Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 7437 692283 691683 2026-07-29T18:17:29Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ụdị ide ihe */ translate 692283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''; ihe ịga nke ọma na ikike ụmụ nwanyị=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie nke atọ ''[[Americanah]]''' bipụtara na 14 Mee 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu" na "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị" n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: "Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na "Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ".{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha "ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump" iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]] Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na "nwunye" kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu "Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ" na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James".{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James" bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "child" n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie ji ma Igbo ma Bekee mee ihe n'ọrụ ya,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} yana ahịrịokwu Igbo e gosiri na italics, wee soro ya na ntụgharị Bekee.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} Ọ na-eji ihe atụ iji kpalite ahụmịhe mmetụta uche,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọbịbịa nke eze iji maa ndị ọchịchị na ndị ndú okpukpe aka na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na-anọchite anya [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Ojiji ya nke asụsụ na-ezo aka na '[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Achebe na-akpọku ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ncheta ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} N'otu aka ahụ, aha Kambili, agwa dị na ''Purple' Hibiscus'', na-akpọ "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Dị Ndụ ma Ka Ndụ"), aha egwu nke onye egwu Igbo [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} Iji kọwaa ọnọdụ tupu agha na mgbe agha gasịrị, ọ na-esi n'ezi ihe gaa n'ọkacha njọ dịka a hụrụ na ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya malitere site n'imepe friji wee hụ oroma, biya, na "ọkụkọ na-egbuke egbuke". Ndị a dị iche na nke e mesịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ, a manyekwara ndị ọzọ iri àkwá na ngwere ntụ ntụ.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie na-ejikarị ebe ndị dị adị na ndị ama ama akụkọ ihe mere eme dọta ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} N'ịmepụta agwa, Adichie na-ejikarị echiche ya eme ihe iji tụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti omenala ọdịnala na nke ọdịda anyanwụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Akụkọ ya na-egosikarị omenala ndị dara ada, ọkachasị ndị na-ahapụ agwa ya n'ọnọdụ dị njọ n'etiti nhọrọ ọjọọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-emepụta agwa dị ka [[archetype]] nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke omume omenala iji mepụta [[Foil (akụkọ)|foil]] maka agwa dị mgbagwoju anya karị.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Omenala ndi Igbo ==== Adichie na-enye ndị odide ya aha a na-akpọkarị maka agbụrụ e bu n'obi, dịka [[Muhammad (aha)|Mohammed]] maka agwa Alakụba.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} Maka ndị Igbo, ọ na-emepụta aha ndị na-egosi omenala aha Igbo ma na-egosipụta àgwà, àgwà, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', aha agwa ahụ bụ Ọlanna pụtara n'ezie "Ọlaedo Chineke", mana Nwankwọ na-ekwu na {{lang|ig|ọla}} pụtara ihe dị oke ọnụ ahịa na {{lang|ig|nna}} pụtara nna (nke a pụrụ ịghọta dị ka Chineke nna ma ọ bụ nne na nna).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} Site n'ịhapụ aha Igbo a ma ama, Adichie na-eme ka ndị odide ya nwee ọtụtụ agbụrụ, okike na ọtụtụ, zuru ụwa ọnụ. personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|peeji=3}} Ọ naghị eji aha Bekee eme ihe maka agwa Afrịka mana, mgbe ọ na-eme ya, ọ bụ ngwaọrụ iji gosipụta àgwà ma ọ bụ omume ọjọọ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie jiri ihe osise sitere na ọdịnala ọnụ Igbo mee ihe iji gosipụta eziokwu n'ụdị [[akụkọ ifo akụkọ ihe mere eme]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} Ọ na-emebi omenala n'ụzọ dị iche na akwụkwọ ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ anaghị anọghị na Naịjirịa [[Canon (ụkpụrụ bụ isi)|akwụkwọ edemede]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} na a na-elegharakarị ndị inyom anya ma ọ bụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nkwado maka ndị ikom na-etinye aka na ndụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo ahụ.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Ụdị ejiji ya na-elekwasịkarị anya na ụmụ nwanyị siri ike ma na-agbakwụnye echiche nwoke na nwanyị na isiokwu ndị ndị edemede ndị ọzọ nyochaburu, dị ka ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, okpukperechi, na mmekọrịta ike.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie na-ekewakarị ndị odide n'ime klaasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iji gosipụta enweghị nghọtahie na usoro ọdịnala.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} Site n'iji akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị odide nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ, dịka ọ na-ekwughachi n'okwu TED ya, "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu", ọ na-ezipụ ozi na enweghị otu eziokwu gbasara ihe gara aga.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie na-agba ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha mata ọrụ nke ha nye ibe ha, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi dị n'ụwa.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Ọkà mmụta Naịjirịa bụ Stanley Ordu na-akọwa echiche nwanyị Adichie dị ka [[Nwanyị|onye na-achọ ụmụ nwanyị]] n'ihi na nyocha ya banyere usoro nna ochie gafere mmeso mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị na [[Misandry|onye na-achọghị nwoke]], kama ile anya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. na nsogbu agbụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu iji lanarị ma soro ụmụ nwoke na-arụkọ ọrụ.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Purple Hibiscus'', agwa Anti Ifeoma na-egosi echiche nwanyị site n'ime ka ndị ezinụlọ niile rụọ ọrụ dịka otu na nkwenye, ka e wee jiri talent onye ọ bụla mee ihe ruo n'ókè kachasị elu ha nwere.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} N'ọrụ ya dịka ide ihe na ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha, Adichie tinyere ihe ọchị, ma jiri okwu [[anecdote]]s, okwu njakịrị na okwu mkparị mee ka otu echiche pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie etolitela echiche [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] nke oge a gbasara okwu gbasara okike, na-ebelata mmasị n'ụzọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ si ahụ Afrịka ma na-enwekwu mmasị n'otú Afrịka si ahụ onwe ya.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ [[Katọlik]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} N'oge ọ bụ nwata, parish ezinụlọ ya bụ Chọọchị Katọlik nke St. Paul dị na Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bi na US karịsịa, ebe o nwere [[Akwụkwọ Ndụ Akwụkwọ Ndụ|ọnọdụ obibi na-adịgide adịgide]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} mana ọ na-elekọtakwa ebe obibi na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Na 2009, ọ lụrụ dọkịta Naịjirịa Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ha nwere ụmụ atọ; A mụrụ nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} na ejima nwoke n'afọ 2024, dịka Adichie si kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} Dịka ya si kwuo, [[Surrogacy|surrogate]] buru nwa ikpeazụ ahụ.{{sfn|Lee|2025}} Otu n'ime ejima ahụ, Nkanu Nnamdi, nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 7, 2026 mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 21, mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa.{{sfn|Ige|2026}}{{sfn|Glynn|2026}} Adichie kwuru ihe kpatara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke dịka nleghara anya ahụike nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Euracare dị na Lagos, ebe a nabatara Nkanu. Akụkụ nke nleghara anya ahụ, dịka ya si kwuo, gụnyere ịjụ ikuku oxygen, na ime ka nwatakịrị ahụ daa jụụ, nke butere [[njide obi]]. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gosiri ezinụlọ ahụ mwute ha, mana ha gọnarịrị ebubo ndị ahụ.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} A ga-amalite [[nnyocha]] gbasara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke na 14 Eprel 2026.{{sfn|Ewokor|2026}} Emesịa, a kwụsịtụrụ nyocha ahụ n'ihi ntinye aka a na-atụghị anya ya site n'aka [[Ọkaiwu Ukwu nke Lagos State]].{{sfn|Oduah|2026}} Na 2 Mee 2015, a tọọrọ nna Adichie ma mesịa tọhapụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} Nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa akụrụ na 2020, n'oge ọrịa [[COVID-19]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} nne ya nwụkwara na 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}} }} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024 }} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret | author-link=Margaret Busby | title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}} }} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}} }} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} }} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |accessdate=2026-07-14 |archivedate=2014-04-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423173503/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024 }} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025 }} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}} }} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227 }} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}} }} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika |author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}} }} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands }} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} }} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York }} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel |author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}} }} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism 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Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739 }} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=16 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026 }} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025 }} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886 }} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}} |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=12 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812074229/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php }} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}} }} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=2 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ }} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}} }} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} }} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 | location=[[Paris]], France | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live }} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 0xvb2i4h4imko0fiuqt5xcw16oukxqr 692285 692283 2026-07-29T18:18:50Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ụdị ide ihe */ ce 692285 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''; ihe ịga nke ọma na ikike ụmụ nwanyị=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie nke atọ ''[[Americanah]]''' bipụtara na 14 Mee 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu" na "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị" n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: "Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na "Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ".{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha "ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump" iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]] Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na "nwunye" kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu "Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ" na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James".{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James" bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "child" n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie ji ma Igbo ma Bekee mee ihe n'ọrụ ya,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} yana ahịrịokwu Igbo e gosiri na italics, wee soro ya na ntụgharị Bekee.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} Ọ na-eji ihe atụ iji kpalite ahụmịhe mmetụta uche,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọbịbịa nke eze iji maa ndị ọchịchị na ndị ndú okpukpe aka na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na-anọchite anya [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Ojiji ya nke asụsụ na-ezo aka na ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Achebe na-akpọku ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ncheta ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} N'otu aka ahụ, aha Kambili, agwa dị na ''Purple Hibiscus'', na-akpọ "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Dị Ndụ ma Ka Ndụ"), aha egwu nke onye egwu Igbo [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} Iji kọwaa ọnọdụ tupu agha na mgbe agha gasịrị, ọ na-esi n'ezi ihe gaa n'ọkacha njọ dịka a hụrụ na ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya malitere site n'imepe friji wee hụ oroma, biya, na "ọkụkọ na-egbuke egbuke". Ndị a dị iche na nke e mesịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ, a manyekwara ndị ọzọ iri àkwá na ngwere ntụ ntụ.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie na-ejikarị ebe ndị dị adị na ndị ama ama akụkọ ihe mere eme dọta ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} N'ịmepụta agwa, Adichie na-ejikarị echiche ya eme ihe iji tụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti omenala ọdịnala na nke ọdịda anyanwụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Akụkọ ya na-egosikarị omenala ndị dara ada, ọkachasị ndị na-ahapụ agwa ya n'ọnọdụ dị njọ n'etiti nhọrọ ọjọọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-emepụta agwa dị ka [[archetype]] nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke omume omenala iji mepụta [[Foil (akụkọ)|foil]] maka agwa dị mgbagwoju anya karị.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Omenala ndi Igbo ==== Adichie na-enye ndị odide ya aha a na-akpọkarị maka agbụrụ e bu n'obi, dịka [[Muhammad (aha)|Mohammed]] maka agwa Alakụba.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} Maka ndị Igbo, ọ na-emepụta aha ndị na-egosi omenala aha Igbo ma na-egosipụta àgwà, àgwà, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', aha agwa ahụ bụ Ọlanna pụtara n'ezie "Ọlaedo Chineke", mana Nwankwọ na-ekwu na {{lang|ig|ọla}} pụtara ihe dị oke ọnụ ahịa na {{lang|ig|nna}} pụtara nna (nke a pụrụ ịghọta dị ka Chineke nna ma ọ bụ nne na nna).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} Site n'ịhapụ aha Igbo a ma ama, Adichie na-eme ka ndị odide ya nwee ọtụtụ agbụrụ, okike na ọtụtụ, zuru ụwa ọnụ. personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|peeji=3}} Ọ naghị eji aha Bekee eme ihe maka agwa Afrịka mana, mgbe ọ na-eme ya, ọ bụ ngwaọrụ iji gosipụta àgwà ma ọ bụ omume ọjọọ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie jiri ihe osise sitere na ọdịnala ọnụ Igbo mee ihe iji gosipụta eziokwu n'ụdị [[akụkọ ifo akụkọ ihe mere eme]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} Ọ na-emebi omenala n'ụzọ dị iche na akwụkwọ ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ anaghị anọghị na Naịjirịa [[Canon (ụkpụrụ bụ isi)|akwụkwọ edemede]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} na a na-elegharakarị ndị inyom anya ma ọ bụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nkwado maka ndị ikom na-etinye aka na ndụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo ahụ.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Ụdị ejiji ya na-elekwasịkarị anya na ụmụ nwanyị siri ike ma na-agbakwụnye echiche nwoke na nwanyị na isiokwu ndị ndị edemede ndị ọzọ nyochaburu, dị ka ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, okpukperechi, na mmekọrịta ike.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie na-ekewakarị ndị odide n'ime klaasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iji gosipụta enweghị nghọtahie na usoro ọdịnala.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} Site n'iji akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị odide nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ, dịka ọ na-ekwughachi n'okwu TED ya, "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu", ọ na-ezipụ ozi na enweghị otu eziokwu gbasara ihe gara aga.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie na-agba ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha mata ọrụ nke ha nye ibe ha, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi dị n'ụwa.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Ọkà mmụta Naịjirịa bụ Stanley Ordu na-akọwa echiche nwanyị Adichie dị ka [[Nwanyị|onye na-achọ ụmụ nwanyị]] n'ihi na nyocha ya banyere usoro nna ochie gafere mmeso mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị na [[Misandry|onye na-achọghị nwoke]], kama ile anya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. na nsogbu agbụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu iji lanarị ma soro ụmụ nwoke na-arụkọ ọrụ.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Purple Hibiscus'', agwa Anti Ifeoma na-egosi echiche nwanyị site n'ime ka ndị ezinụlọ niile rụọ ọrụ dịka otu na nkwenye, ka e wee jiri talent onye ọ bụla mee ihe ruo n'ókè kachasị elu ha nwere.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} N'ọrụ ya dịka ide ihe na ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha, Adichie tinyere ihe ọchị, ma jiri okwu [[anecdote]]s, okwu njakịrị na okwu mkparị mee ka otu echiche pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie etolitela echiche [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] nke oge a gbasara okwu gbasara okike, na-ebelata mmasị n'ụzọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ si ahụ Afrịka ma na-enwekwu mmasị n'otú Afrịka si ahụ onwe ya.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ [[Katọlik]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} N'oge ọ bụ nwata, parish ezinụlọ ya bụ Chọọchị Katọlik nke St. Paul dị na Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bi na US karịsịa, ebe o nwere [[Akwụkwọ Ndụ Akwụkwọ Ndụ|ọnọdụ obibi na-adịgide adịgide]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} mana ọ na-elekọtakwa ebe obibi na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Na 2009, ọ lụrụ dọkịta Naịjirịa Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ha nwere ụmụ atọ; A mụrụ nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} na ejima nwoke n'afọ 2024, dịka Adichie si kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} Dịka ya si kwuo, [[Surrogacy|surrogate]] buru nwa ikpeazụ ahụ.{{sfn|Lee|2025}} Otu n'ime ejima ahụ, Nkanu Nnamdi, nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 7, 2026 mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 21, mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa.{{sfn|Ige|2026}}{{sfn|Glynn|2026}} Adichie kwuru ihe kpatara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke dịka nleghara anya ahụike nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Euracare dị na Lagos, ebe a nabatara Nkanu. Akụkụ nke nleghara anya ahụ, dịka ya si kwuo, gụnyere ịjụ ikuku oxygen, na ime ka nwatakịrị ahụ daa jụụ, nke butere [[njide obi]]. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gosiri ezinụlọ ahụ mwute ha, mana ha gọnarịrị ebubo ndị ahụ.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} A ga-amalite [[nnyocha]] gbasara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke na 14 Eprel 2026.{{sfn|Ewokor|2026}} Emesịa, a kwụsịtụrụ nyocha ahụ n'ihi ntinye aka a na-atụghị anya ya site n'aka [[Ọkaiwu Ukwu nke Lagos State]].{{sfn|Oduah|2026}} Na 2 Mee 2015, a tọọrọ nna Adichie ma mesịa tọhapụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} Nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa akụrụ na 2020, n'oge ọrịa [[COVID-19]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} nne ya nwụkwara na 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}} }} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024 }} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret | author-link=Margaret Busby | title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}} }} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}} }} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} }} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |accessdate=2026-07-14 |archivedate=2014-04-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423173503/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024 }} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025 }} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}} }} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227 }} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}} }} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika |author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}} }} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands }} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} }} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York }} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel |author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}} }} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism 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Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739 }} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=16 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026 }} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025 }} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886 }} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}} |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=12 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812074229/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php }} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}} }} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=2 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ }} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}} }} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} }} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 | location=[[Paris]], France | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live }} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 7gs21iczutxyn1w3l30ku3b0zvyka68 692286 692285 2026-07-29T18:21:47Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Omenala ndi Igbo */ ce 692286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''; ihe ịga nke ọma na ikike ụmụ nwanyị=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie nke atọ ''[[Americanah]]''' bipụtara na 14 Mee 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu" na "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị" n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: "Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na "Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ".{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha "ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump" iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]] Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na "nwunye" kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu "Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ" na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James".{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James" bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "child" n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie ji ma Igbo ma Bekee mee ihe n'ọrụ ya,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} yana ahịrịokwu Igbo e gosiri na italics, wee soro ya na ntụgharị Bekee.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} Ọ na-eji ihe atụ iji kpalite ahụmịhe mmetụta uche,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọbịbịa nke eze iji maa ndị ọchịchị na ndị ndú okpukpe aka na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na-anọchite anya [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Ojiji ya nke asụsụ na-ezo aka na ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Achebe na-akpọku ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ncheta ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} N'otu aka ahụ, aha Kambili, agwa dị na ''Purple Hibiscus'', na-akpọ "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Dị Ndụ ma Ka Ndụ"), aha egwu nke onye egwu Igbo [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} Iji kọwaa ọnọdụ tupu agha na mgbe agha gasịrị, ọ na-esi n'ezi ihe gaa n'ọkacha njọ dịka a hụrụ na ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya malitere site n'imepe friji wee hụ oroma, biya, na "ọkụkọ na-egbuke egbuke". Ndị a dị iche na nke e mesịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ, a manyekwara ndị ọzọ iri àkwá na ngwere ntụ ntụ.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie na-ejikarị ebe ndị dị adị na ndị ama ama akụkọ ihe mere eme dọta ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} N'ịmepụta agwa, Adichie na-ejikarị echiche ya eme ihe iji tụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti omenala ọdịnala na nke ọdịda anyanwụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Akụkọ ya na-egosikarị omenala ndị dara ada, ọkachasị ndị na-ahapụ agwa ya n'ọnọdụ dị njọ n'etiti nhọrọ ọjọọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-emepụta agwa dị ka [[archetype]] nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke omume omenala iji mepụta [[Foil (akụkọ)|foil]] maka agwa dị mgbagwoju anya karị.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Omenala ndi Igbo ==== Adichie na-enye ndị odide ya aha a na-akpọkarị maka agbụrụ e bu n'obi, dịka [[Muhammad (aha)|Mohammed]] maka agwa Alakụba.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} Maka ndị Igbo, ọ na-emepụta aha ndị na-egosi omenala aha Igbo ma na-egosipụta àgwà, àgwà, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', aha agwa ahụ bụ Ọlanna pụtara n'ezie "Ọlaedo Chineke", mana Nwankwọ na-ekwu na "ọla" pụtara ihe dị oke ọnụ ahịa ebe "nna" pụtara Chineke nna ma ọ bụ nne na nna.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} Site n'ịhapụ aha Igbo a ma ama, Adichie na-eme ka ndị odide ya nwee ọtụtụ agbụrụ, okike na ọtụtụ, zuru ụwa ọnụ. personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} Ọ naghị eji aha Bekee eme ihe maka agwa Afrịka mana, mgbe ọ na-eme ya, ọ bụ ngwaọrụ iji gosipụta àgwà ma ọ bụ omume ọjọọ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie jiri ihe osise sitere na ọdịnala ọnụ Igbo mee ihe iji gosipụta eziokwu n'ụdị [[akụkọ ifo akụkọ ihe mere eme]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} Ọ na-emebi omenala n'ụzọ dị iche na akwụkwọ ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ anaghị anọghị na Naịjirịa [[Canon (ụkpụrụ bụ isi)|akwụkwọ edemede]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} na a na-elegharakarị ndị inyom anya ma ọ bụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nkwado maka ndị ikom na-etinye aka na ndụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo ahụ.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Ụdị ejiji ya na-elekwasịkarị anya na ụmụ nwanyị siri ike ma na-agbakwụnye echiche nwoke na nwanyị na isiokwu ndị ndị edemede ndị ọzọ nyochaburu, dị ka ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, okpukperechi, na mmekọrịta ike.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie na-ekewakarị ndị odide n'ime klaasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iji gosipụta enweghị nghọtahie na usoro ọdịnala.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} Site n'iji akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị odide nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ, dịka ọ na-ekwughachi n'okwu TED ya, "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu", ọ na-ezipụ ozi na enweghị otu eziokwu gbasara ihe gara aga.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie na-agba ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha mata ọrụ nke ha nye ibe ha, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi dị n'ụwa.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Ọkà mmụta Naịjirịa bụ Stanley Ordu na-akọwa echiche nwanyị Adichie dị ka [[Nwanyị|onye na-achọ ụmụ nwanyị]] n'ihi na nyocha ya banyere usoro nna ochie gafere mmeso mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị na [[Misandry|onye na-achọghị nwoke]], kama ile anya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. na nsogbu agbụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu iji lanarị ma soro ụmụ nwoke na-arụkọ ọrụ.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Purple Hibiscus'', agwa Anti Ifeoma na-egosi echiche nwanyị site n'ime ka ndị ezinụlọ niile rụọ ọrụ dịka otu na nkwenye, ka e wee jiri talent onye ọ bụla mee ihe ruo n'ókè kachasị elu ha nwere.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} N'ọrụ ya dịka ide ihe na ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha, Adichie tinyere ihe ọchị, ma jiri okwu [[anecdote]]s, okwu njakịrị na okwu mkparị mee ka otu echiche pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie etolitela echiche [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] nke oge a gbasara okwu gbasara okike, na-ebelata mmasị n'ụzọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ si ahụ Afrịka ma na-enwekwu mmasị n'otú Afrịka si ahụ onwe ya.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ [[Katọlik]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} N'oge ọ bụ nwata, parish ezinụlọ ya bụ Chọọchị Katọlik nke St. Paul dị na Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bi na US karịsịa, ebe o nwere [[Akwụkwọ Ndụ Akwụkwọ Ndụ|ọnọdụ obibi na-adịgide adịgide]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} mana ọ na-elekọtakwa ebe obibi na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Na 2009, ọ lụrụ dọkịta Naịjirịa Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ha nwere ụmụ atọ; A mụrụ nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} na ejima nwoke n'afọ 2024, dịka Adichie si kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} Dịka ya si kwuo, [[Surrogacy|surrogate]] buru nwa ikpeazụ ahụ.{{sfn|Lee|2025}} Otu n'ime ejima ahụ, Nkanu Nnamdi, nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 7, 2026 mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 21, mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa.{{sfn|Ige|2026}}{{sfn|Glynn|2026}} Adichie kwuru ihe kpatara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke dịka nleghara anya ahụike nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Euracare dị na Lagos, ebe a nabatara Nkanu. Akụkụ nke nleghara anya ahụ, dịka ya si kwuo, gụnyere ịjụ ikuku oxygen, na ime ka nwatakịrị ahụ daa jụụ, nke butere [[njide obi]]. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gosiri ezinụlọ ahụ mwute ha, mana ha gọnarịrị ebubo ndị ahụ.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} A ga-amalite [[nnyocha]] gbasara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke na 14 Eprel 2026.{{sfn|Ewokor|2026}} Emesịa, a kwụsịtụrụ nyocha ahụ n'ihi ntinye aka a na-atụghị anya ya site n'aka [[Ọkaiwu Ukwu nke Lagos State]].{{sfn|Oduah|2026}} Na 2 Mee 2015, a tọọrọ nna Adichie ma mesịa tọhapụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} Nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa akụrụ na 2020, n'oge ọrịa [[COVID-19]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} nne ya nwụkwara na 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}} }} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024 }} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret | author-link=Margaret Busby | title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}} }} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}} }} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} }} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |accessdate=2026-07-14 |archivedate=2014-04-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423173503/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024 }} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025 }} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}} }} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227 }} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}} }} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika |author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}} }} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands }} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} }} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York }} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel |author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}} }} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism 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Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739 }} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=16 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026 }} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025 }} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886 }} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}} |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=12 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812074229/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php }} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}} }} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=2 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ }} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}} }} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} }} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 | location=[[Paris]], France | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live }} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] dr6w6u3qhgkohjie9dnm40jpwwnuk0i 692292 692286 2026-07-29T18:33:31Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Themes */ translate 692292 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''; ihe ịga nke ọma na ikike ụmụ nwanyị=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie nke atọ ''[[Americanah]]''' bipụtara na 14 Mee 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu" na "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị" n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: "Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na "Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ".{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha "ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump" iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]] Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na "nwunye" kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu "Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ" na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James".{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James" bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "child" n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie ji ma Igbo ma Bekee mee ihe n'ọrụ ya,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} yana ahịrịokwu Igbo e gosiri na italics, wee soro ya na ntụgharị Bekee.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} Ọ na-eji ihe atụ iji kpalite ahụmịhe mmetụta uche,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọbịbịa nke eze iji maa ndị ọchịchị na ndị ndú okpukpe aka na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na-anọchite anya [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Ojiji ya nke asụsụ na-ezo aka na ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Achebe na-akpọku ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ncheta ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} N'otu aka ahụ, aha Kambili, agwa dị na ''Purple Hibiscus'', na-akpọ "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Dị Ndụ ma Ka Ndụ"), aha egwu nke onye egwu Igbo [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} Iji kọwaa ọnọdụ tupu agha na mgbe agha gasịrị, ọ na-esi n'ezi ihe gaa n'ọkacha njọ dịka a hụrụ na ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya malitere site n'imepe friji wee hụ oroma, biya, na "ọkụkọ na-egbuke egbuke". Ndị a dị iche na nke e mesịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ, a manyekwara ndị ọzọ iri àkwá na ngwere ntụ ntụ.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie na-ejikarị ebe ndị dị adị na ndị ama ama akụkọ ihe mere eme dọta ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} N'ịmepụta agwa, Adichie na-ejikarị echiche ya eme ihe iji tụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti omenala ọdịnala na nke ọdịda anyanwụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Akụkọ ya na-egosikarị omenala ndị dara ada, ọkachasị ndị na-ahapụ agwa ya n'ọnọdụ dị njọ n'etiti nhọrọ ọjọọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-emepụta agwa dị ka [[archetype]] nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke omume omenala iji mepụta [[Foil (akụkọ)|foil]] maka agwa dị mgbagwoju anya karị.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Omenala ndi Igbo ==== Adichie na-enye ndị odide ya aha a na-akpọkarị maka agbụrụ e bu n'obi, dịka [[Muhammad (aha)|Mohammed]] maka agwa Alakụba.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} Maka ndị Igbo, ọ na-emepụta aha ndị na-egosi omenala aha Igbo ma na-egosipụta àgwà, àgwà, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', aha agwa ahụ bụ Ọlanna pụtara n'ezie "Ọlaedo Chineke", mana Nwankwọ na-ekwu na "ọla" pụtara ihe dị oke ọnụ ahịa ebe "nna" pụtara Chineke nna ma ọ bụ nne na nna.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} Site n'ịhapụ aha Igbo a ma ama, Adichie na-eme ka ndị odide ya nwee ọtụtụ agbụrụ, okike na ọtụtụ, zuru ụwa ọnụ. personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} Ọ naghị eji aha Bekee eme ihe maka agwa Afrịka mana, mgbe ọ na-eme ya, ọ bụ ngwaọrụ iji gosipụta àgwà ma ọ bụ omume ọjọọ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie jiri ihe osise sitere na ọdịnala ọnụ Igbo mee ihe iji gosipụta eziokwu n'ụdị [[akụkọ ifo akụkọ ihe mere eme]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} Ọ na-emebi omenala n'ụzọ dị iche na akwụkwọ ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ anaghị anọghị na Naịjirịa [[Canon (ụkpụrụ bụ isi)|akwụkwọ edemede]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} na a na-elegharakarị ndị inyom anya ma ọ bụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nkwado maka ndị ikom na-etinye aka na ndụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo ahụ.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Ụdị ejiji ya na-elekwasịkarị anya na ụmụ nwanyị siri ike ma na-agbakwụnye echiche nwoke na nwanyị na isiokwu ndị ndị edemede ndị ọzọ nyochaburu, dị ka ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, okpukperechi, na mmekọrịta ike.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie na-ekewakarị ndị odide n'ime klaasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iji gosipụta enweghị nghọtahie na usoro ọdịnala.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} Site n'iji akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị odide nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ, dịka ọ na-ekwughachi n'okwu TED ya, "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu", ọ na-ezipụ ozi na enweghị otu eziokwu gbasara ihe gara aga.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie na-agba ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha mata ọrụ nke ha nye ibe ha, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi dị n'ụwa.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Ọkà mmụta Naịjirịa bụ Stanley Ordu na-akọwa echiche nwanyị Adichie dị ka [[Nwanyị|onye na-achọ ụmụ nwanyị]] n'ihi na nyocha ya banyere usoro nna ochie gafere mmeso mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị na [[Misandry|onye na-achọghị nwoke]], kama ile anya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. na nsogbu agbụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu iji lanarị ma soro ụmụ nwoke na-arụkọ ọrụ.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Purple Hibiscus'', agwa Anti Ifeoma na-egosi echiche nwanyị site n'ime ka ndị ezinụlọ niile rụọ ọrụ dịka otu na nkwenye, ka e wee jiri talent onye ọ bụla mee ihe ruo n'ókè kachasị elu ha nwere.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} N'ọrụ ya dịka ide ihe na ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha, Adichie tinyere ihe ọchị, ma jiri okwu [[anecdote]]s, okwu njakịrị na okwu mkparị mee ka otu echiche pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie etolitela echiche [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] nke oge a gbasara okwu gbasara okike, na-ebelata mmasị n'ụzọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ si ahụ Afrịka ma na-enwekwu mmasị n'otú Afrịka si ahụ onwe ya.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === N'ime mkparịta ụka Adichie na onye edemede Kenya [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] na 2011, o kwuru na isi ihe dị n'ọrụ ya bụ ịhụnanya.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Site n'iji arụmụka ndị inyom "[[Onye ahụ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]", ịhụnanya n'ọrụ ya na-egosipụtakarị site na njirimara omenala, njirimara onwe onye na ọnọdụ mmadụ, na otu esemokwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si emetụta atọ ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie na-enyochakarị njikọ nke klaasị, omenala, okike, (mgbe-) ọchịchị alaeze ukwu gasịrị, ike, agbụrụ na okpukperechi.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Ọgụ bụ isiokwu kachasị mkpa n'akwụkwọ ndị Afrịka,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} ọrụ ya na-agbaso omenala ahụ site n'inyocha ezinụlọ, obodo, na mmekọrịta.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Nnyocha ya gafere esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mgba maka ikike, ma na-enyochakarị ụmụ mmadụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na-ekwu maka otu ndị odide ya si eme ka ha na ndị nwere mwute dị na ndụ ha{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} na otu ha si agbanwe site n'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị olu na ndị na-enweghị olu gaa n'inwe ike onwe ha na inwe ike ịkọ akụkọ nke ha.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Ọrụ Adichie na-enyochakarị njirimara omenala,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} karịsịa njirimara Igbo nke na-eme emume asụsụ Igbo na [[omenala Igbo|omenala]], ma na-egosi ịhụnanya mba Afrịka, n'ozuzu ya.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Ide ihe ya bụ mkparịta ụka ebumnobi ya na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ, ebumnuche iweghachite ùgwù na mmadụ nke ndị Afrịka.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} Isi okwu na-emegharị n'ọrụ Adichie bụ Agha Biafra. Agha ahụ bụ "oge doro anya" n'akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe ọchịchị Naịjirịa gasịrị, inyocha esemokwu ahụ na-egosi ụzọ e si hazie njirimara mba ahụ. ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', ọrụ ya dị mkpa n'agha ahụ, na-egosi etu amụma, nrụrụ aka, nkwenye okpukpe na esemokwu si mee ka a chụpụ ndị Igbo wee manye ha ịbanyeghachi na mba ahụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ihe abụọ a mere nwere ihe si na ya pụta, Adichie na-egosikwa agha ahụ dị ka ọnyá na-agwọbeghị n'ihi na ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị anaghị achọ idozi nsogbu ndị kpalitere ya.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka pụtara ọzọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie iji gosi mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ n'ịzụlite mmụọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma gosipụta mkpali nke [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African psychology]] na ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe na ''Half of a Yellow Sun''. Ọ pụtara na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na ''Americanah'' dị ka ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eguzogide ọchịchị aka ike site na [[nnupụisi obodo]] na [[Mkpesa|nkwenye]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} Mahadum ahụ na-akụzi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị ọchịchị ma na-emepụta ụzọ isi lụso mgbagwoju anya ya ọgụ site na [[ihe ọmụma ọdịnala|ihe ọmụma ndị obodo]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} site n'ịghọta na akwụkwọ ndị ọchịchị na-akọ naanị akụkụ nke akụkọ ahụ ma na-ebelata onyinye ndị Africa.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie gosipụtara nke a na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, kọwara nwa okorobịa ya n'ụlọ, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, na ọ ga-amụta n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na [[Niger] otu nwoke ọcha aha ya bụ [[Mungo Park (onye na-enyocha)|Mungo Park]] chọtara Osimiri]], ọ bụ ezie na ndị obodo ahụ azụọla azụ̀ n'osimiri ahụ ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ. Agbanyeghị, Odenigbo dọrọ Ugwu aka ná ntị na, ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ banyere nchọpụta Park bụ ụgha, ọ ghaghị iji azịza na-ezighi ezi mee ihe ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-ada ule ya.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Ọrụ Adichie gbasara [[ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ]] na-enyocha isiokwu nke ịbụ onye otu, mgbanwe na ịkpa ókè mgbe niile.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} A na-egosikarị nke a dị ka agụụ imekọ ihe ọnụ ma a na-egosipụta ya site na ndị odide na-agbanwe aha ha,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} isiokwu a na-ahụkarị na akụkọ ifo Adiche, nke na-egosi ihu abụọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} Site n'iji isiokwu nke mbata na ọpụpụ, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta mkparịta ụka gbasara otu esi agbanwe echiche na njirimara nke ndị odide ya site na ibi na mba ọzọ na izute omenala dị iche iche.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} N'ime "Dear Ijeawele ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions" ọ tụlere isiokwu njirimara nke na-apụta na "Purple Hibiscus"', "Half of a Yellow Sun"', na "The Thing Around Your Neck" dịka echiche efu nke ọdịdị ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ntutu isi ha na ihe ha na-eme.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} "Dear Ijeawele" na-emesi ike mkpa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke iji aha ndị Africa eme ihe,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} ịjụ [[Mkpawa dabere na agba akpụkpọ ahụ|agba]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} na-egosipụta nnwere onwe ikwu okwu n'otú ha si eyi ntutu isi ha (gụnyere ịjụ ịchọ ịmata ihe gbasara ya){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} na izere [[commodification]], dị ka ule alụmdi na nwunye, nke Na-ebelata uru nwanyị gaa na nke ihe nrite, na-ahụ naanị uru ya dị ka nwunye nwoke.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Ndị inyom ya na-ajụkarị ka a kọwaa ha site na echiche ndị na-adịghị mma ma na-achọ ike ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Ọrụ Adichie na-ekwukarị banyere nchọpụta ezinụlọ n'etiti ọgbọ dị iche iche, na-enye ya ohere inyocha ahụmịhe dị iche iche nke mmegbu na nnwere onwe. Na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na "[[Onye Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme Isi]]", Adichie lere isiokwu ndị a anya site na iji ezinụlọ dị ka obere ihe nnọchianya nke ime ihe ike.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị, ma n'ime mmekọrịta alụmdi na nwunye nna ochie na n'èzí alụmdi na nwunye, bụ isiokwu Adichie na-ejikarị enyocha mgbagwoju anya na ókèala ịhụnanya. Ọrụ ya na-ekwu maka nwoke idina nwoke n'ihe gbasara alụmdi na nwunye n'akụkọ dịka "Transition to Glory", na isiokwu ndị a machibidoro iwu dịka mmetụta ịhụnanya maka ndị ụkọchukwu na "Purple Hibiscus", yana ịrata enyi nwoke enyi ya na "Light Skin". Ịpụ nwa,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} ịbụ nne na nsogbu nke ịbụ nwanyị bụ isiokwu ndị na-apụta ìhè n'ọrụ Adichie, a na-enyochakwa ha mgbe niile n'ihe gbasara Iso Ụzọ Kraịst, [[nna nna]], na atụmanya mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'akụkọ dị mkpirikpi "Zikora", ọ na-ekwu maka akụkụ ndị dị ndụ, omenala na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ịghọ nne na atụmanya ndị a na-atụ anya n'aka ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} Akụkọ ahụ na-enyocha ọdịda nke mgbochi ime na afọ ime a na-atụghị anya ya, ịhapụ onye òtù ọlụlụ ya, ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di, nrụgide mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nsogbu njirimara Zikora, na mmetụta dị iche iche ọ na-enwe gbasara ịghọ onye nne.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Isiokwu ndị na-apụtakarị bụ mgbaghara na aghụghọ, dịka ọ dị na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe Olanna gbaghaara onye hụrụ ya n'anya ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi, ma ọ bụ mkpebi Ifemelu ikewapụ onwe ya na enyi ya nwoke na ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Nnyocha Adichie banyere agha na-eme ka a mata otú akụkụ abụọ nke esemokwu ọ bụla si eme ihe ike na ọ dịghị akụkụ ọ bụla na-ata ụta maka ime ihe ike na-apụta. Akụkọ ya na-egosi na ihe ọmụma na nghọta nke klaasị na agbụrụ dị iche iche dị mkpa iji mepụta obodo dị iche iche nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị iche iche.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ụdị ime ihe ike ndị ọzọ bụ isiokwu ugboro ugboro na ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'' na ''Ihe Gbara Olu Gị'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} isiokwu ndị a na-egosi ike zuru ụwa ọnụ, ma ọ bụ mmetụta na ngosipụta n'ime ọha mmadụ nke iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ [[Katọlik]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} N'oge ọ bụ nwata, parish ezinụlọ ya bụ Chọọchị Katọlik nke St. Paul dị na Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bi na US karịsịa, ebe o nwere [[Akwụkwọ Ndụ Akwụkwọ Ndụ|ọnọdụ obibi na-adịgide adịgide]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} mana ọ na-elekọtakwa ebe obibi na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Na 2009, ọ lụrụ dọkịta Naịjirịa Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ha nwere ụmụ atọ; A mụrụ nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} na ejima nwoke n'afọ 2024, dịka Adichie si kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} Dịka ya si kwuo, [[Surrogacy|surrogate]] buru nwa ikpeazụ ahụ.{{sfn|Lee|2025}} Otu n'ime ejima ahụ, Nkanu Nnamdi, nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 7, 2026 mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 21, mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa.{{sfn|Ige|2026}}{{sfn|Glynn|2026}} Adichie kwuru ihe kpatara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke dịka nleghara anya ahụike nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Euracare dị na Lagos, ebe a nabatara Nkanu. Akụkụ nke nleghara anya ahụ, dịka ya si kwuo, gụnyere ịjụ ikuku oxygen, na ime ka nwatakịrị ahụ daa jụụ, nke butere [[njide obi]]. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gosiri ezinụlọ ahụ mwute ha, mana ha gọnarịrị ebubo ndị ahụ.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} A ga-amalite [[nnyocha]] gbasara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke na 14 Eprel 2026.{{sfn|Ewokor|2026}} Emesịa, a kwụsịtụrụ nyocha ahụ n'ihi ntinye aka a na-atụghị anya ya site n'aka [[Ọkaiwu Ukwu nke Lagos State]].{{sfn|Oduah|2026}} Na 2 Mee 2015, a tọọrọ nna Adichie ma mesịa tọhapụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} Nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa akụrụ na 2020, n'oge ọrịa [[COVID-19]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} nne ya nwụkwara na 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}} }} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024 }} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret | author-link=Margaret Busby | title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}} }} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}} }} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} }} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |accessdate=2026-07-14 |archivedate=2014-04-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423173503/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024 }} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025 }} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}} }} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227 }} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}} }} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika |author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}} }} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands }} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} }} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York }} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel |author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}} }} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live }} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739 }} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=16 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026 }} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025 }} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886 }} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}} |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=12 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812074229/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php }} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}} }} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=2 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ }} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}} }} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} }} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 | location=[[Paris]], France | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live }} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 3toxrruiypknz7x8jem7rzoxpj6ys1p 692293 692292 2026-07-29T18:36:12Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Isiokwu di iche iche */ translation 692293 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''; ihe ịga nke ọma na ikike ụmụ nwanyị=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie nke atọ ''[[Americanah]]''' bipụtara na 14 Mee 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu" na "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị" n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: "Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na "Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ".{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha "ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump" iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]] Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na "nwunye" kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu "Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ" na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James".{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James" bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "child" n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie ji ma Igbo ma Bekee mee ihe n'ọrụ ya,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} yana ahịrịokwu Igbo e gosiri na italics, wee soro ya na ntụgharị Bekee.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} Ọ na-eji ihe atụ iji kpalite ahụmịhe mmetụta uche,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọbịbịa nke eze iji maa ndị ọchịchị na ndị ndú okpukpe aka na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na-anọchite anya [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Ojiji ya nke asụsụ na-ezo aka na ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Achebe na-akpọku ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ncheta ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} N'otu aka ahụ, aha Kambili, agwa dị na ''Purple Hibiscus'', na-akpọ "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Dị Ndụ ma Ka Ndụ"), aha egwu nke onye egwu Igbo [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} Iji kọwaa ọnọdụ tupu agha na mgbe agha gasịrị, ọ na-esi n'ezi ihe gaa n'ọkacha njọ dịka a hụrụ na ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya malitere site n'imepe friji wee hụ oroma, biya, na "ọkụkọ na-egbuke egbuke". Ndị a dị iche na nke e mesịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ, a manyekwara ndị ọzọ iri àkwá na ngwere ntụ ntụ.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie na-ejikarị ebe ndị dị adị na ndị ama ama akụkọ ihe mere eme dọta ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} N'ịmepụta agwa, Adichie na-ejikarị echiche ya eme ihe iji tụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti omenala ọdịnala na nke ọdịda anyanwụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Akụkọ ya na-egosikarị omenala ndị dara ada, ọkachasị ndị na-ahapụ agwa ya n'ọnọdụ dị njọ n'etiti nhọrọ ọjọọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-emepụta agwa dị ka [[archetype]] nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke omume omenala iji mepụta [[Foil (akụkọ)|foil]] maka agwa dị mgbagwoju anya karị.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Omenala ndi Igbo ==== Adichie na-enye ndị odide ya aha a na-akpọkarị maka agbụrụ e bu n'obi, dịka [[Muhammad (aha)|Mohammed]] maka agwa Alakụba.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} Maka ndị Igbo, ọ na-emepụta aha ndị na-egosi omenala aha Igbo ma na-egosipụta àgwà, àgwà, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', aha agwa ahụ bụ Ọlanna pụtara n'ezie "Ọlaedo Chineke", mana Nwankwọ na-ekwu na "ọla" pụtara ihe dị oke ọnụ ahịa ebe "nna" pụtara Chineke nna ma ọ bụ nne na nna.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} Site n'ịhapụ aha Igbo a ma ama, Adichie na-eme ka ndị odide ya nwee ọtụtụ agbụrụ, okike na ọtụtụ, zuru ụwa ọnụ. personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} Ọ naghị eji aha Bekee eme ihe maka agwa Afrịka mana, mgbe ọ na-eme ya, ọ bụ ngwaọrụ iji gosipụta àgwà ma ọ bụ omume ọjọọ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie jiri ihe osise sitere na ọdịnala ọnụ Igbo mee ihe iji gosipụta eziokwu n'ụdị [[akụkọ ifo akụkọ ihe mere eme]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} Ọ na-emebi omenala n'ụzọ dị iche na akwụkwọ ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ anaghị anọghị na Naịjirịa [[Canon (ụkpụrụ bụ isi)|akwụkwọ edemede]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} na a na-elegharakarị ndị inyom anya ma ọ bụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nkwado maka ndị ikom na-etinye aka na ndụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo ahụ.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Ụdị ejiji ya na-elekwasịkarị anya na ụmụ nwanyị siri ike ma na-agbakwụnye echiche nwoke na nwanyị na isiokwu ndị ndị edemede ndị ọzọ nyochaburu, dị ka ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, okpukperechi, na mmekọrịta ike.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie na-ekewakarị ndị odide n'ime klaasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iji gosipụta enweghị nghọtahie na usoro ọdịnala.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} Site n'iji akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị odide nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ, dịka ọ na-ekwughachi n'okwu TED ya, "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu", ọ na-ezipụ ozi na enweghị otu eziokwu gbasara ihe gara aga.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie na-agba ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha mata ọrụ nke ha nye ibe ha, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi dị n'ụwa.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Ọkà mmụta Naịjirịa bụ Stanley Ordu na-akọwa echiche nwanyị Adichie dị ka [[Nwanyị|onye na-achọ ụmụ nwanyị]] n'ihi na nyocha ya banyere usoro nna ochie gafere mmeso mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị na [[Misandry|onye na-achọghị nwoke]], kama ile anya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. na nsogbu agbụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu iji lanarị ma soro ụmụ nwoke na-arụkọ ọrụ.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Purple Hibiscus'', agwa Anti Ifeoma na-egosi echiche nwanyị site n'ime ka ndị ezinụlọ niile rụọ ọrụ dịka otu na nkwenye, ka e wee jiri talent onye ọ bụla mee ihe ruo n'ókè kachasị elu ha nwere.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} N'ọrụ ya dịka ide ihe na ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha, Adichie tinyere ihe ọchị, ma jiri okwu [[anecdote]]s, okwu njakịrị na okwu mkparị mee ka otu echiche pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie etolitela echiche [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] nke oge a gbasara okwu gbasara okike, na-ebelata mmasị n'ụzọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ si ahụ Afrịka ma na-enwekwu mmasị n'otú Afrịka si ahụ onwe ya.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Isiokwu di iche iche === N'ime mkparịta ụka Adichie na onye edemede Kenya [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] na 2011, o kwuru na isi ihe dị n'ọrụ ya bụ ịhụnanya.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Site n'iji arụmụka ndị inyom "[[Onye ahụ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]", ịhụnanya n'ọrụ ya na-egosipụtakarị site na njirimara omenala, njirimara onwe onye na ọnọdụ mmadụ, na otu esemokwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si emetụta atọ ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie na-enyochakarị njikọ nke klaasị, omenala, okike, (mgbe-) ọchịchị alaeze ukwu gasịrị, ike, agbụrụ na okpukperechi.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Ọgụ bụ isiokwu kachasị mkpa n'akwụkwọ ndị Afrịka,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} ọrụ ya na-agbaso omenala ahụ site n'inyocha ezinụlọ, obodo, na mmekọrịta.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Nnyocha ya gafere esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mgba maka ikike, ma na-enyochakarị ụmụ mmadụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na-ekwu maka otu ndị odide ya si eme ka ha na ndị nwere mwute dị na ndụ ha{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} na otu ha si agbanwe site n'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị olu na ndị na-enweghị olu gaa n'inwe ike onwe ha na inwe ike ịkọ akụkọ nke ha.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Ọrụ Adichie na-enyochakarị njirimara omenala,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} karịsịa njirimara Igbo nke na-eme emume asụsụ Igbo na [[omenala Igbo|omenala]], ma na-egosi ịhụnanya mba Afrịka, n'ozuzu ya.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Ide ihe ya bụ mkparịta ụka ebumnobi ya na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ, ebumnuche iweghachite ùgwù na mmadụ nke ndị Afrịka.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} Isi okwu na-emegharị n'ọrụ Adichie bụ Agha Biafra. Agha ahụ bụ "oge doro anya" n'akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe ọchịchị Naịjirịa gasịrị, inyocha esemokwu ahụ na-egosi ụzọ e si hazie njirimara mba ahụ. ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', ọrụ ya dị mkpa n'agha ahụ, na-egosi etu amụma, nrụrụ aka, nkwenye okpukpe na esemokwu si mee ka a chụpụ ndị Igbo wee manye ha ịbanyeghachi na mba ahụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ihe abụọ a mere nwere ihe si na ya pụta, Adichie na-egosikwa agha ahụ dị ka ọnyá na-agwọbeghị n'ihi na ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị anaghị achọ idozi nsogbu ndị kpalitere ya.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka pụtara ọzọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie iji gosi mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ n'ịzụlite mmụọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma gosipụta mkpali nke [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African psychology]] na ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe na ''Half of a Yellow Sun''. Ọ pụtara na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na ''Americanah'' dị ka ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eguzogide ọchịchị aka ike site na [[nnupụisi obodo]] na [[Mkpesa|nkwenye]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} Mahadum ahụ na-akụzi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị ọchịchị ma na-emepụta ụzọ isi lụso mgbagwoju anya ya ọgụ site na [[ihe ọmụma ọdịnala|ihe ọmụma ndị obodo]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} site n'ịghọta na akwụkwọ ndị ọchịchị na-akọ naanị akụkụ nke akụkọ ahụ ma na-ebelata onyinye ndị Africa.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie gosipụtara nke a na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, kọwara nwa okorobịa ya n'ụlọ, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, na ọ ga-amụta n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na [[Niger] otu nwoke ọcha aha ya bụ [[Mungo Park (onye na-enyocha)|Mungo Park]] chọtara Osimiri]], ọ bụ ezie na ndị obodo ahụ azụọla azụ̀ n'osimiri ahụ ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ. Agbanyeghị, Odenigbo dọrọ Ugwu aka ná ntị na, ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ banyere nchọpụta Park bụ ụgha, ọ ghaghị iji azịza na-ezighi ezi mee ihe ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-ada ule ya.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Ọrụ Adichie gbasara [[ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ]] na-enyocha isiokwu nke ịbụ onye otu, mgbanwe na ịkpa ókè mgbe niile.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} A na-egosikarị nke a dị ka agụụ imekọ ihe ọnụ ma a na-egosipụta ya site na ndị odide na-agbanwe aha ha,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} isiokwu a na-ahụkarị na akụkọ ifo Adiche, nke na-egosi ihu abụọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} Site n'iji isiokwu nke mbata na ọpụpụ, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta mkparịta ụka gbasara otu esi agbanwe echiche na njirimara nke ndị odide ya site na ibi na mba ọzọ na izute omenala dị iche iche.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} N'ime "Dear Ijeawele ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions" ọ tụlere isiokwu njirimara nke na-apụta na "Purple Hibiscus"', "Half of a Yellow Sun"', na "The Thing Around Your Neck" dịka echiche efu nke ọdịdị ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ntutu isi ha na ihe ha na-eme.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} "Dear Ijeawele" na-emesi ike mkpa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke iji aha ndị Africa eme ihe,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} ịjụ [[Mkpawa dabere na agba akpụkpọ ahụ|agba]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} na-egosipụta nnwere onwe ikwu okwu n'otú ha si eyi ntutu isi ha (gụnyere ịjụ ịchọ ịmata ihe gbasara ya){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} na izere [[commodification]], dị ka ule alụmdi na nwunye, nke Na-ebelata uru nwanyị gaa na nke ihe nrite, na-ahụ naanị uru ya dị ka nwunye nwoke.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Ndị inyom ya na-ajụkarị ka a kọwaa ha site na echiche ndị na-adịghị mma ma na-achọ ike ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Ọrụ Adichie na-ekwukarị banyere nchọpụta ezinụlọ n'etiti ọgbọ dị iche iche, na-enye ya ohere inyocha ahụmịhe dị iche iche nke mmegbu na nnwere onwe. Na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na "[[Onye Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme Isi]]", Adichie lere isiokwu ndị a anya site na iji ezinụlọ dị ka obere ihe nnọchianya nke ime ihe ike.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị, ma n'ime mmekọrịta alụmdi na nwunye nna ochie na n'èzí alụmdi na nwunye, bụ isiokwu Adichie na-ejikarị enyocha mgbagwoju anya na ókèala ịhụnanya. Ọrụ ya na-ekwu maka nwoke idina nwoke n'ihe gbasara alụmdi na nwunye n'akụkọ dịka "Transition to Glory", na isiokwu ndị a machibidoro iwu dịka mmetụta ịhụnanya maka ndị ụkọchukwu na "Purple Hibiscus", yana ịrata enyi nwoke enyi ya na "Light Skin". Ịpụ nwa,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} ịbụ nne na nsogbu nke ịbụ nwanyị bụ isiokwu ndị na-apụta ìhè n'ọrụ Adichie, a na-enyochakwa ha mgbe niile n'ihe gbasara Iso Ụzọ Kraịst, [[nna nna]], na atụmanya mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'akụkọ dị mkpirikpi "Zikora", ọ na-ekwu maka akụkụ ndị dị ndụ, omenala na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ịghọ nne na atụmanya ndị a na-atụ anya n'aka ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} Akụkọ ahụ na-enyocha ọdịda nke mgbochi ime na afọ ime a na-atụghị anya ya, ịhapụ onye òtù ọlụlụ ya, ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di, nrụgide mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nsogbu njirimara Zikora, na mmetụta dị iche iche ọ na-enwe gbasara ịghọ onye nne.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Isiokwu ndị na-apụtakarị bụ mgbaghara na aghụghọ, dịka ọ dị na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe Olanna gbaghaara onye hụrụ ya n'anya ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi, ma ọ bụ mkpebi Ifemelu ikewapụ onwe ya na enyi ya nwoke na ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Nnyocha Adichie banyere agha na-eme ka a mata otú akụkụ abụọ nke esemokwu ọ bụla si eme ihe ike na ọ dịghị akụkụ ọ bụla na-ata ụta maka ime ihe ike na-apụta. Akụkọ ya na-egosi na ihe ọmụma na nghọta nke klaasị na agbụrụ dị iche iche dị mkpa iji mepụta obodo dị iche iche nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị iche iche.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ụdị ime ihe ike ndị ọzọ bụ isiokwu ugboro ugboro na ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'' na ''Ihe Gbara Olu Gị'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} isiokwu ndị a na-egosi ike zuru ụwa ọnụ, ma ọ bụ mmetụta na ngosipụta n'ime ọha mmadụ nke iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ [[Katọlik]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} N'oge ọ bụ nwata, parish ezinụlọ ya bụ Chọọchị Katọlik nke St. Paul dị na Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bi na US karịsịa, ebe o nwere [[Akwụkwọ Ndụ Akwụkwọ Ndụ|ọnọdụ obibi na-adịgide adịgide]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} mana ọ na-elekọtakwa ebe obibi na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Na 2009, ọ lụrụ dọkịta Naịjirịa Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ha nwere ụmụ atọ; A mụrụ nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} na ejima nwoke n'afọ 2024, dịka Adichie si kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} Dịka ya si kwuo, [[Surrogacy|surrogate]] buru nwa ikpeazụ ahụ.{{sfn|Lee|2025}} Otu n'ime ejima ahụ, Nkanu Nnamdi, nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 7, 2026 mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 21, mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa.{{sfn|Ige|2026}}{{sfn|Glynn|2026}} Adichie kwuru ihe kpatara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke dịka nleghara anya ahụike nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Euracare dị na Lagos, ebe a nabatara Nkanu. Akụkụ nke nleghara anya ahụ, dịka ya si kwuo, gụnyere ịjụ ikuku oxygen, na ime ka nwatakịrị ahụ daa jụụ, nke butere [[njide obi]]. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gosiri ezinụlọ ahụ mwute ha, mana ha gọnarịrị ebubo ndị ahụ.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} A ga-amalite [[nnyocha]] gbasara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke na 14 Eprel 2026.{{sfn|Ewokor|2026}} Emesịa, a kwụsịtụrụ nyocha ahụ n'ihi ntinye aka a na-atụghị anya ya site n'aka [[Ọkaiwu Ukwu nke Lagos State]].{{sfn|Oduah|2026}} Na 2 Mee 2015, a tọọrọ nna Adichie ma mesịa tọhapụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} Nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa akụrụ na 2020, n'oge ọrịa [[COVID-19]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} nne ya nwụkwara na 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}} }} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024 }} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret | author-link=Margaret Busby | title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}} }} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}} }} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} }} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |accessdate=2026-07-14 |archivedate=2014-04-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423173503/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024 }} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025 }} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}} }} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227 }} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}} }} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika |author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}} }} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands }} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} }} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York }} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel |author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}} }} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live }} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739 }} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=16 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026 }} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025 }} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886 }} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}} |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=12 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812074229/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php }} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}} }} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=2 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ }} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}} }} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} }} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 | location=[[Paris]], France | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live }} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] knumqsvrn1at5hmihjvskiqct82gb68 0 9905 692105 656836 2026-07-29T17:43:50Z SafariScribe 18560 /* */ ce 692105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Akindele-Bello Olufunke Ayotunde'''<ref name="vanguard">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/01/i-didnt-snatch-anybodys-husband-funke-akindele/|title=I didn’t snatch anybody’s husband – Funke Akindele|accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref> (ónyé amaara dị́ ka Funke '''Akindele /Jenifa''')<ref name="olufunkeakindele.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.olufunkeakindele.com/about-funke-akindele/|title=About |accessdate=8 October 2016|archivedate=21 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021201726/http://www.olufunkeakindele.com/about-funke-akindele/}}</ref> bụ ónyé n'eme ihe nkiri ma na-arụ́pụ̀tákwa ihe nkiri. Funke gosipụ̀tara na emume sitcom ''I Need to Know'' site áfọ̀ 1998 ruo 2002, n'áfọ̀ 2009 ọ̀ nwetara awọdụ na Africa Movie Academy Award màkà ngósìpụ̀tà ézígbò ákpárámàgwà nlégárá ányā n'éjìjé<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2009|accessdate=1 March 2011|archivedate=5 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405090903/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009}}</ref> ọ́ nọ̀ dịka onye ánà-èlégárá ányá n'éjìjé ''Jenifa's Diary'',<ref name="PulseJenifa">{{Cite web|title="Jenifa's Diary" Watch Funke Akindele in season 4 trailer|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/jenifas-diary-watch-funke-akindele-in-season-4-trailer-id4609524.html|accessdate=28 January 2016|archivedate=24 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824180655/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/jenifas-diary-watch-funke-akindele-in-season-4-trailer-id4609524.html}}</ref> nke akpọ́pụ̀tàrà ya dịka nwanyị kachasị n'éjìjé egwuregwu/ị́kpā ọ́chị̀ [[Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards]]. == Mmàlíté ńdụ̀ nà mmụ̀tá == Á mụrụ Akindele n'ọ́nwá ọgọọs 24, 1977, na Ikorodu, [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos State]], Naijiria. <ref name="Origin">Olivia Kabir, January 2019 [https://www.legit.ng/1215364-funke-akindeles-state-origin.html Funke Akindele's state of origin Read more: https://www.legit.ng/1215364-funke-akindeles-state-origin.html], ''[[Legit.ng]]''</ref> Funke bụ nwa abụọ n'ime ụmụ atọ (ụmụ nwanyị abụọ na otu nwoke). Nne Akindele bụ̀ onye dibị̀a bekee ebe nna ya bụ̀ onye isi ụ́lọ̀ akwụkwọ ndị sekọ́ndị̀rị̀ lagoro ezumike ńkā. <ref name="olufunkeakindele.com"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/529267-10-things-need-know-funke-akindele.html|title=10 Things You Need To Know About Funke Akindele ▷ NAIJ.COM|author=Bodunrin|date=|work=naij.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Funke nwetara asambodo National Diploma (OND) na Mass Communication site na ụlọakwụkwọ bụbụrụ Ogun State Polytechnic,bụzi Moshood Abiola ugbu a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unilag.edu.ng/|title=Unilag Home|work=University of Lagos|accessdate=2020-01-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Birthday Shout! Celebrating versatile screen diva Funke Akindele aka Jenifa|url=https://www.happenings.com.ng/lifestyle/2016/08/24/birthday-shout-celebrating-versatile-screen-diva-funke-akindele-aka-jenifa|author=Williams|work=Happenings Media|accessdate=2020-05-25|archivedate=2020-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019150439/https://www.happenings.com.ng/lifestyle/2016/08/24/birthday-shout-celebrating-versatile-screen-diva-funke-akindele-aka-jenifa}}</ref> <ref name="ghanaweb1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Nollywood-s-Funke-Akindele-turns-40-years-today-464762|title=Nollywood's Funke Akindele turns 40 years today|date=2016-08-24|accessdate=2020-04-05}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Akindele bụ̀ụ̀rụ̀ onye ámà ama mgbe ó gósìpụ̀tàra ònwé ya na United Nations Population Fund ( UNFPA ) nke na-akwado sitcom/Need to know, nke malitere site na 1998 ruo 2002. Funke zàrà Bisi, ma gosipụta ákpárámàgwà nwa akwụkwọ sekọndrị nwere ọgụgụ isi ma nwee ọ̀nụ̀nụ̀ ọ́kụ́ n'obi.Funke Akindele chawapụtara na 2008 mgbe ọ pụtara n'ihe nkiri ''Jenifa'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch: Funke Akindele – My Best Friend Can Only Call My Husband On His Birthday|url=https://guardian.ng/life/funke-akindele-says-friends-not-allowed-to-call-her-husband/|last=Akindele|first=Funke|date=|accessdate=2020-11-09|archivedate=2020-11-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102195839/https://guardian.ng/life/funke-akindele-says-friends-not-allowed-to-call-her-husband/}}</ref> <ref name="ghanaweb1"/> Na Jenụwarị 2018, enwere esemokwu mgbe a kọrọ na Akindele ga-enweta ya Hollywood izizi na Marvel's ''Avengers: Infinity War'' dịka e depụtara ya dịka onye so na IMDb .Onye Ọrụ nta akụkọ ndị mainstream nke Naịjirịa kwuru na ọ jikerela ichawapụta na ''infinity War'' dị ka onye nche Dora Milaje, na-akowa IMDb. <ref name="Sun">January 11, 2018 [https://www.sunnewsonline.com/funke-akindele-to-star-in-hollywood-movie-avengers-infinity-war/ Funke Akindele to star in Hollywood movie “Avengers: Infinity War”], ''[[The Sun (Nigeria)|Sun News]]''</ref> Izu ole na ole ka nke ahụ gasịrị, e dochiri aha onye otu nwanyị na-eme ihe nkiri na Naịjirịa bụ [[Genevieve Nnaji]], <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/01/whats-story-funke-akindele-bello-genevieve-nnaji-avengers-infinity-war/|title=What's the Story on Funke Akindele Bello, Genevieve Nnaji & "Avengers: Infinity War"?|date=2018-01-15}}</ref> na ntinye nke Akindele gosiri na ọ bụ mbanye anataghị ikike. <ref name="Freeze">Nsikak Nseyen, January 16, 2018 [http://dailypost.ng/2018/01/16/hackers-uploaded-funke-akindeles-photo-avengers-cast-freeze/ How hackers uploaded Funke Akindele’s photo as Avenger’s cast – Freeze], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]''</ref> Na February 2018, a kọrọ na Onye isi oche Senate na Onye isi oche nke National Assembly, Dr Bukola Saraki gwara ndị Marvel Studios ka ha gosipụta Akindele na ''Infinity War.'' <ref name="AkindelePost">Nasikak Nseye, February 5, 2018[http://dailypost.ng/2018/02/05/avengers-infinity-war-saraki-makes-case-actress-funke-akindele/ ‘Avengers Infinity War’: Saraki makes case for actress, Funke Akindele], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]''</ref> N’ọnwa Julaị 2016, n’ajụjụ ọnụ o kwuru na ya anaghị eme ọtụtụ ihe nkiri n’ụlọ ọrụ ndị Yoruba n’oge ahụ n’ihi ịzonari ụfọdụ ihe. <ref name="Cable">July 18, 2016 [https://www.thecable.ng/funke-akindele-im-not-producing-yoruba-movies-now Funke Akindele: I’m not producing Yoruba movies for now], ''[[The Cable]]''</ref> Akindele bụ ísí ahụrụ kwawa okpu n'ihe nkiri na-aga n'ihu bụ ''Jenifa Diary'', gbakwunyere Fisayo Ajisola, Falz, Juliana Olayode, na Aderounmu Adejumoke . Ihe ngosi a na - emetụta ụfọdụ ngalaba ihe nkiri ''Jenifa'' . <ref name="PulseJenifa"/> Ihe Nkiri egwu/ịkpa ọchị 2018 bụ ''moms at war gósìpûtàwanyere'' Akindele na Michelle Dede . N’ọnwa Julaị 2019, Akindele bidoro usoro intanetị ọhụrụ ọ kpọrọ Aiyetoro ''Town'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/aiyetoro-town-jenifas-diary-spinoff-from-funke-akindele-is-hilarious/19k58np|title=Aiyetoro town: Funke Akindele has kicked off ‘Jenifa’s Diary’ spinoff, and it’s hilarious|date=2019-07-10|accessdate=2020-02-15}}</ref> nke na-esite na nsonye TV ya ama ama, ''Jenifa’s Diary.'' <ref name="Pulse">July 24, 2018 [https://web.archive.org/web/20190424041723/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/moms-at-war-heres-when-omoni-obolis-new-film-will-be-released-in-cinemas/mevk6zr Here's when Omoni Oboli's new film will be released in cinemas], ''Pulse Nigeria''</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20201101100048/https://www.sceneone.tv/ Scene One] Film Production. <ref name="TheNet">Mosope Olumide, September 14, 2018 [http://thenet.ng/poverty-and-failure-funke-akindele-reveals-her-greatest-fears-in-life/ Poverty And Failure: Funke Akindele Reveals Her Greatest Fears In Life], ''[[The Net (website)|The Net]]''</ref> O mere ihe nler site ituziaka aka na ihe nkiri bụ ''your Excellency na 2019''. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/your-excellency-funke-akindeles-directorial-debut-makes-n175-million-in-2-days/qw46jqh|title=‘Your Excellency’: Funke Akindele’s directorial debut makes N17.5 million in 2 days|date=2019-12-17|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-11-09|archivedate=2020-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103034211/https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/your-excellency-funke-akindeles-directorial-debut-makes-n175-million-in-2-days/qw46jqh}}</ref> == Èbùmnúchè ebere == Funke Akindele na-ahụ maka otu na-abụghị nke gọọmenti hiwere amaara dịka Jenifa Foundation, nke ebumnuche ya bụ iji nye ndị ntorobịa ọrụ. == Nkwenye Nnọchiteanya == Funke Akindele nwere nkwado dị ka edebanyere aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nke Dettol . Funke Akindele nwere nkwado dị iche iche dịka itinyere ya aka n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nke Irokotv . edebanyere aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchianya nke Keystone Bank na afọ 2018 <ref name="Vangaurd">August 27, 2018 [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/08/keystone-bank-signs-actress-funke-akindele-as-brand-ambassador/ Keystone Bank signs Actress, Funke Akindele as brand ambassador], ''[[Vanguard Nigeria]]''</ref> Na Nọvemba 2019, ọ binyere aka na nkwado Waw Nigeria, ụlọ ọrụ na-arụpụta ncha. <ref name="The Nation">November 6,2019, "[[The Nation]]"</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Na May 26, 2012, Akindele lụrụ Adeola Kehinde Oloyede. <ref name="Bellanija">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/05/bn-exclusive-its-official-jenifa-star-funke-akindele-is-a-married-woman-photos-details-of-the-beautiful-union-with-her-beau-kehinde-oloyede-only-on-bn/|title=BN Exclusive: It’s Official, "Jenifa" Star Funke Akindele is a Married Woman! Photos & Details of the Beautiful Union with Her Beau Kehinde Oloyede Only On BN|author=|date=|work=bellanaija.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Di na nwunye ahụ gbara alụkwaghịm na July 2013, na-ekwu maka esemokwu na-enweghị ntinye ọnụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/funke-akindele-yes-my-marriage-has-crashed-nollywood-star-confirms-split-read-the-official-statement-her-recent-interview/|title=Funke Akindele: "Yes, My Marriage has Crashed" - Nollywood Star confirms Split – Read the Official Statement + Her Recent Interview|author=|date=|work=bellanaija.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Akindele lụrụ onye egwu Naịjirịa bụ JJC Skillz na London na Mee 2016. <ref>[http://sunnewsonline.com/marriage-to-funke-akindele-jjc-breaks-silence/ Marriage</ref> ọ̀tụ́tụ́ akụkọ kọrọ maka afọ ime ya so na nsonaazụ ọchụchọ kachasị na nchọgharị ọchụchọ Google na August 2017. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/funke-akindeles-pregnancy-jamb-dominate-google-searches/</ref> Akindele mụrụ ụmụ nwoke ejima na Disemba 2018 ma nwee ọtụtụ ụmụ Dị ya mụtara na mbụ <ref>http://dailypost.ng/2017/08/02/jjc-reveals-convinced-marry-funke-akindele/</ref> <ref name="Post">Fikayo Olowolagba, December 22, 2018. [http://dailypost.ng/2018/12/22/funke-akindele-welcomes-first-child-despite-pastors-prophecy/ Nollywood actress, Funke Akindele defies prophecy, welcomes twins], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)Daily Post]]''</ref> <ref name="Legit">Seun Durojaiye, January 2019 [https://www.legit.ng/1215098-actress-funke-akindele-stuns-native-owambe-outfit.html Actress Funke Akindele stuns in native owambe outfit], ''[[Legit.ng]]''</ref> == Arụmarụ == N’ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, e jidere Akindele ma bo ya ebubo n’ụlọ ikpe mgbe ha mechara nnọkọ ncheta ọmụmụ iji kwanyere di ya ugwu n’oge mkpọchi igbochi ọrịa koronaviros. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-04-06|title=Nigerian actress fined over lockdown party|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52174832|accessdate=2020-05-25}}</ref>. O mechara pụta na ihe nkiri video Nigeria center for Disease Control iji mee ka a mata banyere koronavirus. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Nigerian actress Funke Akindele arrested for Lagos party amid lockdown|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52174832|accessdate=6 April 2020|date=6 April 2020}}</ref> A mara onye omee ahụ na di ya ikpe ị́rụ́ ọrụ obodo mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri na anọ mgbe ha kwuchara na ha dara iwu megidere mkpọchi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fellowpress.com/g-news/news/68807/coronavirus-funke-akindele-husband-sentenced-to-community-service/|title=Coronavirus: Funke Akindele, husband sentenced to community service|date=2020-04-07|accessdate=2020-04-07|archivedate=2020-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522095702/https://fellowpress.com/g-news/news/68807/coronavirus-funke-akindele-husband-sentenced-to-community-service/}}</ref> == Ńghọ̀tá Ihe nkiri ọ́ nọ̀ == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * My siblings and I *''[[Jenifa]]'' *''[[Jenifa's Diary]]'' *''[[Your Excellency (film)|Your Excellency]]'' *''[[Maami]]'' *''Industreet'' *''[[A Trip to Jamaica]]'' *''[[The Return of Jenifa|Return of Jenifa]]'' *''[[Isoken]]'' *''[[Moms at War]]'' *''[[Chief Daddy]]'' *''[[Omo Ghetto]]'' *''[[Married but Living Single]]'' *''Apaadi'' *''Emi Abata'' *''Love Wahala'' *''Ladies Gang'' *''Anointed Liars'' *''Bolode O'ku'' *''Farayola'' *''Ija Ola'' *''Aje Metta'' *''Apoti Orogun'' *''Atanpako Meta'' *''Kakaki 'leku'' *''Omo Pupa'' *''Taiwo Taiwo'' *''Akandun'' *''Baye se Nlo'' *''Edunjobi'' *''Egun'' *''Maku'' *''Oba Irawo'' *''Okun Ife Yi'' *''Agbefo'' *''Kòséfowórà'' *''Odun Baku'' *''Oreke Mulero'' *''Osuwon Edaf'' {{div col end}}My siblings and I Jenifa Jenifa's Diary Your Excellency Maami Industreet A Trip to jamaica Return of Jenifa Isoken Mom's at war Chief Daddy Omo ghetto Married but living single Apaadi Emi Abata Love wahala Ladies gang Anionted liars Bolide O'ku Farayola ija ola Aje metta Apoti orogun Kakaki 'leku Omo pupa Taiwo Taiwo Akandun Baye de Nlo Edunjobi Egun Maku Ọbá irawo Ọkụ ife yi Agbefo Kòséfowórà Ọdụm bako Otele mulero Osuson Edaf {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Mmemme ! Nrite ! Ọrụ ! Nsonaazụ |- | rowspan="2" | 2009 | Afrika Movie Academy Award | Onye Ndu Nwanyị Kacha Mma | rowspan="" ||{{won}} |- | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ Naịjirịa nke 2009 | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Jenifa'' |{{won}} |- | 2010 | Onyinye Nollywood nke 2010 | Nwanyị Kacha Mma N’ebe Nduzi (Yoruba) | ''Oguni Aiku''|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" | 2012 | Onyinye nturu ugo nke 2012 Nigeria | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Troj'' |{{won}} |- | Nollywood Movies Awards | Nwanyị kacha mma (Indmụ amaala) | ''Emi Abata'' |{{won}} |- | Ihe onyinye 2012 Nollywood kacha mma | Onye kacha mma (English) | ''Di na Nwaanyị Ma Living Na-alụghị Di Ma Ọ Bụ Nwunye'' |{{nom}} |- | Zulu African Film Academy Awards | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Maami'' na ''Nlaghachi nke Jenifa''|{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | rowspan="2" | Nollywood Movies Awards | Nwanyị Kacha Mma (Na-eduga Ọrụ) | rowspan="2" | ''Maami'' |{{nom}} |- | Nwanyị kacha mma (Indmụ amaala)|{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ 2014 Nigeria | Nwanyị Kacha Mma (Na-eduga Ọrụ) | ''Agnetta O'Mpa'' |{{won}} |- | Afrịka Ime Anwansi Anwansi ahọrọ Nhọrọ | Nwanyị kacha mma (ọchị) | ''Nloghachi nke Sheri Koko'' |{{won}} |- | ELOY Awards | Brand Brand nke Afọ | Omo |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/lifestyle/omoni-oboli-funke-akindele-omawumi-all-the-winners-from-the-2014-eloy-awards-id3316786.html |title=Omoni Oboli, Funke Akindele, Omawumi: All the winners from the 2014 ELOY awards - Lifestyle - Pulse |language=de |publisher=Pulse.ng |date=2014-12-01 |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2016-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183558/http://pulse.ng/lifestyle/omoni-oboli-funke-akindele-omawumi-all-the-winners-from-the-2014-eloy-awards-id3316786.html }}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" | 2016 | Ihe Nlere Anya n'Africa 2016 Afrika | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe nkiri | rowspan="4" | ''Akwụkwọ Jenifa'' |{{won}} |- | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ Naịjirịa | Best Omee usoro |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | Naija FM onyinye | Sitcom Nke Afọ |{{won}} |- | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe ọchị |{{won}} |- | Ihe Nlegha Anya Ochie nke Afrika | Nwanyị kacha mma n'afọ ||{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aelaawards.com/poll-survey/ |title=Winners List - Ael Awards (Aela) |publisher=Aelaawards.com |date= |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2018-08-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813222709/http://aelaawards.com/poll-survey/ }}</ref> |- | Onyinye Ihe Nkiri 2016 Ghana Ghana | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'Africa | ''Njem njem na Jamaica'' |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-movie-awards-2016-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-african-collaboration-id5895546.html |title=Ghana Movie Awards 2016: Funke Akindele wins best actress African collaboration - Movies - Pulse |language=de |publisher=Pulse.ng |date= |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2016-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183556/http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-movie-awards-2016-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-african-collaboration-id5895546.html }}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" | 2017 | rowspan="3" | Ihe nhota ndi Afrika Magic Magic 2017 | Usoro TV kacha mma | rowspan="2" | ''Akwụkwọ Jenifa'' |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2017/03/amvca-2017-see-full-list-winners/|title=AMVCA 2017: See the full list of winners|publisher=The NET |author=Adeleke Afolayan|date=4 March 2017}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | Nwanyị kacha mma na Comedy Movie ma ọ bụ TV |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/amvca-2017-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-in-a-comedy-id6318252.html|title=Funke Akindele wins Best Actress in a Comedy|publisher=Pulse.Ng|author=Chidumga Izuzu|date=4 March 2017|accessdate=9 November 2020|archivedate=10 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810180902/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/amvca-2017-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-in-a-comedy-id6318252.html}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | ''Njem njem na Jamaica'' |{{nom}} |- | Onyinye onyinye 2017 Nigeria Entertainment | Onye Ndu Nwanyị Kacha Mma |{{won}} |- | 2020 | Afrịka Ime Anwansi Anwansi ahọrọ Nhọrọ | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe ọchị | Ndị Nne Na Agha | Imeri |} == Ńrùtúáká== {{Reflist|30em}} * Funke Akindele on IMDb [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2d35qyas42b9jrtrnddlt4garuj3ib0 692106 692105 2026-07-29T17:46:46Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Edensibia */ Ce 692106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Akindele-Bello Olufunke Ayotunde'''<ref name="vanguard">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/01/i-didnt-snatch-anybodys-husband-funke-akindele/|title=I didn’t snatch anybody’s husband – Funke Akindele|accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref> (ónyé amaara dị́ ka Funke '''Akindele /Jenifa''')<ref name="olufunkeakindele.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.olufunkeakindele.com/about-funke-akindele/|title=About |accessdate=8 October 2016|archivedate=21 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021201726/http://www.olufunkeakindele.com/about-funke-akindele/}}</ref> bụ ónyé n'eme ihe nkiri ma na-arụ́pụ̀tákwa ihe nkiri. Funke gosipụ̀tara na emume sitcom ''I Need to Know'' site áfọ̀ 1998 ruo 2002, n'áfọ̀ 2009 ọ̀ nwetara awọdụ na Africa Movie Academy Award màkà ngósìpụ̀tà ézígbò ákpárámàgwà nlégárá ányā n'éjìjé<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2009|accessdate=1 March 2011|archivedate=5 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405090903/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009}}</ref> ọ́ nọ̀ dịka onye ánà-èlégárá ányá n'éjìjé ''Jenifa's Diary'',<ref name="PulseJenifa">{{Cite web|title="Jenifa's Diary" Watch Funke Akindele in season 4 trailer|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/jenifas-diary-watch-funke-akindele-in-season-4-trailer-id4609524.html|accessdate=28 January 2016|archivedate=24 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824180655/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/jenifas-diary-watch-funke-akindele-in-season-4-trailer-id4609524.html}}</ref> nke akpọ́pụ̀tàrà ya dịka nwanyị kachasị n'éjìjé egwuregwu/ị́kpā ọ́chị̀ [[Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards]]. == Mmàlíté ńdụ̀ nà mmụ̀tá == Á mụrụ Akindele n'ọ́nwá ọgọọs 24, 1977, na Ikorodu, [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos State]], Naijiria. <ref name="Origin">Olivia Kabir, January 2019 [https://www.legit.ng/1215364-funke-akindeles-state-origin.html Funke Akindele's state of origin Read more: https://www.legit.ng/1215364-funke-akindeles-state-origin.html], ''[[Legit.ng]]''</ref> Funke bụ nwa abụọ n'ime ụmụ atọ (ụmụ nwanyị abụọ na otu nwoke). Nne Akindele bụ̀ onye dibị̀a bekee ebe nna ya bụ̀ onye isi ụ́lọ̀ akwụkwọ ndị sekọ́ndị̀rị̀ lagoro ezumike ńkā. <ref name="olufunkeakindele.com"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/529267-10-things-need-know-funke-akindele.html|title=10 Things You Need To Know About Funke Akindele ▷ NAIJ.COM|author=Bodunrin|date=|work=naij.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Funke nwetara asambodo National Diploma (OND) na Mass Communication site na ụlọakwụkwọ bụbụrụ Ogun State Polytechnic,bụzi Moshood Abiola ugbu a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unilag.edu.ng/|title=Unilag Home|work=University of Lagos|accessdate=2020-01-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Birthday Shout! Celebrating versatile screen diva Funke Akindele aka Jenifa|url=https://www.happenings.com.ng/lifestyle/2016/08/24/birthday-shout-celebrating-versatile-screen-diva-funke-akindele-aka-jenifa|author=Williams|work=Happenings Media|accessdate=2020-05-25|archivedate=2020-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019150439/https://www.happenings.com.ng/lifestyle/2016/08/24/birthday-shout-celebrating-versatile-screen-diva-funke-akindele-aka-jenifa}}</ref> <ref name="ghanaweb1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Nollywood-s-Funke-Akindele-turns-40-years-today-464762|title=Nollywood's Funke Akindele turns 40 years today|date=2016-08-24|accessdate=2020-04-05}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Akindele bụ̀ụ̀rụ̀ onye ámà ama mgbe ó gósìpụ̀tàra ònwé ya na United Nations Population Fund ( UNFPA ) nke na-akwado sitcom/Need to know, nke malitere site na 1998 ruo 2002. Funke zàrà Bisi, ma gosipụta ákpárámàgwà nwa akwụkwọ sekọndrị nwere ọgụgụ isi ma nwee ọ̀nụ̀nụ̀ ọ́kụ́ n'obi.Funke Akindele chawapụtara na 2008 mgbe ọ pụtara n'ihe nkiri ''Jenifa'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch: Funke Akindele – My Best Friend Can Only Call My Husband On His Birthday|url=https://guardian.ng/life/funke-akindele-says-friends-not-allowed-to-call-her-husband/|last=Akindele|first=Funke|date=|accessdate=2020-11-09|archivedate=2020-11-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102195839/https://guardian.ng/life/funke-akindele-says-friends-not-allowed-to-call-her-husband/}}</ref> <ref name="ghanaweb1"/> Na Jenụwarị 2018, enwere esemokwu mgbe a kọrọ na Akindele ga-enweta ya Hollywood izizi na Marvel's ''Avengers: Infinity War'' dịka e depụtara ya dịka onye so na IMDb .Onye Ọrụ nta akụkọ ndị mainstream nke Naịjirịa kwuru na ọ jikerela ichawapụta na ''infinity War'' dị ka onye nche Dora Milaje, na-akowa IMDb. <ref name="Sun">January 11, 2018 [https://www.sunnewsonline.com/funke-akindele-to-star-in-hollywood-movie-avengers-infinity-war/ Funke Akindele to star in Hollywood movie “Avengers: Infinity War”], ''[[The Sun (Nigeria)|Sun News]]''</ref> Izu ole na ole ka nke ahụ gasịrị, e dochiri aha onye otu nwanyị na-eme ihe nkiri na Naịjirịa bụ [[Genevieve Nnaji]], <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/01/whats-story-funke-akindele-bello-genevieve-nnaji-avengers-infinity-war/|title=What's the Story on Funke Akindele Bello, Genevieve Nnaji & "Avengers: Infinity War"?|date=2018-01-15}}</ref> na ntinye nke Akindele gosiri na ọ bụ mbanye anataghị ikike. <ref name="Freeze">Nsikak Nseyen, January 16, 2018 [http://dailypost.ng/2018/01/16/hackers-uploaded-funke-akindeles-photo-avengers-cast-freeze/ How hackers uploaded Funke Akindele’s photo as Avenger’s cast – Freeze], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]''</ref> Na February 2018, a kọrọ na Onye isi oche Senate na Onye isi oche nke National Assembly, Dr Bukola Saraki gwara ndị Marvel Studios ka ha gosipụta Akindele na ''Infinity War.'' <ref name="AkindelePost">Nasikak Nseye, February 5, 2018[http://dailypost.ng/2018/02/05/avengers-infinity-war-saraki-makes-case-actress-funke-akindele/ ‘Avengers Infinity War’: Saraki makes case for actress, Funke Akindele], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]''</ref> N’ọnwa Julaị 2016, n’ajụjụ ọnụ o kwuru na ya anaghị eme ọtụtụ ihe nkiri n’ụlọ ọrụ ndị Yoruba n’oge ahụ n’ihi ịzonari ụfọdụ ihe. <ref name="Cable">July 18, 2016 [https://www.thecable.ng/funke-akindele-im-not-producing-yoruba-movies-now Funke Akindele: I’m not producing Yoruba movies for now], ''[[The Cable]]''</ref> Akindele bụ ísí ahụrụ kwawa okpu n'ihe nkiri na-aga n'ihu bụ ''Jenifa Diary'', gbakwunyere Fisayo Ajisola, Falz, Juliana Olayode, na Aderounmu Adejumoke . Ihe ngosi a na - emetụta ụfọdụ ngalaba ihe nkiri ''Jenifa'' . <ref name="PulseJenifa"/> Ihe Nkiri egwu/ịkpa ọchị 2018 bụ ''moms at war gósìpûtàwanyere'' Akindele na Michelle Dede . N’ọnwa Julaị 2019, Akindele bidoro usoro intanetị ọhụrụ ọ kpọrọ Aiyetoro ''Town'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/aiyetoro-town-jenifas-diary-spinoff-from-funke-akindele-is-hilarious/19k58np|title=Aiyetoro town: Funke Akindele has kicked off ‘Jenifa’s Diary’ spinoff, and it’s hilarious|date=2019-07-10|accessdate=2020-02-15}}</ref> nke na-esite na nsonye TV ya ama ama, ''Jenifa’s Diary.'' <ref name="Pulse">July 24, 2018 [https://web.archive.org/web/20190424041723/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/moms-at-war-heres-when-omoni-obolis-new-film-will-be-released-in-cinemas/mevk6zr Here's when Omoni Oboli's new film will be released in cinemas], ''Pulse Nigeria''</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20201101100048/https://www.sceneone.tv/ Scene One] Film Production. <ref name="TheNet">Mosope Olumide, September 14, 2018 [http://thenet.ng/poverty-and-failure-funke-akindele-reveals-her-greatest-fears-in-life/ Poverty And Failure: Funke Akindele Reveals Her Greatest Fears In Life], ''[[The Net (website)|The Net]]''</ref> O mere ihe nler site ituziaka aka na ihe nkiri bụ ''your Excellency na 2019''. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/your-excellency-funke-akindeles-directorial-debut-makes-n175-million-in-2-days/qw46jqh|title=‘Your Excellency’: Funke Akindele’s directorial debut makes N17.5 million in 2 days|date=2019-12-17|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-11-09|archivedate=2020-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103034211/https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/your-excellency-funke-akindeles-directorial-debut-makes-n175-million-in-2-days/qw46jqh}}</ref> == Èbùmnúchè ebere == Funke Akindele na-ahụ maka otu na-abụghị nke gọọmenti hiwere amaara dịka Jenifa Foundation, nke ebumnuche ya bụ iji nye ndị ntorobịa ọrụ. == Nkwenye Nnọchiteanya == Funke Akindele nwere nkwado dị ka edebanyere aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nke Dettol . Funke Akindele nwere nkwado dị iche iche dịka itinyere ya aka n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nke Irokotv . edebanyere aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchianya nke Keystone Bank na afọ 2018 <ref name="Vangaurd">August 27, 2018 [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/08/keystone-bank-signs-actress-funke-akindele-as-brand-ambassador/ Keystone Bank signs Actress, Funke Akindele as brand ambassador], ''[[Vanguard Nigeria]]''</ref> Na Nọvemba 2019, ọ binyere aka na nkwado Waw Nigeria, ụlọ ọrụ na-arụpụta ncha. <ref name="The Nation">November 6,2019, "[[The Nation]]"</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Na May 26, 2012, Akindele lụrụ Adeola Kehinde Oloyede. <ref name="Bellanija">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/05/bn-exclusive-its-official-jenifa-star-funke-akindele-is-a-married-woman-photos-details-of-the-beautiful-union-with-her-beau-kehinde-oloyede-only-on-bn/|title=BN Exclusive: It’s Official, "Jenifa" Star Funke Akindele is a Married Woman! Photos & Details of the Beautiful Union with Her Beau Kehinde Oloyede Only On BN|author=|date=|work=bellanaija.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Di na nwunye ahụ gbara alụkwaghịm na July 2013, na-ekwu maka esemokwu na-enweghị ntinye ọnụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/funke-akindele-yes-my-marriage-has-crashed-nollywood-star-confirms-split-read-the-official-statement-her-recent-interview/|title=Funke Akindele: "Yes, My Marriage has Crashed" - Nollywood Star confirms Split – Read the Official Statement + Her Recent Interview|author=|date=|work=bellanaija.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Akindele lụrụ onye egwu Naịjirịa bụ JJC Skillz na London na Mee 2016. <ref>[http://sunnewsonline.com/marriage-to-funke-akindele-jjc-breaks-silence/ Marriage</ref> ọ̀tụ́tụ́ akụkọ kọrọ maka afọ ime ya so na nsonaazụ ọchụchọ kachasị na nchọgharị ọchụchọ Google na August 2017. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/funke-akindeles-pregnancy-jamb-dominate-google-searches/</ref> Akindele mụrụ ụmụ nwoke ejima na Disemba 2018 ma nwee ọtụtụ ụmụ Dị ya mụtara na mbụ <ref>http://dailypost.ng/2017/08/02/jjc-reveals-convinced-marry-funke-akindele/</ref> <ref name="Post">Fikayo Olowolagba, December 22, 2018. [http://dailypost.ng/2018/12/22/funke-akindele-welcomes-first-child-despite-pastors-prophecy/ Nollywood actress, Funke Akindele defies prophecy, welcomes twins], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)Daily Post]]''</ref> <ref name="Legit">Seun Durojaiye, January 2019 [https://www.legit.ng/1215098-actress-funke-akindele-stuns-native-owambe-outfit.html Actress Funke Akindele stuns in native owambe outfit], ''[[Legit.ng]]''</ref> == Arụmarụ == N’ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, e jidere Akindele ma bo ya ebubo n’ụlọ ikpe mgbe ha mechara nnọkọ ncheta ọmụmụ iji kwanyere di ya ugwu n’oge mkpọchi igbochi ọrịa koronaviros. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-04-06|title=Nigerian actress fined over lockdown party|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52174832|accessdate=2020-05-25}}</ref>. O mechara pụta na ihe nkiri video Nigeria center for Disease Control iji mee ka a mata banyere koronavirus. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Nigerian actress Funke Akindele arrested for Lagos party amid lockdown|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52174832|accessdate=6 April 2020|date=6 April 2020}}</ref> A mara onye omee ahụ na di ya ikpe ị́rụ́ ọrụ obodo mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri na anọ mgbe ha kwuchara na ha dara iwu megidere mkpọchi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fellowpress.com/g-news/news/68807/coronavirus-funke-akindele-husband-sentenced-to-community-service/|title=Coronavirus: Funke Akindele, husband sentenced to community service|date=2020-04-07|accessdate=2020-04-07|archivedate=2020-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522095702/https://fellowpress.com/g-news/news/68807/coronavirus-funke-akindele-husband-sentenced-to-community-service/}}</ref> == Ńghọ̀tá Ihe nkiri ọ́ nọ̀ == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * My siblings and I *''[[Jenifa]]'' *''[[Jenifa's Diary]]'' *''[[Your Excellency (film)|Your Excellency]]'' *''[[Maami]]'' *''Industreet'' *''[[A Trip to Jamaica]]'' *''[[The Return of Jenifa|Return of Jenifa]]'' *''[[Isoken]]'' *''[[Moms at War]]'' *''[[Chief Daddy]]'' *''[[Omo Ghetto]]'' *''[[Married but Living Single]]'' *''Apaadi'' *''Emi Abata'' *''Love Wahala'' *''Ladies Gang'' *''Anointed Liars'' *''Bolode O'ku'' *''Farayola'' *''Ija Ola'' *''Aje Metta'' *''Apoti Orogun'' *''Atanpako Meta'' *''Kakaki 'leku'' *''Omo Pupa'' *''Taiwo Taiwo'' *''Akandun'' *''Baye se Nlo'' *''Edunjobi'' *''Egun'' *''Maku'' *''Oba Irawo'' *''Okun Ife Yi'' *''Agbefo'' *''Kòséfowórà'' *''Odun Baku'' *''Oreke Mulero'' *''Osuwon Edaf'' {{div col end}}My siblings and I Jenifa Jenifa's Diary Your Excellency Maami Industreet A Trip to jamaica Return of Jenifa Isoken Mom's at war Chief Daddy Omo ghetto Married but living single Apaadi Emi Abata Love wahala Ladies gang Anionted liars Bolide O'ku Farayola ija ola Aje metta Apoti orogun Kakaki 'leku Omo pupa Taiwo Taiwo Akandun Baye de Nlo Edunjobi Egun Maku Ọbá irawo Ọkụ ife yi Agbefo Kòséfowórà Ọdụm bako Otele mulero Osuson Edaf {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Mmemme ! Nrite ! Ọrụ ! Nsonaazụ |- | rowspan="2" | 2009 | Afrika Movie Academy Award | Onye Ndu Nwanyị Kacha Mma | rowspan="" ||{{won}} |- | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ Naịjirịa nke 2009 | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Jenifa'' |{{won}} |- | 2010 | Onyinye Nollywood nke 2010 | Nwanyị Kacha Mma N’ebe Nduzi (Yoruba) | ''Oguni Aiku''|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" | 2012 | Onyinye nturu ugo nke 2012 Nigeria | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Troj'' |{{won}} |- | Nollywood Movies Awards | Nwanyị kacha mma (Indmụ amaala) | ''Emi Abata'' |{{won}} |- | Ihe onyinye 2012 Nollywood kacha mma | Onye kacha mma (English) | ''Di na Nwaanyị Ma Living Na-alụghị Di Ma Ọ Bụ Nwunye'' |{{nom}} |- | Zulu African Film Academy Awards | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Maami'' na ''Nlaghachi nke Jenifa''|{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | rowspan="2" | Nollywood Movies Awards | Nwanyị Kacha Mma (Na-eduga Ọrụ) | rowspan="2" | ''Maami'' |{{nom}} |- | Nwanyị kacha mma (Indmụ amaala)|{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ 2014 Nigeria | Nwanyị Kacha Mma (Na-eduga Ọrụ) | ''Agnetta O'Mpa'' |{{won}} |- | Afrịka Ime Anwansi Anwansi ahọrọ Nhọrọ | Nwanyị kacha mma (ọchị) | ''Nloghachi nke Sheri Koko'' |{{won}} |- | ELOY Awards | Brand Brand nke Afọ | Omo |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/lifestyle/omoni-oboli-funke-akindele-omawumi-all-the-winners-from-the-2014-eloy-awards-id3316786.html |title=Omoni Oboli, Funke Akindele, Omawumi: All the winners from the 2014 ELOY awards - Lifestyle - Pulse |language=de |publisher=Pulse.ng |date=2014-12-01 |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2016-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183558/http://pulse.ng/lifestyle/omoni-oboli-funke-akindele-omawumi-all-the-winners-from-the-2014-eloy-awards-id3316786.html }}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" | 2016 | Ihe Nlere Anya n'Africa 2016 Afrika | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe nkiri | rowspan="4" | ''Akwụkwọ Jenifa'' |{{won}} |- | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ Naịjirịa | Best Omee usoro |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | Naija FM onyinye | Sitcom Nke Afọ |{{won}} |- | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe ọchị |{{won}} |- | Ihe Nlegha Anya Ochie nke Afrika | Nwanyị kacha mma n'afọ ||{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aelaawards.com/poll-survey/ |title=Winners List - Ael Awards (Aela) |publisher=Aelaawards.com |date= |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2018-08-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813222709/http://aelaawards.com/poll-survey/ }}</ref> |- | Onyinye Ihe Nkiri 2016 Ghana Ghana | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'Africa | ''Njem njem na Jamaica'' |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-movie-awards-2016-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-african-collaboration-id5895546.html |title=Ghana Movie Awards 2016: Funke Akindele wins best actress African collaboration - Movies - Pulse |language=de |publisher=Pulse.ng |date= |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2016-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183556/http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-movie-awards-2016-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-african-collaboration-id5895546.html }}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" | 2017 | rowspan="3" | Ihe nhota ndi Afrika Magic Magic 2017 | Usoro TV kacha mma | rowspan="2" | ''Akwụkwọ Jenifa'' |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2017/03/amvca-2017-see-full-list-winners/|title=AMVCA 2017: See the full list of winners|publisher=The NET |author=Adeleke Afolayan|date=4 March 2017}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | Nwanyị kacha mma na Comedy Movie ma ọ bụ TV |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/amvca-2017-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-in-a-comedy-id6318252.html|title=Funke Akindele wins Best Actress in a Comedy|publisher=Pulse.Ng|author=Chidumga Izuzu|date=4 March 2017|accessdate=9 November 2020|archivedate=10 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810180902/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/amvca-2017-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-in-a-comedy-id6318252.html}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | ''Njem njem na Jamaica'' |{{nom}} |- | Onyinye onyinye 2017 Nigeria Entertainment | Onye Ndu Nwanyị Kacha Mma |{{won}} |- | 2020 | Afrịka Ime Anwansi Anwansi ahọrọ Nhọrọ | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe ọchị | Ndị Nne Na Agha | Imeri |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} svyjf8p9txgjir51aj8cacbaxe3otp1 692107 692106 2026-07-29T17:47:29Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ńghọ̀tá Ihe nkiri ọ́ nọ̀ */ ce 692107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Akindele-Bello Olufunke Ayotunde'''<ref name="vanguard">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/01/i-didnt-snatch-anybodys-husband-funke-akindele/|title=I didn’t snatch anybody’s husband – Funke Akindele|accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref> (ónyé amaara dị́ ka Funke '''Akindele /Jenifa''')<ref name="olufunkeakindele.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.olufunkeakindele.com/about-funke-akindele/|title=About |accessdate=8 October 2016|archivedate=21 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021201726/http://www.olufunkeakindele.com/about-funke-akindele/}}</ref> bụ ónyé n'eme ihe nkiri ma na-arụ́pụ̀tákwa ihe nkiri. Funke gosipụ̀tara na emume sitcom ''I Need to Know'' site áfọ̀ 1998 ruo 2002, n'áfọ̀ 2009 ọ̀ nwetara awọdụ na Africa Movie Academy Award màkà ngósìpụ̀tà ézígbò ákpárámàgwà nlégárá ányā n'éjìjé<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2009|accessdate=1 March 2011|archivedate=5 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405090903/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009}}</ref> ọ́ nọ̀ dịka onye ánà-èlégárá ányá n'éjìjé ''Jenifa's Diary'',<ref name="PulseJenifa">{{Cite web|title="Jenifa's Diary" Watch Funke Akindele in season 4 trailer|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/jenifas-diary-watch-funke-akindele-in-season-4-trailer-id4609524.html|accessdate=28 January 2016|archivedate=24 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824180655/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/jenifas-diary-watch-funke-akindele-in-season-4-trailer-id4609524.html}}</ref> nke akpọ́pụ̀tàrà ya dịka nwanyị kachasị n'éjìjé egwuregwu/ị́kpā ọ́chị̀ [[Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards]]. == Mmàlíté ńdụ̀ nà mmụ̀tá == Á mụrụ Akindele n'ọ́nwá ọgọọs 24, 1977, na Ikorodu, [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos State]], Naijiria. <ref name="Origin">Olivia Kabir, January 2019 [https://www.legit.ng/1215364-funke-akindeles-state-origin.html Funke Akindele's state of origin Read more: https://www.legit.ng/1215364-funke-akindeles-state-origin.html], ''[[Legit.ng]]''</ref> Funke bụ nwa abụọ n'ime ụmụ atọ (ụmụ nwanyị abụọ na otu nwoke). Nne Akindele bụ̀ onye dibị̀a bekee ebe nna ya bụ̀ onye isi ụ́lọ̀ akwụkwọ ndị sekọ́ndị̀rị̀ lagoro ezumike ńkā. <ref name="olufunkeakindele.com"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/529267-10-things-need-know-funke-akindele.html|title=10 Things You Need To Know About Funke Akindele ▷ NAIJ.COM|author=Bodunrin|date=|work=naij.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Funke nwetara asambodo National Diploma (OND) na Mass Communication site na ụlọakwụkwọ bụbụrụ Ogun State Polytechnic,bụzi Moshood Abiola ugbu a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unilag.edu.ng/|title=Unilag Home|work=University of Lagos|accessdate=2020-01-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Birthday Shout! Celebrating versatile screen diva Funke Akindele aka Jenifa|url=https://www.happenings.com.ng/lifestyle/2016/08/24/birthday-shout-celebrating-versatile-screen-diva-funke-akindele-aka-jenifa|author=Williams|work=Happenings Media|accessdate=2020-05-25|archivedate=2020-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019150439/https://www.happenings.com.ng/lifestyle/2016/08/24/birthday-shout-celebrating-versatile-screen-diva-funke-akindele-aka-jenifa}}</ref> <ref name="ghanaweb1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Nollywood-s-Funke-Akindele-turns-40-years-today-464762|title=Nollywood's Funke Akindele turns 40 years today|date=2016-08-24|accessdate=2020-04-05}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Akindele bụ̀ụ̀rụ̀ onye ámà ama mgbe ó gósìpụ̀tàra ònwé ya na United Nations Population Fund ( UNFPA ) nke na-akwado sitcom/Need to know, nke malitere site na 1998 ruo 2002. Funke zàrà Bisi, ma gosipụta ákpárámàgwà nwa akwụkwọ sekọndrị nwere ọgụgụ isi ma nwee ọ̀nụ̀nụ̀ ọ́kụ́ n'obi.Funke Akindele chawapụtara na 2008 mgbe ọ pụtara n'ihe nkiri ''Jenifa'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch: Funke Akindele – My Best Friend Can Only Call My Husband On His Birthday|url=https://guardian.ng/life/funke-akindele-says-friends-not-allowed-to-call-her-husband/|last=Akindele|first=Funke|date=|accessdate=2020-11-09|archivedate=2020-11-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102195839/https://guardian.ng/life/funke-akindele-says-friends-not-allowed-to-call-her-husband/}}</ref> <ref name="ghanaweb1"/> Na Jenụwarị 2018, enwere esemokwu mgbe a kọrọ na Akindele ga-enweta ya Hollywood izizi na Marvel's ''Avengers: Infinity War'' dịka e depụtara ya dịka onye so na IMDb .Onye Ọrụ nta akụkọ ndị mainstream nke Naịjirịa kwuru na ọ jikerela ichawapụta na ''infinity War'' dị ka onye nche Dora Milaje, na-akowa IMDb. <ref name="Sun">January 11, 2018 [https://www.sunnewsonline.com/funke-akindele-to-star-in-hollywood-movie-avengers-infinity-war/ Funke Akindele to star in Hollywood movie “Avengers: Infinity War”], ''[[The Sun (Nigeria)|Sun News]]''</ref> Izu ole na ole ka nke ahụ gasịrị, e dochiri aha onye otu nwanyị na-eme ihe nkiri na Naịjirịa bụ [[Genevieve Nnaji]], <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/01/whats-story-funke-akindele-bello-genevieve-nnaji-avengers-infinity-war/|title=What's the Story on Funke Akindele Bello, Genevieve Nnaji & "Avengers: Infinity War"?|date=2018-01-15}}</ref> na ntinye nke Akindele gosiri na ọ bụ mbanye anataghị ikike. <ref name="Freeze">Nsikak Nseyen, January 16, 2018 [http://dailypost.ng/2018/01/16/hackers-uploaded-funke-akindeles-photo-avengers-cast-freeze/ How hackers uploaded Funke Akindele’s photo as Avenger’s cast – Freeze], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]''</ref> Na February 2018, a kọrọ na Onye isi oche Senate na Onye isi oche nke National Assembly, Dr Bukola Saraki gwara ndị Marvel Studios ka ha gosipụta Akindele na ''Infinity War.'' <ref name="AkindelePost">Nasikak Nseye, February 5, 2018[http://dailypost.ng/2018/02/05/avengers-infinity-war-saraki-makes-case-actress-funke-akindele/ ‘Avengers Infinity War’: Saraki makes case for actress, Funke Akindele], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]''</ref> N’ọnwa Julaị 2016, n’ajụjụ ọnụ o kwuru na ya anaghị eme ọtụtụ ihe nkiri n’ụlọ ọrụ ndị Yoruba n’oge ahụ n’ihi ịzonari ụfọdụ ihe. <ref name="Cable">July 18, 2016 [https://www.thecable.ng/funke-akindele-im-not-producing-yoruba-movies-now Funke Akindele: I’m not producing Yoruba movies for now], ''[[The Cable]]''</ref> Akindele bụ ísí ahụrụ kwawa okpu n'ihe nkiri na-aga n'ihu bụ ''Jenifa Diary'', gbakwunyere Fisayo Ajisola, Falz, Juliana Olayode, na Aderounmu Adejumoke . Ihe ngosi a na - emetụta ụfọdụ ngalaba ihe nkiri ''Jenifa'' . <ref name="PulseJenifa"/> Ihe Nkiri egwu/ịkpa ọchị 2018 bụ ''moms at war gósìpûtàwanyere'' Akindele na Michelle Dede . N’ọnwa Julaị 2019, Akindele bidoro usoro intanetị ọhụrụ ọ kpọrọ Aiyetoro ''Town'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/aiyetoro-town-jenifas-diary-spinoff-from-funke-akindele-is-hilarious/19k58np|title=Aiyetoro town: Funke Akindele has kicked off ‘Jenifa’s Diary’ spinoff, and it’s hilarious|date=2019-07-10|accessdate=2020-02-15}}</ref> nke na-esite na nsonye TV ya ama ama, ''Jenifa’s Diary.'' <ref name="Pulse">July 24, 2018 [https://web.archive.org/web/20190424041723/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/moms-at-war-heres-when-omoni-obolis-new-film-will-be-released-in-cinemas/mevk6zr Here's when Omoni Oboli's new film will be released in cinemas], ''Pulse Nigeria''</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20201101100048/https://www.sceneone.tv/ Scene One] Film Production. <ref name="TheNet">Mosope Olumide, September 14, 2018 [http://thenet.ng/poverty-and-failure-funke-akindele-reveals-her-greatest-fears-in-life/ Poverty And Failure: Funke Akindele Reveals Her Greatest Fears In Life], ''[[The Net (website)|The Net]]''</ref> O mere ihe nler site ituziaka aka na ihe nkiri bụ ''your Excellency na 2019''. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/your-excellency-funke-akindeles-directorial-debut-makes-n175-million-in-2-days/qw46jqh|title=‘Your Excellency’: Funke Akindele’s directorial debut makes N17.5 million in 2 days|date=2019-12-17|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-11-09|archivedate=2020-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103034211/https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/your-excellency-funke-akindeles-directorial-debut-makes-n175-million-in-2-days/qw46jqh}}</ref> == Èbùmnúchè ebere == Funke Akindele na-ahụ maka otu na-abụghị nke gọọmenti hiwere amaara dịka Jenifa Foundation, nke ebumnuche ya bụ iji nye ndị ntorobịa ọrụ. == Nkwenye Nnọchiteanya == Funke Akindele nwere nkwado dị ka edebanyere aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nke Dettol . Funke Akindele nwere nkwado dị iche iche dịka itinyere ya aka n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nke Irokotv . edebanyere aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchianya nke Keystone Bank na afọ 2018 <ref name="Vangaurd">August 27, 2018 [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/08/keystone-bank-signs-actress-funke-akindele-as-brand-ambassador/ Keystone Bank signs Actress, Funke Akindele as brand ambassador], ''[[Vanguard Nigeria]]''</ref> Na Nọvemba 2019, ọ binyere aka na nkwado Waw Nigeria, ụlọ ọrụ na-arụpụta ncha. <ref name="The Nation">November 6,2019, "[[The Nation]]"</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Na May 26, 2012, Akindele lụrụ Adeola Kehinde Oloyede. <ref name="Bellanija">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/05/bn-exclusive-its-official-jenifa-star-funke-akindele-is-a-married-woman-photos-details-of-the-beautiful-union-with-her-beau-kehinde-oloyede-only-on-bn/|title=BN Exclusive: It’s Official, "Jenifa" Star Funke Akindele is a Married Woman! Photos & Details of the Beautiful Union with Her Beau Kehinde Oloyede Only On BN|author=|date=|work=bellanaija.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Di na nwunye ahụ gbara alụkwaghịm na July 2013, na-ekwu maka esemokwu na-enweghị ntinye ọnụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/funke-akindele-yes-my-marriage-has-crashed-nollywood-star-confirms-split-read-the-official-statement-her-recent-interview/|title=Funke Akindele: "Yes, My Marriage has Crashed" - Nollywood Star confirms Split – Read the Official Statement + Her Recent Interview|author=|date=|work=bellanaija.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Akindele lụrụ onye egwu Naịjirịa bụ JJC Skillz na London na Mee 2016. <ref>[http://sunnewsonline.com/marriage-to-funke-akindele-jjc-breaks-silence/ Marriage</ref> ọ̀tụ́tụ́ akụkọ kọrọ maka afọ ime ya so na nsonaazụ ọchụchọ kachasị na nchọgharị ọchụchọ Google na August 2017. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/funke-akindeles-pregnancy-jamb-dominate-google-searches/</ref> Akindele mụrụ ụmụ nwoke ejima na Disemba 2018 ma nwee ọtụtụ ụmụ Dị ya mụtara na mbụ <ref>http://dailypost.ng/2017/08/02/jjc-reveals-convinced-marry-funke-akindele/</ref> <ref name="Post">Fikayo Olowolagba, December 22, 2018. [http://dailypost.ng/2018/12/22/funke-akindele-welcomes-first-child-despite-pastors-prophecy/ Nollywood actress, Funke Akindele defies prophecy, welcomes twins], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)Daily Post]]''</ref> <ref name="Legit">Seun Durojaiye, January 2019 [https://www.legit.ng/1215098-actress-funke-akindele-stuns-native-owambe-outfit.html Actress Funke Akindele stuns in native owambe outfit], ''[[Legit.ng]]''</ref> == Arụmarụ == N’ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, e jidere Akindele ma bo ya ebubo n’ụlọ ikpe mgbe ha mechara nnọkọ ncheta ọmụmụ iji kwanyere di ya ugwu n’oge mkpọchi igbochi ọrịa koronaviros. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-04-06|title=Nigerian actress fined over lockdown party|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52174832|accessdate=2020-05-25}}</ref>. O mechara pụta na ihe nkiri video Nigeria center for Disease Control iji mee ka a mata banyere koronavirus. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Nigerian actress Funke Akindele arrested for Lagos party amid lockdown|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52174832|accessdate=6 April 2020|date=6 April 2020}}</ref> A mara onye omee ahụ na di ya ikpe ị́rụ́ ọrụ obodo mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri na anọ mgbe ha kwuchara na ha dara iwu megidere mkpọchi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fellowpress.com/g-news/news/68807/coronavirus-funke-akindele-husband-sentenced-to-community-service/|title=Coronavirus: Funke Akindele, husband sentenced to community service|date=2020-04-07|accessdate=2020-04-07|archivedate=2020-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522095702/https://fellowpress.com/g-news/news/68807/coronavirus-funke-akindele-husband-sentenced-to-community-service/}}</ref> == Ńghọ̀tá Ihe nkiri ọ́ nọ̀ == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * My siblings and I *''[[Jenifa]]'' *''[[Jenifa's Diary]]'' *''[[Your Excellency (film)|Your Excellency]]'' *''[[Maami]]'' *''Industreet'' *''[[A Trip to Jamaica]]'' *''[[The Return of Jenifa|Return of Jenifa]]'' *''[[Isoken]]'' *''[[Moms at War]]'' *''[[Chief Daddy]]'' *''[[Omo Ghetto]]'' *''[[Married but Living Single]]'' *''Apaadi'' *''Emi Abata'' *''Love Wahala'' *''Ladies Gang'' *''Anointed Liars'' *''Bolode O'ku'' *''Farayola'' *''Ija Ola'' *''Aje Metta'' *''Apoti Orogun'' *''Atanpako Meta'' *''Kakaki 'leku'' *''Omo Pupa'' *''Taiwo Taiwo'' *''Akandun'' *''Baye se Nlo'' *''Edunjobi'' *''Egun'' *''Maku'' *''Oba Irawo'' *''Okun Ife Yi'' *''Agbefo'' *''Kòséfowórà'' *''Odun Baku'' *''Oreke Mulero'' *''Osuwon Edaf'' {{div col end}}My siblings and I Jenifa Jenifa's Diary Your Excellency Maami Industreet A Trip to jamaica Return of Jenifa Isoken Mom's at war Chief Daddy Omo ghetto Married but living single Apaadi Emi Abata Love wahala Ladies gang Anionted liars Bolide O'ku Farayola ija ola Aje metta Apoti orogun Kakaki 'leku Omo pupa Taiwo Taiwo Akandun Baye de Nlo Edunjobi Egun Maku Ọbá irawo Ọkụ ife yi Agbefo Kòséfowórà Ọdụm bako Otele mulero Osuson Edaf == Ihe nrite == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Mmemme ! Nrite ! Ọrụ ! Nsonaazụ |- | rowspan="2" | 2009 | Afrika Movie Academy Award | Onye Ndu Nwanyị Kacha Mma | rowspan="" ||{{won}} |- | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ Naịjirịa nke 2009 | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Jenifa'' |{{won}} |- | 2010 | Onyinye Nollywood nke 2010 | Nwanyị Kacha Mma N’ebe Nduzi (Yoruba) | ''Oguni Aiku''|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" | 2012 | Onyinye nturu ugo nke 2012 Nigeria | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Troj'' |{{won}} |- | Nollywood Movies Awards | Nwanyị kacha mma (Indmụ amaala) | ''Emi Abata'' |{{won}} |- | Ihe onyinye 2012 Nollywood kacha mma | Onye kacha mma (English) | ''Di na Nwaanyị Ma Living Na-alụghị Di Ma Ọ Bụ Nwunye'' |{{nom}} |- | Zulu African Film Academy Awards | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Maami'' na ''Nlaghachi nke Jenifa''|{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | rowspan="2" | Nollywood Movies Awards | Nwanyị Kacha Mma (Na-eduga Ọrụ) | rowspan="2" | ''Maami'' |{{nom}} |- | Nwanyị kacha mma (Indmụ amaala)|{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ 2014 Nigeria | Nwanyị Kacha Mma (Na-eduga Ọrụ) | ''Agnetta O'Mpa'' |{{won}} |- | Afrịka Ime Anwansi Anwansi ahọrọ Nhọrọ | Nwanyị kacha mma (ọchị) | ''Nloghachi nke Sheri Koko'' |{{won}} |- | ELOY Awards | Brand Brand nke Afọ | Omo |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/lifestyle/omoni-oboli-funke-akindele-omawumi-all-the-winners-from-the-2014-eloy-awards-id3316786.html |title=Omoni Oboli, Funke Akindele, Omawumi: All the winners from the 2014 ELOY awards - Lifestyle - Pulse |language=de |publisher=Pulse.ng |date=2014-12-01 |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2016-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183558/http://pulse.ng/lifestyle/omoni-oboli-funke-akindele-omawumi-all-the-winners-from-the-2014-eloy-awards-id3316786.html }}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" | 2016 | Ihe Nlere Anya n'Africa 2016 Afrika | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe nkiri | rowspan="4" | ''Akwụkwọ Jenifa'' |{{won}} |- | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ Naịjirịa | Best Omee usoro |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | Naija FM onyinye | Sitcom Nke Afọ |{{won}} |- | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe ọchị |{{won}} |- | Ihe Nlegha Anya Ochie nke Afrika | Nwanyị kacha mma n'afọ ||{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aelaawards.com/poll-survey/ |title=Winners List - Ael Awards (Aela) |publisher=Aelaawards.com |date= |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2018-08-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813222709/http://aelaawards.com/poll-survey/ }}</ref> |- | Onyinye Ihe Nkiri 2016 Ghana Ghana | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'Africa | ''Njem njem na Jamaica'' |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-movie-awards-2016-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-african-collaboration-id5895546.html |title=Ghana Movie Awards 2016: Funke Akindele wins best actress African collaboration - Movies - Pulse |language=de |publisher=Pulse.ng |date= |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2016-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183556/http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-movie-awards-2016-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-african-collaboration-id5895546.html }}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" | 2017 | rowspan="3" | Ihe nhota ndi Afrika Magic Magic 2017 | Usoro TV kacha mma | rowspan="2" | ''Akwụkwọ Jenifa'' |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2017/03/amvca-2017-see-full-list-winners/|title=AMVCA 2017: See the full list of winners|publisher=The NET |author=Adeleke Afolayan|date=4 March 2017}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | Nwanyị kacha mma na Comedy Movie ma ọ bụ TV |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/amvca-2017-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-in-a-comedy-id6318252.html|title=Funke Akindele wins Best Actress in a Comedy|publisher=Pulse.Ng|author=Chidumga Izuzu|date=4 March 2017|accessdate=9 November 2020|archivedate=10 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810180902/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/amvca-2017-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-in-a-comedy-id6318252.html}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | ''Njem njem na Jamaica'' |{{nom}} |- | Onyinye onyinye 2017 Nigeria Entertainment | Onye Ndu Nwanyị Kacha Mma |{{won}} |- | 2020 | Afrịka Ime Anwansi Anwansi ahọrọ Nhọrọ | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe ọchị | Ndị Nne Na Agha | Imeri |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} olr2hd045gx5lb1lvt7v93p9ndlu4vp 692109 692107 2026-07-29T17:48:32Z SafariScribe 18560 ce 692109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Akindele-Bello Olufunke Ayotunde'''<ref name="vanguard">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/01/i-didnt-snatch-anybodys-husband-funke-akindele/|title=I didn’t snatch anybody’s husband – Funke Akindele|accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref> (ónyé amaara dị́ ka Funke '''Akindele /Jenifa''')<ref name="olufunkeakindele.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.olufunkeakindele.com/about-funke-akindele/|title=About |accessdate=8 October 2016|archivedate=21 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021201726/http://www.olufunkeakindele.com/about-funke-akindele/}}</ref> bụ ónyé n'eme ihe nkiri ma na-arụ́pụ̀tákwa ihe nkiri. Funke gosipụ̀tara na emume sitcom ''I Need to Know'' site áfọ̀ 1998 ruo 2002, n'áfọ̀ 2009 ọ̀ nwetara awọdụ na Africa Movie Academy Award màkà ngósìpụ̀tà ézígbò ákpárámàgwà nlégárá ányā n'éjìjé<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009|title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2009|accessdate=1 March 2011|archivedate=5 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405090903/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009}}</ref> ọ́ nọ̀ dịka onye ánà-èlégárá ányá n'éjìjé ''Jenifa's Diary'',<ref name="PulseJenifa">{{Cite web|title="Jenifa's Diary" Watch Funke Akindele in season 4 trailer|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/jenifas-diary-watch-funke-akindele-in-season-4-trailer-id4609524.html|accessdate=28 January 2016|archivedate=24 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824180655/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/jenifas-diary-watch-funke-akindele-in-season-4-trailer-id4609524.html}}</ref> nke akpọ́pụ̀tàrà ya dịka nwanyị kachasị n'éjìjé egwuregwu/ị́kpā ọ́chị̀ [[Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards]]. == Mmàlíté ńdụ̀ nà mmụ̀tá == Á mụrụ Akindele n'ọ́nwá ọgọọs 24, 1977, na Ikorodu, [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos State]], Naijiria. <ref name="Origin">Olivia Kabir, January 2019 [https://www.legit.ng/1215364-funke-akindeles-state-origin.html Funke Akindele's state of origin Read more: https://www.legit.ng/1215364-funke-akindeles-state-origin.html], ''[[Legit.ng]]''</ref> Funke bụ nwa abụọ n'ime ụmụ atọ (ụmụ nwanyị abụọ na otu nwoke). Nne Akindele bụ̀ onye dibị̀a bekee ebe nna ya bụ̀ onye isi ụ́lọ̀ akwụkwọ ndị sekọ́ndị̀rị̀ lagoro ezumike ńkā. <ref name="olufunkeakindele.com"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/529267-10-things-need-know-funke-akindele.html|title=10 Things You Need To Know About Funke Akindele ▷ NAIJ.COM|author=Bodunrin|date=|work=naij.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Funke nwetara asambodo National Diploma (OND) na Mass Communication site na ụlọakwụkwọ bụbụrụ Ogun State Polytechnic,bụzi Moshood Abiola ugbu a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unilag.edu.ng/|title=Unilag Home|work=University of Lagos|accessdate=2020-01-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Birthday Shout! Celebrating versatile screen diva Funke Akindele aka Jenifa|url=https://www.happenings.com.ng/lifestyle/2016/08/24/birthday-shout-celebrating-versatile-screen-diva-funke-akindele-aka-jenifa|author=Williams|work=Happenings Media|accessdate=2020-05-25|archivedate=2020-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019150439/https://www.happenings.com.ng/lifestyle/2016/08/24/birthday-shout-celebrating-versatile-screen-diva-funke-akindele-aka-jenifa}}</ref> <ref name="ghanaweb1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Nollywood-s-Funke-Akindele-turns-40-years-today-464762|title=Nollywood's Funke Akindele turns 40 years today|date=2016-08-24|accessdate=2020-04-05}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Akindele bụ̀ụ̀rụ̀ onye ámà ama mgbe ó gósìpụ̀tàra ònwé ya na United Nations Population Fund ( UNFPA ) nke na-akwado sitcom/Need to know, nke malitere site na 1998 ruo 2002. Funke zàrà Bisi, ma gosipụta ákpárámàgwà nwa akwụkwọ sekọndrị nwere ọgụgụ isi ma nwee ọ̀nụ̀nụ̀ ọ́kụ́ n'obi.Funke Akindele chawapụtara na 2008 mgbe ọ pụtara n'ihe nkiri ''Jenifa'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch: Funke Akindele – My Best Friend Can Only Call My Husband On His Birthday|url=https://guardian.ng/life/funke-akindele-says-friends-not-allowed-to-call-her-husband/|last=Akindele|first=Funke|date=|accessdate=2020-11-09|archivedate=2020-11-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102195839/https://guardian.ng/life/funke-akindele-says-friends-not-allowed-to-call-her-husband/}}</ref> <ref name="ghanaweb1"/> Na Jenụwarị 2018, enwere esemokwu mgbe a kọrọ na Akindele ga-enweta ya Hollywood izizi na Marvel's ''Avengers: Infinity War'' dịka e depụtara ya dịka onye so na IMDb .Onye Ọrụ nta akụkọ ndị mainstream nke Naịjirịa kwuru na ọ jikerela ichawapụta na ''infinity War'' dị ka onye nche Dora Milaje, na-akowa IMDb. <ref name="Sun">January 11, 2018 [https://www.sunnewsonline.com/funke-akindele-to-star-in-hollywood-movie-avengers-infinity-war/ Funke Akindele to star in Hollywood movie “Avengers: Infinity War”], ''[[The Sun (Nigeria)|Sun News]]''</ref> Izu ole na ole ka nke ahụ gasịrị, e dochiri aha onye otu nwanyị na-eme ihe nkiri na Naịjirịa bụ [[Genevieve Nnaji]], <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/01/whats-story-funke-akindele-bello-genevieve-nnaji-avengers-infinity-war/|title=What's the Story on Funke Akindele Bello, Genevieve Nnaji & "Avengers: Infinity War"?|date=2018-01-15}}</ref> na ntinye nke Akindele gosiri na ọ bụ mbanye anataghị ikike. <ref name="Freeze">Nsikak Nseyen, January 16, 2018 [http://dailypost.ng/2018/01/16/hackers-uploaded-funke-akindeles-photo-avengers-cast-freeze/ How hackers uploaded Funke Akindele’s photo as Avenger’s cast – Freeze], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]''</ref> Na February 2018, a kọrọ na Onye isi oche Senate na Onye isi oche nke National Assembly, Dr Bukola Saraki gwara ndị Marvel Studios ka ha gosipụta Akindele na ''Infinity War.'' <ref name="AkindelePost">Nasikak Nseye, February 5, 2018[http://dailypost.ng/2018/02/05/avengers-infinity-war-saraki-makes-case-actress-funke-akindele/ ‘Avengers Infinity War’: Saraki makes case for actress, Funke Akindele], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]''</ref> N’ọnwa Julaị 2016, n’ajụjụ ọnụ o kwuru na ya anaghị eme ọtụtụ ihe nkiri n’ụlọ ọrụ ndị Yoruba n’oge ahụ n’ihi ịzonari ụfọdụ ihe. <ref name="Cable">July 18, 2016 [https://www.thecable.ng/funke-akindele-im-not-producing-yoruba-movies-now Funke Akindele: I’m not producing Yoruba movies for now], ''[[The Cable]]''</ref> Akindele bụ ísí ahụrụ kwawa okpu n'ihe nkiri na-aga n'ihu bụ ''Jenifa Diary'', gbakwunyere Fisayo Ajisola, Falz, Juliana Olayode, na Aderounmu Adejumoke . Ihe ngosi a na - emetụta ụfọdụ ngalaba ihe nkiri ''Jenifa'' . <ref name="PulseJenifa"/> Ihe Nkiri egwu/ịkpa ọchị 2018 bụ ''moms at war gósìpûtàwanyere'' Akindele na Michelle Dede . N’ọnwa Julaị 2019, Akindele bidoro usoro intanetị ọhụrụ ọ kpọrọ Aiyetoro ''Town'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/aiyetoro-town-jenifas-diary-spinoff-from-funke-akindele-is-hilarious/19k58np|title=Aiyetoro town: Funke Akindele has kicked off ‘Jenifa’s Diary’ spinoff, and it’s hilarious|date=2019-07-10|accessdate=2020-02-15}}</ref> nke na-esite na nsonye TV ya ama ama, ''Jenifa’s Diary.'' <ref name="Pulse">July 24, 2018 [https://web.archive.org/web/20190424041723/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/moms-at-war-heres-when-omoni-obolis-new-film-will-be-released-in-cinemas/mevk6zr Here's when Omoni Oboli's new film will be released in cinemas], ''Pulse Nigeria''</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20201101100048/https://www.sceneone.tv/ Scene One] Film Production. <ref name="TheNet">Mosope Olumide, September 14, 2018 [http://thenet.ng/poverty-and-failure-funke-akindele-reveals-her-greatest-fears-in-life/ Poverty And Failure: Funke Akindele Reveals Her Greatest Fears In Life], ''[[The Net (website)|The Net]]''</ref> O mere ihe nler site ituziaka aka na ihe nkiri bụ ''your Excellency na 2019''. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/your-excellency-funke-akindeles-directorial-debut-makes-n175-million-in-2-days/qw46jqh|title=‘Your Excellency’: Funke Akindele’s directorial debut makes N17.5 million in 2 days|date=2019-12-17|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-11-09|archivedate=2020-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103034211/https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/your-excellency-funke-akindeles-directorial-debut-makes-n175-million-in-2-days/qw46jqh}}</ref> == Nkwenye Nnọchiteanya == Funke Akindele nwere nkwado dị ka edebanyere aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nke Dettol . Funke Akindele nwere nkwado dị iche iche dịka itinyere ya aka n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nke Irokotv . edebanyere aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye nnọchianya nke Keystone Bank na afọ 2018 <ref name="Vangaurd">August 27, 2018 [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/08/keystone-bank-signs-actress-funke-akindele-as-brand-ambassador/ Keystone Bank signs Actress, Funke Akindele as brand ambassador], ''[[Vanguard Nigeria]]''</ref> Na Nọvemba 2019, ọ binyere aka na nkwado Waw Nigeria, ụlọ ọrụ na-arụpụta ncha. <ref name="The Nation">November 6,2019, "[[The Nation]]"</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Na May 26, 2012, Akindele lụrụ Adeola Kehinde Oloyede. <ref name="Bellanija">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/05/bn-exclusive-its-official-jenifa-star-funke-akindele-is-a-married-woman-photos-details-of-the-beautiful-union-with-her-beau-kehinde-oloyede-only-on-bn/|title=BN Exclusive: It’s Official, "Jenifa" Star Funke Akindele is a Married Woman! Photos & Details of the Beautiful Union with Her Beau Kehinde Oloyede Only On BN|author=|date=|work=bellanaija.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Di na nwunye ahụ gbara alụkwaghịm na July 2013, na-ekwu maka esemokwu na-enweghị ntinye ọnụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/funke-akindele-yes-my-marriage-has-crashed-nollywood-star-confirms-split-read-the-official-statement-her-recent-interview/|title=Funke Akindele: "Yes, My Marriage has Crashed" - Nollywood Star confirms Split – Read the Official Statement + Her Recent Interview|author=|date=|work=bellanaija.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Akindele lụrụ onye egwu Naịjirịa bụ JJC Skillz na London na Mee 2016. <ref>[http://sunnewsonline.com/marriage-to-funke-akindele-jjc-breaks-silence/ Marriage</ref> ọ̀tụ́tụ́ akụkọ kọrọ maka afọ ime ya so na nsonaazụ ọchụchọ kachasị na nchọgharị ọchụchọ Google na August 2017. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/funke-akindeles-pregnancy-jamb-dominate-google-searches/</ref> Akindele mụrụ ụmụ nwoke ejima na Disemba 2018 ma nwee ọtụtụ ụmụ Dị ya mụtara na mbụ <ref>http://dailypost.ng/2017/08/02/jjc-reveals-convinced-marry-funke-akindele/</ref> <ref name="Post">Fikayo Olowolagba, December 22, 2018. [http://dailypost.ng/2018/12/22/funke-akindele-welcomes-first-child-despite-pastors-prophecy/ Nollywood actress, Funke Akindele defies prophecy, welcomes twins], ''[[Daily Post (Nigeria)Daily Post]]''</ref> <ref name="Legit">Seun Durojaiye, January 2019 [https://www.legit.ng/1215098-actress-funke-akindele-stuns-native-owambe-outfit.html Actress Funke Akindele stuns in native owambe outfit], ''[[Legit.ng]]''</ref> == Arụmarụ == N’ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, e jidere Akindele ma bo ya ebubo n’ụlọ ikpe mgbe ha mechara nnọkọ ncheta ọmụmụ iji kwanyere di ya ugwu n’oge mkpọchi igbochi ọrịa koronaviros. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-04-06|title=Nigerian actress fined over lockdown party|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52174832|accessdate=2020-05-25}}</ref>. O mechara pụta na ihe nkiri video Nigeria center for Disease Control iji mee ka a mata banyere koronavirus. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Nigerian actress Funke Akindele arrested for Lagos party amid lockdown|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52174832|accessdate=6 April 2020|date=6 April 2020}}</ref> A mara onye omee ahụ na di ya ikpe ị́rụ́ ọrụ obodo mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri na anọ mgbe ha kwuchara na ha dara iwu megidere mkpọchi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fellowpress.com/g-news/news/68807/coronavirus-funke-akindele-husband-sentenced-to-community-service/|title=Coronavirus: Funke Akindele, husband sentenced to community service|date=2020-04-07|accessdate=2020-04-07|archivedate=2020-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522095702/https://fellowpress.com/g-news/news/68807/coronavirus-funke-akindele-husband-sentenced-to-community-service/}}</ref> == Ńghọ̀tá Ihe nkiri ọ́ nọ̀ == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * My siblings and I *''[[Jenifa]]'' *''[[Jenifa's Diary]]'' *''[[Your Excellency (film)|Your Excellency]]'' *''[[Maami]]'' *''Industreet'' *''[[A Trip to Jamaica]]'' *''[[The Return of Jenifa|Return of Jenifa]]'' *''[[Isoken]]'' *''[[Moms at War]]'' *''[[Chief Daddy]]'' *''[[Omo Ghetto]]'' *''[[Married but Living Single]]'' *''Apaadi'' *''Emi Abata'' *''Love Wahala'' *''Ladies Gang'' *''Anointed Liars'' *''Bolode O'ku'' *''Farayola'' *''Ija Ola'' *''Aje Metta'' *''Apoti Orogun'' *''Atanpako Meta'' *''Kakaki 'leku'' *''Omo Pupa'' *''Taiwo Taiwo'' *''Akandun'' *''Baye se Nlo'' *''Edunjobi'' *''Egun'' *''Maku'' *''Oba Irawo'' *''Okun Ife Yi'' *''Agbefo'' *''Kòséfowórà'' *''Odun Baku'' *''Oreke Mulero'' *''Osuwon Edaf'' {{div col end}}My siblings and I Jenifa Jenifa's Diary Your Excellency Maami Industreet A Trip to jamaica Return of Jenifa Isoken Mom's at war Chief Daddy Omo ghetto Married but living single Apaadi Emi Abata Love wahala Ladies gang Anionted liars Bolide O'ku Farayola ija ola Aje metta Apoti orogun Kakaki 'leku Omo pupa Taiwo Taiwo Akandun Baye de Nlo Edunjobi Egun Maku Ọbá irawo Ọkụ ife yi Agbefo Kòséfowórà Ọdụm bako Otele mulero Osuson Edaf == Ihe nrite == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Mmemme ! Nrite ! Ọrụ ! Nsonaazụ |- | rowspan="2" | 2009 | Afrika Movie Academy Award | Onye Ndu Nwanyị Kacha Mma | rowspan="" ||{{won}} |- | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ Naịjirịa nke 2009 | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Jenifa'' |{{won}} |- | 2010 | Onyinye Nollywood nke 2010 | Nwanyị Kacha Mma N’ebe Nduzi (Yoruba) | ''Oguni Aiku''|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" | 2012 | Onyinye nturu ugo nke 2012 Nigeria | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Troj'' |{{won}} |- | Nollywood Movies Awards | Nwanyị kacha mma (Indmụ amaala) | ''Emi Abata'' |{{won}} |- | Ihe onyinye 2012 Nollywood kacha mma | Onye kacha mma (English) | ''Di na Nwaanyị Ma Living Na-alụghị Di Ma Ọ Bụ Nwunye'' |{{nom}} |- | Zulu African Film Academy Awards | Nwanyị kacha mma | ''Maami'' na ''Nlaghachi nke Jenifa''|{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | rowspan="2" | Nollywood Movies Awards | Nwanyị Kacha Mma (Na-eduga Ọrụ) | rowspan="2" | ''Maami'' |{{nom}} |- | Nwanyị kacha mma (Indmụ amaala)|{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ 2014 Nigeria | Nwanyị Kacha Mma (Na-eduga Ọrụ) | ''Agnetta O'Mpa'' |{{won}} |- | Afrịka Ime Anwansi Anwansi ahọrọ Nhọrọ | Nwanyị kacha mma (ọchị) | ''Nloghachi nke Sheri Koko'' |{{won}} |- | ELOY Awards | Brand Brand nke Afọ | Omo |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/lifestyle/omoni-oboli-funke-akindele-omawumi-all-the-winners-from-the-2014-eloy-awards-id3316786.html |title=Omoni Oboli, Funke Akindele, Omawumi: All the winners from the 2014 ELOY awards - Lifestyle - Pulse |language=de |publisher=Pulse.ng |date=2014-12-01 |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2016-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183558/http://pulse.ng/lifestyle/omoni-oboli-funke-akindele-omawumi-all-the-winners-from-the-2014-eloy-awards-id3316786.html }}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" | 2016 | Ihe Nlere Anya n'Africa 2016 Afrika | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe nkiri | rowspan="4" | ''Akwụkwọ Jenifa'' |{{won}} |- | Onyinye Ntụrụndụ Naịjirịa | Best Omee usoro |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | Naija FM onyinye | Sitcom Nke Afọ |{{won}} |- | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe ọchị |{{won}} |- | Ihe Nlegha Anya Ochie nke Afrika | Nwanyị kacha mma n'afọ ||{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aelaawards.com/poll-survey/ |title=Winners List - Ael Awards (Aela) |publisher=Aelaawards.com |date= |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2018-08-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813222709/http://aelaawards.com/poll-survey/ }}</ref> |- | Onyinye Ihe Nkiri 2016 Ghana Ghana | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'Africa | ''Njem njem na Jamaica'' |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-movie-awards-2016-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-african-collaboration-id5895546.html |title=Ghana Movie Awards 2016: Funke Akindele wins best actress African collaboration - Movies - Pulse |language=de |publisher=Pulse.ng |date= |accessdate=2016-12-17 |archivedate=2016-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183556/http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-movie-awards-2016-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-african-collaboration-id5895546.html }}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" | 2017 | rowspan="3" | Ihe nhota ndi Afrika Magic Magic 2017 | Usoro TV kacha mma | rowspan="2" | ''Akwụkwọ Jenifa'' |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2017/03/amvca-2017-see-full-list-winners/|title=AMVCA 2017: See the full list of winners|publisher=The NET |author=Adeleke Afolayan|date=4 March 2017}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | Nwanyị kacha mma na Comedy Movie ma ọ bụ TV |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/amvca-2017-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-in-a-comedy-id6318252.html|title=Funke Akindele wins Best Actress in a Comedy|publisher=Pulse.Ng|author=Chidumga Izuzu|date=4 March 2017|accessdate=9 November 2020|archivedate=10 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810180902/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/amvca-2017-funke-akindele-wins-best-actress-in-a-comedy-id6318252.html}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | ''Njem njem na Jamaica'' |{{nom}} |- | Onyinye onyinye 2017 Nigeria Entertainment | Onye Ndu Nwanyị Kacha Mma |{{won}} |- | 2020 | Afrịka Ime Anwansi Anwansi ahọrọ Nhọrọ | Nwanyị kacha mma na ihe ọchị | Ndị Nne Na Agha | Imeri |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} aklkmdmx5p6o1rvgf6toyehfiet31bq 0 9977 692420 93200 2026-07-29T23:46:07Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox badminton player|name=Fatima Azeez|years_active=|medaltemplates={{MedalSport | Women's [[badminton]] }} {{MedalCountry | {{NGR}} }} {{MedalCompetition|[[Badminton at the African Games|All-Africa Games]]}} {{MedalGold | [[Badminton at the 2011 All-Africa Games|2011 Maputo]] | Mixed team }} {{MedalBronze | [[Badminton at the 2011 All-Africa Games|2011 Maputo]] | Women's doubles }} {{MedalCompetition | [[African Badminton Championships|African Championships]] }} {{MedalSilver | [[2014 African Badminton Championships|2014 Gaborone]] | Mixed team }} {{MedalSilver | [[2013 African Badminton Championships|2013 Rose Hill]] | Mixed team }} {{MedalSilver | [[2012 African Badminton Championships|2012 Addis Ababa]] | Women's singles }} {{MedalSilver | [[2011 African Badminton Championships|2011 Marrakesh]] | Mixed team }} {{MedalBronze | [[2014 African Badminton Championships|2014 Gaborone]] | Women's doubles }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Africa Continental Team Badminton Championships|Africa Team Championships]] }} {{MedalSilver | [[2012 Thomas & Uber Cups Preliminaries for Africa|2012 Addis Ababa]] | Women's team }}|date_of_current_ranking=|current_ranking=|date_of_highest_ranking=|highest_ranking=189 (WS 7 August 2014)<br /> 94 (WD 19 June 2014)<br /> 536 (XD 12 May 2016)|event=Women's singles & doubles|coach=|handedness=|country={{NGR}}|image=|weight=|height=|residence=|birth_place=|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|12|31}}|birth_name=Titilayo Fatima Azeez|nickname=|caption=|size=|bwf_id=4D22B432-039B-4815-A025-0F1D5CCB60D3}} '''Titilayo Fatima Azeez''' onye amụru n'abalị̀ iri atọ na otu n'ime ọnwa Disemba afọ 1992, bụ onye egwuregwu badminton nke [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Players: Fatima Azeez|url=http://bwfbadminton.com/player/81973/fatima-azeez|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]]|accessdate=2 December 2016}}</ref> N’afọ 2010, ó sonyere asọmpi ogo ndị ntorobịa Summer, na Singapore . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Youth Olympics – The Best of the Rest?|url=http://www.badzine.net/2010/08/youth-olympics-the-best-of-the-rest/|publisher=Badzine.net|accessdate=16 January 2018}}</ref> N’afọ 2011, o ritere ọla nchara ọkpụkpụ abụọ ụmụ nwanyị na All-Africa Games na Maputo, Mozambique. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Diários dos X Jogos Africanos: África do Sul e Nigéria repartem Ouro do Badminton|url=http://pda.verdade.co.mz/jogos-africanos/22125-diarios-dos-x-jogos-africanos-africa-do-sul-e-nigeria-repartem-ouro-do-badminton|publisher=@Verdade|accessdate=16 January 2018}}</ref> == Mmezu == === Egwuregwu niile n'Afrika === ''Women's doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Afọ ! Ebe ! Onye Mmekọ ! Onye mmegide ! Akara ! Nsonaazụ |- |- style="background:#FFB069" | align="center" | 2011 | align="left" | Escola Josina Machel,<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Maputo, [[Mozambique]] | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Grace Daniel]] | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Alisen Camille|Camille Allisen]]<br /><br /><br /><br />[[null|link=|border]] [[Cynthia Course|Usoro Cynthia]] | align="left" | 22–24, 15–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[null|link=|Ọla]] '''Ọla''' |} === Asọmpi n'Afrịka === Women's single {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Afọ ! Ebe ! Onye mmegide ! Akara ! Nsonaazụ |- |- style="background:#ECF2FF" | align="center" | 2012 | align="left" | Ratlọ Arat Kilo, [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]] | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Grace Gabriel|Grace Gabriel Ofodile]] | align="left" | 19–21, 21–14, 16–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[null|link=|Silver]] '''Silver''' |} ''Women's doubles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Afọ ! Ebe ! Onye Mmekọ ! Onye mmegide ! Akara ! Nsonaazụ |- style="background:#ECF2FF" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | Ama egwuregwu Lobatse ,<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Gaborone, [[Botswana]] | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Tosin Damilola Atolagbe]] | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Kate Foo Kune]]<br /><br /><br /><br />[[null|link=|border]] [[Yeldi Louison|Yeldy Louison]] | align="left" | 16–21, 23–21, 17–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[null|link=|Ọla]] '''Ọla''' |} === BWF Nsogbu / Usoro === ''Women's singles'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Afọ ! Asọmpi ! Onye mmegide ! Akara ! Nsonaazụ |- |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Nigeria International | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Tosin Damilola Atolagbe]] | align="left" | 21–16, 15–21, 22–20 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[null|link=]] '''Onye mmeri''' |} {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Afọ ! Asọmpi ! Onye Mmekọ ! Onye mmegide ! Akara ! Nsonaazụ |- |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | Nigeria International | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Tosin Damilola Atolagbe|Tosin Atolagbe]] | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Shamim Bangi]]<br /><br /><br /><br />[[null|link=|border]] [[Hadia Hosny]] | align="left" | 5–11, 10–11, 10–11 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[null|link=]] '''Onye na-esote''' |- |- style="background:#D8CEF6" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | Lagos International | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Tosin Damilola Atolagbe|Tosin Atolagbe]] | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Dorcas Ajoke Adesokan|Dorcas Adesokan]]<br /><br /><br /><br />[[null|link=|border]] [[Maria Braimoh]] | align="left" | 19–21, 20–22 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[null|link=]] '''Onye na-esote''' |- |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2014 | align="left" | Uganda International | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Tosin Damilola Atolagbe|Tosin Atolagbe]] | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Dorcas Ajoke Adesokan|Dorcas Adesokan]]<br /><br /><br /><br />[[null|link=|border]] [[Augustina Ebhomien Sunday|Augustina ụbọchị ụka]] | align="left" | 14–21, 21–9, 21–12 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[null|link=]] '''Onye mmeri''' |- |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2013 | align="left" | Nigeria International | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Tosin Damilola Atolagbe|Tosin Atolagbe]] | align="left" |[[null|link=|border]] [[Augustina Ebhomien Sunday|Augustina ụbọchị ụka]]<br /><br /><br /><br />[[null|link=|border]] [[Uchechukwu Deborah Ukeh|Deborah Ukeh]] | align="left" | 18–21, 13–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[null|link=]] '''Onye na-esote''' |} : {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[Nsogbu BWF International|BWF International Challenge]] tournament : {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Usoro|BWF International Series]] tournament : {{Color box|#E9E9E9|border=darkgray}} [[Usoro BWF Ọdịnihu|BWF Future Series]] tournament == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * Fatima Azeez at BWF.tournamentsoftware.com {{DEFAULTSORT:Azeez, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] cc7dcc2pz14dz50rjtcpj0qxhi1jd4w 0 9979 692625 208452 2026-07-30T11:57:05Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Florence Kikelomo Ajayi''' {{Audio|Yo-Florence Kikelomo Ajayi.ogg|Audio}} bụ onye [[Naijiria|na]] - agbachitere '''Naịjirịa eguregwu''' '''bọọlụ''', <ref>[http://olajidefashikun.blogspot.de/2010/09/why-kikelomo-ajayi-will-never-play-for.html WHY KIKELOMO AJAYI WILL NEVER PLAY FOR FALCONS AGAIN]</ref> na-agbakwa '''bọọlụ''' ugbu a na Dínamo Guadalajara na ngalaba nke abụọ nke [[Spain|Spanish]]. <ref>[http://ffemenino.es/noticias-2-division-grupo-7/242-dinamo-guadalajara/1933-el-dinamo-guadalajara-ficha-a-la-nigeriana-kikelomo-ajayi Dínamo Guadalajara signs Nigerian Florence Ajayi.] FFemenino.es, 20 May 2013</ref> == Ọrụ == Ajayi bidoro ọrụ ya na [[:en:Nigerian_Women's_Championship|Nigerian Championship]] maka Koko Queens, Rivers Angels, Jagede Babes na Pelican Stars. Mgbe ọ gbachara 1999 World Cup ọ bịanyere aka na 1.FFC Niederkirchen na [[Jémanị|German]] Bundesliga, ebe ọ nọrọ oge abụọ. Mgbe ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka ndị uwe ojii na Bayelsa Queen ruo n’afọ 2008 mgbe ọ kwagara na Tianjin Teda nke [[:en:China|Chinese]] [[:en:Chinese_Women's_Super_League|Super League]]<nowiki/>na otu [[China|ndị]] Super League . Na 2010, ọ laghachiri na European leagues mgbe otu afọ gachara, nọrọkwa na-egwuri egwu na-aga nke ọma maka Krka Novo Mesto na Slovenia, Pogoń Szczecin na Poland na Dínamo Guadalajara na ọkwa nke Spanish abụọ. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131031185046/http://www.nzs.si/index.php?t=ligeKlubIgralci&l=sl&sifra_kluba=900&sifra_lige=SZNL1112&pageNodeid=989 Statistics] in the [[Slovenian Football Association]]'s website</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/news/2012/07/kikelomo-ajayi-signs-2-years-deal-in-poland|title=Kikelomo Ajayi Signs 2 Years Deal in Poland|accessdate=2020-11-13|archivedate=2013-01-19|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130119153523/http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/news/2012/07/kikelomo-ajayi-signs-2-years-deal-in-poland}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pilkarki.com/letnia-gielda-transferowa/|title=Letnia giełda transferowa|accessdate=2020-11-13|archivedate=2016-03-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327063226/http://pilkarki.com/letnia-gielda-transferowa/}}</ref> == International == Dika otu onye n'ime ndi [[:en:Nigeria_women's_national_football_team|Nigerian national team]], onwetara mmeri ise na African Championship site n’agbata 1998 na 2006, ma sorokwa na 1999 na 2003 World Cups <ref>[https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=181/index.html Statistics] in [[FIFA]]'s website</ref> na 2000 na 2008 <ref>[http://www.2008.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=58738/bio/index.html 2008 Olympics archive] in [[NBC]]'s website</ref> [[:en:Summer_Olympics|Summer Olympics]]. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onyeisi ndị otu egwuregwu umunwanyị nke Nigeria . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120611121035/http://nationalmirroronline.net/sports/sport-new/26230.html Kikelomo Ajayi:Bring Sam Okpodu back to Falcons] [[National Mirror]]</ref> == Ihe odide ala ala peeji == * A–1 FIFA World Cup (including qualifications) and Olympics matches only. == Ntughari == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ajayi, Florence}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ogktrg91y0kjb04d9gd0e600vyxr6po 0 10002 692573 623303 2026-07-30T10:31:44Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Elizabeth Adekogbe | birth_date = {{Birth year|1919}} | death_date = {{Death year and age|1968|1919}} | office = Iyalaje of Ikija | spouse = L. A. G. Adekogbe | alma_mater = [[Yaba College of Technology]] | image = | honorific_prefix = [[Chieftain|Chief]] | education = St Agnes Catholic Training School, [[Yaba College of Technology]] | occupation = [[Nationalist]], [[Politician]], Women's rights leader, traditional aristocrat | death_place = Ibadan }} Chief '''Elizabeth Adekogbe''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Elizabeth Adekogbe.wav|Listen}} (1919-1968) <ref name="Death">{{Cite book|author=Orimoloye|first=S. A.|title=Biographia Nigeriana: a biographical dictionary of eminent Nigerians|publisher=G. K. Hall|year=1977|pages=287|isbn=9780816180493|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uK8ZAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Elizabeth+Adekogbe%22}}</ref> bụ onye Naijiria na-ahụ maka mba, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye ndú na-ahụkarị maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na [[Tribal chief|Onye isi]] ọdịnala. Ọ bụ onye ndú nke [[Ibadan]]-based Women's Movement of Nigeria. N'afọ 1954, òtù ahụ gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Kansụl ụmụ nwanyị nke Naijiria, nke jikọtara ya na Njikọ Nkwado Ụmụ nwanyị na 1959 iji guzobe Kansụl Mba nke Ụmụ nwanyị, otu nrụgide na-achịkwa na njikọ ụmụ nwanyị na Naijiria. == Akụkọ ndụ == === Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ === A mụrụ Adekogbe n'ezinụlọ eze nke Ajaloorun, bụ eze Ijebu-Ife, na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Nigeria na 1919. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na St Agnes Catholic Training School na Yaba College of Technology. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ sonyeere ọrụ gọọmentị wee bụrụ osote onye nyocha ọnụahịa n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.[1] === Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị === E hiwere otu ụmụ nwanyị na Ibadan na 1952. Ebumnuche otu a gụnyere ịhọpụta nhọpụta zuru ụwa ọnụ, ntinye ụmụ nwanyị na kansụl ndị ọchịchị obodo, nhọpụta ndị otu na Ụlọ Nzukọ Ọdịda Anyanwụ, ndebanye aha ụmụ agbọghọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, mbelata ọnụ ahịa ụmụ nwanyị na njikwa ahịa ndị Siria na Lebanon.[1] A na-ejikọta mmegharị ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ na Otu Action[2]. Otú ọ dị, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na otu dị ole na ole tinyere ụmụ nwanyị na ntuli aka gọọmenti etiti n'oge ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ụmụ nwanyị na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na ntuli aka n'oge agha. O yikarịrị ka a na-eji otu ụmụ nwanyị nweta ntuli aka.[3] N'afọ 1953, a kpọrọ nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị na [[Abeokuta]]. Nzukọ ahụ nwere nnukwu òtù ụmụ nwanyị niile dị na mba ahụ. Onye ndú nke nzukọ ahụ, [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]], onye nwere mmasị na National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), kpọrọ ọgbakọ ahụ ''Federation of Nigerian Women's Societies''. Otú ọ dị, e nwere agha nke uche n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị abụọ a ma ama na mgbakọ ahụ: Adekogbe na Kuti. Adekogbe meriri, wee hapụ mgbakọ ahụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ kwadoro njikọ aka ya na ụmụ nwanyị league nke Action Group . === Ndụ onwe onye === Dị ka onye isi nke [[Ndi Yoruba|Ndị Yoruba]] nke ọ nọ na ya, o nwere utu aha nke '''Iyalaje''' nke Ikija. Di ya, L. A. G. Adekogbe, bụ Onye ọrụ gọọmentị. Ọ nwụrụ na Ibadan na 1968.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Awosika|first=Tomisin|date=2022-05-12|title=Elizabeth Adekogbe and the Women’s Movement of Nigeria|url=https://republic.com.ng/april-may-2022/who-was-elizabeth-adekogbe/|accessdate=2023-02-21|work=The Republic|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria nọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchichi]] 13sgxkqdfgfwf570h03fu1q22176nbm 0 10071 692377 211705 2026-07-29T22:08:54Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Farida Mzamber Waziri''' (onye a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 7 n'ọnwa Julai nke afọ 1949) bu onye Naijiriabụ teknokrat, onye mmanye iwu na onye bụbu onye isi oche ndi [[:en:Economic_and_Financial_Crimes_Commission|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] (EFCC) <ref name="efcc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.efccnigeria.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=155&Itemid=64|title=Executive Chairman, EFCC|date=11 June 2008|publisher=Economic and Financial Crimes Commission}}</ref> nke Naijiria. Ọ nọchiri Nuhu Ribadu n'ọkwa a. == Ndabere == A mụrụ Farida Mzamber Waziri n'ụbọchị nke 7 n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1949 ma zụlite ya na Gboko,nke [[Ȯra Benue|Benue Steeti]] . O nwetar nzere bachelọ nke iwu na Mahadum nke Legọs ma nweta nzere masta na Iwu na Lagos State University . N’afọ 1996, o nwetara nzere masta na Strategic Studies na Mahadum nke Ibadan . <ref name="efcc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.efccnigeria.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=155&Itemid=64|title=Executive Chairman, EFCC|date=11 June 2008|publisher=Economic and Financial Crimes Commission}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye dere ''Advance Fee Fraud, National Security and the Law''. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Advance fee fraud: national security and the law|publisher=BookBuilders / Editions Africa}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị uwe ojii == Farida Waziri debara aha na ndị uwe ojii nke Naijiria n'afọ 1965 were rịgoro n'ọkwa osote onye isi ndị uwe ojii. O jibu ọkwa nke osote onye isi ndị uwe ojii (Ọrụ), nnyocha na nhọpụta, osote onye isi ndị uwe ojii CID Alagbon, Legọs, Kọmịshọna ndị uwe ojii, Nchọpụta izugbe na Kọmịshọna ndị uwe ojii na-ahụ maka X-Squad. N'ọkwa ikpeazụ a, ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka ikpe iri ngo na nrụrụ aka n'ime ndị uwe ojii. O jekwara ozi dị ka Kọmishọna ndị uwe ojii (ngalaba aghụghọ pụrụ iche) bụ nke o dere ndekọ ikpe mmeri mbụ maka [[:en:Advance_Fee_Fraud|Advance Fee Fraud]] na Naijiria. <ref name="efcc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.efccnigeria.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=155&Itemid=64|title=Executive Chairman, EFCC|date=11 June 2008|publisher=Economic and Financial Crimes Commission}}</ref> O duru ndị nnọchi anya West Afrịka na Advance Fee Fraud na Lyons,nke Frans n'afọ 1996. O duru ndị nnọchi anya Naijiria gaa Dallas,na Texas maka nzukọ ọmụmụ nke United States Secret Service haziri n'afọ 1998. == Ndụ onwe == Ọ lụrụ Senator Ajuji Waziri, onye bụbu onye nnọchi anya gọọmentị Naijiria na [[Turkéy|Tọki]] nke nwụrụ n'afọ 2017. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Former EFCC boss, Farida Waziri loses husband|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/04/former-efcc-boss-farida-waziri-loses-husband/|accessdate=11 March 2019|publisher=Vanguard Media Limited|date=19 April 2017}}</ref> == Onye isi oche EFCC == Mgbe ndị kọmitii Sineti na-ahụ maka nrụrụ aka na-enyocha ya maka ọrụ EFCC, ọ gọrọ na ya eguzola ka onye nchekwa gọvanọ chịburu Benue Steeti, bụ Sịnetọ George Akume mgbe e boro ya ebubo nrụrụ aka. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200806070116.html|publisher=Leadership (Abuja)|title=Nigeria: EFCC Chair – Farida Will Do Better|date=7 June 2008|accessdate=25 September 2009}}</ref> Onye isi ala [[Umaru Yar'Adua|Umaru Yar'Adua nabatara ya]] dịka onye isi oche EFCC n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2008, ma jụkwa ịnakwere ọkwa ya ahụ ruo mgbe ndị sịneti nabatara ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200805271052.html|publisher=Leadership (Abuja)|title=Nigeria: Senate May Confirm Farida Today|date=27 May 2008|accessdate=25 September 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200805160087.html|publisher=[[Leadership (Abuja)]]|title=Yar'Adua Appoints Farida Waziri EFCC Chairman|date=16 May 2008|accessdate=25 September 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200805300364.html|publisher=[[Leadership (Abuja)]]|title=FG Returns Lamorde to EFCC|date=30 May 2008|accessdate=25 September 2009}}</ref> Nhọpụta n'ọkwa a butere esemokwu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200806240271.html|title=Farida Waziri and the Anti-Graft War|date=23 June 2008|publisher=[[ThisDay]]|accessdate=25 September 2009}}</ref> Obere oge a họpụtachara ya, Waziri nyochara ebe ndị EFCC na-akpọchị ndị mmadụ iji chọpụta ọnọdụ ndị a na-enyocha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200807281401.html|title=Waziri Inspects EFCC's Detention Facilities|date=28 July 2008|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=25 September 2009}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2008, Waziri kwuru na e nweghị ike ịkwado ebubo nrụrụ aka onye bụbu onye isi ala [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] na ụfọdụ ndị bụbụ ndị gọvanọ steeti makana faịlụ ndị ahụ adịghị ma ọ bụ na ha efuola. N’ọnwa Ọgọstụ n’afọ 2008, ndị EFCC nwụchiri onye osote onye isi nke PDP Bode George na Legọs ma kpụpụ ya na mmadụ anọ ndị ọzọ na ebubo 163 eboro ha maka ị gba izu, i nupụrụ iwu isi, i mebi ụlọ ọrụ na ị nye ọrụ kọntraktị ruru ijeri naira 84 n'ụzọ megidere iwu mgbe ọ bụ onye isi oche nke NPA. N’ọnwa Ọktọba afọ 2009, a mara Bode George ikpe ma maa ziga ya mkpọrọ ọnwa 30. N’ọnwa Eprel afọ 2009, Waziri kwuru na ndị EFCC na-akwado ị wepụta onye bụbu Mịnịsta nke Federal Capital Territory bụ Mallam Nasir El-Rufai n’aka Amerịka ka ọ zaa ebubo. O kwukwara na Onyeisiala kwadoro mweghachi nke Nigeria Police Force Insurance Benefits nke so na ijeri naira 17 nke enwetara n'aka onye isi nke ndị uwe ojii bụ Mustafa Adebayo Balogun, n'agbanyeghị na Alhaji Tafa Balogun na-achọ ị weghachita akụ ndị a. O kwuru na ikpe ruru 200 na-echere maka nrụrụ aka, mpụ ego, igwu wayo, mgbochi mmanụ na-akwadoghị na mmebi nke okporo igwe mmanụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200904160365.html|title=EFCC Seeks El-Rufai's Extradition-Tafa Balogun Wants Back Assets|date=16 April 2009|publisher=Daily Trust|accessdate=25 September 2009}}</ref> N’ọnwa Juun afọ 2009, ka ọ na-ekwu okwu na nnọkọ ogbako iji gosi afọ mbụ ya n’ọchịchị, Farida Waziri kwuru na ndị EFCC na-aga n’ihu n’ịgba mbọ iji gbaa ndị bụbu gọvanọ akwụkwọ gụnyere Dọkịnta Peter Odili nke [[Ȯra Rivers|Rivas]] [[Ȯra Rivers|steeti]], Sịnetọ [[Bola Tinubu]] nke [[Ȯra Lagos|Legọs Steeti]], Ayo Fayose nke [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti Steeti]], Joshua Dariye nke [[Ȯra Plateau|Plato Steeti]], Saminu Turaki nke [[Ȯra Jigawa|Jigawa Steeti]], Jolly Nyame nke [[Ȯra Taraba|Taraba Steeti]] na Michael Botmang nke [[Ȯra Plateau|Plato Steeti]] . Ndị ọzọ a na-enyo enyo n'ọkwa dị elu gụnyere Sịnetọ Nicholas Ugbane na onye bụbụ Mịnịsta FCT bụ Nasir El-Rufai. O gosipụtara obi nkoropụ n' igbu oge nke n'ụlọ ikpe n'okwu ndị a. O kwukwara na ya ga-ebido ị gba mgbaba n'ikpe ị nwe akụnụba n'Abuja. Na Mee 2009, e nwere akụkọ banyere mgba Daịrektọ nke Opụreshọns nke EFCC, Maazị Tunde Ogunshaki, bụ onye Waziri chụrụ n'ọrụ, o yiri ka ọ metụtara James Ibori, Atọnị Jenara nke Naijiria, Mike Aondoakaa na Inspekta Jenara nke ndị uwe ojii Mike Mbama Okiro . N’ọnwa Mee kwa, ndị EFCC nwudoro onye isi oche Kọmitii sịneti n'ọkụ, Sịnetọ Nicholas Ugbane, odeakwụkwọ izugbe nke mịnịstịrị na-ehụ maka ọkụ,bụ Alhaji Abdullahi Aliyu na ndị ọzọ, n’ihe gbasara aghụghọ ọrụ ijeri naira 6 maka ọkụ latrik ime obodo. Ka oge na-aga n’afọ ahụ, EFCC nyere ndị isi nke Nigeria Labour Congress ndepụta nke ndị a ma ama dị iri ise na isii bụ ndị Naijiria e boro ebubo na ha nọ na-ezu ego obodo nke ruru ijeri naira 243. == Nchụpụ na ọrụ ngwụcha == Onye isi ala [[Goodluck Jonathan]] wepụrụ Waziri n'ọkwa ya n'ụbọchị nke 23 n'ọnwa Nọvemba afo 2011 were tinye Ibrahim Lamorde n'ụbọchị nke 28 n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2011 ka ọ nọchite anya ya dịka onye isi oche mgbe ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/11/28/farida-waziri-hands-over-to-lamorde/|title=Farida Waziri hands over to Lamorde|work=[[P.M. News]]|date=28 November 2011|accessdate=22 December 2011}}</ref> Nchụpụ ya nwere ike ịbụ maka ebubo na EFCC na-ahọrọ na nyocha ya, ma ọ bụ esemokwu ya na onye ọka ikpe-ukwu na Mịnịsta Ikpe nkwụmọtọ, Mohammed Bello Adoke maka ịkagbu ikpe a kpọtara n'ụlọ ikpe. E boro ebubo na Waziri nwere ike i mebi nyocha nke oshi ego megide onye bụbu gọvanọ nke Bayelsa steeti, Timipreye Sylva <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/11/28/waziri%E2%80%99s-sack-and-the-future-of-efcc/|title=Waziri's Sack and the Future of EFCC|work=[[P.M. News]]|date=28 November 2011|accessdate=22 December 2011}}</ref> N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, dịka ọ dị na ikpe megide onye bụbu gọvanọ [[Ȯra Edo|Edo Steeti]] bụ Lucky Igbinedion, ụlọ ikpe ahụ nyere ntaramahụhụ na- ekwesịghị ekwesị . Mana, ndị EFCC nwere ike i meghe ụzọ maka nkea site na i kwere ị nabata arịrịọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/11/farida-waziri-the-unfinished-business/|title=FARIDA WAZIRI: The unfinished business|date=27 November 2011|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)]]|accessdate=22 December 2011}}</ref> Ka ọ hapụsịrị ọrụ, akụkọ dị na Waziri na-atụle i de akwụkwọ banyere ahụmịhe ya na EFCC. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/12/ex-efcc-chairman-waziri-goes-on-course-in-uk/|title=Ex-EFCC Chairman, Waziri goes on course in UK|date=10 December 2011|work=[[Vanguard Nigeria]]|accessdate=22 December 2011}}</ref> == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Waziri, Farida Mzamber}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Category:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria rụrụ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii]] [[Òtù:Category:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria rụrụ na EFCC]] kc7nm2iwkj6znn3y9nl4wx7dbz3w3hr 0 10075 692417 214609 2026-07-29T23:41:35Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatima Akilu''' bu onye Naijiria bụ '''ọkà mmụta''' n'akparamàgwà mmadụ, bụrụkwa onye na-'''ekwu okwu''' n'ọhaneze n'ihe gbasara Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) and Counter-Terrorism. <ref name="tonyblairfaithfoundation.org">{{Cite web|url=http://tonyblairfaithfoundation.org/sites/default/files/How%20to%20Prevent_Global%20Perspectives%20Vol%202_0.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2020-11-17|archivedate=2017-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521132555/http://tonyblairfaithfoundation.org/sites/default/files/How%20to%20Prevent_Global%20Perspectives%20Vol%202_0.pdf}}</ref> Ọ bụ Ezekutiv Daịrektọ nke Neem Foundation ugbua, <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.neemfoundation.org.ng/staff-profiles/Dr-Fatima-Akilu|title=Dr. Fatima Akilu {{!}} neem}}</ref> na onye bụbu ntụzịaka gbasara nnyocha akparamaagwa na nkwukọrịta okwu n'ụlọ ọrụ nke National Security Adviser na Naịjirịa, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Countering Violence Extremism Programme n'afo 2014. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Global Strategy Network ya na ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ Richard Barrett na ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobalstrategynetwork.org/team/|title=WHO WE ARE|accessdate=2020-11-17|archivedate=2017-10-31|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20171031191701/https://www.theglobalstrategynetwork.org/team/}}</ref> Fatima bụkwa onye na-ede akwụkwọ ụmụaka, yana onye mmekọ nke Women Alliance for Security Leadership (WASL). <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://podbay.fm/show/1117542794/e/1467223200?autostart=1|title=Voice of a Practitioner in Nigeria – Fatima Akilu from On Violent Extremism}}</ref> == Mmalite ndu na mmuta == A mụrụ ya nye Ali Akilu (onye ugwu bụ ode akwụkwọ nwụgoro nke ngwụcha ugwu) na Hajia Astajam. Dr. Akilu gụrụ akwụkwọ na Beechwood Sacred Heart School, Tunbridge Wells . O nwere nzere Ph.D na MRes na Psychology na Mahadum nke Reading, dị na United Kingdom na nzere BA na Bekee na Psychology sitere na Mahadum nke Mount St. Mary (Los Angeles) . <ref name="auto" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201101140331.html|title=Nigeria: Akilu, Waziri-Ibrahim, Araceli Join Leadership|last=|first=|date=14 Jan 2011}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Fatima Akilu bu onye oka mmuta nke NHS na fọrịnzik saịkọlọji, bu onye okacha amara n’agwo ndi dara iwu nwe oria mmepe na oria isi mgbaka, o nwere ihe kariri afọ iri abuo n'ihe gbasara ahụ ike ọgụgụ isi n'akparamagbwa mmadụ. Dịka onye ọrụ ndị ntorobia na Lọndọn, Fatima nyere ndị na-eto eto na-enweghị ebe obibi ndụmọdụ,ma mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị isi mgbaka na Washington ọ dụrụ John Hinckley Jr ndụmọdụ, nwoke ahụ nwara i gbu [[Ronald Reagan]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11644162/Meet-the-former-NHS-psychologist-trying-to-get-inside-the-mind-of-Boko-Haram.html|title=Meet the former NHS psychologist trying to get inside the mind of Boko Haram|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nkụzi mahadum na onye na-akwado ndị a na-emegbu, na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba nke akparamaagwa na ahụike ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ. <ref name="concordconsulting.org">{{Cite web|url=http://concordconsulting.org/fatima-akilu-2|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2020-11-17|archivedate=2017-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119050311/http://concordconsulting.org/fatima-akilu-2/}}</ref> Na-arụ ọrụ dịka Ajọnkt Prọfesọ nke General Psychology na SUNY Broome Community College (USA) ihe karịrị afọ 12. Ọ kuziela ma dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nyocha metụtara enweghị ebe obibi, agbụrụ na mmekọrịta ha na ahụike ọgụgụ isi. <ref name="auto" /> Ọ bụbu onye isi kọmụnikeshọn nke onye Ọkachamara ukwu pụrụ iche nke Onye isi ala na Millennium Development Goals, ọ bụ Onye isi oche Editorial Board nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Leadership. <ref name="concordconsulting.org"/> Akilu bụbu onye ntụzịaka gbasara nyocha akparamaagwa na nkwukọrịta okwu n'ụlọ ọrụ nke National Security Advisor na Naịjirịa, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ Countering Violent Extremism Programme n'etiti afọ 2012 na 2015. <ref name="tonyblairfaithfoundation.org"/> Ihe omume CVE bụ otu atụmatụ gọọmentị ga-adị ogologo oge iji gboo Boko Haram ; otu ndị agha ntịịkpọ kpatara ọnwụ nke ihe karịrị mmadụ 20,000 na Naijiria. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11915708/Fears-for-Nigerias-counter-radicalisation-programme-as-British-trained-head-is-ousted.html|title=Fears for Nigeria's counter-radicalisation programme as British-trained head is ousted}}</ref> N'ịkọwa dịka nnwale siri ike na nnyocha iji ghọta ma lebara ihe kpatara mbuso agha a anya, emume CVE nke Naijiria bụ ịdọ aka na ntị dị iche iche na-eleba anya na ndị otu Boko Haram, ndị ntorobịa, na ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ike site na mmemme mmekọrịta na-enye ha uzo ozo karịrị i sonye ndị agha ntịịkpọ. Mmemme ndị a lebara anya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mmepe na nchekwa n'ọkwa obodo. <ref name="auto1"/> Akilu e sorola nwunye nke ndị ọchịagha Boko Haram gbapụrụ agbapụ, bụ ndị na-eweta ihe ịma aka pụrụ iche ebe ọ bụ na ha na-enwetakarị ọnọdụ nkwanye ùgwù na ikike dị n'etiti ọha mmadụ na-enupụ isi na-achọkarị ịlaghachi <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-women-rescued-from-boko-haram-who-are-returning-to-their-captors|title=The Women Rescued from Boko Haram Who Are Returning to Their Captors}}</ref> Akilu bu onye isi Ezekutiv Daịrektọ nke Neem Foundation, otu na- abụghị nke gọọmentị e hiwere ka nzaghachi nye nsogbu nke enweghị nchekwa na Naijiria. <ref name="auto"/> == Ide ihe == Akilu bụkwa onye edemede akwụkwọ ụmụaka, onye dere akwukwo umuaka iri na asaa. O deela akwukwo asato na Millennium Development Goals maka ụmụaka iji kuziere umuaka ihe banyere otutu omenala tinyere okwu mmepe mba uwa. Ọ na-edu ugbu a mgbasa ozi iji mee ka ụmụ Naijiria gụọ akwụkwọ 100 n'otu afọ. == Ọrụ e bipụtara == * ''Ngozi Comes to Town'' ( Cassava Republic Press, 2008) * ''Timi's Dream Comes True'' (Cassava Republic Press, 2008) * ''Ketwa Plays the Drum'' (Cassava Republic Press, 2011) * ''Yinka Washes His Hand'' (Cassava Republic Press) * ''The Red Transistor Radio'' (Cassava Republic Press) * ''The Yellow Mosquito Net'' (Cassava Republic Press) * ''Preye and the Sea of Plastic'' (Cassava Republic Press) * ''Aliyah Learns a New Dance'' (Cassava Republic Press) * ''Zahra and Coco Alphabet'' (Mockingbird Publishers) * ''Ashraf: Flying Saucer'' (Mockingbird Publishers, 2011) == Onyinye na nrite == * Zahra and Coco Alphabet, 2012 Winner of Moonbeam Children's Book Award's Gold prize in the Alphabet/ Counting Book category.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2012 Winners}}</ref> * ‘Preye and the Sea of Plastics’ by Fatima Akilu and ‘Mayowa and the Masquerade’ by [[:en:Lola_Shoneyin|Lola Shoneyin]]: Joint Winners for the ANA/Atiku Abubakar Prize for Children's Literature. == Nrụtụka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akilu, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme edemede]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria nọ n'ọrụ ahuike]] i997457tvkd7ojjmocoan6wo7tws8mo 0 10078 692422 632075 2026-07-29T23:57:16Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatima Batul Mukhtar''' bụ '''nwaafọ Naịjirịa gụrụ''' akwụkwọ, nke bụ prọfesọ na Botani . Nnyocha ya gbadoro ụkwụ na "growth regulation, [[:en:Biostatistics|biostatistics]], [[:en:Biotechnology|biotechnology and]] plant conservation". N’afọ 2016, onyeisiala [[Muhammadu Buhari]] họpụtara ya dịka onye osote onye isi ọchịchị Federal University Dutse . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/international-womens-day-5-women-who-have-made-their-marks-in-education/rsw5836|title=5 women who have made their marks in education|date=2018-03-08|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-11-17|archivedate=2020-11-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113001430/https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/international-womens-day-5-women-who-have-made-their-marks-in-education/rsw5836}}</ref> == Mmalite ndu na mmụta ya == A mụrụ Mukhtar na Kano n'afọ 1963. <ref name="biography">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/jobs-and-career/fatima-takes-over-as-vc-federal-university-dutse/137425.html|title=Fatima takes over as VC, Federal University Dutse|last=Suleiman|first=Mustapha|date=March 11, 2016|accessdate=November 17, 2020|archivedate=November 7, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020356/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/jobs-and-career/fatima-takes-over-as-vc-federal-university-dutse/137425.html}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị nke Shahuchi nakwa Shekara Girls Boarding Primary School maka agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya, were gazie Government Girls College,nke Dala dị na [[Kano]] maka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndịrị ya. <ref name="dob">{{Cite web|url=http://sci.buk.edu.ng/sites/default/files/bio/Fatimacv.pdf|title=Fatimah Batul Mukhtar|last=admin|accessdate=2020-11-17|archivedate=2017-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022303/http://sci.buk.edu.ng/sites/default/files/bio/Fatimacv.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 1984, o nwetara nzere bachelọ na botani na Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello . N’afọ 1994, o nwetara nzere masta na mahadum nke Bayero . Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ mmụta dọktọreti n'afọ 2005, bụrụ ọkachamara na nkà mmụta ọgwụ osisi site n'otu ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum ahụ. N'afọ 2012, o debara aha ya n'agụmagụ akwụkwọ banyere nkà na ụzụ ọrụ ugbo na mahadum nke Michigan Steeti . Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ntọala ọchịchị na Mahadum nke Northwest Kano, bụrụkwa diin mbụ nke sayensị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. N'afọ 2015, e mere ya osote onye isi oche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/interview/i-dont-feel-intimidated-in-the-midst-of-men/|title=I don't feel intimidated in the midst of men|date=May 27, 2017|accessdate=November 17, 2020|archivedate=July 1, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701061339/https://guardian.ng/interview/i-dont-feel-intimidated-in-the-midst-of-men/}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi nke Federal University Dutse . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewhistler.ng/story/buhari-appoints-new-vice-chancellors-for-12-universities/|title=Buhari Appoints New Vice Chancellors For 12 Universities|date=February 15, 2016}}</ref> == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081122/http://sci.buk.edu.ng/?q=node%2F22 Bayero University profile] {{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhtar, Fatima Batul}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Category:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria nọ na sayensị]] [[Òtù:Category:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria bụ prọfesọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] 1gr4kv2a4q5mhsyr4djjy99ozaholta 0 10079 692544 116768 2026-07-30T09:42:13Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatima Yusuf-Olukoju''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 2 n'ọnwa Mee afọ 1971 na Owo,dị na [[Ȯra Ondo|Ondo]] steeti) bụ nwaafọ Naijiria bụ onye egwuregwu ị gba ọsọ lagoro ezumike nka, onye sọrọ mpi ọkachasị na mita 400 n'oge ọrụ ya. Ọ meriri n'ọsọ mita 400 na 1991 All-Africa Games ma bụrụ onye nke abụọ na mita 200. Ọ lụrụ Adewale Olukoju . O mechara soro sọọ mpi mita 200 na World Championship na Spen ebe ọ gbara ọsọ 22.28. Ọ bụkwa nwanyị Afrịka mbụ gbara ọsọ n'okpuru sekọnsụ 50 na mita 400. Ọ gbara 49.43 na 1995 African Championship Ọ sọrọ Naịjirịa asọmpi na 1996 Summer Olympics e mere n'Atlanta, n'Amerịka na mita 400 nke ọ gbatara onye nke 6 na oge nkesekọnsụ 49.77 na mita 4 x 400 ebe o meriri nrite ọla ọcha ya na ndị otu ya [[Olabisi Afolabi|Bisi Afolabi]], [[Charity Opara]] na [[Falilat Ogunkoya]] n'azụ mba Amerịka. Ọ gara Mahadum nke Azusa Pacific . == Nrụtụaka == * Fatima Yusuf * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929141742/http://www.databaseolympics.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=YUSUFFAT01 databaseOlympics] * Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. "Fatima Yusuf" . Olympics at Sport-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC . Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. {{DEFAULTSORT:Yusuf, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu ị gba ọsọ]] 4eoln7xjcyqlkjeqy6qbcaa3b96vcaf 0 10085 692496 200106 2026-07-30T09:03:10Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatimah Tuggar''' (onye a muru n'ụbọchị '''n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n’afọ'''1967) bu onye Naijiria na-ese ihe nke bi n'obodo [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|Amerika]] . <ref name="Jegede">Jegede, Dele (2009). ''Encyclopedia of African American Artists''. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 235-237.</ref> Vidio Tuggar na ọrụ dijitalụ ya na-enyocha mmetụta teknụzụ.nye ọdịbendị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. == Ndụ onwe == A mụrụ Tuggar na [[Kaduna]],nke [[Naijiria]], n'afọ 1967. <ref name="UD Visible Seams">Julie L. McGee, [https://events.udel.edu/event/fusion_cuisine_montage_art_of_fatimah_tuggar#.WLsdF_nys2w Mechanical Hall Gallery - Fatimah Tuggar: In/Visible Seams], University of Delaware. Retrieved 5 May 2013.</ref> Ugbu a o bi na Toronto,nke Ọntario, ebe ọ bụ osote Onye Nkụzi Ọkachamara na Ngalaba Nkà na Mahadum [[:en:OCAD_University|Ontario College of Art and Design University]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ocadu.ca/academics/graduate-studies/master-cadn/faculty_cadn.htm|title=Contemporary Art, Design and New Media Art Histories (MA)|date=|accessdate=March 4, 2017|archivedate=March 5, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305041359/http://www.ocadu.ca/academics/graduate-studies/master-cadn/faculty_cadn.htm}}</ref> == Mmụta == Tuggar gụrụ akwụkwọ na Blackheath School of Art na [[London|Lọndọn]],na Ịngland, tupu ọ nata nzere BFA na Kansas City Art Institute n'Amerịka. <ref name="UD Visible Seams"/> <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://signsjournal.org/fatimah-tuggar/|title=Fatimah Tuggar|date=2012-10-11|work=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society|language=en-US}}</ref> Tuggar nwetara nzere MFA ya na Mahadum Yale n'afọ 1995. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Yale, ọ gụrụ otu afọ ọmụmụ nke onwe ya na Whitney Museum of American Art . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Fertile Crescent: Gender, Art and Society}}</ref> Ọ gakwara Kano Corona na Queens Collage Yaba na Naịjirịa tupu ọ gaa Convent of the Holy Family na Littlehampton, dị naSussex na Ịngland. == Ọrụ == Tuggar na-emepụta foto, ihe, nrụnye yana ọrụ nka mgbasa ozi na-akụzi nkuzi n'ịntaneetị. Ha na-abụkarị ihe nkiri sitere na ndụ ndị Afrịka na ndị Westị kwa ụbọchị. Nke a na-adọrọ uche gaa n'usoro metụtara ma na-atụle nrubeisi nke nwoke, nke ya, na echiche nke ọganihu. Tuggar gosipụtara ọrụ ya na ngosipụta otu na Museum of Modern Art ( MOMA ), New Museum of Contemporary Art, na ngosipụta nke mba ụwa kwa afọ dịka Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art (2005), Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels (2003), Center Georges Pompidou na Paris (2005), na Bamako Biennal,na [[Mali]], n'afọ 2003. Ọ natawo onyinye n'ụlọ ọrụ dịka WA Mellon Research Fellowship - John Hope Franklin Humanities Institute, Durham, NC, US, Artist Production Residency - Kitchen, New York, New York, US, Civitella Ranieri Fellowship - Civitella Ranieri, Umbertide, Umbria, Italia, Techno-Oboro Residency - Oboro Arts Center, Montreal, Canada, Techno-Oboro Residency - [http://www.oboro.net/en/lab Oboro Arts Center] Montreal, Canada, Contemporary Art, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ihe ndị ahụ na-agụnyekarị ụdị birikọleej ; ijikọta ihe abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa sitere na Westen Afrịka na nhata na be ndị ọcha iji kwuo maka ọkụ eletrik, akụrụngwa, ị nweta na mmetụta mmeghachi omume n'etiti teknụzụ na ọdịbendị. N'otu aka ahụ, mọnteeji kọmputa ya na ọrụ nchịkọta vidiyo na-eweta vidiyo na foto o sere ma chọta ihe sitere na azụmahịa, akwụkwọ akụkọ na eserese ochie. Ihe mghọta pụtaara Tuggar dị n'ime eserese ndị a nke na-enyocha etu mgbasa ozi si emetụta ndụ anyị kwa ụbọchị. Nchịkọta ọrụ Tuggar na-eji atụmatụ nke mmezi iji gbaghaa echiche anyị na mgbakwunye n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ niile na-ekwupụta echiche gbasara agbụrụ, okike nwoke na nwanyị na klaasị ; <ref>Gonzalez, Jennifer, ''The Appended Subject: Race and Identity as Digital Assemblage''. In Kolko, Nakamura, and Rodman, 2000, 27–50. New York: Routledge. Retrieved 9 September 2010.</ref> akpaghasị echiche anyị banyere isiokwu . Ọrụ ya na-egosipụta njirimara ọtụtụ ihe ma na-agbagha echiche nke e ji mara Afrịka. <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Fertile Crescent: Gender, Art, and Society|last=Brodsky}}</ref> Ọrụ ya na-ekwu maka isiokwu nwere ike ị kpachapụ anya dịka agbụrụ, teknụzụ na omenala mgbe ọchịchị gachara. Onye na-ese ihe na-ahọrọ ịghara ịgbasa ozi ngosi, kama ọ bụ iji kọwaa nụwansis ọdịbendị nke karịrị ihe atụ doro anya nke omenaala. Iji maa atụ, na ihe osise afọ 1996 ya a kpọrọ ''Turntable'', <ref>Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University. [http://www.nasher.duke.edu/therecord/tuggar-fatimah.php “Turntable”]. Retrieved 9 September 2010.</ref> Tuggar na-eji diski rafia eme ihe n'ọnọdụ vaịnịl rekọọdụ. Ihe osise a na-ekwu maka ụzọ i webata gramafon si metụta mmepe asụsụ obodo. N'ihi myiri vịnịlnyl na fai-fai n'ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ugwu nke Naijiria, vaịnịl nwetara aha ya site na diski rafia. Iji maa atụ, n’asụsụ Awụsa a na-akpọ diski rafia fai-fai, ma vaịnịl bụ fai-fain gramofon. Kpọmkwem, ọrụ onye na-ese ihe na-egosi etu okwu ndị a si arụ ọrụ site na omume ngosipụta ọhụụ dị ka mgbasa ozi telivishọn, ihe nkiri Hollywood, na imepụta ngwaahịa. Fusion Cuisine, nke njikọ aka ya na Kitchen (ụlọ ọrụ nka na-ahụ maka ọrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na New York), ji egwu na-ekpughe echiche efu nke ndị Amerịka maka teknụzụ ndị ahịa dị ka nnwere onwe na ọganihu mba mgbe ha na-ekpughere agbụrụ na mpaghara ala nke na-abụ ntọala nke ọhụụ ndị a nke ọdịnihu. <ref name=":1" /> Ihe onyonyo a nwere eserese abụọ: mgbasa ozi agha mba ụwa nke abụọ nke Amerịka na-akpọsa teknụzụ ụlọ ma lekwasị anya n'ebe ụmụ nwanyị ọcha nke Amerịka nọ na klasị etiti, na ihe osise nke ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka nọ na vidio nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri na Naijiria. Fusion Cuisine na-agbanwe n'etiti ihe nkiri ochie nke ihe efu nke ndụ nke oge a na suburbia na ihe osise ndị na-adịbeghị anya nke ọrụ ụlọ n'egwuregwu na Naijiria. Na mọnteeji komputa ya na vidio, Tuggar chịkọtara onyonyo nke na-enyocha ọdịnala yana mmekọrịta dị iche n'etiti ndị mmadụ na ikike. <ref name=":0"/> N'ime ọrụ mmekọrịta ya na weebụ, ndị sonyere nwere ike ị mepụta nchịkọta nke onwe ha site na ịhọrọ ihe ndị na-eme egwuregwu na ndabere. Usoro a na-enye ndị sonyere ohere iwu ma ọ bụ mebie akụkọ nke enweghị usoro. Ihe mmekorita kolaaji ya, [http://transienttransfer.com/ "Transient Transfer"], na-enye ndi ozo ohere ikeputa ihe ndi ozo na Greensboro n'afọ 2011 ma obu Bronx n'afọ 2008 (lee " [https://web.archive.org/web/20220121121226/http://www.bronxmuseum.org/exhibitions/street-art-street-life Street Art, Street Life: Site n'afọ 1950s ruo taa] " na The Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York ). Na oru [http://www.rethinking-nordic-colonialism.org/files/triadraid/triadraid.html webusaiti] afọ 2006 ya, [http://www.rethinking-nordic-colonialism.org/files/triadraid/triadraid.html Triad Raid], e keputara dika akuku nke [http://www.rethinking-nordic-colonialism.org/ Rethinking Nordic Colonialism], Tuggar “na-enye onye obula / onye sonyere na onodu ike buru ibu nke i me ihe ha chọrọ, ma ọbụ ị hapụ Omume ma obu emeghi ihe n’ime mpaghara a na-emepụta ihe kolaaji di egwu. Nke a bụ kolaajie a rụrụ site na: ''Characters'' icons and totems, ''Context'' landscapes and commodities, and ''Behaviors'' actions and interactions n'etiti ihe niile ndị a. Nke a na - agba ume ịmepụta akụkọ obere oge na - enweghị usoro, nke e nwere ike wulite ma ọ bụ mebie dabere na nhọrọ nke onye ahụ sonyere. Isi ihe dị na ya bụ mmata nke nhọrọ na nsonaazụ nke ịme ma ọ bụ ị họrọ ịghara igosipụta ikike a. " <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rethinking-nordic-colonialism.org/files/index.htm|title=Colonialism Within: Indigenous Rights and Multicultural Realities|accessdate=March 4, 2017}}</ref> Ihe ngosi ndi ozo gunyere: (2015) " [http://www.aptglobal.org/en/Exhibition/48048/Appropriation-Art-Finding-Meaning-in-Found-Image-Collage Art Appropriation: Finding Meaning in Found-Image Collage] " ( [http://www.thebascom.org/ Bascom: Ebe Nlekọta Maka Visual Arts], Highlands, North Carolina) (2013) " [https://events.udel.edu/event/fusion_cuisine_montage_art_of_fatimah_tuggar#.WM2FNRLyugQ Na / Anya Seams] " (Mechanical Hall Gallery, Mahadum nke Delaware, Newark, DE) (2012, 2011, 2010) " [http://nasher.duke.edu/therecord/tuggar-fatimah.php Ihe ndekọ ahụ: Contemporary Art and Vinyl] " ( [http://nasher.duke.edu/ Nasher Museum of Art, Mahadum Duke] ; [http://www.icaboston.org/ Institute of Contemporary Art], Boston, MA) <ref name=":1"/> (2012) "Harlem Postcards" (Studio Museum Harlem, New York, NY) (2009) "Tell Me Again: A Concise Retrospective" (Franklin Humanities Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC) <ref name=":1" /> (2009) " [https://web.archive.org/web/20170319112416/http://kcai.edu/drupal/artspace/exhibitions/6155/screen-global-intimacy On Screen: Global Intimacy] " (Artspace at Kansas City Art Institute, Kansas City, MO) <ref name=":1" /> (2005) "Inna's Recipe" (Indiana Black Expo's Summer Celebration, Cultural Arts Pavilion, Indianapolis, Indiana) <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=INR20050722-01.1.2|title=Fatimah Tuggar|last=|first=|date=July 22, 2005|work=Indianapolis Recorder}}</ref> (2005) " [http://www.rencontres-bamako.com/?lang=en Rencontres de Bamako: Biennale Africaine de la Photographie: Telling Time] " (2001) "Empire/State: Artists Engaging Globalization" (The Art Gallery of the Graduate Center, The City University of New York) (2000) "Poetics and Power" (Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland) (2000) "Crossing the Line" (Queens Museum of Art) (2000) "The New World, The Vices and Virtues, Bienal de Valencia, Spain Bienal de Maia (Porto, Portugal) (2000) "Celebrations" (Galeria Joao Graça, Lisbon, Portugal) (2000) "At the Water Tap" ([http://www.greenenaftaligallery.com/ Greene Naftali Gallery], New York) (1999) "The Passion and the Wave" 6th International Istanbul Biennial (1999) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200922152149/https://www.absolutearts.com/artsnews/1999/07/06/25547.html Beyond Technology: Working in Brooklyn]" (Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York) (1998) "[http://www.plexus.org/tuggar/sullivan.html Village Spells]" (Plexus.org) == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110204212220/http://home.jps.net/~nada/tuggar.htm Fatimah Tuggar Interview] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110106175218/http://publicartfund.org/pafweb/projects/08/tuggar/tuggar-08.html Fatimah Tuggar on Public Art Fund] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100526070939/http://www.villanieditions.com/cgi/VIL_artist.pl?artist=tuggar Series Money & Matter], 2002 == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * Hamilton, Elizabeth (2013). " [http://muse.jhu.edu/article/539542 Analog Girls in a Digital World: Fatimah Tuggar's Afrofuturist Intervention in the Politics of "Traditional " African Art] ". ''Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art'', No. 33. * Tuggar, Fatimah (2013). “[http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1470357213482607 Montage as a Tool of Political Visual Realignment],” ''Visual Communications Journal'': “The Ethics of Images,” edited by Bolette Blaagaard & Carey Jewit. pp.&nbsp;375–392, University of London, UK Institute of Education; Culture, Communication & Media Department, SAGE Publications, Special Issue, August 2013, https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357213482607 * Tuggar, Fatimah (2017). "[http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/AFAR_a_00370 Methods, Making, and West African Influences in the Work of Fatimah Tuggar]." ''African Arts'', Vol. 50, No. 4, pp.&nbsp;12–17. https://doi.org/10.1162/AFAR_a_00370 {{DEFAULTSORT:Tuggar, Fatimah}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria nọ na nka]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria bi n'Amerịka]] 63vwose7c637n63ang6iqzgah18owl4 0 10278 692421 211575 2026-07-29T23:55:38Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatima Bashir''' (amụrụ na 8 Jenụwari, afọ 1995) bụ [[Naijiria]] judoka onye zọrọ mpi nke ụmụ nwanyị na udi. O ritere ọla nchara n’egwuregwu mba Afrịka nke 2015 n’arọ iri anọ na asatọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatima Bashir, Judoka, JudoInside|url=https://www.judoinside.com/judoka/100198/Fatima_Bashir/judo-career}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatima BASHIR / IJF.org|url=https://www.ijf.org/judoka/27650}}</ref> == Ọrụ egwuregwu == Fatima Bashir nwetara ọla nchara n’ihe omume ụmụ nwanyị arọ iri anọ na asatọ na Egwuregwu Afrịka 2015 niile emere na Brazzaville, [[Republic of the Congo]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=African Games Brazzaville, Event, JudoInside|url=https://www.judoinside.com/event/10686/2015_African_Games_Brazzaville/judo-results}}</ref> == Ebe m si nwete == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bashir, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Nwaanyị egwuregwu]] [[Òtù:Nwanyi]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu]] 3jz55dl7su99jgu2gomyvz5vwcp42q3 0 10778 692478 129790 2026-07-30T08:37:29Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox Artwork|image_file=|backcolor=#FBF5DF|painting_alignment=right|image_size=291px|title=Chinese Girl|artist=[[Vladimir Tretchikoff]]|year=1952–1953|medium=[[Oil painting|Oil on canvas]]|height_metric=|width_metric=|height_imperial=|width_imperial=|metric_unit=cm|imperial_unit=in|city=}} '''''Nwa nwanyị China''''' (nke a na -akpọkarị '''''The Green Lady''''' ) bụ ihe osise Vladimir Tretchikoff mere n'afọ otu puku narị iteghete na iri ise na abụọ (1952). Mbipụta arụpụtara nke ukwuu n'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ so na ahịa kacha ere na narị afọ nke iri abụọ. <ref name="fv">{{Cite book|year=2013|author=Boris Gorelik|title=Incredible Tretchikoff|publisher=Art / Books|isbn=978-1-908970-08-4}}</ref> Ihe osise a bụ nke nwa agbọghọ China n'ihi ọ bụ a mara ya nke ọma maka ụcha akpụkpọ anụ ahụ na-adịghị ahụkebe ma bụrụ nke pụrụ iche na nke ibe bụ nke ejiri see ihu ya bụ ụcha na achaba n'anya bụ ucha agbugba akwụkwọ ndụ, nke nyere eserese ahụ aha ya na-ewu ewu ma bụrụ eserese ama ama nke bụ ''The Green Lady'' . Ọ bụ ezie na Tretchikoff kwusiri ike na ebibiela ụdị mbụ nke eserese a na Cape Town na ọ sere ụdị nke ọhụrụ n'oge njem ya n'afọ otu puku narị iteghete na iri ise na atọ (1953 )na USA, ndị nchọpụta ahụghị ihe akaebe ma ọ bụ nke gosiri na ọ bụ eziokwu ọ bụla na nkwupụta a. <ref name="fv" /> E rere ihe mbụ esere ọnụ ego pụtara puku Yuro iteghete na iri asatọ na abụọ na iri ise(£ 982,050) na ụlọ nrepu ma ọ bụ ụlọ mkpọwa ahịa achọ irepu ọsọ bụ Bonhams na London ka ọnwa Maachị gbara mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri abụọ n'afọ Puku abụọ na iri atọ (2013). Ọ bụ onye ọchụnta ego ndị Britain bụ Laurence Graff zụrụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bonhams.com/magazine/14471/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2018-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514012123/https://www.bonhams.com/magazine/14471/|archivedate=2018-05-14}}</ref> Kemgbe ọnwa iri na otu n'afọ bụ Nọvemba gbara ụbọchị iri atọ n'otu afọ ahụ, e gosila ya n'ihu ọha na Esteti Delaire Graff dị nso na Stellenbosch, South Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tretchikoff’s Chinese Girl Unveiled at Delaire Graff Estate|url=http://www.graffdiamonds.com/archives/tretchikoffs-chinese-girl-unveiled-at-delaire-graff-estate/|work=|publisher=Graff Diamonds press release, 29 November 2013|accessdate=1 December 2013|archivedate=18 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718090255/https://www.graffdiamonds.com/archives/tretchikoffs-chinese-girl-unveiled-at-delaire-graff-estate/}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ụfọdụ nke ihe nkiri Alfred Hitchcock ''Frenzy nke afọ otu puku narị iteghete na iri asaa na abụọ'' (1972) gosiri ihe osise nke ihe nlereanya Monika Sing-Lee nke Tretchikoff dere, gụnyere nke a. A na -ejikwa foto ahụ dị ka mkpuchi ihu maka albọm ''Slap nke afọ ndị gbakwunyere afọ1990.'' site na otu egwu Britain Chumbawamba . == Nlereanya == Monika Sing-Lee dị ihe dị ka afọ iri abụọ n'oge ahụ, ma nwee ụfọdụ agbụrụ ndị Europe. <ref name="MG">{{Cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2011-05-20-face-to-with-the-woman-who-is-tretchis-chinese-girl|title=Face to face with the woman who is Tretchi's Chinese Girl|accessdate=25 January 2014|publisher=[[Mail & Guardian]], 20 May 2011}}</ref> ejikwa aha ebe ọ lụrụ di ya bụ aha ọlụlú ya bụ, Pon-Su-San makwaara ya, Tretchikoff zutere ya, na aro nke onye na-agba egwu Russia Masha Arsenyeva, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ulo ọrụ akwa nwanne nna ya nwoke na Cape Town, South Africa. <ref name="MG" /> Pon-Su-San nwụrụ na Johannesburg mgbe ọnwa isii bụ Jun gbara mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri na anọ (June 14, 2017). == Hụkwa == * ''Jaketị na -acha uhie uhie'' * ''Alicia Markova "Onye na -anwụ anwụ"'' == Nrụtụaka == [https://web.archive.org/web/20170718090255/https://www.graffdiamonds.com/archives/tretchikoffs-chinese-girl-unveiled-at-delaire-graff-estate/ https://web.archive.org/web/20170718090255/https://www.graffdiamonds.com/archives/tretchikoffs-chinese-girl-unveiled-at-delaire-graff-https://web.archive.org/web/20170718090255/https://www.graffdiamonds.com/archives/tretchikoffs-chinese-girl-unveiled-at-delaire-graff-estate//] == Njikọ mpụga == * " [http://mg.co.za/article/2011-05-20-face-to-with-the-woman-who-is-tretchis-chinese-girl Gaa n'ihu nwanyị ahụ bụ nwa nwanyị China Tretchi] " na ''Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'' * " [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/chinese-girl-the-mona-lisa-of-kitsch-8537467.html 'Nwa agbọghọ China': Mona Lisa nke kitsch] " na ''The Independent'' * " [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/feb/09/green-lady-monika-pon 'Enwetụbeghị m ego n'aka Green Lady,' ka ihe nlereanya Tretchikoff na -ekwu] " na ''The Guardian'' * " [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/5298060.stm?ls Gaze nke Green Lady] " na akụkọ BBC * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22344710 "Abụ m nwa agbọghọ China na eserese Tretchikoff"] Akụkọ BBC. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180821044103/http://qi.com/infocloud/kitsch Ejiri dị ka ọmụmaatụ] kitsch na ihe ngosi ajụjụ ajụjụ TV BBC ''QI'' . qchxc6f6rwiq1w9esxxvwfq9s7btvon 0 11163 692347 689624 2026-07-29T20:07:48Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Usòrò:Portrait of Femi Adebayo 3.jpg|thumb|Femi Adebayo]] '''Femi Adebayo Salami''' (amụrụ 31 Disemba 1978) bụ onye ọka iwu Naijiria, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye isi, onye na-emepụta ihe ma onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye Gọvanọ nke Kwara State na Nka, Omenala na Njem ileghari anya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/107139/3/jelili-has-opened-doors-for-me-femi-adebayo.html|title=Nigeria HomePage – Breaking News, Business, Sports, Entertainment and Video News|work=thenigerianvoice.com|accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa nwoke onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Adebayo Salami . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/e-punch/i-will-still-practise-law-femi-adebayo/|title=I will still practise law – Femi Adebayo|work=The Punch – Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper|accessdate=16 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215160743/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/e-punch/i-will-still-practise-law-femi-adebayo/|archivedate=15 February 2015}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Femi Adebayo na 31 nke Disemba 1978 na [[Lagos]], ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Nigeria. Nna ya, onye bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria bụ Adebayo Salami (Oga Bello), si [[Ilorin]], [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara State]] . <ref name="punch-parents">{{Cite web|title=My mum is stricter than dad – Oga Bello’s son|url=http://www.punchng.com/feature/famous-parents/my-mum-is-stricter-than-dad-oga-bellos-son/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215150655/http://www.punchng.com/feature/famous-parents/my-mum-is-stricter-than-dad-oga-bellos-son/|archivedate=15 February 2015|accessdate=16 February 2015|work=The Punch – Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper}}</ref> == Agụmagu akwụkwọ == Femi Adebayo gara ụlọ akwụkwọ C&S maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndịrị ya. Ọ gara mahadum Ilorin, ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na iwu. O mechakwara nweta nzere masta na iwu na mahadum Ibadan . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://encomium.ng/separating-your-emotions-from-acting-is-based-on-professionalism-says-femi-adebayo-jelili/|title=Separating your emotions from acting is based on professionalism says Femi Adebayo (Jelili)|work=Encomium Magazine|accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationaldailyng.com/trends/trend-tainment/519-nobody-promotes-culture-like-we-do-femi-adebayo|title=Nobody promotes culture like we do – Femi Adebayo|author=Our Reporter|work=nationaldailyng.com|accessdate=16 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215161230/http://www.nationaldailyng.com/trends/trend-tainment/519-nobody-promotes-culture-like-we-do-femi-adebayo|archivedate=15 February 2015}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Femi Adebayo lụrụ Omotayo Adebayo na ubochi itoolu nke Ọktoba, 2016. Femi Adebayo na nwunye ya nwere otu nwa nwoke. Ọ mụtakwara ụmụ atọ n'alụmdi na nwunye mbụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Ayodele|first=Johnson|title=https://pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/femi-adebayo-and-wife-are-not-separated-according-to-a-video-id7555573.html|publisher=Pulse.ng|date=4 November 2017}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Adebayo malitere ime ihe nkiri n'afọ 1985, n'otu afọ ahụ ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri nna ya mbụ akpọrọ ''Ogun Ajaye'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/entertainment/391975/pass-baton-stars-taking-fathers-profession|title=Pass On The Baton: Stars Taking After Their Fathers’ Profession|author=Leadership Newspaper|date=27 November 2014|work=Nigerian News from Leadership News|accessdate=16 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828123345/http://leadership.ng/entertainment/391975/pass-baton-stars-taking-fathers-profession|archivedate=28 August 2016}}</ref> Adebayo emeela ihe nkiri n'ihe karịrị narị ise ihe nkiri Naijiria , wee nweta ihe nrite anọ dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na 17th African Film Awards nke a maara dị ka Afro Hollywood award na Stratford Town Hall na [[London]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor appointed SA to Kwara State Governor|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/femi-adebayo-actor-appointed-sa-to-kwara-state-governor/873r946|date=2016-02-23|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-30|archivedate=2020-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013034029/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/femi-adebayo-actor-appointed-sa-to-kwara-state-governor/873r946/}}</ref> O nwetakwara ihe nrite n'otu ngalaba ahụ maka onyinye Best of Nollywood Broadcasting Organisation of Nigeria Awards na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/11/day-fan-kissed-presence-wife-femi-adebayo/|title=Day a fan kissed me in the presence of my wife – Femi Adebayo|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.naij.com/tag/femi_adebayo.html|title=News about Femi Adebayo – biography and photos.|work=NEWS.NAIJ.COM – Nigerian & worldwide news.|accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref> Adebayo nwere ọtụtụ ndepụta ihe nkiri na-egosi ekele ya, nke gụnyere Sonto Alapata, Wura Ati Fadaka, Ma Wobadan na Buga, na ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ MD/CEO nke J-15 media network Nigeria. <ref name="punch-parents"/> == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Udi ! Ihe nkiri ! Nsonaazụ ! Nsidee |- | 2015 | rowspan="2" | City People Entertainment Awards | Onye mmepụta ihe nkiri kacha mma nke afọ (Yoruba) | |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma nke afọ (Yoruba) | |{{Won}} | |- | Best of Nollywood Award | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ ndu – Yoruba | ''Afaila Ojo'' |{{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-23|title=BON Awards 2017: Kannywood’s Ali Nuhu receives Special Recognition Award|url=https://dailytrust.com/bon-awards-2017-kannywood-s-ali-nuhu-receives-special-recognition-award|accessdate=2021-10-07|work=Daily Trust|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007214920/https://dailytrust.com/bon-awards-2017-kannywood-s-ali-nuhu-receives-special-recognition-award}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards | Ihe nkiri ụmụ amaala kacha mma (Yoruba) | rowspan="2" | ''Etiko Onigedu'' |{{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-02|title=AMVCA 2018: Full list of winners|url=https://punchng.com/amvca-2018-full-list-of-winners/|accessdate=2021-06-13|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" | Best of Nollywood Awards | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ ndu – Yoruba |{{Won}} | <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2018-12-10|title=BON Awards 2018: Tope Oshin, Tana Adelana win big|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/300174-bon-awards-2018-tope-oshin-tana-adelana-win-big.html|accessdate=2021-10-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 | Kiss kacha mma na ihe nkiri | ''Diamond na mbara igwe'' |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bada|first=Gbenga|date=2019-12-15|title=BON Awards 2019: 'Gold Statue', Gabriel Afolayan win big at 11th edition|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2019-gold-statue-gabriel-afolayan-win-big-at-11th-edition/4d0w2n4|accessdate=2021-10-10|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ nkwado (Yoruba) | ''Nlaghachi nke Kesari'' |{{Nom}} |- | 2020 | ''Lucifa'' |{{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2020-12-07|title=BON Awards: Laura Fidel, Kunle Remi win Best Kiss (Full List of Winners)|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/429916-bon-awards-laura-fidel-kunle-remi-win-best-kiss-full-list-of-winners.html|accessdate=2021-06-13|language=en-GB}}</ref> |} == Ihe nkiri == * ''Owo Blow'' (1995) * ''Apaadi'' (2009) * ''Aịtale'' (2013) * ''[[October 1 (film)|Ọktoba 1]]'' (2014) * ''Shola Arikusa'' (2017) * ''Heaven on my Mind'' (2018) * ''[[The Ghost and the Tout]]'' (2018) * ''Mokalik'' (2019) * ''Mama Drama'' (2020) * ''[[Unroyal]]'' (2020) * ''The Miracle Centre'' (2020) * ''[[Charge and Bail]]'' (2021) * ''Progressive Tailors'' (2021) * ''[[Love Castle]]'' (2021) == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria == Edensibịa==   {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Femi Adebayo on Twitter {{DEFAULTSORT:Adebayo, Femi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bcmi50txw5hxst5wo6zqd8gd518lpnx 0 11192 692567 186831 2026-07-30T10:08:01Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fausat Balogun''' {{Audio|Yo-Fausat Balogun.ogg|Audio}} (nke a makwaara dị ka '''Madam Saje''', <ref name=":0" /> amuru Febụwarị 13, 1959) bụ onye omere Naijiria na- eme ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba.]] <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.naijagists.com/fausat-balogun-madam-saje-how-i-met-my-husband-rafiu-my-journey-into-nollywood/|title=Fausat Balogun Madam Saje:How I Met My Husband Rafiu & My Journey Into Nollywood|work=Naija Gists|author=Olonilua|first=Ademola|date=16 May 2015|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/why-i-reject-english-rolemadam-saje/|title=Why I Reject English Role... Madam Saje|work=[[Daily Times of Nigeria]]|date=21 May 2015|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref> Ọ gbara egwu dị ka '''Mama Saje''' na usoro onyonyo 1990 akpọrọ ''Erin Kee Kee'' . Fausat emeela ihe nkiri n'ihe karịrị ihe nkiri iri asatọ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.pulse.ng/movies/madam-saje-i-reject-scripts-from-english-speaking-movies-yoruba-actress-reveals-id3764008.html|title='I reject scripts from English speaking movies,' Yoruba actress reveals|work=Pulse Nigeria|author=Bada|first=Gbenga|date=16 May 2015|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref> <ref name="family">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.com.ng/interview-with-yoruba-actress-fausat-balogun-a-k-a-madam-saje/|title=Interview With Yoruba Actress Fausat Balogun a.k.a Madam Saje|work=Daily Mail Nigeria|date=26 January 2015|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref> Balogun lụrụ onye omee Rafiu Balogun. Ọ bụ ya bụ onyeisi ya tupu ha alụọ. <ref name=":0" /> Ka ọ na-erule oge a ma ama, ụmụ ya bụ ndị okenye. Ọkpara ya bụ onye nduzi na nwa ya nwanyị nke ọdụdụ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri. <ref name="family" /> == Ihe nkiri ahọpụtara == *''Oyelaja'' *''Owo Onibara'' *''Okan Mi'' *''Akebaje'' *''Ladigbolu'' *''Morenike'' *''Oko Mama E'' *''Tanimola'' *''Nkan Okunkun'' *''Adufe'' *''Leyin Akponle'' *''Laba Laba'' *''Itelorun'' *''Omo Elemosho'' *''Iyawo Ojokan'' *''Ife Kobami'' *''Gbogbo Lomo'' *''Asepamo'' *''Eto Obinrin'' *''Iyawo Elenu Razor'' *''Kokoro Ate'' *''Omoge Elepa'' *''Olaitan Anikura'' *''Oju Elegba'' *''Langbodo'' *''Ologo Nla'' *''Abgara Obinrin'' *''Eepo'' *''Moriyeba'' *''Orisirisi (Kose Gbo)'' *''Serekode'' *''Ojo Ikunle'' *''Alase Aye'' *''Imported Lomo'' *''Adun Ale'' *''Ileri Oluwa'' *''Ogbun Aye'' *''Omo Pupa'' *''Òmìn'' *''O Ti Poju'' *''Olowo Laye Mo'' *''Irenimoyan'' *''Alaimore'' *''Olasunkanmi'' *''Salawa'' == Nkwenye == N'oge mbipụta 2016 nke City People Entertainment Awards, e nyere ya onyinye nkwanye ugwu pụrụ iche maka "onyinye dị ịrịba ama na uto nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri na Nigeria". <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/07/full-list-of-winners-at-2016-city-people-entertainment-awards/|title=Full List Of Winners at 2016 City People Entertainment Awards|work=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]|author=Adedayo Showemimo|date=26 July 2016|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref> == Nsidee ==  {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Balogun, Fausat}} * {{IMDb name|nm2329204|Fausat Balogun}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] emjv9onbzpdeaww6v7g65a5m28zea6y 0 11210 692339 631033 2026-07-29T19:53:59Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fella Precious Makafui''' (amụrụ 19 Ọgọst, 1995 na Volta Region, Ghana) bụ onye omee ihe nkiri nke Ghana na onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/November-13th/i-love-your-hard-african-face-medikal-tells-fella-makafui.php|title=I love your hard African face – Medikal tells Fella Makafui|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=2019-07-13|archivedate=2019-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713210915/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/November-13th/i-love-your-hard-african-face-medikal-tells-fella-makafui.php}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/118248-fella-makafuis-biopgraphy-short-facts-life.html|title=Fella Makafui's life- short facts about her life|author=Githuri|first=Job|date=2018-11-12|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|accessdate=2019-07-11}}</ref> A maara ya nke ukwuu maka ọrụ ya na <nowiki><i id="mwDw">Yolo</i></nowiki> (usoro TV Ghana) . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Yolo-actress-Fella-Makafui-turns-a-year-older-463902|title=Yolo actress Fella Makafui turns a year older|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-07-13}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Fella-Makafui-dissappointed-in-Tinny-for-releasing-raunchy-video-530676|title=Fella Makafui disappointed in Tinny for releasing raunchy video|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-07-13}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-agụ egwú Medikal ma ha nwere nwa nwanyị (amụrụ 8/2020) nke a na-akpọ Island. == Agụmagu akwụkwọ == Fella gara Kpando Senior high ma gụsịa akwụkwọ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ọ gara mahadum Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/118248-fella-makafuis-biopgraphy-short-facts-life.html|title=Fella Makafui's life- short facts about her life|author=Githuri|first=Job|date=2018-11-12|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|accessdate=2019-07-11}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Makafui bidoro ọrụ ya dị ka onye nlereanya, o mechara banye n'ime ihe nkiri nke mere ka ọ pụta ìhè mgbe ọ gbara n'usoro ihe onyonyo a ma ama YOLO (You Only Live Once). E gosipụtara Fella na fim di na nwunye dị ka ''Swings'', ''Ozugbo n'ezinụlọ'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eonlinegh.com/expensive-cast-ghanaian-movie-premiere-easter-monday/|title=Fella Makafui Star In New Movie Once upon a Family|author=|first=|date=|work=EOnlineGH.Com|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911120942/https://eonlinegh.com/expensive-cast-ghanaian-movie-premiere-easter-monday/|archivedate=2024-09-11|accessdate=2019-07-29}}</ref> '', Kanda River'' na ''Chaskele'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/pulse-list-6-female-celebrities-who-have-starred-in-movies-this-year-2018/8xr9nn2|title=6 female celebrities who have starred in movies this year 2018|date=2018-08-15|work=Entertainment|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-07-13}}</ref> N'otu oge n'otu ezinụlọ, Fella nwetara ọrụ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria [[Mercy Johnson]] bụ onye rụrụ ọrụ ndu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/118248-fella-makafuis-biopgraphy-short-facts-life.html|title=Fella Makafui's life- short facts about her life|author=Githuri|first=Job|date=2018-11-12|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|accessdate=2019-07-11}}</ref> Ugbu a ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya ọhụrụ nke Castle gate Estate. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghbase.com/fella-makafui-bags-new-ambassadorial-deal-with-castle-gate-estate-photos-video/|title=Fella Makafui Bags New Ambassadorial Deal With Castle Gate Estate ( Photos +Video) » GhBase•com™|date=2019-07-02|work=GhBase•com™|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-07-11|archivedate=2022-11-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122131541/https://www.ghbase.com/fella-makafui-bags-new-ambassadorial-deal-with-castle-gate-estate-photos-video/}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == * Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma nke afọ - City People Entertainment Award (2016)  * Ọlaedo kacha kwe nkwa - Golden Movie Awards 2016 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201607/286826.php|title=Yolo Star Fella Makafui Wins Two Awards In A Month|author=Online|first=Peace FM|date=|work=www.peacefmonline.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113101454/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201607/286826.php|archivedate=2024-11-13|accessdate=2019-07-13}}</ref> == Nsidee == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Makafui, Fella}}  [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] eufk7jtp3pc5nimayug3y11bey1qoys 0 11545 692406 208447 2026-07-29T23:10:49Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fati Abubakar''' bụ onye Naijiria na- agbasa ozi site na foto na idekọ kwa foto. == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Abubakar ma zụlite kwa ya na [[Maiduguri]], nke Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africasacountry.com/author/fati-abubakar|title=Fati Abubakar|work=africasacountry.com|accessdate=20 April 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|date=26 October 2016|title='She has been our family's lifeline'|journal=Nursing Standard|volume=31|issue=9|pages=65|doi=10.7748/ns.31.9.65.s48|pmid=27787168|issn=0029-6570}}</ref> Ebipụtala ọrụ ya na ''New York Times'', CNN Afrịka BBC na Voice of America . <ref name="lagosphotofestival">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lagosphotofestival.com/exhibit/the-face-series|title=LagosPhoto {{!}} International art festival of photography in Nigeria|work=LagosPhoto|accessdate=20 April 2019|archivedate=20 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420033410/http://www.lagosphotofestival.com/exhibit/the-face-series}}</ref> Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ịdekọ ihe ọjọọ dị na [[Ȯra Borno|Borno]], gụnyere ọgụ Boko Haram . O nwere oru ngo a na-akpo ''Bits of Borno.'' <ref name="lagosphotofestival" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bitsofborno.com/about|title=About|work=Bits of Borno|accessdate=20 April 2019|archivedate=11 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111092457/https://www.bitsofborno.com/about}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huckmag.com/art-and-culture/photography-2/shooting-the-frontline-when-youre-not-a-middle-class-man/|title=Women in war zones: Shooting the frontline when you're not a middle class man|date=19 October 2018|work=Huck Magazine|accessdate=20 April 2019|archivedate=20 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420033411/https://www.huckmag.com/art-and-culture/photography-2/shooting-the-frontline-when-youre-not-a-middle-class-man/}}</ref> == Ndemsibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abubakar, Fati}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] kpfbzl5xa6cfbnyg1ny0urffako612j 0 11747 692405 628961 2026-07-29T23:09:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Yemi Eberechi Alade''' (amuru na 13 Maachị 1989), bu onye Naijiria Afropop onye na agụ egwú,na ede egwú na onye nkwado. O meriri na peak Talent Show nke e mere na afụ 2009 nke m echere ọ biaye aka ná Effyzzie Music Group, and nke o nwere olu na ya bụ egwú "Johnny" na afụ 2014 ke mbe ahụ Yemi enweela aha na muzic industries and amatala ya dịka onye na agụ egwú nke ụkwụ na Afrịka na nke sonyere abọ egwú ya nke o wepụrụ tara nke akpọrọ "Eze ndị Eze nwaanyị" na Mama Afrịka nke nwere nnukwu ọganiihu nke ukwuu na ya bụ abọ egwú, na abọ abụọ ahụ, nke a mere ka ọ malite njegharị mba uwa ya na usoro egwú neme kwa ihe oyoyo i na onye na -akwado . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Afropop star Yemi Alade joins UNDP's call for urgent action to protect those hit hardest by COVID-19 surge|url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/news-centre/news/2020/Nigerian_Afropop_star_Yemi_Alade_joins_UNDP_call_for_urgent_action_to_protect_those_hit_hardest_by_COVID-19_surge.html|accessdate=2020-09-10|work=UNDP|language=en}}</ref> Ọ meriri ihe ngosi ''Peak Tafụ alent Show'' na 2009 mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ bị''"''anyere aka na Effyzz''",''e Music Group, wee nwee egwu na otu ya " Johnny " na afụ 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/new-sexy-singers-loose/|title=New, sexy singers on the loose|date=August 2014|publisher=vanguardngr.com|accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/07/yemi-alade-tours-kenya/|title=Yemi Alade tours Kenya|date=11 July 2014|publisher=vanguardngr.com|accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/12/looks-helped-career-yemi-alade/|title=My looks have helped my career –Yemi Alade|publisher=dailyindependentnig.com|accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, Yemi aghọọla onye a ma ama na ụlọ ọrụ egwu kwikaya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa's biggest music stars|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/21/africa/gallery/africas-biggest-stars/index.html|accessdate=2021-05-02|work=CNN}}</ref> Ka eweabụ egwú na a ọ egwuụ na ọba ya ''King'' <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-21|title=Yemi Alade on Tour with ‘Queendon Come’|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/08/21/yemi-alade-on-tour-with-queendon-come/|accessdate=2021-09-16|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ meriri MTV African Music Awards maka nwanyị kacha mma na afụ 2015 na 2016 n'usoro wee bụrụ onye a họpụtara maka the Year na 2015, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị mbụ meriri MAMAs maka nwanyị kacha mma n'usoro ugboro abụọ wee họpụta ya maka Artiste nke Afọ. N'afọ 2015, Alade bụ nwanyị mbụ Afrịka ka ahọpụtara maka MTV Europe Music Awards (EMAs) wee họpụta ya maka onyinye BET maka iwu mba ụwa kacha mma: Africa na 2015 na 2016. A na-etokwa Yemi maka ihe ngosi ogbo okike ya na oke egwu, ejiji na vidiyo egwu, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-06|title=Best Dressed Female Musicians in Nigeria|url=https://reterdeen.com/best-dressed-female-musicians-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=Reterdeen|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224153854/https://reterdeen.com/best-dressed-female-musicians-in-nigeria/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-18|title=Pulse List: The current top 15 best live performers in Nigerian music|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/here-are-the-current-top-15-nigerian-live-performers-burna-boy-tiwa-savage-simi-mercy/lq5xkny|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-06-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601212750/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/here-are-the-current-top-15-nigerian-live-performers-burna-boy-tiwa-savage-simi-mercy/lq5xkny}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=The Best Nigerian Music Videos of 2018|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/nigerian-music-videos-2018-best-watch/|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=OkayAfrica|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-06|title=The 10 best Nigerian music videos of 2020 so far|url=https://pan-african-music.com/en/10-nigerian-music-videos-2020-so-far/|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=PAM - Pan African Music|language=en-US}}</ref> O meriela The Headies Award for Best Performer ugboro abụọ, 2018 na 2019 . Ewepụtara oghere ahụ na The Headies 2018 na ọ bụ onye nka mbụ meriri udi a. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Togejoy|date=2020-01-19|title=Yemi Alade's Top 15 Outstanding Ankara Designs That are Trending|url=https://www.africanvibes.com/yemi-alades-top-15-outstanding-ankara-designs-that-are-trending/|accessdate=2020-09-10|work=African Vibes Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-17|title=4 Things You Can Learn on Branding from Yemi Alade|url=https://sheleadsafrica.org/sla/learn-branding-yemi-alade/|accessdate=2020-09-10|work=She Leads Africa {{!}} #1 destination for young [[Ethnic groups of Africa|African]] ambitious women|language=en-US}}</ref> Alade na-agụ egwú na Bekee, [[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|Igbo]], Pidgin, Yoruba, French, Swahili na Portuguese. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-16|title=Being Yoruba and Igbo is a plus for me, says Yemi Alade|url=https://punchng.com/being-yoruba-and-igbo-is-a-plus-for-me-says-yemi-alade/|accessdate=2021-10-19|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> Egwu ya enweela mmetụta n'ọtụtụ mba Afrịka na mba ụwa dịka a na-eto ya ''"Mama Africa"'' maka ọpụrụiche ya n'iji asụsụ na ejiji dị iche iche n'Africa na-egwu egwu na ihe nkiri egwu ya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-10|title=Yemi Alade celebrates African heritage in new video 'Shekere'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/yemi-alade-is-the-real-mama-africa-as-she-features-angelique-kidjo/vr4kqcd.amp|accessdate=2020-11-12|work=Pulse Nigeria|archivedate=2020-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223134839/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/yemi-alade-is-the-real-mama-africa-as-she-features-angelique-kidjo/vr4kqcd.amp}}</ref> Nna Alade bụ onye uwe ojii, sitere na agbụrụ ndị [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]], ebe nne ya bụ onye [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] . <ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thefader.com/2016/11/09/yemi-alade-interview-tumbum-mama-africa|title=How Yemi Alade Hustled Her Way To Become The Queen Of Afrobeats|work=The FADER|accessdate=2018-08-30|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Being Yoruba and Igbo is a plus for me, says Yemi Alade|url=https://punchng.com/being-yoruba-and-igbo-is-a-plus-for-me-says-yemi-alade/|accessdate=2020-09-12|work=Punch Newspapers|date=16 April 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 9 June 2020, akpọrọ Alade dịka otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe / ndị na-egwu egwu si n'akụkụ ụwa niile iji mee ihe na Global Goal: Otu maka ọdịnihu anyị nke Global Citizen na-akwado bụ iji gosipụta mmetụta enweghị oke nke ọrịa COVID-19 . Ebe kacha dịpụrụ adịpụ na Africa na n'ofe ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-23|title=Yemi Alade, Miley Cyrus, Shakira, others set for concert to tackle COVID-19|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/399108-yemi-alade-miley-cyrus-shakira-others-set-for-concert-to-tackle-covid-19.html|accessdate=2020-07-06|language=en-GB}}</ref> Na 27 June 2020, Yemi Alade rụrụ na ebumnuche zuru ụwa ọnụ: dịrị n'otu maka ọdịnihu anyị n'akụkụ Miley Cyrus, Shakira, J Balvin, Jennifer Hudson, Coldplay, Usher, [[Justin Bieber]], Quavo, Christine na Queens na Chloe X Halle . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Watch! Yemi Alade Wows With 'Shekere' Performance at 'Global Goal: Unite for Our Future'|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/yemi-alade-global-goal-unite-for-our-future/|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=Global Citizen|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-27|title=Yemi Alade Performs 'Shekere' For 'Global Goal'|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9410458/yemi-alade-performs-shekere-global-goal-video|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=Billboard}}</ref> == Mbido ndu == A zụlitere Alade n'ụlọ agbụrụ dị iche iche sitere na [[Naijiria|Nigeria]], Nna ya James Alade bụ onye uweojii si [[Ȯra Ondo|Ondo State]], Nigeria ebe nne ya Helen Uzoma bụ onye [[Ȯra Abia|Abia State]], Nigeria. Dịka Yemi si kwuo, Ọ na-esi na agbụrụ [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] na [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] nke nne na nna ya. Alade gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Victory Grammar School, Ikeja, na Mahadum Lagos, (ha abụọ na [[Lagos|Lagos, Nigeria]] ) <ref name=":5"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Receipts: A Breakdown Of Yemi Alade's Career|url=https://www.essence.com/news/money-career/the-receipts-a-breakdown-of-yemi-alades-career/|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=Essence|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Yemi_Alade_performing_on_the_maiden_edition_of_Peak_Talent_Show_in_2009.png|alt=|thumb| Yemi Alade na-eme na ihe ngosi ''kacha elu Talent'', 2009]] N'oge agụmakwụkwọ mahadum Alade so na ihe ngosi nka TV akpọrọ ''Peak Talent Show'' ebe ọ pụtara onye mmeri. Nke ahụ bụ mpụta mbụ Alade na TV na ebe o nwetara ewu ewu. Edebanyere ya na Effyzzie Music Group. == Ọrụ egwu == === 2014–2016: ''Eze Queens'' na ''Mama Africa'' === E wepụtara abụ egwú mbụ nke Alade ''King of Queens'' na 2 Ọktoba 2014. Alade jikọrọ aka na ndị na-emepụta ihe dịka Selebobo, Sizzle Pro, Shady Bizniz, Philkeyz, Young D, GospelOnDeBeatz, DIL, OJB Jezreel, Mr Chidoo, Fliptyce, EL Mcee na Beat Nation. Ndị otu " Johnny ", "Tangerine" na "Kissing" butere album ahụ. Ọ na-egosipụta ọdịdị ndị ọbịa na skits sitere na Bovi, R2Bees, [[Phyno]], [[Chidinma]], DIL, Selebobo na Diamond Platnumz . <ref>{{Cite web|title=YEMI ALADE UNVEIL THE COVER OF HER DEBUT ALBUM "KING OF QUEENS"|url=http://www.tmzafrica.com/yemi-alade-unveil-the-cover-of-her-debut-album-king-of-queens/|publisher=TMZ Africa|accessdate=9 October 2014|date=8 October 2014|archivedate=21 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121061646/http://www.tmzafrica.com/yemi-alade-unveil-the-cover-of-her-debut-album-king-of-queens/}}</ref> Alade kwalitere ọba ahụ site na ịgagharị ọtụtụ mba Africa, gụnyere Ghana, Kenya na South Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anozie|first=Egole|title=Yemi Alade tours Kenya|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/07/yemi-alade-tours-kenya/|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=8 October 2014|date=11 July 2014}}</ref> E wepụtara mbipụta deluxe nke ọba ahụ na Nọvemba 2014; o nwere ụdị egwu ndị a na-eme n'asụsụ French na mbụ. E kpughere ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi maka mbipụta deluxe na 21 October 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ayomide|first=Tayo|title=Singer To Release 'King Of Queens' Deluxe Version|url=http://pulse.ng/music/yemi-alade-singer-to-release-king-of-queens-deluxe-version-id3213295.html|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=3 March 2015|date=21 October 2014|archivedate=30 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530141748/http://pulse.ng/music/yemi-alade-singer-to-release-king-of-queens-deluxe-version-id3213295.html}}</ref> Dị ka usoro egwu A Nation of Billions si kwuo, ''Eze Queens'' rere ihe karịrị 100,000. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Akua Ofei|title=HOW YEMI ALADE RUN THE WORLD|url=https://nationofbillions.com/meeting-mama-africa-yemi-alade|publisher=A Nation of Billions|accessdate=23 February 2019|date=10 May 2017|archivedate=5 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505133853/https://nationofbillions.com/meeting-mama-africa-yemi-alade}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Yemi_Alade_Mama_Africa_(album)_listening_party.jpg|thumb| Yemi Alade na Runtown na oriri na-ege ntị Mama Africa (album), London]] E wepụtara album studio nke abụọ Alade ''Mama Africa'' na 25 Maachị 2016. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 214">{{Cite web|title=Singer to release 2nd album "Mama Africa", March 2016|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/yemi-alade-singer-to-release-2nd-album-mama-africa-march-2016/y3s34br|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=18 October 2019|date=October 28, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018232938/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/yemi-alade-singer-to-release-2nd-album-mama-africa-march-2016/y3s34br|archivedate=18 October 2019}}</ref> Alade kwupụtara aha ya bụ ''Mama Africa'' ma kwuo na ọ ga-elekwasị anya na ike na adịghị ike nke nwanyị Africa. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 214" /> Album ahụ na-ejikọta ihe ndị dị na Afropop, highlife, R&amp;amp;B, [[Coupé Décalé|coupé-décalé]], hip-hop na pop . <ref name="Circulation Magazine">{{Cite web|author=Adaobi Nezianya|title=Mama Africa by Yemi Alade|url=http://www.circulation-mag.com/2016/08/mama-africa-yemi-alade/|accessdate=21 February 2019|publisher=Circulation Magazine|date=6 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222151935/http://www.circulation-mag.com/2016/08/mama-africa-yemi-alade/|archivedate=22 February 2019}}</ref> <ref name="The Fader 142">{{Cite web|author=Alex Macpherson|title=How Yemi Alade Hustled Her Way To Become The Queen Of Afrobeats|url=https://www.thefader.com/2016/11/09/yemi-alade-interview-tumbum-mama-africa|publisher=The Fader|accessdate=18 October 2019|date=November 9, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018232937/https://www.thefader.com/2016/11/09/yemi-alade-interview-tumbum-mama-africa|archivedate=18 October 2019}}</ref> Alade kwuru na ịdekọ ọba ahụ bụ mgba n'ihi na ọ na-aga mba dị iche iche kwa ụbọchị. <ref name="The Fader 142" /> O kwukwara na ya dekọrọ ọba ahụ ka ọ were "weghara Africa niile n'otu CD". <ref name="The Fader 142" /> Alade gwara ''akwụkwọ akụkọ Fader'' na ya na ndị nka si West Africa, East Africa na South Africa jikọrọ aka. <ref name="The Fader 142" /> She enlisted GospelOnDeBeatz, [[DJ Coublon]], Selebobo, Philkeyz, BeatsByEmzo, [[Masterkraft (producer)|Masterkraft]], Rotimi Keys na Mr. Chidoo iji mepụta album ahụ. <ref name="Life">{{Cite web|author=Sakoh|first=Makale|title=Yemi Alade Releases Her Sophomore Album "Mama Africa"|url=http://life.guardian.ng/2016/03/yemi-alade-releases-her-sophomore-album-mama-africa/|accessdate=12 April 2016|date=25 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507191944/http://life.guardian.ng/2016/03/yemi-alade-releases-her-sophomore-album-mama-africa/|archivedate=7 May 2016}}</ref> ''Mama Africa'' na-egosi ndị ọbịa si [[P-Square]], Sarkodie, Sauti Sol, [[Flavour (musician)|Flavour N'abania]], Rotimi Keys, DJ Arafat na Selebobo . <ref name="Life" /> Emere ya ka ọ dị tupu ịtụ na iTunes otu izu tupu ahapụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Solanke|first=Abiola|title=''Mama Africa'' album available for pre-order|url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/yemi-alade-mama-africa-album-available-for-pre-order-id4816300.html|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=12 April 2016|date=12 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405223847/http://pulse.ng/buzz/yemi-alade-mama-africa-album-available-for-pre-order-id4816300.html|archivedate=5 April 2016}}</ref> Alade kwuputara na ego sitere na ọrịre nke ọba ahụ ga-aga na atụmatụ ebere Feed a Child. <ref name="Life" /> E weputara mbipụta Deluxe nke ọba ahụ na 6 Eprel 2016, ma gosipụta mmekorita ya na ndị egwu South Africa Bucie na AKA . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Solanke|first=Abiola|title=Singer set to release deluxe edition of her "Mama Africa" album|url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/yemi-alade-singer-set-to-release-deluxe-edition-of-her-mama-africa-album-id4879117.html|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=12 April 2016|date=4 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414202013/http://pulse.ng/buzz/yemi-alade-singer-set-to-release-deluxe-edition-of-her-mama-africa-album-id4879117.html|archivedate=14 April 2016}}</ref> ''Mama Afrịka'' gbara akwụkwọ na Germany, Malaysia na France. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Akua Ofei|title=How Yemi Alade Run the World|url=https://nationofbillions.com/meeting-mama-africa-yemi-alade|publisher=A Nation of Billions|accessdate=18 October 2019|date=May 10, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505133853/https://nationofbillions.com/meeting-mama-africa-yemi-alade|archivedate=5 May 2019}}</ref> === 2017–2019: ''Ime Anwansi ojii, Nwanyị'' ''nke igwe'', ''Egwu Egwu na Nkwado'' === E wepụtara album Studio nke atọ nke Alade ''Black Magic'' na 15 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/yemi-alade-singer-releases-third-album-black-magic/17h6f47|title=Singer releases third album "Black Magic"|date=2017-12-15|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-18}}</ref> Ihe na-esochi ya 2017 EP ''Mama Afrique'', album na-egosi ndị ọbịa si Falz na Olamide . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/yemi-alade-just-dropped-a-new-album-black-magic/|title=Yemi Alade's New Album 'Black Magic' Is Here|date=2017-12-15|work=OkayAfrica|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-14}}</ref> ''Emebere Black Magic'' maka ịtụ ụzọ na Nọvemba 2017. <ref name="Native 4">{{Cite web|author=Fisayo Okare|title=Yemi Alade's Upcoming Third Studio Album "Black Magic" is now available for pre-order|url=https://thenativemag.com/music/yemi-alade-keeps-going-mama-africa-third-studio-album-black-magic/|work=Native|accessdate=24 March 2020|date=November 20, 2017}}</ref> Tupu ekpughere aha ọba ahụ, Alade tinyere acronym BM na soshal midia ma chọọ ka ndị Fans ya chepụta ihe ọ pụtara. <ref name="Native 4" /> The album e mepụtara [[DJ Coublon]], Vtek, Sarz, Krizbeatz, Young D, Sess, Fliptyce, IamBeat, Philkeyz, 2Kriss na Echo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yemi Alade's Third Studio Album "Black Magic" is available now|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/12/yemi-alade-black-magic-go-down/|work=BellaNaija|date=December 18, 2017}}</ref> Ndị otu ewepụtara na mbụ bụ "Knack Am", "Single & Search" na "Heart Robber" kwadoro ya. Ndekọ a nwetara nlebanya na-adịghị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ egwu, bụ ndị tụgharịrị egwu ya na agụ abụ Alade. <ref name="360nobs 1">{{Cite web|author=Wilfred Okiche|title=Album Review: Black Magic- Yemi Alade|url=https://www.360nobs.com/2018/06/album-review-black-magic-yemi-alade/|work=360nobs|accessdate=26 March 2020|date=June 25, 2019|archivedate=21 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321162726/https://www.360nobs.com/2018/06/album-review-black-magic-yemi-alade/}}</ref> <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 7">{{Cite web|title=Of all Yemi Alade's three albums, "Black Magic" has the least power|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/album-review-of-all-yemi-alades-three-albums-black-magic-has-the-least-power/nvbrkq3|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=24 March 2020|date=December 15, 2017|archivedate=19 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319225737/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/album-review-of-all-yemi-alades-three-albums-black-magic-has-the-least-power/nvbrkq3}}</ref> Tupu nke ahụ, Na 9 May 2017, a mara ọkwa Alade dị ka onye nchịkwa na mbipụta nke abụọ nke Voice Nigeria iji dochie 2baba onye bụbu onye nchịkwa na ihe ngosi ndụ. Ọ kụziri na Voice Nigeria (Oge 2) tinyere ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na Naijiria dị ka Waje, Timi Dakolo na [[Patoranking]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2017-05-09|title=Yemi Alade replaces 2baba as 'The Voice' coach|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/yemi-alade-replaces-2baba-voice-coach/|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 1 Disemba 2017, Alade gosipụtara na mkpọsa "Mee Ọdịnihu" nke Shell Oil Company na [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . E gosikwara ya na vidiyo egwu ụlọ ọrụ "On Top of the World" nke gosipụtara Jennifer Hudson, Pixie Lott, Luan Santana na Monali Thakur . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Shell features Yemi Alade, Oscar-winner Jennifer Hudson, others in new music video|url=https://www.shell.com.ng/media/2017-media-releases/shell-features-yemi-alade-oscar-winner-jennifer-hudson-others-in-new-music-video.html|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=www.shell.com.ng|language=en}}</ref> Na Julaị 2019, Alade ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ na-ese ihe n'Africa ruru otu nde ndị debanyere aha na YouTube. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yemi Alade Is the First African Female Artist To Get A Million Subscribers On YouTube|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/yemi-alade-youtube-million-subscribers-first-african-female-artist/|publisher=OkayAfrica|accessdate=8 September 2019|date=July 2, 2019}}</ref> Abụ ya "Johnny" na-ejide ndekọ YouTube ugbu a maka vidiyo egwu ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka kacha elele oge niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Most Viewed African Music Videos on Youtube|date=4 August 2017|url=https://listwand.com/top-10-most-viewed-african-music-videos-on-youtube/|publisher=Listwand|accessdate=December 13, 2019}}</ref> E gosipụtara Alade na "Ekwola m ekworo", egwu sitere na egwu egwu [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] ''The Lion King: The Gift'' . Ọ pụtara na egwu n'akụkụ Mr Eazi na Tekno . Magazin ''Rolling Stone'' kpughere na Alade dekọkwara amaokwu maka ụdị mbụ nke "Ike m" na June. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Elais Leight|title=Inside Beyoncé's Bold Bet to Get Americans to Listen to African Music|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/how-beyonce-made-the-lion-king-the-gift-861019/|publisher=Rolling Stone|accessdate=20 July 2019|date=19 July 2019}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Yemi_Alade_in_Sydney_2019.jpg|thumb| Yemi Alade na-eme ihe na Sydney n'oge njem nlegharị anya nwanyị nke igwe ya]] Alade weputara abọ egwú nke anọ ya ''Nwanyị nke Steel'' na 30 Ọgọst 2019. Alade na-akọwa album ahụ dị ka "nri nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ dị iche iche". <ref name="The Star 33" /> Ọ kpọrọ aha abọ egwú ahụ ''Nwanyị nke Steel'' iji gosipụta akwa mkpuchi ya siri ike inye iwu otu nkwanye ugwu dịka ndị ogbo ya nwoke. <ref name="OkayAfrica 22">{{Cite web|author=Damola Durosomo|title=Yemi Alade's Journey to Becoming a 'Woman of Steel'|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/yemi-alade-journey-to-becoming-a-woman-of-steel-interview-new-album-nigerian-music/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=19 March 2020|date=August 30, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203012541/https://www.okayafrica.com/yemi-alade-journey-to-becoming-a-woman-of-steel-interview-new-album-nigerian-music/|archivedate=3 December 2019}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọ nwetara aha ahụ mgbe ọ bịara ghọta na ọ bụ dike nke ya. <ref name="Business Daily 1">{{Cite web|title=Yemi Alade Releases New 'Woman of Steel' Album|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/music/Yemi-Alade-releases-new--Woman-of-Steel--album/3815720-5324902-ki5tdv/index.html|work=Business Daily|accessdate=19 March 2020|date=October 25, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106030909/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/music/Yemi-Alade-releases-new--Woman-of-Steel--album/3815720-5324902-ki5tdv/index.html|archivedate=6 November 2019}}</ref> N'egwu egwu, ''Nwanyị nke'' igwe bụ ndekọ Afrobeat nke na-agụnye akụkụ nke R&amp;amp;B na elu ndụ . <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 712">{{Cite web|author=Motolani Alake|title=Yemi Alade: 'Woman of Steel' is best album yet [Album Review]|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/yemi-alade-woman-of-steel-is-best-album-yet-album-review/me1dc4j|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=19 March 2020|date=September 3, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319225725/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/yemi-alade-woman-of-steel-is-best-album-yet-album-review/me1dc4j|archivedate=19 March 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Motolani Alake|title=Yemi Alade releases 15-track new album, 'Woman of Steel'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/yemi-alade-releases-15-track-new-album-woman-of-steel/9dv496f|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=21 March 2020|date=30 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914064704/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/yemi-alade-releases-15-track-new-album-woman-of-steel/9dv496f|archivedate=14 September 2019}}</ref> Ndekọ a na-enyocha isi isiokwu dịka ịhụnanya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ịda ogbenye. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 712" /> Alade nọrọ afọ atọ na-edekọ ọba ahụ wee kwuo na a ga-ewepụta ya na 30 Ọgọst 2019. <ref name="The Star 33">{{Cite web|author=Elizabeth Musyimi|title='Woman of Steel' up for Grammy's — Yemi Alade|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-10-18-woman-of-steel-up-for-grammys--yemi-alade/|work=The Star|accessdate=18 March 2020|date=18 October 2019|archivedate=21 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321040049/https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-10-18-woman-of-steel-up-for-grammys--yemi-alade/}}</ref> Ngosipụta nka mkpuchi mkpuchi abọ egwú ahụ Alade yi okpu isi sitere n'ọrụ nka Nefertiti Bust . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Damola Durosomo|title=Watch Yemi Alade's New Music Video for 'Give Dem'|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/yemi-alade-drops-two-new-singles-from-her-forthcoming-album-woman-of-steel-give-dem-music-video/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=20 March 2020|date=August 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320180702/https://www.okayafrica.com/yemi-alade-drops-two-new-singles-from-her-forthcoming-album-woman-of-steel-give-dem-music-video/|archivedate=20 March 2020}}</ref> Ndị na-ese ihe na-egosi na ''Nwanyị Steel'' gụnyere Rick Ross, Duncan Mighty, Angélique Kidjo na [[Funke Akindele]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/yemi-alade-to-release-her-album-woman-of-steel-next-week-releases-two-singles/9hgl6l5|title=Yemi Alade to release her album, 'Woman of Steel' next week and releases two singles|date=2019-08-21|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-18}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''The Star'', Alade gbara ụfọdụ n'ime egwu ndị mere ọba ahụ bụ ndị e dekọrọ n'afọ gara aga ebe ndị ọzọ dekọrọ n'August. <ref name="The Star 33" /> Na Septemba 2019, Alade bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ikike ọtụtụ afọ na Universal Music Africa (UMA) na UMG France. UMA ga-eje ozi dị ka onye mmekọ ndekọ aha zuru ụwa ọnụ maka Alade ebe UMG France ga-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye mmekọ mbugharị mba ụwa maka mwepụta ya niile n'okpuru akara. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Singer Yemi Alade signs licensing deal with Universal Music Group|url=https://punchng.com/singer-yemi-alade-signs-licensing-deal-with-universal-music-group/|work=The Punch|accessdate=28 March 2020|date=September 10, 2019}}</ref> N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, Alade nwetara ọtụtụ nkwekọrịta ndị nnọchi anya na mmekọrịta sitere na ụdị dị iche iche ma na mpaghara na mba ụwa. Ụdị dịka Luc Belaire, Glo, Maybelline, Shell na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ kwadoro ya <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-01|title=Top 7 Glo Ambassadors|url=https://lists.ng/top-7-glo-ambassadors/|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=Lists.ng|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=CONGRAT! Yemi Alade Becomes International Brand Ambassador For Luc Belaire Archives|url=https://nigeriannewsdirect.com/tag/congrat-yemi-alade-becomes-international-brand-ambassador-for-luc-belaire/|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=Nigeriannewsdirectcom|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429193411/https://nigeriannewsdirect.com/tag/congrat-yemi-alade-becomes-international-brand-ambassador-for-luc-belaire/}}</ref> === 2020-dị ugbu a: ''Black bụ Eze'' na ''Empress'' === Na 16 Jenụwarị 2020, ekwupụtala Alade onye nnọchi anya akara ọhụrụ maka Hollandia Yoghurt . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Majeed|first=Eyitemi|date=2020-01-16|title=Yemi Alade Becomes Hollandia Yogurt's Brand Ambassador|url=https://www.informationnigeria.com/2020/01/yemi-alade-becomes-hollandia-yogurts-brand-ambassador.html|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=Information Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Yemi Alade gbara egwu na ihe nkiri [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] 's ''Black Is King'' wee mara ọkwa na ọ ga-egosi ya na ihe nkiri ewepụtara wee malite na Disney+ na 31 Julaị 2020, wee malite ya maka mba Africa na DStv Mnet na 1 Ọgọst 2020. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-07-24|title=Yemi Alade Stars in Beyonce's 'Black is King'|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/07/25/yemi-alade-stars-in-beyonces-black-is-king/|accessdate=2020-07-30|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 25 Ọgọst 2020, a mara ọkwa Alade ka ọ so na ndị nkuzi na-esonye na ''The Voice Nigeria Season 3'' n'akụkụ Waje, Darey na Falz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title='The Voice Nigeria' returns with Season 3 bigger, better|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/the-voice-nigeria-returns-with-season-3-bigger-better/|accessdate=2020-08-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Alade bụkwa otu n'ime ndị nkuzi na-alọta sitere na ''Voice Nigeria (Oge 2)'' n'akụkụ Waje <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Waje and Yemi Alade Return As Judges For The Third Season Of The Voice Nigeria|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/waje-and-yemi-alade-return-as-judges-for-the-third-season-of-the-voice-nigeria/|accessdate=2020-08-27|work=okayafricasite|date=26 August 2020|language=en}}</ref> Na 17 Nọvemba 2020, Alade kwupụtara mwepụta nke album studio nke ise ya akpọrọ ''Empress'' . O weputara egwu egwu na nka mkpuchi nke abọ egwú wee kwuputa na a ga-ewepụta ya na 20 Nọvemba 2020. Ndepụta egwu egwu nke ọba ahụ nwere egwu iri na ise ma nwee ihe ngosi ndị ọbịa na mmekorita sitere na onyinye Grammy meriri Estelle, Vegedream, [[Patoranking]], Rudeboy, Mzansi Youth Choir na Dadju . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-17|title=Yemi Alade's Album "Empress" Features Estelle, Rudeboy And Patoranking|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/yemi-alades-album-empress-features-estelle-rudeboy-and-patoranking/|accessdate=2020-11-19|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-12-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202214839/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/yemi-alades-album-empress-features-estelle-rudeboy-and-patoranking/}}</ref> Ọ debakwara Vtek, Phil Keyz, Egar Boi, Dr. Amir Krizbeatz, IamBeatz, Youp Boelen, Jimmy Huru na Yung Felix dị ka ndị na-emepụta album ahụ. Ndị egwu egwu ọ gụnyekwara aha bụ Fiokee na Max Meurs. Ndekọ a nwetara otuto dị mma ma nwee ndị otu kachasị na ọba egwu Alade niile. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-17|title=Yemi Alade Shares "Empress" Album Art & Track-list {{!}} Mp3 Download .|url=https://www.jotnaija.com/yemi-alade-album-empress-drops-on-20th/|accessdate=2020-11-19|work=JotNaija|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-11-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117161611/https://www.jotnaija.com/yemi-alade-album-empress-drops-on-20th/}}</ref> Na 13 Ọgọst 2021 Yemi Alade wepụtara EP ''Queendoncom'' nke abụọ ya na otu asaa. Ọ bụ ọba egwu niile ka Alade egosighi ọbịbịa ọbịbịa na ọrụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-13|title=DOWNLOAD: Yemi Alade drops 'Queendoncom' EP|url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/download-yemi-alade-queendoncom-ep/|accessdate=2021-10-19|work=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nkwado == Yemi Alade etinyela aka na mmemme nkwado kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke ọrụ egwu ya. N'abalị asaa nke ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2018, Alade gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya bụ Victory Grammar School, Ikeja bụ nke ọ rụkwara ọrụ ebere. O ji ngwá ọrụ nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ na-esiri ike ịhụ ụzọ aka iji nyere ha aka ịhụ ụzọ nke ọma. O tinyere aka na nke a site na ntọala ya (Helen na James Pathway Foundation). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yemi Alade gives back to the Secondary school she attended as a Teenager|url=https://soundcity.tv/news/yemi-alade-gives-back-to-the-secondary-school-she-attended-as-a-teenager/|accessdate=2020-09-10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-16|title=Yemi Alade visits alma mater|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/yemi-alade-visits-alma-mater/|accessdate=2020-09-10|work=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Yemi_Alade_performs_at_the_Nairobi_Summit_2019.jpg|thumb| Yemi Alade na-eme na Summit Nairobi na ICPD25, 2019]] Na 15 Nọvemba 2019, egosipụtara Alade na Summit Nairobi na ICPD25 maka ngagharị ''A Global Call to Action'' maka ụmụaka nwere nkwarụ na Kenya. O mere n'akụkụ Chawki <ref>{{Cite web|author=833606606777558|title=People first: Nairobi Summit ends with clear path forward|url=https://news.nestia.com/detail_share/2730973?media_type=1|accessdate=2020-09-14|work=news.nestia.com}}</ref> === 2020: COVID-19 nkwado === N'afọ 2020, Alade sonyeere Mmemme Mmepe Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu iji kwuo okwu maka nchekwa na enyemaka ndị ogbenye n'ofe Afrịka ọrịa ọrịa corona na-emetụta. <ref name=":3"/> E gosikwara ya na mkpọsa Unite for the Future site n'aka Global Citizen <ref name=":4"/> Na mmekorita ya na Nelson Mandela Foundation na MTV Base, Alade sonyeere Otu Mgbasa Ozi na ngagharị ''guzo n'otu megide Covid-19'' E gosipụtara ya na egwu mkpọsa "Guzokọ ọnụ. " nke jikọrọ aka na ndị omenkà Africa ndị ọzọ dị ka 2Baba, Ahmed Soultan, Ben Pol, [[Teni (singer)|Teni]], Amanda Black, Stanley Enow, Gigi La Mayne, Prodigio na Betty G <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-16|title=LISTEN: 'Stand Together!' We're raising our voices and fighting COVID-19 as #ONEWorld|url=https://www.one.org/africa/take-action/oneworld/standtogether/|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=ONE|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821010709/https://www.one.org/africa/take-action/oneworld/standtogether/}}</ref> Na 23 Septemba 2020, Onye isi otu Achim Steiner họpụtara Yemi Alade ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya ọdịmma nke United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) . O kwere UNDP nkwa na ya lekwasịrị anya na ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable ga-abụ na ahaghị nhata, inye ụmụ nwanyị ike na ime ka mmata maka mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yemi Alade|url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/goodwill-ambassadors/Yemi_Alade.html|accessdate=2020-09-23|work=UNDP|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Afro-pop star Yemi Alade to promote women's empowerment and a green COVID-19 recovery as new Goodwill Ambassador for UNDP|url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/news-centre/news/2020/Yemi_Alade_new_Goodwill_Ambassador_for_UNDP.html|accessdate=2020-09-23|work=UNDP|language=en}}</ref> Na 30 Ọktoba 2020, Alade mere egwu egwu ya "Ezigbo ịhụnanya" na "Africa" na TED mebere Countdown zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ngụkọta a bụ ebumnuche TED iji mee ka azịza dị ngwa maka nsogbu ihu igwe gburugburu ụwa. Tupu arụmọrụ ya, Alade kwuru maka ịbụ akụkụ nke obodo na-ama ibe ha aka ịchọta ụzọ isi belata ikuku carbon zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2020-10-30|title=Yemi Alade’s Performance at TED’s Virtual Countdown Global Launch is a Must Watch|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/10/yemialade-teds-global-launch/|accessdate=2021-10-28|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> Kemgbe nhọpụta Alade dị ka onye nnọchi anya mmemme mmepe nke United Nations, ọmụrụ nwa ya maka ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable abawanyela ka ọ na-etinye aka na mmemme na mmemme ga-enyere aka mee mgbanwe na gburugburu ebe ka mma na ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke . [[Usòrò:Yemi_Alade_with_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cambridge.jpg|thumb| Yemi Alade na Prince William, Duke na Duchess nke Cambridge]] Na 17 Ọktoba 2021, Alade rụrụ na emume Earthshot Prize nke mere na Alexandra Obí, London na òkù nke ezinụlọ eze ( Duke na Duchess nke Cambridge ). Ndị Royal Foundation na-akwado mmemme a ma bu n'obi kesaa ihe nrite na ihe nrite nye mmadụ ise kwa afọ bụ ndị na-enyere gburugburu ebe obibi aka nke ukwuu. Alade rụrụ n'akụkụ Ed Sheeran, Shawn Mendez, Egwuregwu oyi na KSI . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-18|title=Yemi Alade performs for Royal family at Earthshot Prize|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/10/yemi-alade-performs-for-royal-family-at-earthshot-prize/|accessdate=2021-10-19|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Dị ka Alade si kwuo, ezinụlọ eze n'onwe ha ahọrọla egwu ya "Rain" ka a mee na mmemme ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-18|title=Prince William reveals Earthshot Prize winners in global bid to tackle climate crisis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/oct/18/prince-william-reveals-earthshot-prize-winners-in-global-bid-to-tackle-climate-crisis|accessdate=2021-10-19|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> == Njegharị == Yemi Alade agaala njegharị mba uwa ise, na-eso ọba studio ya: [[Usòrò:Yemi_Alade_performing_for_50,000_fans_in_Benjamin_Mkapa_National_Stadium,_Dar-es-Salaam,_Tanzania.png|thumb| Yemi Alade na-eme ndị fan 50,000 na Dar-es-Salaam, [[Tanzania]]]] * Eze ndị eze nwaanyị njem * Njem Mama Afrịka <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/04/yemi-alade-kicks-off-her-mama-africa-world-tour-in-paris-selling-out-the-le-trianon-see-photos/|title=Yemi Alade Kicks Off her Mama Africa World Tour in Paris selling out the Le Trianon {{!}} See Photos|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2017-04-08|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-18}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20170405-eye-africa-yemi-alade-mama-africa-anc-close-ranks-behind-zuma-gambia-legislative-election|title=Eye on Africa - Nigerian afropop star Yemi Alade in Paris on 'Mama Africa' World Tour|date=2017-04-06|work=France 24|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-18}}</ref> * * Njem Ime Anwansi <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tooxclusive.com/video-yemi-alade-black-magic-world-tour-diary-episode-1/|title=[Video] Yemi Alade - Black Magic World Tour Diary (Episode 1) « tooXclusive|date=2018-07-26|work=tooXclusive|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-18|archivedate=2021-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429193413/https://tooxclusive.com/video-yemi-alade-black-magic-world-tour-diary-episode-1/}}</ref> * Nwanyị na-eme njem nchara nchara <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.today.ng/multimedia/photo/yemi-alade-kicks-wos-tour-ethiopia-pictures-video-260304|title=Yemi Alade kicks off "WOS" World Tour in Ethiopia — in pictures & video|author=TODAY|date=2019-10-29|work=TODAY|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-18}}</ref> * Njem Empress <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-09|title=How Yemi Alade shutdown 9.30 nightclub in US|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/10/how-yemi-alade-shutdown-9-30-nightclub-in-us/|accessdate=2021-10-19|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == === Abọ egwú === * '''''Eze ndị eze nwaanyị'' (2015)''' * '''''Mama Africa (Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke nwanyị Africa)'' (2016)''' * '''''Anwansi ojii'' (2017)''' * '''''Nwanyị Steel'' (2019)''' * '''''Empress'' (2020)''' * '''''Rebel Queen'' (2024)''' === Ejije gbatịrị agbatị === * '''''Mama Afrique''''' '''(2017)''' * '''''Queendoncom (2021)''''' * ''''' African Baddie''''' (2022) * ''''' Mamapiano''''' (2023) == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Onye nduzi ! Ref |- | 2019 | Ụlọ (Ihe nkiri ahụ) | Nneka | [[Clarence Peters]] | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-10|title=Watch Yemi Alade's New Short Film for Her Latest Single 'Home'|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/yemi-alade-short-film-music-video-new-single-home-clarance-peters/|accessdate=2020-07-30|work=OkayAfrica|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-10|title=Finally! Yemi Alade Premieres Her Short Film, "Home"|url=https://www.eelive.ng/finally-yemi-alade-premieres-her-short-film-home/|accessdate=2020-07-30|work=eelive|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | Oji bu Eze | Yemi Alade | [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyonce]] | <ref name=":0"/> |- | [[Omo Ghetto: The Saga]] | Mogambo | [[Funke Akindele|Funke Akindele-Bello]] | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-07|title=Yemi Alade to make Movie debut in Funke Akindele's "Omo Ghetto: The Saga" « tooXclusive|url=https://tooxclusive.com/yemi-alade-to-make-movie-debut-in-funke-akindeles-omo-ghetto-the-saga/|accessdate=2021-02-19|work=tooXclusive|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228135049/https://tooxclusive.com/yemi-alade-to-make-movie-debut-in-funke-akindeles-omo-ghetto-the-saga/}}</ref> |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Ihe ndetu ! Ref |- | 2017 | rowspan="2" | Voice Nigeria | rowspan="2" | Onye nkuzi | Dochiri 2baba onye nchịkwa site na oge 1 | <ref name=":1"/> |- | 2020 | Ọlaghachiri dị ka onye nchịkwa maka oge 3 | <ref name=":2"/> |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == === AFRIMA Awards (All Africa Music Awards) === === AFRIMMA mmeri (onyinye akwụkwọ akụkọ Muzik nke Africa) === === MTV African Music Awards === === Soundcity MVP ihe nrite === === Ihe nrite egwu kwụụrụ onwe ya === === Ihe nrite BET === === Niajiria Entertainment ihe nrite === === City People Entertainment Awards === === MOBO ihe nrite === === Ihe nrite YEM === === WatsUp TV Africa Music Video Awards === === Ndị isi === === NET Sọpụrụ === === Hụkwa === * Ndepụta ndị egwu Naịjirịa == Ndemsibia == {{Yemi Alade}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 79i9gg1bjb7457hp4p3piuh0ibl2fec 0 11764 692371 688062 2026-07-29T21:43:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}} == Early life and education == Amụrụ Samuel na 18 September 1990, na calabar, cross river state, o gara federal government girls college, calabar MA GA mahadum nke calabar na 2006 ebe ọ nwetara nzere BSc na zoology na environmental biology. Na afo2021, Samuel nwetara nzere advanced diploma inhuman resource management na organisational development nke university of Lagos, Nigeria. == Personal life == N'August 2017, nwanne ya nwoke, Blessing Samuel, nwụrụ mgbe ọ rịachara obere ọrịa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-11|title=Media personality Wofai Samuel loses brother, writes touching tribute|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/media-personality-wofai-samuel-loses-brother-writes-touching-tributes/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye ọrụ na Mahadum Calabar na nke a bịara mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị na 1996. == Ọrụ == === Azụmahịa na itinye ego === [[Usòrò:Wofai_Samuel_with_a_cross-section_of_Belarusian_Ministers_in_Minsk.jpg|thumb| Samuel nwere akụkụ obe nke Belarusian Minister na Minsk na 2017]] Samuel chịburu <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-10|title=CBN Cashless Card Expo Africa starts June 14|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cbn-cashless-card-expo-africa-starts-june-14/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> Central Bank of Nigeria Cashless Card Forum <ref>{{Cite web|title=At the CBN CASHLESS CARDEXPO AFRICA 2016 - Paul Ukpabio's Blog|url=https://www.paulukpabio.com.ng/2016/06/at-cbn-cashless-cardexpo-africa-2016.html?m=0|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=www.paulukpabio.com.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-27|title=WOFAI SAMUEL HOST 2016 CBN CASHLESS DINNER AND AWARDS [PICTURES]|url=https://calabarblog.com/wofai-samuel-host-2016-cbn-cashless-dinner-awards-pictures/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=CALABAR BLOG|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225123031/https://calabarblog.com/wofai-samuel-host-2016-cbn-cashless-dinner-awards-pictures/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=eventnewsafrica|date=2016-05-30|title=CBN Cashless Card Expo 2016|url=https://www.eventnews.tv/event/cbn-cashless-card-expo-2016/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Eventnews Africa|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225123024/https://www.eventnews.tv/event/cbn-cashless-card-expo-2016/}}</ref> na 2016 na mbipụta nke isii nke Kọmitii E-banking Heads <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-09|title=Wofai Samuel hosts top dignitaries at 6th e-banking retreat|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/wofai-samuel-hosts-top-dignitaries-at-6th-e-banking-retreat/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> Retreat. Na June 2017, Samuel bụ onyeisi oche nke Ministerial Panels for [[Belarus]] -Africa Forum na Minsk, nke Development Bank of Belarus na African Export-Import Bank haziri, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-16|title=Minsk: Wofai Samuel chairs ministerial discussions for Belarus, Africa forum|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/minsk-wofai-samuel-chairs-ministerial-discussions-belarus-africa-forum/|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> na mmekorita ya na Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belarus) na Belarus Ministry of Agriculture. . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-15|title=Wofai Samuel hosts Belarus - Africa forum in Minsk|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/wofai-samuel-hosts-belarus-africa-forum-minsk/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> Na February 2018, Samuel chịburu Global Trade Review's <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-25|title=Experts seek infrastructural development to foster trade, investment in West Africa|url=https://guardian.ng/news/experts-seek-infrastructural-development-to-foster-trade-investment-in-west-africa/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225013600/https://guardian.ng/news/experts-seek-infrastructural-development-to-foster-trade-investment-in-west-africa/}}</ref> West Africa Trade and Export Finance Conference. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Trade Review West Africa at Global Trade Review via Movemeback|url=https://www.movemeback.com/events/global-trade-review-global-trade-review-west-africa/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Movemeback|language=en}}</ref> N'October 2018, O nyere okwu isi okwu maka African Investments UK, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Investments|first=African|date=October 2018|title=African Investments Final Agenda|url=https://www.africaninvestments.co/wp-content/uploads/sites/96/2018/10/Nigeria-and-LoftyInc-2018-Final-Agenda.pdf|accessdate=2022-02-24|archivedate=2021-12-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223105243/https://www.africaninvestments.co/wp-content/uploads/sites/96/2018/10/Nigeria-and-LoftyInc-2018-Final-Agenda.pdf}}</ref> na ihe kpatara itinye ego na Naijiria. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-14|title=Wofai Samuel speaks on 'Why Invest in Nigeria'|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/11/wofai-samuel-speaks-on-why-invest-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2018, ọ chịziri Mwepụta nke African Export–Import Bank Project Preparation Facility <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-24|title=Wofai chairs Afrexim Bank's Launch of PPF in Jo'burg, South Africa|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/11/wofai-chairs-afrexim-banks-launch-of-ppf-in-joburg-south-africa/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> n'akụkụ nke African Development Bank (AfDB) Investment Forum, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-15|title=Wofai Samuel, Chairs Afrexim Bank's Launch of PPF in Jo'burg|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/wofai-samuel-chairs-afrexim-banks-launch-of-ppf-in-joburg/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> South Africa. Samuel chịburu West Africa Trade & Investment Stakeholders Nzukọ <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-25|title=Experts seek infrastructural development to foster trade, investment in West Africa|url=https://guardian.ng/news/experts-seek-infrastructural-development-to-foster-trade-investment-in-west-africa/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225013600/https://guardian.ng/news/experts-seek-infrastructural-development-to-foster-trade-investment-in-west-africa/}}</ref> na Nigeria-Italy Economic Investment Summit na 2019. Na Maachị 2021, ọ chịburu ọgbakọ nke <ref>{{Cite web|title=WOFAI SAMUEL – ALCFI|url=https://alcfi.com/wofai-samuel/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225123024/https://alcfi.com/wofai-samuel/}}</ref> African Finance, Economy & Compliance e mere <ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa's leading oil and gas event.|url=https://africa-oilweek.com/Articles/week-round-up0104|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=africa-oilweek.com|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225123027/https://africa-oilweek.com/Articles/week-round-up0104}}</ref> n'anụ ahụ yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na [[Angola]] . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-27|title=African Local Content Fund Initiative launched in Angola|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/african-local-content-fund-initiative-launched-in-angola/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba 2021, ọ duru onye isi Federal Ministry of Communications & Digital Economy's ICT-SMEs Forum na Frequency Spectrum Conference na Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=Wofai Samuel chairs Federal Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy Frequency Spectrum Management Forum|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/12/wofai-samuel-chairs-federal-ministry-of-communications-and-digital-economy-frequency-spectrum-management-forum/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Na June na Nọvemba 2018, Samuel mere ndokwa ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche Africa Trade and Investment Global Summit na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] <ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|title=admin - ATIGS|url=https://atigs2018.com/admin-atigs/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=ATIGS – 2018|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225123030/https://atigs2018.com/admin-atigs/}}</ref> na Mines & Money London, Otú ọ dị, ọ tụfuru nzukọ ndị a na ndabere nke akwụkwọ ikike visa nke American Embassy na British High Commission. Abuja . === Mmanụ na gas === Samuel bụ oche nwanyị mbụ maka Oil Trading Logistics Africa Downstream (ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala) Izu, OTL na Ọktoba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-09|title=Wofai Samuel establishes New Frontiers|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/11/wofai-samuel-establishes-new-frontiers/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba, ọ chịziri nnọkọ ọgbakọ maka Oil and Gas Council <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-13|title=Oil and Gas Council holds Nigeria Assembly|url=https://punchng.com/oil-and-gas-council-confer-on-investment-in-sector/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-06|title=Media personality Wofai Samuel emerges youngest representative for the energy Nigeria assembly|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/media-personality-wofai-samuel-emerges-youngest-representative-for-the-energy-nigeria-assembly/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Nigeria Energy Assembly. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-30|title=Oil and Gas executives set roadmap at West Africa Energy Assembly|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/oil-gas-executives-set-roadmap-west-africa-energy-assembly/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-05-30|title=Oil and gas experts meet in private drinks reception|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/oil-gas-experts-meet-private-drinks-reception/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> Ministri Petroleum [[Kenya]], na ọtụtụ gọọmentị Africa ndị ọzọ gbakọtara na Nairobi maka Summit Sub-Saharan Africa Mmanụ, Gas & Energy Infrastructure Summit, Samuel <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-20|title=Wofai Samuel chairs Oil, Gas & Energy infrastructure summit in Kenya|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/wofai-samuel-chairs-oil-gas-energy-infrastructure-summit-in-kenya/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> na-elekọta emume a na 2018. Na Nọvemba 2019, Samuel bụ onye isi okwu maka mmiri emepụtara Texas, ogbako njikwa mmiri mba ụwa <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-18|title=Wofai Samuel leads keynote presentation for Produced Water Management Conference, Africa|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/11/wofai-samuel-leads-keynote-presentation-for-produced-water-management-conference-africa/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-21|title=FIN Holds Exclusive Virtual Meeting with Secretary-General of APPO|url=https://ibekachikwu.com/fin-holds-exclusive-virtual-meeting-with-secretary-general-of-appo/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Ibe Kachikwu|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225013602/https://ibekachikwu.com/fin-holds-exclusive-virtual-meeting-with-secretary-general-of-appo/}}</ref> nke mba ụwa. Na Julaị 2020, a họpụtara Samuel ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke FIN Oil & Gas, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title=Foreign Investment Network - fIN host Global Petroleum Leaders in it's Upstream Oil & Gas Investment Meeting|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/12/foreign-investment-network-fin-host-global-petroleum-leaders-in-its-upstream-oil-gas-investment-meeting/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> ntinye ego si mba ofesi dabere na London. Na Disemba 2020, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-05|title=Petroleum Industry Leaders Across The Globe, Grace Foreign Investment Network FIN Upstream Oil & Gas Investment Meeting|url=https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/petroleum-industry-leaders-across-the-globe-grace-foreign-investment-network-fin-upstream-oil-gas-investment-meeting/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Foreign Investment Network|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225141846/https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/petroleum-industry-leaders-across-the-globe-grace-foreign-investment-network-fin-upstream-oil-gas-investment-meeting/}}</ref> Samuel weputara usoro nzukọ <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-18|title=FIN hosts Secretary General of African Petroleum Producers Organization|url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/fin-hosts-secretary-general-of-african-petroleum-producers-organization/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=TVC News|language=en-US}}</ref> maka Upstream (ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala), na-adọta mba 22, 21 Petroleum & Energy Operating Companies n'ụwa niile <ref>{{Cite web|author=admineuro|title=Foreign Investment Network – fIN host Twenty One Petroleum & Energy Operating Companies in it’s Upstream Oil & Gas Investment Meeting. {{!}} Euro Knowledge|url=https://euroknowledge.org/foreign-investment-network-fin-host-twenty-one-petroleum-energy-operating-companies-in-its-upstream-oil-gas-investment-meeting/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en-GB}}</ref> na 150 Senior <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-24|title=Global Investment outlook for Upstream Oil & Gas Post Covid-19, Perspectives from the Top.|url=https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/global-investment-outlook-for-upstream-oil-gas-post-covid-19-perspectives-from-the-top/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Foreign Investment Network|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225141844/https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/global-investment-outlook-for-upstream-oil-gas-post-covid-19-perspectives-from-the-top/}}</ref> ndị nwere oke, gụnyere nke Federal Ministry nke Petroleum Resources (Nigeria), African Petroleum Producers' Organisation, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-26|title=fIN holds an exclusive conversation with The Secretary General of African Petroleum Producers Organization.|url=https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/fin-holds-an-exclusive-conversation-with-the-secretary-general-of-african-petroleum-producers-organization/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Foreign Investment Network|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225141844/https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/fin-holds-an-exclusive-conversation-with-the-secretary-general-of-african-petroleum-producers-organization/}}</ref> Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Shell, Waltersmith Petroman Oil, Chevron, Bank of America, Exxon Mobil, Invictus Energy Australia, Schlumberger, Crystol Energy, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-17|title=Experts Seek Improved Intra-African Trade to Sustain Energy Sector|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/10/17/experts-seek-improved-intra-african-trade-to-sustain-energy-sector/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> na Saudi Aramco . === Ike na ume === Na 2017, Samuel duru <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-03|title=Nigerian companies shine at regional awards|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nigerian-companies-shine-at-regional-awards/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> West Africa Power & Energy Industry Awards <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-15|title=Wofai Samuel to host West African Power Industry Awards|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/11/wofai-samuel-host-west-african-power-industry-awards/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> maka Spintelligent South Africa. Ọ chịkwara West Africa Energy, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-19|title=Africa Business Ventures and Investment reveals plans for 2018 summit|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/africa-business-ventures-and-investment-reveals-plans-for-2018-summit/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Trade & Mining Infrastructure Summit, [[Ghana]] na 2018. Na 10 Ọgọst 2021, a họpụtara Samuel ka ọ bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Team – African Energy & Infrastructure|url=https://www.africaenergyandinfrastructure.com/about-us/our-team/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225141845/https://www.africaenergyandinfrastructure.com/about-us/our-team/}}</ref> Africa Energy and Infrastructure (UK). <ref>{{Cite web|title=African Leadership Magazine – ALM, Signs MOU with the Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), to Promote Multi-lateral Investment Opportunities in the Energy & Infrastructure Sectors. – African Energy & Infrastructure|url=https://www.africaenergyandinfrastructure.com/african-leadership-magazine-alm-signs-mou-with-the-associated-chambers-of-commerce-industry-of-india-assocham-to-promote-multi-lateral-investment-opportunities-in-the-energy-infrastr/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225141845/https://www.africaenergyandinfrastructure.com/african-leadership-magazine-alm-signs-mou-with-the-associated-chambers-of-commerce-industry-of-india-assocham-to-promote-multi-lateral-investment-opportunities-in-the-energy-infrastr/}}</ref> == Ọrụ mmekọrịta == Na 24 Disemba 2020, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-03|title=Wofai Samuel elected as Communications Chair for United States of America’s Exchange Program YALI|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/wofai-samuel-elected-as-communications-chair-for-united-states-of-americas-exchange-program-yali/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> a họpụtara Samuel ka onye isi oche nkwukọrịta nke anọ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=YALI RLC Alumni|date=2022-01-03|title=U.S Consulate, reiterates support for YALI RLC Alumni activities in Nigeria — Wofai Samuel.|url=https://yalirlcalumning.medium.com/u-s-consulate-reiterates-support-for-yali-rlc-alumni-activities-in-nigeria-wofai-samuel-4ee3a04298df|accessdate=2022-01-03|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref> maka ndị isi ntorobịa Africa, YALI RLC West Africa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wofai Samuel - Meet the alumni|url=http://meetalumni.yaliwestafrica.org/profile/view/wofai-samuel|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=meetalumni.yaliwestafrica.org|language=en-us}}</ref> (Nigeria Alumnus <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=YALI RLC Alumni|date=2021-12-30|title=YALI RLC’s Wofai Samuel visits Secondary schools across Lagos, sensitizes Teens and Donates…|url=https://yalirlcalumning.medium.com/wofai-samuel-visits-secondary-schools-across-lagos-sensitizes-teens-and-donates-covid-19-f3474b79d6d5|accessdate=2022-01-03|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref> ). Ndị Royal Commonwealth Society họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka ikpe maka asọmpi Essay Commonwealth nke Queen na June 2021 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=YALI RLC Alumni|date=2022-01-03|title=Farewell Speech by YALI RLC Nigeria’s Communications Chair, Wofai Samuel|url=https://yalirlcalumning.medium.com/farewell-speech-by-wofai-samuel-64c015ec74e0|accessdate=2022-01-03|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref> wee ṅụọ iyi dị ka odeakwụkwọ mgbasa ozi <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-01|title=Wofai Samuel emerges publicity secretary for The United States Government Exchange Alumni Association|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/11/wofai-samuel-emerges-publicity-secretary-for-the-united-states-government-exchange-alumni-association/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> maka ndị otu mgbanwe mgbanwe gọọmentị United States <ref>{{Cite web|title=Excos|url=https://usgeaa.org/excos/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=United States Government Exchanges Alumni Association|language=en-GB}}</ref> na 1 October 2021. == Ihe nrite na nnabata == Na 2013, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-31|title=Here are the Nominees for Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards 2013|url=https://olorisupergal.com/2013/10/31/here-are-the-nominees-for-nigerian-broadcasters-merit-awards-2013/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Olori Supergal|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-04-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419134117/https://olorisupergal.com/2013/10/31/here-are-the-nominees-for-nigerian-broadcasters-merit-awards-2013/}}</ref> 2014 <ref>{{Cite web|author=esho|first=wemi|date=2014-10-03|title=Nominees For Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards (NBMA) 2014|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/final-list-nominees-for-nigerian-broadcasters-merit-awards-nbma-2014/5ps8jpv|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> na 2015 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Finally! Here Is Authentic List Of Nominees For NBMA 2015|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/204198/finally-here-is-authentic-list-of-nominees-for-nbma-2015.html|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> n'otu n'otu, a họpụtara Samuel maka Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards na ụdị nke Ọpụrụiche TV Personality nke afọ. Ọ bụ onye nnata nke Life Changers Awards, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Popular OAP, Wofai Samuel to Be Hosted in London|url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/celebrity-gossips/98-radio-n-tv/33223-popular-oap-wofai-samuel-to-be-hosted-in-london|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Nigeriafilms.com|language=en-gb|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225170357/https://www.nigeriafilms.com/celebrity-gossips/98-radio-n-tv/33223-popular-oap-wofai-samuel-to-be-hosted-in-london}}</ref> United Kingdom (2015), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Popular OAP, Wofai Samuel to Be Hosted in London|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/190412/popular-oap-wofai-samuel-to-be-hosted-in-london.html|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Maya Awards Africa (2016), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Photos! Juliet Ibrahim, Mercy Aigbe, Wofai Samuel, More Storm MAYA Awards + Winners List|url=https://onobello.com/photos-juliet-ibrahim-mercy-aigbe-wofai-samuel-more-storm-maya-awards-winners-list/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=onobello.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225170353/https://onobello.com/photos-juliet-ibrahim-mercy-aigbe-wofai-samuel-more-storm-maya-awards-winners-list/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-07|title=CROSS RIVER BORN WOFAI SAMUEL WINS MAYA AWARDS 2016 – TV PERSONALITY OF THE YEAR|url=https://calabarblog.com/cross-river-born-wofai-samuel-wins-maya-awards-2016-tv-personality-of-the-year/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=CALABAR BLOG|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225170350/https://calabarblog.com/cross-river-born-wofai-samuel-wins-maya-awards-2016-tv-personality-of-the-year/}}</ref> West Africa Media Community Awards (2019), <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-25|title=International Media Personality, Wofai Samuel bags West Africa Media Community Awards for Excellence in Public Communications|url=https://trekafrica.net/headlines/international-media-personality-wofai-samuel-bags-west-africa-media-community-awards-for-excellence-in-public-communications/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Trek Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Prestige International Excellence Awards. (2019), <ref>{{Cite web|author=prestigeNewsEditor|title=International Media Personality, Wofai Samuel bags Prestige Excellence Awards as International Media Personality of The Year.|url=https://www.prestigenewsonline.com/international-media-personality-wofai-samuel-bags-prestige-excellence-awards-as-international-media-personality-of-the-year/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en-US}}</ref> na Trek Africa Awards 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-23|title=WOFAI SAMUEL SHINES AS TREK AFRICA INTERNATIONAL MEDIA PERSONALITY OF THE YEAR|url=https://trekafrica.net/headlines/wofai-samuel-shines-as-trek-africa-international-media-personality-of-the-year/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Trek Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> N’ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, akpọrọ Samuel na <nowiki><i id="mw4w">Forbes Africa</i></nowiki> ka ọ na-akpụzi ọdịnihu kọntinent ahụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Africa|first=Forbes|date=October 2020|title=Investing in Africas Leading Businesses Supplement.pdf|url=https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Investing-in-Africas-Leading-Businesses-Supplement.pdf|journal=}}</ref> == Edemsibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7vt1nrwigbgz2rlgind0290nu47su8a 0 12119 692318 145493 2026-07-29T19:11:46Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  '''Gabeba Baderoon''' (amụrụ 21 February nke afọ 1969) bụ onye South Africa na-ede uri na agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ bụ n'afọ 2005 nnata nke Daimler Chrysler Award maka uri South Africa. Ọ na-ebi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Cape Town, [[South Africa]], na [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], US, ma na-eje ozi dị ka osote prọfesọ nke Women's Studies na African and African American Studies na Penn State . <ref name="Penn State">{{Cite web|title=Catching up with Gabeba Baderoon|url=http://www.rps.psu.edu/unplugged/fall09/baderoon.html|publisher=Research Penn State|accessdate=13 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304015327/http://www.rps.psu.edu/unplugged/fall09/baderoon.html|archivedate=4 March 2012}}</ref> == Afọ mbụ na agụmakwụkwọ ya == Gabeba Baderoon mụrụ na Port Elizabeth, South Africa na 21 February 1969. Na 1989 ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Arts na Mahadum Cape Town na Bekee na Psychology. N'afọ 1991, e nyere ya nzere klaasị mbụ n'asụsụ bekee site na mmemme nsọpụrụ Mahadum Cape Town BA. O nwetara Master of Arts na English na Distinction na Mahadum Cape Town na Postmodernist Television (Media Studies) na 2004 gụchara akwụkwọ doctoral na Media Studies na Mahadum Cape Town, n'otu afọ ahụ na-etinye oge na Mahadum Sheffield., UK, dị ka ọkà mmụta nleta . Ọ dechara akwụkwọ edemede ya nke isiokwu ya bụ "Oblique Figures: Representations of Islam in South African Media and Culture." Ọ na-eke ndụ ya n'etiti Port Elizabeth na Pennsylvania. == Nchịkọta uri == * ''Nrọ n'ime ahụ na-esote'' (2005): ** Akwụkwọ ama ama nke 2005 nke ''Sunday Independent'' na South Africa ** Akwụkwọ akwadoro ''Sunday Times'' * ''Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke ndụ nkịtị'' (2005) * ''Otu narị nkịtị'' (2006): ** edepụtara aha maka 2007 University of Johannesburg Prize ** 2007 Olive Schreiner Award * ''Ịgbachi nkịtị Tupu ikwu okwu'' <ref name="Artist Site">{{Cite web|title=Gabeba Baderoon|url=http://www.gabeba.com/|accessdate=13 April 2012|archivedate=24 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224110842/https://www.gabeba.com/}}</ref> * ''Cinnamon'' (2009) * ''Akụkọ gbasara mmekọrịta chiri anya'' (2018) == Ihe nrite ya == * 2005: Daimler Chrysler Award maka uri South Africa * 2005: Mmekọrịta Onye ode akwụkwọ ọbịa na Nordic Africa Institute * 2008: Mmekọrịta Civitella Ranieri na Italy * 2008: Ebe obibi onye ode akwụkwọ na Mahadum Witwatersrand <ref name="Badilisha">{{Cite web|title=Gabeba Baderoon|url=http://badilishapoetry.com/artists-profile/36/|publisher=Badilisha Poetry Exchange|accessdate=13 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620005330/http://badilishapoetry.com/artists-profile/36/|archivedate=20 June 2012}}</ref> * Akwụkwọ 2019 Media24 Akwụkwọ nrite: Ihe nrite Elisabeth Eybers maka ''akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmekọrịta chiri anya'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Winners of 2019 Media24 Books Literary Prizes announced|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/books/news/2019-06-13-winners-of-2019-media24-books-literary-prizes-announced/|accessdate=2020-06-19|work=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120329151005/http://badilishapoetry.com/radio/gabebabaderoon/ Pọdkastị sitere na uri Badilisha X-Change] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200218162636/http://victordlamini.bookslive.co.za/blog/2007/09/27/podcast-a-conversation-with-poet-gabeba-baderoon/#more-73 Pọdkastị ajụjụ ọnụ na Akwụkwọ Live] * [http://www.sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/city-inspiration-for-poet-1-439347# Ajụjụ ọnụ ''Sheffield Telegraph'' .] * [http://www.moneyweb.co.za/mw/view/mw/en/page295023?oid=223837&sn=2009+Detail Ajụjụ ọnụ na Weebụ Ego] {{DEFAULTSORT:Baderoon, Gabeba}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] cckwgdjfd3fonj9fvv3x1b5jdx3g9as 0 12184 692099 128402 2026-07-29T17:22:43Z King ChristLike 13051 added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Farida Karodia''' (amuru afo 1942) bu onye ode akwukwo South Afrika na ode akwukwo nkenke. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Farida Karoida na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ Cape, ebe kpaliri ntọala maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Daughters of Twilight'' (1986). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Karodia|first=Farida|title=Coming Home and Other Stories|year=1988|publisher=Heineman|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=0435907387}}</ref> Ọ kụziiri ihe na Johannesburg, South Africa, [[Zambia]], Swaziland. Na afo 1968 gọọmenti South Afrika wepụrụ ya paspọtụ. N'ịbụ onye chere ndị ọrụ mmanye ihu na South Afrika, ọ kwagara Canada. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Pirbhal|first=Mariam|title=''Mythologies of Migration, Vocabularies of Indenture: Novels of the South Asian Diaspora in Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia-Pacific|year=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|url=http://www.utppublishing.com/Mythologies-of-Migration-Vocabularies-of-Indenture-Novels-of-the-South-Asian-Diaspora-in-Africa-the-Caribbean-and-Asia-Pacific.html|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ ebe ahụ, ebe o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya wee dee n'ọtụtụ usoro, gụnyere ihe nkiri, telivishọn, na ihe nkiri redio CBC . Ọ laghachiri South Afrika na afo 1994. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dị ka onye edemede nweere onwe ya wee kesaa oge ya n'etiti Canada na South Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web|author=International Festival of Literature Berlin|title=Farida Karodia|url=http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?3578|accessdate=26 April 2013|archivedate=24 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224041526/http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?3578}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya bụ ''Daughters of the Twilight'' ebipụtara na afo 1986 ma bụrụ onye gbara ọsọ maka ihe nrite akwụkwọ Fawcett. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bi na Canada n'oge ahụ, akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwu banyere ihe isi ike ndị na-abụghị ndị ọcha chere ihu n'ịgụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Agbanyeghị na afo 1990 ọ dekwara gbasara Canada. Ọzọkwa n'ime oge nọrọ na India na afo 1991 o dere na film ''Midnight Embers'' . Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ ''A Shattering of Silence'' (1993), nke e debere n’oge agha obodo Mozambique, na-eso Faith, ada nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ Canada, mgbe e gbusịrị nne na nna ya. ''Against an African Sky and Other Akụkọ'' (1994) bụ otu n'ime ọrụ mbụ ya mgbe ọ laghachiri na South Africa. Na afo 2000, a họpụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya ''Ihe nzuzo ndị ọzọ'' maka onyinye IMPAC Dublin. Ma ọ bụ edobeghị akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'Africa lekwasịrị anya naanị na South Africa. ''Oke'' (2003) lekwasịrị anya na nlọghachi ụmụ nwanyị atọ n'obere obodo South Africa, Vlenterhoek. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Penguin|title=''Boundaries'' Book Description|url=http://penguinbooks.co.za/ebook/boundaries/9780143529255|accessdate=26 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517173509/http://penguinbooks.co.za/ebook/boundaries/9780143529255|archivedate=17 May 2013}}</ref> == Nnabata dị mkpa == Na ''Mythologies of Migration, Vocabularies of Indenture: Novels of South Asia Diaspora in Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia-Pacific'' (2009), Mariam Pirbhal rụtụrụ aka na ọrụ Karodia enwetawo otuto karịa na mba abụọ ya nke Canada na South. Africa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ''ụmụ nwanyị Twilight,'' "anataghị nlebara anya dị egwu ma ọ bụ kwupụta na ọ na-enweta na Canada" ebe "a họpụtara ya maka Fawcett Literature Prize na Great Britain" (78), na mgbe ha rụgharịrị [akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ]" dị ka akụkụ mbụ nke akụkụ atọ nke multigenerational saga nke isiokwu ya bụ ''Ihe nzuzo ndị ọzọ'' nke Penguin bipụtara na 2000, [nke a] natakwara nhọpụta a ma ama, International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award, n'agbanyeghị na ọ naghị enwe ogologo ndụ na-ebipụta" (78) . Pirbhal na-arụtụ aka na ma ihe isi ike dị n'ịkewa Karodia na ọrụ ya n'ime agbụrụ agbụrụ na nke mba dị mma dị ka otu n'ime ike nke ọrụ ya, yana ihe nwere ike ịkpata enweghị nlebara anya na-ewu ewu na nke siri ike ma na-enweta n'ọnọdụ ndị na-abụghị ndị mba ọzọ. Karodia, ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ otu n'ime "olu pụrụ iche n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Africa . . . [nke] esoghị n'ụzọ zuru ezu na obere ntakịrị nke ndị edemede sitere na Europe bụ ndị na-ekwu okwu site na etiti akụkọ ihe mere eme [sic] nke ike ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na ha so na ya. maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ụmụ amaala Afrịka akpọnwụwo ndị na-ekwu okwu bụ ebe ọdịbendị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [sic] nke ọnọdụ mgbe ọchịchị gachara. . . . Ihe dị n'etiti, ma ọ bụ iji nkebi ahịrịokwu nke Karoida, 'ochichi' ikuku nke akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ ndị a na-emebi bụ echiche nke obodo diasporic nke mgbanwe na Africa dị ka ndị mmadụ gbapụrụ ugboro abụọ, ya bụ, ma na nchụpụ ha akụkọ ihe mere eme site na mpaghara ala India na n'ọkwa ha dị ka ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị nta akụkọ n'ala ọhụrụ" (79). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Pirbhal|first=Mariam|title=''Mythologies of Migration, Vocabularies of Indenture: Novels of the South Asian Diaspora in Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia-Pacific|year=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|url=http://www.utppublishing.com/Mythologies-of-Migration-Vocabularies-of-Indenture-Novels-of-the-South-Asian-Diaspora-in-Africa-the-Caribbean-and-Asia-Pacific.html|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref> N'otu aka ahụ, Ronit Frenkel na ''Reconsiderations: South African Indian Fiction na Ime nke agbụrụ na Postcolonial Culture'' (2010) ọnọdụ ọrụ Karodia, karịsịa ''ndị ọzọ Nzuzo'', dị ka akụkụ nke obere ìgwè nke South Africa akwụkwọ na-enye "ọzọ akụkọ na TRC [ Eziokwu na Ụlọ ọrụ na-eme ka ọ dịghachi ná mma], nke na-ekpughe mmetụta 'nkịtị' nke apartheid n'ụzọ na Commission na-emeghị" (112). Maka Frenkel, akụkọ banyere ezinụlọ Mohammed na-ekpughe "otu n'ime 'ihe nzuzo' nke apartheid nwara izobe ... ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dara n'etiti usoro nhazi ya n'otu ọkwa ma ọ bụ ọzọ. Ọnọdụ ala a na-adịghị ahụkebe na-egosipụta ụdị agbụrụ nke ezinụlọ n'onwe ya, bụ nke a na-ekewa Meena, Yasmin, na nna ha, Abdul dị ka India, ebe nne ha, Delia, na nne nne ha, Nana, na-ekewa dị ka agba . Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ jupụtara n'akụkọ ezinụlọ kewara site n'ụdị agbụrụ ha dị iche iche" (114). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Frenkel|first=Ronit|title=Reconsiderations: South African Indian Fiction and the Making of Race in Postcolonial Culture|year=2010|publisher=Unisa Press, University of South Africa|location=Johannesburg|url=http://www.unisa.ac.za/default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=24156}}</ref> Devarakshanam Govinden, depụtakwara Karodia dị ka otu n'ime "ụmụ nwanyị South Afrika India [bụ ndị] so na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ a nke ndị ode akwụkwọ South Africa na-etinye aka na 'ọjụjụ nke amnesia'. . . -narration' nke na-akọwapụta ụfọdụ n'ime 'ebe ndị ahụ enweghị oghere' nke njirimara South Afrika dị ka mba" (2). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Goviden|first=Devarakshanam|title='Sister Outsiders': The Representations of Identity and Difference in Selected Writings by South African Indian Women|year=2008|publisher=Unisa Press, University of South Africa|location=Johannesburg|url=http://www.unisa.ac.za/media/PDFflips/press/catalogue2012/unisapress2012-imagined-south-africa-series/images/page6.swf}}</ref> == Na-arụ ọrụ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ na mkpirisi akụkọ === * ''Ụmụ nwanyị Twilight'' (1986) * ''Ọbịbịa Ụlọ na Akụkọ Ndị Ọzọ'' (1988) * ''Ọkụkụ nke Ịdị jụụ'' (1991) * ''Against an African Sky'' (1994) * ''Ihe nzuzo ndị ọzọ'' (2000) * ''Oke'' (2003) === Akụkọ mgbe ochie === * "Uwe Uhie Uhie Uhie" na ''oghere mmeghe: Anthology of Contemporary African Women's Writing'' (1999) * "Crossmatch" na ''Akụkọ-Wallah: Akụkọ mkpirikpi sitere na ndị edemede South Asia'' (2004) ka ebigharịrị site na ''Against an African Sky'' == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * Rastogi, Pallavi. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162835/https://ohiostatepress.org/index.htm?books/book%20pages/rastogi%20afrindian.html Akụkọ ifo Afrindian Diaspora, Race, na National Desire na South Africa] Archived'' ''.'' Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2008. == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.oulitnet.co.za/nosecret/secret.asp Mkparịta ụka ya na Farida] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170412102421/http://culturebase.net/artist.php?3578 Eserese onye nka Farida Karodia maka ọdụ data ndị nka nke mba ụwa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180121080220/https://ohiostatepress.org/books/Book%20PDFs/Rastogi%20Afrindian.pdf Okwu mmalite nke Rastogi, Pallavi's ''Afrindian Fictions Diaspora, Race, and National Desire in South Africa'' (2008)] Archived {{DEFAULTSORT:Karodia, Farida}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fcfr5uqvmbqbvwcwbp8mix91oo4tnh4 0 12540 692546 74601 2026-07-30T09:44:07Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatima Waziri-Azi''' bụ onye ọka iwu Naijiria na onye bụbu onye isi ngalaba na-ahụ maka iwu ọha na Public Law at the Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-10|title=Meet Fatima Waziri-Azi: New Director General Of NAPTIP {{!}} The Abusites|url=https://www.theabusites.com/fatima-waziri-azi-new-dg-of-naptip/|accessdate=2022-03-29|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye enyemaka pụrụiche nye onyeisiala mba Naijiria bụ [[Muhammadu Buhari]] n'ihe gbasara iwu site n'ọnwa Ọgọst nke Afọ 2019 tupu a họpụta ya dịka onyeisi NAPTIP. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|date=8 September 2021|title=Buhari appoints Fatima Waziri-Azi as DG NAPTIP|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/09/just-in-buhari-appoints-fatima-waziri-azi-as-dg-naptip/}}</ref> Nwanyị na-akwado ikike ziri ezi megide onye na-akwado ime ihe ike n'ụlọ na nke mmekọahụ na ọkachamara n'ịchịkwa iwu. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Meet Fatima Waziri di new oga in-charge of NAPTIP|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/media-58505677|accessdate=2022-03-29}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-24|title=NAPTIP begins prosecution of Spain-based human trafficker, Mama Bobby|url=https://punchng.com/naptip-begins-prosecution-of-spain-based-human-trafficker-mama-bobby/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Fatima Waziri-Azi gara [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]], Zaria, nweta akara ugo mmụta bachelor na iwu na 2001. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=|url=https://www.theabusites.com/fatima-waziri-azi-new-dg-of-naptip/}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu, Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, UK (ACirb); Onye otu, Nigerian Bar Association (NBA); Onye otu, New York County Lawyers Association (NYCLA); Onye otu, Association of Women in Development (AWID); Onye otu, Women in International Security (WIIS). <ref>{{Cite news|title=Meet Fatima Waziri di new oga in-charge of NAPTIP|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/media-58505677|accessdate=2022-03-29}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Site n'ọnwa Jenụwarị nke afọ 2005 ruo ọnwa Ọgọst nke afọ 2006, Fatima Waziri-Azi rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọka iwu/onye isi mmemme na ikike ụmụnwanyị, okwu ntuli aka, na ngalaba ndozigharị nke ikpe ziri ezi. Site n'ọnwa Febrụwarị nke afọ 2016 ruo Nọvemba 2018, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha na mmemme na Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ Onye isi ala megide nrụrụ aka nke a kpọrọ Presidential Advisory Committee Against Corruption (PACAC) n'asụsụ bekee. Site n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2018, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enye ndụmọdụ gbasara iwu n'ụlọ ọrụ osote onye isi oche nke Federal Republic of Nigeria. Na Septemba 2021, Fatima Waziri-Azi ka a họpụtara dịka onye isi oche nke National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP). == Edensibia == <references responsive="0" /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Waziri-Azi, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] j63ckkyjiqgdwqgrvv7rjavh3t7m9lo 0 12706 692082 688021 2026-07-29T11:59:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tyra Lynne Banks''' (amụrụ Disemba 4, 1973), makwaara dị ka '''BanX''', <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/style/tyra-banks-changes-modeling-name-to-banx/|title=Why Tyra Banks Will Now Go by 'BanX': The Model Explains Her Name Makeover as She Comes Out of Retirement for SI Swim|work=PEOPLE.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-14}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/09/entertainment/tyra-banks-banx/index.html|title=Tyra Banks is now 'BanX'|author=Lisa Respers France|work=CNN|date=May 9, 2019|accessdate=2019-05-14}}</ref> bụ agwa telivishọn America, ihe nlereanya, nwanyị ọchụnta ego, onye na-emepụta ihe, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye edemede. Amụrụ na Inglewood, California, ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka ihe nlereanya mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, ma bụrụ nwanyị mbụ nke Africa-America ka egosipụtara na mkpuchi nke ''GQ'' na ''Egwuregwu Illustrated Swimsuit Issue'', nke ọ pụtara ugboro atọ. Ọ bụ mmụọ ozi nzuzo nke Victoria site na 1997 ruo 2005. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite 2000s, ụlọ akụ bụ otu n'ime ụdị ego kacha akwụ ụgwọ n'ụwa. Ụlọ akụ malitere ime ihe nkiri na telivishọn na sitcom ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air'' (1993), wee mee ihe nkiri mbụ ya na ihe nkiri ''Higher Learning'' (1995). Na 2000, o nwere nnukwu ọrụ ihe nkiri, dị ka Eve na Disney Channel 's ''Life-Size'' na Zoe na igbe igbe kụrụ ''Coyote Ugly .'' Ụlọ akụ nwere obere ọrụ na ihe nkiri egwuregwu ''ịhụnanya Love &amp;amp; Basketball'' (2000), ihe nkiri egwu ''Halloween: Mbilite n'ọnwụ'' (2002), na usoro telivishọn ''Gossip Girl'' (2009) na ''Glee'' (2013). <ref>{{Cite news|title=Hilary Duff, Tyra Banks appear in same episode of 'Gossip Girl'|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/hilary-duff-tyra-banks-episode-gossip-girl-article-1.382055|accessdate=20 January 2019|work=New York Daily News|date=2 October 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title='Glee': Tyra Banks Is Fierce And Hyper-Critical As A Modeling Agent (VIDEO)|date=November 22, 2013|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/22/glee-tyra-banks-fierce-bichette-modeling-agent-video_n_4321567.html|publisher=huffingtonpost.com|accessdate=20 January 2019}}</ref> == Mmalite ndu na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Tyra Lynne Banks <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tyra-banks/bio/177758|title=Tyra Banks Biography|work=[[TV Guide Network]]|accessdate=June 23, 2012}}</ref> na Inglewood, California, na Disemba 4, 1973. <ref name="biochannel" /> Nne ya, Carolyn London (ugbu a London-Johnson), bụ onye na-ese foto ahụike, <ref name="biochannel">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Tyra-Banks-16242328|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620065801/http://www.biography.com/articles/Tyra-Banks-16242328|archivedate=June 20, 2009|title=Tyra Banks Biography|publisher=[[The Biography Channel]]|accessdate=July 17, 2011}}</ref> na nna ya, Donald Banks, bụ onye na-ahụ maka kọmputa. <ref name="bod">{{Cite web|url=http://movies.msn.com/celebrities/celebrity-biography/tyra-banks/|title=Tyra Banks:Biography on MSN|first=Jason|year=2008|publisher=[[MSN]]|author=Clark|accessdate=July 18, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080902013801/http://movies.msn.com/celebrities/celebrity-biography/tyra-banks/|archivedate=September 2, 2008}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/26/Tyra-Banks.html|title=Tyra Banks Biography|publisher=FilmReference.com}}</ref> O nwere nwanne nwoke aha ya bụ Devin, onye tọrọ afọ ise. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.yahoo.com/person/tyra-banks/biography.html|title=Tyra Banks|publisher=Movies.yahoo.com|accessdate=June 3, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109011758/http://movies.yahoo.com/person/tyra-banks/biography.html|archivedate=November 9, 2013}}</ref> Na 1979, mgbe Banks dị afọ isii, nne na nna ya gbara alụkwaghịm. Ụlọ akụ gara John Burroughs Middle School, wee gụchaa na 1991 na Immaculate Heart High School na Los Angeles. Ụlọ akụ kwuru na mgbe ọ na-etolite, a na-akwa ya emo maka ọdịdị ya ma weere ya dị ka "nwanyị ọbọgwụ jọrọ njọ"; <ref>{{Cite web|first=Wendy|author=Shanker|title=About Tyra Banks|url=http://www.supermodels.nl/tyrabanks/about|publisher=Supermodels.nl|accessdate=November 9, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109053306/http://www.supermodels.nl/tyrabanks/about|archivedate=November 9, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Fat Girl's Guide to Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aI-tCMdjklwC&q=tyra+banks+interview+on+being+an+ugly+duckling&pg=PT81|accessdate=November 9, 2014|isbn=9781408806623|author=Shanker|first=Wendy|date=August 17, 2009}}</ref> mgbe Banks dị afọ 11, ọ toro sentimita atọ wee tufuo 30 pound n'ime ọnwa atọ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Tyra Banks Opens Up About Body and Weight Battles|url=http://www.lifeandstylemag.com/posts/tyra-banks-opens-up-about-body-and-weight-battles-37919|first=Chantal|author=Waldholz|accessdate=November 9, 2014|work=[[Life & Style (magazine)|Life & Style]]|date=May 5, 2014}}</ref> Na ''America's Next Top Model'', Banks tụlere nsonaazụ nke nyocha DNA nke Ancestry.com nke nyere ya "79% African, 14% British, and 6% Native American". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.ancestry.com/cm/2014/12/29/tyra-banks-gets-surprising-dna-results-on-americas-next-top-model/|title=Tyra Banks Gets Surprising DNA Results on 'America's Next Top Model'|publisher=[[Ancestry.com]]|first=—Sabrina Rojas|author=Weiss|date=n.d.|accessdate=October 3, 2017|archivedate=May 11, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511193717/http://blogs.ancestry.com/cm/2014/12/29/tyra-banks-gets-surprising-dna-results-on-americas-next-top-model}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ, ọ gbakwụnyere na ya bụkwa "1% Finnish ", na-ekwu, sị: "Abụ m 14% British, 6% Native American, 1% Finnish, na ndị ọzọ niile Africa." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/entertainment/a33991/tyra-banks-interview-recipe/|title=At Home With Tyra Banks|date=August 20, 2015|work=[[Good Housekeeping]]|accessdate=September 2, 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị nke afọ 2012, ụlọ akụ gụchara nkuzi izu itoolu na mmemme ndọtị na-abụghị ogo nke Mahadum Harvard. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Anne|first=Sarah|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/tyra-banks-graduates-from-harvards-executive-education-program/2012/02/24/gIQASv0vXR_blog.html|title=Tyra Banks graduates from Harvard's executive education program|work=The Washington Post|date=2012-02-24|accessdate=2022-02-16}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/flyby/article/2012/9/17/tyra-banks-harvard-girl/|title=Tyra Banks: Dropping H-Bombs Like Nobody's Business &#124; Flyby &#124; the Harvard Crimson}}</ref> == Ọrụ ịṅomi == [[Usòrò:Tyra_Banks_2012_Shankbone.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Banks na 2012]] Mgbe Banks dị afọ iri na ise, ọ malitere ịme ihe ngosi mgbe ọ na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ na Los Angeles. Ụlọ ọrụ anọ jụrụ ya tupu LA Model bịanye aka na ya. Ọ gbanwere na Elite Model Management mgbe ọ dị afọ 16. Mgbe o nwetara ohere ime ihe nlereanya na Europe, ọ kwagara Milan. N'oge ụzọ ụgbọ elu mbụ ya, ọ debere ihe ngosi 25 na 1991 Paris Fashion Week . Ụlọ akụ pụtara na nchịkọta akụkọ maka American, Italian, French, na Spanish ''Vogue'' ; American, French, German, na Spanish ''Elle'' ; American, German, na Malaysian ''Harper's Bazaar'' ; ''V'' ; ''W'' na Vanity Fair . == Ọrụ ihie onyonyo na ihe nkiri == [[Usòrò:Tyra_Banks(Cannes).jpg|alt=|áká_èkpè|thumb| Ụlọ akụ na Cannes Film Festival na 2000]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Space Ghost Coast to Coast Chinatown|url=http://www.tv.com/shows/space-ghost-coast-to-coast/chinatown-102388/|work=tv.com|accessdate=2022-04-08|archivedate=2020-01-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130084905/http://www.tv.com/shows/space-ghost-coast-to-coast/chinatown-102388/}}</ref> === Edemede === Na 1998, Banks nwadoro akwụkwọ aha ya bụ ''Tyra's Beauty, Inside and Out'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newyorktimesbestsellerlist.org/reviews/tyra-banks|title=Tyra Banks, Supermodel, Talk Show Host, and Actress|work=[[The New York Times]] Bestsellerlist|accessdate=October 2, 2008|archivedate=March 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223248/http://www.newyorktimesbestsellerlist.org/reviews/tyra-banks}}</ref> O kwuputara na Mee 2010 na ọ ga-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, akpọrọ ''Modelland'', <ref>Nudd, Tim. [http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20368179,00.html Tyra Banks to Publish Her First Novel]. ''[[People (magazine)|People]]''. May 11, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2011.</ref> na-adabereghị na ahụmịhe nhazi nke ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nyulocal.com/tyra-banks-modelland-a-masterwork-of-modern-literature-978b648ea325|title=Tyra Banks' Modelland: A Masterwork of Modern Literature|work=NYU Local|first=Jocelyn|author=Silver|date=November 30, 2011|accessdate=May 22, 2019|archivedate=January 20, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120131406/https://nyulocal.com/tyra-banks-modelland-a-masterwork-of-modern-literature-978b648ea325}}</ref> E bipụtara ya na Septemba 2011, nke e bu n'obi ka ọ bụrụ nke mbụ n'ime usoro akụkụ atọ a haziri ahazi; <ref>Krupnick, Ellie. [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/21/tyra-banks-book-harvard_n_905779.html?ir=Books Tyra Banks Talks 'Modelland', Harvard Business School (VIDEO)]. ''[[The Huffington Post]]''. July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2011.</ref> ''Modelland tolitere'' ndepụta kacha ere ahịa <nowiki><i id="mwAak">nke New York Times</i></nowiki> na Ọktoba 2011. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/10/tyra-banks-new-york-times-best-seller_n_1003369.html|title=Tyra Banks Is A New York Times Bestselling Author|date=October 10, 2011|publisher=Huffingtonpost|accessdate=November 9, 2014}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, Banks na nne ya, Carolyn London, dekọtara akwụkwọ nke akpọrọ "Perfect is Boring". <ref>PerfectIsBoring.com</ref> === Nkuzi === N'August 2016, Banks nakweere ọkwá dị ka onye nkuzi ọbịa na-ama akara na Mahadum Stanford . == Ndụ onwe onye == Ndị ụlọ akụ nwere ụbọchị onye na-ese foto Norwegian Erik Asla n'oge 2010, na Jenụwarị 2016, ha nwere nwa nwoke mụrụ site na ịwa ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Moms & Babies|title=Tyra Banks Welcomes Son York|url=https://people.com/parents/tyra-banks-welcomes-son-york-via-surrogate-erik-asla|accessdate=January 27, 2016|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=January 27, 2016}}</ref> Ụlọ akụ ekwuola na ọ na-ezere ịṅụ ihe ọṅụṅụ na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ na-eji ọgwụ ntụrụndụ ndị ọzọ eme ihe. <ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=April 20, 2017|url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/entertainment/Tyra+Banks-35390.html|title=Tyra Banks' sexy drink|date=June 1, 2007|quote=I've never had any drugs and I had a little taste of alcohol when I was 12-years-old, but that's about it|work=www.femalefirst.co.uk|archivedate=June 19, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070619034242/http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/entertainment/Tyra+Banks-35390.html}}</ref> . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Breaking the Dating Violence Cycle|url=http://www.oprah.com/relationships/Tyra-Banks-on-Dating-Abuse/3|work=Oprah.com|accessdate=August 1, 2012|archivedate=July 1, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701175722/https://www.oprah.com/relationships/tyra-banks-on-dating-abuse/3}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Morrissey|first=Tracie Egan|title=Oprah: Tyra Banks Opens Up About Abusive Ex-Boyfriend|url=http://jezebel.com/5169124/oprah-tyra-banks-opens-up-about-abusive-ex+boyfriend|publisher=Jezebel.com|date=March 12, 2009|accessdate=August 1, 2012|archivedate=March 30, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330063000/http://jezebel.com/5169124/oprah-tyra-banks-opens-up-about-abusive-ex+boyfriend}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Tyra Banks tells Oprah of her own abuse|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2009-03-19/living/o.break.dating.violence.cycle_1_chris-brown-and-rihanna-abuse-tyra-banks-show?_s=PM:LIVING|work=cnn|date=March 19, 2009|accessdate=August 1, 2012}}</ref> === Agụmakwụkwọ === [[Usòrò:Defense.gov_News_Photo_031219-F-0464D-071.jpg|thumb| Ndị ụlọ akụ na-eleta ndị ọrịa na Walter Reed Army Medical Center na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] na Disemba 19, 2003]] Na 2011, ụlọ akụ debanyere aha na izu itoolu <ref name="opm">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180814010345/https://www.exed.hbs.edu/programs/opm/Pages/admissions.aspx "Owner/President Management: Program Objectives"]. Executive Education. Harvard Business School. Retrieved 2013-07-30.</ref> Onye nwe / Onye isi oche Management Program (OPM) na Harvard Business School . Ụlọ akụ dechara mmemme ọzụzụ nkuzi ndị isi na February 2012, na-enweta asambodo. <ref>Hughes, Sarah Ann (February 24, 2012). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/tyra-banks-graduates-from-harvards-executive-education-program/2012/02/24/gIQASv0vXR_blog.html?tid=pm_entertainment_pop "Tyra Banks graduates from Harvard's executive education program"]. ''Celebritology'' (blog). Washington Post.</ref> <ref>Sauers, Jenna, {{Cite web|title=Model Behaviors|url=http://jezebel.com/tyra-banks-harvard|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150407192123/http://jezebel.com/tyra-banks-harvard|archivedate=April 7, 2015|accessdate=August 25, 2011|publisher=Jezebel.com}} </ref> Abara ya mba maka ịsị na ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Harvard. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Manuel-Logan|first=Ruth|title=Tyra Banks a Harvard Business School Graduate? Not!|url=http://newsone.com/2033192/tyra-banks-harvard|publisher=NewsOne.com|date=August 30, 2012|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref> Jenna Sauers, na-ede maka ''Jezebel'', zoro aka na nkwupụta ya na Harvard dị ka "ndị na-enweghị isi", ma kpọkuo ya ka ọ "kwụsị ịgha ụgha" banyere Harvard. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sauers|first=Jenna|title=Tyra Banks Needs to Stop Lying About Going to Harvard Business School|url=http://jezebel.com/5937660/tyra-banks-needs-to-stop-lying-about-going-to-harvard-business-school|work=Jezebel|publisher=Gawker Media|date=August 24, 2012|accessdate=March 25, 2015|archivedate=February 15, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215033315/http://jezebel.com/5937660/tyra-banks-needs-to-stop-lying-about-going-to-harvard-business-school}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bennett-Smith|first=Meredith|title=Tyra Banks A Harvard Business School Graduate? Well, Not Exactly|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/27/tyra-banks-a-harvard-busi_n_1834728.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref> Dị ka nke 2012, Harvard prọfesọ Rohit Deshpande na-akwadebe ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ụlọ ọrụ Banks, Bankable Productions, maka iji mee ihe n'ọdịnihu na mmemme OPM. <ref>Zhang, Brian C. (February 27, 2012). [https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2012/2/27/tyra-banks-leaves-HBS "Tyra Finishes HBS Program"]. ''The Harvard Crimson''. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220810014643/https://harbus.org/2012/tyra-banks/ "Tyra Banks: Fun, Fierce, and Financially Savvy"]. Features. The Harbus (harbus.org). February 15, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tyra Banks TZone|url=http://tzonefoundation.org/|publisher=tzonefoundation.org|accessdate=September 28, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312224353/http://tzonefoundation.org/|archivedate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == [[Usòrò:Tyra_Banks_2011.jpg|thumb| Banks na 2011]] === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu ! Ref. |- | 1995 | ''Mmụta dị elu'' | Deja | | |- | rowspan="2" | 1999 | ''Lovehụnanya isi ísì'' | Holly Garnett | | |- | ''The Apartment Complex'' | Onwe ya | Ihe nkiri onyonyo | |- | rowspan="3" | 2000 | ''Ịhụnanya &amp;amp; Bọọlụ Nkata'' | Kyra Kessler | | |- | ''Nha ndụ'' | Eve | Ihe nkiri onyonyo | |- | ''Coyote jọrọ njọ'' | Zoe | | |- | 2002 | ''Halloween: Mbilite n'ọnwụ'' | Nora Winston | | |- | 2002 | ''Abalị asatọ dị nzuzu'' | Akwa uwe nzuzo nke Victoria | Olu | |- | 2004 | ''Larceny'' | rowspan="4" | Onwe ya | | |- | 2007 | | Ọdịdị cameo | |- | 2008 | ''Tropic Thunder'' | Ọdịdị cameo | |- | 2009 | ''Hannah Montana: Ihe nkiri'' | Ọdịdị cameo enweghị nzere | <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cast and credits of Hannah Montana: The Movie|url=https://www.listal.com/movie/hannah-montana-the-movie/cast|publisher=Walt Disney Pictures|accessdate=2020-11-10}}</ref> |- | 2018 | ''Nha ndụ 2'' | Eve | Ihe nkiri onyonyo | |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | 1993 | ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air'' | Jackie Ames | Ihe ngosi 7 |- | 1996 | ''Ihe niile'' | Onye ahịa | Ihe omume: "Tyra Banks/Blackstreet" |- | 1997 | ''New York Undercover'' | Natasha Claybourne | Akụkụ 3 |- | 1998 | ''Space Ghost Coast ruo Coast'' | rowspan="2" | Onwe ya | Ihe omume: "Chinatown" |- | rowspan="2" | 1999 | ''Naanị gbaa m!'' | Akụkụ 2 |- | ''The Hughleys'' | Nicole | Ihe omume: "Sap na kpakpando" |- | rowspan="2" | 2000 | ''MADtv'' | Ụdị agwa dị iche iche | Akụkụ 2 |- | ''Mmasị'' | Jane Scott | Akụkụ 3 |- | 2001 | ''Nri mkpụrụ obi'' | Nina Josef | Ihe omume: "Mgbu nkịtị" |- | 2003–2015; 2017 - dị ugbu a | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha nke America'' | Onwe ya | Onye okike, onye ọbịa, onye ọka ikpe na onye ọbịa pụrụ iche (akụkụ 2) |- | rowspan="2" | 2004 | ''Anyị niile'' | Roni | Ihe omume: "Nwanne, olee ebe ị nọ?" |- | ''American Dreams'' | Carolyn Gill | Ihe omume: "Ịchọ ihe gara aga" |- | 2005-2010 | ''The Tyra Banks Show'' | Onwe ya | Onye ọbịa |- | 2009 | ''Nwanyị asịrị'' | Ursula Nyquist | Ihe omume: " Dan de Fleurette " |- | 2011 | ''Ihe Nlereanya kacha elu nke Mexico'' | rowspan="5" | Onwe ya | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 2 ikpeazụ |- | rowspan="2" | 2012 | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha elu nke Vietnam'' | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 2 ikpeazụ |- | ''Top Model po-russki'' | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 3 ikpeazụ |- | 2012-2013 | ''Kwalie Ya elu'' | Akụkụ 2 |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha elu nke Eshia'' | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 1 ikpeazụ |- | ''Glee'' | Bichette | Ihe omume: " Movin' Out " |- | 2014 | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha elu nke Korea'' | rowspan="3" | Onwe ya | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 5 ihe nkedo |- | 2015 | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha mma nke Australia'' | Onye ọka ikpe; okirikiri 9 ikpeazụ |- | 2015 | ''Ndụ FABL'' | Onye ọbịa |- | 2015-2016 | ''Nwa-isi'' | Gigi Franklin | Akụkụ 2 |- | 2017 | ''New Celebrity Apprentice'' | rowspan="5" | Onwe ya | Akụkụ 3 |- | 2017-2018 | ''America nwere Talent'' | Onye ọbịa |- | 2019 | ''Topmodel nke Germany na-esote'' | Onye ọbịa; okirikiri 14 ikpeazụ |- | 2020 | ''Celebrity Watch Party'' | Ihe omume 6 |- | 2020 - dị ugbu a | ''Ịgba egwu na kpakpando'' | Onye ọbịa |} {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Vidiyo egwu ! Onye na-ese ihe |- | 1991 | " Oji ma ọ bụ ọcha " | [[Michael Jackson]] |- | 1991 | " Ihe ịhụnanya " | Tina Turner |- | 1992 | " Too Funky " | George Michael |- | 1995 | "Trife Life" | Mobb Deep |- | 1996 | "Achọghị ịhapụ gị" | Lionel Richie |- | 2004 | "Shake Ya Body" | Onwe ya |- | 2015 | "Elu oke" | Onwe ya |- | 2016 | "Egwuregwu ụmụaka" | Drake |} == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == * {{Cite book|author=Vanessa Thomas|first=Bush|title=Tyra's Beauty Inside & Out|publisher=Harper Perennial|year=1998|isbn=978-0060952105}} * {{Cite book|author=Banks|first=Tyra|title=Modelland|publisher=Delacorte Books|year=2011|isbn=978-0385740593}} * {{Cite book|author=Banks|first=Tyra|title=Perfect Is Boring|publisher=Tarcher Perigee|year=2018|isbn=978-0143132301|ref=https://perfectisboring.com/}} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Otu ! onye nnata ! Nsonaazụ ! Ref. |- | 1999 | rowspan="3" | Teen Choice Awards | Ụdị Nhọrọ | Onwe ya| {{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Coleman|first=Kali|title=Can You Remember The Winners From The 1999 Teen Choice Awards?|url=https://bestlifeonline.com/1999-teen-choice-awards-winners/|work=[[Best Life (magazine)|Best Life]]|publisher=Galvanized Media|accessdate=December 12, 2020|date=August 8, 2019}}</ref> |- | 2004 | Nhọrọ Eziokwu/Star TV dị iche iche - Nwanyi | rowspan="2" | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha nke America''| {{Nom}} | <ref name="imdb.com">{{Cite web|title=Tyra Banks|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004723/awards|work=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=December 1, 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2005 | Nhọrọ TV Omume: Nwanyi| {{Nom}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | Ihe nturu ugo ihe nkiri na ihe onyonyo n'ịntanetị | Onye ọbịa kacha mma nke ihe ngosi okwu ma ọ bụ ọrụ | ''Ihe ngosi Tyra Banks''| {{Nom}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | rowspan="3" | 2007 | Teen Choice Awards | Nhọrọ TV: Omume | ''Ihe Nlereanya Na-esote America'' / ''Ihe ngosi ụlọ akụ Tyra''| {{Won}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | Onyinye Emmy kwa ụbọchị | Ihe ngosi Okwu pụtara ìhè | ''Ihe ngosi nke Tyra Banks Show''| {{Nom}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | ASTRA Awards | Mmasị mba ụwa ma ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri ọkacha mmasị | rowspan="2" | ''Ihe nlere anya kacha nke America''| {{Nom}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | rowspan="2" | 2008 | Teen Choice Awards | Nhọrọ TV: Omume| {{Won}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Onyinye Emmy kwa ụbọchị | Ngosi Okwu/Na-enye nkọwa pụtara ìhè | rowspan="2" | ''Ihe ngosi nke Tyra Banks Show''| {{Won}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | 2009 | Ngosi Okwu/Na-enye nkọwa pụtara ìhè| {{Won}} | <ref name="imdb.com" /> |- | 2017 | Teen Choice Awards | Nhọrọ TV: Omume | rowspan="2" | ''America nwere Talent''| {{Nom}} | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ceron|first=Ella|title=Teen Choice Awards 2017: See the First Wave of Nominations|url=http://www.teenvogue.com/story/teen-choice-awards-2017-nominees|work=[[Teen Vogue]]|date=June 19, 2017|accessdate=June 19, 2017}}</ref> |- | 2019 | Nhọrọ ụmụaka | Onye ọbịa ihe onyonyo masịrị| {{Nom}} | |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|4723}} * Tyra Banks </img> * Tyra Banks * Tyra Banks * [http://tyrashow.warnerbros.com/ ''Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Tyra Banks Show''] * Profaịlụ/ajụjụ ọnụ ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/magazine/01tyra-t.html New York Times]'' [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dsxibattupc1vhpbp9nmkbvg6feivdk 0 12726 692329 131687 2026-07-29T19:36:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wawira Njiru''', bụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego Kenya, onye ọchụnta ego, onye na-ahụ maka nri mmadụ, na onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ, bụ onye na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke '''Food 4 Education''', otu nzukọ na-esi nri, na-akwadebe ma na-ekesa nri ndị na-edozi ahụ, na ọnụ ahịa enyemaka nye ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 2,000 sitere na ndị dị umeala n'obi. Ruiru, nke dị na Nairobi, isi obodo Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web|accessdate=28 September 2018|date=September 2018|publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]|url=https://cdn.nation.co.ke/pdfs/Top40under40Women2018.pdf|title=Top 40 Under 40 Kenyan Women 2018|author=Business Daily Staff|archivedate=29 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929080021/https://cdn.nation.co.ke/pdfs/Top40under40Women2018.pdf}}</ref> == Nzụlite na agụmakwụkwọ == O tolitere n'obodo Ruiru, na mpaghara Kiambu, ozugbo ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke isi obodo Nairobi. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web|accessdate=28 September 2018|url=http://www.transformnutrition.org/what-we-do/nutrition-champions/ann-wawira-njiru-kenya/|title=2013 Nutrition Champions: Ann Wawira Njiru: Kenya|date=2014|publisher=Transformnutrition.org|author=Transformnutrition.org|archivedate=29 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929041353/http://www.transformnutrition.org/what-we-do/nutrition-champions/ann-wawira-njiru-kenya/}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ dị mpaghara m maka agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị na nke sekọndrị.afọ Na 2010, a nabatara ya na Mahadum South Australia, na Adelaide, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bachelor of Nutrition Sayinsi degree. <ref name="1R"/> <ref name="2R" /> == Ọrụ == Na 2011, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ, Wawiru mgbe ahụ bụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na Adelaide, Australia kpọrọ ndị enyi 80 ka ha bịa oriri na ọṅụṅụ Kenya. Ọ na-ana $20 kwa efere, na-ebuli ihe ruru KSh126,000 n'oge ahụ. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web|accessdate=28 September 2018|url=http://www.voicesofyouth.org/en/posts/inspire--with-wawira-njiru---food-4-education|title=Inspire! With Wawira Njiru: Food 4 Education|date=7 December 2015|publisher=Voicesofyouth.org|author=Marketer|first=Carrie|archivedate=29 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929041711/http://www.voicesofyouth.org/en/posts/inspire--with-wawira-njiru---food-4-education}}</ref> Site na ego ndị ahụ, e hiwere Food 4 Education (F4E). Malite n'iwu ụlọ ebe a na-esi nri, F4E malitere inye ụmụ akwụkwọ mbụ ha iri abụọ na ise nri. Nke ahụ sochiri mkpọsa inye ego na ịntanetị. Ka oge na-aga, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụaka ndị na-anata nri ehihie ụlọ akwụkwọ a na-enye nkwado mụbara. <ref name="3R"/> Dabere na Wawira Njiru, ọ na-efu Ksh25 (ihe dị ka. US$0.25) iji nye nwata akwụkwọ elementrị nri na Kenya nri. A gwara nne na nna ma ọ bụ ndị nlekọta ka ha nye aka KSh10 (ihe dị ka. US dollar 0.10). F4E na-enye nguzozi. <ref name="4R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/women/Wawira-Njiru/1950830-3978312-14w2ktb/index.html|title=Take 5: Founder of Food 4 Education, Wawira Njiru|accessdate=28 September 2018|date=20 June 2017|first=Abigail|author=Arunga}}</ref> Iji mechie ọdịiche ego ahụ, F4E goro onye isi nri oge niile, wuo kichin ọgbara ọhụrụ wee malite ibugara ndị ahịa ụlọ ọrụ nri esiri esi nri na mpaghara Nairobi dị nso nke Kilimani, Kileleshwa, Westlands, Upper Hill na etiti etiti . mpaghara azụmahịa nke obodo. <ref name="4R"/> == Echiche ndị ọzọ == Na afọ 2018, Business Daily Africa, akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] kwa ụbọchị nke Kenya aha ya bụ Wawira Njiru, otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Kenya iri na anọ na okpuru iri na ano maka afọ 2018. <ref name="1R"/> N’ọnwa Disemba afọ 2018, ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ meriri ihe nrite nwa amaala mba ụwa maka onye ndu ndị ntorobịa. <ref>{{Cite web|work=Global Citizen|accessdate=13 November 2019|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/global-citizen-prize-youth-leadership/|title=This Activist Wants to Provide School Meals So No Child Learns on an Empty Stomach}}</ref> Na 2018, akpọkwara Wawira n'etiti ndị ntorobịa Kenya otu narị kacha nwee mmetụta, site na Avance Media. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/larry-madowo-natalie-tewa-njugush-celebrated-in-the-most-influential-young-kenyans-list/|title=Larry Madowo, Natalie Tewa, Njugush celebrated in the Most Influential Young Kenyans List|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[98.4 Capital FM]]|accessdate=11 January 2020|author=Murugi Gichovi|archivedate=18 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218043759/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/larry-madowo-natalie-tewa-njugush-celebrated-in-the-most-influential-young-kenyans-list/}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Esther Muchemi * Sylvia MulingeEdensibia {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qpsq8ookk0rdsz9jjob2mfq1hfejtjp 0 12736 692606 130106 2026-07-30T11:36:47Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Flora Mutahi''' bụ onye ndekọ ego Kenya, onye ọchụnta ego na onye isi ụlọ ọrụ . Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke otu ndị na- ''emepụta ihe na Kenya'' . Ọ bụkwa onye nchoputa na onye isi nchịkwa nke Melvin Marsh International Limited onye na-emepụta ''Melvin's Tii,'' akara Kenya. <ref name="One">{{Cite web|accessdate=5 January 2018|first=Jackson|author=Biko|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/society/From-selling-salt-to-creating-Melvins-Tea/3405664-4069564-30ckio/index.html|title=From selling salt|date=24 August 2017}}</ref> == Nzụlite na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ ya na Kenya wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na mpaghara maka agụm akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị. O nwere nzere bachelọ nke Sayensị na Akaụntụ na Ego, enwetara na Mahadum zuru ụwa ọnụ nke United States . O nwekwara Executive Master of Business Administration, nke Mahadum Cape Town na South Africa nyere ya. Ọ bụ Akaụntụati Ọha . <ref name="Two">{{Cite web|date=22 May 2017|url=http://www.biznisafrica.com/flora-mutahi/|title=Flora Mutahi, Melvin Marsh International Founder and CEO|accessdate=5 January 2018|first=Thabo|author=Mphahlele|publisher=Biznisafrica.com|archivedate=20 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720081233/http://www.biznisafrica.com/flora-mutahi/}}</ref> Na mbido, Mutahi gbaziri ego n'aka nne ya, ka o wee ruo eru maka mbinye ego ụlọ akụ. O bu ụzọ tinye aka n'ichepụta nnu. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ malitere ịzụ ahịa tii ya. Ọ malitekwara nhazi osikapa na ire ahịa. <ref name="Three">{{Cite web|url=https://sheleadsafrica.org/6-boss-kenyan-women-on-balancing-life-and-business/|title=6 Boss Kenyan Women On Balancing Life And Business|first=Claire|author=Munde|date=2016|publisher=Sheleadsafrica.org|accessdate=5 January 2018|archivedate=20 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720082856/https://sheleadsafrica.org/6-boss-kenyan-women-on-balancing-life-and-business/}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka Melvin Marsh zuru ụwa niile , ụlọ ọrụ ọ tọrọ ntọala na 1995, ebe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka CEO, kemgbe. <ref name="Four">{{Cite web|accessdate=5 January 2018|date=5 January 2018|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/flora-mutahi-71769052/|title=Flora Mutahi: Chairlady Kenya Association of Manufacturers and Founder & CEO Melvins Tea|publisher=[[Linkedin.com]]|author=Flora Mutahi}}</ref> == Ezinụlọ == Flora Mutahi bụ nne mụrụ ụmụ atọ. <ref name="One" /> <ref name="Two ==Other considerations== In July 2016, Mutahi was appointed chairperson of the ''Kenya Association of Manufacturers'', the first woman to occupy that office, since the founding of the association in 1959.<ref">{{Cite web|date=27 February 2017|first=Jacqueline|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2001230862/kenya-association-of-manufacturers-chairperson-flora-mutahi-10-tenets-on-creating-a-great-business|title=Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) Chairperson Flora Mutahi 10 tenets on creating a great business|accessdate=5 January 2018|author=Mahugu}}</ref> Na onwa Nọvemba 2017, a họpụtara ya osote onye isi oche nke kansụl azụmahịa nke Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news24africa.com/kenya-manufacturers-boss-flora-mutahi-takes-up-comesa-council-vice-chair-position/|title=Kenya Manufacturers Boss Flora Mutahi takes up COMESA Council Vice Chair Position|date=30 November 2016|accessdate=5 January 2018|first=Brian|author=Kithinji|publisher=News24africa.com|archivedate=6 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106074715/http://news24africa.com/kenya-manufacturers-boss-flora-mutahi-takes-up-comesa-council-vice-chair-position/}}</ref> Mutahi bụ onye otu ndị isi oche nke ''Seed Hope'', onye Kenya anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na-agbalị ime ka ọnọdụ obibi ndụ nke ndị slum-ebi n'ime obodo Kibera shanty town . <ref name="Two" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Paunrana elected new KAM chairman|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2014/07/paunrana-elected-new-kam-chairman/|accessdate=5 January 2018|date=24 July 2014|publisher=[[98.4 Capital FM]]|first=Margaret|author=Wahito}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Angela Ndambuki * [[Phyllis Wakiaga]] * Carol Musyoka * Carole Kariuki == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mutahi, Flora}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2v4ycj0srm1wn6297qd5dyo7hn69x9q 0 13476 692516 93237 2026-07-30T09:22:44Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatima Kyari Mohammed''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka ndị otu Afrịka na United Nations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/bio5074.doc.htm|title=New Permanent Observer for African Union Presents Letter of Appointment {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|work=www.un.org|accessdate=2020-03-09}}</ref> Tupu nhọpụta ya dị ka onye na-ahụ maka otu mba Afrịka na United Nations, Oriakụ Mohammed bụ onye ndụmọdụ ọpụrụiche na ngalaba Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Commission, na-elekwasị anya na udo na nchekwa, njikọta mpaghara na mmepe nhazi nhazi. . Tupu ọ banye ECOWAS, ọ bụ onye isi oche na ndụmọdụ gbasara esemokwu na nchekwa nke West Africa. Na mbụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye njikwa mmemme na European Union Delegation na Nigeria na ECOWAS; na dị ka Regional Project Manager maka Nchekwa amụma Project na West Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nyuafricahouse.org/events-index/africa-house-for-a-fireside-chat-with-he-ambassador-fatima-kyari-mohammed-african-union-permanent-observer-to-the-united-nations|title=Africa House for a Fireside Chat with H.E. Ambassador Fatima Kyari Mohammed, African Union Permanent Observer to the United Nations|work=NYU Africa House|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-10}}</ref> ==Edensibia== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mohammed, Fatima Kyari}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] sdyq6tkr2z7m1gakvw68wgsqzvyblir 0 13832 692465 136731 2026-07-30T08:29:06Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  '''Gabisile Hlumbane''' bụ nwa nwanyí South Africa na-agba bọọlụ ma na-agba egwuregwu bọọlụ dị ka onye ọnọ n'etiti. Ọ na-agbara Kovsies Ladies bọọlụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.safa.net/index.php?page=banyanaplayerprofiles|title=SAFA|publisher=|accessdate=2022-06-03|archivedate=2016-12-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230070912/http://www.safa.net/index.php?page=banyanaplayerprofiles}}</ref> Ọ nọchitere anya otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị South Africa na 2012 London Olympics .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefinalball.com/equipa.php?id=71420&edicao_id=23944|title=thefinalball.com :: Teams|publisher=}}</ref> == Mmalite ọrụ == A mụrụ Hlumbane na KwaThema, Gauteng . Ọ malitere ịgba bọọlụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu nyere KwaThema Ladies . Nna ya zụtara akpụkpọ ụkwụ bọọlụ ma na-ele ya ka ọ na-eme ọmụmụ egwuregwu bọọlụ mgbe niile ebe nne ya enweghị mmasị Mgbe ọ bụla ọ n'ahụ na ọ na-eme ọmụmụ egwuregwu bọọlụ.<ref name="thenewage.co.za">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenewage.co.za/mobi/Detail.aspx?NewsID=48984&CatID=1067|title=Nothing found for Mobi Detail Aspx?newsid=48984&catid=1067|publisher=}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == Ọ sonyeere Kovsies Ladies n'afọ 2005 mgbe ahọtachara ya di ka Nwa Gauteng Schools Sports Girl of the Year n'afọ 2004 maka inye goolu asatọ na asọmpi. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị, Nomsa Mahlangu weere ya. Na Mahadum nke Free State ọ gụrụ maka njikwa ego obodo, ọ bụkwa onye isi na onye otu Eudy Simelane nwụrụ anwụ bụ onye gụrụ ya aha otutu ''China'' maka obere anya ya. N'afọ 2011, a họtara ya ma kpọọ ya University of Free State Sportswoman of the Year, onye isi ojii mbụ rụzuru ọrụ ahụ ma họpụta ya maka Free State Sportswoman of the Year.<ref name="thenewage.co.za" /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{South Africa squad 2010 African Women's Championship}}{{South Africa women's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hlumbane, Gabisile}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] defavalwg8x5kdmlvknv8dt4nk8bcpw 0 13869 692526 194813 2026-07-30T09:30:46Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Fatou Diome par Claude Truong-Ngoc avril 2015.jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]] '''Fatou Diome''' (a mụrụ n'afọ 1968 na Niodior ) bụ onye edemede French-Senegalese nke a maara maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya kachasị ere ahịa The Belly of the Atlantic, nke e bipụtara n'afọ 2001. Ọrụ ya na-enyocha ndụ [[Senegal|ndị]] mbịarambịa na France, na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti [[France]] na Africa. Fatou Diome bi na Strasbourg, France. == Akụkọ ndụ ya == A mụrụ Fatou Diome na Niodior n'àgwàetiti nke otu aha ahụ na Sine-Saloum Delta. Nne nne ya zụlitere ya ma gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ ma nwee mmasị n'akwụkwọ French. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, ọ hapụrụ Niodior wee gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na M'Bour. Mgbe ọ mmesịrị, ọ kwagara Dakar ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ na mahadum, na-akwado onwe ya site n'ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ. N'afọ 1990, ọ lụrụ onye France wee kwaga [[France]]. N'ịbụ onye ezinụlọ Serer na ezinụlọ ya jụrụ, ọ gbara alụkwaghịm afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. N'afọ 1994 Diome kwagara Strasbourg ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Strasbourg. Aha nke Ph.D. ya bụ Le Voyage, les échanges et la formation dans l'œuvre littéraire et cinématographique de Ousmane Sembène (Njem, mgbanwe, na agụmakwụkwọ na edemede na ọrụ ihe nkiri nke ''Ousmane Sembène''). Site n'afọ 2002 ruo afọ 2003, Diome bụ onye nkuzi oge ọkara na Mahadum Marc Bloch, Strasbourg, na Institute of Pedagogy nke Karlsruhe ([[Jémanị|Germany]]).<ref name="aflit" /> Site na Septemba 2004 ruo Nọvemba 2006, ọ gosipụtara mmemme telivishọn omenala na edemede ''Nuit Blanche'' (Sleepless night) na Ọwa French France 3 Alsace .<ref name="aflit">[http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/DiomeFatouEng.html "Fatou Diome - An author from Senegal writing in French", Reading Women Writers and African Literatures.]</ref> == Ọrụ ya == Diome bipụtara nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, ''La Préférence nationale'', n'afọ 2001. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, The Belly of the Atlantic (French: ) ghọrọ akwụkwọ kacha ere ahịa na France ma bipụta ya n'asụsụ Bekee site na Serpent's Tail. [nkọwa dị mkpa] Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya bụ akụkụ nke akụkọ ndụ ya ma na-ekwu maka Salie, onye mbịarambịa Senegal bi na Strasbourg, na nwanne ya nwoke Madicke, onye nọrọ na Senegal. Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mgba gasịrị, Salie emechaala rute ma biri na France. Nwanne ya nwoke nke nta na-atụ anya iso ya gaa France ma bụrụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ na-aga nke ọma. A sụgharịrị The Belly of the Atlantic n'asụsụ Bekee, German na Spanish. E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ, ''Kétala'', n'afọ 2006 na France. Ọrụ Diome na-enyocha France na Senegal, na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ. Ụdị ya na-emetụta akwụkwọ ọdịnala nke Afrịka. Asụsụ ya bụ eziokwu ma doo anya, ọ na-egosipụtakwa ihe ngosi nke ihe isi ike nke ijikọta na France dị ka onye mbịarambịa, agwakọta ya na nostalgia na ncheta nke nwata na Senegal. == Echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ nke ọchịchị == Fatou Diome na-enupụ isi megide ndị na-enweghị ndidi, ọ na-agbachitere ọrụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na Republicanism. N'ihu ịrị elu nke populism, a na-akpọ Fatou Diome mgbe niile ka ọ kesaa echiche ya banyere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mgbasa ozi telivishọn ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi. Karịsịa, ọ na-ewere ọnọdụ siri ike megide ịrị elu nke populism na France na “Rassemblement National'. Dị ka onye edemede, n'akwụkwọ ya, ọ chọrọ ichetara ndị mmadụ mkpa nke ụkpụrụ republican na nke mmadụ n'ihi na ọ kwenyere na "mgbe anyị na-eche ndị na-echegbu onwe ha banyere njirimara mba ihu, anyị agakwaghị ịgbachi nkịtị. "<ref>{{Cite web|title=L'écrivaine Fatou Diome : « il ne faut plus se taire » - Elle|url=https://www.elle.fr/Societe/Interviews/L-ecrivaine-Fatou-Diome-il-ne-faut-plus-se-taire-3471689|work=elle.fr|language=fr|date=2017-04-21|accessdate=2020-03-12}}</ref> Diome na-agbaso isiokwu nke ụgwọ na neoliberalization na "Le ventre de l'Atlantique" (2003) na "Celles qui attendent" (2010). N'ime ọrụ abụọ ahụ, a na-eji ụgwọ agbachitere usoro erughị ala ma na-akpali ndị mbịarambịa ịchụso ọrụ na mba ndị ọzọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Perisic|first=Alexandra|title="The Indebted Immigrant" (Chapter 5 of): Precarious Crossings: Immigration, Neoliberalism, and the Atlantic.|publisher=The Ohio State University Press|year=2019|isbn=978-0-8142-1410-7|location=Ohio|pages=62-87}}</ref> Diome na-agbakwa ozi maka imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti Europe na Africa. O kwenyere na, n'oge a, Europe na-achịkwa imekọ ihe ọnụ nhaghị nhata ebe Africa enweghị njikwa na akụ ya. Ọ na-agbachitere echiche ahụ bụ na mmekọrịta ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide na ndị Afrịka na ndị Europe ọ bụla, nke na-egbochi imekọ ihe ọnụ a ka ọ ghara ịdị n'otu. Ọ na-eche na onye ọ bụla, n'agbanyeghị ebe o si, "kwesịrị inwe mmetụta mmadụ mgbe ọ na-eche mmadụ ọzọ ihu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatou Diome. « Je suis là pour gâcher le sommeil des puissants »|url=https://www.humanite.fr/fatou-diome-je-suis-la-pour-gacher-le-sommeil-des-puissants-581117|work=L'Humanité|language=fr|date=2015-08-07|accessdate=2020-03-12}}</ref> Ya mere, n'etinyeghị ibu ọrụ n'otu kọntinent karịa na nke ọzọ, Fatou Diome na-ekwupụta mkpa ọ dị ndị Afrịka ịtọhapụ onwe ha n'ọnọdụ ha na-emegbu na ndị Europe ịhapụ ọnọdụ ha dị elu iji kwụsị atụmatụ mmegbu / mmegbu, ndị na-enye onyinye / ndị nnata. N'ikpeazụ, onye edemede ahụ kwuru na inyere ndị mmadụ aka pụtara inyere ha aka ka ha ghara ịchọ gị ọzọ, na-akatọ enyemaka mmepe nke mba ọdịda anyanwụ guzobere na Afrịka n'etiti ndị ọzọ. == Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ya == * ULa Préférence nationale (short stories). Paris/Dakar: Présence africaine, March 16, 2001.   * Le Ventre de l'Atlantique (novel). Paris: Anne Carrière, August 20, 2003.  . ** Translated as ''The Belly of the Atlantic''. [[London]]: Serpent's Tail, September 4, 2006.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-85242-903-4|978-1-85242-903-4]] * Kétala (novel). Paris: Flammarion, March 10, 2006.   * Inassouvies, nos vies [Our unfulfilled lives] (novel). Paris: Flammarion, 2008.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-2-0812-1353-1|978-2-0812-1353-1]]. * ''Le vieil homme sur la barque'' (autobiographical). Paris: naïve, 2010. (46p.).  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-2-35021-213-5|978-2-35021-213-5]]. * ''Celles qui attendent'' (novel). Paris: Flammarion, 2010.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-2-0812-4563-1|978-2-0812-4563-1]]. * ''Mauve'', récit, Éditions Flammarion, 2010. * ''Impossible de grandir'', akwụkwọ akụkọ, Éditions Flammarion, 2013.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9782081290297|9782081290297]] * ''Marianne porte plainte''!, essai, Éditions Flammarion, 2017.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-2-081408463|978-2-081408463]] * ''Les veilleurs de Sangomar'', akwụkwọ akụkọ, Albin Michel, 2019.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9782226443861|9782226443861]] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Diome, Fatou}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070126003233/http://un-livre.un-jour.org/ Nyocha nke ''Le Ventre de l’Atlantique''] * Emily Brady, "Out of Africa, Hot in France", Time magazine, December 7, 2003. * [http://photo75.free.fr/pages/fatou%20diome1.html Foto nke Diome nke Xavier Thomas sere] * [http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/DiomeFatouEng.html "Fatou Diome - Onye edemede si Senegal na-ede na French", Reading Women Writers and African Literatures.] * [http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/revieweng_diome09.html Jean-Marie Volet: "A gaghị abụ onye a na-akpọ, ''Le ventre de l'Atlantique'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Fatou Diome dere", Septemba 2009, Mahadum nke Western Australia / School of Humanities] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] oqx73f4c8v8z07gqs7negauawp8ffa7 0 13999 692541 655380 2026-07-30T09:40:56Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatima Togbe''', onye aha ya zuru oke bụ '''Kike Fatima Togbe-Olory''', bụ onye guzobere na onye isi nchịkwa nke Hayati Communications Group, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na ntụrụndụ nke na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ndụ ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba ike na West Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/life/spotlight/5-minutes-with-fatima-togbe|title=5 Minutes with Fatima Togbe|date=31 May 2016|publisher=|accessdate=5 June 2022|archivedate=5 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605131638/https://guardian.ng/life/spotlight/5-minutes-with-fatima-togbe/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/dont-just-mind-the-gap-fill-it-fatima-togbe-a-woman-taking-initiative-with-hayati-magazine/|title=Don't just mind the gap, fill it: Fatima Togbe, a woman taking initiative with Hayati Magazine|date=2 September 2017|publisher=|accessdate=5 June 2022|archivedate=5 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605113818/https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/dont-just-mind-the-gap-fill-it-fatima-togbe-a-woman-taking-initiative-with-hayati-magazine/}}</ref> Ọ malitere Hayati Magazine n'afọ 2012, Hayati Retail n'afọ 2015, Hayati Fashion Week na July 2017, na [https://web.archive.org/web/20220529011749/https://hayatimagazine.com/ Hayati Magazine] Français na October 2017. == Mgbasa ozi == Fatima pụtara na abụọ maka mgbasa ozi Vlisco nke afọ 2017 (S2-2017 na S3-2017), nke na-eme ememe ụzọ dị iche iche na nke pụrụ iche ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka na-eyi vlisco. Ọ nọchitere anya ụdị Nestle, Goldern Morn Naịjịrịa na Maggi, dị ka onye nnọchi anya ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vlisco.com/creative_mind/fatima-togbe/|title=Fatima Togbe - Vlisco|publisher=|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2022-06-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630052314/https://www.vlisco.com/creative_mind/fatima-togbe/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/heres-your-first-look-at-the-vlisco-ramadan-campaign-featuring-fatima-togbe-as-new-brand-ambassador/|title=Here's Your First Look at the Vlisco Ramadan Campaign featuring Fatima Togbe as New Brand Ambassador - BellaNaija|work=www.bellanaija.com|date=8 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://onobello.com/first-look-at-the-vlisco-ramadan-campaign-featuring-fatima-togbe-as-new-brand-ambassador/|title=First Look at the Vlisco Ramadan Campaign featuring Fatima Togbe as New Brand Ambassador - OnoBello.com|work=onobello.com|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2022-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605133144/https://onobello.com/first-look-at-the-vlisco-ramadan-campaign-featuring-fatima-togbe-as-new-brand-ambassador/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.janemichaelekanem.com/2017/05/08/vlisco-ramadan-campaign-features-fatima-togbe-as-one-of-the-brand-ambassadors/|title=VLISCO Ramadan Campaign Features Fatima Togbe As One Of The Brand Ambassadors – Jane Michael Ekanem|work=www.janemichaelekanem.com|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2019-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422115731/https://www.janemichaelekanem.com/2017/05/08/vlisco-ramadan-campaign-features-fatima-togbe-as-one-of-the-brand-ambassadors/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tink-africa.com/stories/fatima-togbe-as-vliscos-ramadan-ambassador|title=Fatima Togbe as Vlisco's Ramadan ambassador|publisher=|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2019-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422114024/http://www.tink-africa.com/stories/fatima-togbe-as-vliscos-ramadan-ambassador}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myspice.tv/vliscos-brand-ambassador-fatima-togbe-stuns-in-ramadan-campaign/|title=Vlisco's brand Ramadan campaign - SPICE TV Africa|publisher=|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2022-08-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810163726/https://myspice.tv/vliscos-brand-ambassador-fatima-togbe-stuns-in-ramadan-campaign/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.endstyles.com/hayati-magazine-founder-fatima-togbe-features-new-brand-ambassador-vlisco-ramadan-campaign/|title=Hayati Magazine Founder Fatima Togbe features as new brand ambassador for the Vlisco Ramadan Campaign|date=9 May 2017|publisher=|accessdate=5 June 2022|archivedate=11 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511222436/http://www.endstyles.com/hayati-magazine-founder-fatima-togbe-features-new-brand-ambassador-vlisco-ramadan-campaign/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kokolife.ng/news-events/vlisco-fashion-features-fatima-togbe-years-ramadan-campaign/|title=Fatima Togbe For Vlisco Fashion Campaign|author=kokotv|date=8 May 2017|publisher=|accessdate=5 June 2022|archivedate=22 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122183154/https://www.kokolife.ng/news-events/vlisco-fashion-features-fatima-togbe-years-ramadan-campaign/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.selectastyle.com/2017/05/vlisco-ramadan-campaign-mariam-togbe/|title=Select A Fashion Style VLISCO RAMADAN CAMPAIGN FEATURING FATIMA TOGBE|work=www.selectastyle.com|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2019-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917194222/http://www.selectastyle.com/2017/05/vlisco-ramadan-campaign-mariam-togbe/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zinkata.com/fatima-togbe-asiyami-gold-anna-felix-vlisco/|title=Fatima Togbe, Asiyami Gold and Anna-Felix for Vlisco|date=25 May 2017|accessdate=5 June 2022|archivedate=29 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429212617/http://www.zinkata.com/fatima-togbe-asiyami-gold-anna-felix-vlisco/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9p65HK5l28|title=The Golden Morn Made in Nigeria Story|author=Golden Morn Nigeria|date=10 October 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgaWOBT0o0A|title=Fatima journeys to the North|author=Golden Morn Nigeria|date=10 October 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxK5mJsp1R4|title=Farming Made me successful, thanks to Nestle|author=Golden Morn Nigeria|date=10 October 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_HFg_uvJLY|title=Producing grains for Nestle made my business profitable|author=Golden Morn Nigeria|date=10 October 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IotATIFei-k|title=Sorting the Golden Maize Grains|author=Golden Morn Nigeria|date=10 October 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jv-4jKrSG34|title=From the North to the West. Final Trip|author=Golden Morn Nigeria|date=11 October 2017|publisher=}}</ref> == Nkwenye == * The Future Awards Africa Nigeria Prize for Media Enterprise - 2016 Nominee<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thefutureafrica.com/awards/future-awards-africa-2016-nominees-profiles/|title=The Future Awards Africa 2016 Nominees Profiles - The Future Awards Africa|date=10 December 2016|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://leaders.ng/future-award-africa-nominees/|title=Future Award Africa- Nominees - Leaders NG|date=5 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=5 June 2022|archivedate=22 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122235019/http://leaders.ng/future-award-africa-nominees/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pulse.ng/buzz/the-future-awards-africa-2016-mr-eazi-falz-yemi-alade-others-nominated-in-music-category-id5852810.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206154201/http://pulse.ng/buzz/the-future-awards-africa-2016-mr-eazi-falz-yemi-alade-others-nominated-in-music-category-id5852810.html|archivedate=2016-12-06|title=The Future Awards Africa 2016: Mr Eazi, Falz, Yemi Alade, others nominated in music category - Buzz - Pulse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://woman.ng/2016/12/48-inspirational-nigerian-women-of-the-future-awards-2016/|title=48 Inspirational Nigerian Women Of The Future Awards 2016 – Woman.NG|work=woman.ng|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2018-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072237/http://woman.ng/2016/12/48-inspirational-nigerian-women-of-the-future-awards-2016/}}</ref> * YNaija #WOKE100 List 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-banky-w-toke-ibru-others-make-ynaija-inaugural-woke100-list/|title=Chimamanda Adichie, Banky W, Toke Ibru, others make YNaija inaugural #Woke100 List » YNaija|date=3 January 2018|publisher=}}</ref> * A Nasty Boy 2017 #Nasty40 ndepụta<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anastyboy.com/Nasty-40/|title=NASTY40 — A Nasty Boy|work=anastyboy.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017081706/https://anastyboy.com/nasty-40/|archivedate=2017-10-17}} </ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Togbe, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 09xn7ldsh70igmio9n30o9iwl1g9bmh 0 14288 692363 657078 2026-07-29T20:45:16Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Branch| {{Audio|Yo-Femi Branch.ogg|Audio}}image=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1970|05|14}}|birth_place=[[Sagamu]], [[Ogun State|Ogun]], Nigeria|occupation=Actor, director, producer|years_active=1991&ndash;present|website=}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Femi Branch (a mụrụ na Mee 14, 1970) bụ onye na-eme ejije, onye nduzi na onye na-emepụta ihe na Naijiria.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/17352/8/top-actor-femi-branch-opens-up-on-n4m-debt-scandal.html|title=TOP ACTOR FEMI BRANCH OPENS UP ON N4M DEBT SCANDAL|work=nigeriafilms.com|accessdate=25 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225125854/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/17352/8/top-actor-femi-branch-opens-up-on-n4m-debt-scandal.html|archivedate=25 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="dailytimes.com.ng">{{Cite web|url=http://m.dailytimes.com.ng/article/nollwood-actor-femi-branch-play-host-miss-insurance-grand-finale#.VN6QAMXgHa8|title=Nollywood Actor, Femi Branch Play Host @ Miss Insurance Grand Finale -- article|work=dailytimes.com.ng|accessdate=25 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225111232/http://m.dailytimes.com.ng/article/nollwood-actor-femi-branch-play-host-miss-insurance-grand-finale|archivedate=25 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Okporu|first=Rachel|date=2021-09-25|title=Actor Femi Branch reacts to Bobrisky and Mompha's dating allegation|url=https://www.kemifilani.ng/entertainment/actor-femi-branch-reacts-to-bobrisky-and-momphas-dating-allegation|accessdate=2022-03-12|work=Kemi Filani News|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Branch n'ọnwa Mee 14, afọ 1970. Nne na nna ya bụ ndị nkuzi na Sagamu, Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationng.com/2014/02/nollywood-actor-femi-branch-battles-serious-spiritual-problem.html|title=Nollywood Actor, Femi Branch, Battles Serious Spiritual Problem…|author=Tolu|work=INFORMATION NIGERIA|accessdate=25 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225111331/http://www.informationng.com/2014/02/nollywood-actor-femi-branch-battles-serious-spiritual-problem.html|archivedate=25 February 2015}}</ref> Ọ gara Satellite Town Primary School na Amuwo Odofin tupu ọ gaa Airforce Secondary School na [[Ikeja]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/femi-branch-how-acting-affects-family-life/158954/|title=Femi Branch: How Acting Affects Family Life, Articles - THISDAY LIVE|work=thisdaylive.com|accessdate=25 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225105816/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/femi-branch-how-acting-affects-family-life/158954/|archivedate=25 February 2015}}</ref> O mechara gaa [[Mahadum nke Obafemi Awolowo|Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo]] ebe, ọ bụ ezie na a nabatara ya maka ọmụmụ okpukpe, o mechara nweta nzere bachelọ nke nka na Dramatic Arts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.modernghana.com/movie/14720/4/i-have-a-ministry-but-im-not-a-pastor-femi-branch.html|title=I have a ministry, but Im not a pastor -Femi Branch|work=modernghana.com|accessdate=25 February 2015}}</ref> == Ihe nkịrị == * ''[[A Place in the Stars|A Place In The Stars]]'' (2014) dịka Young Pa Dakim * ''[[Out of Luck (2015 film)|Out of Luck]]'' (2015) * ''[[New Money (2018 film)|New Money]]'' (2018) * ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Love is War]]'' (2019) dịka Chudi * ''[[Honey Money (2023 film)|Honey Money]]'' (2023) * [[Red Circle (2025 film)|''Red Circle'']] (2025) * [[Owambe Thieves|''Owambe Thieves'']] (2025) dịka Oga Bling Bling == Ọrụ == Branch malitere ọrụ ya na [[Mahadum nke Obafemi Awolowo|Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo]] n'afọ 1991, n'otu afọ ahụ ọ pụtara na egwuregwu yoruba akpọrọ ''Eniyan'' .<ref name="thisdaylive.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/a-bookjam-treat-for-abuja-literati/86710/|title=A Bookjam Treat for Abuja Literati, Articles - THISDAY LIVE|work=thisdaylive.com|accessdate=25 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225112232/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/a-bookjam-treat-for-abuja-literati/86710/|archivedate=25 February 2015}}</ref> O mechara pụta na ihe nkiri akpọrọ Orisun (nke pụtara: ''Origin'') nke ndị ọrụ nke Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo mepụtara mana mpụta mbụ ya na telivishọn bụ n'afọ 2003 na azụmahịa telivishọn MTN Group akpọrọ "Dance with me".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/2505/5/playing-the-bad-boy-in-movies-is-challenging-femi-.html|title=PLAYING THE BAD BOY IN MOVIES IS CHALLENGING,-- FEMI BRANCH|work=nigeriafilms.com|accessdate=25 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225130005/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/2505/5/playing-the-bad-boy-in-movies-is-challenging-femi-.html|archivedate=25 February 2015}}</ref> Ọ pụtara na ọrụ Oscar na ihe nkiri soap opera akpọrọ ''Domino'' .<ref name="thisdaylive.com" /> Kemgbe ahụ, ọ pụtago na ihe karịrị otu narị ihe nkiri Naịjirịa, ole na ole n'ime ha ka ọ mepụtara ma duzie.<ref name=":1" /> == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Emume onyinye !Nrite !Nsonaazụ !Ref |- |2018 |[[2018 Best of Nollywood Awards|Best of Nollywood Awards]] |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na ọrụ ndu - Bekee |{{Nom}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2018-12-10|title=BON Awards 2018: Tope Oshin, Tana Adelana win big|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/300174-bon-awards-2018-tope-oshin-tana-adelana-win-big.html|accessdate=2021-10-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Branch, Femi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 18x0af4khvuxz3ejmgjmjmu6txzzyu9 0 14333 692550 136382 2026-07-30T09:45:53Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox person|name=Fatoumata Diabaté|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1980|09|19|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Bamako]], Mali|nationality=|occupation=Photographer|notable_works=|awards={{plainlist| * Blanchère Foundation Prize * Afrique en Créations Prize * Prix Afrique }}|website={{url|fatoumatadiabate.com}}}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Fatoumata Diabaté''', (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 19 n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1980) bụ onye Mali na-ese foto si Bamako .<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://nataal.com/fatoumata-diabate|title=Fatoumata Diabaté|work=nataal.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-30}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dvv-international.de/en/adult-education-and-development/editions/aed-802013-post-2015/artists-of-this-issue/fatoumata-diabate-photographer/|title=Fatoumata Diabaté (Photographer)|work=TEXT|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-30}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == N'afọ 2002, mgbe ọ nọrọ ọnwa itoolu na Centre de Formation Audiovisuel Promo-Femmes training center na Bamako, Diabaté gara n'ihu na ọmụmụ ya na Centre de Formation en Photographie de Bamako (CFP), nke bu n'obi ime ka ndị na-ese foto na Mali bụrụ ndị ọkachamara. E nyere ya ọzụzụ izu abụọ n'ebe ahụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, a hụrụ ya maka mkpali ya na talent ya, wee debe ya ma zụọ ya ruo afọ abụọ ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afriqueinvisu.org/fatoumata-diabate-mali,539.html|title=Fatoumata Diabaté {{!}} Mali|author=Photo|first=World Press|work=Afrique in visu|language=fr|accessdate=2019-12-30}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://knockmag.com/portfolio/fatoumata-diabate/|title=Fatoumata Diabaté|work=Studio Journal knock|language=ja|accessdate=2019-12-30}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.photo-festivals.com/fatoumata-diabate/|title=FATOUMATA DIABATE|author=|first=|date=|work=PhotoFoto Festivals|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402145557/http://www.photo-festivals.com/fatoumata-diabate/|archivedate=2015-04-02|accessdate=2019-12-30}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.addisfotofest.com/2018/fatoumatadiabate/|title=Fatoumata Diabate – Addis Foto Fest|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-30|archivedate=2019-12-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230155101/http://www.addisfotofest.com/2018/fatoumatadiabate/}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.carleton.edu/museum/socialbody/artists/fatoumata/|title=Artiste Fatoumata Diabaté|date=|work=apps.carleton.edu|language=|accessdate=}}</ref> Diabaté mechara ọzụzụ ya na [[Switzerland]] na Vevey Professional Education Center wee laghachi na CFP na Bamako, ebe ọ bụ onye enyemaka teknụzụ site n'afọ 2007 ruo afọ 2009. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Central DUPON's professional printing laboratory na Paris.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|author=Dakin|first=Dagara|date=4 Oct 2017|title=The Midcentury Style: Fatoumata Diabate’s traveling studio revives the golden age of Malian studio portraiture.|url=https://aperture.org/editorial/fatoumata-diabate-interview/|accessdate=5 Mar 2021|work=Aperture}}</ref> Ọmụmụ ihe ya nyere ya ohere iji meziwanye nkà ya na foto gelatin ọlaọcha ojii na-acha ọcha na isonye n'ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ihe na Mali, yana mba ofesi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> O kwuru na onye na-ese foto na Mali bụ Seydou Keïta, onye bụ onye agbata obi ya mgbe ọ na-etolite, dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe. Diabaté enyewokwa Malick Sidibé, Samuel Fosso, na Oumar Ly, ndị niile bụ ndị ọkachamara na-ese foto studio nke Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 Feb 2018|title=Gallery Talks: The Malian artist brings her black & white works to Nataal: New African Photography III at Red Hook Labs|url=https://nataal.com/fatoumata-diabate|accessdate=5 Mar 2021|work=Nataal}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Diabaté esonyewo n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi otu nakwa ndị o mere nanị ya ma nwetakwa ọtụtụ onyinye, ọkachasị Prix Afrique, nke ''Association française d'action artistique'' nyere na-esote 2005 Rencontres africaines de la photographie biennial, Bamako, ebe o nwetara ihe nrite Afrique en Créations maka ọrụ ya Touaregs, en gestes et en mouvements .<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":4"/><ref name=":3"/><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lemondedelaphoto.com/Bamako-Photo-in-Paris-un-hommage,8478.html|title=Bamako Photo in Paris, un hommage aux photographes maliens|author=|first=|date=2013-10-05|work=www.lemondedelaphoto.com|language=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230152306/http://www.lemondedelaphoto.com/Bamako-Photo-in-Paris-un-hommage,8478.html|archivedate=2019-12-30|accessdate=2019-12-30}}</ref> Igwefoto ọ họọrọ bụ igwefoto ọhụụ oge ochie, nke o jiri mee ihe n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-ebugharị / ntinye na ọrụ ya ''Studio Photo de la Rue'', iji mepụta ihe nkiri maka ndị ọ na-achị, ọ bụkwa isi na-ahụ maka ọrụ nke foto studio nke Afrịka kwuru n'elu. [nkọwa dị mkpa] Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na usoro foto analog, ma oji ma ọcha na agba.<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 November 2015|title=The Godfather gets African look for Mali exhibition|work=Agence-France Presse|url=https://www.afp.com/en|accessdate=5 Mar 2021}}</ref><ref name=":7"/> Diabaté eseela foto na kọmitii maka World Press Photo, Oxfam, Rolex, na Bill na Melinda Gates Foundation.<ref name=":5"/><ref name=":7"/> == Ihe ngosi ndị ahọpụtara == * ''Rencontres africaines de la photographie'' (2005, 2009, na mbipụta 2011), Bamako, Mali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/9th-african-photography-biennial/|title=9th African Photography Biennial|author=|first=|date=2012-03-01|work=www.frieze.com|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095516/http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/9th-african-photography-biennial/|archivedate=2015-04-02|accessdate=2019-12-30}}</ref> * Photographing the Social Body: Malian Portraiture from the Studio to the Street (30 March 2012 – 18 May 2012), Carleton College Perlman Teaching Museum, Northfield, Minnesota.<ref name=":4"/> * ''Foto Bamako na Paris'' (4 Ọktoba 2013 - 7 Disemba 2013), Pavillon Carré de Baudoin, Paris.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.franceinter.fr/emission-regardez-voir-oumar-ly-bamako-in-paris|title=Emission Regardez voir / Bamako in Paris du 26/10/2013|date=|work=www.franceinter.fr|language=|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=":6"/> * The Night Belongs to Us / A nous la nuit (10 Ọktoba 2013 - 1 Disemba 2013), Galerie d'art Marabouparken, Sundbyberg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://marabouparken.se/fatoumata-diabate/?lang=en|title=Fatoumata Diabaté|date=|work=marabouparken.se|language=en|accessdate=}}</ref> * ''Bamako - Dakar'' (19 Septemba 2014 - 23 Nọvemba 2014), Stadthaus Ulm, Ulm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stadthaus.ulm.de/stadthaus/weitere_infos.131848.htm|title=Bamako - Dakar|date=|work=www.stadthaus.ulm.de|language=en|accessdate=|archivedate=2015-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203030501/http://www.stadthaus.ulm.de/stadthaus/weitere_infos.131848.htm}}</ref> * ''Femme photographe'' (6 Disemba 2014 - 6 Mee 2015), Hôtel Onomo Dakar Airport, Dakar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.onomohotel.com/Exposition-Femme-Photographe.html|title=Exposition Femme Photographe|date=|work=www.onomohotel.com|language=|accessdate=}}</ref> * ''New African Photography'' III (4–6 Mee 2018), Red Hook Labs, Brooklyn<ref>{{Cite news|author=Jansen|first=Charlotte|date=3 May 2018|title=Womanhood in sharp focus - An exhibition at the 1-54 fair for contemporary African art in New York foregrounds the female perspective|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com|accessdate=5 March 2021}}</ref> == Ihe nrite ahọpụtara == * 2005: Ihe nrite Prix Afrique site na French Association for Artistic Action (AFAA) maka ọrụ ya Touaregs, en gestes et en mouvements .<ref name=":5"/> * 2005: Afrique en Créations prize for Touaregs, en gestes et en mouvements.<ref name=":0"/> * 2011: Ihe nrite Blachère Foundation maka ọrụ ya akpọrọ ''The Animal'' in Man .<ref name=":5" /> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Diabate, Fatoumata}} * Official website * Fatoumata Diabaté on Instagram * [http://dakar-bamako-photo.eu/en/fatoumata-diabat%C3%A9-en.html Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Fatoumata Diabaté na Dakar, 2014] * [https://knockmag.com/portfolio/fatoumata-diabate/ Isiokwu magazin Knock na ajụjụ ọnụ] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 46m6hixzzhl60kfvvottpy3weqysqbq 0 14587 692394 689519 2026-07-29T22:46:50Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Fasil Assefa Beyene''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke ịrị abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 1984) bụ onye Etiopia na-ese ihe nke a maara maka isiokwu ya kachasị mkpa bụ hustle and bustle of Merkato, na igosipụta nka pop nke Etiopia site na eserese ya. A nabatara ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya udo site na Universal Peace Foundation, na Inter Religious and International Federation for World Peace. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ ya na [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] nye Asnakech Degefu na Assefa Beyene, ọ tolitere na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ ịrị na otu. Mgbe Assefa bụ nwata ma ka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Abedissa, ọ na-enwe mmasị mgbe niile na eserese [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs]] nke dị n'ụlọ ndị agbata obi ya ma na-agbalị mgbe niile imegharị ya. Ọ na-agakarị njem. Talent Assefa na eserese na-enwu gbaa mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị nke mere ka ọ họrọ eserese dị ka ụzọ ọrụ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'afọ 2001, ọ debara aha ya na Master Abyssinian fine Art na ụlọ ọrụ ọzụzụ ọrụ aka mgbe ahụ ọ nwetara diplọma ya n'afọ 2002 site na ngalaba eserese mgbe ahụ ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nweta asambodo site na Abyssinia fine Art na ụlọ ọrụ ọzụzụ ọrụ aka n'afọ 2003. Mgbe e mesịrị, Assefa nọgidere na-ese ihe ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi nka, wee gaa n'ihu na-amụ ihe na Addis Ababa University School of Fine Arts na imewe site na 2005–2007; n'ikpeazụ, ọ dị njikere igosipụta ihe ngosi nka mbụ ya nke e mere na Imperial Hotel na Addis abeba n'okpuru aha Colors of the Millennium, Colors of Millennium ngosi emeghewo ọnụ ụzọ maka Fasil dị ka onye na-ese ihe osise ma site na nke ahụ gaa n'ihu, Assefa malitere ịghọ onye na-ese ihe osise oge niile ma gosipụta ihe ngosi nka. == Ihe ngosi == === Ngosipụta o mere naanị ya === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Ebe ! scope="col" |Aha |- |2008 ! scope="row" |''Imperial Hotel [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]]'' |Agba nke Narị Afọ Iri |- |2013 ! scope="row" |''National Museum of Ethiopia'' |Obodo mara mma |} === Ihe ngosi otu === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Ebe ! scope="col" |Aha |- |2001 ! scope="row" |''Russian Center For Science of Culture'' | |- |2002 ! scope="row" |''Ụlọ ihe nkiri mba Etiopia '' | |- |2003 ! scope="row" |''Ụlọ ihe nkiri mba Etiopia '' | |- |2007 ! scope="row" |''Addis Ababa University School of Fine Arts and Design Gallery '' | |- |2011 ! scope="row" |''National Museum of Ethiopia'' | |- |2011 ! scope="row" |''Sheraton Addis Abeba Hotel'' |Art nke Ethiopia |- |2012 ! scope="row" |''Sheraton Addis Abeba Hotel'' |Art nke Ethiopia |- |2013 ! scope="row" |''Sheraton Addis Abeba Hotel'' |Art nke Ethiopia |- |2017 |Art Revolution Taipei |} == Edensibia== * http://www.arts.org.tw/2017/eng/news170415k.html * http://www.imagomundiart.com/artworks/fasil-assefa-beyene-transportation * https://www.addiszefen.com/news/african-identity-underlies-sheraton%E2%80%99s-art-of-ethiopia/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20231120043904/https://www.thenextcanvas.com/fasil-assefa/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20220521031007/https://stgeorgeofethiopia.com/fasil-assefa/ * https://www.sewasew.com/p/who-is-painter-fasil-assefa-%E1%88%B0%E1%8B%93%E1%88%8A-%E1%8D%8B%E1%88%B2%E1%88%8D-%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%B0%E1%8D%8B * https://www.academia.edu/20121724/An_Epic_Chronicle_Renaissance_of_Ethiopian_Contemporary_Art_2005-2015_RP_Vol._IX_No._XXX_MMXVI * https://web.archive.org/web/20220610081052/https://issuu.com/gooddesignischeap/docs/sheraton_addis_art_of_ethiopia_brochure_2011_final * http://www.accademiariaci.info/compfile2019/winners/ {{DEFAULTSORT:Assefa, Fasil}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rkf1ihqr8qjbuqwnr0ygzugv35kahq3 0 14628 692316 188734 2026-07-29T19:09:38Z Anastesia chi 23720 692316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  G. Winston James bụ onye America na-ede Abụ, onye edemede, onye nchịkọta akụkọ, na onye na-eme ihe ike. Nchịkọta uri ya gụnyere ide egwu: Poems Along a Broken Road na The Damaged Good . == Mmalite ndụ ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya == A mụrụ James '''Glenroy Winston James''' na Kingston, Jamaica .<ref>{{Cite web|title=James, G. Winston (1967- ) {{!}} The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed|url=http://www.blackpast.org/aah/james-glenroy-winston-1967|work=www.blackpast.org|accessdate=2016-02-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Columbia College Today|url=http://www.college.columbia.edu/cct_archive/may00/may00_forum3.html|accessdate=2022-05-14|work=www.college.columbia.edu}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara United States n'afọ 1971. Ọ nọrọ afọ uto ya na Paterson, New Jersey, ma gaa Paterson Catholic Regional High School. O nwetara nzere bachelọ na Regional Studies n'afọ 1989 site na Columbia College, Mahadum Columbia, nzere masta na Akụkọ ifo nka nka na kọleji Brooklyn n'afọ 2004, ma gụchaa Masters ọzọ na Business ọkachamara na Marketing / International Business site na Ụlọ akwụkwọ azụmahịa Zicklin na Baruch College n'afọ 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Books|first=powerHouse|title=In the Vale of Cashmere|url=https://powerhousebooks.com/books/in-the-vale-of-cashmere/|accessdate=2022-05-14|work=powerHouse Books|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ ya == Dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike, James nọrọ akụkụ nke 1980s n'afọ mgbe nke 1990s na-arụ ọrụ na New York State Black Gay Network, dị ka Craig G. Harris ibe, aha ya bụ maka onye na-ede uri na onye na-eme ihe ike nke nwụrụ n'ihi nsogbu AIDS na 1993. Na Mba Ndị Ọzọ: Black Gay Expression, otu ndị edemede nke onye edemede Daniel Garrett hiwere n'afọ 1986, James jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche na onye isi oche. N'afọ 2002, James bụ onye nhazi nke Fire & Ink: Ememme ndị ode akwụkwọ maka ndị ode akwụkwọ ojii GLBT. Nchịkọta uri James gụnyere Lyric: Poems Along a Broken Road (Grapevine Press, 1999) na The Damaged Good (Vintage Entity Press, 2007).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lyric: Poems Along A Broken Road|publisher=Grapevine Pr|date=1999-06-21|isbn=9780965511711|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|edition=1st|title=The Damaged Good|publisher=Vintage Entity Press|date=2006-11-17|isbn=9780975298725|language=English|first=G. Winston|author=James}}</ref> Nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirikpi nke James, Shaming the Devil bụ nke akara ya, Top Pen Press bipụtara n'afọ 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shaming the Devil: Collected Short Stories|url=http://www.glbtrt.ala.org/reviews/shaming-the-devil-collected-short-stories/|work=GLBT Reviews|accessdate=2016-02-06|archivedate=2016-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207060427/http://www.glbtrt.ala.org/reviews/shaming-the-devil-collected-short-stories/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya na Lisa C. Moore nke Spirited: Affirming the Soul and Black Gay / Lesbian Identity (RedBone Press, 2006), ma dezie, ya na mba ndị ọzọ, Voices Rising: Celebrating 20 Years of Black Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Writing (RedBone Press, 2007).<ref>{{Cite web|title=RedBone Press - Spirited|url=http://www.redbonepress.com/products/spirited-ed-by-g-winston-james-and-lisa-c-moore|work=www.redbonepress.com|accessdate=2016-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=RedBone Press - Voices Rising|url=http://www.redbonepress.com/products/voices-rising-ed-by-g-winston-james-and-other-countries|work=www.redbonepress.com|accessdate=2016-02-06}}</ref> Kenyatta Dorey Graves na-ede na James na-etinye SGL n'ụzọ siri ike n'okwu nnwere onwe ojii n'ozuzu ya.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Graves|first=Kenyatta Dorey|editor=Clark|title=Contemporary Black Men's Fiction and Drama|date=2001|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=Urbana, Illinois|isbn=978-0-252-02676-8|pages=193–194|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cmsdv8wsQFcC&q=%22G.%20Winston%20James%22&pg=PA193|chapter=Black Homopoetics in the 1990s}}</ref> E bipụtala edemede na edemede James n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ gụnyere Brooklyn Review, Callaloo: A Journal of African American and African Arts and Letters, Fighting Words: Personal Essays by Black Gay Men, For Colored Boys Who Have Considered Suicide When The Rainbow Is Still Not Enough, His 2: Brilliant New Fiction by Gay Writers, Think Again, na Waves: An Anthology of New Gay Fiction . A maara ya dịka onye na-ede uri, enwere ike ịchọta uri James n'ọtụtụ anthologies gụnyere Black Ivy: A Literary and Visual Arts Magazine, Bloom: Queer Fiction, Art, Poetry and More, Freedom in this Village: Twenty-Five Years of Black Gay Men's Writing, Milking Black Bull: 11 Gay Black Poets, na Role Call: A Generatio''na''l Anthology of Social & Political Black Art & Literature na abụọ Lambda Literary Award-winning anthologies: Sojourner: Black Gay Voices in ''the'' Age of AIDS na The Road Before Us: 100 Gay Black Poets. [citation needed] James dere mmeghe nke akwụkwọ foto nke Thomas Roma nke afọ 2015 In the Vale of Cashmere .<ref>{{Cite news|author=Dunne|first=Carey|title=In the Vale of Cashmere: Prospect Park's Hidden World of Gay Cruising|url=http://hyperallergic.com/246424/in-the-vale-of-cashmere-prospect-parks-hidden-world-of-gay-cruising/|work=Hyperallergic|date=October 20, 2015}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:James, G. Winston}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] h6t90n16a6an096psy8q5j1fuhd15nh 0 14995 692433 94596 2026-07-30T03:15:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Ìfé''''' bụkwa '''''Ife''''' (Bekee: Love) bụ onye isi ihe nkiri LGBT nke Naijiria nke afọ 2020 nke onye ama na-ahụ maka ikike LGBTQ nke Naijiria bụ [[Pamela Adie]] mepụtara ma bụrụ nke [[Uyaiedu Ikpe-Etim]] duziri.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-04|title=Here is all you need about 'Ìfé', a lesbian love story directed by Uyai Ikpe-Etim|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/here-is-all-you-need-about-ife-a-lesbian-love-story-directed-by-uyai-ikpe-etim/fzksjlw|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-ekwu na ihe nkiri a bụ ihe nkiri nwanyị mbụ n'enwe mmekọahụ nwanyí na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke [[Nollywood]]. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ nchịkọta kwuru na ọ bụkwa ihe nkiri LGBT mbụ nke Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Olowoyo|first=Ghaniyah|date=2020-07-08|title=Nigerian's First LGBTQ Movie, 'Ife', Set for Release|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202007080109.html|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=allAfrica.com|language=en}}</ref> Ihe nkiri a gbasara ndụ nke di na nwunye ụmụ nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ bụ ndị na-echekwa ihe ịma aka site n'ịbụ ụmụ nwanyị na-edina nwanyị na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Salaudeen|first=Aisha|title=Nollywood film about two women in love tackles homophobia|url=https://www.phillytrib.com/entertainment/movies/nollywood-film-about-two-women-in-love-tackles-homophobia/article_055371f4-6ad3-51c0-bbb6-6bd94026cce8.html|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=The Philadelphia Tribune|language=en}}</ref> Site na nwepụta nke ihe nkiri ahụ na YouTube n'onwa July afọ 2020, a na-atụ anya na a ga-ewepụta ihe nkiri ahụ site na ịntanetị ma eleghị anya na njedebe nke afọ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-08-21|title=Nigerian lesbian love film to go online to avoid censorship board|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-lgbt-film-idUSKBN25H0ZU|accessdate=2020-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian lesbian love film to go online to avoid censorship board|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/nigerian-lesbian-love-film-go-online-avoid-censorship-board-n1237853|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ welitere nchegbu na mgbasa ozi n'etiti ndị Naijiria maka ụdị ihe nkiri ahụ tinyere nnabata mmepe ya. == Ndị nsonye == * Cindy Amadi * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] == Mmepụta == E kpughere na e dere edemede ahụ dị ka akụkọ ịhụnanya n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị abụọ na ọrụ ahụ bụ nke Uyai Ikpe-Etim na Pamela Adie malitere na ntinye aka ya na Equality Hub, otu NGO nke na-arụ ọrụ na Nigeria na-elekwasị anya na ikike LGBT. E debere ihe nkiri ahụ iji katọọ echiche ndị ụlọ ọrụ Nollywood nke dara ịkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ma-emezughị atụmanya nke igosipụta ihe LGBTQ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ike|first=Joanne|date=2020-08-24|title=Nigeria's first lesbian movie, Ìfé, is set to change stereotypes » YNaija|url=http://ynaija.com/nigerias-first-lesbian-movie-ife-is-set-to-change-stereotypes/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=YNaija|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Nnyocha == Ihe nkiri ahụ metụtara nsogbu nyocha n'oge mmepụta ya n'ihi ụdị ya metụtara LGBTQ. mmepụta ihe nkiri na isi foto abụghị maka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'ihi ntinye aka nke National Film and Video Censors Board nke yiri egwu ma jụ ịkwado ihe nkiri ahụ maka nkesa ihe nkiri.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-06|title='Ife', Nigeria's first lesbian movie, goes online to beat NFVCB|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/ife-nigerias-first-lesbian-movie-goes-online-to-beat-nfvcb/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US}}</ref> Tupu nwepụta nke ihe nkiri a n'ọnwa july afọ 2020, a chọpụtara na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri enyeghị ihe nkiri ahụ na NFVCB. A na-ewere nkọwa ihe nkiri nke LGBT na Naịjirịa dị ka mkpalị esemokwu. A na-ewere mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị dị ka nnukwu mmejọ na Naịjirịa ma nye ntaramahụhụ nke mkpọrọ afọ iri na anọ ma ọ bụrụ na a mara ya ikpe. Onye isi ala mbụ bụ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] nyere iwu nke Mmachibido iwu nke 2014 nke na-ekwu na alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị na LGBT dị ka iwu na-akwadoghị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Desmond|first=Vincent|date=2020-08-06|title=Nigerian's First Lesbian Love Story Goes Online to Beat Film Censors|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202008060018.html|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=allAfrica.com|language=en}}</ref> Adedayo Thomas, onye isi nchịkwa nke NFVCB n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''CNN'' siri ọnwụ na Board agaghị akwado ihe nkiri nke na-akwalite isiokwu na ngosipụta nke ihe ndị na-ekwekọghị n'ụkpụrụ, nkwenkwe, omume, ọdịnala na iwu Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Aisha Salaudeen|title=A Nollywood film about two women in love faces an uphill battle in a country where homophobia is rampant|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/ife-queer-film-nigeria-intl/index.html|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref> NFVCB nyekwara ịdọ aka ná ntị na iyi egwu na-ekwu na ọ ga-enyocha ndị na-eme ihe nkiri LGBT na Nollywood na-nrụtụaka na mmepụta nke ''Ife''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-08|title=NFVCB threatens to track LGBT filmmakers in Nollywood|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nfvcb-threatens-to-track-lgbt-filmmakers-in-nollywood/z2whgzw|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nwepụta == Ọ bụ ezie na NFVCB amachibidoghị ihe nkiri ahụ, a na-eme atụmatụ iwepụta ihe nkiri ahụ site na ntanetị n kama iwepụta ihe nkiri iji zere nsogbu nyocha na n'ihi ejighị n'aka n'ihi [[Ọrịa nje korona n'afọ 2020 na Naijirịa|ọrịa COVID-19 na]] Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian's first lesbian love story goes online to beat film censors|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2020/08/05/nigerians-first-lesbian-love-story-goes-online-to-beat-film-censors.html|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=The Jakarta Post|language=en}}</ref> Onye mere ihe nkiri bụ Adie kpughere na a gaghị agbasa ihe nkiri ahụ site na YouTube ma kwuo na a ga-agbasa ihe nkiri ahụ site na ikpo okwu nke ha.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-14|title=The official trailer for 'ÌFÈ' is here!|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/the-official-trailer-for-ife-is-here/3wvpn8d|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716093720/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/the-official-trailer-for-ife-is-here/3wvpn8d}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} g704ivvl1hgo6mnuc49afyf14svk3fd 0 15226 692385 496262 2026-07-29T22:32:22Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Farouk Hosny''' (ma ọ bụ '''Hosni''') (Arabic; amụrụ n'afọ 1938) bụ onye Egypt na-ese osise nke bụ Minista nke Ọdịbendị site na 1987 ruo 2011. == Mmalite ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Hosny ma tolite na Alexandria. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Alexandria University's School of Fine Arts n'afọ 1964 ma mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ duziri Al-Anfoushi Cultural Palace ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Onye na-ese ihe na-enweghị atụ, Hosny mere ihe ngosi n'ụwa niile ma merie ihe nrite omenala na udo nke Japanese Soka Gakai International University.<ref name="biography">{{Cite web|url=http://www.faroukhosny.com/AboutFaroukHosny/Biography/tabid/319/Default.aspx|title=Official Biography|accessdate=2009-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825123547/http://www.faroukhosny.com/AboutFaroukHosny/Biography/tabid/319/Default.aspx|archivedate=2009-08-25}}</ref><ref name="biography" /> N'agbata afọ 1971 na afọ 1978, ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị nke Ijipt na Paris ma site na 1979 ruo 1987 ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'otu ọkwa ahụ na Rom, ebe ọ bụkwa onye nduzi nke Egyptian Academy of Arts.<ref name="interview">{{Cite web|title=Farouk Hosni: Politics of temperament|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/761/profile.htm|date=22–28 September 2005|work=[[Al Ahram]]|publisher=|accessdate=23 September 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917203514/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/761/profile.htm|archivedate=17 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="biography" /> == Oge dị ka Minista nke Ọdịbendị na Ijipt == N'afọ 1987, a họpụtara Hosny ka ọ bụrụ Minista nke Ọdịbendị na Ijipt site n'ọkwa ya na Rom. N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa, ọ gbasaa ebe ngosi nke gọọmentị ma malite mmemme ọdịbendị dị iche iche, gụnyere Horizon One Gallery, Palace of Arts, Gezira Arts Center, Alexandria Center of Arts, Modern Dance Troupe and School, Cairo History Rehabilitation Project (nke gụnyere ọtụtụ ụlọ nzukọ ndị Juu), Nubian Museum na Aswan na Alexandria National Museum (nke a na-ewu bụ Grand Egyptian Museum na National Museum of Civilisation na Fustat) na Cultural Development Fund.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clearing the debris|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2009/962/eg3.htm|date=27 August – 2 September 2009|publisher=[[Al Ahram]]|accessdate=24 September 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011095938/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2009/962/eg3.htm|archivedate=11 October 2009}}</ref><ref name="interview" /> N'afọ 2005, Hosny nyere onye isi ala Hosni Mubarak akwụkwọ arụkwaghịm ya n'ihi ọkụ Beni Suef Cultural Palace, nke ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri iri anọ na asatọ nwụrụ ma merụọ ndị ọzọ ahụ. Mubarak jụrụ ịgba arụkwaghịm Hosny, na nzaghachi maka arịrịọ nke ihe dị ka ndị ọgụgụ isi narị anọ dị elu.<ref name="interview">{{Cite web|title=Farouk Hosni: Politics of temperament|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/761/profile.htm|date=22–28 September 2005|work=[[Al Ahram]]|publisher=|accessdate=23 September 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917203514/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/761/profile.htm|archivedate=17 September 2009}}</ref> Oge Hosny dị ka Minista nke Ọdịbendị kwụsịrị n'ihi mgbanwe ọchịchị Ijipt nke afọ 2011. N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2011, gọọmentị na-anọchi anya Ijipt họpụtara prọfesọ Mahadum Cairo Emad Abu Ghazi ka ọ bụrụ onye isi. == Ọrụ == === Ọnọdụ === * Cultural Animator na General Department of Fine Arts, Ministry of Culture (1964–1969)<ref name="biography" /> * Director, Anfoushy Cultural Palace, Alexandria (1969–1971)<ref name="biography" /> * Onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na onye isi nke Egyptian Cultural Centre, Paris, France (1971–1978)<ref name="biography" /> * Director of Cultural Administration and Director, Children's Cultural Centre, Cairo, and Technical Advisor to the Minister of Culture (1978–1979)<ref name="biography" /> * Osote onye isi, Egyptian Arts Academy, Rome (1979–1982)<ref name="biography" /> * Director, Egyptian Art Academy and Cultural Counselor, Egyptian Embassy, Rome (1982–1987)<ref name="biography" /> * Prọfesọ oge nke Aesthetics na Mahadum Soka Gakkai, Japan (1993)<ref name="biography" /> * Prọfesọ oge na ngalaba nke Fine Arts, Mahadum Alexandria (ebe ọ bụ na 1999)<ref name="biography" /> == Nsọpụrụ == * Ihe nrite, Ememme Cagne-sur-mer, France<ref name="biography" /> * Honorary Ph.D., Mahadum Soka Gakkai, Japan, 1993<ref name="biography" /> * Onyinye Ọdịbendị na Udo, Mahadum Soka Gakkai, Japan, 1993<ref name="biography" /> * Grand Official Award, Gọọmentị nke Ịtali, 1999<ref name="biography" /> * Mediterranean Arts Award nke mpaghara Lazio maka afọ 2005<ref name="biography" /> * Mediterranean Sea Award of Arts maka afọ 2006<ref name="biography" /> * Grand Audio-Visual Award, International Council of Films, Television and Audio-Visuals, UNESCO Paris, July 2007<ref name="biography" /> * Ihe nrite udo nke Mediterranean Forum, Lecce, Ịtali, 2008<ref name="biography" /> == Nkatọ == === Arụmụka Hijab === N'ajụjụ ọnụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na Nọvemba 2006, Hosny katọrọ isi hijab, na-akpọ ya "na-alaghachi azụ". Ọ gbakwụnyere na ọ bụ "nzọụkwụ azụ maka ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt," nakwa na "ụmụ nwanyị nwere ntutu mara mma dị ka okooko osisi ma ekwesighi ikpuchi ha". N'ihi okwu ya, Hosny nwetara nkatọ siri ike site n'aka ndị siri ike, ọkachasị site n'etiti ndị Islamist Muslim Brotherhood, na ndị otu otu narị na iri atọ nke ndị omeiwu Ijipt kpọrọ oku ka ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Religious scholars slam Farouk Hosny for anti veil remarks|url=http://www.dailystaregypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=4033|date=19 November 2006|work=[[Daily News Egypt]]|accessdate=23 September 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314215729/http://www.dailystaregypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=4033|archivedate=14 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=In Egypt, a New Battle Begins Over the Veil|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/weekinreview/28slackman.html|date=28 January 2007|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=23 September 2009|first=Michael|author=Slackman}}</ref> === Nnyocha === Hosny enyochala ụfọdụ mgbasa ozi na ihe nkiri, gụnyere ịmachibido egwu egwu egwu egwu na ijide ndị na-akwado ya, yana ịmachibide ihe nkiri Israel The Band's Visit ka a ghara igosi ya na Cairo International Film Festival.<ref name="bookburning">{{Cite news|title='Hebrew book-burning' minister Farouk Hosni is front-runner to head Unesco|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article6391201.ece|date=30 May 2009|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=23 September 2009|first=Charles|author=Bremner}}</ref><ref name="bookburning" /><ref name="burning">{{Cite web|title=Burning issue|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2008/899/eg3.htm|date=29 May – 4 June 2008|publisher=[[Al Ahram]]|accessdate=23 September 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004191054/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2008/899/eg3.htm|archivedate=4 October 2009}}</ref> == Ntinye aha UNESCO == Na Julaị 30, 2007, Egypt họpụtara Hosny ka ọ nọchie Koichiro Matsuura dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) wee malite mkpọsa iji họpụta ya n'ọkwa ahụ. Ọ dịghị onye Arab nọbu n'ọkwa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Egypt starts campaign for culture minister's UNESCO post nomination|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/6232323.html|work=[[People's Daily Online]]|publisher=[[Xinhua]]|date=6 August 2007|accessdate=26 September 2009}}</ref> A na-ewere Hosni dị ka onye ga-emeri na ntuli aka nke Septemba 2009, mana nkwa ya na Mee 2008 ịgba akwụkwọ Israel ọkụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt kpalitere obi abụọ banyere iru eru ya maka ọnọdụ ahụ ma mee ka mmegide megide nnọchiteanya ya sie ike. Ndị ọkà mmụta atọ na ndị na-eme ihe ike nke ndị Juu bụ Bernard-Henri Lévy, Claude Lanzmann, na Elie Wiesel mere mkpọsa iji megide nhọpụta Hosny.<ref name="washpo">{{Cite news|title=Wrong Man For Top Job At UNESCO?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/08/AR2009090802084.html|work=[[Washington Post]]|date=9 September 2009|accessdate=26 September 2009|first=Edward|author=Cody}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ ozi e degaara mba ụwa na Mee 2009, mmadụ atọ ahụ katọrọ na mmeri Hosny "ga-abụ ihe doro anya na-akpali akpali nke megidere echiche UN nke UNESCO na-agaghị agbake. " Ha rịọrọ, "Anyị ga-arịọ, n'egbughị oge, arịrịọ na akọ na uche onye ọ bụla ka ọ ghara ịdaba n'aka nwoke, mgbe ọ nụrụ okwu 'omenala,' jiri akwụkwọ ọkụ na-azaghachi".<ref>{{Cite news|first=Bernard-Henri|author=Lévy|title=UNESCO: The Shame of a Disaster Foretold|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bernardhenri-levy/unesco-the-shame-of-a-dis_b_206585.html|work=[[Huffington Post]]|date=21 May 2009|accessdate=26 September 2009}}</ref> N'ihe gbasara nyocha, ndị Reporters Without Borders megidere Hosny, na-ekwu, sị, "Minista Hosni Mubarak a abụwo otu n'ime ndị isi na-eme nyocha na Egypt, na-anwa ịchịkwa nnwere onwe mgbasa ozi yana nnwere onwe ozi ụmụ amaala. "<ref name="washpo" /> Na Septemba 22, 2009, Hosny meriri na ntuli aka UNESCO na iwe dị egwu na ntuliaka nke ise na nke ikpeazụ nke ntuli aka na onye [[Bulgaria]] Irina Bokova, onye nwetara vootu iri atọ na otu ka Hosni nwetara iri abụọ na asaa . Na agba nke anọ nke ịtụ vootu, ndị abụọ ahụ jikọtara na votu iri abụọ na itoolunke ọ bụla. Hosny kwuru na mmeri ya sitere na nrụgide ndị Zionist na otu ndị Juu nwere mmetụta, nke nwere ike na-ezo aka na Lévy, Lanzmann, na Wiesel bụ ndị na-emegide ya.<ref name="blame">{{Cite web|title=UNESCO row as defeated Egypt candidate blames 'Zionist' lobby|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gVaKeLQJZzZU5-d2Ck0onQY-3y4g|date=23 September 2009|publisher=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]|accessdate=24 September 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Egyptian minister blames Jews for UNESCO loss|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ivWBeREr1QQ2p0Q6QOrwehcu2K9AD9AT54MO3|date=23 September 2009|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|accessdate=26 September 2009}}</ref> Ọ katọrọ onye nnọchi anya US na UNESCO, David Killion, maka imebi nhọpụta ya wee kwuo, "Ebe ugwu ga-achịkwa ndịda mgbe niile".<ref name="blame" /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hosny, Farouk}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fao0peza3lg96yu32smphtw6mih8p0j 0 15234 692401 671598 2026-07-29T23:01:34Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Fathi Hassan''' (Arabic) (amụrụ na 10 Mee 1957) bụ onye Ijipt, onye Omenkà bire na Ịtali nke a maara maka ntinye ya metụtara okwu edere. [1] A na-ewere Fathi Hassan dị ka onye na-ese ihe n'Africa na Muslim kacha mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkà ọgbara ọhụrụ na nke oge a. == Ndụ == A mụrụ Fathi Hassan na Cairo n'afọ 1957 dị ka nwa nwoke nke abụọ n'ezinụlọ Nubian. [2] Nna ya Hassan bụ onye Sudan na nne ya bụ Fatma si na mpaghara Toshka Lakes na ndịda Ijipt. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Kerabia na Cairo, ebe ọ zutere onye na-akpụ ihe Ghaleb Khater. == Ọrụ == N'afọ 1979, Hassan natara onyinye site n'aka Italian Cultural Institute na Cairo wee kwaga Naples. [1][2] Ọ debanyere aha na Accademia di Belle Arti n'afọ 1980 iji mụọ ihe osise. [2] Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1984 na edemede banyere mmetụta nke nka Africa na Cubism. [2] Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ ma n'afọ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Hassan rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta ihe na RAI (Radiotelevisione Italiana works) na Naples na Rome. [2] N'afọ 1986, ọ kwagara Pesaro. N'afọ 1989, Hassan bụ onye omenkà mbụ nke ihe nketa Afrịka a kpọrọ na ngalaba "Aperto" nke 43rd Venice Biennale nke Dan Cameron na Giovanni Carandente haziri. O gosipụtara n'ọtụtụ gallery na Italy, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, Egypt, na United States. Ọrụ Hassan na-emekarị ka ike dị ike na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti okwu a na-ekwu na nke edere ede; site na ihe nketa Nubian ya, ọ na-ekwusi ike na ọnwụ nke asụsụ n'okpuru ọchịchị nke ọchịchị. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya dabere na calligraphy kufic, mana ha ka na-akpachara anya na-agụ akwụkwọ ma ghara ikwe omume ịkọwapụta. Na vidiyo ya Blessed ''Nubia'' (2002) bụ nyocha nke asụsụ mbụ nke Nubia . [1] Hassan ebiela ma rụọ ọrụ na Ịtali kemgbe afọ 1979, na-eke oge ya n'etiti Rome, Milan na Fano. [1][4][5] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [https://casoriacontemporaryartmuseum.com/en/oversea-art-from-mediterranean/ Oversea: Art from Mediterranean] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228184603/https://casoriacontemporaryartmuseum.com/en/oversea-art-from-mediterranean/ |date=2021-12-28 }}. Casoria: Casoria Contemporary Art Museum. Accessed December 2021.</ref> </ref>Kathleen Goncharov (2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090502005725/http://www.fathihassan-akkij.com/CURRICULUM/tabid/58/Default.aspx Biografia e lavori di Fathi Hassan, Akkij] (in Italian and Arabic). ''www.fathihassan-akkij.com''. Archived 2 May 2009.</ref> </ref>Kathleen Goncharov (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090402145317/http://www.fathihassan-akkij.com/TEXTBYGONCHAROV/ENGLISH/tabid/56/Default.aspx Fathi Hassan: Cultural Nomad]. In: Micaela Nardi (editor) (2007). ''Fathi Hassan: Safir'' (exhibition catalogue). Senigallia: Ed. Della Rovere. Archived 2 April 2009.<ref><ref name=lhm>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101129091212/http://rbkc.gov.uk/subsites/museums/leightonhousemuseum/exhibitions.aspx Exhibitions]. 'Fathi Hassan: Signs of our Times', Leighton House Museum; The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, accompanied by a monograph, edited by Rose Issa, Beyond Art Production, London 2010. Archived 29 November 2010. <ref name=nmaa>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100926152036/http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/textures/artist-hassan.html Textures: Word and Symbol in Contemporary African Art – Fathi Hassan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926152036/http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/textures/artist-hassan.html |date=26 September 2010 }}. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian National Museum of African Art. Accessed December 2021.<ref> 'Fathi Hassan', edited by Rose Issa, Rose Issa Projects/Beyond Art Production, London 2010. <ref name=nmaa>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100926152036/http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/textures/artist-hassan.html Textures: Word and Symbol in Contemporary African Art – Fathi Hassan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926152036/http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/textures/artist-hassan.html |date=2010-09-26 }}. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian National Museum of African Art. Accessed December 2021.</ref>}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hassan, Fathi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2u9uubyqep4c1gawgh93lb3pqifvaba 0 15482 692338 130095 2026-07-29T19:52:28Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Fella Ababsa''' (Arabic; a mụrụ n'April 23, 1961), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha egwu ya bụ '''Fella El Djazairia''' ( comercio الجزائرية, n'ụzọ nkịtị 'Fella onye Algeria'), bụ onye Algeria na-agụ egwu, onye na-akpọ piano, onye na'eme ihe nkiri, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri.<ref name="Lohman2010">{{Cite book|author=Lohman|first=Laura|title=Umm Kulthum: Artistic Agency and the Shaping of an Arab Legend, 1967–2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWng7fS031gC&pg=PA149|accessdate=August 19, 2011|year=2010|publisher=Wesleyan University Press|isbn=978-0-8195-7071-0}}</ref> O jikwa aha egwu Fella Soltana mee ihe. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Fella Ababsa n'obodo Saint Denis, mba France, mgbe ahụ ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Algeria afọ olenole ka e mesịrị. Ọ si n'ezinụlọ a ma ama na-ese ihe na Algeria. Nna ya Abdelhamid Ababsa bụ onye na-ede uri, onye na-eti egwu na onye na-agụ egwu. Nwanne ya nwoke Najeeb bụ onye na-agụ egwú a ma ama nakwa nwanne ya nwanyị Naima.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ahlasoot.com/biography.asp?ID=48|title=MP3 – اغاني عربيه واغانى شعبى للاستماع والتحميل|author=Nogomi|work=ahlasoot.com|language=ar|accessdate=February 7, 2018|archivedate=September 9, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909064727/http://ahlasoot.com/biography.asp?ID=48}}</ref> Site na mgbe ọ dị obere, egwu Andalousian na Algeria gbara ya gburugburu, ma ọ mụta piano na Oud yana ngwá egwu ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, ọ sonyeere òtù egwu na isi obodo, mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ ọ hapụrụ maka usoro ihe ngosi na London ebe o wuru mgbasa ozi ma nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ ma melite ihe ọmụma ya banyere egwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na mba United States na mbido afọ 1990. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye mba Algeria, ọ na-abụkarị abụ n'asụsụ Egyptian-Arabic, ebe ọ na-enweghị ike inweta ewu ewu na Maghreb, o mechara gaa [[Egypt|Ijipt]] na Middle-East ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, a na-abụ abụ mbụ Ababsa na Algeria-Arabic, ọ na-abụkwa abụ mgbe ụfọdụ na Bekee, dịka na 'Rani Jay'. O yikarịrị ka ihe kachasị dị ịrịba ama banyere ya bụ na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụrụ abụ na mba French, nke ndị na-agụ egwu North Africa na-eji n'ọtụtụ ebe. == Ndụ onwe == Ọ lụrụ onye Algeria mgbe ọ dị afọ 16/17, ya na nwa ya nwanyị, Saida, ebe ha bi na United Kingdom, mgbe ahụ ha gbara alụkwaghịm wee laghachi Algeria. Ka oge na-aga, ọ lụrụ onye ọchụnta ego Kuwait Najeeb Al-Mutawa, na nwoke ji afọ iri na ise tọọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljamila.com/node/217101/%D9%81%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8/10-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%82%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA|title=10 معلومات عن فلة الجزائرية.. تزوجت في مرحلة المراهقة واعترفت بإجرائها عملية تجميل|work=aljamila.com|language=Arabic|date=8 March 2018}}</ref> N'afọ 1996, e boro ya ebubo "ịkwa iko" mgbe ya na onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Ijipt Gamal Abdel-Hamid kwere nkwa ọlụlụ n'[[Egypt|Ijipt]], n'ihi ya, a mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ atọ ma machibido ya ịbanye Ijipt mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị.<ref name="lahamag">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lahamag.com/article/36585-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7|title=فلّة تفجّر مفاجأة: "لفّقوا لي قضية الدعارة وسجنوني"، وهل تتهم لطيفة بتلفيق القضيّة لها؟|work=lahamag.com|language=Arabic|date=17 November 2014}}</ref> O mechara boo onye na-agụ egwu Tunisia bụ Latifa, na onye ọka iwu Ijipt bụ Mortada Mansour, ebubo ụgha ahụ.<ref name="lahamag" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.raialyoum.com/index.php/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%87/|title=“فلة” الجزائرية تفجر مفاجأة جديدة وتتهم المستشار المصري مرتضي منصور بتلفيق قضية الدعارة|work=raialyoum.com|language=Arabic|date=11 October 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, ọ nwara ịbanye Ijipt mana ekweghị ka ọ banye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnn.net/Section_23/%D9%81%D9%86/%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_7848|title=فنانة جزائرية متهمة في قضية "دعارة" بمصر.. تطلب وساطة بو تفليقة|work=arabnn.net|language=Arabic|date=27 January 2019}}</ref> == Ndekọ Egwu == * Fiq Ya Aachek Ezzin (1992) : <small>Fiq Ya Aachek Ezzin • Tahmouni Bik • El Walf • Ya Qualbi • Ya Sbai Gholbi • Manahki Manachki</small> * Singin' Raï (1993) : <small>Rani Jay • Ya Rayt • Lawah • Ghazali • El Wahdaniya • Mazal • Singin' Raï</small> * Ime Anwansi Ọwụwa Anyanwụ (1998) : <small>Anta Eli Khtart • Sinene Essamt • Mnawar Hayena • Ya Layali El Farah • Bi Anwar El Farah</small> * Sidi Khaled (2000) : <small>Sidi Khaled • Galou Ma Galou • Hay Hannani • Zein El Moustach • Rayeh Jay • Nassi Rahala</small> * Ki Lyoum (2000) : <small>Sebaa • Balek Machghoul • Ya Tayeb El Galb • Netsamah • Chahel Layen • Ajini • Mesbah Eddawi • Kloub El Hassad • Testahel Ya Qualbi • El Maaquara • Ki Lyoum</small> * Tashakurat (2001) : <small>Mahlan Alay • Tashakurat • Hilmak • Kan Yamakan • Ndị ikom Ana • Shaka Baka • Dakhlak Ya Lail • Abkaitani</small> * Akị bekee Tunisian (2003) : <small>Bakhnoug • Ya Khalila • Ya Mou Lawin Ezerga • Wi Baan Khoulkhal Aicha • Ya Lalalli • Lal Galla • Achiri Lawa • Fi Gallala Nachbah Zouz Bnaat • Morjana • Addala • Rakba El Khayal • Ya Bent Blad • Mahanni Ezzine • Mahlaha • Ya Lalla • Sarrek Mathl Ou • Aalach Mahwa Kan Enta</small> * Sahrat Tarab (2006) : <small>Aally Jara • Lula El Malamah • Ana Ben Tetharek • Nasem Aalena El Hawa • Mestaneyak • Fe Yom Wa Laila</small> == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Djazairia, Fella}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 17sn4wuxvhpt43tjy2l6c0g04axohit 0 15543 692343 632080 2026-07-29T19:57:36Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Mohamed Fellag''' (a mụrụ na 31 Machị 1950 na Azeffoun, Tizi Ouzou) bụ onye Algeria na-eme ihe ọchị, onye edemede, onye na-akpa ụka ọchị, na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arab-art.org/arts.php?artisteID=1357&PHPSESSID=2f9c2e900029f38c6a5e670604f90444|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2009-06-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081114035955/http://www.arab-art.org/arts.php?artisteID=1357&PHPSESSID=eb218af357035dfc34d53be48d751427|archivedate=2008-11-14}}</ref> N'afọ 1958, n'oge agha nnwere onwe Algeria, nna ya kpọọrọ ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, maka nchekwa ha, ka ha na nwanne nne ha nọrọ na Beni-Messous (n'oge ahụ obere obodo dị nso na Algiers) ebe ha gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Tizi-Ouzou (Ecole Jeanmaire na CEG.) Ọ banyere na School of Dramatic Arts nke Algiers n1968 wee nọrọ ebe ahụ afọ anọ na-eme ihe nkiri n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ihe nkiri na Algeria. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Ọrụ == Site n'afọ1978 ruo afọ 1985, o sonyere n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, tupu ọ laghachi Algeria n'afọ 1985 iji sonye na National Theatre of Algeria iji rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepụta nke Eduardo De Filippo nke LīArt de la Comédie . N'afọ 1986, ọ gbara egwu na Ray Bradbury's Le Costume Blanc Couleur Glace à la Noix de Coco ma mepụta Les Aventures de Tchop, ''ihe'' ngosi mbụ ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na ihe ngosi TV n'oge ọgba aghara na Algeria n'oge ngwụcha afọ 80 na mmalite afọ 90. N'afọ 1989 o dere egwuregwu Cocktail Khorotov na ''SOS Labès'' n'afọ 1990. Ọ sochiri nke a n'afọ 1992 na Un bateau pour l'Australie-Babor Australia .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.evene.fr/celebre/biographie/fellag-5397.php|title=Fellag|work=Evene.fr|language=fr|accessdate=2018-02-05|archivedate=2013-01-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114200805/http://www.evene.fr/celebre/biographie/fellag-5397.php}}</ref> N'afọ 1995, mgbe bọmbụ gbawara n'otu n'ime ihe ngosi ya, ọ gara [[Tunisia]] ma mesịa gaa [[France]]. N'ebe ahụ, ọ chọtara ihe ịga nke ọma n'elu ikpo okwu na egwuregwu ya nke chere nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke France ihu. Ọ pụtara n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, ọkachasị kemgbe afọ 2005, gụnyere Monsieur Lazhar, onye a họpụtara na Oscar, nke o ritere ihe nrite Canadian Genie Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ọrụ ndu. == Onyinye na ihe nrite == * ''Ihe nrite nke'' Syndicat de la Critique (Critics' Circle Award) 1998 * ''Onyinye Prince Claus'' - 1999 * ''Ihe nrite'' ''Raymond Devos'' 2003 * ''Ihe nrite nke SACD nke Francophonie'' 2003 == Egwuregwu == * ''Akị bekee Khorotov'', 1989 * SOS Labes, 1990 * ''Ụgbọ mmiri'' Na-aga Australia, 1992 * Ọrịa Djurdjurassic Bled, 1998 * La ''Casbah'', 2003 na Biyouna * ''Kamel'' Ikpeazụ, 2004 * ''Oge Ninjas na Djurdjurassic'' (The ''Dinosaurs'') na ihe nkiri nke gymnase Marie-Bell, 2007 == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == * ''Ihe Ndị'' A Na-eme na Chọp, 1965 * ''Akị bekee Khorotov'', 1989 * SOS Labes, 1990 * ''Balcon nke Djamila'' * Ọbara ọbara, 1999 * Rue des petites daurades, akwụkwọ akụkọ, 2001 * ''Ọ'' bụ na Algiers, 2002 * ''Otu esi eme nke ọma'' n'otu obere couscous, 2003 * ''Kamel nke Ikpeazụ'' * ''Onye na-enye'' ọkụ nke nrọ Berber, 2007 * ''Ndị Algeria niile bụ ndị injinia'', 2009 == Ihe nkiri == * 1983: Liberté, la nuit, nke Philippe Garrel dere * 1990: ''Site na Hollywood'' gaa Tamanrasset * 1998: Le Gone du Chaâba, nke Christophe Ruggia dere * 2001: ''Inch'Allah'' dimanche, nke Yamina Benguigui dere * 2002: Fleurs de sang, nke Myriam Mézières dere * 2003: ''Momo mambo'', nke Laïla Marrakchi * 2005: Ndị agbata obi, ''ndị agbata obi'', nke Malik Chibane * 2005: Rue des figuiers, nke Yasmina Yahiaoui dere * 2006: ''Michou'' d'Auber, nke Thomas Gilou dere * 2007: L'Ennemi intime, nke Florent Emilio Siri dere * 2009: ''Ndị Barons'' * 2010: ''N'elu'' ala, n'akụkụ aka ekpe * 2010: Bacon n'akụkụ * 2011: The Rabbi's Cat, nke Joann Sfar dere * 2011: Monsieur Lazhar, nke Philippe Falardeau dere * 2012: What the Day Owes the Night, nke Alexandre Arcady dere == Edemsibịa == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090427065959/http://www.fellag.fr/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Mohand] * {{IMDb name|271408}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fellag}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tbrzrgw5obr4vry4xik88ar06hihejm 0 15591 692537 99148 2026-07-30T09:38:33Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatou N'Diaye''' bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, sitere na Senegal, a mụrụ n'afọ 1980 na Saint-Louis du [[Senegal|Sénégal]] . == Akụkọ ndụ == Mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ, ya na nne ya hapụrụ Senegal wee kwaga Paris. N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 16/17, Oliviero Toscani, onye na-ese foto azụmahịa maka akara Benetton, chọpụtara ya, nke, n'ikpeazụ, dugara n'ọrụ ime ihe ngosi. Fatou mụtara Guinea-Bissau Creole maka ọrụ ya dịka Vita na ihe nkiri afọ 2002 ''Nha fala'' .<ref name="Arenas">{{Cite book|author=Arenas|first=Fernando|year=2011|title=Lusophone Africa: Beyond Independence|url=https://archive.org/details/lusophoneafricab00aren|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=9780816669837}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=McCluskey|first=Audrey Thomas|year=2007|title=Frame by Frame III: A Filmography of the African Diasporan Image, 1994-2004|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253348296}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == * 2001: ''Fatou'' la Malienne ihe nkiri TV nke Daniel Vigne: Fatou * 2002: Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra nke Alain Chabat: Exlibris * 2002: Angelina (TV): ''Angelina'' * 2002: ''Nha fala'' (''Olu m'') nke Flora Gomes: Vita<ref name="Arenas" /> * 2003: Spirit of the Mask (''ihe omume'' TV Aventure et associés): Celia * 2003: ''Fatou'', l'espoir (TV): Fatou * 2004: ''Ndụ ọzọ'' (TV): Djenaba * 2004: ''Souli'': Abi<ref>{{Cite book|author=Rosenthal|first=Daniel|year=2007|title=100 Shakespeare Films|publisher=British Film Institute|pages=184-185|isbn=9781844571703}}</ref> * 2006: ''Otu Sọnde na Kigali'' nke Robert Favreau dere: Gentille<ref>{{Cite book|author=Prorokova|first=Tatiana|year=2018|chapter=Shaming the West|editor=Edwards|title=The Rwandan Genocide on Film|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9781476670720}}</ref> * 2006: Guet-apens (''ihe'' omume TV Alex Santana, onye na-ekwurịta okwu): Julia * 2006 - Ebe okpomọkụ na-atọ ụtọ * 2006: The Front Line nke David Gleeson: Kala * 2007: Tropiques amers (ihe nkiri TV): Adèle * 2008: Aide-toi, le ciel t'aidera nke François Dupeyron: Liz * 2008: Marianne (TV) nke Philippe Guez si na usoro Scénarios contre les discriminations: ''Marianne'' * 2010: ''Victor Sauvage'' (TV) nke Patrick Grandperret * 2010: Ekele papa, ekele mama (TV) nke Vincent Giovanni: Audrey * 2011: Passage du désir (TV) nke Jérôme Foulon: Ingrid Diesel * 2014: ''Engrenages'' (TV): Carole Mendy * 2018: Angel * 2019: ''Scappo n'ụlọ'' * 2021: OSS 117: Red Alert na Black Africa == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:N'diaye, Fatou}} * {{IMDb name|0618456}} {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] id55rm4aug3towln3o20hu9c2uc9870 0 15664 692319 160985 2026-07-29T19:14:36Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  '''Gabi Ngcobo''' bụ onye nlekọta South Africa, onye na-ese ihe nà onye nkuzi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Selvin|first=Alex Greenberger,Claire|date=2021-05-20|title=25 Curators Shaping the Art World Today|url=https://www.artnews.com/list/art-news/artists/top-curators-shaping-art-world-today-1234593112/|accessdate=2021-08-31|work=ARTnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ugbú a ọ bụ Curatorial Director nà Javett Art Centre na Mahadum Pretoria (Javett-UP). == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Gabi Ngcobo na Umlazi, mpaghara nkè Durban nké dị na mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal nkè taa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Blignaut|first=Charl|title=Meet Gabi Ngcobo, one of the most powerful curators in the world right now|url=https://www.news24.com/w24/PopCulture/Entertainment/Arts/meet-gabi-ngcobo-one-of-the-most-powerful-curators-in-the-world-right-now-20180729|accessdate=2021-06-12|work=W24|language=en-US}}</ref> Ngcobo gụrụ akụkọ nka na Mahadum Durban-Westville . Mgbè ọ gụsịrị BA ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ''Iziko South African National Gallery'' na Cape Africa Platform na Cape Town, ''ebe'' ya na Jonathan Garnham jikọrọ aka hazie Cape 07 Biennale n'afọ 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cape 07|url=https://www.artlink.com.au/articles/2954/cape-07/|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=Artlink Magazine|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, ọ gụsịrị Master na Curatorial Studies na Center for Curatorial studies na Bard College na [[New York City|New York]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gabi Ngcobo|url=https://ccs.bard.edu/people/175-gabi-ngcobo|accessdate=2021-06-12|work=CCS Bard|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Kemgbe mmalite afọ 2000, Gabi Ngcobo etinyela áká na mmekorita, nka na ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Peter Eckersall, Bertie Ferdman|title=Curating Dramaturgies - How Dramaturgy and Curating are Intersecting in the Contemporary Arts|publisher=Routledge|year=2021|isbn=9780367711993|location=New York|pages=13}}</ref> Ya na [[Dineo Seshee Bopape]] na Sinethemba Twalo bụ ónyé guzobere NGO - Nothing Gets Organised.<ref name=":0" /> ''NGO'' na-elekwasị ányà na usoro na nhazi onwé ónyé nke na-ewere ọnọdụ na mpụga usoro na ọnọdụ akọwapụtara. N'afọ 2010, ya na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe, ndị nlekọta, na ndị edemede, guzobere Center for Historical Reenactments (CHR).<ref>{{Cite book|author=Smith|first=Terry E.|title=Thinking Contemporary Curating - Issue 1 of ICI perspectives in curating|publisher=Independent Curators International|year=2012|isbn=9780916365868|location=the University of California|pages=156}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Center for Historical Reenactments|url=http://historicalreenactments.org/index3.html|accessdate=18 November 2021|work=Center for Historical Reenactments|language=en}}</ref> CHR na-azaghachi ma na-ajụ otú ihe nketa akụkọ ihe méré eme si emetụta ma na-emetụta n'ime nka nke oge a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gabi Ngcobo|url=http://www.rawmaterialcompany.org/_2835|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=www.rawmaterialcompany.org|language=en}}</ref> CHR na Kemang Wa-Lehulere na Donna Kukama, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, duziri, ma bụrụ akụkụ nke Biennale de Lyon nọmba nké irí nà otu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artistes de l'exposition internationale|url=https://www.labiennaledelyon.com/archives-generale/art-contemporain-2011/artistes-de-l-exposition-internationale-5f3cf5309cfd3|accessdate=2021-06-12|work=Biennale de Lyon|language=fr}}</ref> Ngcobo bụ ónyé na-ahụ màkà 32nd São Paulo Biennial na 2016, nke e gosipụtara na Ciccillo Matarazzo Pavilion na São Paulo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=32nd São Paulo Biennial, 2016|url=https://universes.art/en/sao-paulo-biennial/2016|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=universes.art|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2018 ya na Nomaduma Rosa Masilela, Serubiri Moses, Thiago de Paula Souza na Yvette Mutumba haziri 10th Berlin Biennale for Contemporary Art na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=We Don't Need Another Hero - Biennales - Berlin Biennale|url=https://www.berlinbiennale.de/en/biennalen/1339/we-don-t-need-another-hero|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=www.berlinbiennale.de|language=en}}</ref> Ya na Dr. Yvette Mutumba jikọtara ihe ngosi A Labour of Love na 2015 dị ka akụkụ nkè ebe obibi ya na Weltkulturen Museum na Frankfurt am Main. N'etiti afọ 2011 na 2020 ọ bụ ónyé nkuzi na Wits University School of Arts, na Johannesburg. Kemgbe afọ 2021 ọ bụ ónyé nduzi Curatorial na Javett Art Centre na Mahadum Pretoria (Javett-UP).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gabi Ngcobo Officially Appointed Curatorial Director of Javett-UP|url=https://contemporaryand.com/fr/magazines/gabi-ngcobo-officially-appointed-curatorial-director-of-javett-up/|accessdate=2021-06-03|work=Contemporary And|language=de}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == * Gabi Ngcobo, Yvette Mutumba (ed.) A LABOUR OF LOVE. ihe ngosi catalogue, Weltkulturen Museum, German na English, Kerber Art Verlag, ISBN 978-3-7356-0140-7.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Weltkulturenmuseum - Publications|url=https://www.weltkulturenmuseum.de/en/publications/?publication=a-labour-of-love|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=www.weltkulturenmuseum.de}}</ref> * Gabi Ngcobo Don't panic, English, Jacana Media, 2012, ISBN 978-1-9201-9637-0. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2007077155/ Gabi Ngcobo] na WorldCat. * [http://www.historicalreenactments.org/ Ebe a na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi akụkọ ihe mere eme] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ngcobo, Gabi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] k2b9vxqqg4xcmhmj5llyg3eok007bu8 0 15812 692423 631030 2026-07-29T23:58:49Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Fatima Ben Saïdane''' (a mụrụ na 25 Disemba 1949), bụ [[Tunisia|onye Tunisia]] na-eme ihe nkiri.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-21|title=FATIMA BEN SAÏDANE ACTOR|url=https://mubi.com/cast/fatima-ben-saidane|archivedate=2020-11-21|accessdate=2020-11-21|work=MUBI}}</ref> Otu n'ime ogidi ndị mbụ nke ihe nkiri sinima Tunisia, a maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ndị a ma ama nke a na-akpọ Making Of, ''Halfaouine'': Boy of the Terraces na ''Thala'' My Love.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-21|title=Fatima Ben Saïdane Darstellerin/Darsteller in Serien|url=https://www.fernsehserien.de/fatima-ben-saidane/filmografie|archivedate=2020-11-21|accessdate=2020-11-21|work=fernsehserien}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-21|title=Fatima Ben Saïdane films|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bb3d94a01|archivedate=2020-11-21|accessdate=2020-11-21}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == A mụrụ ya n'abalị 25, ọnwa Disemba, afọ 1949 na Tunis, Tunisia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-21|title=Fatima Ben SAÏDANE (Fatma Saidane)|url=https://en.notrecinema.com/communaute/stars/stars.php3?staridx=80841|archivedate=2020-11-21|accessdate=2020-11-21|work=notrecinema}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Fatima malitere ọrụ ihe nkiri ya n'afọ 1989 na ihe nkiri Arab ma rụọ obere ọrụ 'Asfour'. N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere ihe nkiri Layla, Ma Raison . N'afọ 1990, ọ rụrụ ọrụ 'Salouha' na ihe nkiri ''Halfaouine'': Boy of the Terraces . Mgbe ọtụtụ obere ọrụ nkwado na ngwụcha afọ 1990, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri isii dị mkpirikpi na ihe ngosi n'afọ 2006: 10 Courts, ''10'' Regards, Dementia, Me, My Sister and the Thing, Mrs Bahja, Making Of na The ''TV'' Is Coming.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-21|title=Fatma Ben Saidane|url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/1057185/|archivedate=2020-11-21|accessdate=2020-11-21|work=elcinema}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-21|title=Fatma Ben Saïdane Actress|url=https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/410860/fatma-ben-saidane|archivedate=2025-07-20|accessdate=2020-11-21|work=unifrance|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720091628/https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/410860/fatma-ben-saidane}}</ref> == Akụkụ Filmography == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Ụdị ![Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |- |1994 |''Udo nke Obí Eze'' | |Ihe nkiri | |- |2002 |''Nwa nwanyị nke Keltoum'' | |Ihe nkiri | |- |2006 |''Ime Ka'' | |Ihe nkiri | |- |2013 |''Ịlụ di ma ọ bụ nwunye'' |Oriakụ Lina |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2014 |''N'abalị nke ọnwa kpuru ìsì'' | |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2015 |''Chart 50'' | |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2015 |''Narcissus'' |Arousssia |Ihe nkiri | |- |2015 |''Dicta Shot'' | |Ihe nkiri | |- |2016 |''Ọsụsọ Dị Nri nke Oge Ozuzo'' |Salouha |Ihe nkiri | |- |2016 |''Ihe ndekọ obodo m'' |Nne nne |Ihe nkiri | |- |2016 |''Thala Ịhụnanya M'' |Mgbanwe |Ihe nkiri | |- |2016 |''WOH!'' |Zakia |Ihe nkiri | |- |2017 |''Benzine'' | |Ihe nkiri | |- |2017 |''Akụkọ Mmiri'' | |Ihe nkiri | |- |2017 |''El Jaida'' | |Ihe nkiri | |- |2017 |''Mgbe Eluigwe malitere iti mkpu'' | |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2018 |''Bọl'' |Bọl |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2019 |''Porto Farina'' |Aishah |Ihe nkiri | |- |2019 |''Ndị Na-eyi Egwu Egwu'' |Dora |Ihe nkiri | |- |2020 |''Ọchịchị'' |Ọchịchị |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2020 |''Machki w'Âoued'' |Nne Rabii |Ihe nkiri | |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|nm0069964}} * [[c:Category:Fatma_Ben_Saidane|Foto]] * [http://africultures.com/personnes/?type=films&numb=10857 Filmography nke Fatima Ben Saïdane] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ben Saïdane, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] gdbvxpyjmope1o8cif45u7c3vdck9p3 0 15897 692402 451872 2026-07-29T23:02:55Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fathi Uraybi''' (15 Machị 1942 - 2 Eprel 2015) bụ odee na onye na-ese ihe na [[Libya]]. O nyere ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ngalaba; nke gụnyere foto, ime ihe nkiri, agụmakwụkwọ, na imepụta ihe osise. Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin Kraassi, nke bụ magazin eletrọniki nke na-atụle oche na akwụkwọ na nka n'asụsụ Arabic, na, mgbe e mesịrị, n'asụsụ ụwa niile.<ref name="kraassi">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=مجلة كراسي|url=http://www.kraassi.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725022025/http://www.kraassi.com/|archivedate=25 July 2017|accessdate=22 January 2021|work=مجلة كراسي}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=8 August 2019|title=الهيئة العامة للإعلام والثقافة تعتزم إطلاق 4 جوائز إبداعية|url=https://www.afrigatenews.net/article/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%85-%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82-4-%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2-%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112060940/https://www.afrigatenews.net/article/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%85-%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82-4-%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2-%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/|archivedate=12 November 2021|accessdate=23 January 2021|work=بوابة إفريقيا الإخبارية}}</ref> Ọ duziri ma mepụta ihe nkiri isii na mmemme telivishọn asaa, o nyere aka n'ịmepụta ụfọdụ ngalaba nke telivisheneng Libya, ma kwado ihe ngosi iri isii na mpaghara na mba ofesi. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi nke ọmụmụ abụọ na Mahadum Garyounis . Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ bụ onye otu ọtụtụ klọb, òtù na òtù.<ref name="arabworldbooks">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=فتحي العريبي|url=https://www.arabworldbooks.com/public/authors/fathi-elareibi|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=22 January 2021|work=منتديات الكتاب العربي}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Uraybi gụrụ ọtụtụ ọmụmụ na ngalaba nke ime ihe nkiri na ide ihe. Ọ mụtara banyere ihe nkiri na nhazi na Arri Academy na 1969 na Germany, ide ihe nkiri na iduzi na Visnews na 1978 na [[London]], na ide ihe nkiri n'Arab Center for Radio and Television Training na 1988 na Damascus. Ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ikpeazụ a kụziiri ya kwanyere ya ugwu maka ọrụ ya pụrụ iche. Nke mbụ, Visnews họpụtara ya na mbụ maka ihe nkiri ya, "Life in Wax," nke bụ maka ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na London, Madame Tussauds. Nke abụọ, ọ nwetara asambodo ekele na ọdịiche maka ide ihe nkiri "The Red Flower," nke bụ ihe nkiri banyere nwata nwoke na-enye ndị mmadụ ọrụ nhicha akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya. == Ọrụ == '''Foto na Cinematography''': N'afọ ndị mbụ ya, Uraybi rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Al-Haqiqa Benghazi, nke o mere afọ anọ, ya bụ, site na 1964 ruo 1968, na mgbe ahụ maka magazin Al-Haditha na obodo Tripoli. Mgbe ahụ, ọ gbanwere gaa n'ọrụ nke ihe nkiri, ebe ọ bụ ọkachamara na mmepụta nke akụkọ akụkọ na ihe nkiri, ma jee ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya Illustration Magazine nke Libya, nke Ngalaba mgbasa ozi na ọdịbendị nke Ministry of Information na Libya wepụtara. Ọzọkwa, ndị na-ahụ maka telivishọn Libya nyere Uraybi ọrụ iji guzobe ngalaba ihe nkiri ya na ụlọ nyocha teknụzụ. Na mgbakwunye, Uraybi haziri ihe karịrị ihe ngosiputa ịrị isii yana ihe ngosi n'ime Libya na mba ofesi. Ọ bụ ole na ole n'ime ihe ngosi ndị a mere n'obodo ndị Arab, dị ka Damascus, Baghdad, Alexandria, Cairo na Tunis, ebe ndị ọzọ nọ n'obodo mba ọzọ, nke gụnyere Athens, Rome, Valletta, Paris, London na Leicester. E mere ihe ngosi mbụ ya na Benghazi 1965, nke so n'ihe omume ndị ọzọ nke Annajma Football Club haziri. Ọtụtụ n'ime onyinye ya n'ọhịa gụnyere iduzi usoro ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi. '''Nkụzi pụrụ iche''': Uraybi, kwa, ọkachamara n'agụmakwụkwọ. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Garyounis, ebe ọ kụziri "Nkwadebe maka mmemme redio na telivishọn" n'afọ 1985, na "''Foto''" n'ọnwa 1997. '''Nka''': Mgbe ọ nọsịrị ọtụtụ afọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nọrọ onwe ya, Uraybi kpebiri itinye oge ya n'ịhazi ihe ndekọ foto ya ma na-achụso ọrụ ya n'onwe ya n'ọrụ nka na foto. O mepụtara mkpuchi akwụkwọ, ma jiri kọmputa ya mee ihe iji dabere na ihe osise na ụlọ ọrụ nka ya, nke ọ kpọrọ "Piegonz Nest" n'afọ 1975. O sonyere na mmemme ọdịnala ndị ọzọ, nke gụnyere ihe ndị a: * Oghere dị n'ọrụ nke Visual Arts na Arabic Culture kwa ọnwa, Benghazi. * "''Zawiya'': The Literature of Visual Arts na magazin kwa ọnwa, Tripoli. * Ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka ngalaba ọdịbendị na nka nke akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị, Tripoli. * A na-ebipụta foto ya kwa izu na peeji ikpeazụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị, Tripoli. * O bipụtara foto ya na edemede ya n'ọtụtụ magazin, gụnyere Al-Bayt, Al-Mirayah na akwụkwọ akụkọ, gụnyere Al'Fatih, Al-Akhdar, Al-Majaal.Ọdịdị * O dere edemede teknụzụ na edemede ndị ọzọ gbasara nka anya maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Al-Akhbar Al-Adab, Cairo, na magazin Al-Taswir, Beirut. Ọ so n'ọtụtụ otu, ndị enyi na klọb, nke, o kwenyere, na o nweghị mmetụta dị mma na ọrụ edemede na nka ya. O so n'òtù ndị a: * Njikọ nke ndị edemede Libya, Benghazi * General Association of Journalists, Benghazi * General Association of Libyan Artists, Benghazi * General Union of Photographers, Painters and Calligraphers, Benghazi * The Camera Club, London * Malta Photographic Society, Valletta * Damascus Photography Club, Damascus * Òtù Iraqi maka Foto, Baghdad * Ụlọ ọrụ Camclub Alexandria, Alexandria * Egypt Salon of Photography, Cairo == Ọrụ == Uraybi bipụtara akwụkwọ na mpaghara foto na ihe nkiri, nke gụnyere: * ''Naanị ndị na-ege'' ntị (aha mbụ: Al-Mutafarij Al-Wahid), magazin Jeel Wa-Risalah, Benghazi, 1975, na magazin Al-Kashfiyah, Benghazi. * "A Guide to the Art of Photography and Visual Art" (aha mbụ: Al-Dalil Ila Fan Al-Surah Wa-Al-Tashkil), Dar Al-Jamahiriya publishing house, Misurata, 1998. * "A Guide to Photography Equipment" (aha mbụ: Dalil Aghizit Al-Taswir Al-Dawńi), ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Dar Al-Jamahiriya, Misurata, 1998. * "The History of Photojournalism on the Battlefield" (aha mbụ: Tarikh Al-Taswir Al-Sahafi Fi Sahaat Al-Qital), ụlọ mbipụta Dar Al-Jamahiriya, Misurata, 1998. * "Anya nke Atọ: Ụzọ na Ụzọ site n'aka ndị na-ese foto a ma ama n'ọhịa nke foto (aha mbụ: Al-Ayn Al-Talita: Asalib W-Manahij Fi Al-Taswir Al-Dawī Ind-a Ash-har Al-Musawirin Fi-l 化Alam), GBC Libya, Benghazi, 2006. * "A Simple Guide to Photography using a Digital Camera" (aha mbụ: Al-Dalil Al-Muyasar Lil-Taswir Bil-Kamira Al-Raqamiya), Public Cultural Organization, Tripoli, 2010. * "The Second Dimension of the Conflict" (aha mbụ: Al-Bońd Al-Tani Lil-Qadiyah), General Establishment for Publishing, Distribution and Advertising, Tripoli, 1984. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwu maka esemokwu [[Israel]] na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke.<ref name="arabworldbooks" /> === Ihe odide ndị a na-ebipụtaghị === * "Hadil, White Dove: An Analytic and Literary Study (aha mbụ: Hadil Al-Hamamah Al-Bayda: Dirasa Adabiyah W-Tashkiliya) * The Sound of the Wind: Creative Arab Women (aha mbụ: Sawt Al-Rih Nisa Arabiyayat Mubdizat) * ''Ihe oyiyi nke nnwere onwe'': A Documentary Study (aha mbụ: Timthal Al-Huriyah Dirasah Tasgiliya Hawl-a Haza Al-Timthal) * Others na I: Akụkọ ndụ nke Fathi Uraybi (aha mbụ: Al-Akharun W-Ana Sirah Zatiya Lil-Fanaan) * ''Ebe'' ndị a na-ahụ anya: Ihe ndị a na ya na-agụ n'asụsụ Visual Art, akwụkwọ Al-Koan Bookshop.<ref>{{Cite web|author=العمامي|first=خديجة|date=14 October 2020|title=صدور كتاب "فضاءات تشكيلية" للفنان الراحل فتحي العريبي|url=http://alwasat.ly/news/art-culture/298267|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=22 January 2021|work=بوابة الوسط}}</ref> * "The Nation of Women: Creative Arab Women in the Fields of Literature and Art (aha mbụ: Dawlat Al-Nisa: Mubdińat Arabiyat Fil-Adab W-Al-Fan).<ref name="kraassi"/> * Akwụkwọ bụ́ S. Fairouz: Akụkọ ndụ dị mkpirikpi na nhọrọ dị iche iche nke abụ ya na ihe osise ya (aha mbụ: Al-Sayidah Fairouz): Lamahat Min Sirataha Al Faniyah Wa-Mukhtarat Min Aghaniha Wa-Suwaraha Al-Nadirah).<ref name="kraassi" /> * Áin na Abụ nke Umm Kulthumá (aha mbụ: Al-Áin Fi Oghniyit Al Sayidah Umm Kulshum). Akwụkwọ ahụ depụtara okwu abụ nke onye na-agụ egwu Ijipt, Umm Kulthum, bụrụ banyere mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Arabic, Ayin, ma na-ezo aka na ndị na-ede egwu na ndị na'ede egwu.<ref name="kraassi" /> == Ndekọ Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === * "Just Dreams" (aha mbụ: Mujarad Ahlam) (1971) * Nkọwa nke elekere (aha mbụ: Daqat Al-Saʹa) (1972) * Al-Atfal Atfal (1972) * Al-Khaliyah W-Al-Asal (1973) * Nlaghachi na Bisan (aha mbụ: Al-Awda Ila Bisan) (1974) * Al-Muhadara (1975) === Ihe omume telivishọn === * Akụkọ ihe mere eme (1970) * Akụkọ ihe mere eme (1971) * ''Abụ nke Ndụ'' (aha mbụ: Aghani Al-Hayah) mmemme egwu (1973) * Akụkụ dị iche iche (1974) * Arfin W-Mish Arfin) mmemme ụmụaka (1975) * Akara Mmiri Ozuzo (aha mbụ: Qus Qazah) mmemme ọdịbendị (1985) * Ihe omuma omenala (1987) === Mgbasa ozi === * Ihe ndekọ teepụ nke nkeji iri atọ na-ewepụta ihe omume 150 kwa izu, 1981-1985. * Obesị Dimensions (aha mbụ: Abisad Tashkiliya) nke Nabil Uraybi duziri ma na-ewepụta kwa ụbọchị maka nkeji iri na ise, LJB Benghazi Radio, 1997. == Ihe nrite == * E nyere ya onyinye maka mmepụta foto kachasị mma site na magazin Fan Al-Taswir, Beirut, 1986. * A họpụtara ya maka onyinye ọla edo maka ịkọwa isiokwu nke Childhood na Arab Image Exhibition, Baghdad, 1990. * A họpụtara ya maka Al-Fateh Al-Azim Appreciation Award for Arts and Literature maka ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ ya na nka nke foto, 1999. * General Press Authority nyere ya asambodo nsọpụrụ na ọta maka ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ ya n'ọhịa nke akwụkwọ akụkọ, 2010. Ụtụ a bụ nke mbụ n'ụdị ya n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Libya.<ref name="arabworldbooks"/> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Uraybi, Fathi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] b82meeerfhvj3b7u6nnk5snw7p783tu 0 16070 692551 93277 2026-07-30T09:46:43Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatima Zahra Bennacer''' (Arabic : فاطمة الزهراء بناصر; a mụrụ n'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1981), bụ onye Morocco na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ malitere ọrụ nka ya n'afọ 1997 ma rụọ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ mmepụta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.menara.ma/fr/actualit%C3%A9s/maroc/2014/02/12/1021124-fatima-zahra-bennacer-%C3%AAtre-une-star-ne-me-s%C3%A9duit-pas.html|title=Fatima Zahra Bennacer: "être une star ne me séduit pas"|work=Menara.ma|accessdate=2018-11-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama maka ọrụ ya na usoro TV "An hour in hell" dịka Sophia, na ọrụ ya dịka nwa agbọghọ nnupụisi na usoro Ramadan TV ''Akba Lik'' . == Ihe nkiri == * 2014 : ''Nhazi'' * 2015 : ''Enweghị ezinụlọ'' * 2015 : Hmimou * 2018 : Mgbaghara == Ndekọ Egwu == * (<abbr>ar</abbr>) Hamam lkhla (حمام لخلا) * (<abbr>ar</abbr>) Goliya (قوليا) * (<abbr>ar</abbr>) Kif nessma (كيف نسمة) * (<abbr>ar</abbr>) Liyam (ليام) * (<abbr>ar</abbr>) baa m3aya (بقا معيا) * (<abbr>ar</abbr>) zahwiya (زاهوية) * (<abbr>ar</abbr>) Maktouaa mn chajra (مقطوع من): == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bennacer, Fatima Zahra}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qg3qulk95qtnz4r7n69k83b7lduz9ez 0 16147 692309 90914 2026-07-29T19:00:51Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}    [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Férid Boughedir''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1944) bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri na onye odee ihe nkiri nke Tunisia. == Ọrụ == Boughedir eduziwo ihe nkiri ise kemgbe afọ 1983. E gosipụtara ihe nkiri ya Caméra d'Afrique na 1983 Cannes Film Festival.<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/1547/year/1983.html|title=Festival de Cannes: Twenty Years of African Cinema|accessdate=19 June 2009|work=festival-cannes.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001090108/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/1547/year/1983.html|archivedate=1 October 2012}}</ref> N'afọ 1996, e tinyere ihe nkiri ya Un été à La Goulette n'ime 46th Berlin International Film Festival.<ref name="Berlinale">{{Cite web|url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1996/02_programm_1996/02_Programm_1996.html|title=Berlinale: 1996 Programme|accessdate=1 January 2012|work=berlinale.de}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ bụ onye otu ndị ọka ikpe na 47th Berlin International Film Festival.<ref name="Berlinale 1997">{{Cite web|url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1997/04_jury_1997/04_Jury_1997.html|title=Berlinale: 1997 Juries|accessdate=7 January 2012|work=berlinale.de}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == * ''Igwefoto Africa'' (1983) * ''Igwefoto'' Arab (1987) * Halfaouine Child of the Terraces (1990) * ''Otu oge'' okpomọkụ na La Goulette (1996) * Villa Jasmin (2008) == Edensibịa== {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|0099276|Férid Boughedir}} * (in French) [http://www.lesgensducinema.com/affiche_acteur.php?mots=F%E9rid+Boughedir&nom_acteur=BOUGHEDIR%20F%E9rid&ident=6570&debut=0&record=0&from=ok Les gens du cinéma] * (in French) [http://www.clapnoir.org/spip.php?article219&var_recherche=boughedir Interview with the director] by Giuseppe Sedia at ''Clapnoir.org'' - 27 May 2008. * Media related to Férid Boughedir at Wikimedia Commons {{DEFAULTSORT:Boughedir, Férid}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rj93nerkq4zkofxcusxl23ntmbsl30k 0 16251 692568 123521 2026-07-30T10:09:46Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Faustina Ampah nwere FIFA World Cup mbụ ya na 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup nke Japan kwadoro na 2012. Egwuregwu izizi ya bụ megide United States nke mechiri 4:0 na ihu ọma nke [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fifa|title=Faustina AMPAH|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=267990/match=300251255/report.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809085556/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=267990/match=300251255/report.html|archivedate=August 9, 2014|work=Fifa|publisher=Fifa|accessdate=7 September 2017}}</ref> Faustina Ampah sokwa na 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup na 2016 FIFA U-20 women's World cup na-eme ka ọ bụrụ naanị onye Ghana na-anọchite anya mba ahụ na FIFA U-20 World Cup atọ. [[Usòrò:Faustina_Ampah_2018_WAFU_.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Faustina Ampah meriri 2018 WAFU Women's Cup na Ghana's National Women's Football Team]] Egwuregwu asọmpi mbụ Ampah maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Ghana bụ 2018 WAFU Women's Cup . Ọ gbara bọọlụ n'egwuregwu ise niile nke asọmpi ahụ nyere Black Queens aka inweta ọkwa mbụ. O meriri ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Naịjirịa<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ocsportsnews.com/national-teams/2018-02-25-ghana-emerge-as-winners-of-wafu-b-with-a-10-win-against-ivory-coast |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2022-06-20 |archivedate=2018-03-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314043152/https://www.ocsportsnews.com/national-teams/2018-02-25-ghana-emerge-as-winners-of-wafu-b-with-a-10-win-against-ivory-coast }}</ref>. Ọ meriri onye ọkpụkpọ nke egwuregwu ahụ n'egwuregwu ahụ. == Nsọpụrụ == === klọb === '''FC Minsk''' * Super Cup ụmụ nwanyị Belarus 2017 Onye na-esote * Belarusian Premier League (ụmụ nwanyị) 2017 Ndị mmeri * Ndị mmeri nke iko ụmụ nwanyị Belarus 2017 * Belarusian Premier League (ụmụ nwanyị) Super Cup 2018 - Ndị mmeri === Ndị otu mba === '''Ghana Women's National Football Team''' * 2018 WAFU Women's Cup Champions == Ihe odide == <references /> {{Reflist}} * [http://spicefmonline.com/faustina-ampah-and-ernestina-abambila-ghanaians-in-uwcl-r32/ Faustina Ampah na Ernestina Abambila ndị Ghana na UWCL R32 173] == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ampah, Faustina}} * Faustina Ampah – FIFA competition record (archived) * Faustina Ampah at Soccerway * [http://spicefmonline.com/faustina-ampah-and-ernestina-abambila-ghanaians-in-uwcl-r32/ spicefmonline.com] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rnudoul0339m8xqmaagtcoi6hvilayq 0 16273 692408 93187 2026-07-29T23:17:00Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fati Mohammed''' (amụrụ ya na abalị anọ, na onwa nke isii, na afọ 1979) bụ onye Ghana na-agba bọọlụ mba ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị na-agba dịka onye na-edebe goolu. Ọ bụ onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Ghana. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu na 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup na 2007 FIFA Women'S World Cup. Na klọb ọ na-egwuri egwu maka Robert Morris College na United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/fwwc%5f2007%5fplayers%5f19147.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014165606/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/fwwc_2007_players_19147.pdf|archivedate=October 14, 2012|title=List of Players|accessdate=2007-09-28|publisher=[[FIFA]]|year=2007|work=FIFA Women's World Cup China 2007}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mohammed, Fati}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ip4e15mv0twx2y3nvwk58ic2w0zqe60 0 16417 692597 155695 2026-07-30T11:27:39Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{MedalTableTop|sport=Women's [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]]|country_code=KEN|medals={{Medal|Competition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}} {{Medal|Gold |[[2014 Commonwealth Games|2014 Glasgow]]|[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's marathon|Marathon]]}}}} '''Flomena Cheyech Daniel''' (amụrụ na Julaị 5, 1982 na West Pokot, Kenya) bụ onye Kenya na-eme egwuregwu nke na-asọ mpi na ọsọ ọsọ ogologo na marathon. O setịpụrụ ihe kachasị mma ya nke 2:22:44 na-emeri na 2014 Paris Marathon ma bụrụ onye nwetara ọla edo na 2014 Commonwealth Games. Ọ nọchitere anya Kenya na 1999 IAAF Junior World Cross Country Championships na Dublin, Ireland na 2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships. Ọ nọ na Japan n'etiti afọ 2007 na 2010, na-agba ọsọ maka otu ụlọ ọrụ Uniqlo, ọ bụkwa onye mmeri ugboro abụọ nke Japanese Corporate Half Marathon. O nwetakwala mmeri na marathons na Vienna na Toronto. == Ọrụ == Mbido mba ụwa nke Daniel bịara dị ka onye na-eto eto na 1999 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, ebe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke iri n'otu n'otu ma nyere Kenya aka inweta ọlaọcha.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181031164917/http://results.glasgow2014.com/athlete/athletics/1025744/f_daniel.htmlFlomena Cheyech Daniel]. 2014 Commonwealth Games. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref><ref name="IAAFHonours">[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/kenya/flomena-cheyech-daniel-138189#honours Filomena Cheyech]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref> O mechara lekwasị anya n'ogologo ọsọ 10,000 mita wee melite site na 33:22.3 nkeji na 2004 ruo 33:10.5 nkeji na 2006.<ref name="IAAFProg">[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/kenya/flomena-cheyech-daniel-138189#progression Filomena Cheyech - Progression]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ gbara ọsọ marathon mbụ ya na Nairobi Marathon wee bụrụ onye nke asaa n'ime awa 2:42:31.<ref name="Tilas">[http://www.tilastopaja.org/db/atw.php?ID=56029&Season=2006&Odd=0 Filomena Cheyech]. Tilastopaja. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref> N'ịbụ onye Eric Kimaiyo zụrụ na usoro ịgba ọsọ ụlọ ọrụ Japan, o setịpụrụ ihe kachasị mma na ụzọ nke 9:16.21 nkeji maka mita 3000, 15:54.70 nkeji maka mita 5000 na 32:47.98 nkeji maka 10,000 m.<ref name="RRS">Nakamura, Ken (2008-03-17). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181031164944/http://roadracingstats.com/pipermail/arrs_roadracingstats.com/2008-March/000247.html All JPN Corporate team Half Marathon Championships]. Road Racing Stats. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref><ref name="Tilas"/> O mere nke mbụ ya n'elu ọkara marathon na 2008 All-Japan Corporate Half Marathon Championships ma bụrụ onye nke abụọ na Yukiko Akaba na oge nke 69:06 nkeji.<ref name="RRS" /> Oge ahụ mere ya nke iri na anọ n'ụwa n'afọ ahụ maka anya.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/road-running/half-marathon/outdoor/women/senior/2008 Half Marathon - women - senior - outdoor - 2008]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref> Ọ meziwanyere ihe kachasị mma ya na oge egwu ndị Japan na nkeji 15:38.83 maka 5000 m na nkeji 31:58.50 maka 10,000 m.<ref name="IAAFProg"/> Ọ laghachiri na Corporate Half Marathon na 2009 ma bụrụ onye mmeri na nkeji 68:44. Mgbe ọ gachara nke asaa na Sapporo Half Marathon, a họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchite anya Kenya na 2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships, ebe ọ bịara n'ọnọdụ nke asatọ.<ref name="IAAFHonours"/> O nwekwara ihe ịga nke ọma karịa 10,000 m n'afọ ahụ, merie na Hyogo Relays ma bịa nke atọ na Japanese Corporate Track and Field Championships.<ref name="Tilas" /> Daniel meriri n'ọkwa nke abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Japan na asọmpi ọkara marathon nke afọ 2010 ma bụrụkwa nke atọ na Sapporo n'afọ ahụ. Ọ hapụrụ oge fọdụrụnụ na 2011 niile mgbe ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ kwụsịrị ya, ọ laghachiri naanị n'etiti afọ 2012. Ọ malitere iguzobe onwe ya na marathon, merie na Porto Alegre na elekere 2:34:13 wee bụrụ onye nke abụọ na Singapore Marathon.<ref name="Tilas"/> Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na otu ọzụzụ Gianni DeMadonna na Ịtali.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181031164906/https://www.demadonna.com/abdelaziz-ennaji/9-our-athletes/164-flomena-cheyech-daniel.html Flomena Cheyech]. Demaddona. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref> Usoro mmeri n'okporo ụzọ sochiri na 2013. O meriri Roma-Ostia Half Marathon n'ime nkeji 67:39, na-akụ ihe karịrị otu nkeji nke kachasị mma ya ma bụrụ nke itoolu n'ụwa n'afọ ahụ.<ref>Sampaolo, Diego (2013-03-03). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/kiprop-and-cheyech-triumph-in-roma-ostia-half Kiprop and Cheyech triumph in Roma-Ostia Half]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref><ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/road-running/half-marathon/outdoor/women/senior/2013 Half Marathon - women - senior - outdoor - 2013]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref> Vienna Marathon gosipụtara na ọ bụ nnukwu ọganihu maka Daniel: ọ gbara ọsọ ahụ n'ime awa 2:24:34 (ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmelite nkeji iri n'afọ gara aga) wee merie asọmpi ahụ site na ihe fọrọ nke nta hiwere nkeji asaa.<ref>Wenig, Jörg (2013-04-14). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/hat-trick-wins-for-gebrselassie-and-sugut-in Hat trick wins for Sugut and Gebrselassie in Vienna]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye mmeri doro anya na Toronto Waterfront Marathon n'ọnwa Ọktoba.<ref>Gains, Paul (2013-10-20). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/records-galore-at-toronto-marathon Records galore at Toronto Marathon]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref> Nnukwu asọmpi mbụ Daniel nke afọ 2014 bụ Ras Al-Khaimah Half Marathon ma ọ bụ ezie na Priscah Jeptoo meriri ya, ọ bụ onye nke abụọ na nkeji 6813.<ref>Minshull, Phil (2014-02-14). [http://primary-elb.aws.iaaf.org/news/report/lelisa-desisa-2014-rak-half-marathon Desisa leads home a record eight men under one hour at RAK Half Marathon]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref> O gosipụtara ikike ya n'elu ogologo oge marathon n'ọnwa Eprel ahụ site na mmeri nke Paris Marathon dị elu na ihe kachasị mma nke 2:22:44 awa nke abụọ Yebrqual Meles nọ na nkeji atọ na ọkara n'azụ ya.<ref>Mulkeen, Jon (2014-04-06). [http://primary-elb.aws.iaaf.org/news/report/paris-marathon-kenenisa-bekele-debut-2014-rep Bekele breaks Paris course record with 2:05:04 on marathon debut]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchite anya Kenya na marathon maka oge mbụ na 2014 Commonwealth Games . N'asọmpi ahụ, ọ bụ onye ndu doro anya n'oge niile ma na nke ikpeazụ ọ hapụrụ onye obodo ya Caroline Kilel iji merie ihe nrite ọla edo nke mbụ n'ọrụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 32.<ref>Broadbent, Chris (2014-07-27). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/commonwealth-games-ndiku-shelley-glasgow-2014 Commonwealth Games begin with two gold medals for Kenya]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-07-27.</ref> == Ihe kacha mma n'onwe ya == * 3000 mita na 9:16.21 nkeji (2007) * 5000 mita na 15:19.47 nkeji (2009) * 10,000 mita 31:58.50 nkeji (2008) * 10K na-agba ọsọ 31:43 nkeji (2010) * Ọkara marathon 67:39 nkeji (2013) * Marathon Shaan 2:22:44 nkeji (2014) == Ihe ndekọ asọmpi mba ụwa == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- |rowspan=2|1999 |rowspan=2|[[1999 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|IAAF World Cross Country Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Belfast]], United Kingdom |10th |[[1999 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior women's race|Junior race]] | |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Junior team | |- |2009 |[[2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships|IAAF World Half Marathon Championships]] |[[Birmingham]], United Kingdom |8th |Half marathon | |- |2014 |[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] |[[Glasgow]], United Kingdom |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's marathon|Marathon]] | |} == Ihe odide == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Flomena Cheyech Daniel at World Athletics {{DEFAULTSORT:Cheyech Daniel, Flomena}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ro7jp6gpfnbylhl94bnimrysjgmtedv 0 16473 692497 689525 2026-07-30T09:03:17Z Anastesia chi 23720 Added default sort 692497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  '''Gabrielle Aboudi Onguéné''' (onye amụrụ n'abalị̀ iri abụọ na ise nke onwa Febụwarị afọ 1989) bụ onye Cameroon na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbara otu CSKA Moscow bọọlụ ugbu a na Russian Championship na otu mba [[Kameroon|Cameroon]].<ref name="sw_stats">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190705233254/https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/gabrielle-onguene/253460/ Profile] at soccerway</ref> Ọ na agba boolụ nye Rossiyanka n'oge gara aga.<ref name="allafrica-111716">{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201611210208.html|title=Cameroon: Gabrielle Aboudi Onguéné – From Men's To Women's Football|author=Hilton Ndukong|first=Kimeng|date=17 November 2016|work=All Africa|accessdate=15 June 2019}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ ya na Douala, Aboudi Onguéné ọ malitere iso ụmụ nwoke nọ n'ógbè ya na-agba bọọlụ mgbe ọ bụ nwata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fecafoot-officiel.com/aboudi-onguene-the-epitome-of-dribbles/|title=Aboudi Onguene, the epitome of dribbles|date=2019-06-08|work=Fédération Camerounaise de Football|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2019-06-15|archivedate=2019-07-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705234454/https://fecafoot-officiel.com/aboudi-onguene-the-epitome-of-dribbles/}}</ref><ref name="allafrica-111716"/> A hụrụ ya ma tibanye ya ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ nye klọb ụmụ nwanyị, bu Ngondi Nkam Yabassi.<ref name="FIFA-061515">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/onguene-there-s-no-room-for-error-2648965|title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ - News - Onguene: There's no room for error - FIFA.com|author=FIFA.com|work=www.fifa.com|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-06-15}}</ref><ref name="icc-061218">{{Cite web|url=https://icicameroun.com/2018/06/nos-gens/la-saga-aboudi-onguene-continue-de-secrire/|title=La saga Aboudi Onguéné continue de s'écrire|author=Minkoo|first=Thierry|date=2018-06-12|work=ICI Cameroun|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2019-06-15|archivedate=2019-07-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705234455/https://icicameroun.com/2018/06/nos-gens/la-saga-aboudi-onguene-continue-de-secrire/}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-agba boolụ na asọmpi maka klọb ahụ, Canon Yaoundé hụrụ ya wee malite isonye otu ahụ agba egwuregwu nye otu ahụ n'afọ 2005.<ref name="FIFA-061515" /> == Ọrụ ịgba boolụ == === Klọb === ==== Loves Minproff nke wolf Minproff nke Yaoundé, 2009-12 ==== Aboudi Onguéné gbara bọọlụ nye Louves Minproff na Cameroonian league nke ogo kachasị elu ma nyere ndị otu ahụ aka imeri asọmpi mba na afo 2009, 2010, na 2011.<ref name="icc-061218"/> ==== Rọshịa, 2015-16 ==== Aboudi Onguéné bịanyere aka na Rossiyanka na asọmpi kachasị elu nke Russia maka oge afọ 2015. Goolu isii ọ gbara n'egwuregwu iri bụ nke atọ na league ma nyere ndị otu ahụ aka írute n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ.<ref name="sw_stats"/> N'oge afọ 2016, ọ nyere goolu isii n'egwuregwu iri na atọ nke nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka ịmecha nke mbụ na league na ndekọ iri na otu.<ref name="sw_stats" /> ==== CSKA Moscow, 2017 ==== Aboudi Onguéné bịanyere aka na CSKA Moscow tupu agbata nke afọ 2017. Goolu iteghete ya n'egwuregwu iteghete ya bụ nke abụọ kachasị elu na league.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.women.soccerway.com/national/russia/supreme-division/2017/regular-season/r39055/|title=Summary – Supreme Division Women – Russia – Results, fixtures, tables and news – Women Soccerway|work=www.women.soccerway.com|accessdate=2019-06-15}}</ref> Ndị otu ahụ mechiri n'ọnọdụ nke anọ na ndekọ iteghete-ano-otu.<ref name="sw_stats"/> N'oge afọ 2018, ọ gbara goolu atọ n'egwuregwu ngosi iri na atọ.<ref name="sw_stats" /> Aboudi Onguéné nyere goolu mbụ ya n'afọ 2019 megide otu egwuregwu Zvezda Perm n'abali iteghete nke ọnwa Mee nyere ndị otu ahụ aka imeri inweta mmeri atọ na asataghị̀ otu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/aboudi-onguene-scores-first-goal-of-the-season-as-cska/opccjokrbkbc1pswzvg5xagi5|title=Aboudi Onguene scores first goal of the season as CSKA Moscow pip Zvezda Perm {{!}} Goal.com|author=Correspondent|work=www.goal.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-15}}</ref> === Nke Mba ụwa === Aboudi Onguéné nọchitere anya Cameroon na otu egwuregwu mba Cameroon kemgbe afọ 2008 mgbe enyochara ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise.<ref name="goal-122718">{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/cameroons-gabrielle-onguene-why-i-quit-school-to-focus-on/tmjhpe7dlr1p10uaaavlledwq|title=Cameroon's Gabrielle Onguene: Why I quit school to focus on football {{!}} Goal.com|author=Correspondent|work=www.goal.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-15}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, o nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka inweta ọla edo na All-Africa Games na Mozambique. N'oge ọkara ikpeazụ megide South Africa, ọ nyere goolu mmeri egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.co.za/Soccer/Banyana-humbled-by-Cameroon-20110913|title=Cameroon humble Banyana|date=2011-09-13|work=News24|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-15}}</ref> [[Usòrò:AboudiOnguene8.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Aboudi Onguene, Disemba 2016]] Aboudi Onguéné sonyere na 2012 [[London]] Olympics ma nye naanị otu goolu otu ahụ asọmpi ahụ. Na 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup na Canada, ọ nyere goolu na nweta mmeri nke otu ahụ meriri Switzerland ma akpọrọ ya Player of the Match.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jun/17/cameroon-switzerland-japan-womens-world-cup|title=Cameroon edge Switzerland to reach knockout phase of Women's World Cup|author=Reuters|date=2015-06-16|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2019-06-15|language=en-GB}}</ref> A họpụtara ya dịka onye egwuregwu kachasị mma na 2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://crtv.cm/fr/latest-news/special-report-12/2016-women-afcon-gabrielle-aboudi-onguene-voted-best-player-of-the-competition-18361.htm|title=- CrTV|work=crtv.cm|accessdate=2016-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230001456/http://crtv.cm/fr/latest-news/special-report-12/2016-women-afcon-gabrielle-aboudi-onguene-voted-best-player-of-the-competition-18361.htm|archivedate=2016-12-30}}</ref> {{As of|2018}} N'afọ 2018,emere nhoputa nke Aboudi Onguéné dika[[Ọkacha bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka|African Women's Footballer of the Year]]<nowiki/>nke ugboro anọ ya .<ref name="goal-122718"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.safa.net/2018/01/06/egyptian-mo-salah-wins-big-2017-caf-awards/|title=Here are all the winners of the 2017 CAF Awards|date=2018-01-06|work=SAFA|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-15|archivedate=2021-06-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608124817/https://www.safa.net/2018/01/06/egyptian-mo-salah-wins-big-2017-caf-awards/}}</ref> Na 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup na [[France]], Aboudi Onguéné nyere goolu ngafe megide [[Netherlands]] n'oge egwuregwu nke abụọ nke otu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://au.eurosport.com/football/women-s-world-cup/2019/live-netherlands-cameroon_mtc1086029/live.shtml|title=LIVE Netherlands (W) – Cameroon (W) – Women's World Cup – 15 June 2019|date=2019-06-15|work=Eurosport Australia|accessdate=2019-06-15}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == ; Nke onwe onye * IFFHS CAF Women Team nke Afọ Iri 2011 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925|title=IFFHS WOMAN TEAM - CAF - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020|work=IFFHS|date=28 January 2021|accessdate=21 June 2022|archivedate=2 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402080022/https://iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Gabrielle Onguéné – FIFA competition record (archived) * [https://www.olympic.org/gabrielle-aboudi-onguene Profaịlụ onye] egwuregwu na Olympic Games * Gabrielle Onguéné at Soccerway {{DEFAULTSORT:Onguéné, Gabrielle}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 6vi770o7t1fzho0nrnet710fowe2ia7 0 16620 692542 93309 2026-07-30T09:41:03Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatou Tiyana''' (amụrụ na Febụwarị 24, 1987) bụ onye na-eme egwuregwu ọsọ ọsọ nke na-asọmpi mba ụwa maka otu egwuregwu Olympic nke [[The Gambia|Gambia]].<ref name="beijing">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080908211904/http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/BIO/Athlete/0/225820.shtml Athlete biography: Fatou Tiyana], beijing2008.cn, ret: Aug 27, 2008</ref> Tiyana nọchitere anya Gambia na 2008 Summer Olympics na Beijing. O meriri na 100 mita sprint wee bụrụ onye nke asaa na okpomọkụ ya n'agaghị aga n'ihu na agba nke abụọ. Ọ gbara ọsọ ahụ n'ime oge nke 12.25 sekọnd.<ref name="beijing">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080908211904/http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/BIO/Athlete/0/225820.shtml Athlete biography: Fatou Tiyana], beijing2008.cn, ret: Aug 27, 2008</ref> == Ihe odide == <references /> {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tiyana, Fatou}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Fatou Tiyana at World Athletics [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7y9xo0c2xy6y8th9wuu7a8dg1m1zct5 0 16918 692487 93224 2026-07-30T08:54:30Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{MedalTableTop}} {{MedalCountry|{{MAR}}}} {{MedalSport|Women's [[Tennis]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Mediterranean Games]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[Tennis at the 2009 Mediterranean Games|2009 Pescara]]|Women's Doubles}} {{MedalBottom}} '''Fatima-Zahra El Allami''' (amụrụ na 26 na ọnwa Machị na afọ 1989 na Meknes) bụ onye Moroccan bụbu onye na-eme egwuregwu tennis. == Ọrụ tenis == N'ọrụ ya, El Allami meriri utu aha atọ na utu aha abụọ iri na abụọ na ITF Circuit. N'abalị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2010, ọ ruru ọkwa kachasị elu n'ụwa nke 433. N'ọnwa Julaị, afọ 2009, ọ rutere n'ọkwa nke 420 na ọkwa abụọ nke WTA. E nyela ya kaadị maka Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem kwa afọ kemgbe afọ 2007, mana ọ dịghị mgbe ọ gafere agba nke mbụ. Na-egwuri egwu maka Morocco na Fed Cup kemgbe afọ 2008, El Allami nwere ihe ndekọ mmeri nke 1911. == ITF Circuit finals == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;" width="15%" |Egwuregwu $ 100,000 |- bgcolor="#F7E98E" |Egwuregwu $ 75,000 |- bgcolor="#ADDFAD" |Egwuregwu $ 50,000 |- bgcolor="lightblue" |Egwuregwu $ 25,000 |- bgcolor="#f0f8ff" |Egwuregwu $ 10,000 |} === Ndị na-alụbeghị di: 8 === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:97%" !Ihe si na ya pụta !Mba. !Ụbọchị !Egwuregwu !Elu ya !Onye mmegide !Ihe ndị a tụrụ |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |1. |27 Ọgọstụ 2008 |La Marsa, Tunisia |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |Davinia Lobbinger |__ibo____ibo____ibo__ N'ihi na ọ bụ n'ihi na a na-akpọ ya n'ihi |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Onye nke abụọ |1. |6 Ọktoba 2008 |Espinho, Portugal |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Kateřina Vaňková]] |N'ihi ya, n'ihi ya |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |2. |21 Septemba 2009 |Espinho, Portugal |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Ọrịa cancer Elixane|Elixane Lechemia]] |6 na-esote 2 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Onye nke abụọ |2. |17 Julaị 2010 |Casablanca, Morocco |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |Martina Balogová |__ibo____ibo__ N'ikwu okwu n'ikwu ihe n'ikuku |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |3. |26 Septemba 2010 |Algiers, Algeria |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |Zuzana Linhová |6 na-esote 4 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Onye nke abụọ |3. |3 Ọktoba 2010 |Algiers, Algeria |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Marcella Koek]] |N'ihi ya, n'ihi ya |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Onye nke abụọ |4. |10 Ọktoba 2010 |Algiers, Algeria |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Silvia Njirić]] |6 na 3 na 6 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Onye nke abụọ |5. |16 Julaị 2011 |Tanger, Morocco |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Ximena Hermoso]] |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |} === Abụọ: 18 (126) === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:97%;" !Ihe si na ya pụta !Mba. !Ụbọchị !Egwuregwu !Elu ya !Onye mmekọ !Ndị na-emegide ya !Ihe ndị a tụrụ |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |1. |23 Machị 2008 |Ain Sukhna, Ijipt |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Fatma Al-Nabhani]] |Yelyzaveta Rybakova <br /><br /><br /><br /> Nadège Vergos |64, 6 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Onye nke abụọ |1. |5 Mee 2008 |Vic, Spain |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Anna Movsisyan]] |[[Lisa Sabino]] <br /><br /><br /><br /> Benedetta Davato |N'ihi ya, n'ihi ya |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |2. |28 Julaị 2008 |Rabat, Morocco |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |Lisa Sabino |[[Sofia Kvatsabaia]] <br /><br /><br /><br /> [[Avgusta Tsybysheva]] |60, 6 na-esote |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |3. |11 Ọgọstụ 2008 |Koksijde, Belgium |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |Hayley Ericksen |Josanne van Bennekom <br /><br /><br /><br /> Nadege Vergos |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |4. |25 Ọgọstụ 2008 |La Marsa, Tunisia |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Lina Bennani]] |Davinia Lobbinger <br /><br /><br /><br /> Mika Urbančič |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |5. |6 Ọktoba 2008 |Espinho, Portugal |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Catarina Ferreira]] |Lina Bennani <br /><br /><br /><br /> Veronika Domagala |6 na-esote 3 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Onye nke abụọ |2. |13 Ọktoba 2008 |Lisbon, Portugal |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |Catarina Ferreira |Lina Bennani <br /><br /><br /><br /> Veronika Domagala |17 N'ime afọ, 6 n'ime afọ,[91] |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |6. |20 Ọktoba 2008 |Vila Real de Santo António, Portugal |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Nadia Lalami]] |Raffaella Bindi <br /><br /><br /><br /> Claire Lablans |64, 6 na-esote |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |7. |11 Febụwarị 2009 |Mallorca, Spain |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Rebeca Bou Nogueiro]] |[[Lucía Sainz]] <br /><br /><br /><br /> [[Leticia Costas]] |64, 6 na 1 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |8. |2 Machị 2009 |Giza, Ijipt |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Oksana Kalashnikova]] |[[Marlot Meddens]] <br /><br /><br /><br /> [[Bibiane Weijers]] |64, 6 na-esote |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |9. |27 Julaị 2009 |Rabat, Morocco |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |Lisa Sabino |Natasha Bredl <br /><br /><br /><br /> Stephanie Hirsch |75, 6 na 1 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Onye nke abụọ |3. |10 Ọktoba 2009 |Antalya, Turkey |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Magali nke Lattre|Magali de Lattre]] |[[Mihaela Buzărnescu]] <br /><br /><br /><br /> [[Kateřina Vaňková]] |16, 1 na-esote 6 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Onye nke abụọ |4. |1 Febụwarị 2010 |Mallorca, Spain |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |Nadia Lalami |[[Viktoria Kamenskaya]] <br /><br /><br /><br /> Daria Kuchmina |Akụkụ nke asaa, Akụkụ nke isii |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Onye nke abụọ |5. |28 Ọgọst 2010 |Fleurus, Belgium |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |Gally De Wael |[[Diana Buzean]] <br /><br /><br /><br /> [[Alizé Lim]] |N'ihi ya, n'ihi ya |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |10. |{{Érèkọbalà|2 October 2010}} |Algiers, Algeria |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Marcella Koek]] |Khristina Kazimova <br /><br /><br /><br /> Nadia Lalami |60, 6 na 1 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |11. |9 Ọktoba 2010 |Algiers, Algeria |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |Marcella Koek |Sophie Cornerotte <br /><br /><br /><br /> Jennifer Migan |64, 6 na-esote |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Onye mmeri |12. |15 Julaị 2011 |Tanger, Morocco |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |[[Anna Morgina]] |Anna Agamennone <br /><br /><br /><br /> Linda Mair |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Onye nke abụọ |6. |5 Eprel 2012 |Algiers, Algeria |Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ |Costanza Mecchi |Alexandra Romanova <br /><br /><br /><br /> Alina Wessel |6 na-esote, na-esota, na-eto eto |} == Njikọ mpụga == * Fatima El Allami at the Women's Tennis Association * Fatima El Allami at the International Tennis Federation * Fatima El Allami at the Billie Jean King Cup {{DEFAULTSORT:Allami, Fatima El}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 02nhvtg5xr69qjf3jmf106llr9xdm51 0 16922 692499 539261 2026-07-30T09:07:24Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatima El-Faquir''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1954) bụ onye Morocco na-agba ọsọ, onye nkuzi, na prọfesọ egwuregwu. Ọ bụ onye Morocco mbụ na-asọ mpi na Olimpik.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://l-vis.univ-lyon1.fr/soutenance-de-these-de-fatima-el-faquir-28-septembre-2017-athletes-marocaines-1956-2016/|title=Soutenance de Thèse de Fatima El Faquir sur les athlètes marocaines|date=8 October 2017|work=L-VIS|language=fr-FR|accessdate=21 May 2019}}</ref> O sonyere na 100 mita ụmụ nwanyị na afọ 1972 Summer Olympics na Munich ma bụrụ onye mmeri Afrịka mbụ na 400m hurdles na Dakar na 1979.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Muslim Women and Sport|author=Benn|first=Tansin|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=978-0415490764|location=London}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ na-eme egwuregwu nyere Morocco aha. Ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na Moroccan National Institute of Sport . El-Faquir gụrụ Physical Exercise and Sport na Mahadum Bucharest na Romania site na afọ 1973 ruo na afo 1978 wee gaa Mahadum Montreal na Canada. Ọ lụrụ di ma zụlite ezinụlọ ya na onye nkuzi ya bụ Aziz Daouda. Ọ zụrụ ndị otu egwuregwu mba Morocco (track) ma zụọ [[Nawal El Moutawakel]] na huders na relay events.<ref name=":0" />{{Cite book|title=Muslim Women and Sport|author=Benn|first=Tansin|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=978-0415490764|location=London}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBennPfisterJawad2011">Benn, Tansin; Pfister, Gertrud; Jawad, Haifaa (2011). ''Muslim Women and Sport''. London: Routledge. [[ISBN (onye njirimara)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ihe pụrụ iche:BookSources/978-0415490764|<bdi>978-0415490764</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Ọ haziri ihe omume dị ka Pan Arab Games na Rabat, Morocco na 1985, Francophone Games na afọ 1989, Cross Country World Championship na afọ 1998, na Youth World Championships na Marrakech na afọ 2006. Ọ nwere ọkwa onye isi ala na Confederation of African Athletics, North Africa, na National Association of Women's Physical Activities and Sport.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/fr/features/awi/newsbriefs/sports/2005/09/08/newsbrief-01|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110224010803/http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/fr/features/awi/newsbriefs/sports/2005/09/08/newsbrief-01|archivedate=24 February 2011|title=La confédération africaine d'athlétisme nomme Fatima El Faquir présidente de la région Afrique du Nord|author=Magharebia.com|date=May 2005|work=archive.wikiwix.com|accessdate=21 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2003/Ancienne-athlete-Fatima-El-Faquir-a-la-tete-de-l-ANSF/24202.html|title=Le Matin - Ancienne athlète, Fatima El Faquir à la tête de l'ANSF|author=MATIN|first=LE|work=Le Matin|language=fr|accessdate=21 May 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, ọ gbachitere akwụkwọ edemede ya n'asụsụ French nke akpọrọ "Moroccan High Level Athletes: Emergence, Visibility, Erasure 1956-2016."<ref name=":1" />{{Cite web|url=http://l-vis.univ-lyon1.fr/soutenance-de-these-de-fatima-el-faquir-28-septembre-2017-athletes-marocaines-1956-2016/|title=Soutenance de Thèse de Fatima El Faquir sur les athlètes marocaines|date=8 October 2017|work=L-VIS|language=fr-FR|accessdate=21 May 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://l-vis.univ-lyon1.fr/soutenance-de-these-de-fatima-el-faquir-28-septembre-2017-athletes-marocaines-1956-2016/ "Soutenance de Thèse de Fatima El Faquir sur les athlètes marocaines"]. ''L-VIS'' (in French). 8 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> == Ihe odide == <references /> {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Faquir, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] e4g099fwtrwr9ibozu99ylidry0ywu5 0 16984 692514 539287 2026-07-30T09:20:47Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} 'Fatima Jebli Ouazzani bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri Moroccan. == Ndụ == A mụrụ ya na Meknes, Ouazzani. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara Netherlands na 1970.<ref name="Armes2018">{{Cite book|author=Roy Armes|title=Roots of the New Arab Film|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U0VVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85|year=2018|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-03173-0|pages=85–6}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ ụlọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, ma mụọ nkà mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ n'oge na-adịghị anya tupu ọ banye na Dutch Film School na Amsterdam, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ma nweta nzere na ntụziaka na edemede na 1992.<ref name="WMM">[http://www.wmm.com/filmcatalog/makers/fm407.shtml Fatima Jebli Ouazzani], ''Women Make Movies''.</ref> In My Father's House (1997) bụ ihe ngosi ogologo oge nke na-ekwu maka ọgụ Ouazzani na atụmanya nwoke na nwanyị nke ezinụlọ Morocco ya. Ihe nkiri ahụ malitere ngosi na 1998 San Francisco Film Festival, ebe ọ meriri Golden Spire Award.<ref name="WMM">[http://www.wmm.com/filmcatalog/makers/fm407.shtml Fatima Jebli Ouazzani], ''Women Make Movies''.</ref><ref name="Martin2011">{{Cite book|author=Florence Martin|title=Screens and Veils: Maghrebi Women's Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z79N4CDw0ysC&pg=PA230|year=2011|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-22341-5|pages=230–1}}</ref> O jisiri ike merie ihe nrite kachasị elu na 1998 Moroccan National Film Festival, n'agbanyeghị isiokwu ya nke pụtara na ọ nataghị nnyocha azụmahịa na Morocco, ma merie Golden Calf maka Best Long Documentary na Netherlands Film Festival na Iris Prize Best European Documentary.<ref name="Armes2018" />{{Cite book|author=Roy Armes|title=Roots of the New Arab Film|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U0VVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85|year=2018|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-03173-0|pages=85–6}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRoy_Armes2018">Roy Armes (2018). [https://books.google.com/books?id=U0VVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 ''Roots of the New Arab Film'']. Indiana University Press. pp.&nbsp;85–6. [[ISBN (onye njirimara)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ihe pụrụ iche:BookSources/978-0-253-03173-0|<bdi>978-0-253-03173-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref><ref name="Martin2011" /> == Ihe nkiri == * (dị ka osote onye nduzi) ''Het labyrint der lusten'' [Labyrinth of Lust], 1991. * (maka ịga n'ihu) (''De Tranen van Maria Matchita''), 1991 VPRO TV * (dị ka onye edemede na onye nduzi) ''Voorbij De Jaren Van Onschuld'' (Innocence Lost) akụkọ ifo 1991 * (dị ka onye edemede na onye nduzi) De Kleine Hélène (Little Hélène) akụkọ ifo 1992 AVRO TV * (dị ka onye edemede na onye nduzi) In het huis van mijn Vader [N'ụlọ Nna m], 1997 Cinema & TV * (dị ka onye edemede na onye nduzi) ''Het'' Was Weer Zondig (Sinned Again) 2001 IKON TV * (dị ka onye edemede na onye nduzi) ''Als Herinnering Een Moedervlek'' 2006 VPRO TV * (dị ka onye edemede na onye nduzi) Hier Woon Ik , Daar Leef Ik (M bi ebe a mana ụlọ m dị ebe ọzọ) 2012 NPS TV == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ouazzani, Fatima Jebli}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] d3c1n1p89oyucjegki9vcpkruecdmck 0 17107 692547 123519 2026-07-30T09:44:15Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Fatoumata_Coulibaly_2017.jpg|thumb|Fatoumata Coulibaly, 2017]] '''Fatoumata Coulibaly''' bụ onye Mali na-eme ihe nkiri, onye nduzi, onye nta akụkọ, na onye na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị megide igbu ụmụ nwanyị (FGM). == Mmalite ndụ == Fatoumata Coulibaly si n'ezinụlọ ndị na-agụ egwú, nne nne ya Bazéko Traoré bụ onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-eti egwu si mpaghara Sikasso, ebe Coulibalys si.<ref name="maliactu.net">{{Cite web|url=http://maliactu.net/mali-fatoumata-coulibaly-journaliste-a-lortm-comedienne-et-realisatrice-de-films/|title=Mali : Fatoumata Coulibaly: journaliste à l’Ortm, comédienne et réalisatrice de films|author=|date=26 March 2016|work=maliactu.net|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Coulibaly rụrụ ọrụ mbụ dịka onye nta akụkọ redio na onye mgbasa ozi na Mali, tupu o nwee echiche maka egwuregwu, wee gaa hụ onye nduzi [[Ousmane Sow]], onye tụrụ aro ka ọ gbalịa ide ya dịka edemede ihe nkiri, dịka Cheick Oumar Sissoko.<ref name="maliactu.net" /> Coulibaly bu ụzọ dọta uche mba ụwa site na ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri 1997 ''N'Golo'' dit Papa .<ref name="PallisterHottell2005">{{Cite book|author=Janis L. Pallister|title=Francophone Women Film Directors: A Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P15tyiOSRz0C&pg=PA24|accessdate=9 November 2017|year=2005|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press|isbn=978-0-8386-4046-3}}</ref> Coulibaly rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri 2004 ''Moolaadé'' site n'aka onye edemede na onye nduzi Senegalese Ousmane Sembène. Coulibaly gosipụtara dịka Collé Gallo Ardo Sy, nke abụọ n'ime ndị nwunye atọ nke di ya, n'otu obodo dị na [[Burkina Faso]], onye na-eji moolaadé ("nchebe anwansi") iji gbalịa ichebe ụmụ agbọghọ pụọ na nkwarụ nwanyị (FGM).<ref name="sinebuano.com">{{Cite web|url=https://sinebuano.com/african-cinema-this-sinekultura-2012|title=African Cinema this SineKultura 2012 – SineBuano.com|author=|date=|work=sinebuano.com|accessdate=9 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109191245/https://sinebuano.com/african-cinema-this-sinekultura-2012|archivedate=9 November 2017}}</ref> Coulibaly n'onwe ya abụrụla onye a na-egbu egbu n'ahụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wg-usa.org/website2014/a-call-to-protect-women-and-girls-against-a-mutilating-practice/|title=A Call to Protect Women and Girls Against a Mutilating Practice|work=www.wg-usa.org|accessdate=2018-02-24|archivedate=2018-06-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616130352/http://www.wg-usa.org/website2014/a-call-to-protect-women-and-girls-against-a-mutilating-practice/}}</ref> Onye nkatọ Roger Ebert nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando anọ (n'ime anọ), na-ede "maka m ihe nkiri kachasị mma na Cannes 2004, akụkọ na-eme ka ọ dị ngwa na ndụ. Ọ na-eme nkwupụta dị ike ma n'otu oge ahụ nwee ọchị, ịma mma na ịma mma anya dị ịtụnanya. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/moolaade-2004|title=Moolaade Movie Review & Film Summary (2007) - Roger Ebert|first=Roger|author=Ebert|date=|work=www.rogerebert.com|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref> Coulibaly ritere ihe nrite Best Actress maka ọrụ ya dịka Collé, na Cinemanila International Film Festival n'afọ 2005.<ref name="sinebuano.com" /> Ihe nkiri a nwere ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwalite mmata zuru oke banyere FGM, Coulibaly anọgidewo na-eme mkpọsa na okwu a kemgbe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldcrunch.com/uncut-the-war-against-female-genital-mutilation-1/facing-the-scourge-of-female-genital-mutilation-in-africa|title=Facing The Scourge Of Female Genital Mutilation In Africa|first=|author=Worldcrunch|date=|work=worldcrunch.com|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref> E dekọrọ mkpọsa ya megide FGM na ihe nkiri ''Africa'' on the Move: The Power of Song (2010).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://films.com/title/58421|title=The Power of Song: Africa on the Move|work=Films Media Group|language=en|accessdate=2018-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://apps.uqo.ca/LoginSigparb/LoginPourRessources.aspx?url=http://curio.ca/en/video/africa-on-the-move-the-power-of-song-part-2-of-4-2795/|title=Africa on the Move: The Power of Song (Part 2 of 4)|author=Fakoly|first=Tiken Jah|date=2010}}</ref> Coulibaly apụtala n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, usoro telivishọn na egwuregwu.<ref name="maliactu.net" /> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2016, Coulibaly na-arụ ọrụ maka Office de radiodiffusion télévision du Mali (Office of Broadcasting Television of Mali) (ORTM).<ref name="maliactu.net" /> == Ihe nkiri == * ''Guimba onye ọchịchị'' aka ike (1995) * ''N'Golo'' dit Papa (1997) * Aphrodite, Ogige nke Ihe Na-esi ísì ụtọ (1998) * ''Moolaadé'' (2004), onye na-eme ihe nkiri * ''Africa'' na-agagharị: Ike nke Abụ (2010) * Ifufe na Bamako (2012) == Edemsibịa == {{DEFAULTSORT:Coulibaly, Fatoumata}} {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o7d1jnq4gt5b3fokbvh5zpf4alg2548 0 17120 692545 93312 2026-07-30T09:43:06Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatoumata Bagayoko''' (amụrụ na onwa Mee 23, na afọ 1988) bụ onye Mali na-agba bọọlụ basketball. Bagayoko sonyeere Mali na afọ 2008 Summer Olympics, ebe o nwetara 21 na egwuregwu 5, gụnyere akara 8 na mmeri ikpeazụ na Spain. A mụrụ ya na Bamako ma na-egwuri egwu maka otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị nke Djoliba AC. == Ihe odide == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bagayoko, Fatoumata}} <references /> {{Reflist}}{{navboxes|title=National squads|list={{Mali squad - 2007 FIBA Africa Championship for Women}} {{Mali squad - 2011 FIBA Africa Championship for Women}}}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o7zuhe7344z9cval2o18c2xnmnr8yzl 0 17210 692587 621315 2026-07-30T11:00:14Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692587 wikitext text/x-wiki '''VGus Nall''' (1919) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe n'etiti narị afọ nke irí abụọ na Chicago, [[Ndiánà|Indiana]], [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], na [[Michigan]]. A mụrụ ya na Illinois, ọrụ Nallī a kacha márá amara bụ ihe osise ya "Lincoln na-agwa ndị nweere onwé ha okwu na Steps of the Capital at Richmond" (1963), nke steeti [[Ilinoi|Illinois]] nyere iwu iji sọpụrụ 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Gus_Nall/11057060/Gus_Nall.aspx#|title=Gus Nall}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ancestry.com/1940-census/usa/Illinois/Gus-Nall_50p4yy|title=Gus Nall in the 1940 Census}}</ref><ref name="invaluable.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.invaluable.co.uk/auction-lot/gus-nall,-african-american-20th-c.-,-offering-f-170-c-151b36df0e|title=Gus Nall, (African-American; 20th C.), Offering Fruit, Oil o|work=Invaluable.com|accessdate=2022-06-23|archivedate=2018-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429092023/https://www.invaluable.co.uk/auction-lot/gus-nall,-african-american-20th-c.-,-offering-f-170-c-151b36df0e}}</ref><ref name="civilwarinart.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.civilwarinart.org/items/show/142|title=The Civil War in Art : Teaching & Learning Through Chicago Collections - ''Lincoln Speaks to Freedmen on the Steps of the Capital at Richmond''|accessdate=2022-06-23|archivedate=2016-03-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327214948/http://www.civilwarinart.org/items/show/142}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.civilwarinart.org/exhibits/show/emansmeanfreedom/introduction/art-and-african-american-histo|title=The Civil War in Art : Teaching & Learning Through Chicago Collections - Emancipation and the Meaning of Freedom : Art and African American History|accessdate=2022-06-23|archivedate=2016-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701171201/http://www.civilwarinart.org/exhibits/show/emansmeanfreedom/introduction/art-and-african-american-histo}}</ref> == Ndụ == Gus Nall bụ ónyé Africa-America na-ese ihe nkè amụrụ na Chicago, Illinois na 1919. Ọ lụrụ Thelma Nall mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na otu. Nall bụ ónyé omenkà ama ama n'oge 1950s na 60s, nkè a maara màkà nnọchiteanya nkè ógè a nke ndị Africa America. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Art Institute nké Chicago nakwa na Paris. N'oge ndụ ya, e gosipụtara ya na Art Gallery ''Magazine'' (1968, "The Afro-American Issueʹ) yana Carol Myers' Black Power in the Arts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aavad.com/artistlist.cfm?letter=n|title=Webshop, Webhosting, Domæner og E-handel - Dandomain A/S|accessdate=2022-06-23|archivedate=2015-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107095249/http://aavad.com/artistlist.cfm?letter=n}}</ref><ref name="invaluable.co.uk"/> == Ọrụ == Ọrụ Nallī nwèrè ihe oyiyi mmadụ toro ogologo nke Cubist na Expressionist style nkè eserese, na nka Africa.<ref name="google.com">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDV5Phz_vQoC&q=gus+nall+life&pg=PA17|title=The Art and Life of Clarence Major|isbn=9780820343662|author=Byerman|first=Keith E.|date=June 2012}}</ref> Ihe osise ya na-egosipụtakarị ihe nnọchianya nkè ndị Africa America. Archibald Motley na Eldzier Cortor, ndị bụ ndị na-ese ihe na Chicago, nwèrè mmetụta n'ebe ọ nọ. Ọrụ Nallī nyèrè ya ohere ịghọ ihe nlereanya nye ndị na-ese ihe ibe ya yana ndị nwéré mmasị na ndụ ya dị ka onye na-ese egwu. Nall nwèrè mmetụta na-akpali akpali na ndụ ónyé na-ese ihe na ónyé édémédé [[Clarence Major|Clarence]] Major ónyé na-ele ya ányá.<ref name="google.com" /> Ihe osise ya "Lincoln na-agwa ndị nweere onwe ha okwu na Steps of the Capital at Richmond" (1963) dị na ngosi na-adịgide adịgide na DuSable Museum of African American History.<ref name="civilwarinart.org"/> == Ihe ngosi == {{Gallery||"Untitled" (1950) by Gus Nall||"Offering Fruit" by Gus Nall|File: Lincoln Speaks to Freedmen on the Steps of the Capital at Richmond.jpg|"Lincoln Speaks to Freedmen on the Steps of the Capital at Richmond" by Gus Nall|title=Gus Nall’s Paintings|width=160|height=170|align=center|footer=|alt1=Gus Nall Painting|alt2=Gus Nall Painting|alt3=Gus Nall painting}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} pqsyqw3xz1gqfc6ns4jkvr0w2n8pw93 0 17299 692563 93322 2026-07-30T10:03:42Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatuma Roba''' (Amharic: ፋጡማ ሮባ; amụrụ na 18 Disemba, na afọ 1973) bụ onye Etiopia na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge, nke a maara nke ọma maka ịbụ nwanyị Afrịka mbụ meriri nrite ọla edo na asọmpi Olympic marathon nke ụmụ nwanyị na Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympics na maka mmeri atọ na-esote Boston Marathons. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Fatuma Roba na 18 Disemba, na afọ 1973 na Bekoji, Ethiopia.<ref name="bekoji">{{Cite news|title=Bekoji trip: Cradle of champions|url=http://www.athleticsweekly.com/featured/bekoji-trip-cradle-of-champions-40485|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[Athletics Weekly]]|date=16 March 2016}}</ref> Ka Fatuma na-etolite, ọ dịghị nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe dị anya na-agba ọsọ n'ime Etiopia, naanị Abebe Bikila. Mgbe Fatuma nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, a naghị agba ya ume ịgba ọsọ mana o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'agbanyeghị.<ref name="legend">{{Cite news|author=Tanser|first=Toby|title=Fatuma Roba: A Twisted Path to Living Legend|work=[[Runner's World]]|date=19 April 2008}}</ref> Ọ bụ Sentayehu Eshetu zụrụ ya, onye ya na ndị na-eme egwuregwu dịka Derartu Tulu rụburu ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hattenstone|first=Simon|title=The Ethiopian town that's home to the world's greatest runners|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/apr/06/ethiopian-home-worlds-greatest-runners|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=6 April 2012}}</ref> == Ọrụ ịgba ọsọ == O mere otu mba mbụ ya n'afọ 1988, na ọkara marathon. N'afọ ahụ, ọ nọ n'elu iri na asọmpi ụwa, ka ọ na-erule afọ 1992, ọ ka mma ruo nke isii. Mgbe ọ bịarutere nke mbụ na juniors na nke asaa n'ozuzu na New York Mini Marathon, o kpebiri ịnwale marathon zuru oke. Ya mere na afọ 1994, o sonyere na Paris Marathon, na-emecha nke iri na itoolu, mgbe e mesịrị kwuo "mgbe m mechara m kwuru, ;Ọ dịghị mgbe ọzọ, agaghị m eme nke a ọzọ, ọ dị ogologo!' Aṅụara m mmiri nke ukwuu, enwere m nsogbu afọ, mgbe 14km gachara agwụla m. "<ref name="legend">{{Cite news|author=Tanser|first=Toby|title=Fatuma Roba: A Twisted Path to Living Legend|work=[[Runner's World]]|date=19 April 2008}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ ogologo oge maka afọ na-esote, mana na ụbọchị 25 ga-aga ruo na afọ 1995 World Championships in Athletics, a tụrụ aro na ọ ga-asọmpi ebe ọ bụ na Ethiopia anaghị eziga onye ọzọ. Ya mere, ọ gbara ọsọ, wee gbaa ọsọ ruo kilota 25 (16 mi), mana mgbe ahụ ọ na-enwe isi ọwụwa ma daa ọtụtụ ugboro. Ọ gwụchara nke iri na itoolu, na oge nke 2:39:27, mana arụmọrụ ya mere ka ọ banye n'ụlọ ọgwụ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị.<ref name="legend">{{Cite news|author=Tanser|first=Toby|title=Fatuma Roba: A Twisted Path to Living Legend|work=[[Runner's World]]|date=19 April 2008}}</ref> Mana Fatuma kpebiri ịga n'ihu na ọzụzụ n'ebe ahụ. O meriri marathon mbụ ya na Marrakech na mbido afọ 1996, tupu ya emeri Rome Marathon ọnwa abụọ ka e mesịrị. N'etiti ọsọ abụọ ahụ, ọ meziwanyere oge kachasị mma ya site na otu nkeji. Mgbe mmeri na Rome gasịrị, a họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Etiopia na 1996 Summer Olympics, na Atlanta, United States, ma mee ka ọzụzụ ya sie ike.<ref name="legend">{{Cite news|author=Tanser|first=Toby|title=Fatuma Roba: A Twisted Path to Living Legend|work=[[Runner's World]]|date=19 April 2008}}</ref> O mechara kwuo na site na kilota iri na asatọ (11 mi) na marathon ụmụ nwanyị na Atlanta Games, o doro anya na ọ meriri n'ọsọ ahụ n'ihi na ndị ọzọ na-agba ọsọ na-agwụ ike n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-achọta ọsọ ahụ.<ref name="legend" /> Site na mmeri ya na ihe nrite ọla edo, Fatuma ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ si mba Afrịka meriri n'asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị na egwuregwu Olimpik.<ref name="bekoji">{{Cite news|title=Bekoji trip: Cradle of champions|url=http://www.athleticsweekly.com/featured/bekoji-trip-cradle-of-champions-40485|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[Athletics Weekly]]|date=16 March 2016}}</ref> Fatuma merikwara Boston Marathons ugboro atọ n'usoro site na 1997-1999<ref>{{Cite news|title=Women's Boston Marathon is closest in history|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/24240959/|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[NBC Sports]]|date=21 April 2008}}</ref> Onye mmeri Boston ugboro atọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara inwe akara nke anọ n'usoro n'afọ 2000, na-abịa na nke atọ na njedebe kachasị nso n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatuma Roba|url=http://archive.boston.com/marathon/runners/Fatuma_Roba.htm|publisher=Boston.com|accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref> O mechara kwuo "Ọ dị mma, nye m, marathons kachasị ukwuu n'ime marathons niile bụ Olympic Marathon, mana ebe nke abụọ bụ Boston".<ref name="legend">{{Cite news|author=Tanser|first=Toby|title=Fatuma Roba: A Twisted Path to Living Legend|work=[[Runner's World]]|date=19 April 2008}}</ref> == Ihe kacha mma n'onwe ya == * 10000m S. 32:25 (2000) * Ọkara marathon Shia 1:09:01 (2001) * Marathon Shia 2:23:21 (1998) == Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !colspan="6"|Representing {{ETH}} |- |1990 |[[1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] |[[Plovdiv]], [[Bulgaria]] |16th (h) |3000m |[[1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 3000 metres|9:26.63]] |- |1992 |[[IAAF World Half Marathon Championships|World Half Marathon Championships]] |[[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle, United Kingdom]] |6th |Half marathon |[[1992 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships|1:10:28]] |- |1995 |[[1995 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Gothenburg]], Sweden |19th |Marathon |[[1995 World Championships in Athletics – Women's Marathon|2:39:27]] |- |rowspan=2|1996 |[[Rome City Marathon]] |[[Rome]], Italy |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |2:29:05 |- |[[Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Atlanta]], United States |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |2:26:05 |- |rowspan=2|1997 |[[Boston Marathon]] |[[Boston]], United States |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |2:26:23 |- |[[1997 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Athens]], Greece |— |Marathon |[[1997 World Championships in Athletics – Women's Marathon|DNF]] |- |1998 |[[Boston Marathon]] |[[Boston]], United States |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |2:23:21 |- |rowspan=2|1999 |[[Boston Marathon]] |[[Boston]], United States |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |2:23:25 |- |[[1999 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Seville]], Spain |4th |Marathon |[[1999 World Championships in Athletics – Women's Marathon|2:28:04]] |- |rowspan=2|2000 |[[Boston Marathon]] |[[Boston]], United States |bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd |Marathon |2:26:27 |- |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Sydney]], Australia |9th |Marathon |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics - Women's Marathon|2:27:38]] |- |2001 |[[2001 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Edmonton]], Canada |13th |Marathon |[[2001 World Championships in Athletics – Women's Marathon|2:31:10]] |- |2004 |[[Nagano Olympic Commemorative Marathon|Nagano Marathon]] |[[Nagano (city)|Nagano]], Japan |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |2:28:05 |} == Ihe odide == <references /> {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Fatuma Roba}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060320164719/http://www.globalathletics.com/f_roba.shtml Ụmụ nwanyị na-eme egwuregwu: Fatuma Roba] {{Footer Olympic Champions Marathon Women}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2sxb3vzljx98m680j0tupqfaacbh5p0 0 17475 692320 131679 2026-07-29T19:16:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wanda Ewing''' (1970-2013) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe a mụrụ na Omaha, Nebraska.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wandaewing.com/about/wanda/|work=Wanda Ewing artist|accessdate=March 7, 2015|title=Wanda Ewing|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303150603/http://www.wandaewing.com/about/wanda/|archivedate=March 3, 2015}}</ref> O lere nka ya ányá dị ka "ihe na-akpali akpali na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị". Ozi a na-ahụkarị n'ọrụ nka ya bụ nwanyị ojii dị mpako, ọ ga-esiri ike ileghara ya anya.<ref name="The Reader article">{{Cite news|author=Krainak|first=Mike|title=No Little Death|url=http://www.thereader.com/post/no_little_death|accessdate=March 7, 2015|publisher=The Reader|date=Dec 24, 2013}}</ref> Ewing gụrụ akwụkwọ óbíbí akwụkwọ na San Francisco Art Institute ebe ọ natara BFA ya na 1997. Ọ natara MA na MFA ya na obibi akwụkwọ na Mahadum Iowa na 2001 na 2002, n'otu n'otu.<ref name="The Reader article" /> Ọ bụ prọfesọ na Mahadum Nebraska na Omaha, ebe ọ kụziri klas nka anya site na 2004 ruo 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Truax|first=Sue|title=Unexpected death of Omaha artist, professor Wanda Ewing, 43, shocks UNO|url=http://www.omaha.com/go/unexpected-death-of-omaha-artist-professor-wanda-ewing-shocks-uno/article_70324bf6-9d8a-5d36-819c-ccd202a7dee6.html|accessdate=March 10, 2015|publisher=Omaha World-Herald|date=November 19, 2014}}</ref><ref name="caa">{{Cite news|author=Buszek|first=Maria|title=Wanda Ewing: In Memoriam|url=http://www.collegeart.org/obituaries/wandaewing|accessdate=March 7, 2015|publisher=College Art Association|date=Dec 20, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Barber 2014">{{Cite web|author=Barber|first=Hali|title=Wanda Ewing|url=http://wap.lib.unomaha.edu/wewing.html|work=UNO Women's Archive Project|publisher=University of Nebraska at Omaha|accessdate=31 March 2015|archivedate=2 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602042103/http://wap.lib.unomaha.edu/wewing.html}}</ref> Ewing gosipụtara na mba niile ma nweta ọtụtụ onyinye màkà ọrụ ya. == Ihe osise == === Ụdị na nkà ihe ọmụma === Ewing bụ ónyé na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka "latch hook maven".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=http://www.wandaewing.com/|work=Wanda Ewing|accessdate=6 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503115637/http://www.wandaewing.com/|archivedate=May 3, 2015}}</ref> O jiri collage, printmaking, latch hook, na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ mepụta ihe ya. Ọrụ ya na-enyocha okwu gbasara agbụrụ, okike, mmekọahụ, ịma mma, na njirimara.<ref name="Wanda website">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wandaewing.com/about/wanda/|work=Wanda Ewing Artist|title=About Wanda Ewing|accessdate=2022-06-27|archivedate=2015-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303150603/http://www.wandaewing.com/about/wanda/}}</ref> Ihe osise ya na-eji ejiji na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na anya dị ike iji gbaghaa echiche ndị inyom ojii na mgbasa ozi. Ụmụ nwanyị Ewing rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nka ya. Ihe osise ya na-eji ụdị ụmụ nwanyị na ọdịnaya ya "mebie ihe oyiyi ụmụ nwanyị".<ref>{{Cite book|author=Buszeck|first=Maria|title=Pin-up Grrrls: Feminism, Sexuality and Popular Culture|year=2006|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Duke University}}</ref> Mgbasa ozi na-egosipụtakarị ụmụ nwanyị ojii n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma site n'ịme ka ha nwee mmekọahụ ma mee ka ahụ ha bụrụ ihe ziri ezi. Ọ bụ ebumnuche Ewing iji gbanwee ihe ngosi ndị ahụ ka ha bụrụ ndị dị mma. Ihe osise ya na-egosi ụmụ nwanyị ojii dị ka "ndị nwere obi ike" na ndị nwéré obi ike.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Silva|first=Patricia|title=Wanda Ewing: Pin-Ups and Wallflowers|url=http://www.velvetparkmedia.com/blogs/wanda-ewing-pin-ups-and-wallflowers|work=Velvet Park: art, thought, and culture|accessdate=1 May 2015}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi ndị a ma ama === * "Bougie" bụ usoro ihe osise nke na-eji satire ekwu màkà ụkpụrụ ịma mma màkà ụmụ nwanyị ojii. Usoro a gosipụtara site na Sheldon Museum of Art na Lincoln, Nebraska.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wandaewing.com/exhibitions/solo/|title=Solo exhibitions|work=Wanda Ewing|accessdate=6 May 2015|archivedate=5 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405132339/http://www.wandaewing.com/exhibitions/solo/}}</ref> E gosipụtara ya na telivishọn ọha na eze Next Exit: Arts in Nebraska<ref>{{Cite web|title=Next Exit: Arts in Nebraska: Wanda Ewing|url=http://netnebraska.org/interactive-multimedia/none/next-exit-arts-nebraska-wanda-ewing|accessdate=6 May 2015|archivedate=18 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073043/http://netnebraska.org/interactive-multimedia/none/next-exit-arts-nebraska-wanda-ewing}}</ref> * "Black as Pitch, Hot as Hell" bụ nchịkọta nke ihe osise na mbipụta na-egosi ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-agba agba, n'ụdị pin-up.<ref name="genderacrossborders.com">{{Cite web|author=Deskins|first=Sally|title=Wanda Ewing, Artist: "Video Grrrlzzz"|url=http://www.genderacrossborders.com/2011/05/25/wanda-ewing-artist-%E2%80%9Cvideo-grrrlzzz%E2%80%9D/|work=Gender Across Borders|accessdate=March 28, 2015|archivedate=April 2, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113931/http://www.genderacrossborders.com/2011/05/25/wanda-ewing-artist-%E2%80%9Cvideo-grrrlzzz%E2%80%9D/}}</ref> Usoro a na-enyocha otu agbụrụ si mara echiche ọha mmadụ banyere ịma mma nwanyị. * "Video Grrrlzzz" bụ nchịkọta sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke vixen vidio Karrine Steffans.<ref name="genderacrossborders.com" /> Usoro ihe osise a na-egosi "ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-eyi uwe na-enweghị isi akpa, ihe atụ màkà otu esi emeso ụmụ nwanyị na ụlọ ọrụ hip-hop". A na-ewere nchịkọta a dị ka ihe na-ese okwu nke ukwuu ma jụ ya site na ngosi hip-hop. === Ihe ngosi na njikọ gallery === A gụnyere ọrụ Ewing n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta gụnyere Richard M. Ross Museum na Delaware, Tama Art University Museum na Tokyo, Japan, na San Francisco Art Institute na ndị ọzọ.<ref name="wanda website">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wandaewing.com/about/gallery-affiliations-collections/|work=Wanda Ewing artist|accessdate=March 7, 2015|title=Wanda Ewing Collections|archivedate=April 2, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181838/http://www.wandaewing.com/about/gallery-affiliations-collections/}}</ref> A tụlere ma nyochaa ọrụ ya n'akwụkwọ dị iche iche, ọkachasị Maria Buszek's Pin-up Grrrls: Feminism, Sexuality and Popular Culture.<ref name="Maria's book">{{Cite book|author=Buszek|first=Maria|title=Pin-up Grrrls: Feminism, Sexuality and Popular Culture|year=2006|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Duke University|isbn=0822337460|pages=[https://archive.org/details/pinupgrrrlsfemin00busz/page/349 349–350]|url=https://archive.org/details/pinupgrrrlsfemin00busz/page/349|accessdate=March 7, 2015}}</ref> E gosipụtara nhọrọ nke ihe osise ya na International Print Center na New York n'etiti afọ 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wanda Ewing|url=http://www.ipcny.org/artists/wanda-ewing/|work=International Print Center New York|accessdate=2 May 2015|archivedate=24 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035842/http://www.ipcny.org/artists/wanda-ewing/}}</ref> A na-aga n'ihu na-egosi ma na-anakọta ọrụ ya. === Scholarships, onyinye, na onyinye === * 1995-1997 Undergraduate Merit Award Scholarship site na San Francisco Art Institute * 1999 2002 Ohere Ọmụmụ Ihe Maka Ọmụmụ Ọmụmụ na Obere Ọmụ Ihe Ọmụmụ nke Mahadum nke Iowa School of Art and Art History * 2003 Onyinye Njem site na The Nebraska Women's Caucus for Art * 2004 Onyinye mmata site na Roots na Crown: UNL Printmakers Exhibition * 2006 Onye na-ese ihe nke Afọ site na National Council of Negro Women, Inc. * 2008 Purse Award site na Mahadum Purdue * 2009 Best Visual Artist na Best 2-D Artist site na Omaha Entertainment Awards, Purchase Award site na Richard M. Ross Museum, na Young at Heart Award site na Micro Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ewing|first=Mona|title=Recognition|url=http://www.wandaewing.com/about/recognition/|work=WandaEwing.com|accessdate=March 28, 2015|archivedate=April 2, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101441/http://www.wandaewing.com/about/recognition/}}</ref> * 2010 Research Grant sitere na Kọmitii Mahadum na Nnyocha na Ọrụ Okike na Mahadum Nebraska na Omaha * 2011 Onyinye Onye na-ese ihe n'otu n'otu site na Pollock Krasner Foundation, INC. * 2013 Onye na-ese ihe n'otu n'otu site na The Nebraska Arts Council == Ọnwụ == N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2013, a chọpụtara na Ewing nwere ọrịa kansa akpa ume nke anọ.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Patricia|author=Silva|title=Tenacious as Hell, Vividly: Wanda Ewing|url=http://www.flarearts.org/?p=14|work=Flare Arts Journal|accessdate=March 28, 2015|archivedate=April 2, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092823/http://www.flarearts.org/?p=14}}</ref> Wanda Ewing nwụrụ na Disemba 8, 2013 mgbe ọ dị afọ 43 site na nsogbu na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ewing|first=Mona|title=About|url=http://www.wandaewing.com/about/wanda/|work=WandaEwing.com|accessdate=March 28, 2015|archivedate=March 3, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303150603/http://www.wandaewing.com/about/wanda/}}</ref> == Ihe Nketa == Ewing bụ onye nnọchi anya obodo Omaha.<ref name="The Reader article"/> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ iji mepụta oghere maka ndị na-ese ihe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na ihe nkiri nka nke Omaha. Ọnụnọ nke ndị na-ese ihe na Omaha toro n'okpuru nlekọta ya. Union for Contemporary Arts na Omaha, Nebraska kpọrọ gallery na ncheta ya.<ref name="UCA Website">{{Cite web|title=Union for Contemporary Art|url=http://www.u-ca.org/exhibition/|work=u-ca.org|accessdate=March 7, 2015}}</ref> Ewing bụ prọfesọ mbụ na-arụ ọrụ oge niile nke agba iji nweta ọrụ na ngalaba nka nke nnukwu mahadum steeti.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Silva|first=Patricia|title=Wanda Ewing: Pin-Ups and Wallflowers|url=http://www.velvetparkmedia.com/blogs/wanda-ewing-pin-ups-and-wallflowers|work=Velvet Park: art. thought, and culture|accessdate=1 May 2015}}</ref> Mahadum nke Nebraska Foundation guzobere agụmakwụkwọ nka n'aha ya. Ọrụ Wanda Ewing na-aga n'ihu na-akpali ụmụ nwanyị na-ese ihe "ịchọta olu ha".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wanda|url=http://www.wandaewing.com/about/wanda/|work=Wanda Ewing|accessdate=9 May 2015|archivedate=3 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303150603/http://www.wandaewing.com/about/wanda/}}</ref> Les Femmes Folles: Women in Art, otu nzukọ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ihe ngosi ọ haziri n'okpuru otu aha ahụ, na-aga n'ihu na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na nka iji sọpụrụ ya.<ref name="Les Femmes Folles">{{Cite web|author=Deskins|first=Sally|title=Wanda Ewing|url=http://femmesfollesnebraska.tumblr.com/wanda|work=Les Femmes Folles: Women in Art|publisher=Les Femmes Folles|accessdate=March 7, 2015}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} dfoechi4wdkfk1fv3c3p9nnf36u2ulr 0 17492 692609 184036 2026-07-30T11:40:37Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Flora Suya''' bụ onye Malawi na-eme ihe nkiri. A họpụtara ya dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na 6th na 9th Africa Movie Academy Awards. == Ọrụ == Ya na Tapiwa Gwaza, Suya rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na Seasons of a Life (2010), nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere ihe isi ike nke nwa agbọghọ Africa nke onye isi ya dinara n'ụzọ mmekọahụ, onye wee jụ ya ilekọta nwa ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2012/08/artmattan-productions-adds-award-winning-malawian-film-seasons-of-a-life-to-library-143391/|title=ArtMattan Productions Adds Award-Winning Malawian Film ‘Seasons of a Life’ To Library|author=admin|work=Indiewire|accessdate=November 1, 2017}}</ref> O nwetara Africa Movie Academy Award maka Best Actress in a Leading Role maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/15554/amaa-2010-malawis-flora-suya-in-top-race-for-best-actress.html|title=AMAA 2010: Malawi’s Flora Suya in top race for Best Actress award|author=admin|date=March 26, 2010|work=Nigeria Voice|accessdate=November 1, 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, ọ pụtara na Shemu Joyah, Last Fishing Boat, ebe ọ bụ mmasị ịhụnanya nke onye njem nleta na nwunye nke nwoke nwere ọtụtụ nwanyị, ọrụ ahụ mere ka a họpụta ya dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na AMAA awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawian-new-film-the-last-fishing-boat-hits-the-market-this-month/|title=Malawian new film ‘The Last Fishing Boat’ hits the market this month|author=admin|date=December 2, 2012|work=nyasatimes.com|accessdate=November 1, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ynaija.com/amaa-2013-rita-dominic-yvonne-okoro-flora-suya-who-becomes-africas-queen-of-the-screen/|title=AMAA 2013: RITA DOMINIC, YVONNE OKORO, FLORA SUYA… WHO BECOMES AFRICA’S QUEEN OF THE SCREEN?|author=admin|date=April 20, 2013|work=[[YNaija]]|accessdate=November 1, 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, a kọrọ na ọ ga-apụta na ihe nkiri Zambia, ''Chenda'', nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị na-amaghị nwoke na-agafe na mmeghachi omume ọjọọ nke ụmụ nwoke Afrịka n'ọnọdụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.faceofmalawi.com/2014/07/malawian-actress-flora-suya-to-feature-in-zambian-movie/|title=MALAWIAN ACTRESS, FLORA SUYA TO FEATURE IN ZAMBIAN MOVIE|author=Ngiwira|first=Robert|date=July 21, 2014|work=Face of Malawi|accessdate=November 1, 2017}}</ref> Emere ihe nkiri ahụ na sinima n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2014, wee wepụta ya n'afọ 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mwnation.com/flora-suyas-zambian-movie-launched/|title=Flora Suya's Zambian movie launched|author=reporter|date=December 11, 2014|work=MW Nation|accessdate=November 1, 2017|archivedate=July 10, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710134451/http://mwnation.com/flora-suyas-zambian-movie-launched/}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, a mara ọkwa ihe nkiri ya, My Mothers Story dịka otu n'ime ihe nkiri mmeghe na Silicon Valley African Film Festival na United States. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-akọ ''akụkọ'' banyere ahụhụ ụmụ nwanyị na-aga iji chekwaa ụlọ ha n'enweghị enyemaka di.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malawi24.com/2016/10/13/flora-suya-off-to-usa-to-premiere-her-film/|title=Flora Suya off to USA to premiere her film|author=Maulidi|first=Frank|date=October 13, 2016|work=Malawi 24|accessdate=November 1, 2017}}</ref> N'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, ọ na-eme Tadala, nne na-alụbeghị di na ọnọdụ okike na ọdịbendị Afrịka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malawi24.com/2016/05/31/flora-suya-plays-single-mother-new-movie/|title=Flora Suya plays single mother in new movie|author=Bisani|first=Luke|date=May 31, 2016|work=Malawi 24|accessdate=November 1, 2017}}</ref> == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Flora Suya at Rotten Tomatoes {{DEFAULTSORT:Suya, Flora}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mf3k5fdnyb7y5ow2ndylh89p2776qdk 0 17989 692512 689524 2026-07-30T09:18:00Z Anastesia chi 23720 Added default sort 692512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  '''Gabrielle Civil''' bụ ónyé America na-eme ihe nkírí, onye na-ede uri, na ónyé nkuzi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://hemisphericinstitute.org/hemi/en/enc14-urban-interventions/item/2377-en14-ui-civil-fugue|title=Gabrielle Civil: Fugue (Da, Montréal)|accessdate=March 12, 2017|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Civil sitere na Detroit, Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spacesgallery.org/artists/gabrielle-civil|title=SPACES / Artists / Directory|work=www.spacesgallery.org|accessdate=May 6, 2017|archivedate=June 13, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613132955/http://www.spacesgallery.org/artists/gabrielle-civil}}</ref> Site na 1991 ruo 1995 ọ gàrà Mahadum nke Michigan, ébé ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nsọpụrụ dị elu na ma édémédé okike na Comparative Literature.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://media.wix.com/ugd/160681_c42ae53728b442f0b8ce3739770461ba.pdf|title=CV|author=Civil|first=Gabrielle|accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, Civil gara Mahadum New York maka nzere masta ya na nzèrè doctorate ya. Ọ natara M.A. ya na akwụkwọ ntụnyere n'afọ 2000.<ref name=":0" /> Akwụkwọ edemede ya, From Body to Nation: Reading Black Women's Poetry in the United States, Haiti & Canada, lekwasịrị anya na uri nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], [[Kánada|Canada]] na Haiti. Ihe ndị Civil lekwasịrị anya gụnyere Black Feminist Theory; African-American Literature; Experimental World Poetry.<ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ == Civil malitere ọrụ nkụzi ya na-akụzi ógè okpomọkụ na Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, na [[Nú Yọk|New York]]. Ọ kụziri "atụmatụ maka ihe ọmụma a na-etinye n'ime" site na Language & Thinking 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006.<ref name=":0"/> Mgbè ógè okpomọkụ ya na Bard College gasịrị, Civil kụziri "Women and Voice: Black Women and Performance" na Macalester College site na 2005 ruo n'oge oyi nke afọ 2006.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ laghachiri na Bard College, wee kụzie màkà Bard College Prison Initiative, "Language & Thinking, Eastern Maximum Security Correctional Facility," n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2011.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ kụziri na Mahadum St. Catherine na St. Paul, Minnesota, site na 2000 ruo 2013 dị ka prọfesọ na-arụ ọrụ na Bekee, ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị, na Critical Studies of Race and Ethnicity.<ref name=":0" /> Site na 2013 ruo 2016, ọ bụ osote prọfesọ nke arụmọrụ na Antioch College na Yellow Springs, Ohio.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://magazine.antiochcollege.org/fall-2013/faculty-appointments|title=Faculty Appointments {{!}} The Antiochian|work=magazine.antiochcollege.org|language=en|accessdate=March 12, 2017|archivedate=August 12, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812060205/http://magazine.antiochcollege.org/fall-2013/faculty-appointments}}</ref> Ọ na-akụzi ugbu a dị ka ónyé ọbịa na Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics na Mahadum Naropa na Boulder, Colorado.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pw.org/content/naropa_university_jack_kerouac_school_disembodied_poetics|title=Naropa University, Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics {{!}} Poets & Writers|work=www.pw.org|language=en|accessdate=March 12, 2017}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Civil na-akọwa onwé ya dị ka ónyé ojii, onye na-ese ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị nke ebumnuche ya bụ "ịmeghe oghere".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chireviewofbooks.com/2017/02/23/portrait-of-the-artist-as-a-young-feminist-gabrielle-civil/|title=Portrait of the Artist as a Young Feminist: Gabrielle Civil|author=Yohannes|first=Neyat|date=February 23, 2017|work=Chicago Review of Books|accessdate=March 12, 2017}}</ref> Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya na mmekorita ma gosipụta ihe karịrị 40 performances na North America na mba ofesi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stkate.edu/news-and-events/events/experiments-in-joy-recharging-our-culture|title=Experiments in Joy: Recharging Our Culture|work=St. Kate's|date=March 10, 2017|accessdate=March 12, 2017|language=en}}</ref>   == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Civil, Gabrielle}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1nt0nb2pbp38nxll5e8t8fb28eryuv9 0 18531 692097 656356 2026-07-29T16:52:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Veye Tatah.jpg|thumb|Veye Tatah]] '''Veye Wirngo Tatah''' (amụrụ c.1971) bụ ónyé sayensị kọmputa na ónyé nta akụkọ [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] bi na Germany. Ọ bụ ónyé na-akwado Africa nke natara Order of Merit site na steeti Germany.. == Ndụ == A mụrụ Tatah n'ihe dị ka afọ 1971 ma ọ bịarutere Germany n'afọ 1991. A mụrụ ya na [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] mana ọ ghọrọ nwa amaala Germany n'afọ 2002.<ref name="black">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220718095121/https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/management/veye-tatah-afrika-ist-kein-land-schwarz-ist-eine-farbe/3226144.html Africa is not a Country and Black is a Colour], handelsblatt.com, Retrieved 6 April 2016</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ isii dị ka ónyé enyemaka nyocha sayensị kọmputa na Mahadum Nkà na ụzụ nke Dortmund. Ọ ghọrọ ónyé ndụmọdụ IT na-achịkwa ọrụ na ọkachasị ndị na-emetụta nkwurịta okwu ọdịbendị. Tatah nwèrè ụlọ ọrụ ''nri'' a na-akpọ Kilimanjaro Food. Tatah nwèrè ụmụ abụọ.<ref name="black"/> O setịpụtakwara ọtụtụ atụmatụ gụnyere Learning and integration mobile app ''African-LIM'', "African Women's Network" na ''Africa Positive''.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130815140337/http://www.maischna.com/index.php/lifestyle/inspired/143-veye-tatah-die-frau-hinter-qafrica-positiveq ''Veye Tatah die Frau hinter dem Namen Africa Positive''] In: ''Maischna Magazin''</ref> Tatah na-agba mbọ ịbawanye nghọta mba ụwa.<ref name="black"/> Na 25 Febụwarị 2010 Tatah natara Order of Merit nke Federal Republic of Germany màkà mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya pụrụ iche.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250813132229/http://www.afrika-bildung.de/583.htm ''Veye Tatah mit Bundesverdienstkreuz geehrt''] In: ''Afrika Bildung''</ref> O sonyere na ọzụzụ nke ndị nta akụkọ iri atọ si Gambia na Erich-Brost-Institut na 2019. A na-enye ndị nta akụkọ ebumnuche nke ịkọ akụkọ banyéré mbata.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-05|title=30 Young Journalists Trained on Migration Reporting {{!}}|url=https://www.voicegambia.com/2019/12/05/30-young-journalists-trained-on-migration-reporting/|accessdate=2020-11-18|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326170613/https://www.voicegambia.com/2019/12/05/30-young-journalists-trained-on-migration-reporting/}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8q3da2ctem1skbracfiyjruub7yr4tu 0 18611 692403 632074 2026-07-29T23:05:03Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fathia Absie''' (Somali: , Arabic) bụ odee Somali-American, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri,onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ihe onyonyo. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ihe ngosi abụọ ahụ, yana akụkọ ifo, ma bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ a kpọrọ, The Imperceptible Peace Maker . Fathia bụ onye guzobere Eat With Muslims, ọrụ e mere iji mee ka ndị Alakụba na ndị na-abụghị ndị Alakụb gakọta ọnụ n'oge nri abalị na akụkọ na-enwe olileanya iwu àkwà mmiri n'etiti ndị agbata obi na obodo nke okwukwe na ọdịbendị dị iche iche. Absie kwagara Minnesota n'ihe dị ka n' afọ 2010 ma bụrụbu onye ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọ rụrụ ọtụtụ òtù oru nke gụnyere Ngalaba Ọrụ na Ọrụ Ezinụlọ nke Ohio na Columbus, Ohio, Mahadum Washington na [[Seattle]], na Voice of America na Washington D.C. Absie na-eme ihe nkiri nke ya, The Lobby, banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwoke onye ọcha na nwaanyị Somali-American.<ref name="Sjraewsrfv">{{Cite news|author=Omar|first=Farid|title=Somali journalist Farhia Absie explains why she resigned from VOA|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/288349|accessdate=30 June 2014|date=1 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="Efa">{{Cite web|title=Fathia Absie|url=http://www.echominnesota.org/about/bio/fathia-absie|publisher=ECHO|accessdate=30 June 2014|archivedate=5 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042031/http://www.echominnesota.org/about/bio/fathia-absie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.somaliaonline.com/fathia-absie-stars-in-her-own-film-about-a-relationship-between-a-white-man-and-a-somali-american-woman/comment-page-14/|accessdate=29 October 2016|work=Somalia Online|title=Fathia Absie stars in her own film about a relationship between a white man and a Somali-American woman. – Somalia Online|archivedate=16 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616180109/https://www.somaliaonline.com/fathia-absie-stars-in-her-own-film-about-a-relationship-between-a-white-man-and-a-somali-american-woman/comment-page-14/}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, ọ sonyeere ECHO, otu ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị na [[Minésótạ|Minnesota]] na-ejere obodo ndị mbịarambịa ozi.<ref name="Efa" /> N'afọ 2011, Absie wepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya, Broken Dreams, ihe nkiri nke na-enyocha mkpesa mkpesa megide iwebata ndị ntorobịa Somalia na Minnesota site n'aka ndị na-anụbigara okpukpe ọkụ n'obi ókè. Ikpe ahụ wetara nlebara anya a na-achọghị site na gọọmentị US na obodo Somalia na Minnesota na gburugburu mba ahụ. Mgbe ụmụ okorobịa Somalia ahụ furu, FBI malitere nnyocha kachasị ukwuu nke US megide iyi ọha egwu kemgbe ọdachi nke 9/11. N'afọ 2014, Absie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ eserese, The Imperceptible Peacemaker, site na CreateSpace, ọrụ na-ebipụta onwe ya nke Amazon nwe. Ihe atụ nke ikpe ziri ezi, onye dike ya, na onye ọgaranya teknụzụ mepụtara uwe nke na-enye ya ikike ịghọ ike a na-adịghị ahụ anya maka ilu ogu megide ọchịchị nchigbu na ikpe na-ezighị ezi gburugburu ụwa. Ms. Absie rụkwara ọrụ na Twin Cities PBS ebe ọ kwadoro ọtụtụ mmemme na ihe ngosi, Giving Thanks! Na 2016 Fathia Absie bụ ihe nkiri Drama nke Musa Syeed duziri · Banyere nwa okorobịa onye Alakụba gbara ọsọ ndụ na Minneapolis na nkịta furu efu gafere ụzọ.<ref name="Waiwffa">{{Cite news|title=An interview with filmmaker Fathia Absie|url=http://www.wardheernews.com/interview-filmmaker-fathia-absie/|accessdate=15 April 2015|date=10 April 2015}}</ref> Absie mere nne Barkhad Abdirahman. <nowiki>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5447852/</nowiki> N'afọ 2015, Absie wepụtara ihe nkiri nke abụọ ya, akụkọ ifo The Lobby, nke ọ pụtara na ya nakwa dee ma duzie. Emere ya na Minneapolis Saint Paul International Film Festival n'ọnwa Eprel nke afọ ahụ.<ref name="Waiwffa"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Filmmaker Fathia Absie on 'The Lobby'|url=http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/05/28/bcst-the-lobby-film|accessdate=29 October 2016|work=MPR News|date=28 May 2015}}</ref> Nke a bụ akụkọ ifo banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwoke ọcha na nwaanyị Somali-American.<ref name="ownfilm">{{Cite news|author=A|first=Deeq|title=Fathia Absie stars in her own film about a relationship between a white man and a Somali-American woman|url=http://www.somaliaonline.com/fathia-absie-stars-in-her-own-film-about-a-relationship-between-a-white-man-and-a-somali-american-woman/comment-page-14/|accessdate=29 October 2016|work=Somalia Online}}</ref> Nọvemba n'afo 2017, Absie zutere Barkhad Abdirahman, n'oge a na-eme ya na nne Faysal Ahmed na-eme ihe nkiri Eric Tretbaris, Onye Mbụ Plural A nke oge a Romeo na Juliet, nke Faysal Ahmed bụ onye na-eme na Broadway, Pearce Bunting na ndị ọzọ. Absie malitere mmepụta nke akụkọ a na-akpọ "Grapes Of Heaven" Nwaanyị Somali-American nwere obi mgbawa na odee jereobere obodo Berbera, Somaliland ebe onye Somalia a ma ama na-ede uri aha ya bụ Bodheri nwụrụ n'ihi obi mgbawa n'afọ ndị 1930. == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Absie, Fathia}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] azyu53tg7hdujlbje2mf5upqv6rgsqs 0 18622 692335 91378 2026-07-29T19:49:53Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Felizarda da Conceição Jorge''' (amụrụ na Febụwarị 23, 1985) bụ onye Angola na-egwu egwuregwu basketball.<ref name="OlympicBotGeneratedRef">{{Cite web|title=Felizarda Jorge|url=http://www.london2012.com/athlete/jorge-felizarda-1099086/|work=London2012.com|publisher=[[The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Limited]]|accessdate=12 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902215357/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/jorge-felizarda-1099086/|archivedate=2 September 2012}}</ref> Na 2012 Summer Olympics, ọ sonyere n'òtù egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị nke Angola na ihe omume ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ dị fiit asaa na sentimita asatọ n'ogologo. == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{G.D. Interclube Women's Basketball}}{{G.D. Interclube Africa Clubs Champions Cup for Women 2013}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jorge, Felizarda}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4onnr4278kgafrbplktj044dia0fmzi 0 19024 692398 595026 2026-07-29T22:52:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yasmin Miller''' (amụrụ na 24 Mee n'afọ 1995) bụ onye na-eme egwuregwu track and field nke Britain nke na-asọ mpi na sprint na ihe mgbochi. O sonyere na 100 mita hurdles maka Great Britain mgbe ọ dị afọ 16 na 2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics . Ọ meriri otu ihe omume ahụ na Commonwealth Youth Games nke afọ ahụ ma bụrụkwa onye otu mmeri 4 × 100 mita relay team. Ọ kwughachiri ihe ịga nke ọma ikpeazụ na 2013 European Athletics Junior Championships. Miller enweela ihe ịga nke ọma na mba mgbochi, na-emeri ọla nchara abụọ, ọlaọcha na ọla edo na ihe mgbochi mita 60 na British Indoor Athletics Championships na ọlaọcha Na ọla nchara na ihe mg mgbochi 100m na British Athletics Championship. A mụrụ Miller na 24 Mee n'afo 1995.<ref name="WA">{{Cite web|title=Yasmin Miller Profile|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/great-britain-ni/yasmin-miller-14360668|work=World Athletics|accessdate=13 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Derbyshire.<ref name="derbys">{{Cite news|title=DIS athletes among winners at DSSA sports awards|url=https://issuu.com/nikkies/docs/dis_update_issue_4_magazine_online_|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=Derbyshire Institute of Sport|date=November 2013|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, ọ sonyeere Great Britain na 2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics na Lille, [[France]]. O nweghị ọganihu site na ọkara ikpeazụ na ihe omume 100m.<ref name="WA" /> Na Septemba nke afọ ahụ, Miller ritere ọla edo n'otu ihe omume ahụ na 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Commonwealth Youth Games Results - Isle of Man 2011 {{!}} Sports {{!}} Athletics 100&nbsp;m Hurdles Women|url=http://www.cyg2011results.com/Sports/ATHLETICS/default.aspx?SportID=31&EventID=374|publisher=Isle of Man 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114741/http://www.cyg2011results.com/Sports/ATHLETICS/default.aspx?SportID=31&EventID=374}}</ref> N'otu asọmupi ahụ, o ritere ọla edo na 4 × 100 m relay na Dina Asher-Smith, Sophie Papps na Jazmin Sawyers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Commonwealth Youth Games Results - Isle of Man 2011 {{!}} Sports {{!}} Athletics : 4 x 100&nbsp;m Relay Women|url=http://www.cyg2011results.com/Sports/ATHLETICS/default.aspx?SportID=31&EventID=382|publisher=Isle of Man 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114746/http://www.cyg2011results.com/Sports/ATHLETICS/default.aspx?SportID=31&EventID=382}}</ref> Miller so n'òtù ndị Britain nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo na 4 × 100 m relay na 2013 European Athletics Junior Championships na Rieti, Ịtali, n'akụkụ Asher-Smith, Steffi Wilson na Desiree Henry.<ref name="WA"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Who is British Olympian Dina Asher-Smith?|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/dina-asher-smith-injury-relay-200&nbsp;m-b1897513.html|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=The Independent|date=5 August 2021|language=en}}</ref> Miller mekwara asọmupi na 100m hurdles n'otu ihe omume ahụ mana ọ nweghị ọganihu gafere okpomọkụ.<ref name="WA" /> N'afọ ahụ, a kpọrọ ya onye egwuregwu nke afọ ahụ na 2013 Derbyshire Schools ' Sports Association awards.<ref name="derbys"/> Miller bịara nke anọ na 100m hurdles na 2014 World Junior Championships na Athletics na Eugene, Oregon, US; n'otu afọ ahụ ọ meriri ọla edo na England Athletics n'okpuru 20s 100m hurgles.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hill|first=Brian|title=Athletics: Katie Kirk sets a new best to claim English title|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/athletics-katie-kirk-sets-a-new-best-to-claim-english-title-30374768.html|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=Belfast Telegraph|date=22 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="WA" /> Miller sonyere na 100m hurdles na 2015 European Athletics U23 Championships na Tallinn, Estonia, mana ọ nweghị ọganihu karịa okpomọkụ. Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke anọ na 100 mita ihe mgbochi na 2017 European Athletics U23 Championships na Bydgoszcz, Poland.<ref name="WA" /> Miller gụrụ akwụkwọ iwu na Mahadum [[London]] South Bank, n'oge ahụ ọ biri na Canada Water. Miller nọchitere anya mahadum ahụ na British Universities and Colleges Sport Nationals. Na ihe omume ime ụlọ nke afọ 2017 o setịpụrụ ndekọ asọmpi ọhụrụ na 60m hurdles semi-final mana ọ bịara nke abụọ na nke ikpeazụ site na 0.01 sekọnd. Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na ihe omume n'èzí, ọ meriri 100m hurdles ikpeazụ. Na Septemba n'afọ 2017 Miller ga-alaghachi na mahadum iji mụọ maka nzere Master of Laws na iwu azụmahịa mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Balancing books and BUCS: LSBU's gold-medal winning law student|url=https://www.lsbu.ac.uk/about-us/news/balancing-books-and-bucs|work=London South Bank University|accessdate=13 December 2021|language=English|date=4 July 2017}}</ref> Miller sonyere dị ka onye okenye na 2013 British Indoor Athletics Championships, na-etinye nke atọ na 60m hurdles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Athletics European Trials & UK Championships Sheffield 9-10 Feb 13 Results|url=https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=73941&pagenum=2#60H|publisher=Power of 10|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114741/https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=73941&pagenum=2#60H}}</ref> Ọ kwughachiri ọnọdụ a na 2015 British Indoor Athletics Championships.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sainsbury's Indoor British Championships Sheffield 14-15 Feb 15 Results|url=https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=126294&pagenum=2#60HW|publisher=Power of 10|accessdate=2022-07-31|archivedate=2021-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213115021/https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=126294&pagenum=2#60HW}}</ref> Na 2017 British Athletics Championships ọ bịara nke abụọ na 100m hurdles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Championships Birmingham 1-2 Jul 17 Results|url=https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=194571&pagenum=2#100HW|publisher=Power of 10|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114755/https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=194571&pagenum=2#100HW}}</ref> Miller esonyere nhọrọ maka 2018 Commonwealth Games na 2017 site na 0.01 sekọnd, na-agba ọsọ 60m ihe mgbochi na 8.16, mgbe achọrọ oge nke 8.15. N'afọ 2021, ọ kọwara ihe omume ahụ dị ka "ala nkume" nke ọrụ egwuregwu ya. O mechara hụ onye na-ahụ maka egwuregwu.<ref name="podcast">{{Cite web|title=Hello Happiness: Resolve|url=https://player.fm/series/the-wellcome-collection-podcast/hello-happiness-resolve|work=Player FM|publisher=Wellcome Collection|accessdate=13 December 2021|language=en}}</ref> Na 2017 England Athletics Senior Track & Field Championships Miller meriri n'ọnọdụ mbụ na 100m hurdles.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mollie Courtney Claims England Championships Bronze|url=https://athleticsni.org/News/Athletics-NI-News/Mollie-Courtney-Claims-England-Championships-Bronze|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=Athletics Northern Ireland|date=31 July 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nke abụọ na 60m hurdles na 2018 British Indoor Athletics Championships na nke atọ na 100m hurdlas na 2019 British Athletics Championship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Athletics Championships Birmingham 17-18 Feb 18 Results|url=https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=224240&pagenum=2#60H|publisher=Power of 10|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114750/https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=224240&pagenum=2#60H}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=British Championships Birmingham 24-25 Aug 19 Results|url=https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=287414&pagenum=2#100HW|publisher=Power of 10|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114752/https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=287414&pagenum=2#100HW}}</ref> Miller meriri n'ọnọdụ mbụ na 60m hurdles na 2020 British Indoor Athletics Championships.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Miller & King win 60&nbsp;m hurdle golds|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/av/athletics/51601085|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=BBC Sport|date=22 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amy Hunt sprints into senior spotlight with UK 60&nbsp;m win|url=https://athleticsweekly.com/event-news/amy-hunt-senior-spotlight-60&nbsp;m-win-1039928233/|work=Athletics Weekly|accessdate=13 December 2021|date=22 February 2020}}</ref> Mgbe mkpọchi COVID-19 nke 2020 bidoro na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]], Miller enweghị ike iso onye nkuzi ya zụọ. Kama nke ahụ, ọ zụrụ n'ogige ntụrụndụ dị n'ihu ụlọ ya na London, na ụmụaka nọ n'ógbè ahụ na-eso ma na-eṅomi ya na-agba ọsọ.<ref name="podcast"/> Enyi nwoke Miller nyere aka site n'ịhazi oge ọ na-agba ọsọ.<ref name="podcast" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Taking it in her stride|url=https://issuu.com/nikkies/docs/dis_update_issue_8_magazine_oct_201|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=Derbyshire Institute of Sport magazine, issue eight|date=October 2015|language=en}}</ref> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] smwho3y6k9hj5glxuuiyxkk1nz6y9m6 0 19380 692528 309285 2026-07-30T09:32:06Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatou Jeng''' bụ onye na-eto eto na-agba mbọ maka ọdịmma ihu igwe na [[The Gambia|Gambia]], lekwasịrị anya na agụmakwụkwọ, nchekwa na ịkụ osisi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title='We, too, want to be heard,' young African climate champions cry out|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/oped/comment/-we-too-want-to-be-heard-young-african-climate-champions-cry-out-1438298|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=The East African|language=en|archivedate=2021-04-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427104018/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/oped/comment/-we-too-want-to-be-heard-young-african-climate-champions-cry-out-1438298}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fridays for Future: Can they keep the pressure up? {{!}} DW {{!}} 20.08.2020|url=https://www.dw.com/en/cliamte-change-environment-greta-thunberg-merkel-global-strike-climate-action-luisa-neubauer/a-54618006|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=DW.COM|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=Apr 22, 2020|title=Environmental and Climate activist round the world today mark Earth Day demonstrate|work=ptvGambia|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ohtn2Az7aVA}}</ref> A maara ya n'ụwa niile dị ka onye na-ahazi ọrụ ihu igwe ndị ntorobịa na mba ahụ, gụnyere ịnabata National Youth Conference on Climate Change, onye nhazi mba na onye otu ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka Plant-for-the-Planet, na onye nhazi Friday for Future.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-14|title=Gambian Young People Host Road to Nairobi Temperature Check with UNFPA Executive Director, Dr. Natalia Kanem|url=https://gambia.unfpa.org/en/news/gambian-young-people-host-road-nairobi-temperature-check-unfpa-executive-director-dr-natalia|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=UNFPA Gambia|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-05|title=Gambian youth take the lead in tree planting initiatives|url=https://diraj.org/stories/trees/|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=DIRAJ|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117151158/https://diraj.org/stories/trees/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Climate Action Studio SB48: Fatou Jeng final, Plant for the Planet initiative, Gambia|work=UNFCCC Climate Action Studio|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41fh9V3y7yA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Foundation|first=Thomson Reuters|title=We won't let your money destroy our future|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200716204401-3lx1f/|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=news.trust.org}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nhazi, ọkà okwu, na onye enyemaka maka ọtụtụ mmemme mba ya nakwa nke mba ụwa gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe gụnyere COP23 na COP24, Global Landscapes Forum's 2018 Bonn conference, Action for Climate Empowerment Youth Forum 2018, na ndị ọzọ. eng guzobekwara ndị ntorobịa na-eduga na òtù na-enweghị uru Clean Earth Gambia. Ebumnuche nke nzukọ ahụ bụ ime ka a mara banyere nsogbu gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, nke kachasị mkpa bụ mgbanwe ihu igwe. Tinyere ịrụ ọrụ iji kụzie ma zụọ ihe karịrị ụmụakaụkwọ 5narị ise basara mgbanwe ihu igwe yana nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-25|title=Meet the eight African women shaping the future of the continent|url=https://news.globallandscapesforum.org/52527/8-african-women-shaping-the-future/|accessdate=2021-06-20|work=Landscape News|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, n'ọgbakọ UNFCC YOUNGO nke mbụ, ndị nnọchi anya ndị ntorobịa na mkparitaụka maka ịhụ igwe, ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ iri atọ ahọpụtara.<ref>{{Cite news|title=SDG 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts|work=Proceedings 8th [[Economic and Social Council Youth Forum]]|url=https://www.un.org/ecosoc/sites/www.un.org.ecosoc/files/files/en/2019doc/yf2019-SDG13.pdf}}</ref> Na mgbakọ nke United Nations, ọ bụ onye na-akpali itinye iwu n'okpuru okike na mgbanwe ihu igwe yana ọrụ iwu na-eduga maka ụmụ nwanyị na okike. N'afọ 2019, o nyere aka mee ka ndị ntorobịa sonye n'oge izu ihu igwe Africa. Ọ bụ QTV Youth Dialogue Gambian Youth of the Month na Jụn 2019 maka nkwado mgbanwe ihu igwe ya, nke Whatson Gambia kọwara dị ka otu n'ime ndị ntorobịa Gambia ịrị atọ kachasị nwee mmetụta.<ref>{{Cite news|title=YOUTH DIALOGUE 12.06.19|work=QTV Gambia|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhTLZQw4aLI&t=1094s}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Saja|title=The 30 most influential young Gambians of 2019|url=http://www.whatson-gambia.com/index.php/news/2602-the-30-most-influential-young-gambians-of-2019|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=www.whatson-gambia.com|language=en-gb|archivedate=2020-10-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043003/http://www.whatson-gambia.com/index.php/news/2602-the-30-most-influential-young-gambians-of-2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, African Alliance of YMCAs, African Wildlife Fund, na nchịkọta nke ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa na-anaghị achọ uru, nabatara ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi otu nari na-eto eto na-ahụ maka nchekwa. Jeng bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Gambia, ọ bụkwa nwanyị mbụ bụ onye isi oche nke otu ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum ahụ.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gambian Women: Role models for fruitful and equal opportunities {{!}} Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in the UK|url=http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/2020/04/gambian-women-role-models-for-fruitful-and-equal-opportunities/|accessdate=2020-08-26|language=en|archivedate=2020-04-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408045441/http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/2020/04/gambian-women-role-models-for-fruitful-and-equal-opportunities/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-30|title=UTG Elects 1st Female President|url=https://d-infodigest.com/2018/03/30/utg-elects-1st-female-president/|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=The Digest|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-11-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114231527/https://d-infodigest.com/2018/03/30/utg-elects-1st-female-president/}}</ref> Ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ ugbu a na Mahadum Sussex ebe ọ na-agbaso nzere masta ya na gburugburu ebe obibi, mmepe, na iwu. == Ebensidee == {{DEFAULTSORT:Jeng, Fatou}} {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] gtiuq7pdpmu6bunp6rdrknof5gh4j4x 0 19934 692476 97332 2026-07-30T08:36:17Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel|name=Channels Television|logo=|logo_size=200|logo_caption=Channels Television logo|launch_date={{start date|1992}}|picture_format=|network=|owner=[[John Momoh]] (Executive Chairman)<ref name="chtvwinswp">{{cite web|url=http://appablog.wordpress.com/2014/01/08/channels-tv-wins-best-nigerian-tv-award-for-the-eighth-time/|title=Channels TV wins best Nigerian TV award for the eighth time|publisher=APO Source|access-date=22 April 2014}}</ref><br>[[Olusola Momoh]] (Executive Vice-Chairman)|parent=|motto=|country=Nigeria|language=English|area=[[UK]]|affiliates=|headquarters=[[Lagos, Lagos State]], Nigeria|former_names=|replaced=|replaced_by=|sister_channels=|timeshift_service=|website={{URL|channelstv.com}}|terr_serv_1=[[UHF]]|terr_chan_1=Channel 26 (Benin)|terr_serv_2=UHF|terr_chan_2=Channel 31 (Abuja)|terr_serv_3=UHF|terr_chan_3=Channel 39 (Lagos)|terr_serv_4=UHF|terr_chan_4=Channel 45 (Kano)|online_serv_1=channelstv.com/live|online_chan_1=[http://www.channelstv.com/live/ Watch live]<br>{{small|(Available worldwide)}}|online_serv_2=[[TVPlayer]]|online_chan_2=[http://www.tvplayer.com/watch/channels24 Watch live] (UK only)|3gmobile serv 1=}} Channels Television bụ '''ụlọ ọrụ''' mgbasa ozi na-arụ ọrụ na-arụpụta akụkọ na telivishọn na-arụ na [[Lagos]], Naijiria. E hiwere ụlọ ọrụ nne na nna, Channels Incorporated, na afọ 1992, otu afọ tupu gọọmentị Naijiria ewepụ usoro mgbasa ozi. Ọ malitere mgbasa ozi na afọ 1995. Isi ihe ọ na-elekwasị anya bụ ịmepụta akụkọ na mmemme ihe omume ugbu a na nsogbu ụlọ Naijiria. Ebumnache nke Channel bụ ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eche nche na iwu na ọrụ gọọmentị. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E hiwere Channels Television na afọ 1995 dị ka ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn onwe onye<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/nigerian-jet-crashes-with-100-on-board/2006/10/30/1162056875447.html?from=rss|title=Nigerian jet crashes with 100 on board|publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=30 October 2006|accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref> nwere naanị ndị ọrụ 15 site n'aka onye mgbasa ozi na onye ọchụnta ego Naijiria bụ John Momoh na Sola Momoh, onye bụkwa onye mgbasa ozi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/spice/society/once-upon-some-glamour-tv-gals/|title=Once upon some glamour TV gals|work=The punch News|accessdate=August 28, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133411/http://www.punchng.com/spice/society/once-upon-some-glamour-tv-gals/|archivedate=September 24, 2015}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere ọrụ na Lagos, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naịjirịa ma kemgbe ahụ etolitela ịgụnye ọdụ atọ ndị ọzọ na [[Abuja]], [[Ȯra Edo|Edo]] na [[Nkeji Ochíchííwu Kano|Kano]] steeti. O nwekwara ụlọ ọrụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ steeti ọ bụla na Naịjirịa, gụnyere ndị na-agbanye na ndị mmekọ n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ n'Afrika, yana mmekọrịta siri ike na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba ụwa nke na-enye ohere ịnweta ozi gburugburu ụwa. E nyere ọwa ahụ ikikere na Junn, na afọ 1993 ma kenye ya ugboro ugboro na UHF (Channel 39). Ọ malitere izipu afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị n'okpuru aha, "Channels Television", na mgbasa ozi mbụ nke ụwa bụ na 1st nke Julai, na afọ 1995, na John Momoh na-agụ akụkọ akụkọ mbụ. Channels TV na-agbasa ozi ugbu a nye ndị na-ege ntị karịrị nde mmadụ iri abụọ. === Mmechi nke afọ 2008 === Na Septemba, na afọ 2008, Onye isi ala Yar'Adua mechiri Channels Television, onye zigara Ngalaba Nchebe steeti Naịjirịa (SSS) iji mechie ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ma jide ndị isi ya n'ihi akụkọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ banyere ọrịa [[Umaru Yar'Adua|Yar'Adia]]. Akụkọ nke Channels Television kwuru na ọ bụ ozi e nwetara site na News Agency of Nigeria (NAN). Otú ọ dị, mgbe nyocha ahụ gasịrị, NAN kwupụtara na ọwa ahụ enyeghị nkwupụta ọ bụla gbasara onye isi ala ịpụ, kama kama nke ahụ, e mebiri kọmputa ya. Iji mee mkpesa, Channels TV kwụsịrị iji ọrụ waya NAN ruo ụbọchị a. E gosipụtara na ozi ịntanetị nke Channels TV natara bụ aghụghọ sitere na kọmputa dị na [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]]. Minista na-ahụ maka ozi na Naịjirịa, John Odey, nyere BBC nkwupụta ahụ na-ekwusi ike na gọọmentị were iwe maka akụkọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriancuriosity.com/2008/09/channels-tv-shut-down-by-yaradua.html|title=Channels TV Shut Down by Yar'Adua|publisher=Nigerian Curiosity|date=17 September 2008|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2008/09/17/drama-behind-closure-channels-television|title=The Drama Behind Closure of Channels Television|publisher=Sahara Reporters|date=17 September 2008|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref> == Mmepụta == Ndị otu Channels Television emepụtala mmemme mmemme, nke natara otuto na mba ahụ dum. Ihe nkiri vidio nke ihe omume na ihe na-eme na Naịjirịa, nke ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi Channels Television gbara, ejirila ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe site na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị ka BBC, CNN na ITN. A na-ewere usoro ihe omume ya, "News at Ten", dị ka akụkọ kachasị ewu ewu na nke a na-ele anya na Naịjirịa. Kemgbe afọ 2009, Channels Television na-ahazi ma na-akwado "Channels National Kids Cup", ihe omume [[Teslim Balogun Stadium|egwuregwu]] maka ụmụaka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ si steeti iri na isii nke Naịjirịa nke emere na Teslim Balogun Stadium na Lagos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/05/16-schools-for-channels-national-kids-cup/|title=16 schools for Channels National Kids cup|publisher=Vanguard|date=20 May 2013|accessdate=25 October 2014|author=Ajom, Jacob}}</ref> Onye isi njikwa nke Channels Television, Steve Judo, kwuru na Channels Television bụ mgbasa ozi na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma n'ihi ya họọrọ itinye aka na mmepe nke bọọlụ site na mgbọrọgwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/sports/channels-national-kids-cup-kicks-off/|title=Channels National Kids Cup kicks off|publisher=Punch|date=21 May 2014|accessdate=25 October 2014|author=Busari, Kazeem|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025224844/http://www.punchng.com/sports/channels-national-kids-cup-kicks-off/|archivedate=25 October 2014}}</ref> === 2012 Bọmbụ Naijiria === Na Jenụwarị, na afọ 2012, a gbagburu onye nta akụkọ Enenche Akogwu, onye na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na Kano maka Channels Television, mgbe ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere mwakpo a haziri ahazi n'ebe ahụ nke òtù Islamist siri ike a maara dị ka Boko Haram kwuru. Dị ka ndị ọrụ ibe ya si kwuo, Akogwu pụtara mgbe a gbasịrị bọmbụ wee malite ise ihe nkiri nke ìgwè mmadụ gbakọtara n'ebe ahụ n'amaghị na ha bụ ndị òtù nzuzo ji égbè.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/2-journalists-killed-nigeria-amid-unrest-104842430.html|title=2 journalists killed in Nigeria amid unrest|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=21 January 2012|accessdate=24 October 2014|author=Gambrell, Jon}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Channels_TV_headquarters.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Channels_TV_headquarters.jpg/300px-Channels_TV_headquarters.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Isi ụlọ ọrụ Channel TV]] == Onyinye na mmata == * A na-akpọ ya "Best Station of the Year" ugboro iri na abụọ (2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 & 2016) site na Federal Republic of Nigeria's Media Merit Award Trust<ref name="Ctvoaw">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/157/66/107278.html|title=Channels TV once again wins best Nigerian TV award|publisher=Biz Community|accessdate=22 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ctv8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriacommunicationsweek.com.ng/broadcasting/channels-tv-wins-best-nigerian-tv-award-for-the-8th-time|title=Channels TV Wins Best Nigerian TV Award for the 8th Time|publisher=Nigeria Communications Week|accessdate=22 April 2014}}</ref> * 2013: E nyere ya "Ụlọ ọrụ TV kacha mma n'Africa" site na African Achievers Awards, Achievers Media<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanachieversawards.net/winners-2014/|title=africanachieversawards.net|work=www.africanachieversawards.net|accessdate=2014-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406012513/http://www.africanachieversawards.net/winners-2014/|archivedate=2015-04-06}}</ref> * 2013: A na-akpọ ya "Ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn kachasị mma na Mgbasa Ozi" site na Advertising Practitioners Council of Nigeria [citation needed] * 2013: E nyere ya onyinye "Jam Feast" nke Ministri Mmụta nke Lagos State maka enyemaka ya maka ndị ntorobịa mepụtara na mmepe agụmakwụkwọ [citation needed] * 2013: "Akụkọ Kasị Mma Banyere Ahụike Nne" site na Society of Gynaecology And Obstetrics Of Nigeria (Sogon) [citation needed] * 2013: Onyinye Ịdị Mma nke Ọrụ Ndị Ahịa na Mgbasa Ozi [citation needed] == Njikọ == N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2014, Tezuka Productions na Channels TV jikọrọ aka na mgbasa ozi 8 nke Astro Boy, Little Astro Boy. Na Fraịde, 14 Ọgọstụ, na afọ 2015, ''Deutsche Welle'' kwuru na ya na "Channels TV" bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta iji gosipụta ọdịnala ogologo oge nke igosi echiche dị mma banyere Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.communicationsafrica.com/broadcast/nigeria-s-channel-television-partners|title=Nigeria's Channel Television partners Deutsche Welle|work=Communicatio|accessdate=August 27, 2015}}</ref> Peter Limbourg, onye isi nchịkwa nke Deutsche Welle kọwara Channels TV dị ka nnukwu ''ụlọ ọrụ'' telivishọn na onye mmekọ zuru oke maka ''Deutsche Welle''. Limbourg kwuru "Anyị nọ na ''Deutsche Welle'' chere na anyị ga-akọ akụkọ banyere nnukwu ihe na-eme n'Africa, ọkachasị na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/dw-and-nigerias-channels-tv-announce-major-cooperation/a-18592296|title=DW and Nigeria’s Channels TV announce major cooperation|work=dw.com|accessdate=August 27, 2015}}</ref> John Momoh, Chief Executive Officer nke Channels TV kọwara mmekọrịta ahụ dị ka "E si n'eluigwe mee".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribuneonlineng.com/channels-tv-deutsche-welle-dw-sign-strategic-partnership-deal|title=Channels TV, Deutsche Welle signed partnership agreements|work=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=August 27, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906115000/http://tribuneonlineng.com/channels-tv-deutsche-welle-dw-sign-strategic-partnership-deal#|archivedate=2015-09-06}}</ref> O kwuru, sị, "Nke a bụ akụkụ nke atụmatụ anyị iji kọọ akụkọ Afrịka, ọkachasị nke Naịjirịa, site n'echiche Afrịka ka anyị ghara ịhapụ isi ihe a nke nkọwa nke onye anyị bụ, ihe anyị na-eme na ihe kpatara ya, nye ndị ọzọ ka anyị gwa maka anyị".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/channels-tv-deutch-welle-in-content-sharing-arrangement/214941/|title=Channels TV, Deutsche Welle signed partnership agreements|work=Thisdaylive|accessdate=August 27, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819040659/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/channels-tv-deutch-welle-in-content-sharing-arrangement/214941/#|archivedate=2015-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/2015/07/channels-tv-deutsche-welle-partner-for-better-balanced-reporting-on-africa/|title=Channels TV, Deutsche Welle partner for better, balanced reporting on Africa|work=The Guardian News|accessdate=August 27, 2015}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2015, Channels TV bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta na United Nations na akụkọ. Ban Ki-moon, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nation, nọchitere anya United Nation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsafricanow.com/2015/08/channels-tv-signs-mou-with-united-nations-3/|title=Channels TV Signs MoU With United Nations|work=News Africa Now|accessdate=August 27, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906131921/http://newsafricanow.com/2015/08/channels-tv-signs-mou-with-united-nations-3/|archivedate=September 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/2015/08/25/channels-tv-signs-mou-with-united-nations/|title=United Nations, Channels Television Sign Broadcast Agreement|work=Channels TV|accessdate=August 27, 2015}}</ref> == Ihe omume == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width: 96%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" !Ihe omume<br /><br /><br /><br /> !Ụbọchị ikuku !Oge !Ndị na-eme ihe ngosi<br /><br /><br /><br /> |- |''Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Kwa Ụbọchị'' |Ụbọchị izu |7 ụtụtụ |Chamberlain UsohMaupe OgunGimba Umar<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> Okikiolu Ayo Makinde |- |''Ọwụwa anyanwụ na Satọdee'' |Satọdee |9 nke ụtụtụ |Nneotaobasi Egbe Alero Edu<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/spice/society/once-upon-some-glamour-tv-galshttp://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/my-oga-at-the-top-syndrome-1//|title=My oga at the top syndrome|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=August 28, 2015}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> |- |''Ụtụtụ Azụmaahịa'' |Ụbọchị izu |elekere iri nke ụtụtụ |Boason Omofaye/ Chimezie Obi-Iweagu |- |''ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Taa'' |Sọnde |8 nke mgbede |Seun Okinbaloye |- |''Egwuregwu Ụtụtụ A'' |Ụbọchị izu |9 nke ụtụtụ |Cecilia OmorogbeAustin Okon-AkpanYemi Adebayo<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> |- |''Ihu n'ihu'' |Wednesdays |8 nke mgbede |Nneotaobasi Egbe |- |''Channels Book Club'' |Tuesdays |3:30 nke mgbede |Olakunle Kasunmu |- |''Ụzọ Ndị Na-esi Ememme Okwuchukwu'' |Mọnde |8:30 nke mgbede |Amarachi Ubani |- |''Ụgbọelu Izu a'' |Sọnde |elekere itoolu nke ehihie |Bukola Joe-Oketumbi |} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn na Naịjirịa * Ndepụta nke ọwa akụkọ * Ndepụta nke netwọk telivishọn site na mba == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website [[Òtù:Ụlọ ọkụ mgbasa ozi na Lagos]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 46xww1ldsrjv26d36z24a5qsrolr3mv 0 20147 692092 148844 2026-07-29T13:15:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Ugba (Sliced African Oil bean Seed).jpg|thumb|Ugba]] == Ugba == [[Usòrò:A plate of homemade àbàchà.jpg|thumb|Ugba na Abacha ]] Ugba, bu nri ndị igbo nke ana-akpokwa Ukpaka. ọ bụ nri ama n'etiti ndị Igbo na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Naijiria. Ugba bụ mgwa ihe a na-eji esi nri na ịkwadebe ụfọdụ nri ọdịnala. N'ala Igbo, a na-eji ugba eme Abacha (nke a na-akpọ African salad), gwakọta ya na azụ̀ esiri esi, ka e kwuo ole na ole.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How It Is Made Ugba:The Heart Of Traditional Igbo Meals and other ethnic|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/how-it-is-made-ugba-the-heart-of-traditional-igbo-meals/|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2022-02-16|accessdate=2022-09-24|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924151057/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/how-it-is-made-ugba-the-heart-of-traditional-igbo-meals/}}</ref> == Uru Ahụike == [[Usòrò:Oilbean in preparation.jpg|thumb|Ugba]] Ugba bara ezigbo uru na-edozi ndị na-eri ya ahụ.Ugba bụ ezigbo isi iyi nke protein, ọ bụkwa ezigbo isi iyi ike, amino acid, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, vitamin, calcium, manganese na ọla kọpa. Ọ bara ụba na phytochemical dị ka; Tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, glycosidase na saponins.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Make Boiled Yam & Ugba Sauce (African Oil-Bean Seed)|url=https://www.royacshop.com/2865-how-to-make-boiled-yam-ugba-sauce-african-oil-bean-seed.html|work=Royac Shop|date=2020-04-09|accessdate=2022-09-24|language=en-US|author=Ed Brown|archivedate=2022-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924151100/https://www.royacshop.com/2865-how-to-make-boiled-yam-ugba-sauce-african-oil-bean-seed.html}}</ref> ta6ik4ngdr8bpt7bkp1n1u336hxrt23 0 20179 692261 97825 2026-07-29T18:01:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692261 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vitafoam Nigeria Plc''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ụfụfụ nke dị na Lagos, Naijiria. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ụfụfụ na Naịjirịa, na-emepụta ngwaahịa polyurethane na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke siri ike.<ref>White, Liz. "High energy & materials costs hurt Nigeria's foamers: smaller foamers in Nigeria are struggling in a market where all raw materials have to be imported." Urethanes Technology International, June-July 2009, p. 26</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwekwara mmasị na Vitafoam [[Ghana]] na Vitafoum [[Sierra Leone]]. N'afọ 2011, ọ banyere n'ime njikọ aka na onye na-asọmpi, Vono Products tupu ọ zụta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-partners-nigerian-foam-company/|title=Vitafoam partners Nigerian foam company - Utech-polyurethane.com|work=Utech-polyurethane.com|language=en-GB|accessdate=2018-07-13|archivedate=2022-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927124849/https://www.utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-partners-nigerian-foam-company}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-nigeria-profits-up-in-2016/|title=Vitafoam Nigeria profits up in 2016 - Utech-polyurethane.com|work=Utech-polyurethane.com|language=en-GB|accessdate=2018-07-13|archivedate=2019-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018222025/https://www.utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-nigeria-profits-up-in-2016}}</ref> Ịzụta Vono Products mụbara òkè ụlọ ọrụ nke ahịa oche. N'afọ 2000, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbasaa ngwaahịa ya site na itinye ego na nhọrọ ụra nke oge a nke anọ n'ime ndị enyemaka ya na-achịkwa ugbu a: Vitapur, Vitagreen, Vitavisco na Vitablom.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201503200174.html|title=Nigeria: Vitafoam to Expand Product Line|author=Egwuatu|first=Peter|date=2015-03-20|work=Vanguard (Lagos)|accessdate=2018-07-13}}</ref> Vitapaur na-enye ihe owuwu na-egbochi mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-behind-nigerian-project-create-eco-friendly-homes-less-eur-17000/|title=Vitafoam behind Nigerian project to create eco-friendly homes for less than EUR 17,000 - Utech-polyurethane.com|work=Utech-polyurethane.com|language=en-GB|accessdate=2018-07-13|archivedate=2021-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126084133/https://www.utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-behind-nigerian-project-create-eco-friendly-homes-less-eur-17000}}</ref> British Vita guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1962 na mmekorita ya na onye na-ekesa mpaghara G.B. Ollivant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/british-vita-plc-history/|title=History of British Vita plc – FundingUniverse|work=www.fundinguniverse.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-07-13}}</ref> Mmepụta nke akwa ụfụfụ latex na matarasị malitere na afọ 1963 na Ikeja Industrial Estate.<ref>"Vitafoam in Nigeria." Financial Times, 12 Nov. 1962, p. 11. The Financial Times Historical Archive, </ref> N'okpuru iwu ọhụrụ dị irè na afọ 1978, British Vita belatara ego ya site na 50% ruo 20%. == Edenside == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Kompani no na Lagos]] [[Òtù:Kompani no na Naijiria]] ghc45ofig8v90qc2mtglygvwlcybql7 0 20495 692262 212322 2026-07-29T18:03:11Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Faịlụ:Coat of arms of Felix Femi Ajakaye.svg|thumb]] '''Felix Femi Ajakaye''' bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik nke Naijiria. == Ndụ == A mụrụ Ajakaye na 25 Mee 1962 na [[Ibadan]]. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ụkọchukwu nke Diocese nke Ekiti na 12 Julaị 2008 ma mee ya bishọp nke diocese na 17 Eprel 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Ekiti, Nigeria|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/ekit0.htm|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=GCatholic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AFRICA/NIGERIA - Coadjutor Bishop of Ekiti appointed - Agenzia Fides|url=http://www.fides.org/en/news/13216-AFRICA_NIGERIA_Coadjutor_Bishop_of_Ekiti_appointed|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=www.fides.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bishop Felix Femi Ajakaye [Catholic-Hierarchy]|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bajakaye.html|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref> Ọ zọpụtara ndị Kraịst site n'aka ndị chọrọ ịgbụ ha na Barkin Ladi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=President berates universities for monetising honorary awards|url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20190906110454257|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=University World News}}</ref> == Ọrụ == * Beyond Ideas (Y Books, Ibadan; 2016),<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-08|title=In Beyond Ideas, Ajakaye’s offers divine springboard for success|url=https://t.guardian.ng/art/in-beyond-ideas-ajakayes-offers-divine-springboard-for-success/|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009080914/https://t.guardian.ng/art/in-beyond-ideas-ajakayes-offers-divine-springboard-for-success/}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ọnọdụ nke Mba; Nchegbu Onye ụkọchukwu 2018 {{DEFAULTSORT:Ajakaye, Felix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1962]] ffxwm73qwvpcy2nlh189ky9wkl9h8t6 0 20582 692400 148698 2026-07-29T22:56:15Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Ejike Camillus Anthony Ebenezer Mbaka'''<ref>{{Cite web|author=Abati|first=Reuben|date=2016-02-05|title=Mbaka: Priest, politician or renegade?|url=https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/mbaka-priest-politician-or-renegade/|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> nke a maara dị ka '''Nna Mbaka''' bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik, onye na-eti egwu na onye guzobere Adoration Ministries, [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Amaechi|first=Ikechukwu|date=2018-12-06|title=Mbaka : The priest and controversy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/mbaka-the-priest-and-controversy/|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref> A maara ya maka ịbụ otu n'ime ndị isi okpukpe a ma ama na mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-10|title=How popular Nigerian priest, Father Mbaka church members attack BBC reporters|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-55259050|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ na nzụlite == A mụrụ Mbaka na Amata Ituku na [[Awgu]] Local Government Area nke Enugu State, ebe ya na ezinụlọ ya bụ ndị na-etinye mmanya nkwụ tolitere.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-08|title=Untold story of Rev Fr. Mbaka|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/untold-story-of-rev-fr-mbaka/|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị St. Vincent, Agbogugu na Awgu Local Government Area nke Enugu State maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndary ya.<ref name=":0" /> == Ịbụ ụkọchukwu == Mbaka gara Seat of Wisdom Seminary, Owerri, Imo State na St Josephīs Seminary [[Ikot Ekpene]] na [[Ȯra Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom]] State, ebe a zụrụ ya maka ọrụ ụkọchukwu.<ref name=":0"/> Na 29 Julaị 1995, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ụkọchukwu nke Chọọchị Roman Katọlik, n'usoro nke Melchizedek.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Salaudeen|first=Omoniyi|date=2020-01-19|title=Fr. Ejike Mbaka: Fiery priest thriving on controversial prophecies|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/fr-ejike-mbaka-fiery-priest-thriving-on-controversial-prophecies/|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Arụmụka == === Nkwado a na-ekwu na ọ kwadoro Buhari na ntuli aka 2015 === Na 31 Disemba 2014, Mbaka gwara ọgbakọ na onye isi ala nke oge ahụ bụ [[Goodluck Jonathan|Goodluck Ebele Jonathan]] enweghi ike igbochi oke enweghị nchebe na nrụrụ aka na mba ahụ, ma gbaa ha ume ka ha tụgharịa vootu maka nchịkwa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-01-03|title=Full Transcript of Catholic Priest Ejike Mbaka’s fierce attack on President Jonathan {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/174195-full-transcript-catholic-priest-ejike-mbakas-fierce-attack-president-jonathan.html|accessdate=2022-04-15|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-30|title=Buhari hails Father Mbaka's courage, patriotism in run-up to 2015 elections {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/187479-buhari-hails-father-mbakas-courage-patriotism-in-run-up-to-2015-elections.html|accessdate=2022-04-15|language=en-GB}}</ref> Arịrịọ Fr. Mbaka maka mgbanwe na nchịkwa na-agbakọta na ozi amụma ya. Fr. Mbaka anọwo na-eduzi, na-adụ ọdụ ma na-adọ aka ná ntị na nchịkwa ọ bụla na Naịjirịa kemgbe a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ụkọchukwu Roman Katọlik. === Ịchọta ụgwọ maka ịkwado Buhari === N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel 2021, Mbaka kpọrọ [[Muhammadu Buhari|Onye isi ala Buhari]] ka ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm n'ọfịs ya n'ihi enweghị nchebe na-akawanye njọ na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-29|title=Mbaka calls for Buhari's impeachment over rising insecurity|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/mbaka-calls-for-buharis-impeachment-over-rising-insecurity/|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003134055/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/mbaka-calls-for-buharis-impeachment-over-rising-insecurity/}}</ref> N'ịzaghachi oku Mbaka, Onye isi ala Naijiria wepụtara nkwupụta site na Garba Shehu na Mbaka na-ekwu na iwe ji n'ihi na Onye isi ala Buhari leghaara arịrịọ ya maka nkwekọrịta anya mgbe ọ rịọrọ maka nkwekọ dịka ụgwọ maka nkwado ya na 2015 na 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-30|title=Mbaka asked for contracts, Buhari refused; that's why he's angry - Presidency|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/458720-mbaka-asked-for-contracts-buhari-refused-thats-why-hes-angry-presidency.html|accessdate=2022-04-15|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Akụkọ banyere esemokwu ya na Ebube Muonso === E kwuru na e nwere ihe omume nke asọmpi, na étíti father Mbaka na father Ebube Muonso, mana ndị Reverend Fathers Mbaka na Emmanuel Obimma(Ebube Muonso gbaghaara asịrị ụgha a.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-13|title=I've no rift with Fr Mbaka -Fr Obimma|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/ive-no-rift-fr-mbaka-fr-obimma/|accessdate=2022-04-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Chukindi|first=Joe|date=2017-09-13|title=Fifth columnists‎ behind my perceived rift with Fr. Mbaka - Fr. Obimma|url=https://dailypost.ng/2017/09/13/fifth-columnists-behind-perceived-rift-fr-mbaka-fr-obimma/|accessdate=2022-04-30|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mbaka, Father}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1o4uf9rxcwcp0d55d25eusmojulurn1 0 22394 692607 451879 2026-07-30T11:38:16Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Flora Natumanya''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Uganda, onye omeiwu na onye nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị maka mpaghara Kikuube na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke iri na otu nke Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNRA staff cited in disputes|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/114058|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=New Vision|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-06|title=Inside Oulanyah’s hunt for Speaker job|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/inside-oulanyah-s-hunt-for-speaker-job--3314162|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Natumanya Flora - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls|url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/may-2017-kagoma-mp-by-election/candidates/natumanya-flora-10418/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=visiblepolls.org|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Tushabe|first=Nasa|date=2021-01-18|title=Full List of Winners and Losers of 2021 Member of Parliament Elections|url=https://pearlpost.co.ug/news/politics/list-of-winners-and-losers-of-2021-member-of-parliament-elections/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=The Pearl Post|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-03-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308132912/https://pearlpost.co.ug/news/politics/list-of-winners-and-losers-of-2021-member-of-parliament-elections/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Members of the 11th Parliament of Uganda|url=https://frontnewsonline.com/members-of-the-11th-parliament-of-uganda/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=Frontnews Online|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819073346/https://frontnewsonline.com/members-of-the-11th-parliament-of-uganda/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Resolutions of the National Resistance Movement Central Executive Committee|url=https://www.nrm.ug/news/resolutions-national-resistance-movement-central-executive-committee|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=Resolutions of the National Resistance Movement Central Executive Committee {{!}} National Resistance Movement|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=NRM CEC Confirms Rukutana, Muheesi, Rwamirama Victory|url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-cec-confirms-rukutana-muheesi-rwamirama-victory/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=ChimpReports|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Natumanya meriri Tophas Kahwa na ntuli aka NRM iji bụrụ onye na-ebu ọkọlọtọ NRM na ntuliaka mba nke 2021, ntuli aka ọ meriri iji bụrụ onye nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị maka Kikuube District na Nzukọ nke iri na otu nke Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|title="I beat Tophas Kahwa in this Election" Flora Natumanya – Eizooba – Amakuru Ga'Bunyoro|url=https://eizooba.co.ug/i-beat-tophas-kahwa-in-this-election-flora-natumanya/|accessdate=2022-04-06|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505043109/https://eizooba.co.ug/i-beat-tophas-kahwa-in-this-election-flora-natumanya/}}</ref> Ọ na-anọdụ na Kọmitii ndị omeiwu na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na akụrụngwa na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke iri na otu nke Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Committee on Environment and Natural Resources – Parliament Watch|url=https://parliamentwatch.ug/committees/committee-on-environment-and-natural-resources/|accessdate=2022-04-06|language=en-US}}</ref> Natumanya jụrụ ajụjụ banyere ihe gọọmentị Uganda ga-eme iji belata ọnụego a na-eji ájá eme ihe na Kọmitii na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na akụrụngwa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-09|title=Govt plans to gazette sand as a mineral|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-plans-to-gazette-sand-as-a-mineral--3646202|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-07|title=Gov’t Considers Gazetting Sand, Murram As Minerals|url=https://businessfocus.co.ug/govt-considers-gazetting-sand-murram-as-minerals/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=Business Focus|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-09|title=SAND AND MURRUM TO BE GAZETTED AS MINERALS-MINISTER LOKERIS|url=https://endigyitofm.com/2021/12/09/sand-and-murrum-to-be-gazetted-as-minerals-minister-lokeris/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=Endyigito FM|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-10-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016145816/https://endigyitofm.com/2021/12/09/sand-and-murrum-to-be-gazetted-as-minerals-minister-lokeris/}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị ọzọ == Natumanya nyere ndị mmadụ ụgbọala ise ka ha rụọ ọrụ dị ka ụgbọala ndị ọrụ ahụike na Kikuube District. Ọ gwakwara ndị obodo Kikuube District na ọ ga-eji ya na-ebu mmanụ ụgbọala nakwa na ọ ga na-akwụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala nke ụgbọala ndị ahụ ụgwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-26|title=MP Flora Natumanya donates 5 salon cars to act as medical vans in Kikuube District|url=https://www.nowippress.com/2021/09/26/mp-flora-natumanya-donates-5-salon-cars-to-act-as-medical-vans-in-kikuube-district/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=Nowip Press|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204051135/https://www.nowippress.com/2021/09/26/mp-flora-natumanya-donates-5-salon-cars-to-act-as-medical-vans-in-kikuube-district/}}</ref> == Ebensidee == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Natumanya, Flora}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8kq3wa32jbxs0ns2btum036o7zt8rm6 0 22639 692302 180284 2026-07-29T18:56:29Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maria''' de Fátima da Veiga (amụrụ na Juun 22, na afọ 1957) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye nnọchi anya mba Cape Verde. Veiga bụ minista na-ahụ maka mba ofesi site n'afọ 2002 ruo afọ 2004. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ bụ minista mba ọzọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Cape Verde. A mụrụ Veiga na agwaetiti São Vicente . O mechara gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu gụnyere Mahadum Aix-en-Provence na ndịda France, German Foundation na Berlin, Prague na [[Brazil]]. N'afọ 1980, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ maka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'èzí na Cape Verde. N'agbata afọ 2001 na afọ 2002, ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya Cape Verde na Cuba. Mgbe ọ bụ minista mba ọzọ, ọ gara Paris site na Jenụwarị 9 ruo 12, na afọ 2002. Ruo afọ ole na ole na afọ 2007 ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya Cape Verde na United States. O nyere onye isi ala George Bush asambodo ya n'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2007.<ref name="diplist">{{Cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/cpr/rls/dpl/29710.htm|title=Diplomatic List: Order of Precedence and Date of Presentation of Credentials|accessdate=2009-01-04|date=December 17, 2008|publisher=United States Department of State}}</ref> Kemgbe Febụwarị 20, na afọ 2014, ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya Cape Verde na France. Ọ nọchiri José Armando Filomeno Ferreira Duarte onye bụ onye nnọchi anya kacha nọrọ ogologo oge na [[France]]. == Ihe edeturu == {{Reflist}}{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{succession box|title=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Cape Verde)|Foreign Minister of Cape Verde]]|years=2002–2004|before=[[Manuel Inocêncio Sousa]]|after=[[Víctor Borges]]}} {{succession box|title=Capeverdean Ambassador to France|years=2014–present|before=José Armando Filomeno Ferreira Duarte|after=''Incumbent''}} {{s-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Veiga, Fátima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ọmụmụ afọ 1957]] 6c5owypt92paxxw1sfbcws5u9jmqf24 0 22705 692397 540394 2026-07-29T22:52:29Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatema Abdul Majeed Hameed Gerashi''', (amụrụ na 26 Machị 1986), bụ onye na-egwu mmiri na Bahraini. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nọchitere anya Bahrain na Olimpik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/lists/99/manual|title=First female competitors at the Olympics by country|work=Olympedia|accessdate=8 June 2020}}</ref> Ọ nọchitere anya mba ya na 2000 Summer Olympics na Sydney, na-asọmpi na asọmpi mita 50 nke ụmụ nwanyị. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, ọ bụ onye kachasị nta na asọmpi nke ihe omume ọ bụla na mba ọ bụla na Sydney Games.<ref name="CNN">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121022233057/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/news/2000/09/23/anderson_arab_women/ "Arab women make breakthrough at Games"], CNN, September 23, 2000</ref> Ọ gwụchara ọsọ ahụ na oge nke 51.15, na-emecha ihe karịrị sekọnd iri na abụọ n'ihu Paula Barila Bolopa nke [[Equatorial Guinea]], mana a napụrụ ya ikike, a kọrọ na ọ na-agbagharị na blọk mmalite, nke a na-ewere dị ka mmalite ụgha n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị onye asọmpi mbụ ịbanye na mmiri.<ref name="Trio">[https://web.archive.org/web/20010111075500/http://www.times-olympics.co.uk/communities/swimming/swimmingrepor53.html "Trio of try-hards splash their way into our hearts"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20010111075500/http://www.times-olympics.co.uk/communities/swimming/swimmingrepor53.html |date=2001-01-11 }},</ref> The Times toro ya "mmụọ Olimpik" na ya "ọsọ obi ike, nke nwere nkà na ụzụ". ''The Guardian'' n'otu aka ahụ toro òkè ya dị ka ihe kwekọrọ na "ezi mmụọ nke Olimpik".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sydney/story/0,,372107,00.html "Debut girl falls foul of gulf in international standards"], ''The Guardian'', September 23, 2000</ref> The Daily Telegraph kọwara ya dị ka "onye ọsụ ụzọ maka ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba Arab na egwuregwu ebe iwepụ uwe nke [[Àlakụ̀ba|ndị]] na-eme ihe nkiri na-akpata nsogbu okpukpe na ọdịbendị. " Akụkọ na-ekwu na ntinye aka ya bụ akụkụ nke mbọ gọọmentị Bahraini na-agba iji kwalite "ịha nhata na egwuregwu".https://archive.today/20010111075500/http://www.times-olympics.co.uk/communities/swimming/swimmingrepor53.htmlỌ bụ, n'ezie, - ya na onye na-agba ọsọ Mariam Mohamed Hadi Al Hilli- otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ na-asọmpi na-anọchite anya Bahrain na Olimpik - ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ agbaala asọmpi maka Bahrain na track and field na Paralympic Games na 1984.<ref name="Children">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2000/09/21/sphay21.xml "Children of the pool fast-tracked into the big time"]{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, ''The Telegraph'', July 11, 2000</ref></ref> == Hụkwa == * Mariam Mohamed Hadi Al Hilli * Bahrain na 2000 Summer Olympics * Francois Latil, onye kacha okenye na asọmpi Olimpik nke Sydney, ebe Gerashi bụ onye kacha nta == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gerashi, Fatema Hameed}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pbzfqw80wbwnwlla2lg8naod3ozelkp 0 22730 692538 199315 2026-07-30T09:39:28Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatima Talib''' (Arabic: , amụrụ na 1 Jenụwarị 1928) bụ onye nkụzi Sudanese na onye na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị nke kpọkọtara nzukọ mbụ naanị ụmụ nwanyị na Sudan. == Ịgba mbọ == N'afọ 1946, ya na ndị enyi ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na Gordon Memorial College, Mahasin Abed Alaal na Khalda Zahir, Talib guzobere Women's Cultural Society (''Jam'ee'yat alfata'yat althaqa'fia'') na Omdurman. E mere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ iji kụziere ma nye ụmụ nwanyị ike ma nye ha nkwado ọha na eze.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://bluenilstate.blogspot.com/2013/05/between-pioneer-of-sudan-also-woman.html|title=Blue Nile state : BETWEEN THE PIONEER OF SUDAN ALSO A WOMAN.|author=Unknown|date=2013-05-10|work=Blue Nile state|accessdate=2019-12-09}}</ref> Iji rụọ ọrụ, ọha mmadụ chọrọ nkwado nke ndị ọchịchị Britain, ya mere a na-akpọsa ya naanị dị ka nchegbu ọha na eze, agbanyeghị na ọ nwere ihe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ụmụ nwanyị itoolu sonyeere ozugbo, mana mmekọrịta ahụ dịgidere naanị afọ abụọ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+history+of+Sudanese+women+organizations+and+the+strive+for...-a084344532|title=A history of Sudanese women organizations and the strive for liberation and empowerment. - Free Online Library|work=www.thefreelibrary.com|accessdate=2019-12-09}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndụ ya dị mkpụmkpụ, ọ dị mkpa n'ihi na ọ bụ nzukọ mbụ ụmụ nwanyị guzobere na Sudan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sdx78njl-xYC&pg=PR9&dq=Fatima+Talib+sudan#q=Fatima%20Talib|title=African Women's Health|author=Turshen|first=Meredeth|date=2000|publisher=Africa World Press|isbn=978-0-86543-812-5|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 1949, Talib ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ so na Muslim Brotherhood.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/muslim-sisters-organization|title=Muslim Sisters Organization {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|work=www.encyclopedia.com|accessdate=2019-12-09}}</ref> Ụmụnne nwanyị si n'ezinụlọ Al-Mahdi sonyeere ya ma ha abụọ guzobere Women's Development Society.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?subId=26&Id=567|title=1st January Sudan National Day: Women Role In Independence Movement{{!}} Sudanow Magazine|work=sudanow-magazine.net|accessdate=2019-12-09|archivedate=2020-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521043212/http://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?subId=26&Id=567}}</ref> N'afọ 1952, ya na Khalda Zahir, Hajja Kashif Badri, na ndị ọzọ, Talib guzobere Sudanese Women's Union (الاتحاد النسائي السوداني ''al Etihaad al Nisaa'i alSudani''). E mere nzukọ a iji jikọta ma kwalite nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị. Kọmitii ndị isi mbụ bụ Fatima Talib Isma'il, Khalida Zahir na Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim.<ref name=":0"/> Talib bụ onye isi ala nke Union site na 1952-6.<ref name=":2"/> Ntọala nke Union bụ otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa na ọgụ megide ọchịchị ndị na-achị na Sudan. O mere ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee ike ịhazi iji ghọta ma chebe ikike mmekọrịta ha, akụ na ụba na nke obodo.<ref name=":2" /> E guzobere ya n'okpuru echiche pan-Africanist na nke socialist. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Talib na 1 Jenụwarị 1928 na Al-Rank, na ndịda Sudan. Nna ya bụ onye isi ndị agha bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na mgbanwe nke 1924.<ref name=":2"/> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Unity High School na Khartoum ma site n'ebe ahụ bụ nwanyị mbụ si Sudan nwetara nzere na Mahadum London.<ref name=":1"/> == Ọrụ == Talib bụ nwanyị mbụ na Sudan ghọrọ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. N'oge ọrụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Yemen, na-enye atụmatụ maka agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name=":1"/> N'afọ 2004, a gbara Talib ajụjụ ọnụ banyere ọrụ ya na nkwado ụmụ nwanyị Sudan.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Abusharaf|first=Rogaia Mustafa|date=2004|title="The Shadow of A Man is not better than the Shadow of A Wall": The Uses of Anthropology in Understanding Women's Human Rights and Struggles in the Sudan|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0976343020040101|journal=The Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man|language=en|volume=4|issue=1|pages=1–19|doi=10.1177/0976343020040101|issn=0972-558X}}</ref> == Ebensidee == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Talib, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9wi11vp1dwlrz6fv6ww2y8yo0dtw8in 0 22861 692518 164357 2026-07-30T09:24:58Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Fatima Marouan, nke a na-akpọkwa '''Fatema Marouane''', (amụrụ n'afọ 1952) bụ dọkịta Moroccan, onye isi azụmaahịa na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Site na afo 2002 ruo na afọ 2005, ọ bụ onye isi nke Endocrinology na Metabolic Diseases nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Ibn Rochd na Casablanca.<ref name="bloomberg">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=49764805&privcapId=47112351&previousCapId=106884418&previousTitle=Uteron%20Pharma%20SPRL|title=Fatima Marouan|publisher=Bloomberg|accessdate=16 October 2018|language=}}</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, n'okpuru ọchịchị nke Praịm Minista Abdelilah Benkirane, site n'October na afọ 2013 ruo Eprel, na afọ 2017 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Minista nke Crafts na Social Economy dị ka onye otu National Rally of Independents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mapexpress.ma/actualite/activite-gouvernementale/biographie-de-mme-fatema-marouane-ministre-de-lartisanat-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire/|title=Biographie de Mme Fatema Marouane : ministre de l'Artisanat, de l'Economie sociale et solidaire|publisher=MAP Express|date=10 October 2013|accessdate=16 October 2018|language=French}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ ya na afọ 1952 na Benslimane n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Casablanca, Fatima Maroun gụrụ ọgwụ na Mahadum Lyon. Ọ ghọrọ Onye Ọkachamara na onye nchọpụta na Ngalaba Ọgwụ na Ọgwụ nke Mahadum Casablanca. N'ịbụ onye ọkachamara na endocrinology na nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ, ọ bụ onye isi nke Ngalaba Endocrinology, Diabetology na Nutrition na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ibn Rochd na Casablanca. Maroun bụ onye otu Moroccan commission on combating diabetes.<ref name="maroc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.maroc.ma/ar/system/files/biographie_de_mme_fatema_marouane_ministre_de_lartisanat_de_leconomie_sociale_et_solidaire.pdf|title=Biographie de Mme Fatema Marouane: ministre de l'Artisanat, de l'Economie sociale et solidaire|publisher=Royaume du Maroc|accessdate=17 October 2018|language=French|archivedate=26 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626172827/http://www.maroc.ma/ar/system/files/biographie_de_mme_fatema_marouane_ministre_de_lartisanat_de_leconomie_sociale_et_solidaire.pdf}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu bụrụ onye isi Smedian (Société marocaine d'ãoendocrinologie, diabétologie et nutrition).<ref name="bladi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bladi.net/fatima-marouan-37897.html|title=Fatima Marouanbladi.net|publisher=|accessdate=17 October 2018|language=}}</ref> Fatima Marouan enyewo aka n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ sayensị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/2020624675_Fatima_Marouan|title=Fatima Marouan's scientific contributions|publisher=Research Gate|accessdate=17 October 2018|language=}}</ref> N'ihu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, dị ka onye otu National Rally of Independents, o sonyere na mmepe nke atụmatụ ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ. Site n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2013 ruo n'afọ 2017, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ aka na akụ na ụba ọha na eze.<ref name="bladi"/> Maroun bụkwa onye otu ụlọ ọrụ Casablanca Chicago Sister Cities Association. Ọ na-asụ asụsụ atọ, na-asụ asụsụ Arabic, asụsụ French na asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2013/10/108423/profile-of-fatema-marouane-minister-of-handicrafts-social-economy-and-solidarity/|title=Profile of Fatema Marouane, Minister of Handicrafts, Social Economy and Solidarity|author=Fouzar, Loubna|publisher=Morocco World News|date=11 October 2013|accessdate=17 October 2018|language=}}</ref> Onye otu sayensị nke Destination Santé S.A.S, ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ụlọ ọgwụ California Cardiology Clinic nke Casablanca.<ref name="bloomberg"/> Fatima Maroun lụrụ di ma muo ụmụ abụọ.<ref name="maroc"/> == Ebenside == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> {{DEFAULTSORT:Marouan, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ọmụmụ afọ 1952]] nvlo4osv66zlh004fapqc4271iv0wzh 0 23045 692504 514735 2026-07-30T09:12:22Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatima Hamroush''' (Arabic) (amụrụ na 14 Febụwarị na afọ 1959) bụ onye na-ahụ maka anya na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Libya. == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ ya na Benghazi na 14 Febụwarị, na afọ 1959, Hamroush kwagara [[Ireland]] na afọ 1996 ma mesịa ghọọ nwa amaala Irish site na nnabata ma si otú ahụ ghọọ nwa ama amaala Irish-Libyan abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/mmw/2011/11/the-%E2%80%9Csymbolic-step%E2%80%9D-of-womens-political-participation-in-a-new-libya/|title=The "Symbolic Step" of Women's Political Participation in A New Libya|publisher=Patheos|date=28 November 2011|accessdate=4 September 2012}}</ref> Ọ biri na Julianstown, County Meath, Ireland. O nwere ụmụ anọ, otu n'ime ha bụ onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu, Farah Elle.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/health/2011/1129/1224308275531.html|work=The Irish Times|first=Joanne|author=Hunt|title=Meet Libya's new minister for health . . . a doctor from Drogheda|date=29 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="Ryan">{{Cite news|author=Ryan|first=Jennifer|date=11 August 2017|title=Podcast: 'My mum tried to help rebuild Libya, I respect that'|language=en|work=The Irish Times|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/the-women-s-podcast/podcast-my-mum-tried-to-help-rebuild-libya-i-respect-that-1.3183560|accessdate=25 July 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ ahụike == Na Febụwarị, na afọ 1983, Hamroush gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere ahụike (MB BS) na Mahadum Garyounis na Disemba, na afọ 1999 ghọrọ Fellow nke Royal College of Surgeons nke Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.medicalcouncil.ie/Registration/Search-for-a-doctor/Search-Results/?regno=020872&doctorid=30018136|title=Medical Council}}</ref> Hamroush bụ onye otu Irish College of Ophthalmologists, ọkachamara na glaucoma, retina ahụike, na neuro-ophthalmology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eyedoctors.ie/visitors/ophtalmologist.asp?memberid=97|title=Dr Fatima Hamroush|publisher=Irish College of Ophthalmologists|accessdate=4 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426010619/http://www.eyedoctors.ie/visitors/ophtalmologist.asp?memberid=97|archivedate=26 April 2012}}</ref> Site na afọ 2000, ruo n'agha obodo Libya nke afọ 2011, Hamroush nwere ọkwa onye ndụmọdụ anya na Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland. Site na Nọvemba na afọ 2011 ruo Nọvemba, na afọ 2012, Dr Hamroush nọ n'ọkwa Minista ahụike na Gọọmentị Mgbanwe Libya. N'oge ọ nọ n'ọchịchị, Hamroush gosipụtara enweghị nnwere onwe dị ịrịba ama maka nrụrụ aka ma, n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ siri ike, nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ntọala maka ọrụ ahụike mba Libya.<ref name="&quot;The Black Box Series&quot; articles by Dr Hamroush revealing corruption faced at MOH Libya in 2011">{{Cite web|author=Hamroush|first=F|title=The Black Box of The Ministry Of Health - Part 01|url=http://archive2.libya-al-mostakbal.org/news/clicked/38161|work=Libya Almostaqbal|publisher=Libya Almostaqbal|accessdate=26 January 2018|archivedate=27 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083930/http://archive2.libya-al-mostakbal.org/news/clicked/38161}}</ref><ref name="A report on the War Wounded Treatment program and summary of investigations">{{Cite web|author=Hamroush|first=Fatima|title=Report of the Ministry of Health on the issue of the Wounded|url=http://archive2.libya-al-mostakbal.org/news/clicked/38814|work=Libya Almostaqbal|publisher=Libya Almostaqbal|accessdate=26 January 2018|archivedate=27 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084024/http://archive2.libya-al-mostakbal.org/news/clicked/38814}}</ref> Ọ laghachiri Ireland n'ọnwa Nọvemba, mgbe o nyefere Minista ahụike ọhụrụ, Dr Noureddine Doghman. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2013, ọ maliteghachiri ọrụ onye ndụmọdụ anya ọha na eze na OLLH na ọrụ onwe ya na Drogheda.<ref>{{Cite news|title=A life less ordinary|url=https://www.imt.ie/features-opinion/to-hell-and-back-a-tough-assignment-03-01-2013/|accessdate=13 October 2013|work=Irish Medical Times|date=3 January 2013}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2011, Praịm Minista Libya Abdurrahim El-Keib mara ọkwa na Hamroush bụ nwanyị mbụ bụ Minista Ahụike nke Libya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.fananews.com/?p=432011|title=Declaration of the new transitional government in Libya|publisher=FANA|language=ar}}</ref> Hamroush bụkwa onye nduzi nke Irish Libyan Emergency Aid.<ref name="Irish Independent News">{{Cite news|title=Farewell Meath... Dr Fatima is new Libyan minister|url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/farewell-meath-dr-fatima-is-new-libyan-minister-2944579.html|accessdate=24 November 2011|work=Irish Independent News|date=24 November 2011|first=Elaine|author=Keogh}}</ref> Dr Hamroush bụ nwa nwanyị nke Abdullah Hamroush, onye bụbu colonel na onye ọka ikpe ụlọ ikpe ndị agha n'oge alaeze ahụ, tupu nnupụisi ahụ na afọ 1969. A tụrụ nna ya mkpọrọ n'abalị nke nnupụisi ahụ n'ihi ịbọ ọbọ maka ịtụ Gaddafi mkpọrọ na afọ 1967 mgbe e boro ya ebubo ịta onye agha ahụhụ n'oge ọzụzụ. E debere nna ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo afọ anọ tupu ụlọ ikpe egosipụta na aka ya dị ọcha. Dr Hamroush megidere ọchịchị Gaddafi wee bụrụ onye a ma ama na onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ndị mmegide Libya site na afọ 2008, ebe ya na ọtụtụ ndị mmeghachi omume Libya na mba ofesi na n'ime Libya rụkọtara ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, maka ebumnuche nchekwa, o jiri otu aha "Alleebeya" الليبية mee ihe mgbe o bipụtara ọtụtụ isiokwu na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ndị mmegide, kesaa n'ịkwalite mmata ọha na eze, mpaghara na mba ụwa banyere ọchịchị aka ike wee bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ebe nrụọrụọrụ weebụ ndị na-emegide "Libya Almostaqbal" site na afọ 2009 ruo Jenụwarị, na afọ 2011.<ref name="Archive of Dr Fatima Hamroush's articles">{{Cite web|author=Hamroush|first=Fatima|title=Archive of Dr Fatima Hamroush's articles|url=http://archive2.libya-al-mostakbal.org/archive/author/438|work=Libya Almostaqbal|publisher=Libya Almostaqbal|accessdate=26 January 2018|archivedate=27 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084114/http://archive2.libya-al-mostakbal.org/archive/author/438}}</ref> O nyekwara aka n'inye ego maka ngagharị iwe n'ụwa niile iji kwado ọgụ ndị Libya na-alụ megide ọchịchị Gaddafi. A kpughere onye ọ bụ na mmalite nke mgbanwe nke 17 Febụwarị, na afọ 2011, mgbe o welitere ọkọlọtọ tricolour nke Libya n'ihu GPO na etiti obodo Dublin. A hụrụ ya dị ka onye mbụ welitere ọkọlọtọ na Republic of Ireland. Na 26 Febụwarị, na afọ 2011, ya na nwa ya nwoke, Abdullah Elneihum (Abe Neihum), guzobere Irish Libyan Emergency Aid (ILEA), otu enyemaka enyemaka iji nye Libya ọgwụ n'oge mgbanwe ahụ, nke nyere aka n'inye ngwá ọgwụ na ihe oriri n'oge nnupụisi ahụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara niile dị na Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bodger|date=2018-02-12|title=Back In Focus|url=https://www.broadsheet.ie/2018/02/12/back-in-focus/|accessdate=2020-10-28|work=Broadsheet.ie|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="'You go from computer engineer to fighter'">{{Cite news|author=Griffin|first=Niamh|title=You go from computer engineer to fighter|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/you-go-from-computer-engineer-to-fighter-1.604315|accessdate=26 January 2018|work=Irish Times|publisher=Irish Times|date=23 August 2011}}</ref> Na Septemba, na afọ 2011, na arịrịọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị isi nke National Transitional Council, Dr Hamroush guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke Libya iji nyere aka n'ịgwọ ndị merụrụ ahụ n'agha na ndị siri ike ọgwụgwọ na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ na Libya. E kwukwara na e guzobere ọfịs ahụ iji nyere aka n'ịkpọbata ndị ọkachamara ahụike na Libya ma melite ọzụzụ ahụike na ebumnuche nke ime ka ọgwụgwọ mba.<ref name="Libya war hurt arrive for aid">{{Cite news|author=Flynn|first=Pat|title=Libya war hurt arrive for aid|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/health/libya-war-hurt-arrive-for-aid-176067.html|accessdate=26 January 2018|work=Irish Examiner|publisher=Irish Examiner|date=5 December 2011}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2011, a kpọrọ Dr Hamroush dịka Minista ahụike maka Libya na Gọọmentị Mgbanwe, nke nwere ndị minista iri abụọ na anọ, abụọ n'ime ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị, praịm minista na ndị nnọchi anya atọ.<ref name="new minister">{{Cite news|author=Keogh|first=Elaine|title=Farewell Meath, Dr Fatima is new Libyan Minister|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/farewell-meath-dr-fatima-is-new-libyan-minister-26795194.html|accessdate=26 January 2018|work=Irish Independent|publisher=Irish Independent|date=24 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="Meet Libya's New Minister">{{Cite news|author=Hunt|first=Joanne|title=Meet Libya's new minister for health . . . a doctor from Drogheda|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/meet-libya-s-new-minister-for-health-a-doctor-from-drogheda-1.17765|accessdate=26 January 2018|work=Irish Times|publisher=Irish Times|date=29 November 2011}}</ref> Dr Hamroush nọ n'ọkwa site na 2 Disemba, na afọ 2011 ruo mmalite Nọvemba, na afọ 2012. Site na Machị, na afọ 2012 ruo Ọgọstụ, Dr Hamroush tinyere aka na esemokwu mgbe ọ na-egbochi nnukwu nrụrụ aka n'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị merụrụ ahụ n'agha, nke ngalaba dị iche na-abụghị Ministrị Ahụike duziri. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, ọ gbochiri Kọmitii Ndị Agha merụrụ ahụ ka ha ghara ịga n'ihu n'omume ya na-abụghị nke omenala ma jikọta ọgwụgwọ nke ndị agha merụrụ ahụ n'ime ngalaba ahụike ma nye iwu maka usoro ndekọ mpụ na nke ndị omempụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jallc.nato.int/newsmedia/docs/lybia_case_study.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2014-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222070548/https://www.jallc.nato.int/newsmedia/docs/lybia_case_study.pdf|archivedate=2014-02-22}}</ref> N'oge obere oge ya, Dr Hamroush malitere ọtụtụ ọrụ na ozi ya nke kwụsịrị n'oge agha ahụ.<ref name="report MOH">{{Cite web|author=Hamroush|first=Fatima|title=Report of the Ministry of Health of the Transitional Government: December 2011 - November 2012|url=http://archive2.libya-al-mostakbal.org/news/clicked/39630|work=Libya Almostaqbal|publisher=Libya Almostaqbal|accessdate=26 January 2018|archivedate=27 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084112/http://archive2.libya-al-mostakbal.org/news/clicked/39630}}</ref> Na ngwụcha oge ya, o nyere akụkọ banyere oge ya na General National Council na Gọọmentị Temporary, yana General Prosecutor, na-eme ka mkpa ọ dị ịchịkwa nchekwa na nrụrụ aka yana ibuli ụkpụrụ nke ụkpụrụ omume na nkà nchịkwa n'etiti ndị Libya iji nweta mgbanwe. Na ngwụcha afọ 2013, mgbe ọ laghachiri Ireland, Hamroush malitere ịmepụta mmemme maka mkparịta ụka na ime udo site na ịhazi nzukọ na netwọk maka ndị ọrụ Libya na ndị ọrụ mbụ nke ọchịchị gara aga, ihe mkpali a na-akpọ The National Libyan Dialogue for Reconciliation.<ref name="Speech FH">{{Cite news|author=VALIENTE|first=ALEXANDRA|title=Speech of Dr. Fatima Al-Hamroush, Chairperson of the Preparatory Committee for the Libyan National Dialogue Initiative in the British House of Commons, and her talk about the tragedy of the Libyan emigrants and the international community's disregard for their suffering.|url=https://jamahiriyanewsagency.wordpress.com/2014/06/18/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84/|accessdate=26 January 2018|work=Jamahiriya News Agency|publisher=Jamahiriya News Agency|date=18 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Vision for homeland">{{Cite web|author=Almostaqbal|first=Libya|title=Hamroush presents her vision for the project of awakening the nation and building the homeland|url=http://archive2.libya-al-mostakbal.org/news/clicked/48781|work=Libya Almostaqbal|accessdate=26 January 2018|archivedate=27 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084246/http://archive2.libya-al-mostakbal.org/news/clicked/48781}}</ref><ref name="Libya Displacement Crisis">{{Cite book|author=Fraihat|first=Ibrahim|title=Libya's Displacement Crisis: Uprooted by Revolution and Civil War|date=2016|publisher=Georgetown University Press|isbn=9781626163300|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bWY3CwAAQBAJ&q=fatma+hamroush+dialogue+and+reconciliation&pg=PT73|accessdate=26 January 2018|ref=19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=ELJARH|first=MOHAMED|title=Can the United Nations Save the Day in Libya?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/07/04/can-the-united-nations-save-the-day-in-libya/|accessdate=26 January 2018|work=Foreign Policy|publisher=Foreign Policy|date=4 July 2014}}</ref> Ihe omume maka Dialogue nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgba ndị diaspora ume, ya bụ, ìgwè ndị jikọtara na ndị bụbu nke ọchịchị gara aga, iji kwupụta nchegbu ha ma bịa n'ihu iji zụlite steeti ahụ. Agha ike nke sochiri n'oge na-adịghị anya n'etiti afọ 2014, ọkachasị agha obodo nke malitere n'etiti Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọdịda Anyanwụ nke Libya, emela ka Hamroush ghara itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọ bụla, na-egbochi onwe ya naanị ikwupụta echiche ya na-adịghị ele mmadụ anya n'ihu na ajụjụ ọnụ.<ref name="Emergency Gov">{{Cite news|author=Ramadan|first=Mohammed|title=An emergency government must be formed to take over the external security apparatus|url=http://aan-news.com/28719.html|accessdate=26 January 2018|work=ANN News|publisher=ANN News|date=25 January 2018}}</ref> Ọ bi na Ireland ugbu a, na-alaghachi n'ọrụ ya dị ka Consultant Medical Ophthalmologist. == Ebenside == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> {{DEFAULTSORT:Hamroush, Fatima}} [[Òtù:1960 births]] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] evtm77u8ll5791mzwjwlweenxonl2vb 0 23114 692611 538465 2026-07-30T11:41:34Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692611 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Flora Ugwunwa''' (amụrụ na 26 June 1984) bụ onye Naịjịrịa na-eme egwuregwu Paralympic na-asọ mpi na ihe omume F54.<ref name="women_shot_put_f54_world_para_championships_2019" /><ref name="paralympic_bio">{{Cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/flora-ugwunwa|title=Flora Ugwunwa|work=paralympic.org|accessdate=22 December 2019|publisher=[[International Paralympic Committee]]}}</ref> Ọ nọchitere anya Naịjịria na 2016 Summer Paralympics nke emere na Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ma merie nrite ọla edo na ihe omume F54 nke ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="paralympic_bio" /> O setịpụkwara ihe ndekọ ụwa ọhụrụ nke 20.25m na ihe omume a.<ref name="new_world_record_rio_2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.paralympic.org/feature/no-23-nigeria-most-successful-african-nation-rio-2016|title=No. 23 Nigeria most successful African nation at Rio 2016|date=9 December 2016|publisher=[[International Paralympic Committee]]|accessdate=25 December 2019}}</ref> Ọ nọchitere anya Naịjịrịa na 2020 Summer Paralympics na Tokyo, Japan mgbe ọ nwetasịrị ihe nrite ọlaọcha na ihe omume F54 nke ụmụ nwanyị na 2019 World Para Athletics Championships nke emere na Dubai, United Arab Emirates .<ref name="world_para_2019_javelin_results_f54">{{Cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/dubai-2019/schedule/info-live-results/atdu19/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-women-s-javelin-throw-f54-1-01.htm|title=Dubai 2019 Results {{!}} Event Overview - Women's javelin throw F54|work=paralympic.org|accessdate=25 December 2019}}</ref> O mekwara asọmpi na asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị F54 ebe ọ gwụchara na nke isii.<ref name="women_shot_put_f54_world_para_championships_2019">{{Cite web|title=Women's shot put F54|url=https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resATDU19/pdf/ATDU19/AT/ATDU19_AT_C73S_ATWS54100.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823211951/https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resATDU19/pdf/ATDU19/AT/ATDU19_AT_C73S_ATWS54100.pdf|archivedate=23 August 2020|accessdate=23 August 2020|work=2019 World Para Athletics Championships}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resATDU19/pdf/ATDU19/AT/ATDU19_AT_C73S_ATWS54100.pdf "Women's shot put F54"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''2019 World Para Athletics Championships''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200823211951/https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resATDU19/pdf/ATDU19/AT/ATDU19_AT_C73S_ATWS54100.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ugwunwa, Flora}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] c3nrtgdanv5ckwia4gthysqpz9qyw5o 0 23205 692502 102298 2026-07-30T09:10:19Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Fatima Hajaig''' (amụrụ na 10 Disemba, na afọ 1938) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa, ya na African National Congress na-achị. Ọ bụ onye otu African Union's Pan-African Parliament si South Africa. Ọ bụbu onye isi oche nke kọmitii na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ nke ndị omeiwu South Africa. Ọ bụ osote minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi n'okpuru onye isi ala Kgalema Motlanthe . == Agụmakwụkwọ == Hajaig gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand na afy 1963. N'afọ 1967, ọ nwetara LLB ya na Mahadum Eötvös Loránd na [[Hungary]]. == Nkwupụta banyere ndị Juu == N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2008, ọ kpọrọ onye nnọchi anya ọhụrụ nke Israel na Ministri Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ iji katọọ omume Israel na Gaza. Nke a mere ka Israel mee mkpesa n'aka ndị nnọchi anya South Africa na Tel Aviv n'ihi na, o kwuru, Hajaig kparịrị Elias Inbram, onye na-ekwuchitere ndị nnọchianya Israel a mụrụ n'Etiopia, na-eche na a kpọtara ya na nzukọ ahụ dị ka onye isi ojii ma jụọ onye nnọchi anya:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jta.org/news/article/2009/01/26/1002453/south-african-jews-angered-by-government-ministers-slur|title=Government minister’s slurs anger South African Jews|first=Michael|author=Belling|date=January 26, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205003314/http://jta.org/news/article/2009/01/26/1002453/south-african-jews-angered-by-government-ministers-slur/|archivedate=2009-02-05|work=Global News service of the Jewish people}}</ref><blockquote>Mgbe ndị ọrụ ibe gị na Europe na-aga nzukọ dị ka nke a, ha na-ebukwa onye dị ka onye nọ n'akụkụ gị?</blockquote>Na nzukọ COSATU na Wednesday 14 Jenụwarị, na afọ 2009, na Lenasia, Gauteng, o kwuru na nchịkwa nke America, dịka nchịkwa nke ọtụtụ mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ, dị n'aka ego ndị Juu ma ọ bụrụ na ego ndị Juu na-achịkwa mba ha mgbe ahụ ị pụghị ịtụ anya ihe ọ bụla ọzọ.<ref name="bigotry">{{Cite web|url=http://engageonline.wordpress.com/2009/01/29/minister-in-south-african-government-is-anti-jewish-racist/|title=Minister in South African Government is anti-Jewish racist|date=January 29, 2009|first=David|author=Hirsh|work=News24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131063739/http://engageonline.wordpress.com/2009/01/29/minister-in-south-african-government-is-anti-jewish-racist/|archivedate=2009-01-31}}</ref> Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi bụ Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma katọrọ okwu ya banyere ndị Juu, onye wepụtara nkwupụta na-ekwu na okwu ndị dị otú ahụ megidere iwu mba ọzọ. Ndị South African Jewish Board of Deputies tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa megide Hajaig na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke mba ahụ.<ref name="bigotry">{{Cite web|url=http://engageonline.wordpress.com/2009/01/29/minister-in-south-african-government-is-anti-jewish-racist/|title=Minister in South African Government is anti-Jewish racist|date=January 29, 2009|first=David|author=Hirsh|work=News24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131063739/http://engageonline.wordpress.com/2009/01/29/minister-in-south-african-government-is-anti-jewish-racist/|archivedate=2009-01-31}}</ref> N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2009, ọ rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ihe mgbu ọ bụla sitere n'okwu o kwuru na nnọkọ ahụ. Otú ọ dị, onye isi oche nke South African Jewish Board of Deputies Zev Krengel kwuru na Hajaig nyere naanị "mgbaghara zoro ezo" na nkwupụta ya. "Ọ ka na-arịọ mgbaghara maka ihe o kwuru. Ọ na-arịọ mgbaghara maka mmerụ ahụ. " N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2009, onye isi ala [[South Africa]] bụ Kgalema Motlanthe nyere ya "a dressing down" maka okwu ya na-emegide ndị Juu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2009-02-04-president-raps-hajaigs-knuckles|title=President raps Hajaig's knuckles|author=Staff Reporter|date=4 February 2009|publisher=|accessdate=10 May 2017|archivedate=27 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327173438/https://mg.co.za/article/2009-02-04-president-raps-hajaigs-knuckles}}</ref> Ndị South African Jewish Board of Deputies nabatara mgbaghara nke abụọ ya. N'oge gara aga, ndị Cabinet "egosipụta nchegbu banyere nkwupụta ahụ n'ihi na ọ megidere iwu gọọmentị a kwuru banyere mmetụta ndị na-emegide ndị Juu. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=nw20090204194920825C796653|title=Motlanthe raps Hajaig's knuckles|date=4 February 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210054449/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=nw20090204194920825C796653|archivedate=2009-02-10}}</ref> == Ebenside == <references group="" responsive="0"></references> {{DEFAULTSORT:Hajaig, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ọmụmụ afọ 1938]] iche6kafdzz9w4xzrkdx12mwxuve47w 0 23353 692407 540395 2026-07-29T23:15:34Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=[[Honourable]] [[Justice]]|name=Fati Lami Abubakar|honorific_suffix={{post-nominals|country=NG|CON|size=100%}}|image=|alt=|caption=|order=|office=Chief Judge of [[Niger State]]|term_start=28 March 2013|term_end=12 April 2016|predecessor=Hon. Justice [[Jibrin Ndajiwo]]|successor=|office1=[[First Lady of Nigeria]]|term_label1=In role|term_start1=9 June 1998|term_end1=29 May 1999|predecessor1=[[Maryam Abacha]]|successor1=[[Stella Obasanjo]]|president1=[[Abdulsalami Abubakar]]|birth_name=Fatima Lami|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=y|1951|04|12}}|birth_place=[[Minna]], [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Region]], [[British Nigeria]]<br>(now [[Minna]], [[Niger State]], [[Nigeria]])|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->|death_place=|spouse=[[Abdulsalami Abubakar]]|children=6}} '''Fatima Lami Abubakar''' CON (amụrụ na 12 Eprelụ 1951) bụ onye ọka iwu Naijiria bụ onye bụ [[First Lady of Nigeria|nwanyị mbụ nke Naijiria]] n'oge [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] si June 1998 ruo May 1999. Mgbé ọ chịrị dị ka First Lady, Abubakar bụ Chief Judge nke Niger State site na 2013 ruo 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Niger: Aliyu Appoints Abdulsalami Abubakar’s Wife As Acting Chief Judge|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2013/03/28/niger-aliyu-appoints-abdulsalami-abubakars-wife-as-acting-chief-judge/|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=Channels Television}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Fatima Lami na 12 Eprel 1951 na [[Minna]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], ma gụchaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Queen Elizabeth School na Ilorin [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]].<ref name="Yawa-Siraja">{{Cite news|author=Yawa-Siraja|first=Uthman|title=Justice Fati Abubakar, exit of an incorruptible judge|url=http://www.newsline.org.ng/2016/04/19/justice-fati-abubakar-exit-of-an-incorruptible-judge/|accessdate=3 December 2017|work=Newsline|publisher=Niger Printing and Publishing Company|date=19 April 2016}}</ref> Ọ gara kọleji na [[Ilorin]] tupu ọ gaa Federal Government College, Sokoto, na [[Mahadum nke Obafemi Awolowo|Mahadụm Ife]]. N'ọmụmụ ihe post-secondary ya, ọ gụsịrị ọtụtụ nzere na iwu, site na nzere bachelọ ruo Doctor of Philosophy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon. Justice Fati Lami Abubakar|url=https://wrapanigeria.org/trustees/hon-justice-fati-lami-abubakar/|work=Women's Rights Advancement and Protection Alternative|accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref> Abubakar gụchara akwụkwọ ọzọ na Nigeria Law School.<ref name="Yawa-Siraja" /> Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ Naijiria gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum. == Ọrụ == Abubakar malitere ọrụ ya n'iwu dị ka onye nyocha na onye ndụmọdụ ukwu na Naịjirịa. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye ọka iwu ukwu nke Ngalaba Ikpe nke [[Ȯra Niger|steeti Niger]] na 1985 na onye ọka ikpe maka Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu na 1989.<ref name="Yawa-Siraja" /> <cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFYawa-Siraja2016">Yawa-Siraja, Uthman (19 April 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20201111140844/http://www.newsline.org.ng/2016/04/19/justice-fati-abubakar-exit-of-an-incorruptible-judge/ "Justice Fati Abubakar, exit of an incorruptible judge"]. ''Newsline''. Niger Printing and Publishing Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2013, a họpụtara Abubakar ka ọ bụrụ Onye isi ikpe nke steeti Niger. Ọ nọ n'ọkwa a ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọnwa Eprelụ 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Justice Fati Abubakar retires as Niger state chief judge|url=http://venturesafrica.com/story/justice-fati-abubakar-retires-as-niger-state-chief-judge/|accessdate=4 December 2017|work=Ventures Africa|date=16 April 2016}}</ref> N'èzí ọrụ iwu ya, Abubakar bụ akụkụ nke nzukọ iwu site na 1988 ruo 1989 na kọmitii wayo ụlọ akụ site na 1989 ruo 1992.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Abubakar|first=Ndama|title=RETIREMENT: Justice Fati Lami Abubakar, former chief judge of Niger State|url=http://www.newsline.org.ng/2016/05/08/retirement-justice-fati-lami-abubakar-former-chief-judge-of-niger-state/|accessdate=4 December 2017|work=Newsline|date=8 May 2016}}</ref> Na June 1998, Abubakar ghọrọ [[First Lady of Nigeria|nwanyị mbụ nke Naijiria]] mgbe di ya [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] weghaara ọkwa [[Ishi ochíchì Naigeria|onye isi ala]] nke Naijịrịa. Ọchịchị ya dị ka First Lady kwụsịrị na May 1999.<ref name="Agekameh">{{Cite news|author=Agekameh|first=Dele|title=Fati Abubakar: A life of service|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/fati-abubakar-life-service/|accessdate=4 December 2017|work=The Nation Newspaper|date=27 April 2016}}</ref> N'oge ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ, Abubakar guzobere Women's Rights Advancement and Protection Alternative na 1999, nke na-elekwasị anya na ikike ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="Agekameh" /> E nyerénya SIr Ahmadu Bellow Honours Award maka ọrụ pụrụ iche ọ rụụrụ ụmụ mmadụ, nkwado maka ikike ụmụaka na mkpakọ ụlọ mkpọrọ site na Sir Ahmadu bello Memorial Foundation na Kaduna.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-24|title=Ex-First Lady, Justice Fati Abubakar honoured|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ex-first-lady-justice-fati-abubakar-honoured/|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Abubakar lụrụ onye bụbu onye isi ala Naịjirịa Abdulsalami Abubakar, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ isii.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ukwu|first=Jerrywright|title=Justice Fati Abubakar retires as Niger state chief judge|url=https://www.naija.ng/800664-former-nigerian-first-lady-retires-chief-judge.html|accessdate=4 December 2017|work=Naij}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == * Kabir, Hajara Muhammad,. ''Mmepe'' ụmụ nwanyị nke ugwu. [Naijiria]. <nowiki>ISBN 978-978-906-469-4</nowiki>. OCLC 890820657. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}}{{S-start}} {{S-hon}} {{Succession box|title=[[First Lady of Nigeria]]|before=[[Maryam Abacha]]|after=[[Stella Obasanjo]]|years=1998 – 1999}} {{S-end}}{{First Ladies and Gentleman of Nigeria|state=autocollapse}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abubakar, Fati Lami}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2uuq2g3lpkkd3rsq0142j8f3a5rkn7k 0 23378 692382 578003 2026-07-29T22:21:22Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort and removed info box 692382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Faridah''' Àbíké-Íyímídé (amụrụ na 13 Ọktọba 1999) bụ onye Britain na Naịjịrịa na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye na-ede akụkọ mkpirikpi na onye na-edekọ akụkọ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi ya, ihe na-akpali akpali ''Ace'' of Spades (2021), natara NAACP Image Award maka Outstanding Literary Work ➜ Youth/Teens na 2022, wee ruo n'elu iri na ndepụta <nowiki><i id="mwEQ">The New York Times</i></nowiki> Best Seller. Tụkwasị na nke a, Àbíké-Íyímídé enyewo aka n'akwụkwọ dị iche iche, gụnyere The Bookseller, ''gal-dem'', ''NME'' na Reader's Digest. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Àbíké-Íyímídé ma zụlite ya na Croydon na South London.<ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2020-09-09|title=Breaking New Ground: Celebrating British Writers and Illustrators of Colour|url=https://www.cilips.org.uk/breaking-new-ground-celebrating-british-writers-and-illustrators-of-colour/|first=Markie|author=DeLeavey|date=27 June 2019|work=[[CILIPS]]|archivedate=2021-06-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616163605/https://www.cilips.org.uk/breaking-new-ground-celebrating-british-writers-and-illustrators-of-colour/}}</ref><ref name="theguardian-flood" /><ref>{{Cite news|first=Yolanthe|author=Fawehinmi|accessdate=2021-06-25|title=How a 22-year-old British-Nigerian student landed a million-dollar book deal|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/22-year-old-british-nigerian-student-landed-million-dollar-book/|work=The Telegraph|date=18 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="marieclaire">{{Cite web|first=Danielle|author=Prescod|accessdate=2021-06-25|title='Ace of Spades' Is This Summer's Must-Read YA Novel|url=https://www.marieclaire.com/career-advice/a36721321/ace-of-spades-is-this-summers-must-read-ya-novel/|date=21 June 2021|work=Marie Claire}}</ref> Ọ biri na Aberdeen, Scotland mgbe ọ na-amụ Bekee, Chinese na anthropology na Mahadum Aberdeen.<ref name="theguardian-flood">{{Cite web|accessdate=2020-09-09|title=Faridah Àbíké-Íyímídé: the 21-year-old British student with a million-dollar book deal|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/08/faridah-abike-iyimide-british-student-million-dollar-book-deal-ace-of-spades|first=Alison|author=Flood|date=8 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2020-09-09|title=Young British-Nigerian author, Faridah Abike-Iyimide lands 7-figure book deal on debut novel|url=https://alternativeafrica.com/2020/09/06/young-british-nigerian-author-faridah-abike-iyimide-lands-7-figure-book-deal-on-debut-novel/|date=6 September 2020|work=Alternative Africa|archivedate=2020-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926105805/https://alternativeafrica.com/2020/09/06/young-british-nigerian-author-faridah-abike-iyimide-lands-7-figure-book-deal-on-debut-novel/}}</ref> Ọ bi na London ugbụ a mgbe ọ na-amụta ihe n'ebe dị anya n'afọ ikpeazụ nke usoro nzere.<ref name="marieclaire" /> == Ọrụ == Akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi nke Àbíké-Íyímídé, ''Ace'' of Spades, bụ ihe na-akpali akpali nke nwere isiokwu nke "homophobia na obodo ndị isi ojii, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na echiche dị ịche ịche n'etiti ndị isi ojii".<ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-02-13|title=Everything to know about "Ace of Spades"—the book that earned a 21-year-old 7 figures|url=https://www.newsweek.com/everything-know-about-ace-spades-book-that-earned-21-year-old-7-figures-1529506|first=Janice|author=Williams|date=3 September 2020|work=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref><ref name="theguardian-flood"/> N'afọ 2018 ọ nwetara onye nnọchi anya na nkwekọrịta akwụkwọ UK maka ''Ace'' of Spades na Usborne Publishing.<ref name="theguardian-flood" /><ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2020-09-09|title=Àbíké-Íyímídé exposes racism in 'explosive' debut novel|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/bi-ke-i-yi-mi-de-exposes-racism-explosive-debut-novel-884991|first=Charlotte|author=Eyre|work=[[The Bookseller]]|date=1 November 2018}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, ọ nwetara nkwekọrịta akwụkwọ US na Macmillan Publishers maka ''Ace'' of Spades tinyere akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ, maka ego asaa.<ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2020-09-09|title=21-year-old young adult author gets 7-figure book deal|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2020/09/03/21-year-old-author-faridah-abike-iyimide-gets-7-figure-book-deal/5702912002/|work=[[USA TODAY]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2020-09-09|title=21-year-old young adult author Faridah Abike-Iyimide gets 7-figure book deal|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2020/sep/03/21-year-old-young-adult-author-faridah-abike-iyimide-gets-7-figure-book-deal-2192067.html|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2020-09-09|title=21-year-old Black author signs seven-figure books deal|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/snyde/ny-21-year-old-author-faridah-abike-iyimide-seven-figure-books-deal-20200904-tgu3igxfp5a2fpnii5pfgh7iga-story.html|date=8 September 2020|work=[[New York Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2020-09-09|title=21-year-old young adult author gets 7-figure book deal|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/21-year-young-adult-author-figure-book-deal-72791909|work=[[ABC News]]|date=3 September 2020}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Àbíké-Íyímídé na-akọwa n'ihu ọha dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/meet-breakout-british-author-faridah-abike-iyimide/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214203508/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/meet-breakout-british-author-faridah-abike-iyimide/|title=Meet breakout British author Faridah Àbíké-Íyímídé|first=Zoya|author=Raza-Sheikh|work=[[Gay Times]]|date=22 July 2021|archivedate=14 February 2022|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == * ''Ace of Spades''. New York: Feiwel & Friends, 2021. . London: Usborne, 2021.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1474967532|978-1474967532]]. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abike-Iyimide, Faridah}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7u9h30xv39cbwogbredmn6iithc6vsm 0 24710 692305 632917 2026-07-29T18:58:40Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Félicite Bada (amụrụ na 14 Machị 1962) bụ onye Benin na-agba ọsọ nke na-ahụ maka 100 mita nke ụmụ nwanyị na 200 mita nke ụmụ nwoke. O sonyere na Egwuregwu na 1987 Egwuregwu Afrika niile na august1987, ebe ọ gbara ọsọ kachasị mma nke 25.08 sekọnd na mita 200. Na Seoul, o sonyere na 1988 Olimpik oge okpomọkụ ebe ọ bụ onye na-eburu ọkọlọtọ maka Benin. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị onye nke asaa na ikpo ọkụ 1 nke 100 mita, ọ ka na-agba ọsọ oge kachasị mma nke 12.27 sekọnd. == Ọrụ == A mụrụ Bada na 14 Machị 1962. Ọrụ ya nọ n'ọkwa ya na ngwụcha afọ 1980. O setịpụrụ ihe kachasị mma nke onwe ya nke 25.08 sekọnd na mita 200 na 11 Ọgọstụ 1987 na Nairobi na Egwuregwu Afrika niile, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị onye nke asatọ na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/benin/felicite-bada-63714|title=Felicite Bada|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.les-sports.info/felicite-bada-athletisme-spf185123.html|title=Felicite Bada|publisher=Les-sports.info|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> Bada ruru eru maka 1988 Summer Olympics na Seoul, ọ bụkwa onye na-eburu ọkọlọtọ maka mba ya. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu asatọ ruru eru maka Olimpik n'afọ ahụ site na Benin, ndị ọzọ bụ onye judo [[Daniel Dohoua Dossou]], na ndị egwuregwu Issa Alassane-Ousséni na mita 100, José de Souza na 110m ihe mgbochi, na ndị na-agba ọsọ 4 x 100 Fortune Ogouchi, Patrice Mahoulikponto, Dossou Vignissy na Issa Alassani-Ousseni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/BEN/summer/1988/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417093147/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/BEN/summer/1988/|archivedate=17 April 2020|title=Benin at the 1988 Seoul Summer Games|publisher=[[Sports Reference]]|accessdate=25 October 2016}}</ref> Na ihe omume 100 mita nke ụmụ nwanyị, Bada mechara nke asaa ikpo ọkụ 1, na-erughị eru, mana ọ ka na-agba ọsọ oge kachasị mma nke 12.27 sekọnd.<ref name="SR" /> N'ihe omume mita 200 nke ụmụ nwanyị, ọ mechara nke isii na ikpo ọkụ 1 na oge nke 25:42 sekọnd, ọzọ na-enweghị ike ịga n'ihu.<ref name="SR" /> E depụtara Bada na 5 ft 4 sentimita n'ogologo (163 cm) na ịdị arọ ya n'oge ọrụ ya dị na 121 paụnd ma ọ bụ 55 kilogram.<ref name="SR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ba/felicite-bada-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212021955/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ba/felicite-bada-1.html|archivedate=12 December 2008|title=Félicite Bada Bio, Stats, and Results|work=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=8 August 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Archived from [https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ba/felicite-bada-1.html the original] on 12 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Ihe odide == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bada, Félicite}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8c98ii9q6kci6jz7mf8uf0l21adrekd 0 24794 692490 137717 2026-07-30T08:57:27Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Fatima El Jazouli''' bụ onye Morocco bụbu [[Footbọl|onye]] na agba bọọlụ. Ọ bụ onye otu ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Morocco. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == El Jazouli gbara ọsọ maka Morocco na ọkwa dị elu n'oge 2000 Asọmpi ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka na 2002 Itozu asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka.<ref name="RSSSF">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afr-women00.html|title=Africa - Women's Championship 2000|work=RSSSF|accessdate=6 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/sports/can-2003-les-lionnes-out-21851|title=CAN 2003 : Les Lionnes out|language=fr}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị Morocco na-agba bọọlụ mba ụwa == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Fatima El Jazouli on Facebook {{DEFAULTSORT:Jazouli, Fatima El}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] e1xvz1spd5hhbn7703qgelfmtxozhwc 0 25122 692552 123514 2026-07-30T09:48:32Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Fatima Zohra Cherif''' (amụrụ n'ime Nọvemba 8, 1986) bụ onye Algeria na egwu volleyball. == Ihe ọmụma klọb == '''Klọb dị ugbu a''' : WA Tlemcen == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101016113650/http://www.fivb.ch/en/volleyball/Competitions/WorldChampionships/2010/Women/Team_Roster.asp?Tourn=WWCH2010&Team=ALG] E debere ya na Wayback Machine {{DEFAULTSORT:Cherif, Fatima Zohra}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qimd904imsiyiprzfj2wz10w96hbnd5 0 25134 692506 111090 2026-07-30T09:14:31Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Fatma Zahra Djouad''' (amụrụ 12, Julaị 1988) bụ nwa agbọghọ Algeria na egwu volleyball. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu volleyball ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Algeria. O sonyere na 2013 FIVB Volleyball Ukwu ụwaPrix. N'ọkwa klọb ọ gbara bọọlụ maka MBBEJAIA n'afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Team Roster – Algeria|url=http://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/WorldGrandPrix/2013/Teams.asp?Team=ALG|work=FIVB.org|date=|accessdate=11 February 2016}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Djouad, Fatma Zahra}} * [http://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/WorldGrandPrix/2013/Players.asp?Tourn=WGP2013&Team=ALG&No=120602 Profaịlụ] na FIVB.org [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 0x9ua93b5cd6qatv0kypsw2qqt5wcek 0 25189 692555 111188 2026-07-30T09:50:06Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Fatima-Zohra Oukazi''' (amụrụ n'imeJenụwarị 18, 1984, n'ime Chlef) bụ onye Algeria na egwu volleyball mba ụwa na onye isi ndị otu volleyball nke ụmụ nwanyị Algeria (2010-2012), na egwu dị ka onye na etinye. Na klọb, o mere nke mbụ ya maka GS Chlef, nke dị n'obodo ya bụ Chlef. Ọ na egwuri egwu ugbu a maka GS Petroliers nke Algiers. == Ihe ọmụma klọb == '''Klọb dị ugbu a''' : 2007-GSP dị ugbu a (nke bụbu MCA) == Ihe odide == * [http://www.fivb.org/en/olympics/london2012/PlayersVB-W.asp?Team=ALG&No=113937] * [http://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/WorldGrandPrix/2013/Teams.asp?Team=ALG] * [http://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/Olympics/2008/Women/Teams/Team_Roster.asp?TRN=WOG2008&TEAM=ALG&sm=6] == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/WorldGrandPrix/2014/Players.asp?Tourn=WGP2014c&Team=ALG&No=113937 Profaịlụ] na FIVB.org {{DEFAULTSORT:Oukazi, Fatima-Zohra}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ctbhq6yj49ni6z9nnkm9jg9zcd3388g 0 25719 692602 137731 2026-07-30T11:32:36Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Flora Guerrero Goff''' bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, na onye guzobere Guardianes de los Arboles ([[Guardianes de los Arboles|Ndị na-eche osisi]]) na Cuernavaca, [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.narconews.com/Issue41/article1734.html|title=Marcos Asks the People to Listen to Each Other|date=April 17, 2006|publisher=[[Narco News]]|accessdate=February 15, 2010}}</ref> Nwa nwanyị nke onye na-ese ihe bụ Jesus Guerrero Galvan, Guerrero bụ onye na-akwado ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Mexico gụnyere nchedo nke Ọhịa Mmiri, isi iyi mmiri nke Mexico City yana mpaghara obodo ndị na-eyi egwu n'ime obodo Cuernavaca.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.narconews.com/Issue41/article1732.html|title=From the Other Morelos, in the Other Campaign, "¡Zapata Vive!"|date=April 12, 2006|publisher=[[Narco News]]|accessdate=February 15, 2010}}</ref> Dị ka onye na-ese ihe osise okpukpe ya na-egosipụta na-adịgide adịgide n'ụka dị iche iche, a kpọkwara ya ka ọ wulite ihe ngosi nke otu nwanyị, nke emere October 16, 2009, na Mision del Sol. na Cuernavaca, Morelos na mgbanwe nke nnukwu ego n'aka ndị nwere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Guerrero Goff eduziwo ngagharị iwe megide igbutu osisi site na ''ụlọ ahịa'' ọgwụ Farmacias del Ahorro na ebe ịzụ ahịa "City Market".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lamentan ambientalistas incremento de tala de árboles en Cuernavaca - Revista Perfil|url=http://revistaperfil.com.mx/noticias/cuernavaca/lamentan-ambientalistas-incremento-de-tala-de-arboles-en-cuernavaca/|publisher=Perfil|accessdate=September 9, 2020|language=es-MX|archivedate=December 12, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212134303/http://revistaperfil.com.mx/noticias/cuernavaca/lamentan-ambientalistas-incremento-de-tala-de-arboles-en-cuernavaca/}}</ref> Ọ gbara Secretariat of Communications and Transportation (SCT) akwụkwọ n'afọ 2018 maka ileghara ọrụ ogbenye na nke dị ize ndụ nke <nowiki><i id="mwHA">Paso Express</i></nowiki> na Cuernavaca anya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demandarán a la SCT por mala obra del Paso Exprés - Revista Perfil|url=http://revistaperfil.com.mx/noticias/morelos/demandaran-a-la-sct-por-mala-obra-del-paso-expres/|publisher=Perfil|accessdate=September 9, 2020|language=es-MX|date=Aug 24, 2018|archivedate=August 25, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825111735/http://revistaperfil.com.mx/noticias/morelos/demandaran-a-la-sct-por-mala-obra-del-paso-expres/}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Guerrero, Flora}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] gq6t94lw9zxg4ve4o90rjpgwly5dcde 0 25792 692434 632436 2026-07-30T03:46:40Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference error 692434 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Beach_in_Sharm_el-Naga02.jpg|thumb|Ihe mkpofu mmiri e kpochapụrụ n'ụsọ osimiri dị na Sharm el-Naga, Egypt]] {{Databox}}Mpekere mmiri, nke a makwaara dị ka awụba mmiri n'oké osimiri, bụ ihe mkpofu mmadụ mere nke kpachapụrụ anya ma ọ bụ na mberede n'ime oke osimiri ma ọ bụ oke osimiri. Ihe irighiri ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri na-agbakọta n'etiti gyres na n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na-asachapụkarị ala mgbe a maara ya dị ka mkpofu osimiri ma ọ bụ tidewrack. A na-akpọ ụma ekpofu ihe mkpofu n'oké osimiri. irighiri ihe na-esi n'okike dị, dị ka osisi driftwood na mkpuru osisi, dịkwa. Site na iji plastik na-abawanye ụba, mmetụta mmadụ abụrụla ihe esemokwu n'ihi na ọtụtụ ụdị plastik (petrochemical) adịghị emebi ngwa ngwa, dị ka ihe okike ma ọ bụ organic ga-adị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/living/2019/07/10/watch-italy-s-answer-to-the-problem-with-plastic|title=Euronews Living &#124; Watch: Italy's answer to the problem with plastic|first=Rachel|author=Graham|date=10 July 2019|work=living}}</ref> Otu ụdị mmetọ plastik kachasị ukwuu (~ 10 %) na ọtụtụ nnukwu plastik dị n'oké osimiri na-atụfu ma na-efu site na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=2019-11-06|title=Dumped fishing gear is biggest plastic polluter in ocean, finds report|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/06/dumped-fishing-gear-is-biggest-plastic-polluter-in-ocean-finds-report|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Plastic na-abanye n'ime mmiri na-eweta nnukwu egwu nye azụ, nnụnụ mmiri, anụ na-akpụ akpụ n'ime osimiri, na anụ na-enye nwa ara n'ime oké osimiri, yana ụgbọ mmiri na ụsọ mmiri.<ref name="Facts22">{{Cite web|url=http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/marinedebris101|title=Facts about marine debris|publisher=US NOAA|accessdate=10 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213110801/http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/marinedebris101/|archivedate=13 February 2009}}</ref> Mkpofu, mkpofu akpa, ihe na-asachapụ n'ime ebe mmiri ozuzo na ụzọ mmiri na ihe mkpofu ikuku na-efe efe na-ebute nsogbu a. Mmetọ mmiri a na-abawanye ebutela nnukwu mmetụta dị njọ dị ka ụgbụ azụ a tụfuru atụfu na-ejide anụmanụ, itinye ihe mkpofu rọba na nnukwu ihe mkpofu mmiri, yana [[Iba|ịba]] ụba nke mmetọ n'usoro nri. Na mgbalị iji gbochie ma dozie ihe mkpofu mmiri na mmetọ, a nabatara iwu na ụkpụrụ na mba ụwa, na UN gụnyere mbelata mmetọ mmiri na Sustainable Development Goal nke iri na anọ "Life Under Water". Dabere na mkpa ọ metụtara nsogbu na ọkwa dị iche iche nke onyinye, mba ụfọdụ ewebatala iwu nchebe ndị ọzọ akọwapụtara. Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ ndị na-enweghị uru, NGO, na òtù gọọmentị na-emepụta mmemme iji chịkọta ma wepụ plastik n'oké osimiri. Agbanyeghị, na 2017 UN mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2050, a ga-enwe plastik karịa azụ n'oké osimiri ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị nnukwu ihe..<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-27|title=FEATURE: UN's mission to keep plastics out of oceans and marine life|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/04/556132-feature-uns-mission-keep-plastics-out-oceans-and-marine-life|accessdate=2020-12-08|work=UN News|language=en}}</ref>   == Ụdị == [[Usòrò:Beach_at_Msasani_Bay,_Dar_es_Salaam,_Tanzania.JPG|thumb|Ihe mkpofu n'ụsọ osimiri dị nso na Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.]] [[Usòrò:Flostam_tern_island.JPG|thumb|Ihe mkpofu ndị e nwetara n'ụsọ osimiri dị na Tern Island na French Frigate Shoals ihe karịrị otu ọnwa.]] Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-ekewa ihe mkpofu dị ka ala ma ọ bụ oké osimiri; n'afọ 1991, United Nations Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution mere atụmatụ na ihe ruru pasenti iri asatọ nke mmetọ ahụ sitere n'ala, ebe pasenti iri abụo fọdụrụnụ sitere na ọdachi ma ọ bụ isi mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sheavly|first=S. B.|title=Marine Debris & Plastics: Environmental Concerns, Sources, Impacts and Solutions|journal=Journal of Polymers and the Environment|volume=15|issue=4|pages=301–305|year=2007|doi=10.1007/s10924-007-0074-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Weiss|first=K.R.|title=The pileup of plastic debris is more than ugly ocean litter|journal=Knowable Magazine|year=2017|url=https://www.knowablemagazine.org/article/sustainability/2017/pileup-plastic-debris-more-ugly-ocean-litter|doi=10.1146/knowable-120717-211902}}</ref> Nnyocha ndị ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya achọpụtala na ihe karịrị ọkara nke ihe mkpofu plastik a hụrụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri Korea bụ nke oké osimiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jang|first=Yong Chang|title=Sources of plastic marine debris on beaches of Korea: More from the ocean than the land|journal=Ocean Science Journal|date=6 July 2014|volume=49|issue=2|pages=151–162|doi=10.1007/s12601-014-0015-8}}</ref> Ihe dị iche iche nke mmadụ mere nwere ike ịghọ ihe mkpofu mmiri; akpa rọba, balloons, ụgbọ mmiri, eriri, ihe mkpofu ọgwụ, iko na karama rọba, stubs sịga, ọkụ ọkụ sịga, iko ihe ọṅụṅụ, polystyrene, eriri azụ na ụgbụ furu efu, na mkpofu dị iche iche sitere n'ụgbọ mmiri na mmanụ mmanụ so na ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị. asaala ala mmiri. A na-ewere mgbanaka mkpọ isii, karịsịa, dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke nsogbu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Cecil Adams|date=16 July 1999|title=Should you cut up six-pack rings so they don't choke sea birds?|url=https://www.straightdope.com/21342482/should-you-cut-up-six-pack-rings-so-they-don-t-choke-sea-birds|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006061820/http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a990716.html|archivedate=6 October 2008|accessdate=11 August 2008|work=The Straight Dope}}</ref> Ndị agha US jiri ihe a na-atụfu n'oké osimiri maka ngwá agha na bọmbụ ndị a na-ejighị mee ihe, gụnyere bọmbụ nkịtị, UXO, ogbunigwe na ngwá agha kemịkal site na ọ dịkarịa ala nke afọ 1919 ruo afọ 1970.<ref name="wbgh">{{Cite news|author=Edgar B. Herwick III|title=Explosive Beach Objects – Just Another Example Of Massachusetts' Charm|url=http://wgbhnews.org/post/explosive-beach-objects-just-another-example-massachusetts-charm|accessdate=4 August 2015|work=WGBH news|publisher=PBS|date=29 July 2015}}</ref> A tụfuru ọtụtụ nde pound nke ngwá agha na Gulf of [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke ọ dịkarịa ala steeti 16, site na New Jersey ruo Hawaii (ọ bụ ezie na ndị a, n'ezie, anaghị agbanye mmiri n'ụsara osimiri, ọ bụghịkwa US bụ naanị mba mere nke a).<ref name="me">{{Cite news|title=Military Ordinance [sic] Dumped in Gulf of Mexico|url=http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/military-ordinance-dumped-in-gulf-of-mexico|accessdate=4 August 2015|work=Maritime Executive|date=3 August 2015}}</ref> Pasent iri asatọ nke ihe mkpofu mmiri bụ plastik.<ref name="Weisman">{{Cite book|author=Alan Weisman|title=The World Without Us|year=2007|pages=112–128|publisher=St. Martin's Thomas Dunne Books|isbn=978-0312347291}}</ref> Plastic na-agbakọta n'ihi na ha anaghị emebi dịka ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme. Ha na-agbada na foto mgbe ha na-ahụ ìhè anyanwụ, ọ bụ ezie na ha na-eme ya naanị n'ọnọdụ akọrọ, dịka mmiri na-egbochi photolysis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/270/|title=Polymers Are Forever|accessdate=1 July 2008|date=Summer 2007|author=Alan Weisman|publisher=Orion magazine|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516210457/http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/270|archivedate=16 May 2008}}</ref> N'ime nnyocha nke afọ 2014 na-eji ụdị kọmputa, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị sitere n'ìgwè 5 Gyres, mere atụmatụ na 5.25 puku ijeri plastik dị tọn Narị abụọ na iri isii na itoolu gbasara n'oké osimiri n'otu ọnụọgụ ahụ na Northern na Southern Hemispheres.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 Trillion Pieces of Ocean Trash Found, But Fewer Particles Than Expected|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/12/141211-ocean-plastics-garbage-patches-5-gyres-pollution-environment/|accessdate=25 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205025927/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/12/141211-ocean-plastics-garbage-patches-5-gyres-pollution-environment/|archivedate=5 February 2015|date=2014-12-13}}</ref> === Ihe mkpofu ụgbọ mmiri na-adịgide adịgide === Ụfọdụ ihe na ihe omume ndị a na-eji eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-adịghị adị ngwa ngwa, na-adịgide adịgide na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma na-agbakọta ka oge na-aga. Ihe omume ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ, ụgbọ mmiri na aquaculture nke na-ewe ihe ma ọ bụ na-eji akụrụngwa na gburugburu mmiri ma nwee ike tufuo ma ọ bụ tụfuo ngwa, ihe, igwe ma ọ bụ ihe mkpofu siri ike site na usoro mmepụta ihe n'ime mmiri ma ọ bụ banye n'ikpere mmiri. Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye ihe ọ bụla buru ibu dị ka ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ ma ọ bụ dị ntakịrị dị ka urughuru si na Styrofoam lobster floa. N'afọ 2003, e mere nnyocha iji chọpụta ụdị, ọnụ ọgụgụ, isi iyi, na mmetụta nke ihe mkpofu mmiri na-adịgide adịgide na mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na n'akụkụ ụsọ mmiri nke Charlotte County, New Brunswick, ma nyochaa mmekọrịta ọ bụla n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ na ụdị ihe mkpofu ụgbọ mmiri na-anọgide adịgide, na ụdị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ dị nso.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Christine|title=Persistent Industrial Marine Debris: The Relationship Between Marine Debris and Coastal Industrial Activity in Charlotte County New Brunswick|url=https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=MQ79594&op=pdf&app=Library&oclc_number=56632868|accessdate=22 March 2023}}</ref> Ihe ndị dị ka plastik ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ nwere ike ịtọgbọrọ n'ime obere ihe ma nwee ike ịdị ka obere ihe ndị dị n'oké osimiri na anụ ọhịa dịka nnụnụ, cetaceans, na azụ, ha nwekwara ike iri ihe ndị a. Ihe a na-apụghị ịgbari agbari nwere ike ịba n'ime eriri afọ na-emepụta mgbochi ma ọ bụ mmetụta ụgha nke izu oke ma mesịa nwụọ n'ihi enweghị nri kwesịrị ekwesị. === Ụgbụ Mmụọ === {{excerpt|Ghost net}}  === Obere plastik === {{excerpt|Plastic soup#Microplastics|paragraphs=1-2|file=no}} === Ihe mkpofu miri emi nke oké osimiri === A na-ahụ ọbụna ihe mkpofu mmiri n'ala nke oké osimiri Arctic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plastic trash invades arctic seafloor|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57540392/plastic-trash-invades-arctic-seafloor|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025213953/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57540392/plastic-trash-invades-arctic-seafloor/|archivedate=25 October 2012|work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-elekwasị anya n'ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ọmụmụ ihe na mkpokọta plastik n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na mmiri dị n'elu mmiri, na nke ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri na-ebi na ọkwa dị n' elu nke ogidi mmiri riri, enwere obere ozi gbasara mkpofu na mesopelagic na nke miri emi.<ref name=":5">Chiba, S., Saito, H., Fletcher, R., Yogi, T., Kayo, M., Miyagi, S., ... & Fujikura, K. (2018). Human footprint in the abyss: 30 year records of deep-sea plastic debris. ''Marine Policy'', ''96'', 204–212.</ref> Nnyocha e mere emewo nyocha site na nlele ala, nlele vidiyo site na ụgbọ ala ndị a na-arụ n'ime obodo (ROVs), na ndị na-agba mmiri. Ha na-akachasịkwa naanị na ọrụ ndị na-apụ apụ na-adịghị agbatị ogologo oge iji gosipụta mmetụta dị ịrịba ama nke irighiri mmiri dị n'oké osimiri ka oge na-aga. Nnyocha e mere ugbu a egosila na ihe omume anthropogenic na-emetụta irighiri ihe ndị dị n'ime oké osimiri, na a na-ahụkarị plastik n'ime oke osimiri, karịsịa na mpaghara ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nke mpaghara ndị mmadụ bi na ya, dị ka Mediterranean.<ref name=":5" /> A chọpụtala na ihe mkpofu, nke e ji ihe dịgasị iche iche dị arọ karịa mmiri dị n'elu (dị ka iko, ọla na plastik ụfọdụ), gbasaa n'ala oké osimiri na oké osimiri mepere emepe, ebe ọ nwere ike ịghọ mgbagwoju anya na corals ma gbochie ndụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ala mmiri, ma ọ bụ ọbụna lie ya n'okpuru ala, na-eme ka nhicha sie ike nke ukwuu, karịsịa n'ihi nnukwu ebe ọ gbasara ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụgbọ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Goodman|first=Alexa J.|date=2020-01-01|title=Benthic marine debris in the Bay of Fundy, eastern Canada: Spatial distribution and categorization using seafloor video footage|journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin|language=en|volume=150|pages=110722|doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110722|pmid=31733907}}</ref> Plastics nke na-enwekarị ihe na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịmikpu site na nrube isi nke phytoplankton na nchịkọta nke ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ. Usoro oké osimiri ndị ọzọ na-emetụta mgbasa, dị ka oké ifufe nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na convection nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na-ekere òkè n'ebufe nnukwu mkpọ irighiri ihe na irighiri ihe. Njirimara topographic nke okpuru mmiri nwekwara ike ime ka mmiri na-ada ada, na-eduga na njigide microplastics n'ebe ụfọdụ.<ref name=":6">Woodall, L. C., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Canals, M., Paterson, G. L., Coppock, R., Sleight, V., ... & Thompson, R. C. (2014). The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris. Royal Society open science, 1(4), 140317. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140317</nowiki>.</ref> A Deep-sea Debris database site na Global Oceanographic Data Center nke Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), na-egosi afọ iri atọ nke foto na ihe nlele nke ihe mkpofu mmiri kemgbe 1983, ka emere n'ihu ọha n'afọ 2017. Site na puku ise na iri divves na nchekwa data, na-eji ROVs na submersibles miri emi, a gụrụ ihe mkpofu puku atọ, narị anọ na iri abụọ na ise nke mmadụ mere.<ref name=":5">Chiba, S., Saito, H., Fletcher, R., Yogi, T., Kayo, M., Miyagi, S., ... & Fujikura, K. (2018). Human footprint in the abyss: 30 year records of deep-sea plastic debris. ''Marine Policy'', ''96'', 204–212.</ref> Ụdị iberibe ihe abụọ kachasị mkpa bụ macro-plastic, nke mejupụtara 33% nke iberibe a chọtara pasenti iri asatọ na itoolu nke bụ otu eji eme ihe na ígwè, nke mejupụta 26%. A chọtara ọbụna iberibe plastik na ala nke Mariana Trench, na omimi nke 10,898m, a chọtara akpa plastik na-ejikọta na ikuku hydrothermal na obodo ndị na-ajụ oyi.<ref name=":5" /> === Ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa === {{excerpt|Garbage patch|paragraphs=1|file=no}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == [[Usòrò:Friendly_Floatees.png|thumb|Njem nke ndị enyi na enyi na-ese n'elu mmiri.]] Ndị 10 kachasị emetụta mmetọ plastik nke oké osimiri n'ụwa niile bụ, site na ọtụtụ ruo na nke kachasị, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Egypt, Malaysia, Nigeria, na Bangladesh, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site na osimiri Yangtze, Indus, Yellow, Hai, Nile, Ganges, Pearl, Amur, Niger, na Mekong, na-agụnye "pasent 90 nke plastik niile ruru oké osimiri ụwa".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jambeck|first=Jenna R.|title=Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean|journal=Science|date=12 February 2015|volume=347|issue=6223|pages=768–771|url=https://www.iswa.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Calendar_2011_03_AMERICANA/Science-2015-Jambeck-768-71__2_.pdf|accessdate=28 August 2018|doi=10.1126/science.1260352|pmid=25678662}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Christian Schmidt|title=Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea|journal=[[Environmental Science & Technology]]|date=11 October 2017|volume=51|issue=21|pages=12246–12253|doi=10.1021/acs.est.7b02368|pmid=29019247|url=http://oceanrep.geomar.de/43169/4/es7b02368_si_001.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Harald Franzen|title=Almost all plastic in the ocean comes from just 10 rivers|url=https://p.dw.com/p/2oTF6|accessdate=18 December 2018|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=30 November 2017|quote=It turns out that about 90 percent of all the plastic that reaches the world's oceans gets flushed through just 10 rivers: The Yangtze, the Indus, Yellow River, Hai River, the Nile, the Ganges, Pearl River, Amur River, the Niger, and the Mekong (in that order).}}</ref> A na-eme atụmatụ na ụgbọ mmiri 10,000 na-efu n'oké osimiri kwa afọ, na-abụkarị n'oge oké ifufe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/06/0619_seacargo.html|title=Lost Sea Cargo: Beach Bounty or Junk?|accessdate=8 April 2008|date=19 June 2001|author=Janice Podsada|publisher=National Geographic News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406043240/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/06/0619_seacargo.html|archivedate=6 April 2008}}</ref> Otu nsị mere n'[[Òrìmìlì Pacific|Oké]] Osimiri Pacific n'afọ 1992, mgbe ọtụtụ puku ọbọgwụ rọba na ihe egwuregwu ndị ọzọ (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka "Friendly Floatees") gafere n'oké osimiri n'oge oké ifufe. Kemgbe ahụ, a chọtara ihe egwuregwu ahụ n'ụwa niile, na-enye nghọta ka mma banyere mmiri nke oké osimiri. IIhe omume ndị yiri nke ahụ emeela na mbụ, dị ka mgbe Hansa Carrier tụbara arịa iri abụọ na otu (nke nwere akpụkpọ ụkwụ Nike na-adọrọ adọrọ).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/science/05/28/coolsc.oceansecrets/index.html|title=How sneakers, toys and hockey gear help ocean science|accessdate=8 April 2008|date=28 May 2003|author=Marsha Walton|publisher=CNN}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, MSC Napoli kwụsịrị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri English Channel, na-atụfu ọtụtụ narị containers, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-asacha na Jurassic Coast, World Heritage Site.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/devon/6287457.stm|title=Scavengers take washed-up goods|accessdate=8 April 2008|date=22 January 2007|work=BBC News}}</ref> Nnyocha nke afọ 2021 na-esote ọnwụ nke afọ 2014 nke akpa na-ebu cartridges na-ebi akwụkwọ gbakọrọ na ụfọdụ cartridgs agbasaala na nkezi ọsọ nke dị n'etiti 6 cm na 13 cm kwa sekọnd.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Wilson|first=Jonathan|date=April 29, 2021|title=Ship's lost plastic cargo washes up on shores from Florida to Norway|url=https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2021/04/ship-s-lost-plastic-cargo-washes-up-on-shores-from-florida-to-norway/|work=E&T Magazine|accessdate=May 1, 2021}}</ref> Ihe mberede nke ụgbọ mmiri Tokio Express n'afọ 1997 n'ụsọ oké osimiri Britain mere ka ụgbọ mmiri na-ebu ibu na-enweghị ihe ruru nde Lego 5. Ụfọdụ n'ime iberibe ndị ahụ ghọrọ ndị bara uru n'etiti ndị na-anakọta ndị na-achọ dragọn Lego n'akụkụ osimiri. O nyekwaara nghọta bara uru n'ịmụ mmebi nbibi nke mmiri.<ref name="lego_plastic">{{Cite web|title=How long does it take for plastic to degrade: the Lego bricks study|url=https://thefactsource.com/how-long-does-it-take-for-plastic-to-degrade-the-lego-bricks-study/|work=The Fact Source|date=19 July 2021|accessdate=20 August 2021}}</ref> Na Halifax Harbour, [[Nova Scotia]], 52% nke ihe sitere na iji ogige ntụrụndụ emebere, 14% sitere na mkpofu nsị na naanị 7% site na mbupu na ọrụ ịkụ azụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Walker|first=T.R.|year=2006|title=Accumulation of marine debris on an intertidal beach in an urban park (Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233420832|format=PDF|journal=Water Quality Research Journal of Canada|volume=41|issue=3|pages=256–262|doi=10.2166/wqrj.2006.029}}</ref> Ihe dị ka ụzọ anọ n'ụzọ ise<ref name="Algalita">{{Cite web|url=http://www.algalita.org/pdf/PLASTIC%20DEBRIS%20ENGLISH.pdf|title=Plastic Debris: from Rivers to Sea|accessdate=29 May 2008|publisher=Algalita Marine Research Foundation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819214304/http://www.algalita.org/pdf/PLASTIC%20DEBRIS%20ENGLISH.pdf|archivedate=19 August 2008}}</ref> Nke irighiri ihe n'oké osimiri sitere na ihe mkpofu a na-awụba na mmiri site na ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa, na mmiri na-asọpụta n'obodo ukwu.[3].<ref name="Facts22" /> Ụfọdụ nnyocha na-egosi na irighiri mmiri nwere ike na-akpa n'ebe ụfọdụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2016 nke Aruba chọpụtara na irighiri ihe chọpụtara na akụkụ ikuku nke àgwàetiti ahụ bụ ihe na-emekarị na mmiri mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Scisciolo|first=Tobia|year=2016|title=Beach debris on Aruba, Southern Caribbean: Attribution to local land-based and distal marine-based sources|journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin|volume=106|issue=–2|pages=49–57|doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.039|pmid=27039956}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, a chịkọtara ma nyochaa irighiri ihe si n'akụkụ osimiri isii dị na Korea: 56% bụ nke "dabere n'oké osimiri" yana 44% "dabere na ala.".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Yong|first=C|year=2013|title=Sources of plastic marine debris on beaches of Korea: More from the ocean than the land|journal=Ocean Science Journal|volume=49|issue=2|pages=151–162|doi=10.1007/s12601-014-0015-8}}</ref> N'afọ 1987 Syringe Tide, a na-asa ihe mkpofu ahụike n'ikpere mmiri na [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]] mgbe a na-afụ ya site na Fresh Kills Landfill.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEFD81439F93BA35751C1A961948260|title=New York City to Pay Jersey Town $1 Million Over Shore Pollution|accessdate=25 June 2008|date=8 December 1987|author=Alfonso Narvaez|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://library.marist.edu/diglib/EnvSci/archives/hudsmgmt/ny-njharborestuaryprogram/debris.html|title=A Summary of the Proposed Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan|accessdate=25 June 2008|date=February 1995|publisher=New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050524210352/http://library.marist.edu/diglib/EnvSci/archives/hudsmgmt/ny-njharborestuaryprogram/debris.html|archivedate=24 May 2005}}</ref> N'àgwàetiti dịpụrụ adịpụ nke South Georgia, ihe mkpofu metụtara ịkụ azụ, ihe dịka pasenti iri asatọ na plastik, na-akpata mgbagwoju anya nke ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke akara akpụkpọ anụ Antarctic. == Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi == [[Usòrò:Albatross_at_Midway_Atoll_Refuge_(8080507529).jpg|thumb|Ihe fọdụrụ n'otu albatross nwere flotsam a na-eri.]] Ọ bụghị ihe niile gbasara mmadụ na-etinye n'ime oke osimiri na-emerụ ahụ. Ígwè na ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe na-emebikarị gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi na ha na-adaba n'ala ala ma ghọọ ndị na-adịghị agagharị agagharị, na n'ime omimi nke na-emighị emi, ha nwere ike ọbụna na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-emepụta ihe. Ụgbọ mmiri na ụgbọ ala ụgbọ oloko ejiriwo ụma kpukpu maka nzube ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://192.5.14.110/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1377/MR1377.ch5.pdf|work=Disposal Options for Ships|title=Chapter 5: Reefing|accessdate=3 May 2008|date=2 August 2006|author=Ron Hess|publisher=Rand Corporation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629110318/http://192.5.14.110/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1377/MR1377.ch5.pdf|archivedate=29 June 2007}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, a mara crabs hermit ka ọ na-eji iberibe ihe mkpofu n'ụsọ osimiri dị ka shei mgbe ha na-enweghị ike ịhụ ezigbo sheshell nke nha ha chọrọ.[35].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Miller|first=Shawn|title=Crabs With Beach Trash Homes – Okinawa, Japan|url=http://okinawanaturephotography.com/crabs-with-beach-trash-homes-okinawa-japan/|work=Okinawa Nature Photography|accessdate=14 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014084009/http://okinawanaturephotography.com/crabs-with-beach-trash-homes-okinawa-japan/|archivedate=14 October 2017|date=2014-10-19}}</ref> === Mmetụta sitere na mmetọ plastik === N'ime mmiri nke United States, e nweela ọtụtụ ihe a hụrụ site na mmetọ gụnyere: mpaghara hypoxic, okooko osisi agal na-emerụ ahụ, na ụdị ndị na-eyi egwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Craig|first=R.|date=2005|title=Protecting International Marine Biodiversity: International Treaties and National Systems of Marine Protected Areas|journal=Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law|volume=20|issue=2|pages=333–369}}</ref> N'afọ 1972, United States Congress weputara Iwu Mmiri Mmiri, na-enye Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi ike iji nyochaa ma chịkwaa nsị mmiri, ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ, ihe mkpuchi radiation na ihe ndị na-emebi ihe n'ime mmiri nke mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epw.senate.gov/mprsa72.pdf|title=Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972|date=29 December 2000|publisher=US Senate|accessdate=29 May 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530014214/http://epw.senate.gov/mprsa72.pdf|archivedate=30 May 2008}}</ref> E dezigharịrị Iwu ahụ afọ iri na isii ka e mesịrị iji tinye ihe mkpofu ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/mprsa/02.htm|title=Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988|date=21 November 1988|publisher=US EPA|accessdate=29 May 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511183756/http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/mprsa/02.htm|archivedate=11 May 2009}}</ref> Ọ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị iwepụ plastik ọ bụla na mmiri US.<ref name="Facts22" /> [[Usòrò:How_long_until_it's_gone.jpg|thumb|Oge ire ure nke ihe mkpofu mmiri]] Ihe mkpofu mmiri bụ nsogbu zuru ebe niile, ọ bụghị naanị nsonaazụ ọrụ na mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chow|first=Lorraine|date=29 June 2016|title=80% Of Ocean Plastic Comes From Land-Based Sources, New Report Finds.|url=http://www.ecowatch.com/80-of-ocean-plastic-comes-from-land-based-sources-new-report-finds-1891173457.html.|journal=EcoWatch}}</ref> Mpekere rọba sitere na steeti dị n'ime ala na-esi na isi ebe abụọ bụ isi: mkpofu nkịtị na ihe ndị sitere na mkpofu oghere na ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa na-efega ma ọ bụ na-asọga n'okporo ụzọ mmiri dị n'ime ime na mmiri mkpofu na-asọpụta. Ihe mkpofu ahụ na-esi n'ụzọ mmiri, osimiri, iyi na ọdọ mmiri gaa n'oké osimiri. Ọ bụ ezie na nhicha nke oké osimiri na mpaghara osimiri dị mkpa, ọ dị oke mkpa iji dozie ihe mkpofu plastik nke sitere na steeti ndị dị n'ime ala na steeti na-enweghị ala.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tibbetts|first=John H.|title=Managing Marine Plastic Pollution: Policy Initiatives to Address Wayward Waste|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|date=April 2015|volume=123|issue=4|pages=A90-3|doi=10.1289/ehp.123-A90|pmid=25830293}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Na usoro usoro, enwere ụzọ dị iche iche iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe mkpofu na-abanye n'ụzọ mmiri anyị: * Melite njem mkpofu gaa na site na saịtị site na iji nchekwa na mbupu akpa mechiri emechi * Gbochi ebe a na-eme ihe mkpofu n'akụkụ ụzọ mmiri * Kwalite ojiji nke mmanụ a na-enweta na Refuse. Plastiki eji eme ihe nke nwere ọnụ ahịa dị ala anaghị emegharị ya ọzọ ma o yikarịrị ka ọ ga-abanye n'oké osimiri.<ref>''Stemming the tide: Land-based strategies for a plastic-free ocean'' (pp. 1–48, Rep.). (2015). McKinsey Center for Business and Environment.</ref> Otú ọ dị, ịtụgharị plastik ndị a a na-achọghị nke ga-anọ n'ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa n'ime mmanụ a na-enweta na-enye ohere maka iji ya eme ihe ọzọ; enwere ike iji ha dị ka mmanụ mgbakwunye na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik * Melite ọnụego mgbake maka plastik (n'afọ 2012, United States mepụtara nde tọn 11.46 nke ihe mkpofu plastik, nke naanị 6.7% ka a nwetaghachiri.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=EPA|title=Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2012|url=https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/web/pdf/2012_msw_fs.pdf}}</ref> * Adapt Extended Producer Responsibility strategies iji mee ka ndị na-emepụta na-ahụ maka njikwa ngwaahịa mgbe ngwaahịa na nkwakọ ngwaahịa ha ghọrọ ihe mkpofu; gbaa ume ka a na-eji emepụta ngwaahịa iji belata mmetụta ọjọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Nash|first=Jennifer|title=Extended Producer Responsibility in the United States|journal=Journal of Industrial Ecology|date=April 2013|volume=17|issue=2|pages=175–185|doi=10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00572.x}}</ref> * machibido iji nzacha sịga ma guzobe usoro nkwụnye ego maka e-siga (dị ka nke a na-eji maka propane canisters)<ref name="nationalgeographic.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/08/cigarettes-story-of-plastic/|title=Cigarette butts are toxic plastic pollution. Should they be banned?|date=9 August 2019|work=Environment}}</ref> [[Usòrò:7_Swaps.jpg|thumb|7 mgbanwe dị mfe maka otu ihe ndị mmadụ nwere ike ime iji chekwaa ihe mkpofu.]] Ndị na-eri nri nwere ike inye aka belata ọnụ ọgụgụ plastik na-abanye n'okporo ụzọ mmiri site na ibelata ojiji nke plastik a na-eji otu eme ihe, na-ezere microbeads, isonye na nhicha mmiri ma ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri..<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oceanicsociety.org/blog/1720/7-ways-to-reduce-ocean-plastic-pollution-todayStrategies|title=7 Ways To Reduce Ocean Plastic Pollution Today|work=www.oceanicsociety.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330075852/https://www.oceanicsociety.org/blog/1720/7-ways-to-reduce-ocean-plastic-pollution-todayStrategies|archivedate=30 March 2018}}</ref> == Hụkwa ihe Ọzọ ==   == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cisg4xo98ccvrgx2ltbq1aetbpu7v9g 0 25861 692369 137756 2026-07-29T21:06:41Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Oluwafemi Adewunmi Abdulateef Fani-Kayode''' // (na-ege ntị)(amụrụ na 16 Ọktoba 1960) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, onye edemede, onye na-ede uri na onye ọka iwu. Ọ bụ onye otu [[Peoples Democratic Party]] (PDP) na-achị. Ọ nọ na All Progressive Congress (APC) nke ndị mmegide ruo June 2014 mgbe ọ laghachiri na [[Peoples Democratic Party]] na-achị ma ọ bụ ezie na agbụrụ ezinụlọ ya sitere na [[Ȯra Osun|Osun]], a mụrụ ya na [[Lagos]], na 16 Ọktoba 1960 na Chief [[Remi Fani-Kayode]] na Chief (Mrs) Adia Adunni Fani- Kayode. Ọ bụ onye isi Ile-Ife nke sitere na ndị [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]]. Fani-Kayode bụ onye enyemaka pụrụ iche (Public Affairs) nke Onye isi ala [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] site na July 2003 ruo June 2006. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista nke Ọdịbendị na Njem nke. Federal Republic nke Nigeria site na 22 June ruo 7 Nọvemba 2006 nakwa dị ka Minista nke Ụgbọelu site na 7 November 2006 ruo 29 May 2007.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDHvvZCAcMw "Chief Femi Fani Kayode at the Senate Ministerial Screening – Pt 1"], ''Youtube'', June 2006.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLfmXNIZq1w "Chief Femi Fani Kayode at the Senate Ministerial Screening – Pt 2"], ''Youtube'', June 2006.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFvIF8nMGsQ "Chief Femi Fani Kayode at the Senate Ministerial Screening – Pt 3"], ''Youtube'', June 2006.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xs-5HR7MLhw "Chief Femi Fani Kayode at the Senate Ministerial Screening – Pt 4"], ''Youtube'', June 2006.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y77XNkxnXhI "Chief Femi Fani Kayode at the Senate Ministerial Screening – Pt 5"], ''Youtube'', June 2006.</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://entertainment.naij.com/722593-see-exclusive-photos-fani-kayodes-first-son.html|title=First photos of Fani-Kayode's son|first=Nnenna|author=Ibeh|date=8 February 2016|publisher=NAIJ|accessdate=8 April 2017}}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeU_d8fjuis "Chief Femi Fani Kayode at the Senate Ministerial Screening – Pt 6"], ''Youtube'', June 2006.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoDZ1ZQZMXM "Chief Femi Fani Kayode at the Senate Ministerial Screening – Pt 7"], ''Youtube'', June 2006.</ref> == Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Nna nna ya, Rev. Emmanuel adedapo koyode bụ otu n'ime ụmụ Naijiria mbụ gụrụ akwụkwọ na England na-enweta MA na Mahadum Durham, emesia ọ ghọrọ onye Anglịkan. Nna nna ya, Victor Adedapo Kayode, gụrụ akwụkwọ iwu na Mahadum Cambridge wee ghọọ onye ọka iwu na onye ọka ikpe. Nna ya [[Remi Fani-Kayode|Victor Babaremilekun Adetokunboh Fani-Kayode]], onye nọkwa na Cambridge bụ onye ọka iwu a ma ama na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Naijiria na 1950s na 1960s. Ọ bụ onye ndú nke National Council of Nigeria na Cameroons Opposition na Western House of Assembly site na 1960 ruo 1963, Hon. Minista nke Gọọmentị Obodo na Chieftaincy Affairs na osote onye isi ala nke mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Naịjirịa site na 1963 ruo 1966 ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịkwaga mmegharị maka nnwere onwe Naịjiria na 1958 na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Naịjirị.<ref>Richard L. Sklar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&q=Nigerian+Political+Parties:+Power+in+an+Emergent+African+Nation ''Power in an Emergent African Nation''], ''Google Books'', p. 269.</ref><ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201009270537.html "The Truth About the Motion for Independence"], AllAfrica.com, 27 September 2010.</ref> Femi fani-kayode bidoro akwụkwọ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ na Brighton College, Brighton na UK mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ Ulo akwukwo ulo na Tunbridge Wells, Kent, south-east England Ulo akwukwo ulo na Tunbridge Wells, Kent south-east England. Ọ banyere , United Kingdom ma mesịa banye Kelly College na Tavistock, UK, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze. N'afọ 1980, Femi Fani-Kayodondon, fọ 1995.<ref name="seperating the wheat">Emmanuel Ajibulu, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195403/http://www.businessguideghana.com/nigeria-business/2642-femi-fani-kayode-separating-the-wheat-from-the-chaff.html "Femi Fani-Kayode- Separating the Wheat from the Chaff"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195403/http://www.businessguideghana.com/nigeria-business/2642-femi-fani-kayode-separating-the-wheat-from-the-chaff.html|date=23 September 2015}}, ''Business Guide Ghana'', Monday, 7 December 2009.</ref> [[Usòrò:Femi-fani-kayode.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Femi Fani-Kayode, Femi Anibaba (onye bụbu Minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ) na Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai (onye bụzi Minista nke Federal Capital Territory) na nzukọ ndị isi ala Obasanjo na 2007. ]] Femi Fani-Kayode bụ onye otu Nigerian National Congress (NNC) n'afọ 1989. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ndu ndị ntorobịa nke NNC n'otu afọ ahụ. N'afọ 1990, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi odeakwụkwọ mgbasa ozi nke Chief [[Tom Ikimi]], onye isi oche mba mbụ nke National Republican Convention (NRC) na 1991 dị ka onye enyemaka pụrụ iche nke Alhaji Umaru Shinkafi, onye bụbu onye isi nke Nigerian Security Organisation (NSO). N'afọ 1996, ihe Gen. mere na-enye ya nsogbu. Ndị agha [[Sani Abacha]], Femi Fani-Kayode hapụrụ Naijiria wee sonye na National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) na mba ofesi ebe, ya na ndị ọka iwu a zụrụ na Mahadum Oxford Chief Tunde Edu na ndị ọzọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ukwuu n'ọgụ megide Abacha.<ref name="sleepless nights">[http://www.pointblanknews.com/os2240.html "Soyinka, Umar gave OBJ sleepless nights -Fani Kayode "], ''Point Blank News'', 4 October 2009.</ref> Ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa n'afọ 2001 wee zute Onye isi ala Olusegun Obasanjo. Na mbido afọ 2003, Onye isi ala họpụtara Femi Fani-Kayode dị ka onye otu ndị otu ya maka ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2003. Mgbe Onye isi ala Obasanjo meriri na ntuli aka ahụ, a họpụtara Femi Fani-Kayode dị ka onye enyemaka pụrụ iche mbụ na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ọha na eze nye Onye isi ala nke Federal Republic of Nigeria. N'afọ 2006, a họpụtara ya dị ka Minista Na-asọpụrụ nke Ọdịbendị na Njem. N'otu afọ ahụ, mgbe obere mgbanwe nke kọmitii gasịrị, e zigara ya na Ministri ụgbọelu dị ka Minista Na-asọpụrụ nke ụgbọelu. Kemgbe njedebe nke ọchịchị onye isi ala Olusegun Obasanjo na 29 Mee 2007 Femi fani-kayode alaghachila n'ụlọ ọrụ nzuzo na n'usoro iwu ya == Ihe ịma aka na ebubo == [[Usòrò:Obj-fani-kayode.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Chief Femi Fani-Kayode (n'aka ekpe) na President [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] na nri ehihie onwe onye iji sọpụrụ ụbọchị ọmụmụ 50 nke Chief Fani- Kayode na 18 Ọktoba 2010.]] Ndị na-ahụ maka mpụ na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na ego (EFCC) nyochara ma jide Femi Fani-kayode n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2008 maka ebubo eboro ebubo na o ji ego ruru ijeri naira 19.5 (ihe dị ka ihe ruru US$300,000,000) "Ụlọ Ọrụ Nkwado Ụgbọelu." Nnyocha ahụ ahụghị ihe akaebe megide ya.<ref>Funso Muraina and Ahamefula Ogbu, [http://allafrica.com/stories/200807030142.html "Nigeria: Borishade, Fani-Kayode Arraigned, Denied Bail"], ''All-Africa.com'', 3 July 2008.</ref> Kọmitii Senate na Aviation na mbido afọ 2008, na mbụ tụrụ aro ka a machibido Fani-Kayode ịrụ ọrụ ọha na eze ruo afọ ise mana ọ wepụrụ arịrịọ ahụ mgbe ọ na-emebighị iwu ọ bụla. [[Usòrò:Ibb-fani-kayode.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Chief Femi Fani-Kayode na onye bụbu onye isi agha, General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] (rtd) na nri abalị nzuzo iji sọpụrụ ụbọchị ọmụmụ 50 nke Chief Fani- Kayode nke General Babangida haziri na Lagos na 17 Ọktoba 2010.]] Na mbido afọ 2010, e nwere ịkọ nkọ na ọgụ ike amalitela na Naịjirịa na Onye isi ala Obasanjo na ndị na-akwado ya na-agba Yar'Adua ume ka ọ daa ma nyefee ike na osote onye isi ala ya, Dr. [[Goodluck Jonathan]]. Ndị na-akwado Yar'Adua guzogidere aro a na akụkụ nke nzaghachi ha maka ihe ịma aka ahụ bụ itinye usoro ọzọ iji gbalịa ịgbachi nkịtị ma menye egwu Onye isi ala Obasanjo na ndị na-akwado ya dị ka El-Rufai, Fani-Kayode, Ribadu, Lawal Batagarawa, [[Nenadi Usman|Nnenadi Usman]] na [[Emmanuel Nnamdi Uba|Andy Uba]] site n'ebo ha ebubo na ha na ha na-akpa nkata ọchịchị. Nke a bụ otu usoro ahụ General [[Sani Abacha]] nabatara bụ onye tụrụ Obasanjo mkpọrọ maka ebubo yiri nke ahụ mgbe ọ nọ n'ọchịchị. A tọhapụrụ General Obasanjo ma gbaghara ya ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị mgbe Abacha nwụsịrị na mgbe General [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] weghaara ọchịchị. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2010, Fani-Kayode kwuru na Yar'Adua chọrọ ịtụ onye bu ya ụzọ n'ọchịchị na nwoke ahụ ji aka ya mee ka ọ bụrụ onye ọchịchị, Onye isi ala [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], yana ndị na-akwado ya, gụnyere El-Rufai, Ribadu, na Fani- Kayode n'onwe ya.<ref name="seye">Seye Kehinde ,[http://www.modernghana.com/news/304547/1/yaraduas-plan-was-to-destroy-obasanjo-ex-aviation-.html "Yar'Adua's plan was to destroy Obasanjo, Ex-Aviation Minister, Femi Fani-Kayode – (Part I)"], ''Modern Ghana'', 15 November 2010.</ref> O kwukwara na Baba Gana Kingibe, odeakwụkwọ nke gọọmentị etiti n'oge ọchịchị Yar'Adua, bụ onye isi na-ahụ maka atụmatụ ahụ nakwa na ndị ọrụ ọchịchị Yar'adua James Ibori, [[Tanimu Yakubu]], Abba Ruma na Michael Aondoakaa sokwa na ya.<ref name="seye" /> N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2020, mgbe ọ na-aga mkparịta ụka [[Naijiria|ndị]] nta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi n'oge njem ya na Southern Nigeria, ọ kparịrị ma kwutọọ onye nta akụkọ si Daily Trust, onye enyemaka nke [[Media trust|ntụkwasị obi mgbasa ozi]]. A na-ekwu na onye nta akụkọ ahụ kwuru na ọ maghị onye na-enye ego na nke a mere ka FFK kwụsị ikwu okwu. Ụlọ mgbasa ozi yana [[ndị Naijiria]] na Twitter na netwọk mmekọrịta ndị ọzọ gosipụtara enweghị obi ụtọ dị ukwuu na ọtụtụ mkparị ya na-ewere eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụ onye ọka iwu ma nwee ike igosiwanye omume ọma. N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2020, ọ rịọrọ onye nta akụkọ ahụ mgbaghara nke a na-ewere dị ka onye obi na onye na-enweghị obi na onye obi eziokwu n'akụkụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-26|title=FANI-KAYODE VS NUJ: Outrage, condemnation trail assault on journalist|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/fani-kayode-vs-nuj-outrage-condemnation-trail-verbal-assault-on-journalist/|accessdate=2020-08-26|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> == EFCC jidere ya == EFCC jidere Fani-Kayode na Disemba 2008 ma boo ya ebubo iri anọ na asaa nke ịpụnara ego. Fani-Kayode kwuru na aka ya dị ọcha nakwa na ego ahụ bụ ego natara site na azụmaahịa onwe ya na isi mmalite iwu kwadoro ma ọ nweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na ego gọọmentị.<ref name="rule">http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/nvnews/37575/1/farida-amp-efcc-is-this-rule-of-law.html Economic and Financial Crimes Commission.</ref><ref name="seye"/> O kwuru na nyocha nke gọọmentị Yar'Adua na EFCC sitere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, a na-akpagbu ya n'otu ụzọ ahụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya si n'ọchịchị Obasanjo, dị ka Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai na Nuhu Ribadu, maka mmekọrịta ha na Onye isi ala Obasanjo.<ref name="sleepless nights"/> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, e jidere ndị ọrụ EFCC n'ebubo iri na asaa nke njigide iwu na-akwadoghị, iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ iwu na-ekwadoghị na ịkwụ ụgwọ ego ruru ijeri N4.9, ebubo nke ụlọ ọrụ na-emegide iri ngo wetara ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/fani-kayode-arrested-by-efcc/|title=Fani-Kayode arrested by EFCC {{!}} The Sun News|work=sunnewsonline.com|date=21 October 2016|accessdate=2016-10-25}}</ref> == A tọhapụrụ Fani-Kayode ma tọhapụ ya maka ebubo ịkwụ ụgwọ ego == Na nkwupụta mmeri ya, Fani-Kayode gbanwere aha ya. Oluwafemi Fani-Kayode na Olufemi Olu-Kayode (nke pụtara Onyenwe anyị na-eweta ọṅụ). Dị ka o si kwuo, e mere nke a dị ka akara ekele nye Chineke mgbe ọ tọhapụrụ ebubo niile fọdụrụnụ nke EFCC wetara ya. Fani-Kayode lụrụ ọgụ n'okwu ahụ kemgbe 1 Julaị 2008 ma mechaa wepụ ya ebubo niile fọdụrụnụ nke a na-ewepụghị na 1 Julayi 2015. Nke a bụ afọ 7 ruo ụbọchị ọ malitere ịta ahụhụ mbụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=www.thisdaylive.com|title=Fani-Kayode Changes His Name as Court Acquits Him of Money Laundering|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/fani-kayode-changes-his-name-as-court-acquits-him-of-money-laundering/213667/|accessdate=5 July 2015}}</ref> == Abụ na edemede == [[Usòrò:F-Fani-Kayode.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Onye isi Femi Fani-Kayode]] N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2009, tupu Yar'Adua arịa ọrịa, Fani-Kayode dere uri akpọrọ "I Stand and I Fight".<ref name="stand">[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/nvnews/38777/1/none.html "I Stand and Fight"], ''The Nigerian Voice'', 17 November 2010.</ref> N'abụ a, ọ kọwara Yar'Adua dị ka "onye ọchịchị aka ike na-arịa ọrịa nwere ntọala amalekite" ma buru amụma na "ọgwụgwụ ya ga-abịa n'oge na-adịghị anya".<ref name="stand" /> Fani-Kayode dere uri ndị ọzọ n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga.<ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/nvnews/18282/1/femi-fani-kayode-a-tribute-to-the-warrior.html "A Tribute to the Warrior"], ''The Nigerian Voice'', 9 April 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.modernghana.com/news/369015/1/st-barts-and-the-god-sent-child.html "St. Barts and The God-Sent Child"], ''Modern Ghana'', 27 December 2011.</ref> N'ọnwa Jenụwarị 2010 na ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ ka Yaradua hapụrụ Nigeria wee buru ya gaa Saudi Arabia n'ihi ahụike (n'oge ahụ ọ dịghị Nigeria ọzọ ma e wezụga nwunye ya na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ya. hụrụ ya ma ọ bụ hụ foto ya ọ bụla). [[Usòrò:F-Fani-Kayode.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Onye isi Femi Fani-Kayode]] == Ezinụlọ == Femi Fani-Kayode lụrụ di ugboro anọ. Alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya bụ Saratu "Baby" Atta na 1987 ma ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 1990.<ref>[http://pointblanknews.com/os3055.html "THE FANI KAYODE INTERVIEW: WE WANTED EL-RUFAI FOR PRESIDENT-FANI KAYODE"], ''Point Blank News'', 16 March 2010.</ref> Ha nwere otu nwa nwanyị aha ya bụ Oluwafolake. Alụmdi na nwunye nke abụọ bụ onye Yemen Olasunbo Adeniji na 1991 mana ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 1995. Ha nwere ụmụ nwanyị atọ aha ha bụ Oluwatemitope, Oluwatobiloba na Oluwatuminu. Alụmdi na nwunye nke atọ bụ Regina-Hanson Amonoo. Ha lụrụ na 1997 ma nwee otu nwa nwanyị, onye aha ya bụ Oluwaremilekun. N'afọ 2014, Femi Fani-Kayode na Precious [[Precious Chikwendu|Chikwendu]], eze nwanyị mara mma na onye mmeri nke asọmpi ịma mma Miss United Nations (ụwa) 2014, lụrụ di na nwunye. Nke a bụ alụmdi na nwunye ya nke anọ. Na 1 Febụwarị 2016 Fani-Kayode na nwunye ya mụrụ nwa mbụ ha.<ref name=":1"/> A kpọrọ ya Joshua Oluwafemi Emmanuel Lotanna Aragorn Fani-Kayode. Ọ bụ nwa mbụ nke Fani-Kayode. Na 25 Mee 2018 Precious Chikwendu Fani-Kayode mụrụ ụmụ nwoke atọ. Aha ha bụ: 1. Ragnar, Alexander, Okunade, Olusegun, Ikenna Fani-Kayode 2. Aiden, Daniel, Olumide, Jidenna, Benaniah Fani-Kayode 3. Liam, Michael, Oluwanifemi, Tobenna, Jehu Fani-Kayode<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/fani-kayodes-wife-delivered-of-a-set-of-triplets/|title=Fani-Kayode's wife delivered of a set of triplets|date=25 May 2018|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref> A mụrụ ụmụ atọ ahụ ka ọ dịkwuo mma n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na a mụrụ ha n'ụbọchị ọmụmụ nne ha. Nwanne nwoke nke Femi Fani-Kayode, [[Rotimi Fani-Kayode|Rotimi]] Fani- Kayode, bụ onye a ma ama na onye na-ese foto na onye na'ese foto nke guzobere Association of Black Photographers (Autograph) ma nwụọ na 1989 n'ihi nsogbu sitere na nje HIV. == Ihe odide == {{DEFAULTSORT:Fani-Kayode, Femi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:1960 births]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] clfkbqm8xfc6ta0p0bxa4wne6u1kmf0 0 26321 692287 406759 2026-07-29T18:24:36Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Heavy_mist.jpg|alt=photograph of heavy mist|thumb|Anwụrụ ọkụ na alụlụ bụ aerosols]] Aerosol bụ nkwụsị nke ezigbo ihe siri ike ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri na ikuku ma ọ bụ gas ọzọ. [1] '''Aerosols''' nwere ike ịbụ ihe okike ma ọ bụ nke mmadụ. Ihe atụ nke aerosols sitere n'okike bụ alụlụ ma ọ bụ alụlụ, uzuzu, ihe ndị na esi n'oké ọhịa apụta, na anwụrụ ọkụ. Ihe atụ nke aerosols sitere n'aka mmadụ gụnyere ihe na emetọ ikuku, anwụrụ ọkụ sitere na nsị na mmiri eletrik, anwụrụ mmiri, ihe na esi ísì ụtọ sitere na atomizers, anwụrụ, uzuzu, anwụrụ si na kettle, ọgwụ ahụhụ a na awụfu, na ọgwụgwọ ahụike maka ọrịa iku ume. [1] Mgbe mmadụ na ekuru ihe dị n'ime pensụl ma ọ bụ e cigarette, ha na ekuru anthropogenic aerosol.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tobacco: E-cigarettes|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/tobacco-e-cigarettes|accessdate=2021-08-24|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Spray_can.jpg|thumb|Spray nwere ike]] Mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike dị na aerosol nwere diameters na erughị 1 μm (ihe ndị buru ibu nwere nnukwu ọsọ na eme ka ngwakọta ahụ bụrụ nkwụsị, mana ọdịiche ahụ abụghị nke doro anya). Na mkparịta ụka n'ozuzu, ''aerosol'' na ezo aka na usoro nkesa nke na ebute ngwaahịa ndị ahịa site na ite. Ọrịa nwere ike ịgbasa site na obere mmiri na ume, mgbe ụfọdụ a na akpọ bioaerosols.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hunziker|first=Patrick|date=2021-10-01|title=Minimising exposure to respiratory droplets, 'jet riders' and aerosols in air-conditioned hospital rooms by a 'Shield-and-Sink' strategy|url=https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/10/e047772|journal=BMJ Open|language=en|volume=11|issue=10|pages=e047772|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047772|pmid=34642190|issn=2044-6055}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e3INDgAAQBAJ&q=%C2%A0Diseases+can+also+spread+by+means+of+small+droplets+in+the+breath+called+aerosols&pg=PA129|title=Surgical Technology – E-Book: Principles and Practice|author=Fuller|first=Joanna Kotcher|date=2017-01-31|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-43056-2|language=en}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Usòrò:Fly_Ash_FHWA_dot_gov.jpg|alt=Fly ash particles shown at 2,000 times magnification|thumb|Photomicrograph e ji Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) mee: Akụkụ ntụ na efe efe na 2,000 × magnification. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na aerosol a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okirikiri.]] A na akọwa Aerosol dị ka usoro nkwụsị nke ihe siri ike ma ọ bụ mmiri na gas. Aerosol na agụnye ma ụmụ irighiri ihe na gas na akwụsi ike, nke na abụkarị ikuku. [1] Ndị na ahụ maka ihu igwe na akpọkarị ha ihe ụmụ irighari PM2.5 ma ọ bụ PM10, dabere na nha ha.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Aerosols: Tiny Particles, Big Impact|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Aerosols|work=earthobservatory.nasa.gov|language=en|date=2 November 2010}}</ref> Frederick G. Donnan nwere ike ịbụ onye mbụ jiri okwu ''aerosol'' mee ihe n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ iji kọwaa ngwọta aero, igwe ojii nke ụmụ irighiri microscopic na ikuku. Okwu a mepụtara n'ụzọ yiri nke okwu hydrosol, usoro colloid nwere mmiri dị ka ihe na agbasa agbasa. [1] Aerosols mbụ nwere ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a na etinye kpọmkwem na gas; ''aerosols'' nke abụọ na emepụta site na ntụgharị gas na particle. [2] Ndị isi aerosol gụnyere sulfates, organic carbon, black carbon, nitrates, mineral dust, na nnu oké osimiri, ha na agbakọta ọnụ iji mepụta ngwakọta dị mgbagwoju anya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Aerosols: Tiny Particles, Big Impact|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Aerosols|work=earthobservatory.nasa.gov|language=en|date=2 November 2010}}</ref> Ụdị aerosol dị iche iche, nke a na ekewa dabere na ọdịdị anụ ahụ na otu esi emepụta ha, gụnyere uzuzu, anwụrụ ọkụ, anwụrụ na anwụrụ ọkụ. [1] E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na atụle nke aerosol concentration. Sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na [[Environmental health|ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi]] anaghị eji oke (''M''), akọwapụtara dị ka ''oke'' nke ihe particulate kwa unit, na nkeji dịka μg / m3. A ''n''a ejikarị ọnụ ọgụgụ (N), ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe kwa unit, na nkeji dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ kwa m3 ma ọ bụ ''ọnụ ọgụgụ'' kwa cm3. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na njirimara ụmụ irighari, na radius ma ọ bụ dayameta nke aerosol bụ isi ihe eji emepụta aerosols. Aerosols dịgasị iche na mgbasa ha. A monodisperse aerosol, nke a na emepụta na ụlọ nyocha, nwere ụmụ irighiri ihe dị n'otu nha. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ aerosols, dị ka usoro ''polydisperse'' colloidal, na egosipụta ụdị nha dịgasị iche iche. [1] Mmiri mmiri na abụkarị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okirikiri, mana ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na eji ''otu dayameta'' iji gosipụta njirimara nke ụdị dị iche iche nke ụmụ irighiri ihe siri ike, ụfọdụ na adịghị mma. Otu day''_a''meta bụ dayameta nke ihe dị gburugburu nke nwere otu uru nke ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe dị ka ihe na adịghị mma. [1] A na akọwa dayameta olu (de) dị ka dayameta dị gburugburu nke otu olu dị ka nke nke ihe na enweghị atụ. [2] A na ejikarị dayameta aerodynamic, da. == Nhazi nke nha == Otu nkesa aerosol a na ahụkarị, site n'elu ruo n'ala, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ vs. nkesa dayameta, mpaghara elu vs. nkwụsị diamita, na olu vs. nkwenye dayameta. A na egosi aha ọnọdụ ndị a na ahụkarị n'elu. A na eme ka nkesa ọ bụla dị mma ka ngụkọta mpaghara ahụ bụrụ 1000.]] Maka a monodisperse aerosol, otu ọnụọgụ nke diametrical na akọwa nha nke diametral. Otú ọ dị, nkesa dị mgbagwoju anya na akọwa nha nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na polydisperse aerosol. Nkewa a na akọwa ọnụọgụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe, nke a haziri dịka nha.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jillavenkatesa|first=A|title=Particle Size Characterization|journal=NIST Special Publication|volume=960-1|date=2001}}</ref> Otu ụzọ isi kọwaa nkesa nha nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na eji ndepụta nke nha nke ụmụ ọ bụla dị na sample. Otú ọ dị, usoro a na egosi na ọ na agwụ ike ịchọpụta na aerosols nwere ọtụtụ nde ụmụ irighiri ihe na ihe na adịghị mma iji. Ụzọ ọzọ na ekewa nha n'ime oge ma chọta ọnụ ọgụgụ (ma ọ bụ oke) nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na oge ọ bụla. Enwere ike igosi data ndị a na histogram na mpaghara nke ogwe ọ bụla na anọchite anya ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na bin ahụ, nke a na emekarị site na ịkewa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke irighiri na bin site na obosara nke oge ahụ ka mpaghara nke oghere ọ bụla kwekọọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe dị na nha nke ọ na anọchi anya. [1] Ọ bụrụ na obosịrị nke bins na abụ efu, ọrụ ugboro bụ: [2] : <math> \mathrm{d}f = f(d_p) \,\mathrm{d}d_p</math> ebe : bụ dayameta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe<math> d_p </math> : bụ akụkụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe nwere dayameta n'etiti na +<math> \,\mathrm{d}f </math><math>d_p</math><math>d_p</math><math>\mathrm{d}d_p</math> : bụ ọrụ ugboro<math>f(d_p)</math> Ya mere, mpaghara dị n'okpuru usoro ug''b''oro ugboro n'etiti nha abụọ a na b na anọchite anya ngụkọta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na nha ahụ: [1] : <math> f_{ab}=\int_a^b f(d_p) \,\mathrm{d}d_p</math> A pụkwara ịhazi ya ''n''<nowiki/>'ihe gbasara ọnụ ọgụgụ ngụkọta N: [1] : <math> dN = N(d_p) \,\mathrm{d}d_p</math> N'iburu n'uche na aero''s''ol particles dị gburugburu, a na enye mpaghara elu aerosol kwa unit volume (S) site na oge nke abụọ: [1] : <math> S= \pi/2 \int_0^\infty N(d_p)d_p^2 \,\mathrm{d}d_p</math> Oge nke atọ na enye ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ (''V'') nke ụmụ irighiri ihe: [1] : <math> V= \pi/6 \int_0^\infty N(d_p)d_p^3 \,\mathrm{d}d_p</math> Enwere ike ịkọwa nkesa nke nha nke ụmụ irighiri ihe. Nkesa nkịtị anaghị akọwa nkesa nha nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na aerosols n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi skewness metụtara ogologo ọdụ nke ụmụ irigbiri ihe buru ibu. Ọzọkwa maka ọnụọgụ dịgasị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe, dị ka ọtụtụ nha aerosol na eme, obosara nke nkesa ahụ na egosi nha ụmụ irighiri ihe na adịghị mma, nke na abụghị ihe ezi uche dị na ya. Otú ọ dị, nkesa nkịtị nwere ike dabara adaba maka ụfọdụ aerosols, dị ka aerosols nnwale, ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ntụ ntụ na spores. Nchịkọta log normal nke a họọrọ n'ọtụtụ ebe na enye ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ dị ka: [1] : <math> \mathrm{d}f = \frac{1}{d_p \sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} e^{-\frac{(ln(d_p) - \bar{d_p})^2}{2 \sigma^2} }\mathrm{d}d_p</math> ebe: : bụ ntụgharị ọkọlọtọ nke nkesa nha na<math> \sigma</math> : bụ arithmetic mean diameter.<math> \bar{d_p}</math> Nkwekọrịta log normal enweghị ụkpụrụ na adịghị mma, nwere ike ikpuchi ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ, ma dabara n'ọtụtụ nkesa nha a hụrụ nke ọma. Nkesa ndị ọzọ a na eji eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ iji gosipụta nha ụmụ irighiri ihe gụnyere: nkesa Rosin Rammler, nke a na etinye na ntụ ntụ na sprays; nkesa Nukiyama Tianasawa, maka nkesa nke oke oke oke; nkesa ọrụ ike, nke a etinye mgbe ụfọdụ na aerosols ikuku; nkesa exponential, nke a kwadoro na ihe ntụ; na maka mmiri igwe ojii, nkesa Khrgianzar Mazin. == Physics == === Ọsọ ọsọ nke ihe dị na mmiri === Maka ọnụọgụ dị ala nke ọnụọgụ Reynolds (<1), eziokwu maka ọtụtụ mmegharị aerosol, iwu Stokes na akọwa ike nke nguzogide na ihe siri ike dị gburugburu na mmiri. Otú ọ dị, iwu Stokes dị irè naanị mgbe ọsọ nke gas n'elu ihe ahụ bụ efu. Maka obere ụmụ irighiri ihe (< 1 μm) nke na egosipụta aerosols, Otú ọ dị, echiche a adaghị. Iji kọwaa ọdịda a, mmadụ nwere ike iwebata ihe mgbazi Cunningham, mgbe niile karịa 1. Gụnyere ihe a, mmadụ na achọta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike na eguzogide ihe na ọsọ ya: [1] : <math>F_D = \frac {3 \pi \eta V d}{C_c}</math> ebe : bụ ike na eguzogide ihe dị gburugburu<math>F_D</math> : bụ viscosity nke gas<math>\eta</math> : bụ ọsọ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe<math>V</math> : bụ ihe mgbazi Cunningham.<math>C_c</math> Nke a na enye anyị ohere ịgbakọ ọsọ ọsọ nke ihe na agafe ike ndọda na ikuku. N'ileghara mmetụta na ese n'elu mmiri anya, anyị na ahụ: [1] : <math>V_{TS} = \frac{\rho_p d^2 g C_c}{18 \eta}</math> ebe : bụ ọsọ ọsọ nke njedebe nke ihe ahụ.<math>V_{TS}</math> Enwere ike inweta ọsọ ọsọ maka ụdị ike ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na iwu Stokes na ejide, mgbe ahụ, iguzogide mmegharị ahụ na adabere na ọsọ. Ihe na adịgide adịgide nke nha ''b''ụ mmegharị igwe (B) nke ihe: [1] : <math>B = \frac{V}{F_D} = \frac {C_c}{3 \pi \eta d}</math> Akụkụ na agagharị na ọsọ ọ bụla ezi uche dị na ya ''na'' eru nso ọsọ ọsọ ya na oge e folding nke ya na oge ezumike: [1] : <math>V(t) = V_{f}-(V_{f}-V_{0})e^{-\frac{t}{\tau}}</math> ebe: : bụ ọsọ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe n'oge t<math>V(t)</math> : bụ ọsọ ikpeazụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe<math>V_f</math> : bụ ọsọ mbụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe<math>V_0</math> Iji kọwaa mmetụta nke ọdịdị nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị na abụghị spherical, a na etinye ihe mgbazi a maara dị ka ''ihe'' ọdịdị dị ike na iwu Stokes. A na akọwa ya dị ka oke nke ike na eguzogide nke ihe na adịghị mma na nke ihe na'ime ihe na agba gburugburu nke nwere otu olu na ọsọ: [1] : <math>\chi = \frac{F_D}{3 \pi \eta V d_e}</math> ebe: : bụ ihe na eme ka ọ dị ike<math>\chi</math> === Obosara ikuku === A na akọwa dayameta aerodynamic nke ihe na adịghị mma dị ka dayameta nke ihe na'akụkụ gburugburu nke nwere njupụta nke 1000 kg / m3 na otu ọsọ ahụ dị ka ihe na enweghị isi. N'ileghara mgbazi mgbapụ anya, ụmụ irighiri ihe ahụ na ada na ọsọ ọsọ nke kwekọrọ na square nke dayameta ikuku, da: [1] : <math>V_{TS} = \frac{\rho_0 d_a^2 g}{18 \eta}</math> ebe : = njupụta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe (1000 kg/m3).<math>\ \rho_0</math> Usoro a na enye dayameta ikuku: [1] : <math>d_a=d_e\left(\frac{\rho_p}{\rho_0 \chi}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}} </math> Otu onye nwere ike itinye dayameta aerodynamic na mmetọ particulate ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ndị a na eku ume iji buo amụma ebe dị n'ime usoro iku ume dị otú ahụ. Ụlọ ọrụ na emepụta ọgwụ na e ejikarị dayameta aerodynamic, ọ bụghị dayameta geometric, iji gosipụta ụmụ irighiri na ọgwụ ndị a na-eku ume. [citation needed] === Ọganihu === Nkwurịta okwu gara aga lekwasịrị anya na otu aerosol particles. N'ụzọ dị iche, ''aerosol dynamics'' na akọwa evolushọn nke ọnụ ọgụgụ aerosol zuru oke. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ga agbanwe ka oge na aga n'ihi ọtụtụ usoro. Usoro mpụga nke na ebugharị ụmụ irighiri ihe n'èzí mpụga gas a na amụ gụnyere mgbasa, nkwụsị nke ike ndọda, na ụgwọ eletrik na ike ndị ọzọ dị n'èstre nke na akpata mbata nke ụmụ irighari. Usoro nke abụọ nke usoro dị n'ime otu gas gụnyere mmepụta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe (nucleation), evaporation, chemical reaction, na coagulation. [1] Usoro dị iche iche a na akpọ ''Aerosol General Dynamic Equation'' (GDE) na akọwa evolushọn nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na aerosol n'ihi usoro ndị a. : <math>\frac{\partial{n_i}}{\partial{t}} = -\nabla \cdot n_i \mathbf{q} +\nabla \cdot D_p\nabla_i n_i+ \left(\frac{\partial{n_i}}{\partial{t}}\right)_\mathrm{growth} + \left(\frac{\partial{n_i}}{\partial{t}}\right)_\mathrm{coag} -\nabla \cdot \mathbf{q}_F n_i</math> Mgbanwe n'oge = njem convective + mgbasa Brownian + mmekọrịta gas-particle + coagulation + mbata site na ike mpụga Ebe: : bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe nke nha ụdị<math>n_i</math><math>i</math> : bụ ọsọ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe<math>\mathbf{q}</math> : bụ Stokes Einstein diffusivity<math>D_p</math> : bụ ọsọ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe jikọtara ya na ike mpụga<math>\mathbf{q}_F</math> ==== Mkpịsị ọbara ==== [[Usòrò:Aerosol_1.png|thumb]] Ka ụmụ irighiri ihe na droplets na aerosol na emetụta ibe ha, ha nwere ike ịnata coalescence ma ọ bụ aggregation. Usoro a na eduga na mgbanwe na nkesa aerosol, na ọnọdụ na abawanye na dayameta ka ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na ebelata. [1] N'oge ụfọdụ, ụmụ irighari nwere ike ịdọwa n'ime ọtụtụ ụmụ irighri; Otú ọ dị, usoro a na emekarị na ụmụ irighir ihe buru ibu maka ịtụle dị ka aerosols. ==== Ọchịchị dị ike ==== Ọnụ ọgụgụ Knudsen nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na akọwa usoro atọ dị iche iche na achịkwa omume nke aerosol: : <math>K_n=\frac{2\lambda}{d}</math> ebe bụ ụzọ efu I nke gas na akwụsi ike ma bụrụ dayameta nke ihe ahụ.<math>\lambda</math><math>d</math><ref name="Baron&Willeke">{{Cite book|author=Baron|first=P. A.|date=2001|chapter=Gas and Particle Motion|title=Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications}}</ref> Maka ụmụ irighiri ihe dị n'ime ''ọchịchị'' mkpụrụ ndụ n'efu, Kn >> 1; ụmụ irighari obere ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ nnwere onwe nke gas na akwụsi ike.<ref name="DeCarlo2004">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/027868290903907|author=DeCarlo|first=P.F.|date=2004|title=Particle Morphology and Density Characterization by Combined Mobility and Aerodynamic Diameter Measurements. Part 1: Theory|journal=Aerosol Science and Technology|volume=38|issue=12|pages=1185–1205}}</ref> N'ọchịchị a, ụmụ irighiri ihe na emekọrịta ihe na gas na akwụsi ike site na usoro "ballistic" na emetụta mkpụrụ ndụ gas. N 'ihi nke a, ha na akpa àgwà yiri nke gas molecules, na agbaso usoro ma na agbasa ngwa ngwa site na mmegharị Brownian. Njikọ nke oke na agafe n'ime usoro nnwere onwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ bụ: : <math> I = \frac{\pi a^2}{k_b} \left( \frac{P_\infty}{T_\infty} - \frac{P_A}{T_A} \right) \cdot C_A \alpha </math> ebe a bụ r''a''dius nke ụmụ irighiri , P∞ na PA bụ nrụgide dị anya si''t''e na droplet na n'elu droplet n'otu n'otu, kb bụ Boltzmann na adịgide adịgide, T bụ okpomọkụ, CA pụtara ọsọ okpomọkụ na ''α'' bụ coefficient nke ọnụ ọgụgụ. [citation needed] Nweta nke usoro a na ewere nrụgide na adịkarị na coefficient diffusion na adịgidere. Akụkụ dị n'ọchịchị na aga n'ihu mgbe Kn << 1.<ref name="DeCarlo2004">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/027868290903907|author=DeCarlo|first=P.F.|date=2004|title=Particle Morphology and Density Characterization by Combined Mobility and Aerodynamic Diameter Measurements. Part 1: Theory|journal=Aerosol Science and Technology|volume=38|issue=12|pages=1185–1205}}</ref> N'ọchịchị a, ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ahụ buru ibu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ na enweghị ihe ọ bụla nke gas na akwụsi ike, nke pụtara na gas na arụ ọrụ dị ka mmiri na aga n'ihu na aga gburugburu ụmụ irighari ahụ.<ref name="DeCarlo2004" /> Mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ n'ime ọchịchị a bụ: : <math> I_{cont} \sim \frac{4 \pi a M_A D_{AB}}{RT} \left( P_{A \infty} - P_{AS}\right)</math> e''b''e a bụ ''r_a''dius nke ihe ''A'', M''A'' bụ oke nke ihe A na eme, DAB bụ coefficien''t'' mgbasa ozi n'etiti A na B, R bụ ezigbo gas na adịgide adịgide, T bụ okpomọkụ (na nkeji zuru oke dị ka kelvin), na PA∞ na PAS bụ nrụgide na enweghị njedebe na n'elu. [citation needed] ''Ọchịchị mgbanwe'' ahụ nwere ụmụ irighiri ihe niile dị n'etiti usoro nnwere onwe na usoro na aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ Kn ≈ 1. Ike nke ihe na ahụ bụ ngwakọta dị mgbagwoju anya nke mmekọrịta ya na mkpụrụ ndụ gas n'otu n'otu na mmekọrịta macroscopic. Usoro nke ọkara nke na akọwa oke na aga bụ: : <math> I = I_{cont} \cdot \frac{1 + K_n}{1 + 1.71 K_n + 1.33 {K_n}^2}</math> ebe Icont bụ oke na aga n'ihu na ọchịchị na aga nke ọma. [citation needed] A na akpọ usoro a usoro Fuchs Sutugin interpolation. Usoro ndị a anaghị atụle mmetụta nke okpomọkụ. ==== Nkewa ==== [[Usòrò:Cond_n_evap.svg|alt=graph showing the process of condensation and evaporation on a molecular level|thumb|Mmiri na esi ísì ụtọ]] Echiche nkewa nke aerosol na achịkwa condensation na evaporation site na elu aerosol, n'otu n'otu. Njikọ nke oke na eme ka ọnọdụ nke nkesa nke aerosol mụbaa; n'aka nke ọzọ, evaporation na eme gore ọnọdụ ahụ belata. Nucleation bụ usoro nke ịmepụta aerosol mass site na condensation nke gas precursor, ọkachasị ikuku. Net condensation nke ikuku na achọ supersaturation, nrụgide dị ukwuu karịa nrụgide ikuku ya. Nke a nwere ike ime n'ihi atọ: [citation needed] # Ibelata okpomọkụ nke usoro ahụ na ebelata nrụgide ikuku. # Mgbanwe kemịkal nwere ike ịbawanye nrụgide nke gas ma ọ bụ belata nrụgide ikuku ya. # Mgbakwunye nke ikuku na agbakwunye na usoro ahụ nwere ike belata nrụgide ikuku dị ka iwu Raoult si dị. E nwere ụdị usoro nucleation abụọ. Gases na ejikarị n'elu ihe ndị dị na aerosol, nke a maara dị ka heterogeneous nucleation. Usoro a na eme ka dayameta dị n'ụdị nkesa nke nha nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnụ ọgụgụ na adịgide adịgide. [1] Site na oke oke oke na enweghị elu kwesịrị ekwesị, ụmụ irighari nwere ike ịtachi na enweghị elu dịbu adịgide, nke a maara dị ka homogeneous '''nucleation'''. Nke a na ebute mgbakwunye nke obere, ụmụ irighiri ihe na eto ngwa ngwa na nkesa nha ụmụ irighari. Mmiri na ekpuchi ụmụ irighiri ihe na aerosols, na eme ka ha rụọ ọrụ, na emekarị n'ihe gbasara ịmepụta mmiri igwe ojii (dị ka igwe ojii sitere na aerosol site na osisi dị n'oké ọhịa).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Spracklen|first=Dominick V|date=2008-12-28|title=Boreal forests, aerosols and the impacts on clouds and climate|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2008.0201|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences|language=en|volume=366|issue=1885|pages=4613–4626|doi=10.1098/rsta.2008.0201|pmid=18826917|issn=1364-503X}}</ref> N'ịgbaso usoro Kelvin (dabere na nkwonkwo nke mmiri mmiri), obere ụmụ irighiri ihe chọrọ iru mmiri dị elu iji nọgide na enwe nguzozi karịa ụmụ irighari buru ibu. Usoro na esonụ na enye oke iru mmiri na nguzozi: : <math> RH = \frac{p_s}{p_0} \times 100\% = S \times 100\%</math> ebe nrụgide ikuku ''s''aturation n'elu ihe dị na nguzozi (n'akụkụ mmiri mmiri dị mgbagwoju anya), p0 bụ nrụgide ikuku saturatation (elu elu nke otu mmiri ahụ) na S bụ oke saturation.<math>p_s</math> Njikọ Kelvin maka nrụgide ikuku saturation n'elu elu gbagọrọ agbagọ bụ: : <math> \ln{p_s \over p_0} = \frac{2 \sigma M}{RT \rho \cdot r_p} </math> ebe ''r''p drople''t'' radius, ''σ'' elu elu tension nke droplet, ''ρ'' density nke ''m''miri, M molar mass, T okpomọkụ, na R molar gas constant. ==== Ngwọta maka usoro nhazi ihe n'ozuzu ==== Enweghị ngwọta n'ozuzu maka usoro nhazi nke ihe (GDE); [1] usoro a na ejikarị eme ihe iji dozie usoro nhazi nke usoro gụnyere: [2] * Ụzọ oge<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/0009-2509(64)85047-8|title=Some problems in particle technology|journal=Chemical Engineering Science|volume=19|issue=8|pages=555–574|year=1964|author=Hulburt|first=H.M.}}</ref> * Usoro modal / nkewa, na<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/0021-9797(90)90445-T|title=A discrete-sectional model for particulate production by gas-phase chemical reaction and aerosol coagulation in the free-molecular regime|journal=Journal of Colloid and Interface Science|volume=139|issue=1|pages=63–86|year=1990|author=Landgrebe|first=James D.}}</ref> * Usoro quadrature nke oge / usoro mgbasawanye nke oge Taylor, na<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/02786829708965471|title=Description of Aerosol Dynamics by the Quadrature Method of Moments|journal=Aerosol Science and Technology|volume=27|issue=2|pages=255–265|year=1997|author=McGraw|first=Robert}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.07.009|title=Solution of population balance equations using the direct quadrature method of moments|journal=[[Journal of Aerosol Science]]|volume=36|issue=1|pages=43–73|year=2005|author=Marchisio|first=Daniele L.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/02786820802232972|title=A New Moment Method for Solving the Coagulation Equation for Particles in Brownian Motion|journal=Aerosol Science and Technology|volume=42|issue=9|pages=705–713|year=2008|author=Yu|first=Mingzhou}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.03.001|title=Taylor-expansion moment method for agglomerate coagulation due to Brownian motion in the entire size regime|journal=Journal of Aerosol Science|volume=40|issue=6|pages=549–562|year=2009|author=Yu|first=Mingzhou}}</ref> * Usoro Monte Carlo.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.14356/kona.2005007|title=Modelling of Particulate Processes|journal=KONA Powder and Particle Journal|volume=23|pages=18–35|year=2005|author=Kraft|first=Murkus}}</ref> == Ọgbọ na ngwa == Ndị mmadụ na emepụta aerosols maka ebumnuche dị iche iche, gụnyere: * dị ka aerosols nnwale maka ịhazi ngwá ọrụ, ime nchọpụta, na ịnwale ihe nnwale na nzacha ikuku; [1] * iji nye deodorants, paint, na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ na azụ ahịa na sprays; [1] * maka mgbasa na ọrụ ugbo * maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa iku ume; [1] na * na usoro injection mmanụ na teknụzụ ọkụ ndị ọzọ. Ụfọdụ ngwaọrụ maka ịmepụta aerosols bụ: [1] * Mmiri aerosol * Atomizer nozzle ma ọ bụ nebulizer * Electrospray * Cigarette eletrọniki * Onye na emepụta ikuku na eme mkpọtụ (VOAG) == Nkwụsi ike nke aerosol particles mepụtara == Nkwụsi ike nke agglomerates nanoparticle dị oke mkpa maka ịtụle nkesa nha nke ụmụ irighiri ikuku sitere na nano powders ma ọ bụ isi mmalite ndị ọzọ. N'ebe ọrụ nanotechnology, ndị ọrụ nwere ike ikpughe site na iku ume na ihe ndị nwere ike igbu egbu n'oge njikwa na nhazi nke nanomaterials. Nanoparticles n'ime ikuku na emekarị agglomerates n'ihi ike na adọrọ mmasị n'etiti ihe ndị dị n'ime, dị ka ike van der Waals ma ọ bụ ike electrostatic ma ọ bụrụ na a na akwụ ụgwọ ihe ndị ahụ. N'ihi ya, a na ahụkarị ụmụ irighiri aerosol dị ka agglomerates karịa ụmụ irighari ọ bụla. Maka ikpughe na nyocha ihe ize ndụ nke ikuku nanoparticles, ọ dị mkpa ịmara banyere nkesa nha nke aerosols. Mgbe ụmụ mmadụ na ekuru ya, a na etinye ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị nwere dayameta dị iche iche n'ebe dị iche iche nke usoro iku ume dị n'etiti na nke dịpụrụ adịpụ. E gosipụtara na ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na nanoscale na abanye n'ihe mgbochi ikuku ọbara n'ime akpa ume ma na agafe n'ime akụkụ nke abụọ n'ime ahụ mmadụ, dị ka ụbụrụ, obi na imeju. Ya mere, ihe ọmụma banyere nkwụsi ike nke nanoparticle agglomerates dị mkpa maka ịkọ ọdịdị nke aerosol particles, nke na enyere aka nyochaa ihe ize ndụ ha nwere ike inwe n'ahụ mmadụ. E guzobere usoro nnwale dị iche iche iji nwalee nkwụsi ike nke ụmụ irighiri ikuku na ikike ha nwere ịpụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Usoro zuru oke a kọrọ n'oge na adịbeghị anya nwere ike ịnọgide na enwe usoro aerosolization siri ike ma mepụta aerosols nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mma na nha dị mma site na nano powders.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Yaobo|author=Ding|title=A system to assess the stability of airborne nanoparticle agglomerates under aerodynamic shear|journal=Journal of Aerosol Science|volume=88|year=2015|issue=|pages=98–108|doi=10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.06.001}}</ref> Enwere ike ịmụ ikike deagglomeration nke ihe dị iche iche na efe efe site na iji oghere dị oke egwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=B.|author=Stahlmecke|year=2009|title=Investigation of airborne nanopowder agglomerate stability in an orifice under various differential pressure conditions|journal=Journal of Nanoparticle Research|volume=11|issue=7|pages=1625–1635|doi=10.1007/s11051-009-9731-x}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, e mepụtara ngwaọrụ na agbawa mmetụta iji nyochaa ike njikọ n'etiti ụmụ irighiri ihe.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=S.|author=Froeschke|year=2003|title=Impact fragmentation of nanoparticle agglomerates|journal=Journal of Aerosol Science|volume=34|issue=3|pages=275–287|doi=10.1016/S0021-8502(02)00185-4}}</ref> Enwere ike ịhụ usoro nyocha nke deagglomeration site na mmepe nke ụdị dị iche iche nke usoro dị ugbu a. Enwere ike ịhazi ohere nke deagglomeration nke aerosol particles na ntọala ọrụ maka nanomaterials dị iche iche ma ọ bụrụ na usoro ntụaka dị. Maka ebumnuche a, enwere ike ịmalite ntụnyere nke nyocha site na nhazi dị iche iche iji nyochaa mmetụta nke njirimara usoro na njirimara nke aerosols nke nanomaterials mepụtara. == Nchọpụta == Aerosol nwere ike ịlele n'ebe ma ọ bụ site na usoro mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ. === N'ọnọdụ ndị a hụrụ === Ụfọdụ usoro nyocha dị n'ebe ahụ gụnyere: * Aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) * Differential mobility analyzer (DMA) * Electrical aerosol spectrometer (EAS) * Aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) * Aerodynamic aerosol classifier (AAC) * [[Wide range particle spectrometer]] (WPS) * [[Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor|Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit]] Impactor(MOUDI) * Condensation particle counter (CPC) * [[Epiphaniometer]] * [[Electrical low pressure impactor|Mmetụta eletrik dị ala]] (ELPI) * Aerosol particle mass-analyser (APM) * Centrifugal Particle Mass Analyser (CPMA) === Ụzọ mmetụta dị anya === Ụzọ mmetụta dị anya gụnyere: * === Nlere anya ahọpụtara nha === Ihe nwere ike itinye n'ime imi, ọnụ, pharynx na larynx (mpaghara isi ikuku), miri n'ime traktị iku ume (site na trachea ruo na bronchioles ọnụ), ma ọ bụ na mpaghara alveolar.[48] Ebe a na etinye ihe ndị aerosol dị n'ime usoro iku ume na ekpebisi ike mmetụta ahụike nke ikpughe ikuku ikuku dị otú ahụ.[48] Ihe omume a mere ka ndị mmadụ chepụta aerosol samplers nke na ahọrọ akụkụ nke ikuku aerosol na erute akụkụ ụfọdụ nke akụkụ iku ume.[49] Ọmụmaatụ nke akụkụ ndị a nke oke nha nke ikuku ikuku, dị mkpa na ahụike ọrụ, gụnyere ụmụ irighiri ihe na ekuku ume, thoracic, na iku ume. Iberibe nke nwere ike ịbanye n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke usoro iku ume na adabere na ntinye nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị n'akụkụ elu nke ikuku.[50]. The inhalable ụmụ irighiri irighiri, kọwara dị ka nkezi nke irighiri ihe mbụ na ikuku nwere ike ịbanye imi ma ọ bụ ọnụ, dabere na mpụga ifufe ọsọ na direction na na urughuru size nkesa site aerodynamic dayameta.[51] Iberibe thoracic bụ oke nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na ikuku ambient nke nwere ike iru n'akụkụ thorax ma ọ bụ obi.[52]. Ihe dị nta nke na ekuku ume bụ oke nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na ikuku nwere ike iru mpaghara alveolar.[53] Iji tụọ akụkụ dị nta nke ikuku iku ume, a na eji ihe nzacha nke mbụ na eji ihe nzacha mee ihe. Onye na anakọta ihe na ewepu ihe dị ka ụzọ ikuku na ewepụ ihe dị n'ikuku ikuku. Ihe nzacha nlele na anakọta ụmụ irighiri ihe maka nha. A na ejikarị nkewa cyclonic eme ihe maka onye na anakọta ihe, mana usoro ndị ọzọ gụnyere mmetụta mmetụta, elutriators kwụ ọtọ, na nnukwu ihe nzacha akpụkpọ anụ.[54]. Ụkpụrụ abụọ ọzọ na ahọrọ nha, nke a na ejikarị eme ihe na nlekota ikuku, bụ PM10 na PM2.5. ISO na akọwa PM₁₀ dị ka ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị na agafe n'ọnụ ụzọ na ahọrọ nha na 50% arụmọrụ cut off na 10 ''μm aerodynamic'' dayameta na PM2.5 dị ka ụmụ nke na agafere n'ọnụ mmiri na ahọpụta nha na 50% efficiency cut off. PM10 kwekọrọ na "nkwekọrịta obi" dịka akọwapụtara na ISO 7708:1995, Nkebi nke 6; PM2.5 kwekọrọ na ""nkwekọta iku ume dị elu" dịka akọwara na ISO 7 708:1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://diamondenv.wordpress.com/2010/12/10/particulate-pollution-pm10-and-pm2-5/|title=Particulate pollution – PM10 and PM2.5|work=Recognition, Evaluation, Control. News and views from Diamond Environmental Limited|accessdate=23 September 2012|date=2010-12-10}}</ref> Ụlọ Ọrụ Na ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke United States dochiri ụkpụrụ ochie maka ihe particulate dabere na Total Suspended Particulate na ụkpụrụ ọzọ dabere na PM10 na 1987 wee webata ụkpụrụ maka PM2.5 (nke a makwaara dị ka ihe particulate dị mma) na 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/aqtrnd95/pm10.html|title=Particulate Matter (PM-10)|accessdate=23 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901140447/http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/aqtrnd95/pm10.html|archivedate=1 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/pmdesignations/basicinfo.htm|title=Basic Information|accessdate=23 September 2012}}</ref> == Atmospheric == [[Usòrò:Aerosol-India.jpg|alt=Satellite photo showing aerosol pollution visible from space|thumb|Mmetọ aerosol n'ebe ugwu [[Ndia|India]] na Bangladesh]] [[Usòrò:Portrait of Global Aerosols.jpeg|thumb|Nyochaa nnukwu igwe ojii nke ikuku ikuku gburugburu ụwa (acha ndụ ndụ: anwụrụ ọkụ, acha anụnụ anụnụ: nnu, odo: uzuzu, ọcha: sọlfọ)]]   Ọtụtụ ụdị ikuku ikuku nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ihu igwe nke ụwa: mgbawa ugwu, uzuzu ọzara, nnu mmiri, nke sitere na isi mmalite biogenic na nke mmadụ mere. Aerosol volcanic na emepụta na stratosphere mgbe mgbawa dị ka mmiri nke sulfuric acid nke nwere ike ịdịru ruo afọ abụọ, ma gosipụta ìhè anyanwụ, na ebelata okpomọkụ. Uzuzu ọzara, mineral particles na afụli elu, na amịkọrọ okpomọkụ ma nwee ike ịbụ ihe kpatara igbochi mmepụta igwe ojii. Aerosols sulfate nke mmadụ mere, karịsịa site na mmanụ na coal na-ere ọkụ, na emetụta omume igwe ojii.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/Aerosols.html|title=Atmospheric Aerosols: What Are They, and Why Are They So Important?|publisher=NASA Langley Research Center|date=22 Apr 2008|accessdate=27 December 2014}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na hydrometeors niile, siri ike na mmiri, nwere ike ịkọwa dị ka aerosols, a na emekarị ọdịiche n'etiti ụdị mgbasa dị otú ahụ (ya bụ, ígwé ijiojii) nwere mmiri na kristal, na aerosol particles. Ikuku nke ụwa nwere aerosols nke ụdị dị iche iche na njupụta, gụnyere ọnụọgụ nke: * ihe ndị na adịghị ndụ n'okike: ezigbo uzuzu, nnu mmiri, ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri * ihe ndị sitere n'okike: anwụrụ ọkụ, ntụ ọka, spores, ma ọ bụ nje bacteria * ihe ndị mmadụ na emepụta na ọkụ dịka: anwụrụ ọkụ, ntụ ma ọ bụ ájá Aerosols nwere ike ịchọta na gburugburu ebe obibi obodo n'ụdị dị iche iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ: * Uzuzu * Anwụrụ ọkụ sịga * Anwụrụ ọkụ sitere na ite aerosol spray * Ọsụsọ ma ọ bụ anwụrụ ọkụ n'ime anwụrụ ọkụ ụgbọ ala Ọnụnọ nke aerosols na ikuku ụwa nwere ike imetụta ihu igwe ya, yana ahụike mmadụ. * Mgbawa ugwu na ewepụta nnukwu sulphuric acid, hydrogen sulfide na hydrochloric acid n'ime ikuku. Gas ndị a na anọchite anya aerosols ma mesịa laghachi n'ụwa dị ka [[mmiri ozuzo acid]], na enwe ọtụtụ [[Mmiri ozuzo acid|mmetụta ọjọọ]] na gburugburu ebe obibi na ndụ mmadụ.<ref name=":0" /> * Aerosols na emekọrịta ihe na mmefu ego ike nke ụwa n'ụzọ abụọ, n'onwe ya na n'ụzọ na apụtaghị ìhè. :: Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmetụta ''kpọmkwem'' bụ na aerosols na agbasa ma na amịkọrọ radieshon anyanwụ na abata.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rmets.org/resource/aerosols-and-climate|title=Aerosols and Climate|author=Highwood|first=Ellie|date=2018-09-05|work=Royal Meteorological Society|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-07}}</ref> Nke a ga eduga na oyi nke elu (radiation nke anyanwụ na agbasa azụ na mbara igwe) mana ọ nwekwara ike inye aka na okpomọkụ nke elu (nke sitere na ịmịkọrọ ike anyanwụ na abata).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/|title=Fifth Assessment Report - Climate Change 2013|work=www.ipcc.ch|accessdate=2018-02-07}}</ref> Nke a ga abụ ihe ọzọ na mmetụta okpomọkụ ma si otú a nye aka na mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="kommalapati">{{Cite book|author=Kommalapati|first=Raghava R.|title=Atmospheric aerosols: Characterization, chemistry, modeling, and climate|date=2009|publisher=American Chemical Society|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9780841224827|pages=1–10|doi=10.1021/bk-2009-1005.ch001}}</ref> :: Mmetụta ndị ''na apụtaghị ìhè'' na ezo aka na aerosol na egbochi ihe ndị na emetụta radiation. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ha nwere ike ịgbanwe nha nke igwe ojii na ikuku dị ala, si otú ahụ gbanwee ụzọ igwe ojii si egosipụta ma na amịkọrọ ìhè ma si otú ahụ na agbanwe mmefu ego ike nke ụwa.<ref name="nasa"> {{Cite web|author=Allen|first=Bob|title=Atmospheric Aerosols: What Are They, and Why Are They So Important?|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/Aerosols.html|work=NASA|publisher=NASA|accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref> : E nwere ihe akaebe na atụ aro na aerosols sitere n'aka mmadụ na egbochi mmetụta nke gas na ekpo ọkụ n'ebe ụfọdụ, nke bụ ihe mere Northern Hemisphere ji gosipụta okpomọkụ dị nwayọ karịa Southern Hemisphere, ọ bụ ezie na nke ahụ pụtara na Northern Hemispher ga amịkọrọ okpomọkụ mgbe e mesịrị site na mmiri oké osimiri na eweta mmiri dị ọkụ site na South.<ref>Anthropogenic Aerosols, Greenhouse Gases, and the Uptake, Transport, and Storage of Excess Heat in the Climate System {{Cite journal|doi=10.1029/2019GL082015|title=Anthropogenic Aerosols, Greenhouse Gases, and the Uptake, Transport, and Storage of Excess Heat in the Climate System|year=2019|author=Irving|first=D. B.|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=46|issue=9|pages=4894–4903}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, n'ụwa niile, oyi aerosol na ebelata okpomọkụ na akpata na ekpo ọkụ n'enweghị iwepụ ya kpamkpam.<ref>GIEC AR6 WG1 - Figure SPM.2 https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/ </ref> * Mgbe aerosols na amịkọrọ mmetọ, ọ na eme ka ọ dịrị mmetọ mfe itinye n'elu ụwa nakwa n'ime mmiri.<ref name="kommalapati">{{Cite book|author=Kommalapati|first=Raghava R.|title=Atmospheric aerosols: Characterization, chemistry, modeling, and climate|date=2009|publisher=American Chemical Society|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9780841224827|pages=1–10|doi=10.1021/bk-2009-1005.ch001}}</ref> Nke a nwere ike imebi ma gburugburu ebe obibi ma ahụike mmadụ. * Aerosols dị na 20 μm na egosi oge ogologo oge na adịgide adịgide n'ime ụlọ ikuku n'ihi omume ha "onye na agba ụgbọ elu", na adaba na ikuku na aga nwayọọ nwayọọ); dịka aerosol a na adọrọ adsorbed n'imi mmadụ, ebe mbụ na ebute ọrịa na COVID-19, ụdị aerosols nwere ike inye aka na ọrịa a.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hunziker|first=Patrick|date=2020-12-16|title=Minimizing exposure to respiratory droplets, 'jet riders' and aerosols in air-conditioned hospital rooms by a 'Shield-and-Sink' strategy|pages=2020.12.08.20233056|url=http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.12.08.20233056|language=en|doi=10.1101/2020.12.08.20233056}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kesavanathan|first=Jana|year=1998|title=Human Nasal Passage Particle Deposition: The Effect of Particle Size, Flow Rate, and Anatomical Factors|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786829808965537|journal=Aerosol Science and Technology|volume=28|issue=5|pages=457–463|doi=10.1080/02786829808965537|issn=0278-6826}}</ref> * Akụkụ Aerosol nwere ịdị arọ dị irè nke dị obere karịa 10 μm nwere ike ịbanye na bronchi, ebe ndị nwere ịdị arịa dị irè nke na adị obere karịa 2.5 μm nwere ohere ịbanye ruo na mpaghara mgbanwe gas na akpa ume, nke nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ nye ahụike mmadụ.<ref name="volcanic_emissions"> {{Cite web|author=Grainger|first=Don|title=Volcanic Emissions|url=http://eodg.atm.ox.ac.uk/eodg/research_ve.html|work=Earth Observation Data Group, Department of Physics, University of Oxford|publisher=University of Oxford|accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref> == Aerosol spray disenser == {{excerpt|Aerosol spray dispenser}} == Hụkwa == * Aerogel * Nnụnụ na-efe efe * Mgbasa ozi aerosol * Bioaerosol * Ntinye (Aerosol physics) * Mgbasawanye ụwa * Nebulizer * Monoterpene * Akwara ndị ahụ * Mmiri na-agbanye mmiri == Ihe odide == === Ihe ndị e kwuru === <references responsive="1"></references>   [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 72wzhjey6sspmo4oeubw5ga56295l48 0 26730 692412 451873 2026-07-29T23:33:49Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatih Birol''' bụ onye Turkey na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na ọkachamara na ike, onye jere ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke International Energy Agency (IEA) kemgbe 1 Septemba 2015. N'oge ọ na-elekọta IEA, o meela usoro iji melite nzukọ mba ụwa nke dị na Paris, gụnyere iwusi mmekọrịta ya na akụ na ụba na mba ndị na'ịpụta n'ọhịa dị ka India na China ike na ịrụ ọrụ na mgbanwe ike dị ọcha na mbọ mba niile iji nweta ikuku efu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/india-inks-mou-with-international-energy-agency-for-global-energy-security-sustainability/article33676836.ece|title=India inks MoU with International Energy Agency for global energy security, sustainability|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 January 2021|accessdate=27 January 2021}}</ref> Birol nọ na ndepụta Time 100 nke ndị kachasị emetụta n'ụwa na 2021, magazin ''Forbes'' akpọwo ya aha n"etiti ndị kacha emenye mmetụta nʼihe gbasara ike n "ụwa" ma Financial Times kwetara na ya na 2017 dị ka Onye Ike nke Afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2021/6095810/fatih-birol/|title=Fatih Birol: The 100 Most Influential People of 2021|date=15 September 2021|accessdate=28 May 2023|archivedate=15 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915124817/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2021/6095810/fatih-birol/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/11/09/boone-pickens-oil-leadership-power-09-energy_slide.html|title=T. Boone Pickens Picks The World's Seven Most Powerful In Energy|work=[[Forbes]]|date=11 November 2009|accessdate=11 November 2009}}</ref> Birol bụ onye isi oche nke World Economic Forum (Davos) Energy Advisory Board. Ọ bụ onye na-enye onyinye ugboro ugboro na mgbasa ozi na kọmputa ma na'inye ọtụtụ okwu kwa afọ na nnukwu nzukọ na nzukọ mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Climate-commitments-are-not-enough-,-says-Birol|title=Climate commitments are 'not enough', says Birol|work=[[World Nuclear News]]|date=22 April 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ mmalite == Tupu ịbanye na IEA dị ka onye nyocha nke obere na 1995, Birol rụrụ ọrụ na Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) na Vienna. N'ime ọtụtụ afọ na IEA, Birol rụrụ ọrụ ruo n'ọrụ nke Chief Economist, ọrụ nke ọ na-ahụ maka akụkọ IEA nke World Energy Outlook na-elele anya, tupu ọ ghọọ onye isi nchịkwa na 2015. Nwa amaala Turkey, a mụrụ Birol na Ankara na 1958. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta BSc na injinịa ike na mahadum Istanbul Technical University. O nwetara MSc na PhD na Economic Economics site na Technical University of Vienna. N'afọ 2013, e nyere Birol nzere Doctorate of Science honoris causa site na Imperial College London. Emere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndụ nsọpụrụ nke klọb bọọlụ Galatasaray S.K. n'afọ 2013. == Ihe omume ndị ọzọ == * Africa Europe Foundation (AEF), onye otu High-Level Group of Personalities on Africa-Europe Relations (since 2020)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220411085150/https://www.friendsofeurope.org/initiatives/eu-africa-high-level-group/ High-Level Group of Personalities on Africa-Europe Relations] Africa Europe Foundation (AEF).</ref> == Nsọpụrụ na ihe nrite == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! class="unsortable" |Ribbon bar !Ihe nrite ma ọ bụ ihe ịchọ mma !Mba !Ụbọchị !Ebe ! class="unsortable" |Ihe odide ! class="unsortable" |Ihe mgbochi. |- | |Ihe nrite maka ọrụ pụrụ iche nke Ministry of Foreign Affairs nke Turkey | Turkey | align="center" |  1 October 2005 |Ankara | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/disisleri-bakanligi-ustun-hizmet-plaketi-ile-devlet-nisan-ve-madalyalarinin-verilmesi-.tr.mfa|title=Dışişleri Bakanlığı Üstün Hizmet Ödülü ile Devlet Nişan ve Madalyaları|language=Turkish|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey]]|date=|accessdate=29 March 2015}}</ref> |- |[[Usòrò:Palmes_academiques_Chevalier_ribbon.svg|70x70px]] |Usoro nke Palmes Académiques | France | align="center" |  1 October 2006 |Paris | |<ref name="Awards">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/aboutweo/awards/|title=Awards of Fatih Birol|work=[[World Energy Outlook]]|year=|accessdate=29 March 2015}}</ref> |- |[[Usòrò:AUT_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria_-_9th_Class_BAR.png|70x70px]] |Ihe ịchọ mma nke nsọpụrụ maka ọrụ na Republic of Austria | Austria | align="center" |  1 March 2007 |Vienna | |<ref name="Awards" /> |- |[[Usòrò:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_3_BVK_1Kl.svg|70x70px]] |Usoro nke mbụ nke Merit nke Federal Republic of Germany | Germany | align="center" |  19 November 2009 |Berlin | |<ref name="Awards" /> |- |[[Usòrò:ITA_OMRI_2001_Uff_BAR.svg|70x70px]] |Onye isi nke Order of Merit nke Italian Republic | Italy | align="center" |  14 June 2012 |Paris | |<ref name="Awards" /> |- |[[Usòrò:SWE_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_(after_1975)_-_Knight_1st_Class_BAR.png|70x70px]] |Usoro klas mbụ nke Polar Star | Sweden | align="center" |  11 December 2013 |[[Stockholm]] | |<ref name="Awards" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ntv.com.tr/arsiv/id/25485243/|title=Fatih Birol'a İsveç'ten Kraliyet Nişanı (Turkish)|publisher=[[NTV (Turkey)|NTV]]|date=11 December 2013|accessdate=29 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402102015/http://www.ntv.com.tr/arsiv/id/25485243/|archivedate=2 April 2015}}</ref> |- |[[Usòrò:JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg|70x70px]] |Usoro nke Mbụ nke Anyanwụ Na-apụta | Japan | align="center" |  30 January 2014 |Paris | |<ref name="Awards" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-chief-economist-receives-japanese-emperor-s-order-of-the-rising-sun|title=IEA Chief Economist receives Japanese Emperor's Order of the Rising Sun|publisher=[[International Energy Agency]]|date=31 January 2014|accessdate=29 March 2015}}</ref> |- | |Ihe nrite Melchett | United Kingdom | align="center" |2017 | | |<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 February 2018|title=Melchett and Cadman Awards and Lectures - Past Melchett Award winners|url=https://www.energyinst.org/events/melchett-cadman|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221095953/https://www.energyinst.org/events/melchett-cadman|archivedate=21 February 2018|accessdate=4 March 2022|work=Energy Institute}}</ref> |- |[[Usòrò:Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg|70x70px]] |Chevalier nke Legion of Honour | France | align="center" |  1 January 2022 |Paris | |<ref name="Awards" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legiondhonneur.fr/sites/default/files/lh20220101.pdf|title=Journal officiel de la République française|publisher=France|date=1 January 2022|accessdate=1 January 2022|archivedate=3 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103063527/https://www.legiondhonneur.fr/sites/default/files/lh20220101.pdf}}</ref> |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category}} * [https://www.iea.org/about/leadership Akụkọ ndụ Fatih Birol] * [http://www.iea.org/ Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ike Mba Nile] * [https://www.iea.org/topics/world-energy-outlook Ọdịdị Ike Ụwa] {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Maria van der Hoeven]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Executive Director of the [[International Energy Agency]]|years=2015–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Birol, Fatih}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1958]] 8846w3135qdypukvl67efie1ce4chph 0 26734 692510 539312 2026-07-30T09:17:00Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatma Zohra Ouhachi-Vesely''' (née '''Ksentini''') bụ nwanyị Algeria bụ onye mbụ na-edekọ akụkọ pụrụ iche nke United Nations maka mkpofu site na 1995 ruo 2004. Tupu ọ nọrọ n'ọkwa ya, ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ pụrụ iche na Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities site na 1989 ruo 1994. == Ọrụ == Ksentini bụ akụkụ nke Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities mgbe akpọrọ ya onye nta akụkọ pụrụ iche na ikike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na 1989. Maka United Nations Commission on Human Rights, ọ malitere nyocha afọ anọ gbasara ikike mmadụ gburugburu ebe obibi na 1990.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Clay|first=Jason|title=Who Pays the Price?: The Sociocultural Context Of Environmental Crisis|date=1994|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington D.C.|isbn=1559633026|pages=xi-xii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDjjF7Sa9zoC&pg=PR11|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị nyocha ya na 1994, o tinyere nchọpụta ya wee bịanye aka na Draft Declaration of Principles on Human Rights and the Environment.<ref name=Kvočekova>{{cite journal|last1=Kvočekova|first1=Barbora|title=Fighting dirty business: litigating environmental racism|journal=Roma Rights Journal|date=11 July 2000|volume=2 |url=http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=844|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 1995, Ksentini ghọrọ onye na-akọ akụkọ pụrụ iche nke United Nations na ihe mkpofu na ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Special Rapporteurs|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Environment/ToxicWastes/Pages/FormerSpecialRapporteurs.aspx|work=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|accessdate=21 November 2017}}</ref> N'oge mmalite nke ọrụ ya, ọ chịkọtara ozi gbasara mmetụta ahụike nke iwepụ ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Olowu|first=Dejo|title=The United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Adverse Effects of the Illicit Movement and Dumping of Toxic and Dangerous Wastes on the Enjoyment of Human Rights: A Critical Evaluation of the First Ten Years|journal=Environmental Law Review|date=1 December 2006|volume=8|issue=3|doi=10.1350/enlr.2006.8.3.199}}</ref> Mgbe o nyechara akụkọ ya na 1997, Ksentini katọrọ Ọfịs nke Kọmishọna Ukwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka ikike mmadụ maka ịghara inye ya ego dị mkpa iji mee nyocha n"ala.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Gwam|first=Cyril Uchenna|title=Toxic Waste and Human Rights|date=2010|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1452026886|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQJDqfDx47sC|location=Bloomington, Indiana|pages=141–42|accessdate=9 November 2017}}</ref> Mgbe a họpụtara ya ọzọ na 1998, Ksentini malitere ịmepụta atụmatụ maka iwepụ ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu na mba ndị na - na. Oge ikpeazụ ya dị ka Special Rapporteur malitere na 2001 wee gwụ na 2004. Ewezuga ọrụ ya dị ka Special Rapporetur, Ksentini bụ onyeisi oche nke Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery na 1991.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Yearbook of the United Nations 1991|editor=United Nations Department of Public Information|year=1992|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=0792319702|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BTdmYFgvyi0C&pg=PA1056|accessdate=24 November 2017}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Ksentini lụrụ Maazị Ouhachi-Vesely. == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ksentini, Fatma Zohra}} {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qk023tsal8gqq3wzf38rjzzri32x16y 0 26755 692457 638591 2026-07-30T06:52:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692457 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Hasta_luego_001.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ebe a na-azụ osisi n'ebe okpomọkụ na Planeta Verde Reforestación S.A.'s plantation na Vichada Department, [[Colombia]]]] [[Usòrò:Biodiversity_on_clearcut.jpg|thumb|Ala e ji osisi mee ka ọ dị afọ iri na ise]] [[Usòrò:RedPinePlantation.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ubi osisi red pine dị afọ iri abụọ na otu n'ebe ndịda Ontario]] Mweghari osisi (mgbe ụfọdụ, ịghaghachi azụ) bụ ihe ebumpụta ụwa ma ọ bụ kpachapụrụ anya iweghachi oke ọhịa na oke ọhịa (oke ọhịa) nke emebisịworo, na-abụkarị site na igbutu osisi mana ọ bụkwa mgbe a kpochapụrụ ya. == Nchịkwa == Okwu a na-arụrịta ụka n'ịkwagharị ọhịa a na-achịkwa bụ ma ọhịa na-aga n'ihu ga-enwe ụdị ụdị dị iche iche nke ọhịa mbụ ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na e were naanị otu ụdị osisi dochie oke ọhịa ahụ ma gbochie ahịhịa ndị ọzọ ka ọ ghara itolite azụ, oke ọhịa na-enweghị atụ nke yiri ihe ọkụkụ a na-akọ ga-esi na ya pụta. Otú ọ dị, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ịkụgharị ọhịa na-agụnye ịgha mkpụrụ osisi dị iche iche nke a na-esi na mpaghara ahụ, na-abụkarị ụdị dị iche iche. Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa bụ mmeghari okike nke ụdị osisi na anụmanụ dị iche iche nke nwere ike ime na ncha doro anya. N'ebe ụfọdụ, nkwụsị nke ọkụ ọhịa ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ emewo ka e nwee nnukwu ọhịa ndị agadi na ndị otu ụdị. Ịkụ osisi nke obere mkpị doro anya, na/ma ọ bụ ọkụ enyere iwu, na-abawanye ụdị ndụ dị iche iche na mpaghara ndị a site n'ịmepụta ọtụtụ afọ na ụdị osisi dị iche iche. Ihe karịrị 90% nke oke ọhịa n'ụwa na-amụba n'ụzọ anụ ahụ, ihe karịrị ọkara na-ekpuchikwa atụmatụ nlekọta ọhịa ma ọ bụ ihe dakọtara. == Maka owuwe ihe ubi == Ọ bụghị nanị na a na-eji mkpụgharị ọhịa eme ihe maka mgbake nke ọhịa ndị mebiri emebi na mberede. Na mba ụfọdụ, dị ka Finland, ọtụtụ n'ime ọhịa ndị a na-ahụ maka osisi na ụlọ ọrụ pulp na akwụkwọ. Na nhazi dị otú ahụ, dị ka ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ, a na-akụ osisi iji dochie ndị e gbuturu. Iwu Finnish Forest Act sitere na 1996 manyere iwugharị ọhịa ahụ mgbe e gbusịrị ya. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ike igbutu osisi n'ụzọ iji mee ka ọ dị mfe ịkụgharị ọhịa. Ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta osisi na-eji usoro dochie anya ọtụtụ osisi ndị ọ na-egbutu, na-ewe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị ọrụ okpomọkụ maka ọrụ ịkụ osisi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 2010, Weyerhaeuser kọrọ na-akụ mkpụrụ 50 million. Otú ọ dị, iji ihe ọkụkụ na-akụghachi ọhịa ochie na-adịghị na-eji otu àgwà ndị ọhụrụ dochie nke ochie. N'ime naanị afọ 20, ahịhịa teak dị na Costa Rica nwere ike ịmịpụta osisi ruru 400 m³ kwa hectare. Ka oke ọhịa teak ndị dị n'Eshia na-adị ụkọ ma ọ bụ sie ike inweta, ọnụ ahịa teak na-akụ ahịhịa na-ebuli elu kwa afọ. Ụdị ndị ọzọ, dị ka mahogany, na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ karịa teak na Tropical America mana ọ bara uru nke ukwuu. Ndị na-akụ ngwa ngwa gụnyere pine, eucalyptus na Gmelina. Mweghachi osisi, ọ bụrụ na ejiri ọtụtụ ụdị ụmụ amaala eme ihe, nwere ike inye uru ndị ọzọ na mgbakwunye na nkwụghachi ego, gụnyere mweghachi nke ala, mweghachi nke ahịhịa na anụ ọhịa dị n'ógbè ahụ, na ijide na ịchịkọta tọn 38 nke carbon dioxide kwa hectare kwa afọ. Iweghachi nke ọhịa abụghị naanị ịkụ osisi dị mfe. Ọhịa bụ obodo dị iche iche na-emepụta ihe ndị nwụrụ anwụ n'ime ala ka oge na-aga. Otu nnukwu mmemme ịkụ osisi nwere ike ime ka ihu igwe dị n'ógbè ahụ dịkwuo mma ma belata ihe a na-achọ ọkụ ọkụ buru ibu nke mmanụ ọkụ maka oyi n'oge okpomọkụ. == Maka mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe == Ohia bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke okirikiri carbon zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ihi na osisi na osisi na-amịkọrọ carbon dioxide site na photosynthesis. Ya mere, ha na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe: 37  Site n'iwepụ ikuku carbon dioxide griin haus, oke ohia na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ikuku carbon nke terrestrial, nke pụtara na ha na-echekwa nnukwu carbon. N'oge ọ bụla, oke ọhịa na-enweta ihe ruru okpukpu abụọ nke carbon dị na mbara igwe: 1456  ọhịa na-ewepụ ihe dị ka ijeri tọn carbon atọ kwa afọ. Nke a bụ ihe dị ka 30% nke ikuku carbon dioxide niile. Ya mere, mmụba n'ozuzu oke ọhịa gburugburu ụwa ga-ebelata okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Na mbido narị afọ nke 21st, mmasị n'ịkwagharị ọhịa tolitere n'ihi ike ọ nwere ibelata mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọbụlagodi na-ewepụghị ọrụ ugbo na obodo ukwu, ụwa nwere ike ịkwagide ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ijeri hectare nke ọhịa ọhụrụ. Nke a ga-ewepụ 25% nke carbon dioxide n'ikuku wee belata itinye uche ya na ọkwa dị na mmalite narị afọ nke 20. Mmụba okpomọkụ nke ogo 1.5 ga-ebelata ebe kwesịrị ekwesị maka oke ohia site na 20% n'afọ 2050, n'ihi na ụfọdụ ebe okpomọkụ ga-adị ọkụ. Mba ndị nwere oke ọhịa dị njikere bụ: Russia, Canada, Brazil, Australia, United States na China. Atụmatụ anọ bụ isi bụ: * Bụbawanye oke ọhịa site na iweghachi osisi * Mmụba nke oke ọhịa ndị dị ugbu a n'ogo na ala * Gbanwee ojiji nke ngwaahịa ọhịa nke na-anọchi anya ikuku fossil-fuel * Mbelata ikuku carbon nke mgbukpọ ọhịa na mmebi nke kpatara: 1456<ref name="Canadell">{{Cite journal|author=Canadell|first=J.G.|title=Managing Forests for Climate Change|journal=Science|volume=320|issue=5882|pages=1456–1457|date=2008-06-13|pmid=18556550|url=http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/global/pdf/canadell%26raupach2008_managingforests.science.pdf|doi=10.1126/science.1155458}}</ref>  Ọtụtụ òtù gburugburu ụwa na-akwado imezu atụmatụ nke mbụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na China, Jane Goodall Institute, site na ngalaba Shanghai Roots & Shoots, malitere Project Million Tree na Kulun Qi, Inner Mongolia iji kụọ otu nde osisi. China jiri hectare nde 24 nke oke ọhịa ọhụrụ iji belata 21% nke mmanụ ọkụ ndị China na 2000.: 1456  Na Java, Indonesia di na nwunye lụrụ ọhụrụ na-enye onye ọ bụla na-eduzi agbamakwụkwọ 5 seedlings. Di na nwunye ọ bụla na-agba alụkwaghịm na-enye onye ọ bụla gbara ha alụkwaghịm iri abụọ na ise. Costa Rica ji okpukpu abụọ nke mkpuchi ọhịa ya n'ime afọ 30 na-eji usoro enyemaka ya na ịkwụ ụgwọ ndị ọzọ maka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka ndị nwe ala. A na-enweta ego ndị a site na onyinye mba ụwa na ụtụ isi obodo. Usoro nke abụọ metụtara ịhọpụta ụdị maka ịkụ osisi. Na tiori, ịkụ ụdị osisi ọ bụla iji mepụta oke ọhịa ga-enwetakwu carbon dioxide site na ikuku. Agbanyeghị, ụdị mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwere ike ito ngwa ngwa karịa ụdị anaghị agbanwe agbanwe.: 93  Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ọkụkụ ndị a na-etolite. A ga-akụ osisi ndị dị otú ahụ na-eto ngwa ngwa maka owuwe ihe ubi ma nwee ike ịmịkọrọ carbon dioxide ngwa ngwa karịa osisi ndị na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eto eto.:  Mmetụta na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-emetụta ọnọdụ ọhịa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mwegharị osisi na mpaghara boreal ma ọ bụ subarctic enwechaghị mmetụta na ihu igwe. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọ nọchiri anya mpaghara albedo dị elu, nke snow na-achị nke nwere oke ọhịa albedo dị ala. N'ụzọ dị iche, ọrụ mweghachi nke okpomọkụ na-eduga na mgbanwe dị mma dị ka nhazi igwe ojii. Igwe ojii ndị a na-egosipụta ìhè anyanwụ, na-ebelata okpomọkụ.:  Ịkụ osisi na ihu igwe okpomọkụ na oge mmiri nwere uru ọzọ. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, osisi na-eto ngwa ngwa (na-edozikwu carbon) n'ihi na ha nwere ike itolite kwa afọ. Osisi ndị dị na ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ nwere, na nkezi, buru ibu, na-egbuke egbuke, na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ karịa ihu igwe na-abụghị okpomọkụ. Nnyocha e mere n'ịdị elu nke osisi 70,000 n'ofe Africa egosila na oke ọhịa ndị dị n'ebe okpomọkụ na-edozi mmetọ carbon dioxide karịa ka a tụrụ anya na mbụ. Nchọpụta a tụrụ aro na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ ise nke mmanụ ọkụ na-esi n'oké ọhịa gafee Africa, Amazonia na Eshia. Simon Lewis kwuru, "Osisi ọhịa nke ebe okpomọkụ na-amịkọrọ ihe dịka 18% nke carbon dioxide agbakwunyere na mbara igwe kwa afọ site na mmanụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ, na-egbochi mgbanwe mgbanwe." N'ihe dị ka afọ 2008, a na-egbutu osisi dị ijeri hectare 1.3 kwa afọ. Ibelata nke a ga-ebelata oke ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa iji nweta ogo nke mbelata. == Ụzọ e si eme ya == Otu nnyocha chọpụtara na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ 300 na-ebi n'okirikiri ohere mweghachi ọhịa dị na Global South, na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke obodo ndị na-enweghị ego na-akpata, ma na-arụ ụka maka itinye aka na "obodo" na ọrụ mweghachi nke ọhịa. === Iji osisi na mgbọrọgwụ ndị dị ugbu a === Ịkụ osisi ọhụrụ na-ebutekarị ihe ruru 90% nke mkpụrụ osisi na-ada ada. Otú ọ dị, ọbụna n'ebe ndị e gbuturu osisi, usoro mgbọrọgwụ dị adị na-adịkarị. Enwere ike ịbawanye uto site na ịkwachaa na coppicing ebe a na-egbutu alaka ole na ole nke ome ọhụrụ na-ejikarị eme ihe maka unyi, n'onwe ya bụ isi ihe na-akpata igbutu osisi. Ebe ọ bụ na a naghị akụ mkpụrụ ọhụrụ, ọ dị ọnụ ala. Na mgbakwunye, o yikarịrị ka ha ga-adị ndụ n'ihi na usoro mgbọrọgwụ ha adịlarị ma nwee ike ịbanye na mmiri dị n'ime ala n'oge oge siri ike na-enweghị mmiri ozuzo. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro a dị adị kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ, a na-akpọ ya ugbu a mgbe ụfọdụ ka ndị ọrụ ugbo jikwaa na-amụba ihe okike. === Ihe mkpali ego === Amụma na-akwalite mkpụgharị osisi maka ihe mkpali na nloghachi egosila nsonaazụ na-ekwe nkwa nke ịbụ echiche dị irè ma na-akpali akpali iji kụọ osisi n'ụwa niile n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ dị ukwuu. Ụfọdụ ihe mkpali maka mkpụgharị ọhịa nwere ike ịdị mfe dị ka nkwụghachi ego. Streck and Scholz (2006) kọwara ka otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị sitere na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche si mepụta mbelata akwụ ụgwọ nke usoro igbutu osisi nke ga-akwụghachi mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe na-akpaghasị ihe ọ bụla ọzọ nke igbutu osisi. Mba ndị na-ekere òkè ma na-ewere nhọrọ iji belata ihe ọkụkụ ha sitere na igbutu osisi n'ime oge a ga-enweta ụgwọ ọrụ ego maka ikuku carbon dioxide nke ha na-ezere.: 875   Iji bulie ịkwụ ụgwọ, mba ndị ọbịa ga-enye ego nke gọọmentị ma ọ bụ kparịta ụdị ụfọdụ. nke mbinye ego na ụlọ ọrụ ego nke ga-achọ isonye na nkwụghachi ụgwọ e kwere ná mba ọzọ. Enwere ike itinye ego obodo ahụ nwetara iji nyere aka chọta ụzọ ọzọ maka igbutu oke ọhịa. Usoro a niile nke igbutu ikuku ga-abụ nke afọ ofufo, mana mgbe mba ahụ kwekọrịtara iwetu ihe ọkụkụ ha, ha ga-amarịrị ibelata ihe ọkụkụ ha. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na obodo enweghị ike iru ọrụ ha, ebumnuche ha ga-agbakwunye na oge ntinye aka ọzọ. Ndị dere amụma ndị a na-ahụ nke a dị ka naanị nkwekọrịta gọọmentị na gọọmentị; ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe agaghị eso na azụmaahịa akwụ ụgwọ. Ebe ọzọ na-enweta ego na-enweta iji kwado ọrụ mkpogharị osisi na-ekwu maka ire kredit carbon sequestration, nke enwere ike irere ụlọ ọrụ na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na-achọ ịkwụghachi akara ụkwụ carbon ha. Usoro a na-enye ohere ka ndị nwe ala na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enweta ego ha nwetara site n'ịkwalite osisi nke ala ha, ebe ha na-erite uru n'otu oge site na ahụike ala dị mma na ụbara mmepụta ihe. N'akụkụ usoro mkpali ego n'oge gara aga, uru ụtụ isi nke osisi bụ ụzọ ọzọ gọọmentị si agba ndị ụlọ ọrụ ume ka ha kwalite ụzọ mkpọ osisi site na nkwa nke nkwụsịtụ ụtụ isi. Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị nwe ala na-achọ inweta kredit carbon site na nkewa, nsonye ha na-akwadokwa ụdị ndụ dị iche iche ma na-enye ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi maka ihe ọkụkụ na anụ ụlọ. == Mmejuputa == [[Usòrò:Regrowth_-_Mount_Baker-Snoqualmie_National_Forest.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọhịa na-etolite ọzọ na Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington steeti, US]] === Ụwa Nile === Nzukọ akụ na ụba ụwa nke 2020, nke e mere na Davos, kwupụtara mmepụta nke mkpọsa osisi Trillion, nke bụ atụmatụ na-achọ ịkụ osisi 1 trillion n'ofe ụwa. Mmejuputa iwu a nwere ike inwe nnukwu uru gburugburu ebe obibi na nke ọha mana ọ dị mkpa ka ahaziri ya na ọnọdụ mpaghara. Atụmatụ mweghachi nke odida obodo na-achọ imezigharị odida obodo na rụkwaa akụkụ ndị dị n'akụkụ na ndị mebiri emebi iji wepụta ala ọhịa na-arụpụta ihe nke na-adịte aka na ogologo oge. Ọ na-achọ ijide n'aka na eweghachiri ọrụ dị iche iche nke gburugburu ebe obibi na iji ala, chekwaa ma chekwaa ka oge na-aga. === Eshia === ==== China ==== Na China, ọtụtụ mmemme mịgharị ihe dị adị kemgbe 1970s, bụ nke nweworo ihe ịga nke ọma n'ozuzu ya. Mkpuchi ọhịa amụbaala site na 12% nke ala China ruo 16%. [Ebe e bipụtara onwe ya?] Otú ọ dị, mmemme a kapịrị ọnụ enwebeghị ihe ịga nke ọma. "Mgbidi Green nke China", mbọ iji gbochie mgbasawanye nke Ọzara Gobi, ka e mere atụmatụ ka ọ dị kilomita 2,800 (4,500 km) ogologo ma rụchaa ya na 2050. N'afọ 2015, China kwupụtara atụmatụ ịkụ osisi ijeri 26 site na mba ahụ. afọ 2025; ya bụ, osisi abụọ maka ụmụ amaala China ọ bụla kwa afọ. China chọrọ ka ụmụ akwụkwọ tolitere karịa afọ 11 kụọ otu osisi kwa afọ ruo mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. N'agbata 2013 na 2018, China kụrụ ọhịa 338,000 square kilomita, na-efu $82.88 ijeri. Ka ọ na-erule 2018, 21.7% nke ókèala China kpuchiri oke ọhịa, ọnụ ọgụgụ gọọmentị chọrọ ịbawanye ruo 26% site na 2035. Ngụkọta mpaghara China dị square kilomita 9,596,961 (lee China), yabụ 412,669 square kilomita kwesịrị ka a kụọ ya. Dị ka atụmatụ gọọmentị si kwuo, ka ọ na-erule 2050, 30% nke ókèala China kwesịrị iji ọhịa kpuchie ya. N'afọ 2017, Saihanba Afforestation Community meriri UN Champions of the Earth Award inspiration and Action maka mbọ ha na-eme nke ọma n'ịkụgharị osisi, bụ nke malitere mgbe ha chọpụtara na otu osisi dị ndụ. Site na 2016 ruo 2021, 3976 square kilomita nke ọhịa ka a kụrụ na Tibet Autonomous Region, na-enwe atụmatụ a ga-akụ osisi 20 nde tupu 2023. N'afọ 2012-2022 China weghachiri oke ọhịa karịrị nde hectare 70 (700,000 km2). China kwadoro ịkụ na ichekwa osisi ijeri 70 n'afọ 2030 dịka akụkụ nke Mgbasa Ozi Osisi Trillion. Amalitere na 1978 ma hazie ya ka ọ ga-adịgide ruo 2050, mmemme mmepe ọhịa atọ nke Northern echebe - nke a na-akpọkarị "Great Green Wall" - bu n'obi kụọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde acres 90 nke ọhịa ọhụrụ n'ebe dị kilomita 2,800 nke ugwu China. ==== India ==== Jadav Payeng enwetala ihe nrite mba maka mbọ mkpụgharị osisi, nke a maara dị ka "oke ọhịa Molai". Ọ kụrụ hectare 1400 nke ọhịa n'akụkụ osimiri Brahmaputra naanị. A na-agba mbọ mkpụgharị osisi na mba ahụ dum. Na 2016, India nwere ihe karịrị nde osisi 50 a kụrụ na Uttar Pradesh na na 2017, a kụrụ ihe karịrị nde osisi 66 na Madhya Pradesh. Na mgbakwunye na nke a na mbọ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, enwere ụlọ ọrụ mmalite, dị ka Afforest, nke a na-emepụta na mba ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na-akụ osisi. A na-arụ ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ na kọntinenti India mana nlanarị ahụ adịghị mma nke ukwuu karịsịa maka nnukwu ihe ọkụkụ, na-erughị 20% ịlanahụ. Iji meziwanye oke ohia na iji mezuo ebumnuche mba nke mkpuchi ohia nke 33%, ọ dị mkpa imeziwanye usoro nke ịkụ ihe. Kama ịkụ ihe n'ụba, ọ dị mkpa ịrụ ọrụ na nha arụmọrụ & nyochaa uto osisi. N'iburu nke a n'uche, otu ụlọ ọrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ bụ Ek Kadam Sansthan na Jaipur na-eduzi mmepe nke modul nke nleba anya n'ugbo maka ihe ọkụkụ. Emeela onye na-anya ụgbọ elu nke ọma na nzukọ a na-atụ anya imejuputa obodo na njedebe nke 2021. ==== Japan ==== Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery na-akọwa na ihe dị ka ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ala Japan jupụtara n'oké ọhịa, na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gbanwee site na 1966 ruo 2012. Japan kwesịrị ibelata 26% nke ikuku gas na-esi na 2013 site na 2030 iji mezuo Paris. Agreement na-agbalị ibelata 2% n'ime ha site ọhịa. Oke mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụ mmadụ tinyere ihe metụtara igbukpọ osisi, mmetọ mmiri, mmebi anwụrụ ọkụ, na mfu nke ala nke ọrụ Ngwuputa na Ashio kpatara, Tochigi ghọrọ okwu mmekọrịta ọha na eze mbụ na Japan, mgbalị nke Shōzō Tanaka toro ruo nnukwu mkpọsa megide ọla kọpa. ọrụ. Nke a mere ka e kee 'Watarase Yusuichi Pond', iji dozie mmetọ nke bụ saịtị Ramsar taa. Reforestation e duziri dị ka akụkụ nke igbu osisi n'ihi enweghị ike nke onwe-agbake site eke ala n'onwe ya n'ihi oké njọ ala mmetọ na ọnwụ nke osisi n'ihi na ọnwụ nke ala maka osisi na-eto eto, si otú mkpa artificial mgbalị metụtara iwebata nke ike Ona si n'èzí. . Malite na gburugburu 1897, ihe dị ka 50% nke ugwu nkwọcha alaghachila azụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=日光 足尾 体験植樹 案内|url=http://www.ashiomidori.com/%E4%BD%93%E9%A8%93%E6%A4%8D%E6%A8%B9%E3%81%AE%E3%81%94%E6%A1%88%E5%86%85/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202020211/http://www.ashiomidori.com/%E4%BD%93%E9%A8%93%E6%A4%8D%E6%A8%B9%E3%81%AE%E3%81%94%E6%A1%88%E5%86%85/|archivedate=2016-02-02|accessdate=2016-01-29}}</ref> ==== Pakistan ==== A malitere Tsunami Billion Tree na 2014 site n'ịkụ osisi 10 ijeri, nke gọọmentị mpaghara Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) na Imran Khan, dị ka nzaghachi maka ihe ịma aka nke okpomọkụ ụwa. Tsunami ijeri osisi Pakistan weghachiri oke ọhịa 350,000 na ala mebiri emebi karia nkwa ịma aka Bonn ya. Na 2018, praịm minista Pakistan Imran Khan kwupụtara na mba ahụ ga-akụ osisi ijeri iri n'ime afọ ise na-abịa. N'afọ 2020, gọọmentị Pakistan wepụtara atụmatụ ịkpọ ndị ọrụ 63,600 ka ha kụọ osisi na mpaghara ugwu Punjab, nwere ụdị ụmụ amaala dịka acacia, mulberry na moringa. Ebumnuche a bụ iji belata enweghị ọrụ nke mkpọchi mkpọchi kpatara iji belata mgbasa nke COVID-19. ==== Philippines ==== Na 2011, Philippines guzobere National Greening Programme dị ka mmemme kachasị mkpa iji nyere aka belata ịda ogbenye, kwalite nchekwa nri, nkwụsi ike gburugburu ebe obibi, na nchekwa ihe dị iche iche, yana ịkwalite mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmegharị na mba ahụ. Mmemme ahụ meghere ụzọ maka ịkụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ijeri mkpụrụ osisi 1.4 n'ihe dịka hectare nde 1.66 na mba n'oge 2011-2016. Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu họọrọ Philippines nke ise n'etiti mba ndị na-akọ oke uru mpaghara ọhịa kwa afọ, nke ruru hectare 240,000 n'oge 2010-2015. === Europe === ==== Armenia ==== Ọ bụ Armenia Tree Project tọrọ ntọala na 1994 iji lebara nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba metụtara oke ọhịa Armenia na-ebelata. Kemgbe e hiwere ya, nzukọ a akụwo ihe karịrị nde osisi 6.5 n'ime obodo niile na Armenia. ==== Ireland ==== N'afọ 2019, gọọmentị Ireland kpebiri ịkụ osisi nde 440 n'afọ 2040. Mkpebi a bụ akụkụ nke atụmatụ gọọmentị ime ka Ireland ghara ịnọpụ iche na carbon n'afọ 2050 site na iji ume ọhụrụ, mgbanwe iji ala na ụtụ carbon. A na-akwali Ireland ịbawanye oriri osisi na-adigide ma na-agbakwunyekwa ọnọdụ ọrụ enyi na enyi. Ha agbaala mbọ iji belata ojiji nke ikuku methane site n'ịbinye aka n'akwụkwọ iji weghachite iji methane 30%. ==== Germany ==== Ka ọ na-erule narị afọ nke 14, ụlọ ọrụ emebiwo ọhịa ndị dị n'ebe ndị mmadụ buru ibu, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha chọrọ osisi maka ọrụ ha. Peter Stromer (1310-1388), onye nwe Stromer trading na ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa, bụ nke ụkọ a kpaliri "ime nnwale omenala ọhịa". N'afọ 1368, ọ kụrụ osisi fir na pine nke ọma na Nuremberg Reichswald, bụ nke ka oge na-aga kwụsịrị ụkọ osisi ma guzobe "mmeri nke pine na Nuremberg Reichswald" (na-efunahụ osisi ndị ọzọ). "Ozizi nke ịgha mkpụrụ nke coniferous" gbasara n'ọtụtụ ebe site na iwu oke ọhịa na ihe odide ndị ọzọ n'oge ahụ. Achọrọ mkpụgharị ọhịa dịka akụkụ nke iwu oke ọhịa gọọmenti etiti. 31% nke Germany bụ oke ọhịa, dị ka akwụkwọ ndekọ ọnụ ahịa ọhịa nke abụọ nke 2001-2003 siri dị. Oke oke ọhịa dị na Jamanị mụbara n'etiti ngwa ahịa ọhịa nke mbụ na nke abụọ n'ihi oke ọhịa nke ahịhịa ndị mebiri emebi na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo. ==== United Kingdom ==== Kemgbe 1980s, a kụrụ osisi nde 8.5 na United Kingdom na mpaghara Midlands gburugburu obodo Moira na Donistorpe, nke dị nso na Leicester. A na-akpọ ebe ahụ The National Forest. Ọrụ mkpogharị osisi ka ukwuu, nke a na-akpọ The Northern Forest, na-amalite na South Yorkshire. Ọ na-achọ ịkụ osisi nde 50. N'agbanyeghị nke a, a katọrọ gọọmentị UK maka imezu ebumnuche ịkụ osisi ya. Enweelakwa nchegbu maka ịkụ osisi na-abụghị nke obodo na-akpaghasị iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke gburugburu ebe obibi na usoro nke ihe ga-abụ mweghachi ebe obibi. === Middle East === ==== Israel ==== Kemgbe 1948, a rụzuru nnukwu ọrụ mweghachi na ịkụ osisi n'Izrel. Akụla osisi nde 240. Ọnụọgụ mkpochapụ carbon n'ime oke ọhịa ndị a yiri oke ọhịa ndị Europe. [[Israel]] na naanị otu mba ọzọ ka edepụtara na ha nwere ụbara oke ọhịa n'afọ ndị 2000. Enwere ike ịsị na ụdị ọganihu a bụ omume ọha mmadụ nke Israel na-etinye n'ime obodo ha. ==== Lebanọn ==== Ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ, Lebanon kpuchiri n'oké ọhịa; Otu ụdị mmasị, Cedrus libani bara ezigbo uru, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ikpochapụ ya n'ihi ịrụ ọrụ osisi. Ọtụtụ omenala oge ochie n'akụkụ Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na-egbute osisi ndị a gụnyere ndị Finishia bụ ndị na-eji cedar, pine na osisi junipa arụ ụgbọ mmiri, ndị Rom, bụ ndị na-egbutu ha maka ọkụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ, na ndị Ottoman, bụ ndị na-eji ọtụtụ n'ime ọhịa cedar fọdụrụnụ. Lebanon dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala na ụgbọ oloko uzuoku na mmalite narị afọ nke 20. N'agbanyeghị puku afọ abụọ nke igbutu osisi, oke ọhịa ndị dị na Lebanon ka na-ekpuchi 13.6% nke mba ahụ, na ala ndị ọzọ nke osisi na-anọchi anya 11%. Iwu Nke 558, nke ndị omeiwu nke Lebanon kwadoro na Eprel 19, 1996, na-achọ ichebe ma gbasaa ọhịa ndị dị ugbu a, na-ekewa oke ọhịa nile nke cedar, fir, elu junipa, cypress evergreen na osisi ndị ọzọ, ma dịgasị iche iche ma ọ bụ otu, ma steeti. -nwere ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị dị ka ọhịa echekwara. Ebe ọ bụ na 2011 ka a kụrụ ihe karịrị osisi 600,000, gụnyere cedars na ụdị ala ndị ọzọ, na Lebanọn dum dị ka akụkụ nke Lebanon Reforestation Initiative, nke na-achọ iweghachi oke ọhịa Lebanon. Ọrụ ndị a na-enweta ego na mpaghara yana site n'aka ndị ọrụ ebere mba ụwa na-arụ nnukwu osisi cedar a na-arụ na mpaghara Mediterenian, ọkachasị na Lebanon na [[Turkéy|Turkey]], ebe a na-akụ ihe karịrị nde cedar 50 nde kwa afọ. The Lebanon Reforestation Initiative na-arụ ọrụ na ebe a na-elekọta osisi na Lebanon niile kemgbe 2012 iji too osisi siri ike na ọnụego nlanarị dị elu. ==== Turkey ==== N'ime hectare nde 78 nke mba ahụ na mkpokọta Ministri Ọrụ Ugbo na oke ohia bu n'obi ịbawanye oke ọhịa Turkey ruo 30% n'afọ 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 March 2018|title=Turkey goes greener with new afforestation campaign|work=Daily Sabah|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2018/03/22/turkey-goes-greener-with-new-afforestation-campaign}}</ref> Afọ 4000 gara aga Anatolia bụ 60% ruo 70% ọhịa. Ọ bụ ezie na osisi osisi Turkey ka dị iche iche karịa ọtụtụ mba Europe igbutu osisi mere n'oge oge ochie na oge akụkọ ihe mere eme, gụnyere oge Rom na Ottoman. Kemgbe koodu ọhịa mbụ nke 1937, nkọwa gọọmentị gọọmentị maka 'oke ọhịa' dị iche iche. Dị ka nkọwa dị ugbu a si dị nde hectare 21 bụ ọhịa, mmụba nke ihe dị ka nde hectare 1 n'ime afọ 30 gara aga, mana naanị ihe dị ka ọkara bụ 'na-arụpụta'. Agbanyeghị, dịka otu United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation si kọwaa oke ọhịa ihe dị ka nde hectare 12 ka a gbara ọhịa na 2015, ihe dịka 15% nke elu ala. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikuku griin haus nke Turkey wepụrụ site na oke ohia bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka. Dị ka 2019 Otú ọ dị, a na-eme nyocha ọhụrụ site n'enyemaka nke satịlaịtị na nha ala ọhụrụ na ozi ka mma kwesịrị ịdị na 2020. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ World Resources Institute si kwuo "Atlas of Forest Landscape Opportunities" nde hectare 50 bụ oke ọhịa nwere ike ime, mpaghara yiri oke ọhịa Anatolian oge ochie a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu. Nke a nwere ike inye aka belata mgbanwe ihu igwe na Turkey. Iji nyere aka chekwaa ụdị ndụ dị iche iche nke Turkey ka atụwo aro ka oke ọhịa na-adigide. Ọ dịkwa mkpa ijikwa nlekọta ala ahịhịa emelitere. Ụbọchị oke ọhịa nke mba dị na 11 Nọvemba mana, dịka otu ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ ahịa ọhịa siri kwuo n'agbanyeghị na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo kụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ osisi na 2019, ọtụtụ nwụrụ site na 2020 n'otu akụkụ n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo. === North America === ==== Canada ==== Natural Resources Canada (Ngalaba na-ahụ maka ihe ndị sitere n'okike) na-ekwu na mbelata oke ọhịa nke mba site na 1990 ruo 2015, na Canada nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ igbukpọ osisi kacha ala n'ụwa. Ụlọ ọrụ ọhịa bụ otu n'ime isi ụlọ ọrụ na Canada, nke na-enye ihe dị ka 7% nke akụ na ụba Canada, na ihe dị ka 9% nke oke ọhịa dị n'ụwa dị na Canada. Ya mere, Canada nwere ọtụtụ atumatu na iwu itinye aka na njikwa ọhịa na-adigide. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, 94% nke oke ọhịa Canada bụ ala ọha na eze, gọọmentị na-amanye ịgha osisi mgbe ha wechara ya n'ọhịa ọha. ==== United States ==== [[Usòrò:Replanting_a_burned_area_on_the_Idaho_Panhandle_NF_(39730798234).jpg|thumb|Ịgha mkpụrụ n'ebe ọkụ gbara site na USFS, Idaho Panhandle National Forest]] Ọ bụ ebumnuche ekwuru nke US Forest Service (USFS) ijikwa akụ oke ọhịa nke ọma. Nke a na-agụnye mkpụgharị osisi mgbe owuwe ihe ubi osisi, na mmemme ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 April 2012|title=Forest Service Chief testifies before Senate appropriations committee on 2013 agency budget|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/news/2012/releases/04/budget.shtml|accessdate=29 April 2012|publisher=US Forest Service}}</ref> Ihe ndekọ nke [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA) na-egosi na ọhịa nwere ihe dị ka 46% nke ngụkọta ala US na 1630 (mgbe ndị ọbịa Europe malitere ịbịarute ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu), mana agbadala ruo 34% na 1910. Mgbe 1910 gasịrị, mpaghara ọhịa ka dịgidere. ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbe niile n'agbanyeghị na ọnụ ọgụgụ US abawanyela nke ukwuu. N'ọgwụgwụ narị afọ nke 19, e hiwere US Service Forest Service n'otu akụkụ iji lebara nchegbu nke ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha anya n'ihi igbutu osisi, na mmemme nhazigharị ọhụrụ na iwu gọọmenti etiti dịka Knutson-Vandenberg Act (1930). Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka oke ọhịa nke United States na-ekwu na a chọrọ mkpụgharị osisi nke mmadụ na-eduzi iji kwado nrụpụta okike na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-etinye aka na nyocha na-aga n'ihu n'ime ụzọ dị irè isi weghachi ọhịa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reforestation Overview|url=https://www.fs.fed.us/restoration/reforestation/overview.shtml|accessdate=7 September 2018|work=U.S. Forest Service}}</ref> Banyere afọ 2020, United States of America kụrụ osisi ijeri 2.5 kwa afọ. Na mbido afọ 2020, ụgwọ ga-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ ruo ijeri 3.3, ndị Republican tụpụtara ya, ka Onye isi ala Donald Trump sonyeere Mgbasa Ozi Osisi Trillion.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Frazin|first=Rachel|date=2 February 2020|title=GOP bill will seek to commit US to planting 3.3 billion trees annually|url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/480968-gop-lawmaker-wants-us-to-commit-to-planting-33-billion-trees|accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref> === South America === ==== Costa Rica ==== Site na iweghachi ọhịa na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, Costa Rica ji okpukpu abụọ kpuchie ọhịa ya n'ime afọ 30.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Costa Rica has doubled its tropical rainforests in just a few decades. Here's how|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/06/costa-rica-has-doubled-its-tropical-rainforests-in-just-a-few-decades-here-s-how/|work=World Economic Forum|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-06}}</ref> Costa Rica nwere nkwa ogologo oge maka gburugburu ebe obibi. Obodo ugbu a bụ otu n'ime ndị isi nke nkwado, ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na nchekwa ndị ọzọ. Ọ chọrọ ịbụ mmanụ ọkụ kpamkpam n'efu site na 2050. Mba ahụ ewepụtala ike eletrik ya niile site na isi mmalite ndị a na-emegharị ọhụrụ ruo afọ atọ dị ka nke 2019. O meela nkwa ịbụ nke enweghị carbon na enweghị plastik site na 2021. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2019, ọkara ala nke mba ahụ jupụtara n"oké ọhịa. Ha na-amị nnukwu carbon dioxide, na'ịlụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ. N'ime 1940s, ihe karịrị 75% nke mba ahụ kpuchiri n'ọtụtụ oke ọhịa mmiri ozuzo na oke ọhịa ndị ọzọ. N'agbata afọ 1940 na 1980, igbutu osisi buru ibu, nke a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa dugara na igbukpọsị osisi. Ka ọ na-erule 1983, naanị 26% nke mba ahụ nwere oke ọhịa. N'ịghọta mbibi ahụ, ndị omebe iwu guzoro. Site na nleba anya gburugburu ebe obibi na-aga n'ihu, ha nwere ike ịtụgharị ihe ruo n'ókè nke na mkpuchi ọhịa amụbaala ruo 52% taa, okpukpu abụọ karịa ọkwa 1983. Onye ndu ụwa a na-asọpụrụ maka njem njem na nchekwa, Costa Rica ebutela ụzọ mmepe nke ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Usoro nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi nke Costa Rica anọwo na-agba ume maka nchekwa na ịkwagharị ala site n'inye onyinye maka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Usoro ahụ abụghị naanị na ọ dị elu maka oge ya kamakwa ọ na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya n'ụwa. O nwetara nlebara anya zuru ụwa ọnụ. Mba ahụ ewepụtala mmemme iji kwụọ ndị nwe ala ụgwọ maka ịkụgharị ọhịa. Otu n'ime mmemme e hiwere na Costa Rica bụ Asambodo Nkwalite ọhịa na 1979 ma na-akwado ya site na onyinye mba ụwa na ụtụ isi obodo. Atumatu a na-enyere aka ichekwa oke ohia di na mba ahu, ma ugbu a enyekwara aka n'inye iwu nke oke ohia n'afo 1986 na FONAFIFO n'aho 1990 nke na-eme ka a mara na mmemme nchekwa ahu ga n'ihu.<ref name=":2">{{Citation}}</ref> ==== Peru ==== Ihe dị ka 59% nke Peru bụ ọhịa kpuchiri. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na enweghị ike gọọmentị na-akwado iwu gburugburu ebe obibi emeela ka mmebi nke ọhịa na gburugburu ebe obibi dị na Peru. Mkpoko ndị agha na 1968 kpatara mfu nke mmegharị akụ na ụba na mpaghara Talara wee kpalite mmụba na igbu osisi na-akwadoghị n'ihi enweghị ohere akụ na ụba ọzọ. Ngwuputa ogbunigwe na igbu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na-akpata oke mbibi nke Peru na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi. Gọọmenti Peruvian enwebeghị ike ịmanye atụmatụ nhazi nhazi ngwuputa ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi iji chebe oke ọhịa Amazon dị na mpaghara Madre de Dios. A maara 1980s na Peru dị ka "afọ iri furu efu" n'ihi esemokwu dị n'ime obodo na nnukwu nsogbu akụ na ụba nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ibibi obodo ahụ ma mee ka steeti ahụ ghara ịchịkwa ọtụtụ mpaghara. Ọtụtụ mpaghara dị na Peru, gụnyere Madre de Dios, enweghị ọnụnọ steeti ruo mgbe gọọmentị malitere mmegharị 'imeri na mejupụta Amazon,' na-enwe olileanya ibelata ọrụ Ngwuputa iwu na-akwadoghị na nke na-agbasaghị na mpaghara ahụ ma na-emetọ ndị Amazonian. osimiri na nbibi nke oke ohia ya. Atụmatụ mwegharị osisi agbasawanyela na mba ahụ kemgbe. Na Peru, mkpụgharị osisi dị mkpa iji chekwaa ndụ obodo n'ime ime obodo n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị bi na-adabere n'oké ọhịa n'ụzọ ụfọdụ. Igbukpọsị osisi na-emetụtakwa obodo ndị dị na Peru n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, nke mere mgbalị ịkụgharị osisi ji dị mkpa maka nchekwa nke ọtụtụ obodo. === Sub-Saharan Africa === Otu atụmatụ dị na mpaghara a gụnyere ịkụ osisi obosara dị kilomita itoolu na mpaghara ndịda nke Ọzara Sahara maka ịkwụsị mgbasawanye ya na ndịda. Atụmatụ Great Green Wall bụ atụmatụ ndị Africa na-eme ka "acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ" kọntinent site na ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ọwụwa anyanwụ iji lụso ọzara ọgụ. Ọ gbadoro ụkwụ n'ịlụso ịda ogbenye ọgụ (site n'ọrụ nke ndị ọrụ chọrọ maka ọrụ a) yana mmebi nke ala dị na mpaghara Sahel-Saharan, na-elekwasị anya n'obere ala dị 15 km (9 mi) n'obosara na 7,500 km (4,750 mi) ogologo. site na Dakar ruo Djibouti. Ruo Mee 2020, mba 21 sonyeere ọrụ a, mgbasawanye nke ọzara Sahara na-emetụta ọtụtụ n'ime ha. Ọ kwesịrị ịmepụta ọrụ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nde iri site na 2030. N'afọ 2019, Etiopia malitere nnukwu mkpọsa ịkụ osisi "Green Legacy" na ebumnuche ịkụ osisi ijeri 4 n'ime otu afọ. N'ime otu ụbọchị naanị, a kụrụ ihe karịrị nde osisi 350. === Nzukọ === Ecosia bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ dabere na Berlin, Germany, nke kụrụ ihe karịrị 100 million osisi n'ụwa niile dịka nke Julaị 2020. Osisi for the Future enyerela ihe karịrị ezinụlọ 170,000 aka, na obodo 6,800 nke Asia, Africa na America, ịkụ ihe karịrị nde osisi 35..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.treesftf.org/about/history.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613074936/http://treesftf.org/about/history.htm|title=Trees for the Future|archivedate=June 13, 2010}}</ref> Ecologi bụ nzukọ na-enye ndị otu ya ụzọ ha ga-esi kwado ihe ngwọta mgbanwe ihu igwe. Nke a na-agụnye ịkwụsị ikuku carbon ha na ịkụ osisi. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a kụrụ ihe karịrị nde osisi 50 site na Ecologi, yana ihe karịrị nde tọn 2.2 nke CO2e belatara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dACvzjE5nBE1cKZBAhYzsUa7rIiLJqCWXVgY4bNS8_Q/edit?usp=embed_facebook|title=Ecologi Public Impact and Operations Ledger|work=Google Docs}}</ref> Wangari Maathai, onye nnata Nobel Peace Prize 2004, hibere Green Belt Movement nke kụrụ ihe karịrị nde osisi 47 iji weghachi gburugburu Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenbeltmovement.org/|title=The Green Belt Movement|work=www.greenbeltmovement.org|accessdate=2023-05-30|archivedate=2019-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922064433/http://www.greenbeltmovement.org/}}</ref> Shanghai Roots & Shoots, ngalaba nke Jane Goodall Institute, malitere Project Million Tree na Kulun Qi, Mongolia Inner iji kụọ otu nde osisi iji kwụsị ọzara na ibelata okpomọkụ ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jgi-shanghai.org|title=Shanghai Roots & Shoots|accessdate=2019-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224030000/http://www.jgi-shanghai.org/|archivedate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtpchina.org/|title=MTP百万植树计划|work=MTP百万植树计划|accessdate=2023-05-30|archivedate=2019-04-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425103341/http://www.mtpchina.org/}}</ref> Team Trees bụ ndị na-akwado ego 2019 nwere atụmatụ ịkụ osisi nde 20. Ndị US YouTubers MrBeast na Mark Rober malitere atụmatụ a, ndị YouTubers kwadoro ya. Arbor Day Foundation ga-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị mmekọ obodo ya gburugburu ụwa iji kụọ otu osisi maka dollar ọ bụla ha welitere. Osisi Maka Ndụ (Brooklyn Park) bụ ọgbakọ dabere na steeti, nke hiwere laa azụ na 1981 wee wepụta mmemme nchekwa, ahịhịa na ọzụzụ obodo. Ugbu a ọ nwere puku kwuru puku ndị nkwado na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-akwalite ọrụ n'ime obodo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 July 2021|title=Trees For Life|url=https://treesforlife.org.au/|accessdate=26 July 2021|archivedate=4 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304082850/https://treesforlife.org.au/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=19 July 2021|title=From Little Things Big Things Grow|work=The Southern Cross|url=https://thesoutherncross.org.au/schools/2021/07/19/from-little-things-big-things-grow/|accessdate=26 July 2021}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-anwa ị nweta nkwụghachi carbon site na ngwọta sitere n'okike dị ka mkpọgharị osisi, gụnyere ọhịa mangrove na mweghachi ala. Otu n'ime ha bụ Microsoft na Eni. Ịbawanye ihe mkpuchi ọhịa nke ụwa site na 25% ga-ewepụ ihe ndị mmadụ na-emepụta n'ime afọ 20 gara aga. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, ọ ga-adị mkpa ịdọrọ na ikuku CO2 nke ewepụtaralarị. Agbanyeghị, nke a nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ga-akwụsị ikuku ọhụrụ wee kwụsị igbutu osisi.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hook|first=Leslie|title=Business turns to nature to fight climate change|url=https://www.ft.com/content/7d940587-4502-4468-acea-a67b7bf6a523|accessdate=28 July 2020|date=28 July 2020}}</ref> == Echiche ndị metụtara ya == Echiche yiri nke ahụ, ịkọ oke ọhịa, na-ezo aka na usoro nke iweghachi na ịmegharị akụkụ nke ọhịa ma ọ bụ ọhịa ndị nwere ike ịdị adị ogologo oge gara aga ma e kpochapụrụ ọhịa ma ọ bụ wepụ ya n'oge ụfọdụ n'oge gara aga ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ya (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ahịhịa ndụ). Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji okwu a bụ "ịkwagharị ọhịa" iji mata ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpuchi mbụ nke ọhịa na mweghachi nke ọhịa na mpaghara. Ngwa pụrụ iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ. Ogwe osisi osisi, na-eji mee ka ịkụ osisi dị mfe na ngwa ngwa. Usoro ọzọ ọzọ, ịgbasa osisi, yiri ya ka enwere ike iji gbochie mmetụta ọjọọ gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi nke igbutu osisi site n'ịkwalite ọhịa dị adị nke na-emebi emebi ruo n'ikike ya zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Moomaw|first=William R.|date=2019|title=Intact Forests in the United States: Proforestation Mitigates Climate Change and Serves the Greatest Good|journal=Frontiers in Forests and Global Change|volume=2|doi=10.3389/ffgc.2019.00027|issn=2624-893X}}</ref> == Nkatọ == === Ịsọ mpi na iji ala eme ihe ndị ọzọ === Mweghari osisi na-asọ mpi n'iji ala ndị ọzọ eme ihe, dị ka mmepụta nri, ịta anụ ụlọ, na ebe obibi, maka mmepe akụ na ụba na-aga n'ihu. Ịkpụgharị ọhịa nwere ike ịdọpụ nnukwu mmiri site na ihe omume ndị ọzọ. Maapụ ụlọ ọrụ World Resources Institute na mmekorita ya na IUCN mebere na-akọwapụta hectare ijeri abụọ maka mweghachi oke ọhịa. A katọrọ ya maka itinye nde hectare 900 nke ala ahịhịa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bond|first=William J.|date=November 2019|title=The Trouble with Trees: Afforestation Plans for Africa|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534719302526|journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution|language=en|volume=34|issue=11|pages=963–965|doi=10.1016/j.tree.2019.08.003|pmid=31515117}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Dasgupta|first=Shreya|date=2021-06-01|title=Many Tree-Planting Campaigns Are Based on Flawed Science|url=https://science.thewire.in/environment/many-tree-planting-campaigns-are-based-on-flawed-science/|accessdate=2021-06-12|work=The Wire Science|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi === Ịkpụgharị ọhịa na-enwekarị ọchịchọ ịmepụta nnukwu ibu mmanụ ụgbọala, na-ebute ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ karịa ọkụ na-agụnye obere ahịhịa ma ọ bụ ahịhịa. Mbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ owuwe ihe ubi na nkwụsị ọkụ akpatala mmụba na biomass ọhịa dị na ọdịda anyanwụ United States n'ime narị afọ gara aga. Nke a na-ebute mmụba nke ihe dị ka ihe anọ n'ọku ọkụ n'ihi ogologo oge na oge ọkọchị.<ref name="Canadell"/> === Effects on biodiversity === Ịkpụgharị osisi mgbe ụfọdụ na-ebute oke oke okpu nke na-egbochi uto ahịhịa dị iche iche na mpaghara ndị nwere onyinyo na imepụta ọnọdụ ala nke na-egbochi ụdị ahịhịa ndị ọzọ. Osisi ndị a na-eji eme ihe na ụfọdụ mgbalị ịkụgharị ọhịa (dịka, Eucalyptus globulus) na-ewepụta oke mmiri na ala, na-egbochi uto nke osisi ndị ọzọ. European Commission chọpụtara na, n'ihe gbasara ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ ka mma ịzere igbutu osisi karịa ikwe ka igbutu osisi na-emesịa kpụgharịa ọhịa, n'ihi na nke mbụ na-eduga ná mmetụta ndị na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha n'ihe banyere ọnwụ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na mmebi ala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Press corner|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEMO_08_632|accessdate=28 September 2020|work=European Commission - European Commission|language=en}}</ref> Mmetụta mkpụgharị ọhịa na-enwe n'ụdị dị iche iche abụghị nanị na ụdị ahịhịa ndị ọzọ, ọ nwere ike imetụta ụdị ihe niile dị ndụ dị n'ime ihe ndị dị ugbu a. N'ihi nnukwu ọrụ osisi na-arụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta nke ọma ihe ndị dị ka gburugburu ebe obibi, ụzọ mmiri, na ụdị dị na mpaghara a na-akụgharị ọzọ. Nnyocha ndị gara aga na-enyere aka belata mbelata nke ụdị dị iche iche nke nwere ike igbochi nchọpụta ọgwụ, ma gbanwee mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ.<ref name="Cunningham 301–317">{{Cite journal|author=Cunningham|first=S. C.|date=2015-07-01|title=Balancing the environmental benefits of reforestation in agricultural regions|journal=Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics|language=en|volume=17|issue=4|pages=301–317|doi=10.1016/j.ppees.2015.06.001|issn=1433-8319}}</ref> === Akụrụngwa carbon === E nwekwara ihe ize ndụ na, site n'ọkụ ọhịa ma ọ bụ ntiwapụ ahụhụ, ọtụtụ n'ime carbon carbon echekwara na mpaghara osisi nwere ike ịlaghachi na ikuku. Ọzọkwa, ihe gbasara nke puru omume na a ga-ahapụ ikuku carbon sitere na ala dị elu n'ime oke ọhịa boreal. A pụrụ ịhụ ihe atụ nke a n’ala ndị dị n’ebe etiti Africa, bụ́ ndị na-ejupụta n’ụba carbon n’apịtị a na-akpọ peat. Dị ka ọkụ ọhịa ma ọ bụ ntiwapụ ahụhụ nke nwere ike imerụ oke ọhịa mmiri ozuzo, ego nwekwara ike ịhụ ihe mkpali imerụ ọhịa ma kwụọ ụgwọ iji chebe ya. Enwere ike iji ihe dị ihe dị ka isii lelịa ikuku apịtị apịtị Global griin haus kpatara site na mmebi nke oke ọhịa mmiri ozuzo. Na mgbakwunye, mmetụta nke mgbụsị akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ mkpụgharị ọhịa ga-adị ogologo n'ọdịniihu karịa nke ịkpa oke ọhịa. Ọ na-ewe ogologo oge - ọtụtụ iri afọ - maka uru maka okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ iji gosipụta otu uru ịghasa carbon sitere na osisi tozuru oke n'ime oke ọhịa yana site na ịmachi igbutu osisi. Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-ekwu na kama ịkụgharị ebe ọhụrụ, na-ejikọta ebe ndị dị n'oké ọhịa na iweghachite ọnụ ọnụ ọhịa, iji chebe isi ha tozuru okè ma mee ka ha nwekwuo ike na-adịte aka. == Hụkwa ==   == Ihe odide == 8gdgo5g7cuvkev4fo639soql3p8ewny 0 26835 692121 631690 2026-07-29T17:56:32Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Edensibia */ ce 692121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Guinness Ghana Breweries''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta mmanya na Ghana nke e guzobere n'afọ 1960. Ọ dị na Kaase Industrial Area na Kumasi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://gse.com.gh/listed-company/guinness-ghana-breweries-ltd/|title=Guinness Ghana Breweries Ltd.|work=Ghana Stock Exchange|date=7 November 2018|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-25|archivedate=2023-01-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129192703/https://gse.com.gh/listed-company/guinness-ghana-breweries-ltd/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Ghana Stock Exchange''. 7 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africa.businesschief.com/company/31/Guinness-Ghana-Breweries-Ltd|title=Guinness Ghana Breweries Ltd {{!}} African Business Chief|work=africa.businesschief.com|accessdate=2019-01-25|archivedate=2019-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125183144/https://africa.businesschief.com/company/31/Guinness-Ghana-Breweries-Ltd}}</ref> A na-edepụta Guinness Ghana Breweries na ndepụta ngwaahịa nke Ghana Stock Exchange, GSE All-Share Index.<ref name=":0"/> Na mmalite ya, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mepụtara naanị Guinness Foreign Extra Stout, nke a maara dị ka Guinness. Ebe nchekwa mbụ dị n'otu ebe yana ụlọ ahịa dị na mba ahụ karịsịa na ndịda. Na Accra, ha nọ na ụlọ mbụ nke Achimota Brewery Company na Achimota, [3] nke bụ n'ezie Tata Brewery Ltd nke onye ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama Ghana JK Siaw..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/telephone_directory/companydetails.php?CN=337906|title=Ghana Telephone Directory : Guinness Ghana Breweries Ltd., Accra|work=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2019-01-25}}</ref> == Akara == Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emepụta ngwaahịa ndị a:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diageo.com/en/our-business/where-we-operate/africa/guinness-ghana-breweries-plc/|title=Guinness Ghana Breweries PLC|work=Diageo|language=en-gb|accessdate=2019-01-25|archivedate=2019-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125183119/https://www.diageo.com/en/our-business/where-we-operate/africa/guinness-ghana-breweries-plc/}}</ref> * Malta Guinness * Star Beer * Osisi Orijin * Smirnoff * Alvaro * Gulder * Guinness * Odehye3 == Nkwado == N'abalị ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2022, ndị Ghana Football Association kwupụtara nkwado aha ha na Malta Guinness maka Ghana Women's Premier League nke ruru nde GH¢10 (gbanwee aha league ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ''Malta Guinness Women's Premiere League'') maka afọ atọ site na oge afọ 2022-23 gaa n'ihu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=5 August 2022|title=Malta Guinness unveils flagship sponsorship of Women's Premier League: GHc10million investment over the next 3 years|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/malta-guinness-unveils-flagship-sponsorship-of-ghana-womens-football-league-ghs10million-investment-over-the-next-3-years|accessdate=5 March 2023|work=Ghana FA|publisher=Ghana Football Association}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=5 August 2022|title=PHOTOS: Unveiling of Malta Guinness as headline Sponsor of Women's Premier League|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/photos-unveiling-of-malta-guinness-as-headline-sponsor-of-womens-premier-league|accessdate=5 March 2023|work=Ghana FA|publisher=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160407040211/http://www.africanselect.com/scripts/cgiip.wsc/tradeone/html/quote_and_news.r?pisharetype-id=12660 Guinness Ghana Breweries na African-select] * [http://www.alacrastore.com/company-snapshot/Guinness_Ghana_Breweries_Ltd-1098082 Guinness Ghana Breweries na Alacrastore] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180806043244/https://www.guinnessghana.com/ Guinness Ghana Breweries] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} kprgll1wpd24b1tka0igr3nv318walw 0 27022 692481 656711 2026-07-30T08:38:28Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Cocoa Processing Company|logo=|logo_size=200px|type=[[Public limited company]]|traded_as={{GSE|CPC}}|industry=[[Manufacturing]]|foundation={{start date and age|df=yes|1981|11|27}}|location_city=Cocoa Processing Company,<br /> Heavy Industrial Area, [[Tema]],<br /> [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]], [[Ghana]]|key_people=Jacob S. Arthur ([[Chairman]])<br /> Richard Amarh Tetteh [[Chief executive officer|(CEO)]]|products=[[Cocoa bean|Cocoa Beans]]|homepage=[http://www.goldentreeghana.com/ www.goldentreeghana.com]}} '''Cocoa Processing Company Limited''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ nhazi koko nke Ghana. A na-edepụta ha na ndepụta ngwaahịa nke Ghana Stock Exchange, GSE All-Share Index. E guzobere ya na 1981. == Ngwaahịa == * Ụdị chocolate (Tetteh Quarshie Bar (TQ Bar), Kingsbite, Oranco bar, Akuafo Bar, Portem Pride, Portem Nut, Coffeechoc) * Choco-Bake * Choco Delight (chokoleti gbasaa) * Akị na-acha odo odo e ji chocolate kpuchie * Royal Natural Cocoa Powder * Oge niile (''Ịṅụ chocolate ozugbo'') * Vitaco (''Ịṅụ chocolate ozugbo'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goldentreeghana.com/ourproducts.html|title=The Golden Tree Products|accessdate=15 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029144149/http://goldentreeghana.com/ourproducts.html|archivedate=29 October 2012}}</ref> Ngwaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye nturu ugo obodo na nke mba ụwa, si otú a na-akwado organoleptic àgwà ngwaahịa nri enyere ndị na-azụ ahịa. N'afọ 2002, egosiputala ngwaahịa itoolu nke ụlọ ọrụ na Nhọrọ World Quality, nke Monde Selection haziri. Asato n'ime ha (asaa akara chocolates na Alltime) enwetala ihe nrite ọla edo Award na otu n’ime ha (Vitaco) – onyinye nturu ugo ọla ọcha. == Hụkwa zie == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-emepụta chocolate == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.goldentreeghana.com/ Ebe obibi nke Cocoa Processing Company] * [http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/bir/517375 Ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta koko na Alacrastore] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040928082537/http://www.ghanaembassy.or.jp/business/cocoa.html Ụlọ ọrụ koko, na Ghana Embassy Japan] 42rc5c24lkxxwoxts0yvq6m1pa6u84q 0 27396 692119 689520 2026-07-29T17:54:06Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Felix E. Addo (amụrụ n'afọ 1955) bụ onye isi azụmaahịa Ghana na onye na-ahụ maka ego ọha na eze. Ọ bụ onye isi oche na-abụghị onye isi oche nke [[Ụlọ ọrụ mmanya Guinness Ghana|Guinness Ghana Breweries]], kemgbe 2018. Tupu ọ banye n'ọrụ a, Addo bụ onyeisi oche nke Ghana National Petroleum Corporation.<ref name=":Guinness">{{Cite news|title=Guinness appoints Felix Addo as Board Chair|date=21 October 2018|url=https://thebftonline.com/2018/business/companies/guinness-appoints-felix-addo-as-board-chair/|publisher=B&FT}}</ref> Addo bụbu onye isi mba maka PriceWaterhouseCoopers na [[Ghana]] na onye bụbu onye otu PwC Africa Governance Board. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Felix Addo gụrụ akwụkwọ na Accra Academy maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya site na 1968 ruo 1975. O nwetara nzere bachelọ na Business Administration (nhọrọ ndekọ ego) na Mahadum nke Ghana Business School wee gaa n'ihu gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Loyola College, Maryland na Masters na Professional Accounting.<ref name="FelixAddo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/artikel.php?ID=353247|title=PwC sets up GH¢100,000 endowment fund|publisher=ghanaweb.com|accessdate=5 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=1989 year group of Accra Aca rehabilitates dining hall of alma mater|work=The Ghanaian Times|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Felix Addo were ọrụ dị ka onye isi njikwa na Pricewaterhouse Ghana na 1995 wee sonye na Pricewater HouseCoopers (PwC) dị ka onye mmekọ na 1997 mgbe a haziri ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=PRESS NOTICE: REORGANISATION OF PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nh833mquo0EC&dq=felix+Addo&pg=PA21|work=The Daily Graphic|date=22 December 1997|author=Aryeh|first=Elvis D.}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye isi mba nke PwC na [[Ghana]] na Julaị 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pricewaterhouse Coopers, Africa Central Annual Review|url=https://www.pwc.com/ao/en/pdf/acannualreview.pdf|work=pwc.com|year=2009}}</ref> Ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ a nakwa dị ka onye otu PwC Africa na August 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senior country partner of PwC Ghana Felix Addo retires|url=https://www.modernghana.com/amp/news/624583/senior-country-partner-of-pwc-ghana-felix-addo-retires.html|work=modernghana.com|date=19 August 2015}}</ref> Addo rụrụ ọrụ na nkeonwe na Ashanti Goldfields Corporation nakwa na Ghana Commercial Bank n'oge ọ nọ na PwC. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ azụmahịa na Gọọmentị Ghana na nnweta nke ụlọ ọrụ Volta Aluminium.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Former PWC partner Felix Addo joins Stanchart board|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2015/August-18th/former-pwc-partner-felix-addo-joins-stanchart-board.php|publisher=myjoyonline.com|date=18 August 2018}}</ref> Addo bụ onye otu Kọmitii Mgbanwe Iwu Azụmaahịa nke Samuel Date-Bah bụ onye isi oche nke nyochara Iwu Ụlọ Ọrụ Ghana na Iwu Bodies Corporate (Official Liquidation) Act.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana gets new Companies Act after a long wait|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/ghana-news-ghana-gets-new-companies-act-after-a-long-wait.html|author=Emmanuel Bruce|date=7 May 2019|work=graphic.com.gh}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, a kpọrọ Addo onye otu ndụmọdụ onwe onye nke Kosmos Energy Ghana, nke bụ enyemaka nke Kosmos energy.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=KOSMOS GETS ADVISORY COUNCIL|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7foRJFBSNoC&dq=kosmos&pg=PA23|journal=Daily Graphic|date=September 8, 2014|issue=19558}}</ref> Site na Febụwarị 2016 ruo Jenụwarị 2017, Addo bụ onyeisi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ Ghana National Petroleum Corporation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Felix Addo named to keep Alex Mould in Check|url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/aem/businessmen/2016/02/23/felix-addo-named-to-keep-alex-mould-in-check,108131426-art|publisher=Africa Intelligence|date=23 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GNPC is broke-Board Chairman|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/GNPC-is-broke-Board-Chairman-441019#|work=ghanaweb.com|date=23 May 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, e mere ya onye nduzi nke KEK Insurance Brokers ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite news|title=KEK remembered after 10 years|url=https://www.facebook.com/OVAGlobal1/photos/the-legendary-kek-honoured-during-10years-anniversaryour-very-own-vmates-alhaji-/1526893590812326/|work=facebook.com/OVAGlobal1|accessdate=21 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=https://kekgroup.net/kek-insurance-brokers/our-team/board-of-directors/|work=kekgroup.net|accessdate=25 August 2021}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2018, ụlọ ọrụ fintech nke Ghana, Payswitch, kpọrọ Addo aha n'akụkụ [[Samuel Edson Jonah|Sam Jonah]], ruo na ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ anọ; na ndị isi abụọ dị ka ndị otu ndị ọzọ. Na Septemba 2018, Guinness Ghana họpụtara Addo dị ka onye isi oche na-abụghị onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref name=":Guinness"/> Tupu nke a, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi na-abụghị onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kemgbe Jenụwarị 2017. Ọ ghọrọ onye Ghana mbụ bụ onye isi oche nke Guinness Ghana's (GGBL) kemgbe njikọta nke Guinness Ghana Limited (GGL) na Ghana Brewery Limited (GBL) na 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|title=First Ghanaian appointed to Guinness Ghana Board Chair|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2018/October-24th/first-ghanaian-appointed-to-guinness-ghana-board-chair.php|publisher=myjoyonline.com|date=23 October 2018}}</ref> Addo jere ozi na bọọdụ nke Standard Chartered Bank Ghana site n'August 2015 ruo June 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Felix Addo joins Stanchart board|url=https://thebftonline.com/archive/more.php?ID=14973|publisher=B&FT|date=August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SCB RESIGNATION OF DIRECTOR|url=https://www.annualreportsghana.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/PR-216-SCB-Resignation-of-a-Director.pdf|work=annualreportsghana.com|accessdate=29 August 2021|archivedate=29 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829160451/https://www.annualreportsghana.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/PR-216-SCB-Resignation-of-a-Director.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Gọvanọ nke Bank of Ghana họpụtara ya dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na National Investment Bank iji duzie usoro nhazi.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bank of Ghana "outdoors" Felix Addo as NIB Advisor|date=26 January 2019|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/bank-of-ghana-outdoors-felix-addo-as-nib-advisor.html|publisher=graphic.com.gh}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2021, a họpụtara Addo ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Scancom PLC (MTN Ghana).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theghanareport.com/mtn-ghana-appoints-four-new-directors-as-two-step-down/|title=MTN Ghana Appoints four new directors as two step down|work=theghanareport.com|date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/mtn-ghana-appoints-4-onto-its-board/|title=MTN Ghana appoints 4 onto its board|work=myjoyonline.com|date=20 April 2021}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel 2021, a họpụtara Addo dị ka onye nchịkwa nke United Steel Company maka mmebi iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lebanese run United Steel Company owes 649 million Ghana cedis in unpaid taxes a|url=https://gna.org.gh/2021/04/lebanese-run-united-steel-company-owes-649-million-ghana-cedis-in-unpaid-taxes/|work=gna.org.gh|date=7 April 2021|author=GNA|accessdate=1 February 2023}}</ref> == Ihe omume ndị ọzọ == Addo bụ onye isi oche nke Ghana Association Restructuring and Insolvency Advisors (GARIA).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Governing Council President|date=19 June 2020|url=https://garia.org/governing-council/|publisher=GARIA}}</ref> Addo bụkwa Onye isi oche Emeritus nke AIESEC Ghana - otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru n'ụwa, nke ndị ntorobịa na-achịkwa. Addo bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na Ngalaba Accounting nke Mahadum Ghana. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Advisory Council nke Mahadum nke Ghana's College of Education.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Felix E. Addo Corporate Executive in Residence|url=http://ugbs.ug.edu.gh/mr-felix-e-addo-corporate-executive-residence-department-accounting|publisher=ugbs.edu.gh|accessdate=2023-06-11|archivedate=2019-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710071519/http://ugbs.ug.edu.gh/mr-felix-e-addo-corporate-executive-residence-department-accounting}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke Ghana-America Chamber of Commerce.<ref>{{Cite news|title=American Chamber of Commerce elects new President|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/american-chamber-of-commerce-elects-new-president.html|work=The Daily Graphic|date=8 September 2018}}</ref> == Ndị otu == Ọ bụ onye otu Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana; Institute of Chartering Accountants-Sierra Leone na American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Ghana Association of Restructuring and Insolvency Advisors.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Felix Addo appointed Advisor of the National Investment Bank|author=Yeboah, Isaac|date=26 June 2019|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/bank-of-ghana-outdoors-felix-addo-as-nib-advisor.html|publisher=The Daily Gtaphic}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=325346338&privcapId=13191916 Felix Addo] na ''Bloomberg'' * [https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/officer-profile/GGBL.GH/2808359 Felix Addo] na ''Reuters'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Addo, Felix.E}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bvdaqj5t0zacggtueaxjwc1le6us69y 692120 692119 2026-07-29T17:55:37Z SafariScribe 18560 Ce 692120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Felix E. Addo''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1955) bụ onye isi azụmaahịa Ghana na onye na-ahụ maka ego ọha na eze. Ọ bụ onye isi oche na-abụghị onye isi oche nke [[Ụlọ ọrụ mmanya Guinness Ghana|Guinness Ghana Breweries]], kemgbe 2018. Tupu ọ banye n'ọrụ a, Addo bụ onyeisi oche nke Ghana National Petroleum Corporation.<ref name=":Guinness">{{Cite news|title=Guinness appoints Felix Addo as Board Chair|date=21 October 2018|url=https://thebftonline.com/2018/business/companies/guinness-appoints-felix-addo-as-board-chair/|publisher=B&FT}}</ref> Addo bụbu onye isi mba maka PriceWaterhouseCoopers na [[Ghana]] na onye bụbu onye otu PwC Africa Governance Board. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Felix Addo gụrụ akwụkwọ na Accra Academy maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya site na 1968 ruo 1975. O nwetara nzere bachelọ na Business Administration (nhọrọ ndekọ ego) na Mahadum nke Ghana Business School wee gaa n'ihu gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Loyola College, Maryland na Masters na Professional Accounting.<ref name="FelixAddo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/artikel.php?ID=353247|title=PwC sets up GH¢100,000 endowment fund|publisher=ghanaweb.com|accessdate=5 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=1989 year group of Accra Aca rehabilitates dining hall of alma mater|work=The Ghanaian Times|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Felix Addo were ọrụ dị ka onye isi njikwa na Pricewaterhouse Ghana na 1995 wee sonye na Pricewater HouseCoopers (PwC) dị ka onye mmekọ na 1997 mgbe a haziri ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=PRESS NOTICE: REORGANISATION OF PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nh833mquo0EC&dq=felix+Addo&pg=PA21|work=The Daily Graphic|date=22 December 1997|author=Aryeh|first=Elvis D.}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye isi mba nke PwC na [[Ghana]] na Julaị 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pricewaterhouse Coopers, Africa Central Annual Review|url=https://www.pwc.com/ao/en/pdf/acannualreview.pdf|work=pwc.com|year=2009}}</ref> Ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ a nakwa dị ka onye otu PwC Africa na August 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senior country partner of PwC Ghana Felix Addo retires|url=https://www.modernghana.com/amp/news/624583/senior-country-partner-of-pwc-ghana-felix-addo-retires.html|work=modernghana.com|date=19 August 2015}}</ref> Addo rụrụ ọrụ na nkeonwe na Ashanti Goldfields Corporation nakwa na Ghana Commercial Bank n'oge ọ nọ na PwC. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ azụmahịa na Gọọmentị Ghana na nnweta nke ụlọ ọrụ Volta Aluminium.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Former PWC partner Felix Addo joins Stanchart board|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2015/August-18th/former-pwc-partner-felix-addo-joins-stanchart-board.php|publisher=myjoyonline.com|date=18 August 2018}}</ref> Addo bụ onye otu Kọmitii Mgbanwe Iwu Azụmaahịa nke Samuel Date-Bah bụ onye isi oche nke nyochara Iwu Ụlọ Ọrụ Ghana na Iwu Bodies Corporate (Official Liquidation) Act.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana gets new Companies Act after a long wait|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/ghana-news-ghana-gets-new-companies-act-after-a-long-wait.html|author=Emmanuel Bruce|date=7 May 2019|work=graphic.com.gh}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, a kpọrọ Addo onye otu ndụmọdụ onwe onye nke Kosmos Energy Ghana, nke bụ enyemaka nke Kosmos energy.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=KOSMOS GETS ADVISORY COUNCIL|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7foRJFBSNoC&dq=kosmos&pg=PA23|journal=Daily Graphic|date=September 8, 2014|issue=19558}}</ref> Site na Febụwarị 2016 ruo Jenụwarị 2017, Addo bụ onyeisi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ Ghana National Petroleum Corporation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Felix Addo named to keep Alex Mould in Check|url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/aem/businessmen/2016/02/23/felix-addo-named-to-keep-alex-mould-in-check,108131426-art|publisher=Africa Intelligence|date=23 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GNPC is broke-Board Chairman|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/GNPC-is-broke-Board-Chairman-441019#|work=ghanaweb.com|date=23 May 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, e mere ya onye nduzi nke KEK Insurance Brokers ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite news|title=KEK remembered after 10 years|url=https://www.facebook.com/OVAGlobal1/photos/the-legendary-kek-honoured-during-10years-anniversaryour-very-own-vmates-alhaji-/1526893590812326/|work=facebook.com/OVAGlobal1|accessdate=21 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=https://kekgroup.net/kek-insurance-brokers/our-team/board-of-directors/|work=kekgroup.net|accessdate=25 August 2021}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2018, ụlọ ọrụ fintech nke Ghana, Payswitch, kpọrọ Addo aha n'akụkụ [[Samuel Edson Jonah|Sam Jonah]], ruo na ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ anọ; na ndị isi abụọ dị ka ndị otu ndị ọzọ. Na Septemba 2018, Guinness Ghana họpụtara Addo dị ka onye isi oche na-abụghị onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref name=":Guinness"/> Tupu nke a, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi na-abụghị onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kemgbe Jenụwarị 2017. Ọ ghọrọ onye Ghana mbụ bụ onye isi oche nke Guinness Ghana's (GGBL) kemgbe njikọta nke Guinness Ghana Limited (GGL) na Ghana Brewery Limited (GBL) na 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|title=First Ghanaian appointed to Guinness Ghana Board Chair|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2018/October-24th/first-ghanaian-appointed-to-guinness-ghana-board-chair.php|publisher=myjoyonline.com|date=23 October 2018}}</ref> Addo jere ozi na bọọdụ nke Standard Chartered Bank Ghana site n'August 2015 ruo June 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Felix Addo joins Stanchart board|url=https://thebftonline.com/archive/more.php?ID=14973|publisher=B&FT|date=August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SCB RESIGNATION OF DIRECTOR|url=https://www.annualreportsghana.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/PR-216-SCB-Resignation-of-a-Director.pdf|work=annualreportsghana.com|accessdate=29 August 2021|archivedate=29 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829160451/https://www.annualreportsghana.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/PR-216-SCB-Resignation-of-a-Director.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Gọvanọ nke Bank of Ghana họpụtara ya dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na National Investment Bank iji duzie usoro nhazi.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bank of Ghana "outdoors" Felix Addo as NIB Advisor|date=26 January 2019|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/bank-of-ghana-outdoors-felix-addo-as-nib-advisor.html|publisher=graphic.com.gh}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2021, a họpụtara Addo ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Scancom PLC (MTN Ghana).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theghanareport.com/mtn-ghana-appoints-four-new-directors-as-two-step-down/|title=MTN Ghana Appoints four new directors as two step down|work=theghanareport.com|date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/mtn-ghana-appoints-4-onto-its-board/|title=MTN Ghana appoints 4 onto its board|work=myjoyonline.com|date=20 April 2021}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel 2021, a họpụtara Addo dị ka onye nchịkwa nke United Steel Company maka mmebi iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lebanese run United Steel Company owes 649 million Ghana cedis in unpaid taxes a|url=https://gna.org.gh/2021/04/lebanese-run-united-steel-company-owes-649-million-ghana-cedis-in-unpaid-taxes/|work=gna.org.gh|date=7 April 2021|author=GNA|accessdate=1 February 2023}}</ref> == Ihe omume ndị ọzọ == Addo bụ onye isi oche nke Ghana Association Restructuring and Insolvency Advisors (GARIA).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Governing Council President|date=19 June 2020|url=https://garia.org/governing-council/|publisher=GARIA}}</ref> Addo bụkwa Onye isi oche Emeritus nke AIESEC Ghana - otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru n'ụwa, nke ndị ntorobịa na-achịkwa. Addo bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na Ngalaba Accounting nke Mahadum Ghana. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Advisory Council nke Mahadum nke Ghana's College of Education.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Felix E. Addo Corporate Executive in Residence|url=http://ugbs.ug.edu.gh/mr-felix-e-addo-corporate-executive-residence-department-accounting|publisher=ugbs.edu.gh|accessdate=2023-06-11|archivedate=2019-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710071519/http://ugbs.ug.edu.gh/mr-felix-e-addo-corporate-executive-residence-department-accounting}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke Ghana-America Chamber of Commerce.<ref>{{Cite news|title=American Chamber of Commerce elects new President|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/american-chamber-of-commerce-elects-new-president.html|work=The Daily Graphic|date=8 September 2018}}</ref> == Ndị otu == Ọ bụ onye otu Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana; Institute of Chartering Accountants-Sierra Leone na American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Ghana Association of Restructuring and Insolvency Advisors.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Felix Addo appointed Advisor of the National Investment Bank|author=Yeboah, Isaac|date=26 June 2019|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/bank-of-ghana-outdoors-felix-addo-as-nib-advisor.html|publisher=The Daily Gtaphic}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=325346338&privcapId=13191916 Felix Addo] na ''Bloomberg'' * [https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/officer-profile/GGBL.GH/2808359 Felix Addo] na ''Reuters'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Addo, Felix.E}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] i1ypka9ugxacxk6hmsvjk3x207ly7e4 0 27730 692288 114607 2026-07-29T18:27:11Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox journal|cover=|image_size=180px|former_name=East Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology|editor=Andrew G. Wildsmith|discipline=|abbreviation=Afr. J. Evang. Theol.|publisher=[[Scott Christian University]]|country=[[Kenya]]|history=1982-present|frequency=Biannually|website=|link1=|link1-name=|ISSN=1026-2946|LCCN=|OCLC=22748210}} The '''''Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology''''' bụ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ nke Mahadum Scott Christian bipụtara na Kenya. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka isi nzukọ maka ntụgharị uche nke ozioma na nkà mmụta okpukpe Africa.<ref>W.. Bowers, "[https://books.google.com/books?id=yu846j61u0wC&pg=PA33 African Theology]," in ''[[Evangelical Dictionary of Theology]]'' ([[Baker Academic]], 2001), p. 33.</ref> E bipụtara AJET na 1982 dị ka ''East Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology'' . Ọ nakweere aha ya ugbu a na 1990. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website twbe1mjhx13lsyphxa11nohvby3uj1e 0 27922 692603 137732 2026-07-30T11:33:49Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Flore Maltine Ramarozatovo''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba Madagascar. Onye otu nzukọ Omeiwu mba Madagascar, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Tiako I Madagasikara; ọ na-anọchite anya mpaghara [[Soavinandriano]]. == Ihe odide == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramarozatovo, Flore Meltine}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tfj8a9aftcezyux6u67s2qyk92fso3z 0 28043 692333 688350 2026-07-29T19:44:50Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692333 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[Faịlụ:Primus_International_Superspeciality_Hospital.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Abuja, isi obodo Naịjirịa]] Na Naịjirịa, e nweela ọganihu dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite ahụike kemgbe afọ 1950. Otú ọ dị, ọrịa ndị na-emetụta akpa ume (lower respiratory infections), ọrịa ụmụaka ọhụrụ amụrụ amụ (neonatal disorders), na nje HIV/AIDS ka na-anọgide dịka ihe ndị kachasị ebute ọnwụ n'obodo ahụ. Ọrịa ndị dịka kịtịka enwe (monkeypox), polio, ịba (malaria), na ụkwara nta (tuberculosis) egosila mgbanwe dị mma n'ihi usoro ntinye aka dị iche iche. Ihe ndị ọzọ kachasị echegbu ahụike gụnyere erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ (malnutrition), lulu/mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi (pollution), na ihe mberede okporo ụzọ. N'afọ 2020, Naịjirịa nwetara ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ndị bu ọrịa COVID-19 n'Afrịka niile. Nzukọ "Human Rights Measurement Initiative" (HRMI) na-eme atụmatụ na Naịjirịa na-emezu naanị pacenti iri anọ na asatọ n'isi abụọ (48.2%) nke ọrụ a tụrụ anya n'aka ya maka ikike ahụike, dabere na ego ọ na-enweta n'ozuzu ya. Maka ahụike ụmụaka, Naịjirịa na-emezu pacenti iri isi na isii n'isi isi (66.6%) nke ihe a tụrụ anya ya, ebe maka ndị okenye, ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ bụ pacenti iri isi na otu n'isi asaa (61.7%). Arụmọrụ n'ahụike gbasara ịmụ nwa na mmepụta (reproductive health) dị nnọọ ala, nke ruru naanị pacenti iri na isii n'isi atọ (16.3%) nke ọkwa a tụrụ anya ya. == Atụmanya ndụ na ọnụọgụ ọnwụ ndị na-erubeghị afọ ise == Atụmatụ ndụ mmadụ mgbe a mụrụ ya (life expectancy at birth) na Naịjirịa ruru elu site n'afọ iri anọ na itoolu n'isi anọ (49.4) n'afọ 2007 gaa n'ihe dịka afọ iri ise na anọ (54) n'afọ 2017. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise (U5MR) n'ime puku mụrụ dị ndụ ọ bụla (per 1,000 live births) belatara site na otu narị na iri anọ na ise n'isi asaa (145.7) n'afọ 2007 gaa na otu narị n'isi abụọ (100.2) n'afọ 2017. E jiri ya tụnyere obodo ndị ọzọ na nkezi zuru ụwa ọnụ, ihe ngosi ahụike nke Naịjirịa ka dị nnọọ ala. [[Faịlụ:Life_expectancy_development_in_Nigeria.svg|thumb|Atụmatụ ndụ mmadụ mgbe a mụrụ ya na Naịjirịa]] '''Ihe iri kacha akpata ọnwụ na Naịjirịa (2007-2017) ''' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ihe iri kacha akpata ọnwụ na Naịjirịa ! ! ! ! |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |} [[Faịlụ:Under-5_child_mortality_rate_(1964_-_2017)_and_life_expectancy_at_birth_(1960_-_2017)_in_Nigeria.jpg|Under-5 child mortality rate (1964–2017) and life expectancy at birth (1960–2017) in Nigeria]] Isi Iyi: Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise (n'ime puku mụrụ dị ndụ ọ bụla) na Atụmatụ ndụ mmadụ mgbe a mụrụ ya (afọ). Atụmatụ ndị a bụ nke nzukọ "UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation" (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) wepụtara. Ntụle nke ihe ngosi ahụike na Naịjirịa na mba ma ọ bụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ e ji atụnyere ya {| class="wikitable" |+Ntụnyere nke ihe ngosi ahụike !Mba/Ógbè !Ogologo ndụ a tụrụ anya ya mgbe a mụrụ ya (2007) !Ogologo ndụ a na-atụ anya ya mgbe a mụrụ ya (2017) !U5MR (2007) !U5MR (2017) !Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị e mere atụmatụ (2018) |- |Naịjirịa |49 |54 |146 |100 |Nde 195+ |- !Mba ndị a na-ezo aka |Ghana |60 |63 |82 |49 |Nde 29+ |- |Malawi |53 |64 |103 |55 |Nde 18+ |- |Rwanda |59 |67 |88 |38 |Nde 13+ |- |Sudan |61 |67 |84 |63 |Nde iri anọ na otu |- |Norway |80 |83 |4 |3 |Nde 5+ |- |United States |78 |79 |8 |7 |Nde 327+ |- |China |75 |76 |20 |9 |1.393 ijeri |- |Australia |81 |82 |5 |4 |Nde 24 |- !Mpaghara na ụwa |Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia na Pacific |74 |76 |26 |16 |ijeri 2.328 |- |Europe na Central Asia |75 |78 |15 |9 |Nde 918+ |- |Latin America na Caribbean |73 |76 |24 |18 |Nde 641+ |- |Middle East na North Africa |72 |74 |31 |23 |Nde 448+ |- |Ndịda Eshia |66 |69 |71 |45 |1.814 ijeri |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |55 |61 |116 |76 |1.078 ijeri |- |Ụwa |70 |72 |58 |39 |7.594 ijeri |} Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nne na-anwụ na Naịjirịa karịrị 800 n'ime 100,000 a mụrụ dị ndụ.<ref name="MH">{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Maternal health in Nigeria: generating information for action|url=http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/maternal-health-nigeria/en/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=WHO}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, e dekọrọ ọnụọgụ ọnwụ 560 maka 100,000 ọmụmụ dị ndụ, nke dịtụ elu karịa ọnwụ 516 maka 100,000 ọmụmụ na 1980. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$state$time$value=2013;&marker$select@$country=nga&trailStartTime=1980;;&axis_x$which=time&domainMin:null&domainMax:null&zoomedMin:null&zoomedMax:null&scaleType=time&spaceRef:null;&axis_y$which=maternal_mortality_ratio_per_100000_live_births&domainMin:null&domainMax:null&zoomedMin:null&zoomedMax:null&scaleType=genericLog&spaceRef:null;;;&chart-type=bubbles|title=Maternal mortality|accessdate=2019-09-21}}</ref> Ihe ndị na-enye aka gụnyere akụrụngwa nlekọta ahụike ezughi oke, ohere dị nta maka ọrụ ahụike dị mma, <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2011|title=The Nigerian health care system: Need for integrating adequate medical intelligence and surveillance systems|journal=Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences|language=en|volume=3|issue=4|pages=470–8|doi=10.4103/0975-7406.90100|issn=0975-7406|pmid=22219580|author=Welcome|first=Menizibeyaosain}}</ref> nsogbu na-edozi ahụ nke metụtara ịda ogbenye, nchụpụ n'ihi nnupụisi Boko Haram, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-49154953/boko-haram-a-decade-of-terror-explained|title=Boko Haram: A decade of terror explained|work=BBC News|date=2019-07-30}}</ref> ite ime na-adịghị mma, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dspace.unijos.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/1443|title=Health Challenges in the Present Democratic Era in Nigeria: The Place of Technology|accessdate=2019-09-14|archivedate=24 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824150845/https://dspace.unijos.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/1443}}</ref> na omume ọdịnala na-emerụ ahụ dị ka igbu akụkụ ahụ nwanyị. Na Naịjirịa, ohere nwere ike iduga n'ọnwụ nne dị ime n'oge ndụ ya niile bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nanyị iri abụọ na abụọ (1 n'ime 22). Obodo a nwere iwu siri ike machibidoro isikwatu ime, nke na-amachibido ohere ịnweta usoro nchekwa ma na-abawanye ihe ize ndụ ndị metụtara isikwatu ime n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma. Nchọpụta e mere n'afọ 2019 rụtụrụ aka n'enweghị nka zuru ezu n'ilekọta ndị ime na-enye nsogbu na mberede (emergency obstetric care) n'etiti ndị na-enye ọrụ ahụike. E nwekwara nnukwu ọdịiche n'etiti mpaghara dị iche iche, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ nke ndị nne dị ime na-ebelata na mpaghara ndịda Naịjirịa mana ọ ka dị elu na mpaghara ugwu n'ihi ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ dị ala nakwa enweghị ohere zuru ezu iji nweta ọrụ ahụike. Ọnwụ ndị nne (maternal mortality) na-enwe mmetụta siri ike na mmepe akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya (socioeconomic development) na Naịjirịa. Ebumnobi nke Atọ nke Mmepe Na-adigide (Sustainable Development Goal 3, target 1) na-achọ ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ ndị nne ka ọ daa n'okpuru iri asa (70) n'ime puku narị mụrụ dị ndụ ọ bụla (100,000 live births) tupu afọ 2030 eruo. Iji nweta ebumnobi a, ọ dị mkpa ka e nwee mkpọsa mmata (awareness campaigns), nlekọta ahụike ka mma, nakwa mkpebi siri ike na nkọwa ọrụ n'aka gọọmentị na ndị isi obodo.{{Reflist}}  Nnweta mmiri dị mma n'Ebe Ndị Na-emepe Emepere na Naịjirịa rịrị elu site na 47% n'afọ 1990 ruo 54% n'afọ 2010. Nnweta nke ndị bi n'obodo mepere emepe, nke rịdataworo site na 80% ruo 65% n'afọ 2006, gakekwara rụọ 74% ka ọ na-erule afọ 2010.[1] Akụrụngwa nlekọta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ka na-adịghị mma. Imirikiti ezinụlọ na-adabere na mposi olulu (septic tanks) ebe ọ bụ na usoro nsị na mmiri ruru unyi nke etiti kpaara ókè na Abuja nakwa akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Lagos.[1] Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2006 gosiri na ọ bụ naanị 1% nke ezinụlọ ndị dị na Lagos jikọtara na usoro nsị na mmiri ruru unyi a.[2] N'afọ 2016, mmiri na-adịghị mma, nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị mma, na ejighị ịdị ọcha kpọrọ ihe kpatara ọnwụ mmadụ 68.6 n'ime mmadụ 100,000 ọ bụla.[3] == Ọrịa == === Nje HIV na Ọrịa AIDS === Nnyocha Ihe Ngosipụta na Mmetụta HIV/AIDS nke Naịjirịa nke afọ 2018 gosiri na ọnụọgụ ndị bu nje HIV n'obodo ahụ n'etiti ndị okenye gbara afọ 15 ruo 49 bụ 1.4%.[1] Ọnụọgụ a dị iche iche nke ukwuu n'ofe mpaghara na steeti dị iche iche. Steeti Akwa Ibom nwere ọnụọgụ kacha elu nke ruru 5.6%, steeti Benue esote ya (4.9%), tupu steeti Rivers esote ha (3.8%).[2] N'aka nke ọzọ, steeti Jigawa na steeti Katsina nwere ọnụọgụ kacha ala nke ruru 0.3%.[3] Ọrịa gbasara emume a na-agbasa kacha site na mmebi iwu na omume ndị dị ize ndụ dị ka inwe ọtụtụ ndị enyi nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ, amaghị ihe ize ndụ dị na ya, enweghị ohere zuru oke maka nlekọta ahụike,[1] na ụfọdụ ihe metụtara ọnọdụ akụnaụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, gụnyere ịgbagharị ahịa n'akụkụ ebe ndị agha na ndị uwe ojii na-enyocha ihe.[2] Ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata ya gụnyere ịgba akwụna, ọnụọgụ dị elu nke ọrịa na-efe efe site na mmekọahụ, omume mmekọahụ nzuzo dị ize ndụ, na azụmahịa ịzụ ma ọ bụ ire mmadụ.[3] Ụmụ agbọghọ kacha nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ ma e jiri ha tụnyere ụmụ okorobịa.[3] === Ịba === Ịba, nke bụ ọrịa anwụnta na-ebute, ka na-asọ mpi dị ka otu n'ime ihe kacha ebute ọrịa na ọnwụ na Naịjirịa. Ọ dika mbelata dị nwayọ n'itunye nje na ọnwụ kemgbe afọ 2007,[1] mana ọ ka bụ ihe kacha ebute ọnwụ n'obodo ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2012, ọnụọgụ mgbasa nke ịba bụ 11%.[2] Atụmatụ Mgbochi Ịba nke Onye Isiala (President's Malaria Initiative) kọwara Naịjirịa dị ka obodo nwere ibu arọ dị elu nke ọrịa a.[3] Usoro Nchịkwa Ịba nke Mba (National Malaria Control Program) nakweere isiokwu mkpọsa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke bụ, 'Kwụsị Ịba Maka Ndụ Nke Ọma.'[4] N'afọ 2017, ịba rịgooro dị ka ihe nke anọ kacha ebute ọnwụ na Naịjirịa, ebe ọnụọgụ ọnwụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise na ọnụọgụ ọnwụ ụmụaka ọhụrụ mụrụ bụ 103.2 na 62.6 n'ime ụmụaka 1,000 ọ bụla a mụrụ ná ndụ, n'otu n'otu.[1] Mgbasa ọrịa a dị elu ka na-aga n'ihu na steeti dị iche iche, nke nsogbu ndị dị ka isi ike ọgwụ na ọgwụ anwụnta (anwụnta adaghị n'ọgwụ) nakwa ụgwọ akụnaụba dị elu nke mbọ a na-agba iji kpochapụ ya na-agbakwunye.[2] Nchịkwa anwụnta dị mma, nchọpụta ziri ezi, na ọgwụgwọ ziri ezi dị mkpa maka ịlụso ọrịa a ọgụ. Nduzi siri ike, ime ihe n'eguzogosị kwụ ọtọ, na ajụjụ na azịza (aza ajụjụ maka omume mmadụ) n'ọkwa gọọmentị niile dị mkpa iji hụ na e nwere ihe bose n'ịgbalị ịchịkwa na ikpochapụ ịba.[2 === Ọrịa na-enye obodo nọrọ === N'afọ 1985, ntiwapụ nke ọrịa ịba mpanaka (yellow fever) na Naịjirịa kpatara ọnwụ nke ihe karịrị mmadụ 1,000. Ọrịa a gbasara gburugburu ebe ahụ rụọ afọ ise, ma kpatakwuo ọnwụ ndị ọzọ. Ọgwụ mgbochi ịba mpanaka adịla kemgbe afọ ndị 1930.[1] Ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-enye obodo nọrọ (endemic) na Naịjirịa gụnyere ịba (malaria), ogbu na-acha n'anya ụdị A (hepatitis A), ogbu na-acha n'anya ụdị B (hepatitis B), taịfọdụ (typhoid), emume akpụkpọ ụbụrụ (meningitis), na ahụ ọkụ Lassa (Lassa fever).[2][3] Na gazi, a na-adụkarị ndị na-eme njem na-abịa Naịjirịa ọdụ ka ha nweta ọgwụ mgbochi na ọgwụ dị iche iche iji chebe onwe ha pụọ n'ọrịa ndị a.[2] === Ịba Enwe === Mpox, nke a na-akpọkwa ịba enwe (monkeypox), bụ ọrịa na-agbakarị n'etiti anụmanụ nke na-esi n'ahụ anụmanụ na-efe gaa n'ahụ mmadụ. Ọ pụkwara isi n'ahụ onye nwere ọrịa ahụ gaa n'ahụ mmadụ ọzọ. Mpox na-efe mgbe e nwere mmekọrịta ma ọ bụ mmetụ aka n'etiti anụmanụ ma ọ bụ mmadụ nwere ọrịa ahụ, ma ọ bụ site n'ihe unyi ruru rịa ọrịa metụrụ aka. Mpox nwere ọgwụgwọ doro anya dị iche maka ya. Anyị nwere ike igbochi ya naanị site na mchacha aka anyị oge niile site n'ịsa ya ma hụ na anyị siri anụmanụ ọ bụla anyị chọrọ iri nke ọma ka ọ gbaa ọkụ. A chọpụtara ọrịa a na mbụ n'afọ 1971 na Naịjirịa ebe a hụrụ mmadụ abụọ rịara ya.[1][2] === Kofidi-biri-itolu === Nzaghachi Naịjirịa banyere ntiwapụ ọrịa COVID-19 gụnyere usoro dị iche iche e mere iji chịkwaa mgbasa nke nje ahụ, gụnyere iwu mmachibido iwu ịpụ n'èzí (lockdown), mmachibido iwu njem, na ịbawanye nnyocha ọbara. Gọọmentị sozi ndị otu mba ụwa rụọ ọrụ dị ka Òtù Ahụike Ụwa (WHO) na Njikọ Afrịka (African Union) iji nweta ọgwụ mgbochi. N'agbanyeghị mbọ ndị a rụpụtara, Naịjirịa chere ihe isi ike ihu n'ihe gbasara nkesa ọgwụ mgbochi na akụrụngwa ahụike ọha. Ntiwapụ ọrịa a mekwara ka nsogbu ahụike dịbu adị ka njọ, nke mere ka ihe onwunwe obodo ahụ nke pọrọ nku na mbụ hụkwuo ahụhụ.[1] [[Faịlụ:Elephantiasis.jpg|thumb|Ọrịa Elephantiasis]] Ọrịa ndị a na-asọ oge n'mpaghara okpomọkụ nke a na-eleghara anya (Neglected tropical diseases) bụ òtù ọrịa dị iche iche na-efe efe nke nje gasị dị iche iche na-akpata, gụnyere vaịros (viruses), baktiria (bacteria), katsiri (parasites), fọngas (fungi), na ihe ndị na-egbu egbu (toxins).[1][2][3] Ọrịa ndị a na-akachasị emesi ndị obodo ogbenye gburugburu ike, ọkachasị n'mpaghara okpomọkụ na gburugburu ya. Na Naịjirịa, ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya bụ nnukwu nchegbu n'ahụike ọha na eze n'ihi otú ha siri gbasazie n'ọtụtụ ebe nakwa mmetụta ha n'akụnaụba na mmekọrịta ọha. Naịjirịa nwere otu n'ime ibu arọ kachasị elu nke ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya n'[[Afrịka]]. Ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi, ịda ogbenye, akụrụngwa ahụike ezughi oke, na ịdabere n'ọrụ ugbo na-emetụta ọrịa ndị a na mba ahụ. Ọtụtụ ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya na Naịjirịa bụ ndị na-ebute ọrịa, nwere ebe nchekwa anụmanụ, ma gosipụta usoro ndụ dị mgbagwoju anya, nke na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka maka itinye aka na ahụike ọha.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ochola|first=Elizabeth A.|date=February 2021|title=The impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) on health and wellbeing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A case study of Kenya|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=15|issue=2|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009131|pmid=33571200}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria—Integrated Approach to Neglected Tropical Diseases (UNITED) · DAI: International Development|url=https://www.dai.com/our-work/projects/nigeria-integrated-approach-to-neglected-tropical-diseases-united|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.dai.com|language=en-us}}</ref> * Lymphatic filariasis: A makwaara dị ka elephantiasis, bụ ọrịa parasitic nke ikpuru dịka ''Wuchereria bancrofti'', ''Brugia Malay'', na ''Brugia timori'' kpatara. A na-ebute ya site na ịta anwụnta site na ụdị dị ka ''Anopheles, Culex, Aedes,'' na ''Mansonia''. Ọrịa ahụ na-emetụta usoro lymphatic, na-eduga na ọzịza siri ike (lymphedema) na aka, akụkụ ahụ, na ara. Ka oge na-aga, akpụkpọ ahụ na-esiwanye ike, ebe ndị ahụ na-emetụta na-afụ ụfụ, na-eme ka ọ sie ike ịkwagharị. Ọrịa a nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nsogbu, gụnyere nkwarụ, ọrịa nke abụọ, na nsogbu uche. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arịa ọrịa lymphatic filariasis na-eche ihere mmekọrịta ihu n'ihi ọdịdị ha, nke nwere ike imetụta ahụike uche ha na ogo ndụ ha. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ọnọdụ ahụ na-egbochi ịgagharị na ọrụ kwa ụbọchị, na-enye aka na nhụjuanya anụ ahụ na nke mmetụta uche ogologo oge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lymphatic filariasis|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lymphatic-filariasis|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis)|url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/lymphatic-filariasis|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> * [[Isianyaọcha|Onchocerciasis]], nke a maara nke ọma dị ka ìsì osimiri, sitere na ''Onchocerca volvulus'', ikpuru parasitic nke a na-ebute site na ịta nke blackflies na-arịa ọrịa (Ụdị <nowiki><i id="mwAgI">Simulium</i></nowiki>). Nnụnụ ojii ndị a na-amụ nwa n'osimiri ndị na-asọ ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka obodo ndị dị nso n'ebe ndị dị otú ahụ bụrụ ndị na-adịghị ike. Ozugbo ha banyere n'ime ahụ mmadụ, ikpuru na-emepụta microfilariae, nke na-agafe akpụkpọ ahụ na anya, na-eduga na nsogbu ahụike siri ike. Mgbaàmà nke onchocerciasis gụnyere ịta ezigbo ụta, akpụkpọ ahụ, na depigmentation, nke a na-akpọkarị "akpụkpọ agụ owuru. " Ndị butere ọrịa nwekwara ike ịmepụta nodules n'okpuru akpụkpọ ahụ ebe ikpuru toro eto bi. Ka oge na-aga, ọrịa ahụ nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu ịhụ ụzọ, n'ikpeazụ na-eduga na ìsì a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe. E wezụga nhụjuanya anụ ahụ, ọrịa ahụ na-akpata ibu arọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, ebe ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịlụ ọgụ na ọrụ kwa ụbọchị. Mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke onchocerciasis na-agụnye nlekọta nke ivermectin, nke na-egbu microfilariae ma na-enyere aka ịchịkwa ọganihu nke ọrịa ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, mgbalị iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ blackfly site na usoro nchịkwa vector, dị ka ịgbasa ọgwụ ahụhụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ibelata nnyefe. Ọgwụgwọ na-aga n'ihu na usoro mgbochi dị mkpa iji belata mmetụta nke ọrịa a na-emebi emebi, ọkachasị na mpaghara ndị na-efe efe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Onchocerciasis (river blindness)|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/onchocerciasis|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Onchocerciasis (river blindness)|url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/onchocerciasis#tab=tab_1|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> * Schistosomiasis, nke a makwaara dị ka [[Skistosomiasis|Bilharzia]], bụ ọrịa parasitic nke ụdị dị iche iche nke ''Schistosoma'' kpatara, gụnyere ''S. mansoni'', ''S. haematobium'', na ''S. japonicum''. Ọrịa a na-eme mgbe ndị mmadụ na-emetụta mmiri dị ọcha nke snails na-arịa ọrịa na-emetọ nke na-ewepụta igurube parasitic. Ozugbo ha nọ n'ime ahụ, nje ndị ahụ na-etolite ma na-akwaga n'akụkụ dị iche iche, na-eduga na mgbaàmà dịka ọbara na mamịrị (urine schistosomiasis), [[afọ ọsịsa]], mmerụ ahụ imeju, na n'ọnọdụ siri ike, nkụchi akụrụ. Ọ bụrụ na a gwọọ ya, schistosomiasis nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nsogbu, gụnyere ọrịa kansa ụkwara, Fibrosis imeju, ụkọ ọbara, na nkwụsị uto n'ime ụmụaka. Igbochi schistosomiasis na-agụnye izere mmetụ na isi iyi mmiri na-emetọ emetọ na itinye usoro nchịkwa snail iji belata mgbasa nke ọrịa. Mass drug administration na praziquantel bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ dị irè iji kpochapụ nje ma gbochie nsogbu ogologo oge. Mgbalị ahụike ọha na eze na-elekwasị anya n'imeziwanye mmiri dị ọcha, ịkụziri obodo ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, na ịkwalite nchọpụta na ọgwụgwọ n'oge iji belata mmetụta nke ọrịa ahụ. Site na usoro mgbochi na usoro ọgwụgwọ na-aga n'ihu, enwere ike ịchịkwa schistosomiasis nke ọma ma belata ibu arọ ya nke ukwuu. [[Faịlụ:Ascaris_infection_in_X-ray_image-_Pica,_the_practice_of_eating_soil_(South_Africa)_(16424840111).jpg|thumb|Ọrịa Ascaris na foto X-ray- Pica, omume iri ala (South Africa) (16424840111) ]] * Helminths na-ebute n'ala, gụnyere roundworms (''Ascaris lumbricoides''), hookworms (''Necator americanus'', ''Ancylostoma duodenal''), na [[Trichuris trichiura|Trichuris trichiura">whipworms]] (Trichuris trichiura), bụ parasitic worms nke na-emetụta ụmụ mmadụ site na nri emetọ, mmiri, ma ọ bụ mmetụ aka na ala butere ọrịa. Nje ndị a na-akpata nsogbu ahụike dị mkpa dị ka nsogbu na-edozi ahụ, uto na-adịghị mma, ụkọ ọbara, ihe mgbu afọ, na afọ ọsịsa. N'ime ụmụaka, ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nwere ike iduga na nkwarụ ọgụgụ isi na mbelata arụmọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, na-emetụtawanye mmepe ha. Mgbasa nke ikpuru ndị a na-ejikọta ya na adịghị ọcha na omume ịdị ọcha, na-eme ka ha jupụta na mpaghara ndị na-enweghị mmiri dị ọcha na nkwụsịtụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Igbochi ọrịa helminth a na-ebute n'ala chọrọ njikọta nke ịdị ọcha ka mma, agụmakwụkwọ ịdị ọcha, na mmemme deworming. Ịkwalite ịsa aka kwesịrị ekwesị, iyi akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-echebe, na ijide n'aka na mmiri dị ọcha nwere ike belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrịa. A na-eji ọgwụgwọ deworming, dị ka albendazole na mebendazole, eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na atụmatụ ahụike ọha na eze iji chịkwaa ma kpochapụ ọrịa, ọkachasị n'etiti ụmụaka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Idozi ọrịa ndị a dị oke mkpa maka imeziwanye ahụike n'ozuzu ya, ịkwalite nsonaazụ agụmakwụkwọ, na imebi usoro ịda ogbenye na obodo ndị metụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Soil-transmitted helminth infections|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Trachoma_1.png|thumb|Trachoma 1]] * Trachoma bụ ọrịa anya na-efe efe nke nje bacteria ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' kpatara. Ọ na-agbasa site na mmetụ anya kpọmkwem site n'aka ndị butere ọrịa ma ọ bụ site na ụmụ ahụhụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-ebute ọrịa. Ọrịa ahụ na-ebute ọbara ọbara, iwe, na nsị n'anya. Ọ bụrụ na a gwọọ ya, ọrịa ndị a na-ebute ugboro ugboro na trichiasis, ọnọdụ ebe anya na-agbanye n'ime ma na-agbanyụ cornea, na-akpata ọnyá. Ọnọdụ siri ike nwere ike ịkpata ìsì a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe, na-eme ka trachoma bụrụ isi ihe na-akpata ìsì a pụrụ igbochi n'ụwa niile. Igbochi na ịgwọ trachoma gụnyere usoro SAFE, ịwa ahụ iji dozie trichiasis, Antibiotics dị ka azithromycin iji kpochapụ ọrịa ahụ, ịdị ọcha ihu iji belata nnyefe, na mmelite gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ịdị ọcha ka ibelata ọmụmụ nnụnụ. Omume ahụike ọha na eze na-elekwasị anya na ịdị ọcha na ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ibelata mgbasa nke ọrịa ahụ. Site na mgbalị na-aga n'ihu, enwere ike iwepụ trachoma dị ka nchegbu ahụike ọha na eze na mpaghara ndị metụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trachoma - Symptoms and causes|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trachoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20378505|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}</ref> * [[Ekpenta]], nke a makwaara dị ka ọrịa Hansen, bụ ọrịa na-efe efe na-adịghị ala ala nke Mycobacterium leprae kpatara, nje bacteria na-eto ngwa ngwa nke na-emetụta akpụkpọ ahụ, akwara, na mucous membranes. A na-ebute ya site na mmekọrịta chiri anya na onye butere ọrịa, nke a na-ahụkarị site na mmiri ozuzo. Ọrịa ahụ na-apụta site na mgbaàmà ndị dị ka mmerụ ahụ akpụkpọ ahụ, enweghị mmetụta, mmebi akwara, na adịghị ike nke uru ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na a gwọọghị ya, ekpenta nwere ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu, gụnyere nkwarụ, nkwarụ na-adịgide adịgide, na ịkpa ókè ọha na eze n'ihi echiche na-ezighi ezi gbara ọrịa ahụ gburugburu. N'agbanyeghị ihere akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, ekpenta bụ ọrịa a na-agwọta, nchọpụta n'oge na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'igbochi nsogbu ogologo oge. Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-atụ aro ọgwụgwọ ọtụtụ ọgwụ site na iji ngwakọta nke rifampicin, dapsone, na clofazimine, nke na-ewepụ nje bacteria ma kwụsị nnyefe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Perron|first=Gabriel G|title=Source–sink dynamics shape the evolution of antibiotic resistance and its pleiotropic fitness cost|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=22 September 2007|volume=274|issue=1623|pages=2351–2356|doi=10.1098/rspb.2007.0640}}</ref> Ịkwalite mmata, imeziwanye ohere maka nlekọta ahụike, na ibelata ihere ọha na eze bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa iji kpochapụ ekpenta na ijide n'aka na ndị metụtara ya na-enweta ọgwụgwọ n'oge na nke dị irè. * Enweghị ego zuru oke: Otu n'ime ihe ịma aka ndị dị mkpa n'ịchịkwa ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya na Naịjirịa bụ ego. Ihe onwunwe e kenyere maka mmemme ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya na-abụkarị ezughi ezu iji kwado mbọ itinye aka ogologo oge. Ọtụtụ atụmatụ na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ndị na-enye onyinye mba ụwa, ma mgbe ego na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ ezughi oke, mmemme ndị dị mkpa dị ka nlekọta ọgwụ, njikwa vector, na nlekota na-enwe nsogbu. Enweghị itinye ego zuru oke na nyocha, ọgwụgwọ, na usoro mgbochi, ọganihu iji kpochapụ ọrịa ndị a na-anọgide na-eji nwayọ, obodo ndị metụtara na-aga n'ihu na-ata ahụhụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ENDING THE NEGLECT: COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ELIMINATING NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES IN NIGERIA BY 2030|url=https://end.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/EndFund-Report-Dec21st-2022.pdf|work=end.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Onasanya|first=Adeola|title=Evaluating stakeholder coordination and partnerships for NTD elimination in Taraba state, Nigeria: a multi-level analysis|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|date=27 January 2025|volume=25|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12879-025-10553-x|pmid=39871204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases Health Financing Landscape and Fund Flow Analysis in Cross River State|url=https://r4d.org/wp-content/uploads/Nigeria-FFA-Report-Final_09.27.23-1.pdf|work=r4d.org}}</ref> * Ihe owuwu ahụike na-adịghị ike: Usoro nlekọta ahụike nke Naijiria, ọkachasị n'ime ime obodo na mpaghara ndị a na-ejighị eme ihe, na-eche nnukwu ihe ịma aka ihu n'inye ọrụ zuru oke maka ịchịkwa ọrịa ndị a na'ebe okpomọkụ. Ọtụtụ obodo enweghị ụlọ ọrụ ahụike zuru oke, ndị ọrụ a zụrụ azụ, na ihe ndị dị mkpa, na-eme ka o sie ike maka ndị mmadụ ịnata nchọpụta na ọgwụgwọ n'oge. N'ógbè ụfọdụ, ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike dị anya site na ndị metụtara, na-eme ka ohere ịnweta ntinye aka dị mkpa sie ike. Ihe owuwu a na-adịghị ike na-egbochi ịdị irè nke nlekota ọrịa, nchọpụta n'oge, na mbọ nchịkwa, na-enye ohere ka ọrịa ndị a leghaara anya na-aga n'ihu ma gbasaa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Marchal|first=Bruno|title=Neglected tropical disease (NTD) control in health systems: The interface between programmes and general health services|journal=Acta Tropica|date=September 2011|volume=120|pages=S177–S185|doi=10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.02.017|pmid=21439930}}</ref> * Mgbochi na ibute ọrịa ọzọ: Nchịkwa nke ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya na-eme ka ihe ịma aka nke iguzogide nje na ibute nje ọzọ dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọtụtụ ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya, dị ka [[Skistosomiasis|schistosomiasis]] na lymphatic filariasis, nwere usoro mgbasa ozi dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-eme ka mkpochapụ zuru oke sie ike. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere adịghị ọcha na nlekọta mkpofu ezughi oke, na-enye aka na nnyefe na-aga n'ihu. Ọbụna mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, ndị bi n'ebe ndị dị oke egwu na-enwekarị otu ọnọdụ ahụ nke dugara na ibute ọrịa na mbụ, na-eme ka ohere nke ibute ọrịa ọzọ. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọgwụ na-eguzogide na-etolite, na-eme ka ọgwụgwọ ghara ịdị irè ma na-achọ mmepe nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ. * Mmekọrịta obodo pere mpe: Nchịkwa dị irè nke ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya na-achọ ntinye aka site na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ, mana nkwenkwe mmekọrịta na ọdịbendị na enweghị mmata na-egbochi mbọ itinye aka. N'ebe ụfọdụ, echiche na-ezighi ezi banyere ihe na-akpata ọrịa na ọgwụgwọ na-eduga na iguzogide ntinye aka ahụike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkwenkwe ọdịnala nwere ike ịkọwa ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya n'ebe okpomọkụ site na ihe karịrị nke mmadụ kama ịbụ ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ, na-eduga ndị mmadụ ịchọ ọgwụgwọ ọzọ kama nlekọta ahụike. Tụkwasị na nke a, obodo ụfọdụ amaghị maka ọrụ nlekọta ahụike dịnụ ma ọ bụ na-atụ egwu ịta ahụhụ, nke na-egbochi ha ịchọ ọgwụgwọ. Ịkwalite agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na itinye ndị isi obodo na mkpọsa mmata bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa iji merie ihe mgbochi ndị a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Community engagement in neglected tropical disease treatment - Treatment in Nigeria: Rethinking the needs of varying contexts|url=https://countdown.lstmed.ac.uk/sites/default/files/content/centre_page/attachments/Community%20Engagement_final.pdf|work=countdown.lstmed.ac.uk}}</ref> === Opioid riri ahụ === N'afọ 2024, opioids bụ isi ihe na-akpata oke ọgwụ na Naịjirịa.<ref name="NigeriaSSA2024">{{Cite journal|author=Oladapo|first=Rasaq|title=Combating opioid misuse in Nigeria: A comprehensive strategy for public health and social stability|journal=Society for the Study of Addiction|date=2025|volume=120|issue=2|pages=385–386|doi=10.1111/add.16710|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.16710|accessdate=27 April 2025}}</ref> N'afọ 2024, opioids dị ka tramadol na codeine dị n'ọtụtụ ebe na Naịjirịa.<ref name="NigeriaLancet2024" />{{Cite journal|author=Alare|first=Kehinde|title=The opioid crisis in Nigeria: a call for public health and policy interventions|journal=The Lancet|date=October 19, 2024|volume=404|issue=10462|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01855-5/fulltext|accessdate=27 April 2025}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlareMuili2024">Alare, Kehinde; Muili, Abdulbasit (19 October 2024). [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01855-5/fulltext "The opioid crisis in Nigeria: a call for public health and policy interventions"]. ''The Lancet''. '''404''' (10462)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Opiates ndị ọzọ dịnụ gụnyere pentazocin na morphine. <ref name="NigeriaLancet2024" /> Opiate na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe, ma n'obodo ukwu ma n'ime ime obodo.<ref name="NigeriaLancet2024" /> N'obodo ụfọdụ, a na-ejikarị opioid eme ihe, a na'ahụkwa ya dị ka ụzọ a na-adịghị emebi emebi iji dozie nrụgide onwe onye.<ref name="NigeriaLancet2024" /> N'afọ 2024, e nwere ụlọ ọgwụ ole na ole.<ref name="NigeriaLancet2024" /> Omume mmanye iwu lekwasịrị anya n'ịghọ mpụ nke iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, kama igbochi inye ọgwụ ọjọọ.<ref name="NigeriaLancet2024">{{Cite journal|author=Alare|first=Kehinde|title=The opioid crisis in Nigeria: a call for public health and policy interventions|journal=The Lancet|date=October 19, 2024|volume=404|issue=10462|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01855-5/fulltext|accessdate=27 April 2025}}</ref> == Nri == Nutrition, especially in northern Nigeria, is often inadequate. Since 2002, food staples have been required to be fortified with nutrients such as vitamin A, folic acid, zinc, iodine, and iron. However, some Nigerian industries have opposed this, citing reduced profit margins. The Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates Foundation is contributing   $5 million over four years to enforce a rigorous testing regime to ensure the standards are met. The initiative aims to provide critical nutrients to children, particularly those who consume mainly cereal and beans, at low cost. This would help reduce the risk of stunting and death from diseases like measles and diarrhea. Nearly half of child deaths under five are attributed to malnutrition.<ref name="Financial Times">{{Cite news|title=Nigerian food sector commits to nutrient fortification|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3a5712ca-9819-11e8-9702-5946bae86e6d?emailId=5b6873a4a1ccf60004083fa6|accessdate=21 September 2018|publisher=Financial Times|date=5 August 2018}}</ref> Additionally, [[Aliko Dangote]], whose companies supply salt, sugar, and flour, has called for a crackdown on the importation of low-quality food products, often smuggled into local markets.<ref name="Financial Times" /> === Mmetọ === Nchịkọta okporo ụzọ na Lagos, [[Mmetọ|mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi]] - gụnyere [[Mmetọ Mmiri|mmetọ mmiri]], [[Mmetọ ikuku]], na mmetọ mkpọtụ - bụ isi nsogbu ahụike. Usoro mmiri na Naịjirịa bụ ebe nchekwa maka kemịkal na-egbu egbu. Ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas, tinyere nsị zuru oke n'ime ụzọ mmiri, emeela ka mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi dị ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ratcliffe|first=Rebecca|date=2019-12-06|title='This place used to be green': the brutal impact of oil in the Niger Delta|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/dec/06/this-place-used-to-be-green-the-brutal-impact-of-oil-in-the-niger-delta|accessdate=2020-05-26}}</ref> Ihe ndị na-egbu egbu dị ka polyaromatic hydrocarbons, ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ polyfluoroalkyl, na ọla dị arọ na-emetọ oké osimiri, osimiri, na iyi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Adeogun|first=Aina O.|date=May 2016|title=Corrigendum to "Intersex and alterations in reproductive development of a cichlid, Tilapia guineensis, from a municipal domestic water supply lake (Eleyele) in Southwestern Nigeria" [Sci. Total Environ. 541 (2016) 372–382]|journal=Science of the Total Environment|volume=551-552|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.069|issn=0048-9697}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ibor|first=Oju R.|date=December 2016|title=Gonado-histopathological changes, intersex and endocrine disruptor responses in relation to contaminant burden in Tilapia species from Ogun River, Nigeria|journal=Chemosphere|volume=164|pages=248–262|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.087|pmid=27591376|issn=0045-6535}}</ref><ref name="ND" /> N'afọ 2018, akwụkwọ akụkọ The Nation kọrọ banyere mkpofu ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na ''Mba ahụ'', na-ekwu na enweghị usoro nchịkwa mkpofu kwesịrị ekwesị, nke na-eduga n'ịtụfu ihe mkpofu n'enweghị isi, akpa polythene, karama plastik, na ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/improper-waste-disposal-a-threat-to-our-survival/|title=Improper waste disposal: A threat to our survival|date=2018-04-25|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> The Huffington Post na May 2017 welitere egwu banyere ịtụfu plastik n'oké osimiri, na-ekwu na "oké osimiri na-abanye na plastik - ọ dịghịkwa onye na-elebara egwu ahụ anya". The Ellen MacArthur Foundation, na mmekorita ya na World Economic Forum, buru amụma na ka ọ na-erule afọ 2050, plastik dị n'oké Osimiri ga-ebu ibu karịa azụ. A na-atụ anya na mmụba a na-eri ga-eme ka ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na-emetụta plastik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/plastic-waste-oceans_n_58fed37be4b0c46f0781d426|title=The Oceans Are Drowning In Plastic -- And No One's Paying Attention|author=Mosbergen|first=Dominique|date=2017-04-27|work=HuffPost|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ihe mkpofu nwere kemịkal estrogenic na androgenic, nke nwere ike ịbanye na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ma nwee ike imebi ọrụ homonụ.<ref name="ND">{{Cite journal|author=Khan|first=Essa A.|date=2019-05-15|title=Modulation of Neuro-Dopamine Homeostasis in Juvenile Female Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Perfluoroalkyl Substances|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|volume=53|issue=12|pages=7036–7044|doi=10.1021/acs.est.9b00637|pmid=31090407|issn=0013-936X}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKhanBertottoDaleLille-Langøy2019">Khan, Essa A.; Bertotto, Luisa B.; Dale, Karina; Lille-Langøy, Roger; Yadetie, Fekadu; Karlsen, Odd André; Goksøyr, Anders; Schlenk, Daniel; Arukwe, Augustine (15 May 2019). "Modulation of Neuro-Dopamine Homeostasis in Juvenile Female Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Perfluoroalkyl Substances". ''Environmental Science & Technology''. '''53''' (12): <span class="nowrap">7036–</span>7044. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019EnST...53.7036K 2019EnST...53.7036K]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b00637|10.1021/acs.est.9b00637]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:1956/22362|1956/22362]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-936X 0013-936X]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31090407 31090407]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206583654 206583654].</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Arukwe|first=Augustine|date=2008-04-09|title=Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc)-regulated steroidogenesis as an organ-specific molecular and cellular target for endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish|journal=Cell Biology and Toxicology|volume=24|issue=6|pages=527–540|doi=10.1007/s10565-008-9069-7|pmid=18398688|issn=0742-2091}}</ref> Ihe ndị a na-emetọ ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri, na-emetụta ndụ ha na ikike ọmụmụ ha, ha na-agbakọta na usoro nri. Naịjirịa nwere ụfọdụ n'ime ikuku kachasị njọ n'ụwa (nke anọ n'ụwa niile), ya na obodo anọ - [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]], [[Aba, Nigeria|Aba]], [[Kaduna]], na [[Umuahia]] - nke kachasị emetọ n'ihi ihe ndị dị nro (PM10). Akụkọ WHO na-adịbeghị anya chọpụtara na ọnụọgụ PM2.5 nke Naịjirịa kwa afọ dị na 72 μg / m³, nke dị elu karịa ókè a tụrụ aro nke 10 μg / M³.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Phoebe|first=Parke|title=Dirty by success? Nigeria is home to cities with worst PM10 levels|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/05/Africa/Nigeria-cities-pollution/index.html|publisher=CNN|date=2016}}</ref> Dabere na akụkọ data ahụike ụwa, mmetọ ikuku bụ isi ihe na-akpata ọnwụ na nkwarụ na Naịjirịa, na-enye aka na ọrịa iku ume na-adịghị ala ala, ọrịa obi, na ọrịa na-efe efe. Ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ na mmetọ ifufe gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ na-akpata nnukwu ọrịa na ọnwụ na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hyellai|first=Pona|title=Environmental health situation in Nigeria: current status & future needs|journal=Heliyon|year=2021|volume=7|issue=3|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06330|pmid=33851039}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Tebụl na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ n'ihi mmetọ ikuku na Naịjirịa (2019) maka afọ na nwoke na nwanyị niile <ref name="GBD compare/ viz hub" /> !Ọrịa/ọgba aghara !Mmetọ ikuku nke ọnwụ zuru oke na pasentị |- |Ọrịa obi Ischemic |4.37 |- |Ọrịa strok |3.98 |- |Ọrịa kansa akpa ume |0.39 |- |Ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nke na-egbochi akpa ume |0.89 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+Tebụl na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke DALYs sitere na mmetọ ikuku na Naịjirịa (2019) maka afọ na nwoke na nwanyị niile <ref name="GBD compare/ viz hub">{{Cite web|author=IMHE|title=GBD compare/ viz hub|url=https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/}}</ref> !Ọrịa/ọgba aghara !Mmetọ ikuku nke ngụkọta DALYs na pasentị |- |Ọrịa obi Ischemic |1.3 |- |Ọrịa strok |1.47 |- |Ọrịa kansa akpa ume |0.13 |- |Ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nke na-egbochi akpa ume |0.41 |- |} [[Faịlụ:Dafo_Yellow_Bus_coursing_Smoke_Pollution_in_Lagos_State._Nigeria.jpg|alt=An image of a yellow Danfo bus causing air pollution in Lagos State, Nigeria|thumb|Bọs Danfo na-acha odo odo na-akpata mmetọ ikuku na Lagos Steeti, Naịjirịa]] Naịjirịa bụ ebe ọtụtụ ụgbọala, gụnyere ụgbọala, ọgba tum tum, na ụgbọala ndị dị arọ dị ka bọs na gwongworo, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị ochie ma ghara ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ihe gbasara ike. Ụgbọala ndị a na-ewepụta anwụrụ ọkụ na-emerụ ahụ, gụnyere nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, na ndị ọzọ. A na-ewepụ ọtụtụ ihe mkpofu na mba ahụ, ma ụlọ ma ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, site na ọkụ, na-ewepụta anwụrụ ọkụ site na ihe ndị sitere na ihe ndị dị ndụ, ihe ndị aka mere dị ka plastik na rọba, na ihe ndị ize ndụ dị ka batrị na ihe mkpofu. Ọtụtụ ezinụlọ na-enyekwa aka na mmetọ ikuku site na iji stovu kerosene na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, nkụ, na icheku ọkụ maka isi nri, mgbe mgbe n'ime ụlọ na ikuku na-adịghị mma. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọtụtụ ọfịs na ebe obibi na-enye aka na mmetọ ikuku site na iji generators dị ka ihe nnọchi anya ọkụ eletrik ọha na eze a na-apụghị ịdabere na ya, na anwụrụ ọkụ na-apụta n'ebe ikuku na-adịghị mma. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetọ mmetọ gụnyere ikuku sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-ewepụta anwụrụ ọkụ yiri nke ụgbọala, mana ọ na-eji diesel kama gasoline.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fargorite|first=Victor|title=Air pollution, causes, effect & remediation in Nigeria|journal=International Journal of Advanced Academic Research|date=2021|volume=7|issue=1}}</ref> == Ihe mberede okporo ụzọ == Kwa afọ, mmadụ nde 1.25 na-anwụ n'ihe mberede okporo ụzọ.[1] N'agbata nde mmadụ 20 rụọ nde 50 ọzọ na-enweta mmerụ ahụ na-adịghị eduga n'ọnwụ, mana ọtụtụ n'ime mmerụ ahụ ndị a na-ebute nkwarụ na-adịgide adịgide. Mmerụ ahụ na-esi n'okporo ụzọ pụta na-akpata nnukwu mfu akụnaụba ga-adịrị ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, ezinụlọ ha, nakwa mba gasị, n'ihi ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ na mfu nke mmepụta ihe sitere n'aka ndị ahụ nwụrụ ma ọ bụ nwee nkwarụ, yana ndị ezinụlọ ha dọpụrụ aka n'ọrụ ma ọ bụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iji lekọta ndị ahụ merụrụ ahụ. Ihe mberede okporo ụzọ na-eri ọtụtụ mba ihe ruru pasentị atọ (3%) nke ngụkọta akụnaụba ha (GDP). Mmerụ ahụ na-esi n'ihe mberede okporo ụzọ pụta bụ isi ihe kacha ebute ọnwụ n'etiti ndị nọ n'agbata afọ 15 rụọ 29.[2] Ihe karịrị mmadụ 3,400 na-anwụ n'okporo ụzọ gasị n'ụwa niile kwa ụbọchị, ebe ọtụtụ iri nde mmadụ na-emerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ na-enweta nkwarụ kwa afọ. Ụmụ nwatakịrị, ndị ji ụkwụ aga, ndị na-agba igwe (cyclists), na ndị merie agadi nọ n'oké ihe ize ndụ karị. Òtù Ahụike Ụwa (WHO) na gọọmentị gasị nakwa ndị otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGOs) na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ n'ụwa dum iji gosi na ihe mberede okporo ụzọ bụ ihe pụrụ igbochi egbochi, nakwa iji kwalite usoro ndị na-eleba anya n'omume ndị kacha ebute ihe ize ndụ, gụnyere ịgba ọsọ gabigara oke, ịkwọ ụgbọala n'okpuru mmetụta mmanya na-aba n'anya, iji nchegbu isi (helmet) eme ihe mgbe a na-agba ọgba tum tum, iji eriri nchekwa (seat-belts), na oche nchekwa ụmụaka.[1] N'ihi otú ihe mberede okporo ụzọ siri gazi n'ụzọ dị ize ndụ na Naịjirịa, nke mere na n'afọ 2013, a hụrụ obodo ahụ dị ka otu n'ime mba gasị nwere ọnụọgụ ihe mberede okporo ụzọ kacha elu n'ụwa niile (nakwa mba kacha nwee ya n'Afrịka),[1][2] gọọmentị Naịjirịa guzobere Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nchekwa Okporo Ụzọ (FRSC) n'afọ 1988 iji gbochie ma kwụsị ogbugbu na mbibi a na-enwe n'okporo ụzọ ukwu gasị. === Ogo na Atụmatụ Ọganihu nke Ihe Mberede Okporo Ụzọ === Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nchekwa Okporo Ụzọ (FRSC) kọrọ na mmadụ 456 nwụrụ gazi, ebe mmadụ 3,404 ọzọ merụrụ ahụ n'ime ihe mberede okporo ụzọ 826 e dekọrọ n'obodo ahụ dum n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2018.[1] Ọkaikpe Nchịkwa otu FRSC (Corps Marshal), Boboye Oyeyemi, bụ onye bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ akụkọ FRSC nke ọnwa Jenụwarị === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke UN === N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2015, Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (UN General Assembly) nabatara Atụmatụ 2030 maka Ọganihu Na-adịgide Adịgide, nke gụnyere Ebumnuche Maka Ọganihu Na-adịgide Adịgide (SDGs) iri na asa (17). Site n'ịgbaso ụkpụrụ ahụ bụ "ịhapụghị onye ọ bụla n'azụ," atụmatụ a na-emesi ike ụzọ nlekọta zuru oke (holistic approach) iji rụpụta ọganihu na-adịgide adịgide maka mmadụ niile.[1] Atụmatụ 3.6 dị n'okpuru Ebumnuche 3 nke Ọganihu Na-adịgide Adịgide na-eleba anya kpọmkwem na gbasara ihe mberede okporo ụzọ. Ọ na-asị, "Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020, belata ọnụọgụ ọnwụ na mmerụ ahụ n'ụwa niile na-esi n'ihe mberede okporo ụzọ pụta okpukpu abụọ (halve it). Gọọmentị Etiti nke Naịjirịa emebela usoro na atụmatụ gasị dị iche iche iji hụ na a rụpụtara Ebumnuche Maka Ọganihu Na-adịgide Adịgide (SDGs) n'obodo ahụ.[1] N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, Naịjirịa ka nọ ebe dị anya n'irute ebumnuche a. == Ọgwụ ọdịnala / Ọgwụ ọzọ == [[Faịlụ:A_tray_of_local_herbal_products_and_concoctions.jpg|alt=A tray containing local herbal medicine products and concoctions|thumb|Otu tileyi (tray) jupụtara na ngwa ọgwụ ọdịnala na agwọ Ọgwụ dị iche iche]] Akụkọ gasị pụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya egosipụtala ihe ize ndụ dị iche iche metụtara ụdị ọgwụ ọdịnala na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ a na-eme ná ndochi (alternative medicine). Ọ bụ ezie na ọgwụgwọ ndị a nwere uru ha na-erubere ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ ma na-eji ha eme ihe enweghị ozi zuru oke gbasara otu esi eji ha eme ihe n'ụzọ dị mma, nke a na-edugazi ná mmerụ ahụ pụrụ ime.[1] Ọ bụ ezie na ọgwụ ọdịnala na-atụnye ụtụ dị ukwuu n'ahụike na n'akụnaụba, ire ha n'enweghị nchịkwa doro anya nakwa iji ha eme ihe n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, gụnyere akwụkwọ nri na ogwu mkpọrọgwụ (herbs), ebutela mmerụ ahụ na igbu oge n'ịga chọọ nlekọta ahụike n'aka ndị dọkịta ruru eru.[2] == Mgbanwe ihu igwe == Ebe ọ bụ na ọ nwere ọnụọgụ ndị bi na ya ruru ihe dị ka nde 200,[1] Naịjirịa bụ mba kacha nwee nnukwu mmadụ n'Afrịka. Dị ka mba kacha zipụ mmanụ rị rị n'ofe Afrịka, Naịjirịa na-eche ihe isi ike ihu n'ịtụnyere mkpa ike (energy) nke mba ụwa na nkwụsi ike nke akụnaụba obodo ahụ, ebe ọ na-elebakwa anya na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na mgbanwe ihu igwe (climate change). Mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na Naịjirịa nwere ike ịgụnye okpomọkụ na-arịwanye elu, ntiwapụ nke oke ihu igwe dị ize ndụ ugboro ugboro na n'ogo dị elu, nakwa ịrị elu nke oge osimiri.[2] Mgbanwe ndị a nwere ike iduga n'ịba ụba nke enweghị nri na mmiri doro anya, mmetụta siri ike nke oke okpomọkụ na ụzarị ọkụ anyanwụ (ultraviolet radiation), mgbanwe n'otú ọrịa si agbasa, na mmetụta dị ize ndụ n'ebe obodo ndị dị n'akụkụ osimiri nọ, bụ ndị iju mmiri na-emesi ike.[2] N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, usoro mgbochi na nhazi zuru oke nwere ike inyere aka chebe ndị mmadụ ma weta ohere maka ahụike ka mma n'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike ndị mgbanwe ihu igwe na-eweta. Ihe ize ndụ kacha siri ike n'ahụike na-esi n'ọrịa ndị pụrụ iduga n'ọnwụ pụta. Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi (climate change) nwere ike imekwa ka ọrịa ndị dịbu adị ka njọ ma tinye aka na ntiwapụ nke ndị nke ọhụrụ, dị ka ọbara mgbali elu (high blood pressure), mgbaka ma ọ bụ isi mgbaka (psychosis), nchegbu uche gabigara oke (neurosis), na nkwarụ a mụrụ nwa na ya (congenital malformations).[1] Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbakwunyere ndị mmadụ ogbenye rịrị n'ọnọdụ ha ihe isi ike. [[Faịlụ:Health_effects_of_pollution.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|454x454px|Mmetụta ahụike nke mmetọ]] Iju mmiri, nke oke osimiri na-arịwanye elu na akụrụngwa na-adịghị mma na-akpata, ọkachasị usoro ọwa mmiri (drainage) a na-ahaziri n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ize ndụ n'ahụike. Ndịda Naịjirịa, ọkachasị Lagos—nke dị naanị otu mita n'elu ogo osimiri—nọ n'oké ihe ize ndụ maka iju mmiri, ebe obodo ahụ na-eche nchegbu maka mbibi ma ọ bụ mfu kpamkpam ihu.[1] Mmetụta ahụike nke iju mmiri na-eweta gụnyere ọrịa ndị na-esi na mmiri na-efe efe dị ka taịfọdụ (typhoid), kọlera (cholera), oyi nymonia (pneumonia), ọnyụnyụ (diarrhea), na ịba (malaria), bụ ndị meburịrị agbata n'anụ ahụ na ndụ ndị mmadụ na Naịjirịa. {| class="wikitable" |+Pasentị nke Ọnwụ na DALYs nke ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị nke idei mmiri nwere ike ime ka ọ ka njọ | |Pasentị nke ngụkọta ndị nwụrụ anwụ |Pasentị nke DALYs |- |Ịba |12% |11.16% |- |Ọrịa oyi na-efe efe |0.22% |0.24% |- |Ọrịa afọ ọsịsa |11.36% |11.86% |- | colspan="3" |Ebe e si nweta ya: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME 2019) |} Òtù Ahụike Ụwa (WHO) achọpụtara ọrịa gasị dị ka Schistosomiasis (ọrịa ewi/mmerụ ahụ na-esi na mmiri), African trypanosomiasis (ọrịa ụra), ịba (malaria), lymphatic filariasis (atụrụ/ụkwụ mbu), onchocerciasis (ìsì osimiri), na leishmaniasis dị ka nnukwu ọrịa ndị na-asọ oge n'mpaghara okpomọkụ (tropical diseases).[1] Ọrịa ndị a nwere nnukwu mmetụta n'ahụike ọha na ibe ya nakwa n'akụnaụba. Dị ka onye bụbu Onye Isi Nchịkwa WHO, Hiroshi Nakajima kwuru, ọrịa ndị a na-egbochi ọganihu nke gburugburu ebe obibi, na-eme ka ala na-emepụta ihe ghara ịbụ ebe obibi, na-emebi uto nke uche na nke ahụ, ma na-ebute nnukwu ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ.[2] Okpomọkụ na-arịwanye elu na-emekwa ka mgbasa nke ọrịa dị iche iche siri ike, dị ka emume akpụkpọ ụbụrụ (meningitis), amụma ọbara (measles), kịtịkpa (chicken pox), ọbara mgbali elu (high blood pressure), na enweghị mmiri n'ahụ n'oge ime ime. A tụrụ anya na ọnụọgụ ndị bi ná mba ndị na-emepe emepe ga-eto site na ijeri 2.3 n'afọ 2005 rụọ ijeri 4 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2030,[1] nke a ga-eduga n'ịba ụba nke anwuru carbon na-emebi ikuku nakwa na-eme ka nsogbu obodo mepere emepe ka njọ, gụnyere ụlọ obibi na-adịghị mma. Mgbanwe ndị a na-eme ka ohere maka oke okpomọkụ dị ize ndụ (heatwaves) rịgoro elu n'obodo ukwu gasị. Ọzọkwa, okpomọkụ dị elu na-emetụta mgbasa nke ọrịa ndị na-ebute site n'ịkwalite uto nke pathogens na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ anwụnta, nke, n'aka nke ya, na-eme ka o kwe omume ibufe ọrịa.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00688.x|title=Climate Change and Human Health: Estimating Avoidable Deaths and Disease|year=2005|author=Kovats|first=R. Sari|journal=Risk Analysis|volume=25|issue=6|pages=1409–1418|pmid=16506971}}</ref> Nje ndị na-egbu egbu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-emetụta okpomọkụ nke ukwuu, nke na-eme ka usoro ọmụmụ nke anwụnta na nje na-egbu oge. * '''Ọ bụ ezie na Naịjirịa achọpụtala mmetụta ahụike nke mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike iweta, ọ ka nwere oghere na nhazi na mmejuputa usoro nbelata ya.''' (Although Nigeria has acknowledged the potential health impacts of climate change, there remain gaps in planning and implementing mitigation strategies.) * '''Akwụkwọ nyocha nke WHO gbasara "Climate and Health Country Profile" maka Naịjirịa (2015) rụtụrụ aka n'ọganihu ụfọdụ, dịka nhọpụta nke onye isi na-ahụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na mba ahụ nakwa imepụta usoro mgbanwe ahụike nke mba.''' (The WHO's Climate and Health Country Profile for Nigeria (2015) highlights successes, such as the identification of a national focal point for climate change and the development of a national health adaptation strategy.) * '''Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị mbọ pụtara ìhè agbagoro iji mee ka ikike ụlọ ọrụ na nke teknụzụ siri ike, ma ọ bụ imezu ihe omume ndị ezubere iji bulie nchekwa akụrụngwa ahụike.''' (However, there have been no significant efforts to strengthen institutional and technical capacities or to implement activities aimed at increasing health infrastructure resilience.) * '''Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ dịghị ego ọ bụla e wepụtara (ma ọ bụ nke si n'ime obodo ma ọ bụ nke mba ụwa) iji kwado omume ndị ga-eme ka ahụike nwee nchekwa pụọ na mgbanwe ihu igwe.''' (Additionally, there have been no financial commitments (either domestic or international) to fund actions that would improve health resilience to climate change.) * '''Ohere ndị a na-enye ohere maka ime ihe dị mma.''' (These gaps present opportunities for effective action.) * '''Nzukọ WHO na-atụ aro ka e mee nyocha zuru ezu banyere mmetụta na usoro mgbanwe (vulnerability and adaptation assessment) nke ga-agụnye ndị niile dị mkpa nakwa atụmatụ ego e ji emejuputa usoro nchekwa ahụike.''' (The WHO suggests conducting a comprehensive vulnerability and adaptation assessment that includes relevant stakeholders and an estimation of the costs to implement health resilience strategies,) * '''Usoro ndị a kwesịrị ịgụnye akụrụngwa obodo, yana ikike nke ụlọ ọrụ na nke teknụzụ.''' (which should cover infrastructure, as well as institutional and technical capacities.) * '''Ọzọkwa, e kwesịrị ibute ụzọ n'omume ndị na-eme ka ngalaba ahụike bụrụ nke na-adịghị emebi gburugburu ebe obibi ("green"), dịka ịkwalite ike siri n'ihe ndị sitere n'okike (renewable energy).''' (Furthermore, actions to "green" the health sector, such as promoting renewable energy, should be prioritized,) * '''E kwesịrị inyocha uru dị iche iche usoro nbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe na-eweta n'ahụike.''' (and the co-benefits to health of climate mitigation policies should be evaluated.) * '''Nke a ga-enyere aka na nlekọta ọganihu maka oge n'ọdịnihu nke ga-esi ike ma nwee nchekwa.''' (This will help monitor progress toward a more resilient future.) == Hụkwa == ** '''Ọrịa obi na akwara na Naịjirịa''' ** '''Nlekọta ahụike na Naịjirịa''' ** '''Ministri Ahụike Federal''' ** '''Ịṅụ sịga na Naịjirịa''' ** '''Ntinye ọrụ aka maka ndị ọkachamara ahụike na Naịjirịa''' [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6a07kbefzi4xnavr9ndpffhodpvm9d8 0 28120 692532 115367 2026-07-30T09:33:45Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album|name=Long Ambients 2|type=studio|artist=[[Moby]]|cover=|alt=|released={{Start date|2019|03|15}}|recorded=|studio=Moby's home studio in Los Angeles, California|genre=[[Ambient music|Ambient]]|length={{duration|m=217|s=46}}|label=Little Idiot|producer=Moby|prev_title=[[Everything Was Beautiful, and Nothing Hurt (Moby album)|Everything Was Beautiful, and Nothing Hurt]]|prev_year=2018|next_title=[[All Visible Objects]]|next_year=2020}} Long Ambients 2 (nke e bipụtara dị ka Long Ambients Two na mkpuchi ya) bụ abọm ndị mere mmehie Ihe nke iri na isii nke onye egwu eletrọniki America, onye na-ede egwu, na onye na-emepụta Moby, wepụtara onwe ha ga esi egosi gaa ọtụtụ kilomita na Machị 15, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Shelby|title=Moby's new album will literally put you to sleep|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/music/news/mobys-new-album-will-literally-put-you-to-sleep/ar-BBUVJdF|publisher=[[msn.com]]|accessdate=26 February 2020|date=18 March 2019}}</ref> Ọ bụ ihe na-esote album ya gara aga, Long Ambients 1: Calm. ''Ihi ụra''. (2016), nke na-agụnyekwa ogologo oge nke egwu gburugburu.   [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Long Ambients 2 bụ ihe na-esote Long Ambients 1:Wetuo Obi ụtọ . ''Ihi ụra''. (2016) ma na-enye ihe karịrị nkeji 200 nke egwu gburugburu ụwa na ụdị nke ụra site n'ime ụmụ gị iji mee ka onye na-ege ntị hie ụra ma ọ bụ tụgharịa uche.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Middleton|first=Ryan|title=Moby Releases New Album 'Long Ambients 2' On Meditation & Sleep App Calm|url=https://www.magneticmag.com/2019/03/moby-releases-new-album-long-ambients-2-meditation-sleep-app-calm/|work=Magnetic Magazine|accessdate=26 February 2020|language=en-us|date=19 March 2019}}</ref> Moby gbalịrị ndị mmadụ n'ihe dị ka ndị na eme ìhè ahụ ike ịchọta egwu nke nyeere ya aka ihi ụra nke ọma, ya mere o kpebiri ide ụfọdụ n'onwe ya. O bu n'uche ka egwu ahụ nyere ndị mmadụ aka ime ka obi dị jụụ, belata nchegbu, ma nyere aka na nsogbu ụra ha.<ref name="F19">{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2019/03/18/moby-releases-new-album-on-calm-meditation-app/|title=Moby's Latest Album Is Currently Exclusive to Meditation App 'Calm'|first=Natasha|author=Bach|date=March 18, 2019|work=Fortune|accessdate=19 March 2019}}</ref> "LA15 dị n'ala" bụ ụdị / remix gbasaa nke "LA8" site na Long Ambients 1, ''ebe'' "LA16" bụ ụdị gbasaa nke ""LA10". Akụkụ anọ ndị ọzọ bụ ihe ọhụrụ na abọm a. Moby kọwara, "Ihe ka ukwuu ná mmalite nke narị afọ mbụ Nile dị n'ala ahụ n'ebe iso ụzọ isi dị otú ahụ ndụ m mere na ndị na-ege ntị n'uche, mana ogologo egwu a ka m mere maka onwe m".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Packer|first=Amy|title=Moby has never had a good night's sleep but his new album may help you nod off|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/health/moby-never-good-nights-sleep-18920555|work=[[Daily Mirror]]|accessdate=26 February 2020|date=12 August 2019}}</ref> == Ntọhapụ == E wepụtara abọm ahụ na Machị 15, 2019 iji cheta [[Ụbọchị Ihi ụra Ụwa]]. Ọ dị naanị na Wetuo obi , ngwá ọrụ nkụzi afọ ntụgharị uche, maka ụbọchị iri atọ mbụ tupu ewepụta ya na ntanetị na ntanetị egwu ndị ọzọ.<ref name="F19">{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2019/03/18/moby-releases-new-album-on-calm-meditation-app/|title=Moby's Latest Album Is Currently Exclusive to Meditation App 'Calm'|first=Natasha|author=Bach|date=March 18, 2019|work=Fortune|accessdate=19 March 2019}}</ref> == Ndepụta egwu ==   == Ihe osise == {| class="wikitable" !Chart (2019) !Ebe kachasị elu<br /><br /><br /><br /> |- |US New Age Albums (''Billboard'') | align="center" |3 |- |} == Hụkwa == == Ntụaka == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == sumeehppa9tbr237wgxkjio8f1rya6n 0 28787 692446 655819 2026-07-30T05:12:54Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference errors 692446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}N'afọ 1986, Hvalur sinkings mere n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Reykjavík nke Iceland n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ '''1986''', mgbe ndị na-emegide igbu whale si na Sea Shepherd Conservation Society mikpuru ụgbọ mmiri ndị na-enweghị onye na-egbu whale, Hvalur 6 na Hvalur 7, ma mebie ụlọ ọrụ nhazi whale na Hvalfjörður. Ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ bụ abụọ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri anọ nke mba ahụ ma mesịa bulie ha, mana ha agabeghị ịchụ nta whale kemgbe a dọbara ha n'ala kpọrọ nkụ. A rụzubeghị ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ ihe dị ka afọ 36 ka e mesịrị.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kristján Már Unnarsson|title=Sjötti hvalur vertíðarinnar kominn á land í Hvalfirði|url=https://www.visir.is/g/20222280301d|accessdate=25 July 2022|work=[[Vísir.is]]|date=27 June 2022|language=Icelandic}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ naanị ụlọ ọrụ nhazi nke mba ahụ.<ref name="">{{Cite web|title=Only terrorist attack on Iceland: The sinking of whaling vessels in Reykjavík on 9/11 1986|url=https://icelandmag.is/article/only-terrorist-attack-iceland-sinking-whaling-vessels-reykjavik-911-1986|accessdate=2021-12-17|work=Icelandmag|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://icelandmag.is/article/only-terrorist-attack-iceland-sinking-whaling-vessels-reykjavik-911-1986 "Only terrorist attack on Iceland: The sinking of whaling vessels in Reykjavík on 9/11 1986"]. ''Icelandmag''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ihe omume ahụ bụ mgbalị nke ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ anụmanụ iji mebie ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ whale nke Iceland mgbe mba ahụ zere mmachibido iwu azụmahịa na omume ahụ iji mee nyocha. Ọ dịghị onye merụrụ ahụ mana mwakpo ahụ kpatara mmebi nke $ 2 nde na ụgbọ mmiri, mmebi nke $2 nde na ụlọ ọrụ nhazi, na mmebi nke anụ whale frizer na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta mebiri $ 4 nde nke anụ whala. Ndị na-eme ya, Rod Coronado na David Howitt, nwere ike ịgbapụ n'ebe ahụ site na ụgbọ elu gaa Luxembourg.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Only terrorist attack on Iceland: The sinking of whaling vessels in Reykjavík on 9/11 1986|url=https://icelandmag.is/article/only-terrorist-attack-iceland-sinking-whaling-vessels-reykjavik-911-1986|accessdate=2021-12-17|work=Icelandmag|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == International Whaling Commission mebere nkwubi okwu maka ịkwọ azụ ahịa na Jenụwarị 1986;  mmachibido iwu ahụ kwere ka whaling sayensị gaa n'ihu.  Otu ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-eme ihe kpọmkwem chọrọ ka ha tinye aka na whaling nke Iceland, Norway, Soviet Union, Japan, na Agwaetiti Faroe gara n'ihu.  Gọọmentị Iceland kwenyere na iwere whale 120 na 1986 maka nyocha dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ ya. Na June 1986, e mere atụmatụ ahụ iji mebie ụlọ ọrụ whaling Iceland na-emesi ike na imebi akụ na ụba dị ukwuu dị ka o kwere mee n'ebumnobi na-eme ihe mgbe ọ na-enweghị ihe iyi egwu ndụ mmadụ.  A na-egbu oge ọrụ ahụ n'ihi nzụkọ na Reykjavík n'etiti gọọmentị United States na Soviet Union na Octobe.<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard">{{cite news |title=2 suspected of attacking whale boats|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t2cVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KOEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6875,2938514&dq=sea-shepherd+rock&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |work=[[The Register-Guard]] |location= Eugene, OR| date=11 November 1986 |page=7A |accessdate=13 May 2010}}</ref> Otu n'ime ndị na-eme ya, Rod Coronado, ka a na-ebo ebubo na ọ na-etinye aka na mwakpo a wakporo ndị na-egbu whale na Faroese na June.<ref name="Lakeland Ledger">{{cite news |title=Iceland adventure 'easy' for whaling 'terrorists' |first=Rick |last=Lyman |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LwUwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jvsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6915,7062604&dq=sea+shepherd+terrorist+iceland&hl=en |agency=KNT News Service |work=[[The Ledger]] |location= Lakeland, FL |date=15 November 1986 |page=A8 |accessdate=13 May 2010}}</ref> == Usoro Ọrụ ya == Sea Shepherd's Coronado na David Howitt ji ụgbọelu banye Reykjavík n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1986.<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard" /> A na-akpọkwa Howitt David Howard, Nick Taylor ma ọ bụ Martin Braidley.<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard" /> Ha abụọ nọrọ n'ụlọ ndị ntorobịa wee malite nyocha na nzuzo maka ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ n'ógbè ahụ ma a kọọrọ na ha mere ka ha bụrụ ndị njem nleta ma were ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ azụ.<ref name="Lakeland Ledger" /><ref name="Derr and McNamar">Derr, Patrick George; McNamar, Edward M. [https://books.google.com/books?id=oLu5C4sYa_kC&dq=Case+studies+in+environmental+ethics+hvalur&pg=PA28 ''Case Studies in Environmental Ethics''] (Rowman & Littlefield, 2003) p. 28. Retrieved 15 May 2010.</ref> Na 8 Nọvemba, ha mere njem 50 mile gaa na naanị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke mba ahụ dị na Hvalfjörður, ebe ha batara na 8:00 pm.  A na-eji sledgehammers, wrenches, na ngwá ọrụ ndị ọzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'usoro bibie kọmputa, ndị na-emepụta ọkụ, ígwè ọrụ, na windo.  Ebibiri nnukwu igwe nju oyi a na-eji ajụ oyi n'oge a na-agaghị arụkwa ya ma were acid gbasa akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.  A hapụrụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na obere ụlọ abụọ enweghị ọrụ.<ref name="Lakeland Ledger" /><ref name="Eugene Register-Guard" /> Coronado na Howitt laghachiri na Reykjavik n'isi ụtụtụ nke 9 Nọvemba ebe atọ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri whaling anọ nke mba ahụ nọ.  E mepere valvụ mmiri nnu dị n'ime ụlọ injin ahụ n'ihe dị ka elekere 5:00 nke ụtụtụ, na-eme ka ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ idei mmiri ma mikpuo n'ime ọkara elekere.  A wakpoghị whaler nke atọ, Hvalur 8, ebe onye nche nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri ebe nke anọ, Hvalur 9, nọ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.. Ndị uwe ojii eruteghị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ruo elekere asaa nke ụtụtụ, ndị mwakpo ahụ wee nwee ike ịgbapụ na mba ahụ site na ụgbọ elu 7:45 nke ụtụtụ gaa Luxembourg.<ref name="Lakeland Ledger"/> Ha bụ ndị a na-akwụsịkarị n'ụzọ na-aga n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu mana ndị uwe ojii echeghị na ha mere ihe ọjọọ ọ bụla ma hapụ ha ka ha gaa n'ihu n'ụzọ ha.<ref name="Grapevine 2006-11-03">Björnsson, Sveinn Birkir [https://web.archive.org/web/20081116131904/http://www.grapevine.is/Home/ReadArticle/Whaler-Down Whaler Down: Looking back at the sinking of the whaleboats in 1986] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116131904/http://www.grapevine.is/Home/ReadArticle/Whaler-Down |date=2008-11-16 }} ''[[The Reykjavik Grapevine]]'', 3 November 2006. Retrieved 15 May 2010.</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba, ụlọ ọrụ na-azọpụta ndị mmadụ buuru ụgbọ mmiri abụọ dị tọn 430 site n'ala ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-egbu whale si kwuo, mwakpo ahụ kpatara mmebi ruru $ 2 nde.<ref name=refloated>{{Citation |title=Whaling Ships Refloated in Iceland |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/20/world/around-the-world-whaling-ships-refloated-in-iceland.html |date=20 November 1986 |work= [[The New York Times]] }}.</ref> According to the whaling company, the attack caused $2&nbsp;million worth of damage.<ref name=refloated/> == Mmeghachi omume == [[Usòrò:Icelandic_whalers_08.JPG|thumb|Hvalur 6, Hvalur 7, Hvalur 8, na Hvalur 9 na 2008.]] [[Usòrò:Hvalur_6,7_201805.jpg|thumb|Hvalur 6 na Hvalur 7 na Hvalfjörður na 2018.]] N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke a gasịrị, Watson weere ọrụ zuru oke maka ọrụ ahụ, na-ekwu na ya mere atụmatụ ya, họrọla ndị otu ahụ, ma hụ na ndị mwakpo ahụ rụrụ ọrụ ha.<ref name="Lakeland Ledger"/> Praịm Minista Steingrímur Hermannsson kwupụtara na Iceland na-anwa ịchọta ndị ikom ahụ ma katọọ ndị uwe ojii maka igbu oge mbụ nke nyere ha ohere ịgbapụ.<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard"/> Watson gara Iceland na 1988 iji chee ikpe dị ka onye ndú Sea Shepherd ebe e jidere ya ruo awa 24 tupu a chụpụ ya n'enweghị ihe kpatara ya.<ref name="Derr and McNamar"/><ref name="Grapevine 2005-02-11">Klemens, Watson the victor: Does terrorism pay off in Iceland? ''[[The Reykjavik Grapevine]]''. 11 February 2005. Retrieved 15 May 2010.</ref> Onye na-ekwuchitere ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ whale kachasị ukwuu na Iceland gwara The New Yorker na Watson bụ ''onye'' na-adịghị mma na mba ahụ.<ref name="New Yorker">Raffi Khatchadourian, [http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/11/05/071105fa_fact_khatchadourian?currentPage=all "Neptune's Navy: Paul Watson’s wild crusade to save the oceans"], ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 5 November 2007.</ref> Site na mgbapụ ha, Coronado na Howitt enwebeghị ebubo na ha mere ihe ọjọọ na Iceland.  Ha abụọ anabatala ọrụ mana iwu nke mmachi maka omume ahụ agafeela. N'ihi nke a merenụ, International Whaling Commission kagburu ọnọdụ onye na-ekiri oké osimiri Shepherd.  Ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, n'agbanyeghị na ha na-akatọ nguzo Iceland, kewapụrụ onwe ha na atụmatụ ime ihe ike nke Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ nke Oké Osimiri. Otu akụkọ dị na New Yorker kwuru na ọ bụ "omume nbibi nke ọtụtụ ndị nchekwa kwenyere nyere aka gbanwee echiche ọha na eze Iceland megide ihe kpatara ịzọpụta whale"".<ref name="New Yorker"/> Mmeghachi omume mba ụwa dị njọ.<ref name="Derr and McNamar"/> Omume ahụ nwere nkọwa dị iche iche dị ka omume mmebi ihe, omume iyi ọha egwu ma ọ bụ omume ndị isi mgbaka. N'oge ihe omume ahụ, Iceland, Greenpeace International, na ụfọdụ ndị na-akọwa mgbasa ozi na Iceland na North America zoro aka na mmebi ahụ dị ka " iyi ọha egwu" ma ọ bụ " iyi ọha mmadụ".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scientists dispute claims by CNN that Icelandic whalers killed a protected blue whale|url=https://icelandmag.is/article/scientists-dispute-claims-cnn-icelandic-whalers-killed-a-protected-blue-whale|accessdate=2021-12-17|work=Icelandmag|language=en}}</ref><ref>David Israelson, "Killing goes on despite whaling ban", ''[[Toronto Star]]'', 15 November 1986, p. A2.</ref><ref>Frank Jones, "No cause can justify terrorist acts", ''[[Toronto Star]]'', 13 November 1986, p. H1.</ref><ref>"Dockside Terror" (editorial), ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'', 12 November 1986, p. 48.</ref><ref name="Derr and McNamar" /> Coronado zaghachiri na ntụnyere ndị a site n'ikwu na mmebi ahụ bụ "ihe kachasị anya site na iyi ọha egwu" nakwa na igbu whale n'onwe ya bụ iyi ọha egwu.<ref>"Whaling Is Terrorism, Says Environmentalist Accused of Sinkings", [[Associated Press]], 13 November 1986.</ref> N'otu akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada, e depụtakwara ihe omume ahụ dị ka otu n'ime nzọụkwụ mbụ Coronado mere n'ịghọ "ụdị ọhụrụ nke ndị na-eyi ọha egwu" nke gara n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ dị ukwuu maka ikike ụmụ anụmanụ dị ka onye otu Animal Liberation Front.<ref name="gee">Marcus Gee, "A new breed of terrorist fights for the animals: Meet Rodney Coronado: articulate, vegan and violent", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', 5 December 1986, p. A1.</ref> Coronado ajụla akara "onye na-eyi ọha egwu" dị ka "ihe mkpofu", n'ihi na malite na Hvalur sinkings, "ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-elekọta mgbe niile na ọ dịghị onye na-emerụ ahụ site n'omume mmejọ ya".<ref name="gee" /> == Edensibia == 666p8nud5u579bfzxyhodikhuwweqzx 0 28858 692307 496858 2026-07-29T18:59:43Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692307 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Pages using infobox organization with unknown parameters|image_borderAsia Pacific Adaptation Network]] '''Asia Pacific Adaptation Network''' (APAN) bụ mmemme mpaghara nke na-arụ ọrụ na gọọmentị na òtù iji kesaa ihe ọmụma banyere ime mgbanwe ihu igwe na ịkwado mmejuputa usoro mgbanwe.<ref name="Climatelinks">{{Cite web|title=APAN (Asia Pacific Adaptation Network)|url=https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/apan-asia-pacific-adaptation-network|work=Climatelinks|accessdate=20 October 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Food Tank">{{Cite news|title=36 organizations working to reverse climate change.|url=https://foodtank.com/news/2020/10/36-organizations-helping-solve-the-climate-crisis/|accessdate=20 October 2022|work=Food Tank|date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="APAN">{{Cite web|title=ABOUT APAN|url=http://www.asiapacificadapt.net/about-us|work=APAN|accessdate=20 October 2022|archivedate=10 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210165853/https://www.asiapacificadapt.net/about-us}}</ref> APAN guzobere n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2009 site na United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), dị ka akụkụ nke Global Adaptation Network (GAN). A na-ewere APAN dị ka onye isi na-akwalite ihe ọmụma mgbanwe na Eshia na Pacific.<ref name="Alam">{{Cite book|author=Alam|first=Mozaharul|title=Status of Climate Change Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific|date=31 October 2018|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-99347-8|pages=10–11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9p1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|accessdate=20 October 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ADB">{{Cite web|title=7th Asia-Pacific Adaptation Forum|url=https://adb.eventsair.com/7th-asia-pacific-adaptation-forum/|work=Asian Development Bank (ADB)|date=2020|accessdate=20 October 2022}}</ref> APAN na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na òtù gụnyere United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Regional Resource Centre for Asia and the Pacific (RRC).AP) na Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Asian Development Bank (ADB), Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), United States Agency for International Development (USAID) na Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN).<ref name="Climatelinks"/><ref name="UNFCC">{{Cite web|title=Asia Pacific Adaptation Network (APAN)|url=https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Support/Pages/APAN.aspx|work=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)|accessdate=20 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Asia Pacific Adaptation Network Archives|url=https://islandtimes.org/tag/asia-pacific-adaptation-network/|accessdate=20 October 2022|work=Island Times|date=October 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="strengthening">{{Cite web|title=Strengthening the Asia Pacific Adaptation Network|url=https://www.adb.org/projects/44126-012/main|work=Asian Development Bank|accessdate=20 October 2022|language=en|date=20 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|publisher=Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency|title=Shared knowledge provides better Climate Change adaptation - World|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/shared-knowledge-provides-better-climate-change-adaptation|accessdate=20 October 2022|work=ReliefWeb|date=17 Nov 2011|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=USAID Climate change adaptation project preparation facility for Asia and the Pacific (USAID ADAPT ASIA-PACIFIC) Annual Report FY2015 October 1, 2014 – September 30, 2015|date=2015|publisher=United States Agency for International Development|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M1MD.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Adapt Asia-Pacific|url=https://www.climatelinks.org/projects/adapt-asia-pacific|work=Climatelinks|accessdate=20 October 2022|language=en|archivedate=20 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020154641/https://www.climatelinks.org/projects/adapt-asia-pacific}}</ref><ref name="Bulletin">{{Cite news|title=7th Asia-Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Forum 8-12 March 2021|url=https://enb.iisd.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/7_apan_forum_summary_0.pdf|accessdate=20 October 2022|work=APAN Bulletin|publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)|date=15 March 2021|language=en}}</ref> == Ọdịdị nke APAN == Ụlọ ọrụ Regional Hub (RH) bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Asian Institute of Technology - UNEP Regional Resource Centre for Asia-Pacific (AIT- UNEP RRC) kwadoro.AP) na Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) na Bangkok, Thailand. Regional Hub bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emejuputa netwọk ahụ na mpaghara mpaghara (ebe ọ dị mkpa).<ref name="Okayama">{{Cite book|author=Okayama|first=Toshinao|chapter=Asia Pacific Adaptation Network|url=https://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/ap-net/documents/seminar/19th/4-8_IGES_Mr.ToshinaoOkayama.pdf|title=Nineteenth Asia-Pacific Seminar on Climate Change|date=21 July 2010|accessdate=20 October 2022}}</ref> Network nwere ise Sub-Regional Nodes (SRNs) na-ekpuchi mpaghara ise na Asia-Pacific. SRNs bụ òtù ndị ọrụ ha bụ iduzi mmejuputa ọrụ mpaghara nke Network na mmekorita ya na RH na ndị mmekọ mmejupụtara mba.<ref name="Okayama"/> Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2011, APAN's three Thematic Nodes (TNs) lekwasịrị anya na mmiri, ọrụ ugbo na ugwu iji gosipụta ihe ndị dị mkpa nke mpaghara ahụ ma bụrụ ndị otu nwere ọkachamara pụrụ iche na mpaghara ha.<ref name="Trundle">{{Cite journal|author=Trundle|first=Alexei|title=Assessment of Climate Change Risks and Adaptation Options for Secondary Cities in South-western Bangladesh and Central Viet Nam|journal=Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research Newsletter|date=2012|volume=18|issue=4}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Nọmba mpaghara |- |Central Asia - Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) |- |Ebe Ugwu Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia - Mahadum Keio (Keio) |- |Pacific - Secretariat nke Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia - ICLEI-Gọọmentị Obodo maka Nkwado (ICLEI) |- !Nkọwa Isiokwu |- |Mmiri - Global Water Partnership (GWP) |- |Ugwu - International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) |- |Ọrụ ugbo - Ebe Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia Ebe Ọmụmụ na Nnyocha na Ọrụ Ugbo |- |} == Ihe omume == Ebumnuche bụ isi nke APAN bụ ịkwalite ike na nkwado nke usoro mmadụ, gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba n'ihu mgbanwe ihu igwe, site n'ịbawanye ohere maka ihe ọmụma, ego na teknụzụ, ka ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri wee nwee ike ịmepụta ma tinye n'ọrụ iwu mgbanwe, atụmatụ, atụmatụ na usoro.<ref name="Bager">{{Cite book|author=Bager|first=S.L|title=Scaling-Up Climate Action in Agriculture: Identifying Successes and Overcoming Challenges|date=31 May 2017|publisher=Nordic Council of Ministers|isbn=978-92-893-5044-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zM0oDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA113|accessdate=20 October 2022|language=en}}</ref> Usoro a na-agụnye akụkụ dị iche iche nke nkwado:<ref name="UNFCC"/> # Ọgbọ ihe ọmụma, ịkekọrịta na mgbanwe nke ozi metụtara mgbanwe, gụnyere ezigbo omume na nchekwa data na ọkwa niile.<ref name="UNFCC"/> # Iwulite ikike nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nke mba, mpaghara na mpaghara n'okpuru nduzi nke Kọmitii Nchịkwa na nkwado sitere na mpaghara mpaghara mpaghara na mpaghara isiokwu site na nzukọ, nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe, ogbako na ọzụzụ.<ref name="UNFCC" /> # Nkwado ịnweta ego na teknụzụ metụtara mgbanwe.<ref name="UNFCC" /> # Ịmata mkpa, ọdịiche dị na ihe ọmụma na ebe ndị a na-ebute ụzọ site na mpaghara, mpaghara na mba.<ref name="UNFCC" /> # Iwulite njikọ na imekọ ihe ọnụ site na netwọk, atụmatụ, ebe ndị magburu onwe ha, ndị na-enye onyinye, gọọmentị na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="UNFCC" /> == Nsonaazụ ọrụ na mbipụta == A na-eme ka mbipụta nke APAN dị n'ịntanetị, na-akọwa ihe ọmụma a nwetara site na ọrụ ya na mpaghara ahụ iji wulite ikike maka mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Search Publications|url=http://www.asiapacificadapt.net/resource/|work=Asia Pacific Adaptation Network (APAN)|accessdate=20 October 2022|archivedate=20 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020192416/http://www.asiapacificadapt.net/resource/}}</ref> E-communiqué na-agwa ndị nnata banyere ọrụ nke Regional Climate Change Adaptation Knowledge Platform (AKP) maka Eshia na Asia Pacific Adaptation Network.<ref name="TEC">{{Cite book|author=Technology Executive Committee|title=Compilation of good practices|date=2017|publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|location=Bonn, Germany|url=https://unfccc.int/ttclear/misc_/StaticFiles/gnwoerk_static/brief9/a5fbac8997e84fef84a47d81dba46279/3762bead33cd42e989361241cfbb6fc7.PDF}}</ref> Na mbido, APAN mepụtara nchekwa data nke ezigbo omume mgbanwe site na Eshia na Pacific niile na teknụzụ mgbanwe maka mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri site na nyocha nke ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2012, ndị mmekọ APAN kpebiri na ADAPT Asia-Pacific ga-eweghara mmepe nke ikpo okwu ịkekọrịta ihe ọmụma APAN ọhụrụ, iji tinye Resource Library na Database.<ref>{{Cite book|author=AECOM International Development|title=Climate Change Project Preparation Facility for Asia and the Pacific (ADAPT Asia-Pacific) Year One Annual Report (September 27, 2011-September 26, 2012)|date=January 2013|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M1M9.pdf}}</ref> == Ebe a na-eme mgbanwe == Asia Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Forum bụ ihe omume a na-eme kwa afọ nke APAN jikọtara aka hazie. Ọ na-achịkọta ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, academica, gọọmentị, òtù mmepe mba ụwa, ụmụ akwụkwọ, na ndị ọzọ si gburugburu ụwa iji kwurịta mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name="UNFCC"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Strong partnerships for climate resilience at the APAN Asia-Pacific Adaptation Forum|url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/strong-partnerships-climate-resilience-apan-asia-pacific-adaptation-forum|accessdate=20 October 2022|work=UNDP Climate Change Adaptation|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|date=1 October 2014|language=en|archivedate=20 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020175248/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/strong-partnerships-climate-resilience-apan-asia-pacific-adaptation-forum}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} 2c10i7mya6syeo456jy2a7ombtwyvoy 0 30027 692432 687057 2026-07-30T02:35:45Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference error 692432 wikitext text/x-wiki   Igwe ọkụ maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị nkwaga ('''ígwè ọkụ''') bụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ nke na-eji ọrụ kpọmkwem, ikpe, na nkwado iji kwado ikike nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ndị ọrụ na-akwaga mba ọzọ, na ndị lanarịrị ahịa mmadụ na mba Israel. N'asụsụ Hibru, a maara nzukọ ahụ dị ka ndị na-akpọ [[:he:המוקד לפליטים ולמהגרים|ndị]] na-ede akwụkwọ (hamoked l'plitim v l'mehagrim). == Ntọala == N'afọ 1998, onye nta akụkọ Israel bụ [[Einat Fishbain]] na ndị ọrụ ibe ya meghere ekwentị mkpanaaka maka ndị ọrụ na-akwaga mba ọzọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị Israel na-akwụsị, ma bipụta isiokwu banyere ọnọdụ ndị ọrụ na Ha'ir. Ụmụ nwanyị atọ gakwuuru ya, na-ajụ ma ha nwere ike inyere ndị ọrụ na-akwaga mba ọzọ aka, Maazị Fishbain kọwakwara ha.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://hotline.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/20-years-of-acheivements-final-version-Eng.pdf|title=20 Years of Achievements|publisher=hotline.org.il|date=2019|accessdate=2020-03-06}}</ref> Ụmụ nwanyị atọ a gara n'ihu chọta Igwe ọkụ maka ndị na arụ ọrụ nkwaga, nke mechara gbanwee aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Ígwè ọkụ maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị nkwaga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hotline.org.il/en/namechange/|title=Hotline for Refugees and Migrants &#124; We're changing our name!|work=hotline.org.il}}</ref> Ndị ọrụ ìgwè ọkụ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'inweta ikike ịbanye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ ma taa bụ naanị ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nwere ike ịbanye n'ebe ndị na-ekpuchi ndị na-aga mba ọzọ n'Izrel.<ref name="auto" /> == Ọdịdị nzukọ == igwe ọkụ a na-arụ ọrụ ya site na ngalaba atọ: === Ebe Ntinye Aka na Nsogbu === ígwè ọkụ na-enye ndụmọdụ n'efu na nnọchiteanya iwu. A na-enye ọrụ a n'ọfịs ìgwè ọkụ na oriri kwa izu, na ekwentị, na site na nleta n'obodo ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na njide ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ. Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nsogbu ìgwè ọkụ tọhapụrụ ọtụtụ puku ndị mbịarambịa na ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba site na njide kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ.<ref name="auto1" /> === Ngalaba Iwu === Ngalaba iwu nke ìgwè ọkụ na-ekpe ikpe atụmatụ nwere ike imetụta iwu na omume maka obodo dum.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://hotline.org.il/en/activism-en/|title=Hotline for Refugees and Migrants &#124; Our Activism|work=hotline.org.il}}</ref> === Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Iwu Ọha === igwe ọkụ na-eduzi nyocha, ọrụ mgbasa ozi, ihe omume ọha na eze, na nzukọ na ndị metụtara na ndị na-eme mkpebi. Site n'ọrụ a, ha na-etinye aka na nkwado obodo na nke mba ụwa banyere iwu mbata na mmetụta ya, ma maka ndị mbata na ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu. == Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru == * Igbochi nchụpụ a manyere ndị Congo na-achọ ebe mgbaba laghachi na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]] (March 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/interior-minister-delays-planned-deportation-of-congolese-migrants/|title=Interior minister delays planned deportation of Congolese migrants|work=www.timesofisrael.com}}</ref> * Igbochi nchụpụ a manyere ndị Sudanese na [[Eritrea|Eritrean]] na-achọ ebe mgbaba na [[Uganda]] na [[Rwanda]] (Eprel 2018)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/israel-says-it-has-reached-unprecedented-deal-to-resettle-african-migrants-in-the-west/2018/04/02/caf86280-367a-11e8-af3c-2123715f78df_story.html|title=Netanyahu said Israel had a deal to resettle African migrants in the West. Hours later, he suspended it.|first=Adam|author=Taylor|work=Washington Post}}</ref> * Inweta ọnọdụ onye gbara ọsọ ndụ maka onye mbụ na naanị onye gbara ọsọ ọsọ ndụ Darfuri na Israel (June 2016)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/in-first-israel-grants-refugee-status-to-sudanese-asylum-seeker-1.5400448|title=Israel Grants Refugee Status to Sudanese Asylum Seeker for First Time|first=Ilan|author=Lior|date=June 23, 2016|work=Haaretz}}</ref> * Mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu na 5th Anti-Infiltration Law na-egbochi oge njide n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Holot maka ndị mbịarambịa ruo ọnwa 12 (August 2015)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/high-court-mostly-upholds-anti-infiltration-law/|title=Court upholds 'anti-infiltration' law, but limits migrants' detention time|first=Tamar|author=Pileggi|work=www.timesofisrael.com}}</ref> * Enyemaka iwu gọọmentị nyere ndị a na-ere ahịa na ụmụaka na-enweghị onye na-eso ha (2007)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/ministry_of_justice|title=Ministry of Justice|work=GOV.IL}}</ref> * Ịga n'ihu na mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama na iwu ịzụ ahịa nke Israel, nke dugara na ntinye nke Iwu Ịlụso Ịzụ ahịa Mmadụ ọgụ, nke machibidoro ụdị ịzụ ahịa mmadụ niile (June 2006)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/192595.pdf|title=Data for Denmark|publisher=2009-2017.state.gov|date=|accessdate=2020-03-06}}</ref> * Inye ọtụtụ narị ụmụ nke ndị ọrụ na-akwaga mba ọzọ ọnọdụ iwu (June 2006 & August 2010)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4904567|title=PM Vowed to Help Foreign Workers' Kids, but the State Wants to Deport Them|first=Relly|author=Sa'ar|date=May 7, 2006|work=Haaretz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.5152179|title='Israel Doesn't Have the Moral Right to Deport a Single Child'|first=Dana|author=Weiler-Polak|date=July 25, 2010|work=Haaretz}}</ref> * Ikpe iwu na-ebute ụzọ megide ndokwa ọrụ nke na-ejikọta ndị ọrụ na ndị were ha n'ọrụ (March 2006)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4899079|title=Foreign Workers Can Now Switch Employers Without Risking Permit|date=March 31, 2006|work=Haaretz}}</ref> == Akụkọ Nnyocha na Mbipụta == === Akụkọ Nlekọta Mkpọrọ === igwe ọkụ emepụtala akụkọ kwa afọ banyere ọnọdụ dị n'ime ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị mbịarambịa Israel kemgbe afọ 2015. * [https://hotline.org.il/en/immigrationdetentionmonitoring2018/ 2018 Nlekọta Nlekọta Nchịkọta] * [https://hotline.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/WEB-Eng-HRM-Prison-Monitoring-Report-2017-Final.pdf Akụkọ Nlekọta Nchịkwa nke 2017] * [https://hotline.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/דוח-שנתי-באנגלית-2016-אינטרנט.pdf 2016 Nlekọta Nlekọta Nchịkọta] * [https://hotline.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/דוח-שנתי-2015-באנגלית-לאינטרנט.pdf Akụkọ Nlekọta Mkpọrọ nke 2015] === Akụkọ na mbipụta ndị ọzọ === * A Means To An End: Mmebi nke ikike ọrụ site na ụlọ ọrụ nkwekọrịta mba ọzọ na Israel (March 2020) nke ya na Kav LaOved dere * Ndị a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ: Ndị Sudan lanarịrị ịta ahụhụ na Sinai (February 2020) * [https://hotline.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/HRM-20-Years-Detention-ENG-Web.pdf Afọ 20 nke Mkpọrọ Mkpọrọ na Israel] (December 2019) * [https://hotline.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/20-years-of-acheivements-final-version-Eng.pdf Afọ 20 nke Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ] (November 2019) * In Broad Daylight - The Deposit Law: Implementation and Impact (May 2019) nke e dere na Kav LaOved * [https://hotline.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Eng-Web-Municipalities-Guide-2018-2.pdf Ntuziaka maka] ijikọ ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba (December 2018) * Ịnọ n'ahịrị: Ahịrị n'ọfịs PIBA na Bnei Brak na mbido 2018 (December 2018) * Ị gaghị emegbu ya: Afọ iri kemgbe e wepụtara usoro njikọta ezinụlọ maka ndị na-eme ihe ike n'ụlọ (Nọvemba 2018) nke e dere na Israel Religious Action Center * [https://hotline.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Eng-Web-RSD-Report-HRM-17Oct2018.pdf Ịda] n'Ụdị ntị chiri: Usoro mgbaba na Israel (Ọktoba 2018) * "Ọ dị mma ka ụlọ mkpọrọ na Israel karịa ịnwụ n'ụzọ:" akaebe nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ hapụrụ Israel gaa Rwanda na Uganda ma nweta nchebe na Europe (Jenụwarị 2018) * "Site na Hidden Corridors" Omume ọhụrụ na ịzụ ahịa mmadụ nke na-erigbu usoro ịgba ọsọ ndụ na Israel (September 2017) * "Knocking at the Gate" - Enweghị ike ịnweta usoro mgbaba n'ihi mbata nke ndị na-achọ ọrụ si [[Yukrain|Ukraine]] na Georgia (September 2017) * "Ị ga-enwe otu iwu" - Njide nchịkwa nke ndị na-achọ ebe mgbaba metụtara ọrụ mpụ (September 2017) * [https://hotline.org.il/en/publication/caregivers-from-eastern-europe/ Ndị na-elekọta ndị si n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe] (Jenụwarị 2017) == Onyinye == * Ihe nrite nke ikike mmadụ nke New Israel Fund nyere na afọ(2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newisraelfund.org.uk/hrad2018/|title=New Israel Fund – Human Rights Awards Dinner 2018|work=newisraelfund.org.uk}}</ref> * Ihe nrite mba maka ịlụso ahia ahia na ndi mmadu nke President Shimon Peres gosiputara (2009)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hotline.org.il/en/human-trafficking-en/|title=Hotline for Refugees and Migrants &#124; Human Trafficking|work=hotline.org.il}}</ref> * Emil Grunzweig Human Rights Award nke Association for Civil Rights in Israel nyere (2001)<ref>The Association For Civil Rights in Israel. </ref> == Ndemsibia == {{Reflist}} 4x1h0ddoa881ge6kw9vnk1jb8rofg69 0 30492 692456 126324 2026-07-30T06:48:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692456 wikitext text/x-wiki   {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" | class="sidebar-pretitle" |Part of [[:Category:Emotions|a series]] on |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" |[[Emotion|Emotions]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |[[File:Plutchik-wheel.svg|91x91px]][[File:Plutchik_Dyads.svg|90x90px]] |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="hlist"> * [[Affect (psychology)|Affect]] * [[Emotion classification|Classification]] * [[Emotion in animals|In animals]] * [[Emotional intelligence]] * [[Mood (psychology)|Mood]] * <br /><br /><br /><br />[[Emotional regulation|Regulation]] ** [[Interpersonal emotion regulation|Interpersonal]] ** [[Emotional dysregulation|Dysregulation]] * <br /><br /><br /><br />[[Valence (psychology)|Valence]] </div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Emotions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> * [[Acceptance]] * [[Admiration]] * [[Affection]] * [[Amusement]] * [[Anger]] * [[Angst]] * [[Anguish]] * [[Annoyance]] * [[Anticipation]] * [[Anxiety]] * [[Apathy]] * [[Arousal]] * [[Awe]] * [[Boredom]] * [[Confidence]] * [[Confusion]] * [[Contempt]] * [[Contentment]] * [[Courage]] * [[Curiosity]] * [[Depression (mood)|Depression]] * [[Desire]] * [[Disappointment]] * [[Disgust]] * [[Distrust]] * [[Doubt]] * [[Ecstasy (emotion)|Ecstasy]] * [[Elevation (emotion)|Elevation]] * [[Embarrassment]] * [[Emotional detachment|Emotional Detachment]] * [[Empathy]] * [[Enthusiasm]] * [[Envy]] * [[Euphoria]] * [[Faith]] * [[Fear]] * [[Frustration]] * [[Gratification]] * [[Gratitude]] * [[Greed]] * [[Grief]] * [[Guilt (emotion)|Guilt]] * [[Happiness]] * [[Hatred]] * [[Hope]] * [[Horror and terror|Horror]] * [[Hostility]] * [[Humiliation]] * [[Interest (emotion)|Interest]] * [[Jealousy]] * [[Joy]] * [[Kindness]] * [[Limerence]] * [[Loneliness]] * [[Love]] * [[Lust]] * [[Nostalgia]] * [[Outrage (emotion)|Outrage]] * [[Panic]] * [[Passion (emotion)|Passion]] * [[Pity]] * [[Pleasure]] * [[Pride]] * [[Rage (emotion)|Rage]] * [[Regret]] * [[Social rejection|Rejection]] * [[Relief (emotion)|Relief]] * [[Remorse]] * [[Resentment]] * [[Sadness]] * [[Saudade]] * [[Schadenfreude]] * [[Self-pity]] * [[Shame]] * [[Acute stress disorder|Shock]] * [[Shyness]] * [[Social connection]] * [[Sorrow (emotion)|Sorrow]] * [[Suffering]] * [[Surprise (emotion)|Surprise]] * [[Suspicion (emotion)|Suspicion]] * [[Trust (social science)|Trust]] * [[Wonder (emotion)|Wonder]] * [[Worry]] </div></div></div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} [[Usòrò:SaturdayEveningPost30Aug1924.jpg|thumb| Onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndekọ nke The Saturday Evening Post kwuru na a na-ewere magazin ahụ dị ka "mgwakọta nke nostalgia na mmetụta ịhụnanya".<ref name="InsideIndBus_20210706">{{Cite news|author=Mills|first=Wes|title=''Saturday Evening Post'' Celebrates 200 Years|url=https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/saturday-evening-post-celebrates-200-years|work=Inside Indiana Business|date=July 6, 2021}}</ref> E gosipụtara: mkpuchi Norman Rockwell site na August 1924.]] Nostalgia bụ mmetụta uche maka oge gara aga, ọ na-abụkarị maka oge ma ọ bụ ebe nwere mkpakọrịta ndị nwere obi ụtọ.[1]  Okwu nostalgia bụ ihe amụtara ahazi nke ogige Greek, nke nwere νόστος (nóstos), nke pụtara “ịbịa n’ụlọ”, okwu Homeric, na ἄλγος (álgos), nke pụtara “mwute” ma ọ bụ “obi nkoropụ”, nke 17 mebere ya.  nwa akwụkwọ ahụike na narị afọ nke narị afọ iji kọwaa nchegbu nke ndị ahịa Switzerland na-alụ ọgụ site n'ebe obibi ha.[2]  Akọwapụtara dị ka ọnọdụ ahụike—ụdị nke melancholy—n'oge Early Modern, [3] ọ ghọrọ ihe dị mkpa na Romanticism.<ref name="boym">{{Cite book|author=Boym|first=Svetlana|authorlink=Svetlana Boym|title=The Future of Nostalgia|publisher=[[Basic Books]]|year=2002|pages=xiii–xiv|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7BbTJ6qVPMcC|isbn=978-0-465-00708-0}}</ref> A na-ejikọta ncheta na agụụ maka oge gara aga, àgwà ya, ohere ya, na ihe omume ya, ọkachasị "ụbọchị ndị dị mma" ma ọ bụ "oge nwata dị ọkụ".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sedikides|first=Constantine|title=Nostalgia: Past, Present, and Future|journal=Current Directions in Psychological Science|date=October 2008|volume=17|issue=5|pages=304–307|doi=10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00595.x|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/66285/1/Sedikides_Wildschut_Arndt__Routeldge_2008.doc}}</ref> E nwere predisposition, nke na-esite na echiche dị iche iche dị ka retrospection rosy, maka ndị mmadụ ile ihe gara aga anya nke ọma na ọdịnihu nke ọma.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rZk6DwAAQBAJ&dq=Oxford%20declinist&pg=PA90 ''The Oxford Dictionary of American Political Slang''] edited by Grant Barrett, p. 90.</ref><ref name="The Guardian">{{Cite news|author=Etchells|first=Pete|title=Declinism: is the world actually getting worse?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/head-quarters/2015/jan/16/declinism-is-the-world-actually-getting-worse|accessdate=20 December 2016|work=The Guardian|date=January 16, 2015}}</ref> Mgbe a na-etinye ya na nkwenye mmadụ banyere [[Ȯgbà|ọha mmadụ]] ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ, a na-akpọ nke a declinism, nke a kọwara dị ka "aghụghọ nke uche" na dị ka "atụmatụ mmetụta uche, ihe na-akasi obi iji mee ka ọ dị ala mgbe ụbọchị a yiri ihe na-adịghị mma. "<ref name="The Telegraph">{{Cite news|author=Lewis|first=Jemima|title=Why we yearn for the good old days|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/11349364/Why-we-yearn-for-the-good-old-days.html|accessdate=20 December 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=January 16, 2016}}</ref> akwụkwọ ndị sayensị na-ekwu banyere agụụ agụụ na-ezokarị aka n'ife efe gbasara ndụ mmadụ ma bụrụkwa nke amụbaala mmetụta nke agụụ agụụ mmekọahụ dị ka a kpalitere n'oge ọmụmụ ihe ndị a.  Mmetụta mmetụta bụ ihe na-akpali akpali nke nostalgia n'ihi nhazi nke ihe mkpali ndị a na-ebu ụzọ na-agafe amygdala, oche mmetụta uche nke ụbụrụ.  Ihe ncheta ndị a nke oge gara aga na-abụkarị ihe omume dị mkpa, ndị mmadụ na-eche banyere ha, na ebe mmadụ nọrọla oge.  Ihe omume omenala dị ka egwu, ihe nkiri [1], ihe nkiri telivishọn, [2] na egwuregwu vidiyo, [3] yana ihe ndị sitere n'okike dị ka ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi[4] nwekwara ike bụrụ ihe na-akpalite agụụ mmekọahụ.<ref name="psychologytoday.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/mental-mishaps/201105/music-evoked-nostalgia|title=Music-Evoked Nostalgia}}</ref><ref name="nelakonda">{{Cite web|author=Nelakonda|first=Divya|title=Binging on nostalgia – why we replay TV from our youth|url=https://lhsepic.com/2446/in-depth/binging-on-nostalgia-why-we-replay-tv-from-our-youth/|accessdate=2022-01-14|work=the Epic}}</ref><ref name="weather">{{Cite journal|date=2012-12-04|title=Study: Nostalgia Makes Us Warm, and Cold Makes Us Nostalgic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/12/study-nostalgia-makes-us-warm-and-cold-makes-us-nostalgic/265852/|journal=The Atlantic}}</ref> == Ọrụ ya == Nkọwa Nostalgia agbanweela nke ukwuu ka oge na-aga. N'ikwekọ na mgbọrọgwụ okwu Grik ya nke pụtara "ịlaghachi n'ụlọ" na "ihe mgbu", a na-ewere nostalgia dị ka ọnọdụ ahụike nwere ike imebi ma na-egbu egbu mgbe ụfọdụ na-egosipụta agụụ ụlọ siri ike. Echiche nke oge a bụ na nostalgia bụ mmetụta kwụụrụ onwe ya, na ọbụna nke dị mma, nke ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-enwekarị. Achọpụtara na Nostalgia nwere ọrụ dị mkpa nke uche, dị ka imeziwanye ọnọdụ, ịbawanye njikọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ịkwalite ùgwù onwe onye dị mma, na inye ihe ọ pụtara.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wildschut|first=Tim|title=Nostalgia: Content, triggers, functions|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|date=2006|volume=91|issue=5|pages=975–993|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.975|pmid=17059314|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/40445/2/40445.pdf}}</ref> Ọtụtụ echiche nostalgic na-arụ ọrụ karịa otu ọrụ, ma n'ozuzu ya yiri ka ọ na-abara ndị na-ahụ ha uru. Uru ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike iduga n'àgwà na-adịghị ala ala ma ọ bụ àgwà nke "nchekwa nke nostalgia".<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Nostalgia for early experience as a determinant of consumer preferences|journal=Psychology and Marketing|date=2003-04-01|issn=1520-6793|pages=275–302|volume=20|issue=4|doi=10.1002/mar.10074|language=en|first=Robert M.|author=Schindler}}</ref> A na-ejikọkwa anya na mmụta na ncheta.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oba K.|title=Memory and reward systems coproduce 'nostalgic' experiences in the brain|journal=Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience|date=2015-06-04|volume=11|issue=7|pages=1069–1077|doi=10.1093/scan/nsv073|pmid=26060325|language=en}}</ref> === Imeziwanye ọnọdụ === Ọ bụ ezie na mmetụta na-adịghị mma na-akpalitekarị agụụ mmekọahụ, ọ na-ebute mmụba ọnọdụ mmadụ na ime ka mmetụta dị mma dịkwuo elu, bụ́ nke pụrụ ịpụta site na mmetụta nke ikpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ mmegide nke sitere n'echiche na-enweghị isi.  Otu ụzọ isi meziwanye ọnọdụ obi bụ imeri nsogbu ndị na-egbochi mmadụ inwe obi ụtọ nke ọma.  Batcho (2013) chọpụtara na ọ na-enwe mmasị n'ọchịchọ nke ọma metụtara ụzọ ịga nke ọma nke ịnagide usoro niile-atụmatụ na mmejuputa atumatu, na imezi okwu ahụ nke ọma.  Ọmụmụ ihe ndị a mere ka nkwubi okwu ahụ bụ na usoro mmegide nke nwere ike ịdị n'etiti ndị na-enwekarị agụụ na-ebutekarị uru n'oge oge nrụgide.  Enwere ike ijikọ Nostalgia na itinyekwu uche na atụmatụ ịnagide ya na itinye ha n'ọrụ, si otú a na-abawanye nkwado n'oge ihe ịma aka.<ref>Batcho, K. I. (2013). "Nostalgia: Retreat or support in difficult times?" ''The American Journal of Psychology'',</ref> === Mmekọrịta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya === Nostalgia na-agụnyekwa mgbe ụfọdụ icheta ndị mmadụ nọ ya nso, ya mere ọ pụrụ ime ka mmadụ nwekwuo mmetụta nke nkwado na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.  A na-ebutekwa nostalgia kpọmkwem site na mmetụta nke owu ọmụma, mana ọ na-emegide mmetụta dị otú ahụ site na ngosipụta nke mmekọrịta chiri anya.  Dị ka Zhou et al.  (2008), ndị owu na-ama na-enwekarị echiche dị nta banyere nkwado mmadụ.  Otú ọ dị, owu ọmụma na-eduga ná nhụsianya, nke na-amụba n'ezie echiche nke nkwado mmadụ.  Ya mere, Zhou na ndị ọrụ ibe (2008) kwubiri na agụụ mmekọahụ na-arụ ọrụ mweghachi maka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu gbasara njikọ mmekọrịta ha.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zhou|first=X.|year=2008|title=Counteracting loneliness: On the restorative function of nostalgia|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/63844/1/Zhou_et_al__2008.pdf|journal=Psychological Science|volume=19|issue=10|pages=1023–1029|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02194.x|pmid=19000213}}</ref> === Ịchekwa ihe nketa ọdịbendị === [[Usòrò:Tweed_run_20130413_180.jpg|thumb|Tweed run, 2013]] Nostalgia na-eje ozi dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali maka ichekwa ihe nketa ọdịbendị ndị mmadụ. Ndị mmadụ na-agba mbọ ichekwa ụlọ, ọdịdị ala, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ihi agụụ maka oge gara aga. Ọchịchọ ijikọ ihe nketa ha site n'ọchịchọ gara aga na-akpali ha.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Caves|first=Roger W.|date=2005|title=Encyclopedia of the City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xrD1iuM_2LgC|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415252256}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Tanselle|first=George Thomas|date=1998|title=Literature and Artifacts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GhjhAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia|isbn=9781883631062}}</ref> Nke a nwere ike igosi na ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ihe ngosi akụkọ ihe mere mere eme, nke na-ejikọta ndị mmadụ na-enwe ọchịchọ maka oge akụkọ ihe mere anya nke oge gara aga. Ihe omume ndị a na-arụ ọrụ aka, ọdịdị improvisational na-emekarị ka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dị mfe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eventplan.co.uk/page29.html|title=A Brief History of Re-enactment|author=Howard Giles|accessdate=2023-09-28|archivedate=2013-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918061607/http://eventplan.co.uk/page29.html}}</ref> === Ịbawanye ùgwù onwe onye === Nostalgia na-eje ozi dị ka usoro mmegide na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka inwe mmetụta dị mma banyere onwe ha.  Vess et al.  (2012) chọpụtara na isiokwu ndị na-eche echiche nke nostalgic echeta gosiri ukwuu accessibility nke nti àgwà karịa ndị chere na-akpali akpali n'ọdịnihu ahụmahụ.  Na mgbakwunye, n'ime ọmụmụ ihe nke abụọ emere, ụfọdụ ndị sonyere kpugheere itinye aka na ntụgharị uche na-enweghị atụ ebe ndị nke ọzọ anọghị.  Ndị nchọpụta ahụ lere anya ọzọ na njirimara onwe ha wee chọpụta na ndị na-eso ụzọ ndị na-adịghị ekpughe ahụmahụ ndị na-enweghị isi gosipụtara ụkpụrụ nke ịchọ ọdịmma onwe onye na ọdịmma onwe onye.  Vess et al.  (2012), Otú ọ dị, chọpụtara na mmetụta a ebelatawo ma bụrụ nke na-adịchaghị ike n'etiti ndị sonyere na-etinye aka na ntụgharị uche.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vess|first=M.|year=2012|title=Nostalgia as a resource for the self|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/341148/1/Vess_et_al.%252C_2012%252C_Self_and_Identity.eprints.doc|journal=Self and Identity|volume=11|issue=3|pages=273–284|doi=10.1080/15298868.2010.521452}}</ref> === Inye ihe ịdị adị pụtara === Nostalgia na-enyere aka ịbawanye ùgwù onwe onye na ihe ọ pụtara na ndụ site na igbochi egwu maka ọdịmma nakwa site na ịmalite ọchịchọ ịnagide nsogbu ma ọ bụ nrụgide. Routledge (2011) na ndị ọrụ ibe ya chọpụtara na nostalgia nwere njikọ dị mma na mmetụta mmadụ nwere ihe ọ pụtara na ndụ. Nnyocha nke abụọ kpughere na nostalgia na-eme ka ihe mmadụ na-eche na ọ pụtara na ndụ, nke a na-eche ka ọ bụ mmetụta nke nkwado ma ọ bụ njikọ. Nke atọ, ndị na-eme nchọpụta chọpụtara na ihe na-eyi egwu nwere ike ọbụna ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-akpali nostalgia, si otú a na-eme ka echiche nostalgic nke mmadụ na-abawanye. Site n'ịkpali nostalgia, Otú ọ dị, a na-ebelata nchebe mmadụ na egwu dị otú ahụ dị ka achọtara na nyocha nke anọ. Nnyocha abụọ ikpeazụ chọpụtara na nostalgia nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ịmepụta ihe ọ pụtara kamakwa na-egbochi egwu maka ihe ọ pụtara site na imebi njikọ dị n'etiti enweghị ihe ọ pụtara na ọdịmma mmadụ. Nnyocha ndị ọzọ Routledge rụzuru na 2012 ọ bụghị naanị na ha chọtara ihe ọ pụtara dị ka ọrụ nke nostalgia, kamakwa kwubiri na ndị nostalgic nwere ihe ọ pụtara karịa, chọọ ihe ọ pụtara obere, ma nwee ike igbochi egwu dị adị.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Routledge|first=C.|year=2011|title=The past makes the present meaningful: Nostalgia as an existential resource|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/183875/1/Routledget_et_al._2011%25252C_JPSP%2520%25282%2529.doc|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|volume=101|issue=3|pages=638–652|doi=10.1037/a0024292|pmid=21787094}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Routledge|first=C.|year=2012|title=The power of the past: Nostalgia as a meaning-making resource|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/341658/1/Routledge%252C_Wildschut%252C_Sedikides%252C_Juhl%252C_%2526_Arndt%252C_2012_Memory.eprints.docx|journal=Memory|volume=20|issue=5|pages=452–460|doi=10.1080/09658211.2012.677452|pmid=22639901}}</ref> === TỊkwalite uto nke uche === Nostalgia na-eme ka ndị mmadụ dịkwuo njikere itinye aka n'omume na-eto eto ma gbaa ha ume ile onwe ha anya dị ka ndị na-etolite etolite. Baldwin & Landau (2014) chọpụtara na nostalgia na-eduga ndị mmadụ ịhazi onwe ha karịa ihe dịka "Abụ m ụdị onye na-anabata ndị mmadụ na-amaghị, ihe omume, na ebe". Nostalgia mụbakwara mmasị n'omume metụtara uto dịka "M ga-achọ ịchọpụta ebe m na-enwetụbeghị mbụ". N'ime nnyocha mbụ, mmetụta ndị a sitere na mmetụta dị mma nke nostalgia - ókè nostalgia mere ka ndị sonyere nwee mmetụta dị mma. N'ime nnyocha nke abụọ, nostalgia dugara n'otu nsonaazụ uto ahụ mana mmetụta ahụ sitere na ùgwù onwe onye nke nostalgia kpatara.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Baldwin|first=M.|year=2014|title=Exploring nostalgia's influence on psychological growth|journal=Self and Identity|volume=13|issue=2|pages=162–177|doi=10.1080/15298868.2013.772320}}</ref> === Dị ka aghụghọ === Otu nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-akatọ echiche nke nostalgia, nke n'ụdị ụfọdụ nwere ike ịghọ usoro nchebe nke ndị mmadụ na-ezere eziokwu akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>Hook, D.(2012) "Screened history: Nostalgia as defensive formation." ''Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology'', Vol 18(3), Aug, 2012. Special issue: ''Of Narratives and Nostalgia''. pp. 225–239</ref> Nnyocha a lere anya n'ihe ngosi dị iche iche nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Africa ma kwuo na nostalgia na-apụta dị ka ụzọ abụọ, 'ncheta na-eweghachi' ọchịchọ ịlaghachi n'oge gara aga, na 'nchekwa na-atụgharị uche' nke maara nke ọma.<ref name="Boym, S. 2001">Boym, S. (2001). The future of nostalgia. New York, NY: Basic Books</ref> === Dị ka nkasi obi === Ịlaghachi n'ihe ncheta gara aga nwere ike inye nkasi obi ma nye aka na ahụike uche.<ref name="NYT7813">{{Cite news|title=What Is Nostalgia Good For? Quite a Bit, Research Shows|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/09/science/what-is-nostalgia-good-for-quite-a-bit-research-shows.html|accessdate=July 9, 2013|work=The New York Times|date=July 8, 2013|author=John Tierney}}</ref> Otu nnyocha ahụike a ma ama n'oge na-adịbeghị anya elewo anya na mmetụta ahụike nke iche echiche banyere ncheta 'ezi' gara aga nwere ike inwe. Ha chọpụtara na iche echiche banyere oge gara aga 'n'ụzọ dị mma' n'ezie mere ka a mara na ọ dị mma.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1037/a0027236|volume=12|title=Heartwarming memories: Nostalgia maintains physiological comfort.|journal=Emotion|pages=678–684|author=Zhou|first=Xinyue|year=2012|issue=4|pmid=22390713}}</ref> === Dị ka ngwá ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị === N'ime nnyocha nke Routledge mere n'afọ 2014, ya na otu ndị otu ya chọpụtara na ka ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-akọ na ha nwere nnukwu nsogbu na ejighị n'aka na ndụ ha, ka ha na-achọsi ike maka oge gara aga. Routledge na-atụ aro na site n'ịkpọtụrụ echiche nke ihe gara aga, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere ike ịkpali nchegbu na ejighị n'aka nke na-eme ka nostalgia bụrụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị - ma dị irè - dị ka ngwá ọrụ nke nkwenye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=C.|author=Sedikides|year=2015|title=Nostalgia counteracts self-discontinuity and restores self-continuity|journal=European Journal of Social Psychology|volume=45|issue=1|pages=52–61|doi=10.1002/ejsp.2073|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/375020/1/__filestore.soton.ac.uk_users_gg_mydocuments_constantine%2520publications%2520pdf%2527s_2015_Sedikides_et_al-2015-European_Journal_of_Social_Psychology.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Routledge|first=Clay|title=Approach With Caution: Nostalgia Is a Potent Political Agent|date=October 31, 2017|work=Undark Magazine|url=https://undark.org/article/nostalgia-power-politics-trump/}}</ref> == Ihe kpatara ya == === Omenala === ==== Akwụkwọ ==== Mmadụ nwere ike ịkpachara anya kpalie mmetụta nke nostalgia site n'ige egwu ọ maara, ile foto ochie anya, ma ọ bụ ileta gburugburu ebe dị jụụ nke oge gara aga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.neurologytimes.com/blog/brain-and-nostalgia|title=The Brain and Nostalgia|accessdate=2023-09-28|archivedate=2020-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515190426/https://www.neurologytimes.com/blog/brain-and-nostalgia}}</ref> Site na ihe ọmụma a dị n'ọtụtụ ebe, e bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ kpọmkwem iji mee ka mmetụta nke nostalgia. ==== Egwú ==== Ịnụrụ abụ ochie nwere ike iweghachi ncheta maka mmadụ. Abụ a nụrụ otu ugboro n'otu oge ma ghara ịnụ ya ọzọ ruo mgbe ụbọchị ga-eme ka onye na-ege ntị nwee mmetụta nke nostalgia maka ụbọchị a na-echeta na ihe omume ndị mere mgbe ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na a nụ ya n'oge ndụ ya niile, ọ nwere ike ịhapụ njikọ ya na oge ma ọ bụ ahụmịhe ọ bụla.<ref name="psychologytoday.com"/> ==== Ihe nkiri ==== Ihe nkiri ochie nwere ike ịkpata nostalgia. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa maka ọgbọ ndị toro dị ka ụmụaka n'oge ụfọdụ ihe nkiri dịka mmeghachi omume animation nke afọ 1990. Ikiri ihe nkiri ochie nwere ike ịbụ ọgwụgwọ na okike, na-agwọ ọnyá mmetụta uche site na iji ncheta obi ụtọ nke nwata.<ref name="nelakonda"/> ==== Ihe ngosi TV ==== Ihe ngosi telivishọn ochie nwere ike ịkpata nostalgia. Ndị mmadụ na-adọrọ mmasị n'ihe ngosi ha na-ele mgbe ha bụ ụmụaka, ebe ọ bụ na ihe ncheta site na ntorobịa na-abụkarị ihe kachasị mkpa na ndụ ha.<ref name="nelakonda"/> ==== Egwuregwu vidio ==== Egwuregwu vidio ochie nwere ike ịkpata nostalgia. Retrogaming aghọwo ihe ntụrụndụ n'etiti ndị okenye na-egwu ha mgbe ha bụ ụmụaka. === Gburugburu ebe obibi === Ihe ndị sitere n'okike dịka ihu igwe na okpomọkụ nwere ike ịkpata nostalgia. Nnyocha sayensị egosila na ihu igwe oyi na-eme ka ndị mmadụ nwee agụụ, ebe agụụ na-eme na ndị mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta dị ọkụ.<ref name="weather"/> N'obodo ụfọdụ, ihe ndị sitere n'okike na-akpatakarị nostalgia maka oge gara aga mgbe okike rụrụ ọrụ dị ukwuu na ọdịbendị.<ref>{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-17383-2_21|chapter=The Role of Nature in the Nostalgic Experience of the Japanese|author=William J. Havlena & Susan L. Holak|title=Proceedings of the 1998 Multicultural Marketing Conference|date=2015|publisher=Springer|series=Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science|pages=128–134|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-17383-2_21|isbn=978-3-319-17382-5}}</ref> Onye ọkà ihe ọmụma gburugburu ebe obibi Glenn Albrecht chepụtara okwu 'solastalgia' n'akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2003 Solastalgia: echiche ọhụrụ na ahụike na njirimara mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Solastalgia: a new concept in human health and identity|author=Albrecht, G.|date=2005|publisher=PAN Partners|oclc=993784860}}</ref> Okwu a sitere na Latin sōlācium (nkasi obi) na mgbọrọgwụ Grik bụ Sãoλγος (ihe mgbu, nhụjuanya) iji kọwaa ụdị nsogbu mmetụta uche ma ọ bụ nke ịdị adị nke mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi kpatara. Nostalgia dị iche na solastalgia n'ihi na nostalgia na-esikarị na nkewa nke ebe dị mkpa ma ọ bụ ndị mmadụ (ụlọ mmadụ, ezinụlọ mmadụ, ma ọ bụ onye ọ hụrụ n'anya) nke ọ ga-ekwe omume, na ụkpụrụ, ịmekọrịta ọzọ. Na solastalgia, n'ụzọ dị iche, iru uju na-abụkarị mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi, yabụ nkewa dị n'etiti isiokwu na ihe bụ ontological kama nke oghere: ọ bụ nke na-adịgide adịgide na nke a na-apụghị ịgafe agafe, a pụkwara ịnwale ya mgbe ị na-aga n'ihu na-ebi n'otu ebe ahụ a na-enweghị ngwọta. == Akụkụ ndị ọzọ == === Dị ka ọnọdụ ahụike === [[Usòrò:La_Laitemaire.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ala ime obodo na Vaud, [[Switzerland]]. Okwu ahụ bụ "nostalgia" na mbụ na-ezo aka n'ịchụsi ike nke ndị ọrụ akwụ ụgwọ Switzerland nwere.]] Okwu a sitere n'aka Johannes Hofer (1669-1752) na 1688 na edemede ya na Basel. Hofer webatara ''nostalgia'' ma ọ bụ mal du pays "ụjọ ụlọ" maka ọnọdụ a makwaara dị ka mal du Suisse "''ọrịa Switzerland''", n'ihi na ọ na-apụta ugboro ugboro na ndị mercenaries Switzerland bụ ndị nọ na mbara ala [[Switzerland]] na-achọ ọdịdị ala ha. A na-eche na mgbaàmà na-agụnye ịda mbà, oke ahụ ọkụ, na ọnwụ. Nchọgharị ụlọ n'asụsụ Bekee bụ ntụgharị mgbazinye nke ''nostalgia''. Sir Joseph Banks jiri okwu ahụ mee ihe na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'oge njem mbụ nke Captain Cook. N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1770 o kwuru na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ "agazi n'ebe dị anya na agụụ maka ụlọ nke ndị dọkịta gara ruo n'ókè nke ịkwanyere ọrịa n'okpuru aha Nostalgia ùgwù", mana ebipụtaghị akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'oge ndụ ya.<ref>[[John Beaglehole|Beaglehole, J. C.]] (ed.). The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks 1768–1771, Public Library of New South Wales/Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1962, vol. ii, p.&nbsp;145</ref> A maara ikpe ndị na-akpata ọnwụ ma na-agwọ ndị agha mgbe ụfọdụ nke ọma site n'ịtọhapụ ha ma zigara ha n'ụlọ. Otú ọ dị, a na-ewere ịnata nchọpụta dị ka mkparị. Na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-achọ ebe nostalgia, ọkpụkpụ nostalgic. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1850, nostalgia na-efunahụ ọnọdụ ya dị ka otu ọrịa ma na-abịa ịhụ ya dị ka mgbaàmà ma ọ bụ ọkwa nke usoro ọrịa. A na-ewere ya dị ka ụdị melancholia na ọnọdụ na-akpata igbu onwe n'etiti igbu onwe. Otú ọ dị, a ka na-achọpụta Nostalgia n'etiti ndị agha ruo n'oge [[Agha Obodo America]].<ref>Wisconsin Public Radio, ''To the Best of Our Knowledge'', "Svetlana Boym on Nostalgia", 2002 November 3</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1870, mmasị na nostalgia dị ka ngalaba ahụike fọrọ nke nta ka ọ pụọ kpamkpam. A ka na-amata Nostalgia na Agha Ụwa nke Mbụ na [[World War II|nke Abụọ]], ọkachasị site n'aka ndị agha America. E were ogologo oge iji mụọ ma ghọta ọnọdụ iji gbochie ndị agha na-ahapụ n'ihu n'ìgwè (lee ihe ngosi BBC Century of the Self). Nostalgia na-akpata ihe na-echetara onye ọ bụla ihe omume ma ọ bụ ihe site n'oge gara aga. Mmetụta a na-enweta nwere ike ịdịgasị iche site na obi ụtọ ruo iru uju. A na-ejikarị okwu ahụ bụ "inwe mmetụta nostalgic" akọwa mmetụta na-atọ ụtọ metụtara na / ma ọ bụ ọchịchọ ịlaghachi n'otu oge. === Ịhụnanya === A na-ejikọta nostalgia Switzerland na ịbụ abụ nke Kuhreihen, nke a machibidoro ndị mercenaries Switzerland n'ihi na ha dugara na ''nostalgia'' ruo n'ókè nke ịgbahapụ, ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọnwụ. Dictionnaire de Musique nke 1767 nke Jean-Jacques Rousseau na-ekwu na a na-eyi ndị mercenaries Switzerland egwu na ntaramahụhụ siri ike iji gbochie ha ịbụ abụ Switzerland ha. Ọ ghọrọ ihe dị ka ihe a ma ama n'akwụkwọ Romantic, na ihe ndị dị na uri ''Der Schweizer'' nke Achim von Arnim (1805) na Clemens Brentano's ''Des Knaben Wunderhorn'' (1809) yana na opera Le Chalet nke Adolphe ''Charles'' Adam (1834) nke emere maka Queen Victoria n'okpuru aha The Swiss Cottage . Njikọ ịhụnanya nke ''nostalgia'', bụ ihe dị mkpa na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi maka Switzerland na mmepe nke njem nleta mbụ na Switzerland nke jidere ndị isi ọdịbendị Europe na narị afọ nke 19. Romanticism German mepụtara ihe megidere ''Heimweh'', ''Fernweh'' "oké ọrịa," "na-achọsi ike ịnọ n'ebe dị anya," dị ka agụụ ''ịgagharị'' na-egosipụta ọchịchọ ịhụnanya maka njem na nyocha. === N'ikwu okwu na nkwurịta okwu === A na-amụkarị Nostalgia dị ka ngwá ọrụ nke okwu na nkwenye. Onye ọkà mmụta nkwurịta okwu Stephen Depoe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-ede na ozi nostalgic: "onye ọkà okwu na-eme ka ntụnyere dị n'etiti ihe dị mma, nke e chepụtara echepụta na nke na-adịchaghị mma ugbu a iji kpalie [nostalgia]. . . [ịgwakọta] iwu nke ya na àgwà nke ihe e chepụtara n'oge gara aga iji mee ka nkwado" (179).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Depoe|first=Stephen|title=Requiem for Liberalism: The Therapeutic and Deliberative Functions of Nostalgic Appeals in Edward Kennedy's Address to the 1980 Democratic National Convention|journal=Southern Journal of Communication|date=1990|volume=55|issue=2|pages=175–190|doi=10.1080/10417949009372786}}</ref> Rhetoric William Kurlinkus taxonomizes nostalgia na ntọala a, na-arụ ụka na rhetoric nostalgic n'ozuzu nwere akụkụ atọ:<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kurlinkus|first=William|title=Nostalgic Design: Making Memories in the Rhetoric Classroom|journal=Rhetoric Society Quarterly|date=2021|volume=51|issue=5|pages=422–438|doi=10.1080/02773945.2021.1972133}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=1. Nostalgic Design: Rhetoric, Memory, and Democratizing Technology|author=Kurlinkus|first=W.|publisher=U Pittsburgh Press|year=2019|isbn=9780822965527}}</ref> # Mfu ma ọ bụ egwu n'oge a: mgbanwe ọgba aghara nke nostalgia na-emeghachi omume. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ekwu na echiche ahụ ga-efu n'ezie, ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ gụnyere Kurlinkus na-ekwu ete echiche ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe egwu iji mee ka nostalgia.<ref>(Davis)</ref> # A nostalgic crux: onye, otu, ụlọ ọrụ, na ndị ọzọ nke a na-ata ụta maka mfu nke echiche nostalgic. Iji mee ihe dị otú ahụ, a na-egosipụtakarị crux nostalgic dị ka ike nke ịdị ọhụrụ na mgbanwe. Imeri onye a dị n'èzí dị ka isi iyi nke iweghachite ezi ncheta. Ihe mgbagwoju anya ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere ìgwè site na ụlọ ọrụ na-emetọ ikuku ruo na ndị mbịarambịa. # Olileanya: N'ikpeazụ, Kurlinkus na-ekwu na ọ bụ ezie na a na-emekarị nostalgia n'ụzọ na-emegide onwe ya, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbe niile ka ọ nwee ezi olileanya maka iweghachite ihe ncheta chi (ma nke a pụtara ụdị ezi mweghachi ma ọ bụ mgbake ihe atụ nke ụkpụrụ omume). Olileanya dị otú ahụ na-eme ka nostalgia dị iche na mmetụta ndị yiri ya dị ka melancholia, nke nwere ọchịchọ niile nke nostalgia maka echiche furu efu na-enweghị ọchịchọ ịpụ n'oge gara aga. Kurlinkus chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ "nostalgic onye ọzọ" iji kọwaa ụzọ ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ si ejide n'akụkọ nostalgic nke ndị ọzọ banyere ha, nke a na-eche n'echiche dị ka ihe okike ma n'otu oge ahụ na-agọnahụ ọbụbụeze ma ọ bụ ikike ịgbanwe n'oge a. "Nostalgic ndị ọzọ dị iche na okwu ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ n'ihi na mgbanwe ha adabereghị na agbụrụ ma ọ bụ agbụrụ. " Kurlinkus dere. "Kama nke ahụ, na njirimara na nkewa n'otu oge, onye ọzọ na-achọsi ike dị iche na onye na-ekwu okwu site na oge. Anyị na-ebi n'oge a; ha na-ebi ndụ n'oge gara aga. Okike nke ndị ọzọ nostalgic na-enye ohere ka ndị mmadụ na-ahụkarị mee ka ịdị ọcha agbụrụ na nkwụsi ike nke oge gara aga bụrụ ihe na-eme ma na-ajụ ụlọ ọrụ obodo ịgbanwe n'oge a site n'igosi àgwà ọjọọ ya. === Dị ka ngwá ọrụ mgbasa ozi === Na mgbasa ozi na mgbasa ozi, enwere ike iji ihe oyiyi, ụda, na ntụaka na-eme ka agụụ na-agụsi ya ike iji mepụta mmetụta nke njikọ n'etiti ndị na-azụ ahịa na ngwaahịa na ebumnuche nke ime ka ọha na eze kwenye iri, kirie, ma ọ bụ zụta ngwaahịa mgbasa ozi.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mediated Nostalgia|author=Lizardi|first=R.|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2015|location=Maryland}}</ref> Nkà na ụzụ nke oge a na-eme ka mgbasa ozi na-akpali agụụ site na isiokwu, ụdị, na imewe nke mgbasa ozi.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Media and Nostalgia|author=Niemeyer|first=K.|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2014|isbn=978-1-137-37588-9}}</ref> Mmetụta nke agụụ maka oge gara aga na-adị mfe site na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na mgbasa ozi n'ihi na mgbasa ozi ndị a chọrọ ntinye aka nke ọtụtụ mmetụta, nwere ike ịnọchite anya echiche ha kpamkpam, ya mere na-echetara ndụ. N'ihi atụmatụ mgbasa ozi dị irè, ọ dịghị mkpa ka ndị na-azụ ahịa nwee ihe omume ma ọ bụ oge a kapịrị ọnụ iji nwee mmetụta maka ya. Nke a bụ n'ihi ihe a na-akpọ vicarious nostalgia. Vicarious nostalgia bụ mmetụta nke agụụ maka oge nke mere tupu, ma ọ bụ n'èzí, ogologo oge nke ncheta mmadụ, mana ọ bụ ihe a na-emetụta (nwere uru mmetụta uche) n'ihi ikpughe ya ugboro ugboro.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Merchant|first=A|date=2013|title=Effects of advertising evoked vicarious nostalgia in brand heritage|journal=Journal of Business Research|pages=66}}</ref> Mgbasa mgbasa ozi na ozi mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ na-eme ka nostalgia dị iche iche nwee ike, ma gbanwee ụzọ anyị si aghọta mgbasa ozi na n'ikpeazụ, ụzọ ndị na-azụ ahịa si eji ike ịzụta ha. Ihe atụ nke nostalgia eji eme ka ọha na eze nwee mmasị gụnyere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nostalgia dị ka Want Nostalgia?, The Nostalgie Machine, na DoYouRemember?, na mmezigharị nke ihe nkiri ochie, ihe ngosi TV, na akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DoYouRemember.com|url=https://doyouremember.com|work=DoYouRemember?|publisher=DoYouRemember? Inc.|accessdate=25 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Oceans 11 1960 Version|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0054135/|work=IMDB}}</ref> A pụkwara ịhụ ụdị imewe oge ochie, nke obodo na nke oge ochie na mkpọsa mgbasa ozi ndị dabeere na nostalgia nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka Coca-Cola na Levi Strauss & Co. na-eji.<ref name=":0"/> Emepụtara n'ime ọzụzụ ịre ahịa, forestalgia, nke akọwara dị ka agụụ mmadụ maka ọdịnihu dabara adaba, na-eje ozi dị ka ogbo lekwasịrị anya n'ọdịniihu na agụụ agụụ.[1]  Dị ka agụụ mmekọahụ, ebe naanị ihe ncheta obi ụtọ na-edobe, forestalgia na-akọwa ebumnuche ndị ahịa ịgbanarị ugbu a gaa n'ọdịniihu ịhụnanya ebe nchegbu ugbu a abụghịzi okwu.  Ndị na-eme nchọpụta n'ahịa chọpụtara na mgbe ha na-akwalite ngwaahịa hedonic na nke bara uru, mgbasa ozi n'oge gara aga na mgbasa ozi forestalgia nke dị anya dị irè na nkwalite ngwaahịa bara uru.  N'ụzọ dị iche, ngwaahịa hedonic kacha mma maka mgbasa ozi etinyere n'ọhụụ dị anya gara aga ma ọ bụ ọhịa ọhịa dị nso n'ọdịnihu. == Hụkwa zie ==   == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == {{emotion-footer}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] s6arf4acro7pmwms9i2vmjv86btdejj 0 30914 692612 538860 2026-07-30T11:42:09Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award|name=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|image=|alt=A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "MDCCCXXXIII" above, followed by (smaller) "OB•" then "MDCCCXCVI" below.|awarded_for=Discoveries in physiology or medicine that led to benefit for humankind|location=[[Stockholm]], Sweden|presenter=[[Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet]]|reward=11 million [[Swedish krona|SEK]] (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize amounts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-prize-amounts/ |access-date=29 September 2023 |publisher=The Nobel Prize}}</ref>|year=1901|holder=[[Svante Pääbo]] (2022)|website={{URL|nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine}}}} Nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) bụ ndị ọgbakọ Nobel na ụlọ akwụkwọ Karolinska na-enye onyinye kwa afọ maka nchọpụta pụtara ìhè na physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ.  Nrite Nobel abụghị otu ihe nrite, kama ihe nrite ise dị iche iche nke, dị ka Alfred Nobel's 1895 ga-esi kwuo, a na-enye "ndị, n'ime afọ gara aga, nyeworo ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ uru kasịnụ".  A na-enye ihe nrite Nobel n'ihe gbasara Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. [[Usòrò:Nobel prize medal awarded to Alexander Fleming, 1945. (9660573705).jpg|thumb|Ihe nrite Nobel maka Medisin]] A na-enye ihe nrite Nobel kwa afọ na ncheta ọnwụ Alfred Nobel, 10 Disemba.  Dị ka nke 2022, 114 Nobel Prizes na Physiology ma ọ bụ nkà mmụta ọgwụ ka enyerela ndị mmeri 226, ụmụ nwoke 214 na ụmụ nwanyị 12.  Enyere nke mbụ na 1901 nye onye German physiologist, Emil von Behring, maka ọrụ ya na ọgwụgwọ serum na mmepe nke ọgwụ mgbochi diphtheria.  Nwanyị mbụ nwetara Nrite Nobel na Physiology or Medicine, Gerty Cori, nwetara ya na 1947 maka ọrụ ya n'ịkọwapụta metabolism nke glucose, dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ọgwụ, gụnyere ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga.  Karolinska Institute kwuputara ihe nrite Nobel kacha nso nso a na 3 Ọktoba 2022 ma nye ya Svante Pääbo Swedish, maka nchọpụta gbasara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke hominins na mgbanwe mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2022/summary/|accessdate=3 October 2022|publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> Ihe nrite ahụ nwere ihe nrite tinyere diplọma na asambodo maka onyinye ego. Akụkụ ihu nke ihe nrite ahụ gosipụtara otu profaịlụ nke Alfred Nobel gosipụtara na ihe nrite maka Physics, Chemistry, na Literature; akụkụ azụ bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ihe nrise a. Ụfọdụ ihe nrite abụwo arụmụka.  Nke a gụnyere otu nye António Egas Moniz na 1949 maka prefrontal lobotomy, nke enyere n'agbanyeghị mkpesa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike.  Esemokwu ndị ọzọ sitere na nghọtahie gbasara onye etinyere na ihe nrite ahụ.  Ihe nrite 1952 nyere Selman Waksman gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe, na ọkara ikike ikike e nyere onye ọrụ ya Albert Schatz onye na-enwetaghị ihe nrite ahụ.  Enweghị ike ịnye ihe nrite Nobel mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.  Ọzọkwa, ọ dịghị ihe karịrị ndị nnata atọ nwere ike ịnata Nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ, mmachi nke a na-atụle mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka mmụba na-arịwanye elu maka ndị otu buru ibu na-eduzi ọrụ sayensị dị mkpa. == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == [[Usòrò:AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg|thumb|Nobel nwere mmasị na physiology nnwale ma guzobe ụlọ nyocha nke ya.]] A mụrụ Alfred Nobel na 21 Ọktoba 1833 na [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], n'ime ezinụlọ ndị injinia.<ref name="Levinovitz5">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 5</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-emepụta kemịkal, injinia na onye na-echepụta ihe nke nwetara akụ na ụba n'oge ndụ ya, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere na ihe 355 o mepụtara, nke dynamite bụ nke a ma ama.<ref name="Levinovitz11">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 11</ref> O nwere mmasị na physiology nnwale ma guzobe ụlọ nyocha nke ya na [[France]] na Ịtali iji mee nnwale na mmịnye ọbara. N'ịgbaso nchọpụta sayensị, o ji mmesapụ aka nye onyinye ya na ụlọ nyocha Ivan Pavlov na Russia ma nwee nchekwube banyere ọganihu sitere na nchọpụta sayensi mere na ụlọ nyocha.<ref name="Feldman237-238">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Feldman|Feldman]], pp. 237–238</ref> N'afọ 1888, o juru Nobel anya ịgụ akụkọ ọnwụ ya, nke akpọrọ "Onye ahịa ọnwụ anwụọla", n'akwụkwọ akụkọ French. Ka ọ na-eme, ọ bụ nwanne Nobel bụ Ludvig nwụrụ, mana Nobel, enweghị obi ụtọ na ọdịnaya nke obituary ma na-echegbu onwe ya na ihe nketa ya ga-egosipụta ya nke ọma, kpaliri ya ịgbanwe uche ya. N'ime testament ikpeazụ ya, Nobel rịọrọ ka e jiri ego ya mepụta usoro ihe nrite maka ndị na-enye "nnukwu uru na ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ" na [[Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị|physics]], chemistry, udo, physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ, na akwụkwọ.<ref name="BBCHistory">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml|title=History – Historic Figures: Alfred Nobel (1833–1896)|publisher=BBC|accessdate=15 January 2010|archivedate=2 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902104414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Nobel dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ testament n'oge ndụ ya, e dere nke ikpeazụ ihe karịrị otu afọ tupu ya anwụọ na 1896 mgbe ọ dị afọ 63.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sohlman|first=Ragnar|title=The Legacy of Alfred Nobel – The Story Behind the Nobel Prizes|year=1983|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|edition=First|isbn=978-0-370-30990-3|authorlink=Ragnar Sohlman}}</ref> N'ihi na a na-emegide uche ya, Storting (Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu [[Norway]]) anabataghị ya ruo na 26 Eprel 1897.<ref name="Levinovitz13">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 13</ref> Ihe nrite Physiology na Medicine nwere onyinyo nke Alfred Nobel na profaịlụ aka ekpe n'ihu.<ref name="NobelUnique" /> Ọ bụ Erik Lindberg chepụtara ihe nrite ahụ.<ref name="NobelUnique" /> N'azụ ihe nrite ahụ na-egosi 'Genius nke Ọgwụ na-ejide akwụkwọ mepere emepe n'apata ụkwụ ya, na-anakọta mmiri na-esi na nkume na-apụta iji kpochapụ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nwa agbọghọ na-arịa ọrịa'.<ref name="NobelMedicine">{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize medal in physiology or medicine|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/the-nobel-medal-for-physiology-or-medicine/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416152940/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/the-nobel-medal-for-physiology-or-medicine/|archivedate=16 April 2023|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|accessdate=20 June 2023}}</ref> E dere ya "Inventas vitam iuvat excoluisse per artes" ("Ọ bara uru imeziwanye ndụ (mmadụ) site na nka a chọpụtara") nke "inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes" sitere na ahịrị 663 site na akwụkwọ 6 nke ''Aeneid'' nke onye Rom na-ede uri Virgil.<ref name="NobelMedicine" /> A na-ede efere n'okpuru ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na aha onye nnata. Ihe odide "REG. Mahadum nke MED. CHIR CAROL. "nke na-egosi Karolinska Institute ka edere n'azụ.<ref name="NobelMedicine" /> N'agbata afọ 1902 na afọ 2010, Myntverket, ụlọ ọrụ Swedish royal mint, nke dị na Eskilstuna, nwetara ihe nrite Nobel. N'afọ 2011, Det Norske Myntverket mere ihe nrite ndị ahụ na Kongsberg. Ọ bụ Svenska Medalj mere ihe nrite ndị ahụ na Eskilstuna kemgbe afọ 2012.<ref name="NobelUnique">{{Cite web|title=A unique gold medal|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-medals-and-the-medal-for-the-prize-in-economic-sciences/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411152140/https://historical.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/georg-wittig-nobel-prize-medal-in-chemistry-received-in-1979-together-with-four-additional-medals/a/6165-49227.s|archivedate=11 April 2017|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|accessdate=20 June 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170411152140/https://historical.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/georg-wittig-nobel-prize-medal-in-chemistry-received-in-1979-together-with-four-additional-medals/a/6165-49227.s "A unique gold medal"]. </cite></ref> Ndị nwetara nrite Nobel na-enweta diplọma kpọmkwem site n'aka Eze Sweden. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enye onyinye maka onye nwetara ya na-emepụta diplọma ọ bụla. N'ihe banyere Nobel Prize na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine, ya bụ Nzukọ Nobel na Karolinska Institute. A na-enye ndị omenkà a ma ama na ndị na-ede calligraph si Sweden ọrụ ịmepụta ya.<ref name="nobelprize5">{{Cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/diplomas/|title=The Nobel Prize Diplomas|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=15 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060701201519/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/diplomas/|archivedate=1 July 2006}}</ref> Diploma ahụ nwere foto na ederede nke na-ekwu aha onye mmeri na ntinye aka maka ihe mere ha ji nata ihe nrite ahụ.<ref name="nobelprize5" /> N'emume mmeri ahụ, a na-enye onye mmeri akwụkwọ na-egosi ego mmeri ahụ. Ọnụ ego ego nke onyinye ego nwere ike ịdị iche site n'afọ ruo n'afọ, dabere na ego dị na Nobel Foundation. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 2009 ngụkọta ego enyere bụ 10 nde SEK (US $ 1.4 nde), mana na 2012, ego ahụ bụ 8 nde Swedish Krona, ma ọ bụ US $ 1.1 nde.<ref name="nobelprize2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/|title=The Nobel Prize Amounts|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=24 August 2014|archivedate=20 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111123/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2012-06-11/world/world_europe_nobel-prize-cut_1_nobel-prize-nobel-foundation-alfred-nobel?_s=PM:EUROPE|title=Nobel prize amounts to be cut 20% in 2012|publisher=CNN|date=11 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709002611/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-06-11/world/world_europe_nobel-prize-cut_1_nobel-prize-nobel-foundation-alfred-nobel?_s=PM:EUROPE|archivedate=9 July 2012}}</ref> Ọ bụrụ na e nwere ndị mmeri abụọ n'otu ụdị, a na-ekewa onyinye ahụ n'otu n'otu, mana ọ bụrụ na e nwee atọ, kọmitii na-enye onyinye ahụ nwere ike ịhọrọ ịkewa onyinye ahụ, ma ọ bụ nye otu onye na-anata ọkara na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ na nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị ọzọ abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/oct/05/nobel-prize-medicine-2009-award|title=Nobel prize for medicine shared by scientists for work on ageing and cancer|work=The Guardian|date=5 October 2009|accessdate=15 January 2010|first=Ian|author=Sample}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ian Sample, Science correspondent|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/oct/07/physics.nobel|title=Three share Nobel prize for physics|work=The Guardian|date=7 October 2008|accessdate=10 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=David Landes|url=http://www.thelocal.se/22604/20091012/|title=Americans claim Nobel economics prize|work=Thelocal.se|date=12 October 2009|accessdate=15 January 2010|archivedate=20 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120105624/http://www.thelocal.se/22604/20091012/}}</ref> A na-enye onyinye ndị ahụ n'ememe gala na-esote oriri.<ref name="local">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thelocal.se/23784/20091210/|title=Pomp aplenty as winners gather for Nobel gala|date=10 December 2009|work=The Local|accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> Oriri Nobel bụ ihe dị oke egwu na menu, nke a haziri ọtụtụ ọnwa tupu oge eruo, zoro ezo ruo ụbọchị ihe omume ahụ. Ntọala Nobel na-ahọrọ menu mgbe ọ nwesịrị nnwale na nnwale nhọrọ nke ndị isi nri ahọpụtara nke mba ụwa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ nri abalị atọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ nri isii na 1901. Onye ọ bụla nwetara ihe nrite Nobel nwere ike iweta ndị ọbịa iri na isii. Ezinụlọ eze Sweden na-abịa, na-abụkarị Praịm Minista na ndị ọzọ so na gọọmentị na-abịa yana ndị nnọchi anya ezinụlọ Nobel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_nobel-laureates-dinner-banquet-tomorrow-at-stokholm-city-hall_1321860|title=Nobel Laureates dinner banquet tomorrow at Stokholm City Hall|date=9 December 2009|work=DNA|accessdate=18 June 2010|archivedate=21 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121030656/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_nobel-laureates-dinner-banquet-tomorrow-at-stokholm-city-hall_1321860}}</ref> N'ihi ogologo oge nke nwere ike ịgafe tupu mkpa nchọpụta ahụ apụta ìhè, a na-enye ụfọdụ ihe nrite ọtụtụ afọ mgbe nchọpụta mbụ gasịrị. Barbara McClintock mere nchọpụta ya na 1944, tupu a mara ọdịdị nke DNA molecule; enyeghị ya ihe nrite ahụ ruo n'afọ 1983. N'otu aka ahụ, na 1916 Peyton Rous chọpụtara ọrụ nke nje tumor na ọkụkọ, mana enyeghị ya ihe nrite ahụ ruo mgbe afọ 50 gachara, na 1966.<ref name="Levinovitz114">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 114</ref> Nnyocha nke onye nwetara ihe nrite Nobel bụ Carol Greider mere ihe karịrị afọ 20 tupu mgbe ahụ. O kwuru na oge na-agafe bụ uru na sayensị ahụike, ebe ọ nwere ike iwe ọtụtụ afọ maka mkpa nchọpụta iji pụta ìhè.<ref name="Dreifus">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/science/13conv.html?_r=1&ref=nobel_prizes|title=On Winning a Nobel Prize in Science|author=Dreifus|first=Claudia|date=12 October 2009|work=The New York Times|accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> Ọkà mmụta neurophysiologist nke Spen Fernando de Castro (1896-1967) bụ onye mbụ kọwapụtara chemoreceptors arterial ma mee ha okirikiri na ahụ carotid maka ntugharị iku ume na 1926-1928.  Maka ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara, onye na-eso ụzọ Santiago Ramón y Cajal a bụ onye na-eso ụzọ kwesịrị ịkọrọ onyinye Nobel 1938 na Corneille Heymans e nyere ya, ma n'oge ahụ Spain mikpuru na Spanish Civil War na o yiri ka Nobel Board ọbụna nwere obi abụọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ndụ.  ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, ịnọ n'ihu kemgbe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmalite nke esemokwu ahụ.  Heymans n'onwe ya ghọtara uru De Castro nwetara maka Nrite Nobel n'oge dị iche iche, gụnyere okwu ama ama na Montevideo (Uruguay).[1] == Hụkwa zie == * Ndepụta nke onyinye ọgwụ * Ndepụta nke ndị nwetara nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == k407w9m3dapvlkilz8pxx9hmv2sjxv2 692614 692612 2026-07-30T11:43:18Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award|name=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|image=|alt=A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "MDCCCXXXIII" above, followed by (smaller) "OB•" then "MDCCCXCVI" below.|awarded_for=Discoveries in physiology or medicine that led to benefit for humankind|location=[[Stockholm]], Sweden|presenter=[[Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet]]|reward=11 million [[Swedish krona|SEK]] (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize amounts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-prize-amounts/ |access-date=29 September 2023 |publisher=The Nobel Prize}}</ref>|year=1901|holder=[[Svante Pääbo]] (2022)|website={{URL|nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine}}}} Nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) bụ ndị ọgbakọ Nobel na ụlọ akwụkwọ Karolinska na-enye onyinye kwa afọ maka nchọpụta pụtara ìhè na physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ.  Nrite Nobel abụghị otu ihe nrite, kama ihe nrite ise dị iche iche nke, dị ka Alfred Nobel's 1895 ga-esi kwuo, a na-enye "ndị, n'ime afọ gara aga, nyeworo ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ uru kasịnụ".  A na-enye ihe nrite Nobel n'ihe gbasara Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. A na-enye ihe nrite Nobel kwa afọ na ncheta ọnwụ Alfred Nobel, 10 Disemba.  Dị ka nke 2022, 114 Nobel Prizes na Physiology ma ọ bụ nkà mmụta ọgwụ ka enyerela ndị mmeri 226, ụmụ nwoke 214 na ụmụ nwanyị 12.  Enyere nke mbụ na 1901 nye onye German physiologist, Emil von Behring, maka ọrụ ya na ọgwụgwọ serum na mmepe nke ọgwụ mgbochi diphtheria.  Nwanyị mbụ nwetara Nrite Nobel na Physiology or Medicine, Gerty Cori, nwetara ya na 1947 maka ọrụ ya n'ịkọwapụta metabolism nke glucose, dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ọgwụ, gụnyere ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga.  Karolinska Institute kwuputara ihe nrite Nobel kacha nso nso a na 3 Ọktoba 2022 ma nye ya Svante Pääbo Swedish, maka nchọpụta gbasara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke hominins na mgbanwe mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2022/summary/|accessdate=3 October 2022|publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> Ihe nrite ahụ nwere ihe nrite tinyere diplọma na asambodo maka onyinye ego. Akụkụ ihu nke ihe nrite ahụ gosipụtara otu profaịlụ nke Alfred Nobel gosipụtara na ihe nrite maka Physics, Chemistry, na Literature; akụkụ azụ bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ihe nrise a. Ụfọdụ ihe nrite abụwo arụmụka.  Nke a gụnyere otu nye António Egas Moniz na 1949 maka prefrontal lobotomy, nke enyere n'agbanyeghị mkpesa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike.  Esemokwu ndị ọzọ sitere na nghọtahie gbasara onye etinyere na ihe nrite ahụ.  Ihe nrite 1952 nyere Selman Waksman gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe, na ọkara ikike ikike e nyere onye ọrụ ya Albert Schatz onye na-enwetaghị ihe nrite ahụ.  Enweghị ike ịnye ihe nrite Nobel mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.  Ọzọkwa, ọ dịghị ihe karịrị ndị nnata atọ nwere ike ịnata Nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ, mmachi nke a na-atụle mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka mmụba na-arịwanye elu maka ndị otu buru ibu na-eduzi ọrụ sayensị dị mkpa. == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == [[Usòrò:AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg|thumb|Nobel nwere mmasị na physiology nnwale ma guzobe ụlọ nyocha nke ya.]] A mụrụ Alfred Nobel na 21 Ọktoba 1833 na [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], n'ime ezinụlọ ndị injinia.<ref name="Levinovitz5">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 5</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-emepụta kemịkal, injinia na onye na-echepụta ihe nke nwetara akụ na ụba n'oge ndụ ya, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere na ihe 355 o mepụtara, nke dynamite bụ nke a ma ama.<ref name="Levinovitz11">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 11</ref> O nwere mmasị na physiology nnwale ma guzobe ụlọ nyocha nke ya na [[France]] na Ịtali iji mee nnwale na mmịnye ọbara. N'ịgbaso nchọpụta sayensị, o ji mmesapụ aka nye onyinye ya na ụlọ nyocha Ivan Pavlov na Russia ma nwee nchekwube banyere ọganihu sitere na nchọpụta sayensi mere na ụlọ nyocha.<ref name="Feldman237-238">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Feldman|Feldman]], pp. 237–238</ref> N'afọ 1888, o juru Nobel anya ịgụ akụkọ ọnwụ ya, nke akpọrọ "Onye ahịa ọnwụ anwụọla", n'akwụkwọ akụkọ French. Ka ọ na-eme, ọ bụ nwanne Nobel bụ Ludvig nwụrụ, mana Nobel, enweghị obi ụtọ na ọdịnaya nke obituary ma na-echegbu onwe ya na ihe nketa ya ga-egosipụta ya nke ọma, kpaliri ya ịgbanwe uche ya. N'ime testament ikpeazụ ya, Nobel rịọrọ ka e jiri ego ya mepụta usoro ihe nrite maka ndị na-enye "nnukwu uru na ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ" na [[Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị|physics]], chemistry, udo, physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ, na akwụkwọ.<ref name="BBCHistory">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml|title=History – Historic Figures: Alfred Nobel (1833–1896)|publisher=BBC|accessdate=15 January 2010|archivedate=2 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902104414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Nobel dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ testament n'oge ndụ ya, e dere nke ikpeazụ ihe karịrị otu afọ tupu ya anwụọ na 1896 mgbe ọ dị afọ 63.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sohlman|first=Ragnar|title=The Legacy of Alfred Nobel – The Story Behind the Nobel Prizes|year=1983|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|edition=First|isbn=978-0-370-30990-3|authorlink=Ragnar Sohlman}}</ref> N'ihi na a na-emegide uche ya, Storting (Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu [[Norway]]) anabataghị ya ruo na 26 Eprel 1897.<ref name="Levinovitz13">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 13</ref> Ihe nrite Physiology na Medicine nwere onyinyo nke Alfred Nobel na profaịlụ aka ekpe n'ihu.<ref name="NobelUnique" /> Ọ bụ Erik Lindberg chepụtara ihe nrite ahụ.<ref name="NobelUnique" /> N'azụ ihe nrite ahụ na-egosi 'Genius nke Ọgwụ na-ejide akwụkwọ mepere emepe n'apata ụkwụ ya, na-anakọta mmiri na-esi na nkume na-apụta iji kpochapụ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nwa agbọghọ na-arịa ọrịa'.<ref name="NobelMedicine">{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize medal in physiology or medicine|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/the-nobel-medal-for-physiology-or-medicine/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416152940/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/the-nobel-medal-for-physiology-or-medicine/|archivedate=16 April 2023|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|accessdate=20 June 2023}}</ref> E dere ya "Inventas vitam iuvat excoluisse per artes" ("Ọ bara uru imeziwanye ndụ (mmadụ) site na nka a chọpụtara") nke "inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes" sitere na ahịrị 663 site na akwụkwọ 6 nke ''Aeneid'' nke onye Rom na-ede uri Virgil.<ref name="NobelMedicine" /> A na-ede efere n'okpuru ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na aha onye nnata. Ihe odide "REG. Mahadum nke MED. CHIR CAROL. "nke na-egosi Karolinska Institute ka edere n'azụ.<ref name="NobelMedicine" /> N'agbata afọ 1902 na afọ 2010, Myntverket, ụlọ ọrụ Swedish royal mint, nke dị na Eskilstuna, nwetara ihe nrite Nobel. N'afọ 2011, Det Norske Myntverket mere ihe nrite ndị ahụ na Kongsberg. Ọ bụ Svenska Medalj mere ihe nrite ndị ahụ na Eskilstuna kemgbe afọ 2012.<ref name="NobelUnique">{{Cite web|title=A unique gold medal|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-medals-and-the-medal-for-the-prize-in-economic-sciences/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411152140/https://historical.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/georg-wittig-nobel-prize-medal-in-chemistry-received-in-1979-together-with-four-additional-medals/a/6165-49227.s|archivedate=11 April 2017|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|accessdate=20 June 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170411152140/https://historical.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/georg-wittig-nobel-prize-medal-in-chemistry-received-in-1979-together-with-four-additional-medals/a/6165-49227.s "A unique gold medal"]. </cite></ref> Ndị nwetara nrite Nobel na-enweta diplọma kpọmkwem site n'aka Eze Sweden. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enye onyinye maka onye nwetara ya na-emepụta diplọma ọ bụla. N'ihe banyere Nobel Prize na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine, ya bụ Nzukọ Nobel na Karolinska Institute. A na-enye ndị omenkà a ma ama na ndị na-ede calligraph si Sweden ọrụ ịmepụta ya.<ref name="nobelprize5">{{Cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/diplomas/|title=The Nobel Prize Diplomas|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=15 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060701201519/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/diplomas/|archivedate=1 July 2006}}</ref> Diploma ahụ nwere foto na ederede nke na-ekwu aha onye mmeri na ntinye aka maka ihe mere ha ji nata ihe nrite ahụ.<ref name="nobelprize5" /> N'emume mmeri ahụ, a na-enye onye mmeri akwụkwọ na-egosi ego mmeri ahụ. Ọnụ ego ego nke onyinye ego nwere ike ịdị iche site n'afọ ruo n'afọ, dabere na ego dị na Nobel Foundation. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 2009 ngụkọta ego enyere bụ 10 nde SEK (US $ 1.4 nde), mana na 2012, ego ahụ bụ 8 nde Swedish Krona, ma ọ bụ US $ 1.1 nde.<ref name="nobelprize2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/|title=The Nobel Prize Amounts|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=24 August 2014|archivedate=20 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111123/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2012-06-11/world/world_europe_nobel-prize-cut_1_nobel-prize-nobel-foundation-alfred-nobel?_s=PM:EUROPE|title=Nobel prize amounts to be cut 20% in 2012|publisher=CNN|date=11 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709002611/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-06-11/world/world_europe_nobel-prize-cut_1_nobel-prize-nobel-foundation-alfred-nobel?_s=PM:EUROPE|archivedate=9 July 2012}}</ref> Ọ bụrụ na e nwere ndị mmeri abụọ n'otu ụdị, a na-ekewa onyinye ahụ n'otu n'otu, mana ọ bụrụ na e nwee atọ, kọmitii na-enye onyinye ahụ nwere ike ịhọrọ ịkewa onyinye ahụ, ma ọ bụ nye otu onye na-anata ọkara na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ na nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị ọzọ abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/oct/05/nobel-prize-medicine-2009-award|title=Nobel prize for medicine shared by scientists for work on ageing and cancer|work=The Guardian|date=5 October 2009|accessdate=15 January 2010|first=Ian|author=Sample}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ian Sample, Science correspondent|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/oct/07/physics.nobel|title=Three share Nobel prize for physics|work=The Guardian|date=7 October 2008|accessdate=10 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=David Landes|url=http://www.thelocal.se/22604/20091012/|title=Americans claim Nobel economics prize|work=Thelocal.se|date=12 October 2009|accessdate=15 January 2010|archivedate=20 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120105624/http://www.thelocal.se/22604/20091012/}}</ref> A na-enye onyinye ndị ahụ n'ememe gala na-esote oriri.<ref name="local">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thelocal.se/23784/20091210/|title=Pomp aplenty as winners gather for Nobel gala|date=10 December 2009|work=The Local|accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> Oriri Nobel bụ ihe dị oke egwu na menu, nke a haziri ọtụtụ ọnwa tupu oge eruo, zoro ezo ruo ụbọchị ihe omume ahụ. Ntọala Nobel na-ahọrọ menu mgbe ọ nwesịrị nnwale na nnwale nhọrọ nke ndị isi nri ahọpụtara nke mba ụwa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ nri abalị atọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ nri isii na 1901. Onye ọ bụla nwetara ihe nrite Nobel nwere ike iweta ndị ọbịa iri na isii. Ezinụlọ eze Sweden na-abịa, na-abụkarị Praịm Minista na ndị ọzọ so na gọọmentị na-abịa yana ndị nnọchi anya ezinụlọ Nobel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_nobel-laureates-dinner-banquet-tomorrow-at-stokholm-city-hall_1321860|title=Nobel Laureates dinner banquet tomorrow at Stokholm City Hall|date=9 December 2009|work=DNA|accessdate=18 June 2010|archivedate=21 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121030656/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_nobel-laureates-dinner-banquet-tomorrow-at-stokholm-city-hall_1321860}}</ref> N'ihi ogologo oge nke nwere ike ịgafe tupu mkpa nchọpụta ahụ apụta ìhè, a na-enye ụfọdụ ihe nrite ọtụtụ afọ mgbe nchọpụta mbụ gasịrị. Barbara McClintock mere nchọpụta ya na 1944, tupu a mara ọdịdị nke DNA molecule; enyeghị ya ihe nrite ahụ ruo n'afọ 1983. N'otu aka ahụ, na 1916 Peyton Rous chọpụtara ọrụ nke nje tumor na ọkụkọ, mana enyeghị ya ihe nrite ahụ ruo mgbe afọ 50 gachara, na 1966.<ref name="Levinovitz114">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 114</ref> Nnyocha nke onye nwetara ihe nrite Nobel bụ Carol Greider mere ihe karịrị afọ 20 tupu mgbe ahụ. O kwuru na oge na-agafe bụ uru na sayensị ahụike, ebe ọ nwere ike iwe ọtụtụ afọ maka mkpa nchọpụta iji pụta ìhè.<ref name="Dreifus">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/science/13conv.html?_r=1&ref=nobel_prizes|title=On Winning a Nobel Prize in Science|author=Dreifus|first=Claudia|date=12 October 2009|work=The New York Times|accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> Ọkà mmụta neurophysiologist nke Spen Fernando de Castro (1896-1967) bụ onye mbụ kọwapụtara chemoreceptors arterial ma mee ha okirikiri na ahụ carotid maka ntugharị iku ume na 1926-1928.  Maka ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara, onye na-eso ụzọ Santiago Ramón y Cajal a bụ onye na-eso ụzọ kwesịrị ịkọrọ onyinye Nobel 1938 na Corneille Heymans e nyere ya, ma n'oge ahụ Spain mikpuru na Spanish Civil War na o yiri ka Nobel Board ọbụna nwere obi abụọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ndụ.  ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, ịnọ n'ihu kemgbe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmalite nke esemokwu ahụ.  Heymans n'onwe ya ghọtara uru De Castro nwetara maka Nrite Nobel n'oge dị iche iche, gụnyere okwu ama ama na Montevideo (Uruguay).[1] == Hụkwa zie == * Ndepụta nke onyinye ọgwụ * Ndepụta nke ndị nwetara nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == ias0b1jfnseheg2pn4aqnihah6quhu9 692616 692614 2026-07-30T11:43:44Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award|name=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|image=|alt=A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "MDCCCXXXIII" above, followed by (smaller) "OB•" then "MDCCCXCVI" below.|awarded_for=Discoveries in physiology or medicine that led to benefit for humankind|location=[[Stockholm]], Sweden|presenter=[[Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet]]|reward=11 million [[Swedish krona|SEK]] (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize amounts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-prize-amounts/ |access-date=29 September 2023 |publisher=The Nobel Prize}}</ref>|year=1901|holder=[[Svante Pääbo]] (2022)|website={{URL|nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine}}}} Nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) bụ ndị ọgbakọ Nobel na ụlọ akwụkwọ Karolinska na-enye onyinye kwa afọ maka nchọpụta pụtara ìhè na physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ.  Nrite Nobel abụghị otu ihe nrite, kama ihe nrite ise dị iche iche nke, dị ka Alfred Nobel's 1895 ga-esi kwuo, a na-enye "ndị, n'ime afọ gara aga, nyeworo ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ uru kasịnụ".  A na-enye ihe nrite Nobel n'ihe gbasara Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. [[Usòrò:Nobel prize medal awarded to Alexander Fleming, 1945. (9660573705).jpg|thumb|Ihe nrite Nobel maka Medisin]] A na-enye ihe nrite Nobel kwa afọ na ncheta ọnwụ Alfred Nobel, 10 Disemba.  Dị ka nke 2022, 114 Nobel Prizes na Physiology ma ọ bụ nkà mmụta ọgwụ ka enyerela ndị mmeri 226, ụmụ nwoke 214 na ụmụ nwanyị 12.  Enyere nke mbụ na 1901 nye onye German physiologist, Emil von Behring, maka ọrụ ya na ọgwụgwọ serum na mmepe nke ọgwụ mgbochi diphtheria.  Nwanyị mbụ nwetara Nrite Nobel na Physiology or Medicine, Gerty Cori, nwetara ya na 1947 maka ọrụ ya n'ịkọwapụta metabolism nke glucose, dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ọgwụ, gụnyere ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga.  Karolinska Institute kwuputara ihe nrite Nobel kacha nso nso a na 3 Ọktoba 2022 ma nye ya Svante Pääbo Swedish, maka nchọpụta gbasara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke hominins na mgbanwe mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2022/summary/|accessdate=3 October 2022|publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> Ihe nrite ahụ nwere ihe nrite tinyere diplọma na asambodo maka onyinye ego. Akụkụ ihu nke ihe nrite ahụ gosipụtara otu profaịlụ nke Alfred Nobel gosipụtara na ihe nrite maka Physics, Chemistry, na Literature; akụkụ azụ bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ihe nrise a. Ụfọdụ ihe nrite abụwo arụmụka.  Nke a gụnyere otu nye António Egas Moniz na 1949 maka prefrontal lobotomy, nke enyere n'agbanyeghị mkpesa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike.  Esemokwu ndị ọzọ sitere na nghọtahie gbasara onye etinyere na ihe nrite ahụ.  Ihe nrite 1952 nyere Selman Waksman gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe, na ọkara ikike ikike e nyere onye ọrụ ya Albert Schatz onye na-enwetaghị ihe nrite ahụ.  Enweghị ike ịnye ihe nrite Nobel mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.  Ọzọkwa, ọ dịghị ihe karịrị ndị nnata atọ nwere ike ịnata Nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ, mmachi nke a na-atụle mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka mmụba na-arịwanye elu maka ndị otu buru ibu na-eduzi ọrụ sayensị dị mkpa. == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == [[Usòrò:AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg|thumb|Nobel nwere mmasị na physiology nnwale ma guzobe ụlọ nyocha nke ya.]] A mụrụ Alfred Nobel na 21 Ọktoba 1833 na [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], n'ime ezinụlọ ndị injinia.<ref name="Levinovitz5">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 5</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-emepụta kemịkal, injinia na onye na-echepụta ihe nke nwetara akụ na ụba n'oge ndụ ya, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere na ihe 355 o mepụtara, nke dynamite bụ nke a ma ama.<ref name="Levinovitz11">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 11</ref> O nwere mmasị na physiology nnwale ma guzobe ụlọ nyocha nke ya na [[France]] na Ịtali iji mee nnwale na mmịnye ọbara. N'ịgbaso nchọpụta sayensị, o ji mmesapụ aka nye onyinye ya na ụlọ nyocha Ivan Pavlov na Russia ma nwee nchekwube banyere ọganihu sitere na nchọpụta sayensi mere na ụlọ nyocha.<ref name="Feldman237-238">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Feldman|Feldman]], pp. 237–238</ref> N'afọ 1888, o juru Nobel anya ịgụ akụkọ ọnwụ ya, nke akpọrọ "Onye ahịa ọnwụ anwụọla", n'akwụkwọ akụkọ French. Ka ọ na-eme, ọ bụ nwanne Nobel bụ Ludvig nwụrụ, mana Nobel, enweghị obi ụtọ na ọdịnaya nke obituary ma na-echegbu onwe ya na ihe nketa ya ga-egosipụta ya nke ọma, kpaliri ya ịgbanwe uche ya. N'ime testament ikpeazụ ya, Nobel rịọrọ ka e jiri ego ya mepụta usoro ihe nrite maka ndị na-enye "nnukwu uru na ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ" na [[Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị|physics]], chemistry, udo, physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ, na akwụkwọ.<ref name="BBCHistory">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml|title=History – Historic Figures: Alfred Nobel (1833–1896)|publisher=BBC|accessdate=15 January 2010|archivedate=2 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902104414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Nobel dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ testament n'oge ndụ ya, e dere nke ikpeazụ ihe karịrị otu afọ tupu ya anwụọ na 1896 mgbe ọ dị afọ 63.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sohlman|first=Ragnar|title=The Legacy of Alfred Nobel – The Story Behind the Nobel Prizes|year=1983|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|edition=First|isbn=978-0-370-30990-3|authorlink=Ragnar Sohlman}}</ref> N'ihi na a na-emegide uche ya, Storting (Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu [[Norway]]) anabataghị ya ruo na 26 Eprel 1897.<ref name="Levinovitz13">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 13</ref> Ihe nrite Physiology na Medicine nwere onyinyo nke Alfred Nobel na profaịlụ aka ekpe n'ihu.<ref name="NobelUnique" /> Ọ bụ Erik Lindberg chepụtara ihe nrite ahụ.<ref name="NobelUnique" /> N'azụ ihe nrite ahụ na-egosi 'Genius nke Ọgwụ na-ejide akwụkwọ mepere emepe n'apata ụkwụ ya, na-anakọta mmiri na-esi na nkume na-apụta iji kpochapụ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nwa agbọghọ na-arịa ọrịa'.<ref name="NobelMedicine">{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize medal in physiology or medicine|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/the-nobel-medal-for-physiology-or-medicine/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416152940/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/the-nobel-medal-for-physiology-or-medicine/|archivedate=16 April 2023|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|accessdate=20 June 2023}}</ref> E dere ya "Inventas vitam iuvat excoluisse per artes" ("Ọ bara uru imeziwanye ndụ (mmadụ) site na nka a chọpụtara") nke "inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes" sitere na ahịrị 663 site na akwụkwọ 6 nke ''Aeneid'' nke onye Rom na-ede uri Virgil.<ref name="NobelMedicine" /> A na-ede efere n'okpuru ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na aha onye nnata. Ihe odide "REG. Mahadum nke MED. CHIR CAROL. "nke na-egosi Karolinska Institute ka edere n'azụ.<ref name="NobelMedicine" /> N'agbata afọ 1902 na afọ 2010, Myntverket, ụlọ ọrụ Swedish royal mint, nke dị na Eskilstuna, nwetara ihe nrite Nobel. N'afọ 2011, Det Norske Myntverket mere ihe nrite ndị ahụ na Kongsberg. Ọ bụ Svenska Medalj mere ihe nrite ndị ahụ na Eskilstuna kemgbe afọ 2012.<ref name="NobelUnique">{{Cite web|title=A unique gold medal|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-medals-and-the-medal-for-the-prize-in-economic-sciences/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411152140/https://historical.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/georg-wittig-nobel-prize-medal-in-chemistry-received-in-1979-together-with-four-additional-medals/a/6165-49227.s|archivedate=11 April 2017|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|accessdate=20 June 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170411152140/https://historical.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/georg-wittig-nobel-prize-medal-in-chemistry-received-in-1979-together-with-four-additional-medals/a/6165-49227.s "A unique gold medal"]. </cite></ref> Ndị nwetara nrite Nobel na-enweta diplọma kpọmkwem site n'aka Eze Sweden. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enye onyinye maka onye nwetara ya na-emepụta diplọma ọ bụla. N'ihe banyere Nobel Prize na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine, ya bụ Nzukọ Nobel na Karolinska Institute. A na-enye ndị omenkà a ma ama na ndị na-ede calligraph si Sweden ọrụ ịmepụta ya.<ref name="nobelprize5">{{Cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/diplomas/|title=The Nobel Prize Diplomas|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=15 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060701201519/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/diplomas/|archivedate=1 July 2006}}</ref> Diploma ahụ nwere foto na ederede nke na-ekwu aha onye mmeri na ntinye aka maka ihe mere ha ji nata ihe nrite ahụ.<ref name="nobelprize5" /> N'emume mmeri ahụ, a na-enye onye mmeri akwụkwọ na-egosi ego mmeri ahụ. Ọnụ ego ego nke onyinye ego nwere ike ịdị iche site n'afọ ruo n'afọ, dabere na ego dị na Nobel Foundation. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 2009 ngụkọta ego enyere bụ 10 nde SEK (US $ 1.4 nde), mana na 2012, ego ahụ bụ 8 nde Swedish Krona, ma ọ bụ US $ 1.1 nde.<ref name="nobelprize2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/|title=The Nobel Prize Amounts|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=24 August 2014|archivedate=20 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111123/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2012-06-11/world/world_europe_nobel-prize-cut_1_nobel-prize-nobel-foundation-alfred-nobel?_s=PM:EUROPE|title=Nobel prize amounts to be cut 20% in 2012|publisher=CNN|date=11 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709002611/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-06-11/world/world_europe_nobel-prize-cut_1_nobel-prize-nobel-foundation-alfred-nobel?_s=PM:EUROPE|archivedate=9 July 2012}}</ref> Ọ bụrụ na e nwere ndị mmeri abụọ n'otu ụdị, a na-ekewa onyinye ahụ n'otu n'otu, mana ọ bụrụ na e nwee atọ, kọmitii na-enye onyinye ahụ nwere ike ịhọrọ ịkewa onyinye ahụ, ma ọ bụ nye otu onye na-anata ọkara na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ na nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị ọzọ abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/oct/05/nobel-prize-medicine-2009-award|title=Nobel prize for medicine shared by scientists for work on ageing and cancer|work=The Guardian|date=5 October 2009|accessdate=15 January 2010|first=Ian|author=Sample}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ian Sample, Science correspondent|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/oct/07/physics.nobel|title=Three share Nobel prize for physics|work=The Guardian|date=7 October 2008|accessdate=10 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=David Landes|url=http://www.thelocal.se/22604/20091012/|title=Americans claim Nobel economics prize|work=Thelocal.se|date=12 October 2009|accessdate=15 January 2010|archivedate=20 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120105624/http://www.thelocal.se/22604/20091012/}}</ref> A na-enye onyinye ndị ahụ n'ememe gala na-esote oriri.<ref name="local">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thelocal.se/23784/20091210/|title=Pomp aplenty as winners gather for Nobel gala|date=10 December 2009|work=The Local|accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> Oriri Nobel bụ ihe dị oke egwu na menu, nke a haziri ọtụtụ ọnwa tupu oge eruo, zoro ezo ruo ụbọchị ihe omume ahụ. Ntọala Nobel na-ahọrọ menu mgbe ọ nwesịrị nnwale na nnwale nhọrọ nke ndị isi nri ahọpụtara nke mba ụwa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ nri abalị atọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ nri isii na 1901. Onye ọ bụla nwetara ihe nrite Nobel nwere ike iweta ndị ọbịa iri na isii. Ezinụlọ eze Sweden na-abịa, na-abụkarị Praịm Minista na ndị ọzọ so na gọọmentị na-abịa yana ndị nnọchi anya ezinụlọ Nobel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_nobel-laureates-dinner-banquet-tomorrow-at-stokholm-city-hall_1321860|title=Nobel Laureates dinner banquet tomorrow at Stokholm City Hall|date=9 December 2009|work=DNA|accessdate=18 June 2010|archivedate=21 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121030656/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_nobel-laureates-dinner-banquet-tomorrow-at-stokholm-city-hall_1321860}}</ref> N'ihi ogologo oge nke nwere ike ịgafe tupu mkpa nchọpụta ahụ apụta ìhè, a na-enye ụfọdụ ihe nrite ọtụtụ afọ mgbe nchọpụta mbụ gasịrị. Barbara McClintock mere nchọpụta ya na 1944, tupu a mara ọdịdị nke DNA molecule; enyeghị ya ihe nrite ahụ ruo n'afọ 1983. N'otu aka ahụ, na 1916 Peyton Rous chọpụtara ọrụ nke nje tumor na ọkụkọ, mana enyeghị ya ihe nrite ahụ ruo mgbe afọ 50 gachara, na 1966.<ref name="Levinovitz114">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 114</ref> Nnyocha nke onye nwetara ihe nrite Nobel bụ Carol Greider mere ihe karịrị afọ 20 tupu mgbe ahụ. O kwuru na oge na-agafe bụ uru na sayensị ahụike, ebe ọ nwere ike iwe ọtụtụ afọ maka mkpa nchọpụta iji pụta ìhè.<ref name="Dreifus">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/science/13conv.html?_r=1&ref=nobel_prizes|title=On Winning a Nobel Prize in Science|author=Dreifus|first=Claudia|date=12 October 2009|work=The New York Times|accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> Ọkà mmụta neurophysiologist nke Spen Fernando de Castro (1896-1967) bụ onye mbụ kọwapụtara chemoreceptors arterial ma mee ha okirikiri na ahụ carotid maka ntugharị iku ume na 1926-1928.  Maka ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara, onye na-eso ụzọ Santiago Ramón y Cajal a bụ onye na-eso ụzọ kwesịrị ịkọrọ onyinye Nobel 1938 na Corneille Heymans e nyere ya, ma n'oge ahụ Spain mikpuru na Spanish Civil War na o yiri ka Nobel Board ọbụna nwere obi abụọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ndụ.  ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, ịnọ n'ihu kemgbe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmalite nke esemokwu ahụ.  Heymans n'onwe ya ghọtara uru De Castro nwetara maka Nrite Nobel n'oge dị iche iche, gụnyere okwu ama ama na Montevideo (Uruguay).[1] == Hụkwa zie == * Ndepụta nke onyinye ọgwụ * Ndepụta nke ndị nwetara nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == k407w9m3dapvlkilz8pxx9hmv2sjxv2 692617 692616 2026-07-30T11:45:32Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award|name=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|image=|alt=A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "MDCCCXXXIII" above, followed by (smaller) "OB•" then "MDCCCXCVI" below.|awarded_for=Discoveries in physiology or medicine that led to benefit for humankind|location=[[Stockholm]], Sweden|presenter=[[Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet]]|reward=11 million [[Swedish krona|SEK]] (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize amounts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-prize-amounts/ |access-date=29 September 2023 |publisher=The Nobel Prize}}</ref>|year=1901|holder=[[Svante Pääbo]] (2022)|website={{URL|nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine}}}} Nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) bụ ndị ọgbakọ Nobel na ụlọ akwụkwọ Karolinska na-enye onyinye kwa afọ maka nchọpụta pụtara ìhè na physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ.  Nrite Nobel abụghị otu ihe nrite, kama ihe nrite ise dị iche iche nke, dị ka Alfred Nobel's 1895 ga-esi kwuo, a na-enye "ndị, n'ime afọ gara aga, nyeworo ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ uru kasịnụ".  A na-enye ihe nrite Nobel n'ihe gbasara Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. A na-enye ihe nrite Nobel kwa afọ na ncheta ọnwụ Alfred Nobel, 10 Disemba.  Dị ka nke 2022, 114 Nobel Prizes na Physiology ma ọ bụ nkà mmụta ọgwụ ka enyerela ndị mmeri 226, ụmụ nwoke 214 na ụmụ nwanyị 12.  Enyere nke mbụ na 1901 nye onye German physiologist, Emil von Behring, maka ọrụ ya na ọgwụgwọ serum na mmepe nke ọgwụ mgbochi diphtheria.  Nwanyị mbụ nwetara Nrite Nobel na Physiology or Medicine, Gerty Cori, nwetara ya na 1947 maka ọrụ ya n'ịkọwapụta metabolism nke glucose, dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ọgwụ, gụnyere ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga.  Karolinska Institute kwuputara ihe nrite Nobel kacha nso nso a na 3 Ọktoba 2022 ma nye ya Svante Pääbo Swedish, maka nchọpụta gbasara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke hominins na mgbanwe mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2022/summary/|accessdate=3 October 2022|publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> Ihe nrite ahụ nwere ihe nrite tinyere diplọma na asambodo maka onyinye ego. Akụkụ ihu nke ihe nrite ahụ gosipụtara otu profaịlụ nke Alfred Nobel gosipụtara na ihe nrite maka Physics, Chemistry, na Literature; akụkụ azụ bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ihe nrise a. Ụfọdụ ihe nrite abụwo arụmụka.  Nke a gụnyere otu nye António Egas Moniz na 1949 maka prefrontal lobotomy, nke enyere n'agbanyeghị mkpesa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike.  Esemokwu ndị ọzọ sitere na nghọtahie gbasara onye etinyere na ihe nrite ahụ.  Ihe nrite 1952 nyere Selman Waksman gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe, na ọkara ikike ikike e nyere onye ọrụ ya Albert Schatz onye na-enwetaghị ihe nrite ahụ.  Enweghị ike ịnye ihe nrite Nobel mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.  Ọzọkwa, ọ dịghị ihe karịrị ndị nnata atọ nwere ike ịnata Nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ, mmachi nke a na-atụle mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka mmụba na-arịwanye elu maka ndị otu buru ibu na-eduzi ọrụ sayensị dị mkpa. == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == [[Usòrò:AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg|thumb|Nobel nwere mmasị na physiology nnwale ma guzobe ụlọ nyocha nke ya.]] A mụrụ Alfred Nobel na 21 Ọktoba 1833 na [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], n'ime ezinụlọ ndị injinia.<ref name="Levinovitz5">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 5</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-emepụta kemịkal, injinia na onye na-echepụta ihe nke nwetara akụ na ụba n'oge ndụ ya, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere na ihe 355 o mepụtara, nke dynamite bụ nke a ma ama.<ref name="Levinovitz11">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 11</ref> O nwere mmasị na physiology nnwale ma guzobe ụlọ nyocha nke ya na [[France]] na Ịtali iji mee nnwale na mmịnye ọbara. N'ịgbaso nchọpụta sayensị, o ji mmesapụ aka nye onyinye ya na ụlọ nyocha Ivan Pavlov na Russia ma nwee nchekwube banyere ọganihu sitere na nchọpụta sayensi mere na ụlọ nyocha.<ref name="Feldman237-238">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Feldman|Feldman]], pp. 237–238</ref> N'afọ 1888, o juru Nobel anya ịgụ akụkọ ọnwụ ya, nke akpọrọ "Onye ahịa ọnwụ anwụọla", n'akwụkwọ akụkọ French. Ka ọ na-eme, ọ bụ nwanne Nobel bụ Ludvig nwụrụ, mana Nobel, enweghị obi ụtọ na ọdịnaya nke obituary ma na-echegbu onwe ya na ihe nketa ya ga-egosipụta ya nke ọma, kpaliri ya ịgbanwe uche ya. N'ime testament ikpeazụ ya, Nobel rịọrọ ka e jiri ego ya mepụta usoro ihe nrite maka ndị na-enye "nnukwu uru na ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ" na [[Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị|physics]], chemistry, udo, physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ, na akwụkwọ.<ref name="BBCHistory">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml|title=History – Historic Figures: Alfred Nobel (1833–1896)|publisher=BBC|accessdate=15 January 2010|archivedate=2 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902104414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Nobel dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ testament n'oge ndụ ya, e dere nke ikpeazụ ihe karịrị otu afọ tupu ya anwụọ na 1896 mgbe ọ dị afọ 63.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sohlman|first=Ragnar|title=The Legacy of Alfred Nobel – The Story Behind the Nobel Prizes|year=1983|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|edition=First|isbn=978-0-370-30990-3|authorlink=Ragnar Sohlman}}</ref> N'ihi na a na-emegide uche ya, Storting (Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu [[Norway]]) anabataghị ya ruo na 26 Eprel 1897.<ref name="Levinovitz13">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 13</ref> Ihe nrite Physiology na Medicine nwere onyinyo nke Alfred Nobel na profaịlụ aka ekpe n'ihu.<ref name="NobelUnique" /> Ọ bụ Erik Lindberg chepụtara ihe nrite ahụ.<ref name="NobelUnique" /> N'azụ ihe nrite ahụ na-egosi 'Genius nke Ọgwụ na-ejide akwụkwọ mepere emepe n'apata ụkwụ ya, na-anakọta mmiri na-esi na nkume na-apụta iji kpochapụ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nwa agbọghọ na-arịa ọrịa'.<ref name="NobelMedicine">{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize medal in physiology or medicine|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/the-nobel-medal-for-physiology-or-medicine/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416152940/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/the-nobel-medal-for-physiology-or-medicine/|archivedate=16 April 2023|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|accessdate=20 June 2023}}</ref> E dere ya "Inventas vitam iuvat excoluisse per artes" ("Ọ bara uru imeziwanye ndụ (mmadụ) site na nka a chọpụtara") nke "inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes" sitere na ahịrị 663 site na akwụkwọ 6 nke ''Aeneid'' nke onye Rom na-ede uri Virgil.<ref name="NobelMedicine" /> A na-ede efere n'okpuru ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na aha onye nnata. Ihe odide "REG. Mahadum nke MED. CHIR CAROL. "nke na-egosi Karolinska Institute ka edere n'azụ.<ref name="NobelMedicine" /> N'agbata afọ 1902 na afọ 2010, Myntverket, ụlọ ọrụ Swedish royal mint, nke dị na Eskilstuna, nwetara ihe nrite Nobel. N'afọ 2011, Det Norske Myntverket mere ihe nrite ndị ahụ na Kongsberg. Ọ bụ Svenska Medalj mere ihe nrite ndị ahụ na Eskilstuna kemgbe afọ 2012.<ref name="NobelUnique">{{Cite web|title=A unique gold medal|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-medals-and-the-medal-for-the-prize-in-economic-sciences/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411152140/https://historical.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/georg-wittig-nobel-prize-medal-in-chemistry-received-in-1979-together-with-four-additional-medals/a/6165-49227.s|archivedate=11 April 2017|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|accessdate=20 June 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170411152140/https://historical.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/georg-wittig-nobel-prize-medal-in-chemistry-received-in-1979-together-with-four-additional-medals/a/6165-49227.s "A unique gold medal"]. </cite></ref> Ndị nwetara nrite Nobel na-enweta diplọma kpọmkwem site n'aka Eze Sweden. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enye onyinye maka onye nwetara ya na-emepụta diplọma ọ bụla. N'ihe banyere Nobel Prize na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine, ya bụ Nzukọ Nobel na Karolinska Institute. A na-enye ndị omenkà a ma ama na ndị na-ede calligraph si Sweden ọrụ ịmepụta ya.<ref name="nobelprize5">{{Cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/diplomas/|title=The Nobel Prize Diplomas|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=15 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060701201519/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/diplomas/|archivedate=1 July 2006}}</ref> Diploma ahụ nwere foto na ederede nke na-ekwu aha onye mmeri na ntinye aka maka ihe mere ha ji nata ihe nrite ahụ.<ref name="nobelprize5" /> N'emume mmeri ahụ, a na-enye onye mmeri akwụkwọ na-egosi ego mmeri ahụ. Ọnụ ego ego nke onyinye ego nwere ike ịdị iche site n'afọ ruo n'afọ, dabere na ego dị na Nobel Foundation. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 2009 ngụkọta ego enyere bụ 10 nde SEK (US $ 1.4 nde), mana na 2012, ego ahụ bụ 8 nde Swedish Krona, ma ọ bụ US $ 1.1 nde.<ref name="nobelprize2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/|title=The Nobel Prize Amounts|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=24 August 2014|archivedate=20 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111123/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2012-06-11/world/world_europe_nobel-prize-cut_1_nobel-prize-nobel-foundation-alfred-nobel?_s=PM:EUROPE|title=Nobel prize amounts to be cut 20% in 2012|publisher=CNN|date=11 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709002611/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-06-11/world/world_europe_nobel-prize-cut_1_nobel-prize-nobel-foundation-alfred-nobel?_s=PM:EUROPE|archivedate=9 July 2012}}</ref> Ọ bụrụ na e nwere ndị mmeri abụọ n'otu ụdị, a na-ekewa onyinye ahụ n'otu n'otu, mana ọ bụrụ na e nwee atọ, kọmitii na-enye onyinye ahụ nwere ike ịhọrọ ịkewa onyinye ahụ, ma ọ bụ nye otu onye na-anata ọkara na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ na nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị ọzọ abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/oct/05/nobel-prize-medicine-2009-award|title=Nobel prize for medicine shared by scientists for work on ageing and cancer|work=The Guardian|date=5 October 2009|accessdate=15 January 2010|first=Ian|author=Sample}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ian Sample, Science correspondent|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/oct/07/physics.nobel|title=Three share Nobel prize for physics|work=The Guardian|date=7 October 2008|accessdate=10 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=David Landes|url=http://www.thelocal.se/22604/20091012/|title=Americans claim Nobel economics prize|work=Thelocal.se|date=12 October 2009|accessdate=15 January 2010|archivedate=20 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120105624/http://www.thelocal.se/22604/20091012/}}</ref> A na-enye onyinye ndị ahụ n'ememe gala na-esote oriri.<ref name="local">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thelocal.se/23784/20091210/|title=Pomp aplenty as winners gather for Nobel gala|date=10 December 2009|work=The Local|accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> Oriri Nobel bụ ihe dị oke egwu na menu, nke a haziri ọtụtụ ọnwa tupu oge eruo, zoro ezo ruo ụbọchị ihe omume ahụ. Ntọala Nobel na-ahọrọ menu mgbe ọ nwesịrị nnwale na nnwale nhọrọ nke ndị isi nri ahọpụtara nke mba ụwa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ nri abalị atọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ nri isii na 1901. Onye ọ bụla nwetara ihe nrite Nobel nwere ike iweta ndị ọbịa iri na isii. Ezinụlọ eze Sweden na-abịa, na-abụkarị Praịm Minista na ndị ọzọ so na gọọmentị na-abịa yana ndị nnọchi anya ezinụlọ Nobel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_nobel-laureates-dinner-banquet-tomorrow-at-stokholm-city-hall_1321860|title=Nobel Laureates dinner banquet tomorrow at Stokholm City Hall|date=9 December 2009|work=DNA|accessdate=18 June 2010|archivedate=21 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121030656/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_nobel-laureates-dinner-banquet-tomorrow-at-stokholm-city-hall_1321860}}</ref> N'ihi ogologo oge nke nwere ike ịgafe tupu mkpa nchọpụta ahụ apụta ìhè, a na-enye ụfọdụ ihe nrite ọtụtụ afọ mgbe nchọpụta mbụ gasịrị. Barbara McClintock mere nchọpụta ya na 1944, tupu a mara ọdịdị nke DNA molecule; enyeghị ya ihe nrite ahụ ruo n'afọ 1983. N'otu aka ahụ, na 1916 Peyton Rous chọpụtara ọrụ nke nje tumor na ọkụkọ, mana enyeghị ya ihe nrite ahụ ruo mgbe afọ 50 gachara, na 1966.<ref name="Levinovitz114">[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#Levinovitz|Levinovitz]], p. 114</ref> Nnyocha nke onye nwetara ihe nrite Nobel bụ Carol Greider mere ihe karịrị afọ 20 tupu mgbe ahụ. O kwuru na oge na-agafe bụ uru na sayensị ahụike, ebe ọ nwere ike iwe ọtụtụ afọ maka mkpa nchọpụta iji pụta ìhè.<ref name="Dreifus">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/science/13conv.html?_r=1&ref=nobel_prizes|title=On Winning a Nobel Prize in Science|author=Dreifus|first=Claudia|date=12 October 2009|work=The New York Times|accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> Ọkà mmụta neurophysiologist nke Spen Fernando de Castro (1896-1967) bụ onye mbụ kọwapụtara chemoreceptors arterial ma mee ha okirikiri na ahụ carotid maka ntugharị iku ume na 1926-1928.  Maka ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara, onye na-eso ụzọ Santiago Ramón y Cajal a bụ onye na-eso ụzọ kwesịrị ịkọrọ onyinye Nobel 1938 na Corneille Heymans e nyere ya, ma n'oge ahụ Spain mikpuru na Spanish Civil War na o yiri ka Nobel Board ọbụna nwere obi abụọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ndụ.  ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, ịnọ n'ihu kemgbe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmalite nke esemokwu ahụ.  Heymans n'onwe ya ghọtara uru De Castro nwetara maka Nrite Nobel n'oge dị iche iche, gụnyere okwu ama ama na Montevideo (Uruguay).[1] == Hụkwa zie == * Ndepụta nke onyinye ọgwụ * Ndepụta nke ndị nwetara nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == ias0b1jfnseheg2pn4aqnihah6quhu9 0 31505 692440 206562 2026-07-30T04:54:31Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Ayo Fayose |birth_name=Peter Ayodele Fayose|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1960|11|15|df=y}}|birth_place=Afao Ekiti, [[Western Region, Nigeria|Western Region]], Nigeria (now in [[Ekiti State]])|death_date=|death_place=|spouse=[[Feyisetan Fayose]]|image=}} Peter Ayodele Fayose (Gee ⓘ )<nowiki></link></nowiki> ;  amuru 15 Novemba 1960) [1] bu onye aghandọrọ ndị Naijiria jere dika steeti steeti steeti na 2003 rue 2006, na ọzọ site na 2014 rue 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alleged Corruption: Fayose submits self to EFCC|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/290685-alleged-corruption-fayose-submits-self-to-efcc.html|author=Udo|first=Bassey|date=2018-10-16|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-05-25}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == Fayose tolitere na steeti Oyo ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Oliv Baptist, Oyo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Ayodele Fayose: The Ekiti Powerhouse|url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/peter-ayodele-fayose-the-ekiti-powerhouse/|date=2018-11-15|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-25}}</ref> N'afọ 1985, ọ nzere Higher National Diploma (HND) na Biological Sciences/Applied Medical/Biology site na The Polytechnic, Ibadan wee gụchaa na 1987. Mgbe ọ na-eme mmemme National Youth Service Corps na Pepsi Nigeria Limited  , Ibadan, ọ na-etinye aka na ebe, nhazi na ọrụ vidiyo na ụlọ nwe{{Databox}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.ng/quicklinkss/opinion/item/4814-fayose-the-comeback-kid-and-future-of-ekiti/4814-fayose-the-comeback-kid-and-future-of-ekiti|title=Fayose: The comeback kid and future of Ekiti|accessdate=2014-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006154021/http://tribune.com.ng/quicklinkss/opinion/item/4814-fayose-the-comeback-kid-and-future-of-ekiti/4814-fayose-the-comeback-kid-and-future-of-ekiti|archivedate=6 October 2014}} "Fayose the comeback kid and future of Ekiti"</ref>Ọ akụkọ Feyisetan .  [1] Ọ mere otu n'ime mmemme mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi achọ n'oge ngosi ike Sol ya na 2001. == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fayose seeks to complete tenure aborted by impeachment - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/231868-fayose-seeks-to-complete-tenure-aborted-by-impeachment.html|date=2017-05-22|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-05-25}}</ref>Fayose mmetụta abụọ nke nke Ekiti na ụbọchị 29 Mee 2003, ka o meri Gọvanọ nọ n'ihu bụ Niyi Adebayo na-alụ ọgụ.  [1] Ọ dịghị ike imezu oge ọrụ ya n'ihi nchụpụ na 16 October 2006. N'oge mmalite ọkwa ọkwa Ekiti steeti n'afọ 2014, Fayose bụ onye ọzọ bụ onye PDP mgbaàmà <nowiki></link></nowiki> .  O ibu ibu ahụ ma ndị otu Independent National Electoral Commission dịka Gọvanọ ọhụrụ nke steeti Ekiti, maka oge nke abụọ dịka ụdị.  Gọvanọ nọ n'ọkwa dị n'oge ahụ, Dọkịta Kayode Fayemi ihe na emeri ya ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime ndị mbụ kelere Maazị Fayose maka mmeri na ọchịchị ahụ.  E hibere Fayose n’ egosi iri na isii n’narị Ọktoba 2014. [1] Fayose bụzi naanị onye Naijiria meri onye n’ime ugboro abụọ. . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/09/27/2019-presidential-election-pdp-warns-fayose/|title=2019 Presidential election: PDP warns Fayose - Daily Post Nigeria|date=2017-09-27|work=Daily Post Nigeria|accessdate=2017-10-07|language=en-US}}</ref>Fayose malitela n'ihu ọha, ịzọ ọkwa ogaala na mbụ izugbe, 2019 .  [1] Otu ya, The Peoples Democratic Party, PDP, dụrụ ya ọdụ megide ebumnobi nke ịbụ onye ga-azọ ọkwa ogaala nke pati ahụ na 2019. Fayose mechara hapụ ọrụ ya. === Ebubo na-eme ntuliaka === . <ref>[http://saharareporters.com/2015/02/05/how-obanikoro-fayose-chris-uba-and-brig-general-momoh-rigged-ekiti-governorship-election]"How Obanikoro, Fayose, Chris Uba And Brig. General Momoh Rigged Ekiti Governorship Election In Collusion With The Nigeria Army"</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170227161042/http://pulse.ng/politics/fayose-tope-aluko-reveals-how-governor-rigged-ekiti-elections-id4629115.html]"Tope Aluko reveals how Governor rigged Ekiti elections"</ref> <ref>[http://punchng.com/we-perfected-ekiti-rigging-in-hotel-aluko-2/]"We perfected Ekiti rigging in hotel –Aluko"</ref>Otu onye ọrụ isi ndị agha, Captain Sagir Koli nke Nigerian Army 32nd Artillery Brigade, depụtara akara vootu na ị na June 20, 2014 mgbe a gwara ya ka ọ soro onye isi ọchịchị ya bụ Brigadier General Aliyu Momoh, gaa akwụkwọ na Spotless.  Ụlọ nkwari akụ.  in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State . <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIqE7TX2Nhc]"How Obanikoro, Chris Uba, Omisore, Olubolade, Nigerian Army General Rigged Fayose Into Power" SaharaTV, Youtube"</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141217/http://pulse.ng/politics/ekiti-elections-soldier-who-recorded-election-rigging-discussion-speaks-out-id3464875.html]"Ekiti Elections - Soldier who recorded ‘election rigging’ discussion speaks ou"</ref>Ihe onyonyo a were nsogbu iri atọ na asaa bụ onye “meriri” na maliteaka ahụ, Gọvanọ Ayodele Fayose nke steeti steeti bịara;  Senator Iyiola Omisore of Osun State ;  onye so na National Assembly Abdul Kareem;  Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka okwu ndị uwe ojii, Alhaji Jelili Adesiyan;  onye bụbu Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ndị uwe ojii na Oga ndị agha mmirika Caleb Olubolade;  Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka nchekwa na ahụ bụ Sinetọ Musiliu Obanikoro na onye isi PDP Anambra na onye na-azọkwa sinetị Chris Uba dara ada, ka ha nyere ndị agha Brigadier General Momoh n'ọkwa ọkwa n'ọkwa maka họrọ ya n'  ime mfe nhoputa ndi ochichi na steeti Ekiti. Maka ikpughe nhọpụta ntuli aka nke gọvanọ steeti Ekiti nke Fayose, Captain Sagir Koli toro ndị agha maka "anaghị etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na omume ọkachamara n'oge ntuli aka." <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201601120053.html]"Nigeria: Army Panel Praises Captain Who Exposed Ekiti Rigging Video, Recommends Sack, Prosecution of Top Officers"</ref> <ref>[http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/196630-nigerian-army-panel-praises-captain-who-exposed-ekiti-rigging-video-recommends-sack-prosecution-of-top-officers.html]"Nigerian Army panel praises captain who exposed Ekiti rigging video, recommends sack, prosecution of top officers"</ref> === Akwụsịla ya na EFCC === "Ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị na-ahụ maka mpụ na mpụ na-ahụ maka akụnaụba na ego kpọchiri akaụntụ Zenith Bank anọ bụ Fayose ji mebie ego maka imeaka afọ Ekiti n'afọ 2014 n'akwụkwọ ikpe no.  FHC/CS?871/2016 na-egosi "Federal Republic of Nigeria Vs Zenith bank PLC nọmba akaụntụ 1003126654, 9013074033, 1010170969 na 1013835889 Ọkaikpe Mohammed Idris enyela EFCC n'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Jun afọ 2016 ka ha kwụsị ego niile dị n'akaụntụ ahụ dị na Zenith Bank. Akaụntụ abụọ bụ Gọvanọ Ayo Fayose ebe nke atọ dị na họtelu ya bụ Spotless Hotel na Ado Ekiti. Akaụntụ nke anọ bụ otu n'ime ndị enyemaka Fayose bụ Abiodun Agbele nke nọ n'aka EFCC. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-21|title=Obanikoro explains how he gave Fayose $5m arms deal|url=https://guardian.ng/news/obanikoro-explains-how-he-gave-fayose-5m-arms-deal/|accessdate=2022-02-25|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429133744/https://guardian.ng/news/obanikoro-explains-how-he-gave-fayose-5m-arms-deal/}}</ref>EFCC boro ebubo na akaụntụ ndị ahụ nwere ego, kwuru na ọ dị ihe dị ka ikike N4.7 (US$20mn) zuru n' ike ọrụ nke National Security Adviser, na ọtụtụ n'ime ego bụ Fayose ji ezoro ezo maka ojiji  onwe ya mgbe mmalite aka ahụ mkpuchi.  [1] [2] [3] Onye bụbu Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka nchekwa na ebe bụ Musiliu Obanikoro nyere Ayo Fayose akara aka dị ka otu n'ime ndị erite uru na nzụkọ ngwa agha ego dɔla 2.1, bụ nke mere nchụpụ n'ụzọ  iwu na-akwadoghị na izu ohi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị bụ nke eboro ebubo na a napụtara iji buso ndị Boko Haram agha. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-14|title=Ekiti Seals off Radio Station Allegedly Owned by Fayose|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/14/ekiti-seals-off-radio-station-allegedly-owned-by-fayose/|accessdate=2021-12-08|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-NG|first=Victor|author=Ogunje}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-14|title=Ekiti govt seals radio station allegedly owned by Fayose|url=https://championnews.com.ng/ekiti-govt-seals-radio-station-allegedly-owned-fayose/|accessdate=2021-12-08|work=Champion Newspapers LTD|language=en-NG|archivedate=2021-12-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208181314/https://championnews.com.ng/ekiti-govt-seals-radio-station-allegedly-owned-fayose/}}</ref>A na-ebo Fayose ebubo inwe ụlọ ọrụ redio, Our People's FM, na 104.1 MHz na Ado Ekiti.  Ejidere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'ike nwa oge n'afọ 2019, ebubo na ọ bụ n'ihi ihe iwu eji arụ ọrụ, n'agbanyeghị na ekwokwara okwu ndị agha. . <ref>[http://saharareporters.com/2016/06/23/aisha-buhari-us-different-nigeria-first-lady-aisha-buhari-saharareporters-finds]"Aisha Buhari in The US Different From Nigeria First Lady Aisha Buhari, SaharaReporters Finds"</ref>Na 22 June 2016, Fayose font na Aisha Buhari, na-eje ozi ala Naijiria bụ Muhammadu Buhari bụ otu onye ( onye kwuru na ọ bụ ada General Muhammadu Buhari ) [1] nke ndị ikpe US gbara maka ịfe $170,000 na ebubo.  Onye omebe iwu US, Williams Jefferson, na ikpe nrụrụ aka nke William J. Jefferson gbakwunye Halliburton [2] [3] [4] na na ọ na-ezere njide ndị US site n'ịghara iso di ya na onye isi ala  atọ ya na United States. ? <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181027185631/http://thesummary.com.ng/index.php/news-categories/national/item/7830-finally-fayose-breaks-silence-reacts-to-aisha-buhari-s-trip-to-usa-attacks-her-again]"Finally Fayose Breaks Silence: Reacts To Aisha Buhari's Trip To USA, Attacks Her Again "</ref>ọkọ, mgbe Aisha Buhari gara Washington DC na 4 Ọgọst 2016, [1] Fayose mechara kwuo na ọbịbịa ya US emebighị ikpe Haliburton megide ya, na-ekwu na “ịga mba ihe mebiela ikpe ahụ kwuru na Aisha Buhari bufere $170,000 na ya.  Akaụntụ Jefferson?  "Iga mba ihe ekpochapụla eziokwu na Aisha Buhari bufere $170,000 nye Williams Jefferson == Hụkwa == * Temitope Aluko * Ndepụta ndị Yoruba == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:1960 births]] giypg6rndsh4kpgmbxnciaysmzf7bcj 0 31583 692122 540399 2026-07-29T17:57:09Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{MedalTableTop}} {{MedalSport|Men's Weightlifting}} {{MedalCountry|{{NGA}}}} {{MedalCompetition|All-Africa Games}} {{MedalGold|[[2007 All-Africa Games|2007 Algiers]]|77 kg}} {{MedalCompetition|African Championships}} {{MedalSilver|[[2008 African Weightlifting Championships|2008 Strand]]|77 kg}} {{MedalBottom}}Felix Ekpo (amuru 10 Mee 1981) bu onye Naijiria na-ebu ibu na-asọ mpi n'udi 77 kg.  Nke kacha mma ya bụ kilogram 335. O meriri ọla edo n'ozuzu ya na 2007 All-Africa Games, na ngụkọta nke 333 kg.[1]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.polska-sztanga.h2.pl/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1807|title=IX Igrzyskach Afrykañskich|publisher=polska-sztanga.h2.pl|date=2007-08-07|accessdate=2008-12-11|language=Polish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005220711/http://www.polska-sztanga.h2.pl/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1807|archivedate=2011-10-05}}</ref> Na 2007 World Weightlifting Championships ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke 23 na ngụkọta nke 327 kilogram. 2007 World Weightlifting Championship<ref name="IWF results" /> O meriri ọla edo na snatch, ọlaọcha na clean na jerk, na ọlaọcha n'ozuzu na 2008 African Championships, na ngụkọta nke 335 kilogram. chụpụ ma chụpụ 2008 African Championships<ref name="IWF results">{{Cite web|title=EKPO Felix|publisher=International Weightlifting Federation|url=http://www.iwf.net/results/results_athlete_e.php?compid=1719|accessdate=2008-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527164737/http://www.iwf.net/results/results_athlete_e.php?compid=1719|archivedate=2011-05-27}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. International Weightlifting Federation. Archived from [http://www.iwf.net/results/results_athlete_e.php?compid=1719 the original] on 27 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> O sonyere na Weightlifting na 2008 Summer Olympics na ngalaba 77 kg na-emecha nke iri na ise na 325 kg. Ibuli arọ na 2008 Summer Olympics __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ<ref>{{Cite web|title=EKPO Felix|publisher=International Weightlifting Federation|url=http://www.iwf.net/results/results_athlete_e.php?compid=2607|accessdate=2008-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527164749/http://www.iwf.net/results/results_athlete_e.php?compid=2607|archivedate=2011-05-27}}</ref> N'afọ 2012 ọ gbara ọsọ n'otu ngalaba ahụ ma mechie nke asatọ na ngụkọta nke 331 kilogram. 2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/london-2012/weightlifting/77kg-men|title=77kg Men|publisher=International Olympic Committee|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref> Ọ dị 5 ft 3 sentimita n'ogologo ma dị 170 lb n'arọ. __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ {{DEFAULTSORT:Ekpo, Felix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] l5z8ty4psl9tk8rqnrdljkdqakyfkot 0 31736 692388 140190 2026-07-29T22:37:11Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Pages using infobox officeholder with unknown parameters|houseFaruk Umar Faruk]] Alhaji Faruk Umar Faruk (Hausa pronunciationi, Hausa pronunciationi; amụrụ 1931) ma ọ bụ Umar Faruk Umar bụ Emir nke iri isii nke Daura Emirate. Faruk Umar Faruk Nkwupụta Hausa na Nkwupụta Hausa na Daura Emirate Emirate dị n'obodo Daura na Katsina Steeti, n'ebe ugwu Naịjirịa. Daura Katsina Steeti Nigeria == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Umar Faruq dan Umar n'afọ 1931. Ọ ghọrọ Emir nke Daura, ma ọ bụ Sarkin Daura, na 28 Febụwarị 2007 mgbe ọnwụ Sarkin Muhammadu Bashar dan Umaru gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html|title=Traditional States of Nigeria|work=World Statesmen|accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> Mgbe ọnwa ole na ole gachara, o wepụtara onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nchebe maka onye bụbu gọvanọ nke Jigawa Steeti, Saminu Turaki, onye e jidere maka ebubo nrụrụ aka na ịkpa ego mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọrụ na Mee 2007. Jigawa Steeti Saminu Turaki Otú ọ dị, onye nọchiri Turaki dị ka gọvanọ, Sule Lamido, mere ka ọ gbanwee obi ya. Udo ya<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200708030353.html|title=Turaki Accuses Lamido of Frustrating Bail Bid|work=ThisDay|author=Funso Muraina|date=3 August 2007|accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, Faruk zutere Onye isi ala Umaru Yar'Adua na Ooni nke Ife Okunade Sijuade, Emir nke Kano Ado Bayero na Emir nke Zazzau Shehu Idris. Umaru Yar'Adua Ooni nke Ife Okunade Sijuade Emir nke Kano Ado Bayero Emir nke Zazzau Shehu Idris Yar'Adua mesiri ha obi ike na a ga-ahụ ọrụ iwu maka ndị isi ọdịnala na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901070420.html|title=Emir of Borgu Seeks Constitutional Role for Royals|work=Leadership|author=Louis Achi|date=7 January 2009|accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị afọ 2009, Faruk nọchitere anya ezinụlọ onye isi ala, na-anọchite anya nwanyị ahụ n'oge emume alụmdi na nwunye maka nwa nwanyị nke onye isi ala Yar'Adua onye lụrụ Gọvanọ Bauchi Steeti Alhaji Isa Yuguda. Bauchi Steeti Isa Yuguda<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901261300.html|title=Yar'Adua Concludes Daughter's Marriage to Bauchi Gov|work=ThisDay|author=Danjuma Michael|date=25 January 2009|accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901261193.html|title=Former Heads of State, 19 Govs Storm Katsina for Yuguda's Wedding|work=Daily Trust|author=Lawal Ibrahim and Hassan A. Karofi|date=25 January 2009|accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2007, e nyere ya nsọpụrụ nke Commander of the Order of the Niger (CON). Usoro nke Niger<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=11129|title=List of 2007 National Honours recipients|work=Online Nigeria Daily News|date=December 29, 2007|publisher=Sun News|accessdate=2010-09-15|archivedate=2012-03-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327064901/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=11129}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2009, European-American University Commonwealth of Dominica nyere Faruk onyinye doctorate maka ọrụ ya n'iwu mba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ndn.nigeriadailynews.com/templates/default.aspx?a=16713&template=print-article.htm|title=European-American University To Honour Eminent Nigerians|date=9 May 2009|work=Online Nigeria Daily News|accessdate=2010-09-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183623/http://ndn.nigeriadailynews.com/templates/default.aspx?a=16713&template=print-article.htm#|archivedate=2011-07-14}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, ọ họpụtara Maazị Ndudi Elumelu, Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya na Ike na Steel, dị ka Hasken Daura (Ìhè nke Daura). N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2009, ọ họpụtara onye isi oche nke ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe, Justice Umaru Abdullahi, dị ka Walin Hausa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/23934/1/Appeal-Court-president-Tinubu-urge-Nigerians-not-to-lose-hope/Page1.html|title=Appeal Court president, Tinubu urge Nigerians not to lose hope|author=Kolade Adeyemi|date=November 2, 2009|work=The Nation|accessdate=2010-09-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103071550/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/23934/1/Appeal-Court-president-Tinubu-urge-Nigerians-not-to-lose-hope/Page1.html|archivedate=2009-11-03}}</ref> Dị ka o kwesịrị, oge ememe ndị Alakụba nke Id-El-Kabir na-agụnye durbar a na-eme n'otu oge na Daura na Katsina council areas. Id-El-Kabir Durbar N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2008, a kagburu Daura durbar ebe ọ bụ na Emir na-arụ ọrụ okpukpe na Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200812160573.html|title=Katsina - Morning After Sallah Festivity|work=ThisDay|author=Danjuma Michael|date=15 December 2008|accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2009, Faruk batara iji mee ka udo dị mgbe ime ihe ike malitere na Kongolam n'ókè ya na Niger ebe mmadụ asaa nwụrụ. Niger<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200905040786.html|title=Katsina - One Mob Killing Too Many|work=Daily Trust|author=Lawal Ibrahim|date=1 May 2009|accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> O mechara kwuo na ndị na-ebubata ihe n'ụzọ iwu na-akpata ihe omume ahụ bụ ndị si n'èzí, ọ bụghị ndị bi n'ókèala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200902100338.html|title=Katsina Police Begin Investigation Into Customs, Smugglers' Clash|work=Daily Trust|author=Lawal Ibrahim|date=10 February 2009|accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2009, ndị ọrụ ugbo nke steeti Katsina tara ahụhụ site na mwakpo nke nnụnụ quelea, nke yiri egwu ibibi ihe ọkụkụ ha. nnụnụ quelea Faruk dụrụ ha ọdụ ka ha nọrọ jụụ ma were ihe omume ahụ dị ka omume nke chi, na-emesi ha obi ike na a ga-enyere ha aka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200908311235.html|title=Wiwi And Quela Birds Invasion - Katsina Communities Face Hunger Threat|work=Leadership|author=Lawal Sa'idu|date=29 August 2009|accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2010, Emir ahụ kwere nkwa naira nde iri atọ nke ego ya iji wughachi ọnụ ụzọ ámá obodo ochie atọ na ihe ncheta "Kusugu" na emirate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201002030467.html|title=Daura City Gates, Kusugu Well for Reconstruction|work=Daily Trust|author=Lawal Ibrahim|date=2 February 2010|accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Faruk, Faruk Umar}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] n29ifro5r3afey2vxxnitp0riml072m 0 31910 692280 141098 2026-07-29T18:14:22Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Felix Imadiyi (amuru 25 Mee 1958) bu onye Naijiria bu onye oso oso .  Ọ gbara ọsọ na mgbagharị mita 4 × 400 nke nwoke na 1980 Summer Olympics. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Imadiyi, Fekix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 551omlqi9jzl7kky7t3q73p4tm8gc1a 0 31911 692296 141099 2026-07-29T18:46:24Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Felix Kolawole Bajomo ((Listeni); amụrụ na 7 Jenụwarị 1947) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ego na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria nke a họpụtara dịka onye otu Senate maka mpaghara Ogun West nke Ogun State na Eprel 2007. Felix Kolawole Bajomo (Nụrụ I) Ogun State<ref name="nassnig">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=102&page=1&state=28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173129/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=102&page=1&state=28|archivedate=3 March 2016|title=Sen. Felix Kolawole Bajomo|publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria|accessdate=5 October 2009}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == A mụrụ Felix Kolawole Bajomo na 7 Jenụwarị 1947. Ọ bụ onye otu ndị otu Association of Cost and Management Accountants (ACMA) na onye otu onye otu Association of Chartered Stockbrokers (ACS).  Tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ bụ onye isi njikwa, Commercial Trust Bank;  Onye isi oche, Union Bank;  Onye isi oche, Savannah Bank, na Onye isi oche nke Federal Housing Authority (2005-2006).[1]  Ọ bụ n'otu oge onyeisi oche nke Gateway Hotels.[2]  Ọ chịkwara ọkwa onyeisi oche nke Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN).[3]<ref name="noefcc">{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200909160227.html|title=Bajomo – Legitimate Borrowers should not be Harassed by the EFCC|author=Sufuyan Ojeifo|date=15 September 2009|publisher=This Day|accessdate=5 October 2009}}</ref> N'afọ 2003, Bajomo gbara ọsọ dị ka onye Alliance for Democracy maka oche omeiwu Ogun West, mana Iyabo Anisulowo, onye bụbu Minista nke Mmụta n'etiti afọ 1995 na 1998 n'okpuru ọchịchị Sanni Abacha meriri ya. Njikọ maka Ọchịchị Onye kwuo uche ya Iyabo Anisulowo Sanni Abacha<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/05/11/20030511ins01.html|publisher=This Day|title=Women and 2003: How They Fared|date=16 November 2004|accessdate=5 October 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070402083728/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/05/11/20030511ins01.html|archivedate=2 April 2007}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2005, Bajomo gbanwere na People's Democratic Party (PDP). Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị mmadụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/group/Naija-news/message/3125|title=Bajomo, Ex-AD Senatorial Candidate, Joins PDP|date=17 January 2004|publisher=This Day|accessdate=5 October 2009}}</ref> == Ọrụ Senate == [[Usòrò:NigeriaOgun.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Ogun Steeti, Naịjirịa Ogun Steti]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, ọ gbara ọsọ maka Senate na tiketi PDP ma họpụta ya maka mpaghara Ogun West. A họpụtara ya na kọmitii na-ahụ maka ihe onwunwe, ihe gbasara mba ọzọ, ego, ntọala na ọrụ ọha na eze, ụlọ akụ, ịnshọransị na ụlọ ọrụ ego ndị ọzọ na nkwekọrịta.<ref name="nassnig"/> N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2009, o sonyere na esemokwu dị n'etiti Gọvanọ Gbenga Daniel na ndị omeiwu Ogun Iyabo Obasanjo-Bello na Lekan Mustapha. Gbenga Daniel Iyabo Obasanjo-Bello Lekan Mustapha<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200903110252.html|title=Ogun Senators Divided on Daniel's Peace Offer|author=Jide Ajani And Emmanuel Aziken|date=11 March 2009|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=5 October 2009}}</ref> Esemokwu ahụ gara n'ihu ruo n'ọnwa Julaị, ebe ndị okenye Yoruba na-akwado Gọvanọ Daniel ebe ndị nnọchiteanya anọ na ndị omeiwu abụọ nọgidere na-emegide ma ghara ịga nzukọ mgbe onye isi ala Yar'Adua gara steeti ahụ. Yoruba Yar'Adua<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/07/06/ogun-crisis-bigwigs-shun-yaraduas-visit/|title=Ogun crisis: Bigwigs shun Yar'Adua's visit|date=6 July 2009|author=Kolade Larewaju|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=5 October 2009}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2009, Bajomo so na ndị omeiwu iri mere njem a na-ese okwu na-akwụ ụgwọ niile na Ghana, ebe a nụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ nwere mmetụta na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe gbasara Petroleum Industry Bill. Senate nyere iwu nyocha zuru oke banyere okwu ahụ site na Kọmitii Omume, Ụkpụrụ Omume na Mkpesa Ọha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/news/article01//indexn2_html?pdate=140509&ptitle=Senate%20probes%20bribery%20claims%20over%20oil%20bill|date=14 May 2009|title=Senate probes bribery claims over oil bill|author=John-Abba Ogbodo and Azimazi Momoh Jimoh|publisher=Guardian|accessdate=5 October 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422102827/http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/news/article01|archivedate=22 April 2009}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, enwere igbu oge n'inye akụkọ kọmitii ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanabusinessnews.com/2009/09/22/nigeria-senate-probe-report-on-ghana-visit-under-the-carpet/|date=22 September 2009|title=Nigeria Senate probe report on Ghana visit under the carpet?|publisher=Ghana Business News|accessdate=5 October 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815223355/http://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2009/09/22/nigeria-senate-probe-report-on-ghana-visit-under-the-carpet/|archivedate=15 August 2011}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2009, ọ kpọrọ oku ka Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka ego na ụlọ akụ etiti Naịjirịa (CBN) na ndị ọkachamara gbasara akụnaụba ndị ọzọ tinye ego n'akụnụba.  N'ikwu okwu banyere onyinye mbụ ọha na eze (IPO) tupu nsogbu ego na nso nso a, ebe ọtụtụ ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ ọnụ ahịa, o kwuru na Securities and Exchange Commission kwesịrị imeso ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ ahụ, ma ọ bụghị Economic and Financial Crimes Commission ma ọ bụrụ na enweghi ihe àmà doro anya nke.  wayo.[1]  O kwuburu na mbụ na ijeri naira 420 nke CBN jiri gbapụta ụlọ akụ ise achọghị ka ndị omeiwu mba ahụ nweta ya.[2].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200909110073.html|title=Bajomo – Bailout Fund Didn't Need Appropriation|author=Sufuyan Ojeifo|date=11 September 2009|publisher=This Day|accessdate=5 October 2009}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bajomo, Felix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] eg8jt39oukwtrqzbviob9q9gw5oz10s 0 31913 692326 175569 2026-07-29T19:33:30Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Felix Salako|image=|office=6th [[Vice-Chancellor of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta]]|term_start=1 November 2017|term_end=1 November 2022|predecessor=[[Ololade Enikuomehin]]|successor=Olusola Kehinde ''(acting)''|birth_name=Felix Kolawole Salako|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1961|4|18|df=y}}|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|alma_mater={{plainlist| *[[University of Nigeria]] *[[University of Ibadan]] }}|residence=[[Abeokuta]]|profession=[[Academic]]<br/>[[Educator]]<br/>[[Academic administration|Administrator]]}} Felix Kolawole Salako (amụrụ n'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1961) bụ onye Naijiria prọfesọ nke Physics nke ala onye jere ozi dị ka osote onye isi nke Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria site n'afọ 2017 ruo 2022. Felix Kolawole Salako Ala Physics Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta<ref>{{Cite web|author=Toriola|first=Olajide|date=2017-10-31|title=Salako Became The Sixth FUNAAB VC|url=https://westernpostnigeria.com/salako-became-the-sixth-funaab-vc/|accessdate=2020-09-25|work=Western Post News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="FUNAAB 2009">{{Cite web|title=FUNAAB|work=FUNAAB|date=2009-10-13|url=https://unaab.edu.ng/university-vice-chancellor-63595718/|accessdate=2020-09-24|archivedate=2020-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929011917/https://unaab.edu.ng/university-vice-chancellor-63595718/}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu Soil Science Society of Nigeria (FSSSN) ma bụrụ osote onye isi ala ugboro abụọ tupu e bulie ya dị ka osote onyeisi ala.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=17 November 2018|title=We need ethical revolution to get things right in Nigeria'|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/we-need-ethical-revolution-to-get-things-right-in-nigeria/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529121026/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/we-need-ethical-revolution-to-get-things-right-in-nigeria/|archivedate=2022-05-29|accessdate=2020-09-25|work=guardian.ng}}</ref> == Mmụta == Salako gara Apostolic Church Grammar School, obodo Orishigun, Lagos na Jenụwarị 1973. Ọ bụ onye isi ọrụ n'oge oge agụmakwụkwọ 1976/77 ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1977 na Division One nke West African School Certificate (WASC). Ọ gara Mahadum Naijiria, Nsukka ebe ọ natara B.Agric na Msc na Soil Sciences na 1983 na 1986 n'otu n'otu. Mahadum nke Naijiria<ref>{{Cite web|author=Babah|first=Chinedu|date=2017-09-19|title=SALAKO, Prof Felix Kolawole|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/salako-professor-felix-kolawole/|accessdate=2020-09-25|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> O mechara nweta PhD ya na Mahadum Ibadan n'afọ 1997. Mahadum nke Ibadan<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-25|title=FUNAAB Appoints New VC, Registrar, Bursar|url=http://community.unaab.edu.ng/blog/2017/09/25/funaab-appoints-new-vc-registrar-bursar/|accessdate=2020-09-25|work=FUNAAB Community|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ ya == Salako malitere ọrụ ya na 1987 dị ka onye ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ala na TCI Associates, Ibadan. O mechara gaa na International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan na 1989 iji jikwaa, nke mbụ, ọrụ IITA / United Nations University nke dị n'ime Okomu Oil Palm Company, Okomu Forest Reserve, Edo State dị ka onye na-eme nchọpụta. O mechara rụọ ọrụ na ọrụ nyocha dị iche iche na IITA, Ibadan ruo afọ iri na otu (1989-2000). Prọfesọ Salako sonyeere ọrụ nke Mahadum Federal nke Ọrụ Ugbo, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), na 2000 dị ka Onye nkuzi dị elu na Ngalaba Sayensị Ala na Nchịkwa Ala (nke bụbu Ngalaba Sayense Ala na Ọrụ Ugbo). Ewezuga nkuzi nkuzi na ọkwa undergraduate na postgraduate, ọ lekọtara ihe karịrị ọrụ undergraduate 50 na ihe karịrị 30 postgraduate theses.<ref>Our campus is safe for reopening - says Salako, FUNAAB VC|url=https://businessday.ng/education/article/covid-19-our-campus-is-safe-for-reopening-says-salako-funaab-vc/%7Caccess-date=2020-09-25%7Cwebsite=Businessday NG</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke ngalaba site na Febụwarị 2001 ruo Disemba, 2006. Ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ nke Physics nke Ala n'afọ 2006 ma o nwere, n'ihe otuto ya, ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 90 na akwụkwọ akụkọ a gụrụ akwụkwọ, isi akwụkwọ, usoro nzukọ na akụkọ teknụzụ. A họpụtara ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ Onye isi nke ngalaba ahụ, ọzọ, n'etiti Jenụwarị na Machị 2008 mgbe otu afọ ezumike ezumike na Mahadum Venice, Venice, Ịtali. N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2008, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi, Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre (AMREC), ọkwá ọ nọrọ ruo n'ọnwa Mach, afọ 2011. Ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi ọsụ ụzọ, Community-Based Farming Scheme (COBFAS), site na Machị 2011 ruo Septemba, 2011. Ọ gara n'ihu bụrụ osote osote onye isi ala (Development) na Septemba 2011 ma nọrọ oge abụọ nke afọ abụọ ọ bụla ruo na Disemba, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unaab.edu.ng/university-vice-chancellor-63595718/|title=University Vice Chancellor – FUNAAB|date=13 October 2009|accessdate=4 October 2023|archivedate=5 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705035604/https://unaab.edu.ng/university-vice-chancellor-63595718/}}</ref> E depụtara Prọfesọ Salako na Marquis Who-is-Who in Science and Engineering, Eighth Edition, 2005-2006 maka ihe ndị pụtara ìhè. O nwetala ọtụtụ nkwado nkwado nyocha, nke gụnyere Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) na Training and Research in Italian Laboratories (TRIL) nke Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Italy. O sonyere nke ọma site na 2016 ruo 2020 na African Cassava Agronomy Initiative (ACAI dị ka onye nhazi ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ n'okpuru nkwado nke IITA, Ibadan. Ọ bụkwa onye otu ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara ma bụrụkwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Iowa, USA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unaab.edu.ng/university-vice-chancellor-63595718/|title=University Vice Chancellor – FUNAAB|date=13 October 2009|accessdate=4 October 2023|archivedate=5 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705035604/https://unaab.edu.ng/university-vice-chancellor-63595718/}}</ref> Prọfesọ Salako lekwasịrị anya na nyocha ya kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ na: (1) Rainfall Erosivity na Nchekwa Ala, (2) Soil Water Flux na Evapotranspiration, na (3) Soil Water Management site na iji Agronomic Practices na Improved Fallow Systems. Ọ na-etinye aka na ọrụ mmepe obodo ime obodo na Naịjirịa niile. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a mere ka a sọpụrụ ya na utu aha ndị isi na obodo abụọ dị na steeti Ogun; Ishaga Orile na Iwoye Ketu. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye ndu obodo n'ebe obibi onwe onye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unaab.edu.ng/university-vice-chancellor-63595718/|title=University Vice Chancellor – FUNAAB|date=13 October 2009|accessdate=4 October 2023|archivedate=5 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705035604/https://unaab.edu.ng/university-vice-chancellor-63595718/}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Salako, Felix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7nob0cdyp9r7e0v12m0h1muekbu2bdg 0 31914 692297 141100 2026-07-29T18:51:24Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Felix Obada (amuru 3 Nọvemba 1989) bu onye egwu bọọlụ Naijiria nke na-agba Küçük Kaymaklı Türk na Turkish Cypriot KTFF Süper Lig.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ktff.org/BilgiBankasi/FutbolcuDetayi/17182|title=FELIX OBADA Bilgileri|work=www.ktff.org|accessdate=2018-05-21}}</ref> == Ọrụ ya == N'afọ 2008, Malmö FF lere onye ọkpọ Naijiria anya.  Klọb kacha elu nke Sweden nyere Obada na enyi ya Bernard Parker ule.  Ikpe ahụ mere maka izu abụọ ma masịrị ha dị ka Bengt Madsen si kwuo.[1]  Oge a ruo ugbu a na TRZ esonyela na egwuregwu 4 maka ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ, na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ 1 "thunderous" wee bịanye aka na 18 July 2009 maka Maritzburg United.[2] N'afọ 2008, Malmö FF lere onye na-agba ọsọ Naijiria anya. Malmö FF Klọb kachasị elu nke Sweden nyere Obada na onye ibe ya Bernard Parker ule. Bernard Parker Ikpe ahụ were izu abụọ ma ha abụọ masịrị dịka Bengt Madsen si kwuo. Bengt Madsen<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trzfc.com/Obada_overseas|title=Obada joins Parker for trials in Sweden|accessdate=2009-12-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216215711/http://trzfc.com/Obada_overseas|archivedate=2009-02-16}}</ref> N'oge a na TRZ esonyewo na egwuregwu 4 maka klọb ahụ, na-agba goolu 1 "thunderous" wee bịanye aka na 18 Julaị 2009 maka Maritzburg United. Maritzburg United<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/1659/south-africa/2009/07/18/1389198/felix-obada-joins-maritzburg-united|title=Felix Obada Joins Maritzburg United {{!}} Goal.com|work=www.goal.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-05-21}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Felix Obada at Soccerway {{DEFAULTSORT:Obada, Felix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] gjk5s1rp7maiealoi0nyphqqelzylb7 0 31916 692321 538105 2026-07-29T19:25:16Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Felix Onyedika Ogbuke// ⓘ (amụrụ 18 Septemba 1985) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa lara ezumike nka bụ onye gbara bọọlụ bọọlụ Vietnamese QNK Quảng Nam. == Ọrụ klọb == Ogbuke malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Rangers Football Club nke Enugu na 2002/2003 Nigerian Professional Football League (NPFL) Season. Rangers Nigerian Professional Football League Ọrụ ya na Europe malitere mgbe ọ sonyere na mkpọsa otu U23 nke Naịjirịa na All Africa Games nke akpọrọ COJA 2003. Europe All Africa Games<ref name=":0" /> Ọ sonyeere Al Was nke United Arab Emirate, UAE, (2003-2004) ebe o si kwaga n'akụkụ Israel F.C. Ashdod (2004-2006). Al bụ United Arab Emirate F.C. Ashdod<ref name=":0" /> Ogbuke gbara bọọlụ atọ ndị ọzọ n'Izrel, Hapoel Tel Aviv (2006-2007), Macabi Petah Tekva (2007-2009) na Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan (2009-2010) tupu ndị dike Saịprọs, Apollon Limassol (2010-2011) ejide ya. Hapoel Tel Aviv Macabi Petah Tekva Hakoah Amidar Apollon Limassol<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Ezekute|first=Nnamdi|date=2019-09-12|title=Ogbuke Unsure Of Rangers Future With One Season Left On Contract|url=https://www.completesports.com/ogbuke-unsure-of-rangers-future-with-one-season-left-on-contract/|accessdate=2023-04-16|work=Complete Sports|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEzekute2019">Ezekute, Nnamdi (2019-09-12). [https://www.completesports.com/ogbuke-unsure-of-rangers-future-with-one-season-left-on-contract/ "Ogbuke Unsure Of Rangers Future With One Season Left On Contract"]. ''Complete Sports''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-16</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Soccer Galacticos Pull in the Crowds|language=en|work=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-07-04/ty-article/soccer-galacticos-pull-in-the-crowds/0000017f-db50-df62-a9ff-dfd761180000|accessdate=2023-04-16}}</ref> Ogbuke laghachiri n'asọmpi Naijiria nwa oge ka ọ kpọọ maka Sharks tupu ọ banye n'akụkụ Polish, Leggia Warsaw (2011) site na ebe ọ kwagara Vietnamese,  Hoang Anh Via Laid (2014) na emesia.  Quang Nam bụkwa nke Vietnam (2016).[1][3][4] Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgbakọ Vietnamese QNK Quang Nam tọhapụrụ ya na 2017 yana na Jenụwarị 2018, Rangers bịanyere aka na Oguke.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-01-06|title=Nigerian overseas-based stars ‘relaunch’ careers with NPFL|url=https://punchng.com/nigerian-overseas-based-stars-relaunch-careers-with-npfl/|accessdate=2023-04-16|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2020, Felix Ogbuke laghachiri na Enugu Rangers na nkwekọrịta ọnwa isii mgbe e weere ya na mbụ dị ka ihe karịrị akarị maka ihe achọrọ ma mee ka klọb ahụ dịkwuo mfe. Ndị Ranger<ref name=":2" /> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ogbuke nọchitere anya Naijiria na U17s, U20s, U23s na ọkwa zuru oke nke mba ụwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Ezekute|first=Nnamdi|date=2020-01-28|title=Ogbuke Rejoins Rangers After Six Months Without Club|url=https://www.completesports.com/ogbuke-rejoins-rangers-after-six-months-without-club/|accessdate=2023-04-16|work=Complete Sports|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEzekute2020">Ezekute, Nnamdi (2020-01-28). [https://www.completesports.com/ogbuke-rejoins-rangers-after-six-months-without-club/ "Ogbuke Rejoins Rangers After Six Months Without Club"]. ''Complete Sports''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-16</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Online|first=The Eagle|date=2018-11-27|title=Ex-Super Eagles player optimistic about Rangers’ victory over Defence Force -|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/ex-super-eagles-player-optimistic-about-rangers-victory-over-defence-force/|accessdate=2023-04-16|work=The Eagle Online|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Felix Ogbuke at Soccerway {{DEFAULTSORT:Ogbuke, Felix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] c5pdpapi82xo6pxqquc0705wdfj1tth 0 31917 692324 141104 2026-07-29T19:31:46Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Felix Orode (amụrụ na 28 Julaị 1990, na Lagos) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti. Felix Orode Lagos E wezụga Naịjirịa, ọ gbara bọọlụ na Spain, Argentina, na Peru.<ref>[https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4078/exclusives/2016/07/02/25259932/interview-felix-orode-talks-about-life-in-argentina-and-his Felix Orode talks about life in Argentina and his Super Eagles dream] goal.com</ref> == Ọrụ ya == === Ọrụ klọb === Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, Orode gbara goolu na Ngalaba Mbụ nke Naịjirịa na Eprel 24, 2004, na-egwuri egwu maka Mighty Jets megide Plateau United. Mgbe ọ gafere Mighty Jet na Naịjirịa, onye ọrụ FIFA bụ Marcelo Houseman chọpụtara ya, onye kpọgara ya na Lleida site na Spain na 2009, ebe a họpụtara ya ka ya na ndị otu ahụ zụọ. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ gara San Lorenzo, site na Ngalaba Mbụ nke Argentina, nke zụrụ 40% nke ikike ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Nọvemba, ọ malitere na ndị otu mbụ, na-anọchi Diego Rivero, megide Huracán, na Parque Patricios, egwuregwu nke o nyere Juan Manuel Torres nnukwu enyemaka na goolu nke abụọ nke otu ya. O sonyere na asọmpi nchekwa ebe ọ bụ onye na-agba otu ihe ahụ. Mgbe onye nkuzi Diego Simeonede kwupụtara na a gaghị echebara ya echiche maka asọmpi ọzọ nke afọ 2010, e nyere onye ọkpụkpọ Naijiria ahụ ego na Nueva Chicago, nke Metropolitan B, ebe ọ gbara ọtụtụ egwuregwu na-eme nke ọma. Na June 2010, ọ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ maka Comodoro Rivadavia CAI na-egwu na asọmpi National B.  Na mmalite nke 2012, e zigara ya na Excursionistas, ebe ọ na-egwuri egwu n'ọtụtụ egwuregwu na asọmpi Primera C na ọbụna na Copa Argentina.  Na semester nke abụọ nke 2012, Luján bịanyere aka na ya.  N'etiti 2013 ọ rutere Comunicaciones, ebe Jorge Vivaldo duziri ya.  Na 2014 o nwere obere oge na Walter Ormeño Sports Club nke ngalaba nke abụọ nke Peru na otu afọ ahụ ọ laghachiri na Excursionistas.  Ọ hụrụ ya na 2016 na-egwu na Sportivo Barracas de la Primera C, nke bọọlụ Argentine.. Na 2017 ọ bịanyere aka na Depro, nke sitere na mpaghara Entre Ríos, nke ọ na-arụrịta ụka na Federal Tournament Nkeji nke atọ nke bọọlụ Argentine.. == Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Profaịlụ na BDFA (n'asụsụ Spanish) Profaịlụ dị na BDFA * Felix Orode at FootballDatabase.eu * Felix Orode at Soccerway {{DEFAULTSORT:Orode, Felix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lgczlxr3wva01rv14l1jxl0d28kfjj6 0 31919 692327 141107 2026-07-29T19:34:21Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Felix Okon Udoh (amụrụ 28 Disemba 1993) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa nke na-agba egwu dịka azụ aka ekpe maka Partizani Tirana na Albanian Superliga.<ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/players/felix-udoh/197713/ Soccerway Profile]</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Udoh, Felix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ia5kkuiyggpg72wwbguead7ehkgucax 0 31929 692365 137722 2026-07-29T20:49:50Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692365 wikitext text/x-wiki <references group="" responsive="0"></references>{{Databox}} Femi Euba Listenⓘ (amuru Eprel 1939) bu onye omere, odee na onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye biputala otutu oru ejije, echiche, na akụkọ ifo.  Ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri gụnyere ime ihe nkiri, edemede egwuregwu na nduzi.  Otu n'ime ihe nkiri ya bụ omenala ndị Yoruba. == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ya == Amụrụ na Lagos, Nigeria, nwa Alfeus Sobiyi Euba na Winifred Remilekun Euba (née Dawodu), [1] Femi Euba gụrụ akwụkwọ ime ihe na England na Rose Bruford College nke Okwu na ihe nkiri, na-enweta diplọma.  na 1965, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ pụtara na ọtụtụ ihe ngosi na London ogbo, gụnyere 1966 Royal Court Theatre mmepụta nke Wole Soyinka's  The Lion and the Jewel (dị ka Lakunle the Schoolteacher)  , [2] na Shakespeare's  Macbeth, ya na Sir Sir Alec Guinness dị ka  Macbeth   , duziri site William Gaskill.[3]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://rowman.com/isbn/9781498545662/african-modernity-and-the-philosophy-of-culture-in-the-works-of-femi-euba|title=African Modernity and the Philosophy of Culture in the Works of Femi Euba|first=Iyunolu|publisher=Lexington Books|date=June 2017|author=Osagie|isbn=978-1-4985-4566-2|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>Martin Banham, [http://www.blackplaysarchive.org.uk/featured-content/essays/critical-responses%3A-wole-soyinka%E2%80%99s-the-lion-and-the-jewel.-royal-court-theatre,-london,-december-1966.-by-professor-martin-banham "Critical Responses: Wole Soyinka’s The Lion and the Jewel. Royal Court Theatre, London, December 1966"], Black Plays Archive, National Theatre.</ref><ref>[https://bbashakespeare.warwick.ac.uk/productions/macbeth-1966-english-stage-company-royal-court-theatre "Macbeth (1966)"], British Black and Asian Shakespeare Performance Database (BBA Shakespeare), University of Warwick, 2016.</ref> Euba hapụrụ London n'afọ 1970 iji mụọ Playwriting na Dramatic Literature na Yale School of Drama, ebe ọ nwetara MFA n'afọ 1973. Yale School of Drama MFA N'afọ 1980-82, ọ laghachiri Yale ịmụ ihe, na-enweta MA na Afro-American Studies. Ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ afọ ole na ole, wee nweta PhD na Literature-in-English na Mahadum Ife, Naịjirị (nke bụzi Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo), na 1986. Mahadum nke Ife<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lsu.edu/cmda/theatre/about/faculty-staff/euba.php|title=Femi Euba {{!}} Biography|publisher=[[Louisiana State University|LSU]], College of Music & Dramatic Arts // School of Theatre|accessdate=6 November 2022}}</ref> Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, Euba akụziwo na kọleji na mahadum dị iche iche, na Naijiria na US, gụnyere kọleji William & Mary na Virginia. Kọleji nke William & Mary na Virginia Ugbu a ọ bụ Louise na Kenneth Kinney Prọfesọ na Mahadum Steeti Louisiana, ọ gara n'ihu na-akụzi edemede egwuregwu, na akwụkwọ ndị dị egwu, na-elekwasị anya na ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri nke Africa na nke ndị Afrịka. Mahadum Steeti Louisiana Ọ bụkwa onye ndụmọdụ na Black Theatre. N'etiti ọtụtụ ihe nrite ya dị ka onye nduzi bụ Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman (2008) na The Trials of Brother Jero (1988); Edouard Glissant's Monsieur Toussaint (1990); August Wilson's Joe Turner's Come and Gone (1994); Shakespeare's The Tempest (2005); Molière's The Learned Ladies (1991); Euripides' Alcestis (2001); Athol Fugard's Sizwe Bansi is Dead (1992-93); African Mer Mer Mer Merly Condy (1993)), The Mer Mer Mercy's Mer Mer Merley's Mercy (1992); The African Company (1992); Mer Mer Merbybybyby Mer Mer Merry Mer Mer Merki (2012), The Mer Mercy (1999)), The Mercy (1993) Ọnwụ na onye na-agba ịnyịnya nke Eze Ọnwụnwa nke Nwanna Jero Edouard Glissant Monsieur Toussaint August Wilson Joe Turner's Come and Gone The Tempest Molière The Learned Ladies Euripides Alcestis Athol Fugard Sizwe Bansi is Dead Richard Brinsley Sheridan The African Company Presents Richard III Henrik Ibsen Hedda Gabler Maryse Condé Tropical Breeze Hotel Eduardo Machado Broken Eggs Stephen Adly Guirgis Our Lady of 121st Street Tarell Alvin McCraney Brothers<ref>[https://dohdramaturg.wordpress.com/about-the-playwright-femi-euba/ "About the director — Femi Euba"], ''Dionysus of the Holocaust''.</ref> == Ọrụ ya == * "Akibu: egwuregwu maka telivishọn n'akụkụ abụọ" na Five African Plays; ed. Egwuregwu Ise nke Afrịka Cosmo Pieterse Cosmo Pieterse London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1972. * A Riddle of the Palms and Crocodiles (egwuregwu), Negro Ensemble Company, 1973. Ihe omimi nke ụlọ ọrụ nkwụ na agụ iyi Negro Ensemble * Archetypes, Imprecators and Victims of Fate: Origins and Developments of Satire in Black Drama, Greenwood Press, 1989, <nowiki>ISBN 0-313-25557-1</nowiki> Archetypis, Imprecateors and Victimes of Fate (Origin and Developments) __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ISBN __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ 0-313-25557-1 * The Gulf, Longman, 1991. Ọwara Oké Osimiri * "The Eye of Gabriel" (egwuregwu), na Black Drama, Alexander Street Press, 2002. Ihe nkiri ojii Alexander Street Press * "Dionysus of the Holocaust" (egwuregwu), na Black Drama, Alexander Street Press, 2002. Ihe nkiri ojii * Poetics of the Creative Process: An Organic Practicum to Playwriting, University Press of America, 2005. Poetics of the Creative Process: An Organic Practicum to Playwriting University Press of America * Camwood at Crossroads (akwụkwọ akụkọ), Xlibris, 2007. Camwood na Crossroads Xlibris<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3iibMu0Qjs8C&dq=Femi+Euba+actor&pg=PA164|title=Postcolonial African Writers:A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook|editor=Siga Fatima Jagne|isbn=978-0205-164875|year=1998|accessdate=8 August 2014|publisher=Greenwood}}</ref>(N'onwe ya bipụtara) N'onwe ya == Edensibia == {{Authority control}} * Ndị edemede nke oge a n'ịntanetị, Thomson Gale, 2005. * College of Music & Dramatic Arts, Louisiana State University [nkwekọrịta nwụrụ anwụ na-adịgide adịgide] College of Music and Dramatic arts, Louisiana State State University __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ [ njikọ nwụrụ anwụ na-adịgide adịgide ] {{DEFAULTSORT:Euba, Femi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qxagsdfbxs34wtp8g1exb8kw6mjpulu 0 31931 692367 198087 2026-07-29T20:59:57Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692367 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}} Femi Falana, SAN (amụrụ na 20 Mee 1958) bụ onye ọka iwu Naijiria na onye na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ. Femi Falana SAN Onye ọka iwu Naijiria onye na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ<ref>{{Cite web|author=Abeni|first=Margaret|date=2017-06-28|title=The FAMOUS FIGHTER for human rights in Nigeria! Who is he?|url=https://www.legit.ng/1112126-femi-falana-biography.html|accessdate=2021-10-10|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=MR. Femi Falana, HLR|url=https://hallmarksoflabour.org/citations/mr-femi-falana-hlr/|work=Hallmark of Labour|accessdate=24 January 2019|archivedate=25 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125020418/https://hallmarksoflabour.org/citations/mr-femi-falana-hlr/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationng.com/tag/femi-falana|title=Femi Falana|work=informationng.com|accessdate=1 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.okay.ng/tag/femi-falana|title=Femi Falana|work=okay.ng|accessdate=6 August 2018}}</ref> Ọ bụ nna onye na-eti egwu na Naijiria bụ Folarin Falana nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Falz. Falz<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ayodele|first=Racheal|date=2023-04-04|title=Why my son always embarrasses government - Falz's father, Femi Falana|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/04/why-my-son-always-embarrasses-government-falzs-father-femi-falana/|accessdate=2023-07-07|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Falana bụ onye a ma ama na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, na-agbalị mgbe niile igosi ọmịiko n'ebe ndị mmadụ nọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Abeni|first=Margaret|date=2017-06-28|title=The FAMOUS FIGHTER for human rights in Nigeria! Who is he?|url=https://www.legit.ng/1112126-femi-falana-biography.html|accessdate=2021-10-10|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka imegide mmegbu, site n'aka ndị isi agha na-esote.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Abeni|first=Margaret|date=2017-06-28|title=The FAMOUS FIGHTER for human rights in Nigeria! Who is he?|url=https://www.legit.ng/1112126-femi-falana-biography.html|accessdate=2021-10-10|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> == Agumakwukwo ya == Femi Falana [1] bụ nwa akwụkwọ St. Michael's School site na 1963 ruo 1968. Mgbe ọ gụchara ụlọ akwụkwọ a, Femi Falana gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Sacred Heart Catholic Seminary site na 1971 - 1975, Ọ malitere usoro iwu ya na 1982. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ iwu ya na 1971.  2012, Femi Falana ghọrọ onye ọkaiwu ukwu na Naijiria.  Ọ gụchara na mahadum Ife n'oge ahụ, bụzị Obafemi Awolowo University nke Ile Ife Osun State. Ọ bụ onye isi na Falana na Falana Chambers nke ya na nwunye ya, Funmi Falana na-elekọta. Funmi Falana O sonyere ma merie na ntuli aka gọvanọ nke Ekiti Steeti na 2007 na ikpo okwu nke National Conscience Party, otu pati ọ jere ozi dị ka Onye isi oche mba na 2011. Ekiti State National Conscience Party<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2015/10/femi-falana-biography.html?m=1|title=Femi Falana|work=nigerianbiography.com|accessdate=December 1, 2015|archivedate=December 8, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141033/http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2015/10/femi-falana-biography.html?m=1}}</ref> Ọ bụ nna Falz, onye ama ama na Naijiria rapper, onye na-agụ abụ, onye na-agụ ọchị na onye na-eme ihe nkiri [1] na di nke onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria Funmi Falana.[2]  Ọ bụ nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara: West African Bar Association, Member, Nigerian Bar Association and Member, Fellow of the Nigerian Institute of Chartered Arbitrators (NICarb), West African Bar Association, Member, Pan African Lawyers Union and Member, International Bar Association.  [3][4][5]<ref>{{Cite web|author=Legalnaija|date=2017-08-18|title=Star Profile – Mr. Femi Falana SAN, LL.B, B.L, FCI, Arb. - Legal Naija|url=https://legalnaija.com/star-profile-mr-femi-falana-san-llb-bl/02900951941647681314/|accessdate=2021-06-01|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ifeoma|first=Peters|title=Legal Luminary Profile: Femi Falana SAN - DNL Legal and Style|url=https://dnllegalandstyle.com/2017/legal-luminary-profile-femi-falana-san/|accessdate=2021-06-01|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518185532/https://dnllegalandstyle.com/2017/legal-luminary-profile-femi-falana-san/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Femi Falana|url=https://falanafalana.com.ng/teammate/femi-falana/|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925151646/https://falanafalana.com.ng/teammate/femi-falana/|archivedate=2021-09-25|accessdate=}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == * Femi Falana bụ otu n'ime ndị a họpụtara maka The Future Awards Africa (TFAA) nke isiokwu "na-eme emume ndị na-ama aka na ndị na-ewu ụlọ". Ihe nrite ọdịnihu Africa E nyere ya ihe nrite ahụ maka mmetụta ya n'ịgbakwunye ụkpụrụ na ịkpali ọgbọ na-abịanụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff|first=Daily Post|date=2022-02-14|title=The Future Awards Africa 2022: Femi Falana, Tony Elumelu, Atedo Peterside, others nominated|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/02/14/the-future-awards-africa-2022-femi-falana-tony-elumelu-atedo-peterside-others-nominated/|accessdate=2023-07-07|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * Femi Falana nwetara onyinye Civic Activism Award site n'aka BudgIT otu ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ na-ahụ maka data obodo 2022. BudgIT * E nyere Femi Falana onyinye Bernard Simons Memorial Award nke International Bar Association n'afọ 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Civil Rights Lawyer, Femi Falana Wins Prestigious IBA's Bernard Simons Memorial Award 2008 {{!}} Sahara Reporters|url=https://saharareporters.com/2008/08/19/nigerian-civil-rights-lawyer-femi-falana-wins-prestigious-ibas-bernard-simons-memorial|accessdate=2023-07-07|work=saharareporters.com}}</ref> * E nyere Femi Falana Lifetime Achievement Award for Human and Civil Rights site na LXG Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fela, TB Joshua, Falana, Others Honoured By LXG Awards|url=https://independent.ng/fela-tb-joshua-falana-others-honoured-by-lxg-awards/}}</ref> * E nyere Femi Falana ihe nrite onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, nke Wole Soyinka Centre for Investigative Journalism (WSCIJ) nyere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-09|title=Falana honoured with Wole Soyinka 'Human Rights Defender' award|url=https://www.thecable.ng/falana-honoured-with-wole-soyinka-human-rights-defender-award|accessdate=2023-07-07|work=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gụnyere Governance in Post Military Nigeria Fundamental Rights Enforcement, Legaltext Publishing Company 2005. Naịjirịa == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Falana, Femi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ey544hm8uor3dxhqm3rca3609n51mmv 0 32064 692284 630752 2026-07-29T18:18:22Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Adunni Oluwole | party = Nigerian Commoners Liberal Party | death_date = 1957 | birth_place = Ibadan, Oyo State | birth_date = 1905 | education = St. John's School, Aroloya, Lagos State }} '''Adunni Oluwole''' {{Audio|Adunni_Oluwole.wav|listen}} (1905-1957) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria tupu nnwere onwe na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ bụ onye na-emegide nnwere onwe.<ref name="Vanguard">.{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/adunni-oluwole-warned-independence/|title=Adunni Oluwole warned against this independence|date=2018-01-09|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-07-27}}</ref> A mụrụ ya na [[Ibadan]], Oyo Steeti ma zụlite ya na Aroloya, [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]]. Ọ bụ onye nkwusa na-agagharị agagharị nke nkà ya n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha nyere aka mee ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama. Ọ banyere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'afọ 1954, wee guzobe Nigerian Commoners Liberal Party. Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1957 mgbe ọ rịasịrị obere ọrịa.<ref name="Litcaf">{{Cite web|url=https://litcaf.com/olaniwun-adunni-oluwole/|title=Adunni Oluwole|date=2016-01-27|work=Litcaf|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-07-27|archivedate=2021-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625100635/https://litcaf.com/olaniwun-adunni-oluwole/}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Adunni Oluwole mụrụ n'Ibadan n'afọ 1905 site n'ezinụlọ ndị agha n'Ibadan. Mgbe esemokwu ezinụlọ gasịrị, nne ya na ụmụnne ya kwagara Aroloya, Lagos ebe ha bi na nso Ụka St. John. Adolphus Howells, onye Vicar, nyeere ezinụlọ ahụ aka ịzụlite mgbe ha nọ n'ógbè ahụ. Ya na ndị Howells biri, bụ ndị debanyere aha ya na St. John's School, Aroloya.[1] Agbanyeghị, ọ laghachiri na nlekọta nne ya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị.[2] Site na 1925 ruo 1932, Oluwole sonyere na idu ndú na ọrụ dị egwu na chọọchị St. John. Dị ka onye ntorobịa, o dere egwuregwu maka Girl's Guild nke onye na-ahụ maka mba [[Herbert Macaulay]] duziri.<ref name="Litcaf"/> Ọ gara n'ihu guzobe ụlọ ihe nkiri ọkachamara nke nwanyị mbụ na Western Nigeria. <ref name="Litcaf" /> N'oge na-adịghị anya Oluwole ghọrọ onye nkwusa na-eme njem. Ọ kpagburu nnọọ ibubata ozu n’ime chọọchị dị iche iche maka olili, na-azọrọ na ya ahụla ọhụụ sitere n’aka Chineke nke na-ekwu na ya bụ Chineke nke ndị dị ndụ, ọ bụghịkwa ndị nwụrụ anwụ. Ikike o nwere ikwu okwu n’ihu ọha dọtara ọtụtụ mmadụ ma mee ka ọ bụrụ aha ezinụlọ.[1] == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Ọganihu Oluwole n'ime ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị malitere site na ọgbaghara ndị ọrụ n'ozuzu ya na 1945; ọ kwadoro ndị ọrụ, na-akpali ndị inyom na-akwado ma na-enye onyinye ego ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị nwanyị bara ọgaranya.<ref name="Vanguard"/> N'afọ 1954, o guzobere Nigerian Commoners Liberal Party, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu ya bụ ụmụ nwoke. Naanị ọnwa ise ka e guzobere ya, ọ meriri oche na Ikirun, Osun North, na-emeri NCNC na AG. Oluwole bụ onye na-emegide nnwere onwe ma megidekwa ntuli aka nnwere onwe mgbe e wepụtara ụbọchị mbụ n'afọ 1956. Ihe kpatara ya bụ na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi ma bụrụ ndị Africa kwere ka ọ chịa.[1]. Ozi ya kpaliri ndị bi n'ime ime obodo wee bụrụ ndị a ma ama n'etiti ndị Yoruba dịka "Egbe Koyinbo Mailo" nke pụtara "Onye Ọcha ekwesịghị ịga"[2]. Ntugharị ahụ adịteghị aka n'ihi na emechiri ya n'ihi enweghị ego.[3] N'afọ 1955, ọ gara n'ihu Olubadan na Ibadan iji gosipụta echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya, mana [[Adegoke Adelabu]] mechiri ya bụ onye kpọrọ ya onye na-eme ihe ike ma yie egwu iji mkpara tie ya ihe. E mechara chụpụ ya na Ibadan ma kwaga Akure ebe ọ gara n'ihu na-agbasa ozi ya na-emegide nnwere onwe.<ref name="Litcaf"/> Oluwole bụkwa onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị ma na-achọ ka ụmụ nwanyị sonye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nzukọ iwu. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://woman.ng/2017/07/brief-history-adunni-oluwole-human-rights-activist-fought-workers-general-strike-1945/|title=A Brief History Of Adunni Oluwole - The Human Rights Activist Who Fought For Workers During The General Strike In 1945|author=Woman.NG|date=2017-07-19|work=Woman.NG|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-07-27|archivedate=2019-07-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727144759/http://woman.ng/2017/07/brief-history-adunni-oluwole-human-rights-activist-fought-workers-general-strike-1945/}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Oluwole, Adun}} [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme edemede]] i0qnizz2fo05onwa0kc13evh38w24gc 0 32075 692498 141085 2026-07-30T09:04:56Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Fatimah Muhammad Sha'ban (amụrụ n'afọ 1965) bụ onye edemede Omani. Fatimah Muhammad Sha'ban Ọ bụ nwanyị Omani mbụ bipụtara nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi.<ref name="Michalak-Pikulska2002">{{Cite book|author=B. Michalak-Pikulska|title=Studies in Arabic and Islam: Proceedings of the 19th Congress : Halle 1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZifdBLwZisQC&pg=PA249|year=2002|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-429-1120-8|chapter=Social, Historical and Political Subjects in the Modern Omani Short Story}}</ref> == Ọrụ == * Tariq al-nadam [Ọ gafere iru uju], 1994 Tariq al'nadam * Maw'id ma'a al-qadar [Nzukọ site na Destiny], 2001 Maw'id Ma'a al == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sha'ban, Fatimah Muhammad}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 5i5r3ma9sq4zp7x4khckk3nw97h9g6l 0 32114 692525 621175 2026-07-30T09:29:50Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692525 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}} Fatima Mohammed Habib (amụrụ na 23rd Septemba, 1999) bụ onye ọchụnta ego Naijiria na onye guzobere Advocacy for Human Value Foundation (AHVF), otu Non-Governmental Organization debanyere aha na kọmitii Corporate Affairs nke o guzobere mgbe ọ dị afọ 14. Fatima Mohammed Habib onye ọchụnta ego mmekọrịta ọha na eze Kọmitii na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ụlọ ọrụ<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-01|title=How I started an NGO at JSS I|url=https://dailytrust.com/how-i-started-an-ngo-at-jss-i|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Jeremiah|date=2020-10-24|title=I Fear Doing Something Wrong – Habib|url=https://leadership.ng/i-fear-doing-something-wrong-habib/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218134407/https://leadership.ng/i-fear-doing-something-wrong-habib/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-30|title=Women's March: Fatima M. Habib, born with humanity at heart|url=https://dailytrust.com/womens-march-fatima-m-habib-born-with-humanity-at-heart|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref> Habib so n'ime ndị na-alụ ọgụ megide amaghị akwụkwọ na Northern Nigeria ma ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke "Bring Back Our Girls Campaign" na North East. Ebe Ugwu Naịjirịa Weghachi Ụmụ Anyị<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Ijewere|first=Esther|date=9 February 2019|title='I want to empower, lend my voice to voiceless Northern women' – Fatima Habib|url=https://m.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/i-want-to-empower-lend-my-voice-to-voiceless-northern-women-fatima-habib/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=9 December 2020|work=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bring Back Our Girls Archives|url=http://womenofrubies.com/tag/bring-back-our-girls/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Women of Rubies|date=9 February 2019|language=en-US}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere ndu ya == Habib malitere agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Abande Memorial School, Maiduguri na 2005 wee gụchaa agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Maitama Model Secondary School, Abuja na 2014 na nwa akwụkwọ nke sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Maidugiri. Mahadum Abuja nke Maiduguri<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jeremiah|date=2020-10-24|title=I Fear Doing Something Wrong – Habib|url=https://leadership.ng/i-fear-doing-something-wrong-habib/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218134407/https://leadership.ng/i-fear-doing-something-wrong-habib/}}</ref> == Ọrụ ya == Mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, Fatima tọrọ ntọala Advocacy for Human Value Foundation;  otu nzukọ na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ nke na-achọ imeziwanye ndụ nke ndị na-adịghị ike site n'inye ha mkpa dị mkpa dị ka mmiri, ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha (WASH), ọrụ nlekọta ahụike, nchebe na agụmakwụkwọ n'ofe Nigeria.[1]  Mkpali mbụ ya na nke mbụ sitere na mmetụta nke nna nna ya nwụrụ anwụ, Late Hon.  Kadi Alkali Habib na Alhaji Tahar Ahmad yana nne na nna ya, Muhammad Habib na Rukaiyya Muhammad Tahir.[2].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Leadership Newspaper|first=Leadership Hausa|date=10 October 2020|title=I fear Doing Something Wrong - Fatima Habib|url=https://leadership.ng/i-fear-doing-something-wrong-habib/amp/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=9 December 2020|work=}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba, 2020, Huawei Technology Company Nigeria Limited jikọtara aka na Fatima's NGO na Federal Ministry of Communication and Digital Economy n'inye onyinye Standard ngwá ọrụ ma rụzigharịa ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Al-Walidyn Charitable School na Pantami Community, Gombe State, Naijiria. Huawei Technology Gombe State<ref>{{Cite web|author=Vanguard|first=Newspaper|date=23 October 2020|title=Huawei Technologies partner Ministry to renovate school building, donate IT Equipment in Gombe|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/10/huawei-technologies-partner-ministry-to-renovate-school-building-donate-it-equipment-in-gombe/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=9 December 2020|work=}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Habib, Fatima Mohammed}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] szdnzkh74e9ma3vtgq03blqucte07bu 0 32458 692452 132716 2026-07-30T06:01:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692452 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ịgụ na ide nke ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma''' na-ezo aka n'ikike ndị nọ n"afọ iri na ise nwere ịgụ na ide. N'oge uto bụ oge nke mmepe ngwa ngwa nke uche na akwara, n'oge ụmụaka na-etolite omume (n'ezie ịghọta ihe si n'omume ha pụta), n'ụzọ nghọta (idozi nsogbu, iche echiche, icheta), na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya (na-emeghachi omume na mmetụta, imekọ ihe ọnụ). Ụdị mmepe atọ a niile nwere mmetụta - na ogo dịgasị iche iche - na mmepe nke nkà mmụta. Ọganihu ịgụ na ide nke ndị na-eto eto nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche n'ụlọ na n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Mmekọrịta ndị nne na nna dị oke mkpa ma nwee mmetụta dị mma na ịzụlite nkà mmụta nwatakịrị. Ụlọ akwụkwọ na-etinye ọtụtụ atụmatụ dị iche iche iji melite mmepe agụmakwụkwọ nke nwa akwụkwọ dịka nkuzi mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ gachara, ụdị mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ịkwado ezinụlọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-alụ ọgụ na nkà agụmakwụkwọ. == Ịghọta ịgụ na ide nke ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma == International Reading Association (IRA) na-ekwu na akparamagwa na akwara pụrụ iche nke ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, dị iche na mmepe agụmakwụkwọ nke ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ndị okenye. Ha na-egosi ụkpụrụ asaa na-eduzi mmepe agụmakwụkwọ maka ọgbọ a, nke achọrọ maka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ịghọ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ndụ: * ịnweta ihe dịgasị iche iche a na-agụ iji kwekọọ na ọdịmma ha * ntụziaka nke na-ewulite ma na-azụlite nkà ọgụgụ ha na mmasị ha n'ịgụ ihe maka ederede ndị dị mgbagwoju anya * nyocha nke na-eme ka ike na mkpa pụta ìhè * ndị nkuzi ọkachamara na-emepụta ma na-enye ntụziaka doro anya n'ofe usoro mmụta * nkwado sitere n'aka ndị ọkachamara n'ịgụ akwụkwọ (maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-enwe nsogbu mmụta) * ndị nkuzi na-aghọta mgbagwoju anya nke ndị na-eto eto na-agụ akwụkwọ * ụlọ, obodo, na mba na-akwado mkpa nke ndị na-eto eto na-amụ ihe == Ịzụlite ịgụ na ide nke ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma == Ọganihu ịgụ na ide na-amalite n'oge ọ dị obere, kpọmkwem ụzọ ọ ga-esi mee ga-emetụta ndị mmadụ n'ime okenye. Afọ atọ mbụ nke agụmakwụkwọ bụ ndị kachasị emetụta nkà na nkà ụmụaka na-agụ akwụkwọ. Ọrụ ncheta mepụtara n'ime afọ atọ mbụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị dị mkpa maka usoro mmepe agụmakwụkwọ. Ọrụ ndị a gụnyere icheta ndepụta, ọnụọgụ n'ihu na azụ, na akụkọ dị mkpirikpi. Ikike ndị e mepụtara n'ime afọ atọ mbụ nke agụmakwụkwọ dị mkpa iji zụlite nkà mmụta n'oge na-adịghị anya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Abadzi|first=Helen|date=May 31, 2004|title=Strategies and policies for literacy|journal=Literacy for Life}}</ref> Enwere ike itinye mmepe agụ na agụmakwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ihe ọmụmụ ndị ọzọ iji bulie ịdị irè nke nkuzi. Ịgụ na ide ihe na-eme ka ibe ha sikwuo ike ma na-azụlite nkà n'otu n'ime ha nwere ike ịba uru n'ịgụ na ide n'ozuzu. Ụlọ klas ndị na-ejikọta ma ederede na ntụziaka ịgụ ihe mgbe niile karịa ndị ọzọ na-emepụta nkà mmụta dị elu. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bitter|first=Catherine|date=2009-02-17|title=What Works to Improve Student Literacy Achievement? An Examination of Instructional Practices in a Balanced Literacy Approach|journal=Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk|volume=14|issue=1|pages=17–44|doi=10.1080/10824660802715403|issn=1082-4669}}</ref>Ụfọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na United States na-etinye mmejuputa mmụta sayensị dị ka ntụziaka jikọtara ọnụ. Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-etinye aka n'ụdị ntụziaka agụmakwụkwọ a emeela ka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-enweta ntụziaka asụsụ na sayensị dị iche iche.<ref name=":2" /> Mkpa agụmakwụkwọ dị na ọha mmadụ taa nwere ike igosipụta na ọtụtụ atụmatụ dị iche iche a na-etinye n'ọrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na mmemme mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ gachara maka agụmakwụkwọ. Òtù ndị na-enweghị uru, dị ka Reading Partners, na-arụ ọrụ iji nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka na njem mmepe agụmakwụkwọ ha site na nkuzi mpụga na-agbakwunye nkuzi agụmakwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ndị nkuzi afọ ofufo na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eto eto nwee ọkwa ịgụ na ide site na nkuzi ịgụ na ide. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Learn how Reading Partners increases literacy in our youth!|url=https://readingpartners.org/about-us/|accessdate=2022-05-02|work=Reading Partners|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521115830/https://readingpartners.org/about-us/}}</ref>Ụfọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na United States na-etinye usoro mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ niile iji nweta usoro nhazi maka mmepe agụmakwụkwọ. Ụdị mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ nwere ike ịgụnye mmepe ọkachamara zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ndị nkuzi, ihe agụmakwụkwọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na usoro nkuzi, yana ndị nkuzi agụmakwụkwọ a zụrụ maka ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dum. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Tivnan|first=Terrence|date=May 2005|title=Comparing Four Literacy Reform Models in High‐Poverty Schools: Patterns of First‐Grade Achievement|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/431885|journal=The Elementary School Journal|volume=105|issue=5|pages=419–441|doi=10.1086/431885|issn=0013-5984}}</ref>Ụdị mgbanwe nke ịgụ na ide egosila na ọ dị irè na mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ buru ibu.<ref name=":1" /> Omume mmepe nke ndị na-eto eto nwekwara ike itinye aka n'ụzọ miri emi na ndị na-elekọta ha. Ihe ngwọta ụfọdụ maka amaghị akwụkwọ nke ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma sitere n'ịkụziri ndị nne na nna nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị dara ogbenye otu esi agụ akwụkwọ na ụmụ ha, na ịgba ndị nne na nne na nna ume isonye n'ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ ha site n'ịga ọmụmụ ihe ezinụlọ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bhattacharya|first=Alpana|date=March 2010|title=Children and Adolescents From Poverty and Reading Development: A Research Review|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10573560903547445|journal=Reading & Writing Quarterly|volume=26|issue=2|pages=115–139|doi=10.1080/10573560903547445|issn=1057-3569}}</ref>N'ozuzu, atụmatụ ndị metụtara itinye aka na nne na nna na omume ụlọ nwere mmetụta dị mma na ụmụ akwụkwọ na ezinụlọ ha.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kennedy|first=Eithne|date=2010-10-12|title=Improving Literacy Achievement in a High-Poverty School: Empowering Classroom Teachers Through Professional Development|journal=Reading Research Quarterly|volume=45|issue=4|pages=384–387|doi=10.1598/rrq.45.4.1|issn=0034-0553}}</ref> Na United States, nkà ịgụ na ide nwere njikọ chiri anya na agụmakwụkwọ na ogo ndụ. <ref name=":0"/>Ịgụ na ide bụ isi ihe na-egosi ihe ịga nke ọma na obi ụtọ n'ọdịnihu. Enweghị akwụkwọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na enweghị ọrụ n'oge okenye.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Zaghloul|author=Morsy|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1082192314|title=The challenge of illiteracy : from reflection to action|isbn=978-1-315-04972-4|oclc=1082192314}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma dere * Akụkọ ifo ndị na-eto eto * Akwụkwọ ịhụnanya maka ndị na-eto eto == Ihe odide == <references /> * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] N'etiti. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. * Moore, D. na ndị ọzọ, 1999. Ịgụ na ide nke ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma: Nkwupụta Ọnọdụ. Òtù Na-agụ Ihe Mba Nile [https://web.archive.org/web/20060929072339/http://www.reading.org/downloads/positions/ps1036_adolescent.pdf] * Ule agụ na ide nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Ontario. 2006. Ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ, ogo na ịza ajụjụ nke Ontario. [http://www.eqao.com] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Agụrụ m ya mana enwetaghị m ya. Portland, ME: Stenhouse. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061211024703/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/8613-e.htm Iwu Ndị Na-eto Eto Na-eme Ihe Ike na Canada] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nkwupụta: Gịnị mere ị ga-eji nwee nsogbu ịkọwa agụmakwụkwọ ndị na-eto eto n'ịntanetị maka omume na nyocha na klas? Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 52, 8-19. Enwekwara ya na: http://www.reading.org/Library/Retrieve.cfm?D=10.1598/JAAL.52.1.2&F=JAAL-52-1-Alvermann.html{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Ruth Shagoury, Ph.D., Malite na Nghọta: Atụmatụ Ịgụ Ihe Maka Ndị Mmụta Kasị Ntorobịa, Stenhouse Publishers, 200 {{Literacy}} mz6c6cb2z2wc638g1ie4q0zhjpzyus6 0 32552 692453 595052 2026-07-30T06:03:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ịgụ na ide Okpukpe''' bụ ihe ọmụma nke, na ikike ịghọta, okpukpe. Mkpa nke ịbụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ n'okpukpe na-abawanye ka ijikọ ụwa ọnụ emeela ka njikọ dị ukwuu na ịkwaga n'etiti ọha mmadụ nke okwukwe na ọdịbendị dị iche iche. A tụwo aro na ịgụnye ịgụ na ide okpukpe dị ka akụkụ nke agụmakwụkwọ ọha ga-eme ka ịdị n'otu ọha na eze dịkwuo mma. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Parker|first=Stephen|date=2020-04-02|title=Religious literacy: spaces of teaching and learning about religion and belief|journal=Journal of Beliefs & Values|volume=41|issue=2|pages=129–131|doi=10.1080/13617672.2020.1750243|issn=1361-7672}}</ref>Na mgbakwunye na ịmara na ịghọta ọdịdị nke ahụmịhe okpukpe, ịgụ na ide nke okpukpe bụ nghọta dị mkpa nke mgbagwoju anya, mgbagwoju, na ihe isi ike nke ọ dịkarịa ala otu omenala okpukpe. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Conroy|first=James C.|url=https://brill.com/view/book/9789087903756/BP000013.xml|title=Citizenship, Education and the Claims of Religious Literacy|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-8790-375-6|language=en}}</ref>Ọ na-anabata ọdịiche dị iche iche ma na-akwalite nkwekọrịta ziri ezi na amamihe na akụkụ okpukpe nke ọdịbendị mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is religious literacy?|url=https://www.understandingreligion.org.uk/p/what-is-religious-literacy/|accessdate=2022-10-27|work=www.understandingreligion.org.uk|archivedate=2022-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026184314/https://www.understandingreligion.org.uk/p/what-is-religious-literacy/}}</ref> Malite na Nzukọ Ndị Nkwurịta Okwu Okpukpe nke 2015 (RCC) na Alexandria, [[Végíníyà|Virginia]], ịgụ na ide okpukpe ga-abụ ihe kachasị mkpa. Ndị na-ekwurịta okwu okpukpe maara ihe ga-esi na ya pụta mgbe ọha na eze na mgbasa ozi enweghị ike ịghọta ọdịbendị na okpukpe nke ihe ndị na-eme ugbu a n'ụwa anyị taa. Esemokwu na-akawanye njọ n'ihi enweghị nghọta banyere nkwenkwe ndị bụ isi nke okpukpe dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa. RCC nwere ọrụ ọ ga-arụ dị ka naanị njikọ mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke okwukwe. Ndị otu ya na-ejikọta okpukpe na-enyere ndị mgbasa ozi ụwa aka ịghọta okwukwe dịgasị iche iche ma na-enye ndị otu ihe onwunwe iji nyere ha aka ịghọta ọdịnala okwukwe ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Religious Literacy {{!}} Religion Communicators Council|url=https://religioncommunicators.org/religious-literacy/|accessdate=2022-10-27|language=en}}</ref> == Nkọwa == Okwu ahụ bụ "ịgụ na ide n'okpukpe" na-ezo aka na nghọta dị mkpa nke omume, nkwenkwe, na ụlọ ọrụ nke ọdịnala okpukpe dị iche iche zuru ụwa ọnụ. <ref name=":1"/>Onye gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpukpe nwere nghọta bụ isi banyere ederede, nkwenkwe, omume, na ngosipụta nke oge a nke ọtụtụ okpukpe ụwa.<ref name=":1" /> === Ikike Ịgụ Ihe Okpukpe === Ịgụ na ide nke Okpukpe chọrọ ikike ịghọta na nyochaa njikọ dị mkpa nke okpukpe na ndụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya / ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị / [[Culture|ọdịbendị]] site na ọtụtụ echiche. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=What is religious literacy?|url=https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/what-we-do/our-approach/what-religious-literacy|accessdate=October 26, 2022|work=Religion and Public life|archivedate=November 18, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241118085445/https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/what-we-do/our-approach/what-religious-literacy}}</ref>Karịsịa, ịgụ na ide nke okpukpe chọrọ nghọta dị mkpa nke ederede, nkwenkwe, omume, na ngosipụta nke oge a nke ọtụtụ omenala okpukpe ụwa, yana [[Ákíkó mbu|akụkọ ihe mere eme]] ha. Ọ dịkwa mkpa iji nwee ike ịchọpụta ma nyochaa akụkụ okpukpe nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na ọdịbendị gafee oge na oghere. Ịgụ na ide nke okpukpe chọrọ nghọta nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmetụta nke okpukpe - ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ okpukpe - ma n'elu ọha mmadụ ma n'ime ọdịbendị ha. <ref name=":0"/>Ịgụ na ide nke okpukpe bụ usoro nkà nke na-enyere mmadụ aka iso ndị okpukpe na ihe omume na-emekọrịta ihe n'ụzọ amamihe n'enweghị ịdaba na ụfọdụ ọnyà ndị na-egbochi nghọta ugboro ugboro. Onye na-agụ akwụkwọ n'okpukpe na-eguzogide ijikọ ndị mmadụ ọnụ ma na-agba ume echiche nke na-emeghe ma na-enwe ọmịiko n'okpere arịrịọ ma ọ bụ ozizi. Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-ebu ụzọ lee onye ọ bụla na obodo ahụ anya iji ghọta otú ha si enweta ma gosipụta okpukpe ha.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Burns|first=Luke|date=October 26, 2022|title=What is religious literacy|url=https://www.understandingreligion.org.uk/p/what-is-religious-literacy/|accessdate=October 26, 2022|work=understanding religion|archivedate=October 26, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026184314/https://www.understandingreligion.org.uk/p/what-is-religious-literacy/}}</ref> === Ụkpụrụ Anọ nke Ịgụ Ihe Okpukpe === # Okwu okpukpe dị iche na ọmụmụ ihe bụ isi nke okpukpe. # Okpukpe dị iche iche n'ime. # Okpukpe na-agbanwe ma na-eto eto ka oge na-aga. # Mmetụta okpukpe gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'akụkụ niile nke ọrụ mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Religious Literacy Project Builds Understanding|url=https://issuu.com/hdscommunications/docs/hds.deans2018.final/s/33944|work=Religion Communicator}}</ref> === Ihe mgbochi nke ịgụ na ide okpukpe === Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Harvard Divinity School's Religion and Public Life na-ekwu na usoro ndị a nwere ike ịdị mfe ma nwee ike iduga nghọta dị mfe nke okpukpe ụwa na ọrụ ha na ọha mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Religious Literacy?|url=https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/what-we-do/our-approach/what-religious-literacy|accessdate=2023-04-14|work=rpl.hds.harvard.edu|language=en|archivedate=2024-11-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241118085445/https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/what-we-do/our-approach/what-religious-literacy}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315679853/routledge-handbook-religion-spirituality-social-work-beth-crisp <nowiki>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]</nowiki>] (2017). The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Spirituality and Social Work (1st ed.). Njem. * [https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/book/9781447316671/ch006.xml <nowiki>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]</nowiki>] "Six: Ịgụ na ide okpukpe na ọdịmma". Na agụmakwụkwọ okpukpe na iwu na omume. Bristol, UK: Policy Press. E nwetara ya n'October 27, 2022. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (2015). ''[https://policy.bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/religious-literacy-in-policy-and-practice Ịgụ na ide okpukpe na Iwu na Omume.]'' Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. * Lewis, Thomas A., 'Against Religious Literacy', Ihe mere nkà ihe ọmụma ji dị mkpa maka ọmụmụ nke okpukpe - na Vice Versa (Oxford, 2015; online edn, Oxford Academic, 19 Nov. 2015). * Moore, Diane L. (2007, ) Imeri Ikpeghị Akụ na Ụzọ Okpukpe: Nnyocha Ọdịbendị na Nnyocha Okpukpe na Mmụta Sekọndrị ''[https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230607002 Imeri Agụghị Agụghị Agụmakwụkwọ Okpukpe: Ụzọ Ọmụmụ Ọdịbendị na Ọmụmụ Okpukpe na Mmụta Sekọndrị]'' * "Overcoming Religious Illiteracy" (2006). ''Akụkọ Ụwa jikọtara''. {{Socialscience&religion}}{{Religion topics}} lwmmtb18r5558qx6mye0uvpub0vvixg 0 32561 692294 199755 2026-07-29T18:39:13Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=|caption=|logo=|map=|motto=|formation={{start date and age|2003}}{{efn|Formation variously given as 2002,<ref name="pf2019"/> 2004 (BBC)<ref name="bbc2019"/> and 2003 (''Huffington Post''<ref name="huff2019"/> and charity's own website<ref name="sbd2019"/>)}}|founding_location=[[HMP Dartmoor]]|type=|vat_id=|registration_id=|status=|purpose=|headquarters=[[HMP Channings Wood]]|location=[[Denbury]], Devon|coords=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|display=inline, title}} -->|region=|services=|products=|methods=|fields=|founder=[[Sharon Berry]]|language=|board_of_directors=|key_people=Patrons:<br>[[Julia Donaldson]]<br>[[Terry Waite]]|website={{URL|https://www.storybookdads.org.uk}}|remarks=|formerly=}} {{Databox}} Storybook Dads bụ ọrụ ebere na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na UK nke Sharon Berry tọrọ ntọala wee malite ya na HM Prison Dartmoor na 2003. Ọrụ ebere ahụ na-enyere ndị mkpọrọ na ndị ejidere aka ịdekọ oge ụra.akụkọ nke enwere ike iziga ụmụ ha n'ụlọ, na ebumnuche idobe njikọ n'etiti ijere ndị mkpọrọ na ezinụlọ ha ozi . <ref name="bbc2019">{{Cite news|title=Cornwall's finest honoured in Queen's birthday list|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10295669|accessdate=1 February 2019|date=12 June 2010}}</ref>.N'ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị, ọrụ a na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru aha Storybook Mums.<ref name="huff2019">{{Cite web|author=Packham|first=Amy|title=Storybook Dads: How Children Will Be Able To Hear Their Imprisoned Dads Read Them A Bedtime Story This Christmas|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/storybook-dads-charity-christmas-busy_uk_5a2ab636e4b069ec48acca7b|work=[[Huffington Post]]|accessdate=2 February 2019|date=15 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC Stories">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-47559626|title=Reading bedtime stories helped me survive prison|publisher=BBC News|work=BBC Stories|date=March 23, 2019|accessdate=March 25, 2019|author=Shaw, Dougal}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2019, atụmatụ a dị n'ime ihe dị ka ụlọ mkpọrọ Britain 100, gụnyere ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị, ndị otu Royal Air Force na Royal Navy nabatara ya maka ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mba ofesi. <ref name="BBC Stories"/><ref name="waite2019">{{Cite news|title=Services fathers record stories|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/devon/7499257.stm|work=BBC News|accessdate=2 February 2019|date=10 July 2008}}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/nov/01/storybook-dads-soldiers-prison|title=My daddy is the man in the telly|author=Kemp|first=Rob|date=31 October 2008|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|accessdate=1 August 2017|quote=}}</ref>Isi ụlọ ọrụ ebere ahụ dị na HMP Channings Wood na Devon, ma kpalie mmemme ndị yiri ya na mba ndị ọzọ, dịka United States, Canada, [1] [[Ostraliya|Australia]], Denmark, Hungary, [[Poland]] na New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sterritt|first=Spencer|title=Storybook Dads program helping father figures in prison stay connected|url=https://nanaimonewsnow.com/2020/03/01/storybook-dads-program-helping-father-figures-in-prison-stay-connected/|work=Nanaimo News|accessdate=12 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="odt2019">{{Cite web|author=Dungey|first=Kim|title=Father's Day behind bars|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/magazine/fathers-day-behind-bars|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|accessdate=2 February 2019|date=4 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="award2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-18578113|title=Dartmoor Prison's Storybook Dads scheme wins award|author=|first=|date=25 June 2012|work=BBC News|publisher=|accessdate=1 August 2017|quote=}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Berry malitere ọrụ ahụ na 2002 mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na BBC Radio Devon ma na-eleta HMP Channings Wood iji nyere aka guzobe ụlọ ọrụ redio n'ime ụlọ mkpọrọ ahụ na onye edemede ụlọ mkpọrọ ahụ. <ref name="pf2019">{{Cite web|author=McHugh|first=Joseph|title=Inside story – Sharon Berry – Winner: Breaking New Ground the innovator award|url=https://www.publicfinance.co.uk/2006/05/inside-story-sharon-berry-winner-breaking-new-ground%C2%A0-innovator-award|work=Public Finance|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202212420/https://www.publicfinance.co.uk/2006/05/inside-story-sharon-berry-winner-breaking-new-ground%C2%A0-innovator-award|archivedate=2 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="huff2019"/>Berry wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na HMP Dartmoor na-akụzi agụmakwụkwọ ọzọ na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ mkpọrọ ebe echiche ahụ sitere na ọrụ ya na ndekọ n'ụlọ n'oge nke ya iji guzobe ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha. <ref name="pf2019" />Atụmatụ ahụ siri ike na mbụ n'ihi ihe mgbochi na-eweta ngwá ndekọ na kaadị nchekwa n'ime ụlọ nchekwa. <ref name="huff2019" />Ọrụ ahụ malitere site na ọnụ ụlọ mkpọrọ tọgbọ chakoo n'ime ụlọ mkpọrọ mana mgbe afọ ole na ole gachara, e nyere Berry na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ọfịs na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ mkpọrọ nke HRH Princess Anne meghere na 2007. <ref name="BBC Stories"/><ref name="pf2019" /><ref name="sbd2019">{{Cite web|title=Our story|url=https://www.storybookdads.org.uk/our-story|work=Storybook Dads|date=27 June 2018|accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref>N'afọ 2010, Berry nwetara [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] maka ọrụ ụmụaka na ezinụlọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Young|first=Niki May|title=Charity Awards winner among Queen's Birthday Honours list|url=https://www.civilsociety.co.uk/news/charity-awards-winner-among-queen-s-birthday-honours-list.html|work=Civil Society|accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref>Storybook Dads na-ezube itinye ndị mkpọrọ n'ime ka ha na ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụaka 200,000 na-emetụta kwa afọ site n'inwe nne na nna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2019, a kọrọ na Storybook Dads na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe dị ka ụlọ mkpọrọ 100 ma na-eru ụmụaka 20,000 kwa afọ, na 2017 a kọrọ na ezinụlọ 5,000 ritere uru site na mmemme oge Krismas.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Shaw|first=Douglas|title=Reading bedtime stories helped me survive prison|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-47559626|accessdate=23 March 2019|date=23 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="tele2019">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/relationships/fatherhood/11549551/How-imprisoned-dads-are-using-bedtime-stories-to-connect-with-their-kids.html|title=How Imprisoned Dads are using bedtime stories to connect with their kids|work=The Telegraph|language=en|accessdate=2017-05-02|date=21 April 2015|author=Kemp|first=Rob}}</ref><ref name="huff2019" /> Site na mmechi nke HMP Dartmoor nwere ike ime, na 2015 Storybook Dads kwagara HMP Channings Wood ya na ndị ọrụ mụbara nke 18.<ref name="sbd2019"/> Ndị nna nna nke Akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ onye ode akwụkwọ ụmụaka Julia Donaldson na ndị mmadụ na onye ode akwụkwọ Terry Waite..<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hemelryk|first=Simon|title=People We Love: Julia Donaldson|url=https://www.saga.co.uk/magazine/entertainment/celebrities/julia-donaldson|work=Saga Magazine|accessdate=2 February 2019|archivedate=2 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202212425/https://www.saga.co.uk/magazine/entertainment/celebrities/julia-donaldson}}</ref><ref name="waite2019"/> == Ịkọ akụkọ == Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo sitere na ọrụ ebere, ọbá akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ, ndị otu ngalaba chaplaincy, Ngalaba Nchịkwa Mmebi ma ọ bụ nkwekọrịta nwere ike ịme ndekọ akwụkwọ. <ref name="lw2019">{{Cite web|title=Family Learning in Prisons: A Resource for Prisons and Learning Providers|url=https://www.learningandwork.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/LW-Family-Learning-In-Prison-Report-V3.pdf|work=Learning and Work Institute|accessdate=2 February 2019|archivedate=2 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202212407/https://www.learningandwork.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/LW-Family-Learning-In-Prison-Report-V3.pdf}}</ref>Ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ga-agụ akwụkwọ n'olu dara ụda ma nwee ike iji ụmụ bebi ma ọ bụ ihe egwuregwu mee ka akụkọ ahụ dị ndụ. Otu onye mkpọrọ nọ na HMP Dartmoor kọwara "Ọ dị egwu na mbụ, na-anọdụ ala na-agụ akụkọ na igwefoto na enwe egwuregwu n'ubu gị."A pụrụ idezi ọgụgụ iji wepụ njehie ma ọ bụ na-akpali enyemaka maka ndị nwere nsogbu ịgụ akwụkwọ, mmetụta na egwu nwekwara ike ịgbakwunye. <ref name="tele2019"/>A na-edekọ ya na mbụ na ndị na-edekọrịta MiniDisc. <ref name="pf2019"/>Na HMP Channings Wood, ebe ọrụ ebere ahụ dị, zụrụ ndị editọ (site na ndị mkpọrọ) wee dezie ma gbanwee ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ vidiyo ndị a na CD na DVD. <ref name="huff2019"/>A na-ezigara nwatakịrị ahụ ihe ndekọ ahụ na ozi onwe onye.<ref name="Guardian"/> E webatara ihe ndị ọzọ na mgbanwe maka usoro ahụ n'ógbè ahụ. Na HMP Lowdham Grange ụfọdụ ndị mkpọrọ ejirila atụmatụ ahụ nweta ikike na nhazi vidiyo iji mụbaa ohere ọrụ mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya. N'Ụlọ Mkpọrọ HM Hollesley Bay onye mkpọrọ na nwatakịrị nwere ike iji mpempe akwụkwọ ọrụ iji kwado ọgụgụ na isiokwu ndị dị ka 'ncheta' ma ọ bụ 'atụmanya' nke a na-agbanwe n'akwụkwọ, nke onye mkpọrọ kpọrọ ''Mụ na Nna m''<ref name="lw2019"/> N'afọ 2018, mmemme akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke Stratford Literary Festival na-agba na njikọ Storybook Mums na Dads, mere ogbako iji nyere ndị mkpọrọ aka ide akụkọ maka ụmụaka nke ha wee bụrụ ma ezigara ma ọ bụ gụọ ma dekọọ ụmụ ha n'èzí.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Horton|first=Clare|title='It's not just you who does the jail sentence, it's the whole family'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/mar/19/prisoners-stories-reconnect-children|work=The Guardian|accessdate=19 March 2019|date=19 March 2019}}</ref> == Mmetụta == Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Learning and Work Institute chịkọtara, 95% nke ndị mkpọrọ sonyere na 92% nke ndị zaghachiri n'ezinụlọ kọrọ na ọrụ Storybook Dads emeela ka mmekọrịta ya na nwatakịrị ahụ dị mma. <ref name="lw2019"/>Na HMP Greenock, akụkọ nke Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education na Scotland mepụtara gosipụtara atụmatụ ahụ dị elu nakwa na "Nkwupụta dị mma sitere n'aka ụmụaka mere ka ndị mkpọrọ nwekwuo ùgwù onwe ha ma nye ha ohere ịtụgharị uche na nkà nne na nna ha. "Nnyocha sitere na King's College [[London]] na 2014 chọpụtara na ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị mkpa ịkpachara anya n'ịtụle nzaghachi onwe onye, ndị mkpọrọ na-akọ na-abawanye ọgụgụ isi na ụmụaka nwekwuo ọdịmma. <ref name="dera2019">{{Cite web|author=Donnelly|first=RR|title=Learning, Skills and Employability A review of good practice in Scottish prisons|url=https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/225/7/lsergpsp_Redacted.pdf|work=HM Inspectorate of Education|accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref>Otú ọ dị, akụkọ ahụ gosipụtara ntụpọ usoro n'ihi na ịtụle mmetụta ya dabere na nzaghachi ụmụaka nke onye na-elekọta ụlọ na-enye nke nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe mmekọrịta dị mma na onye mkpọrọ ahụ, ọ nweghịkwa ọnụọgụ nke ịgụ na ide ma ọ bụ ịmegharị. Ọrụ m na papa m bu n'uche idozi ụfọdụ n'ime nsogbu ndị a mana a chọpụtabeghị ya n'onwe ya. Akụkọ ahụ gosikwara na enwere uru dị mma maka ịmegharị ndị mkpọrọ na usoro agụmakwụkwọ na mmemme ahụ, nke a na-enye ego n'onwe ya, anaghị enwe nsogbu metụtara mbelata mmefu ego na asọmpi asọmpi. Na 2012 Storybook Dads nwetara ihe nrite maka nsonye e-site na European Commission.<ref name="award2019"/> N'afọ 2017, Liz Truss gosipụtara Storybook Dads na mkparịta ụka na House of Commons dị ka akụkụ nke ọgụgụ nke Prisons and Courts Bill 2016-17, na-ekwu mkpa ọrụ ebere dị otú ahụ dị n'ịgbazigharị ndị omempụ na igbochi ime mpụ ọzọ. ''The Guardian'' jụrụ ma iwu ọhụrụ ahụ ga-eduga na ohere ọ bụla bara uru maka ọrụ ebere dị otú ahụ ma ọ bụ ma a ga-atụ anya na ha ga-anọgide na-emeziwanye ụkọ dị n'etiti atụmatụ mmezigharị gọọmentị na ahụmịhe onye mkpọrọ ahụ n'ime.<ref name="wyld2019">{{Cite news|author=Wyld|first=Grace|title=Privatising prisons won't stop reoffending. Charities will|url=https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2017/mar/28/privatising-prisons-wont-stop-reoffending-charities-will|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2 February 2019|date=28 March 2017}}</ref> == Onyinye == * 2005: Ihe nrite [[Butler Trust]]<ref>{{Cite book|author=Ellis|first=Tom|title=Debates in Criminal Justice: Key Themes and Issues|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=9780415445900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WMKoAgAAQBAJ&dq=butler+trust+awards+%222005%22+%E2%80%9CStorybook+Dads%E2%80%9D&pg=PA130|accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref> * 2005: Home Office Justice Award, otu onye, onyinye dị ịrịba ama na-arụ ọrụ na ndị omempụ<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top justice award for team that cut out crime|url=https://www.wired-gov.net/wg/wg-news-1.nsf/54e6de9e0c383719802572b9005141ed/56711413459b2595802572ab004bc0ec?OpenDocument|work=Wired Gov|accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref> * 2006: Onyinye onye ọrụ gọọmentị nke afọ, na-eme ka ụdị ntọala ọhụrụ<ref name="pf2019"/> * 2007: Ihe nrite Guardian Public Services (ụdị ọrụ ụmụaka) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Public Services Awards 2007 – winners and runners up|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/oct/02/publicservicesawards|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2 February 2019|date=2 October 2007}}</ref> * 2007: Ihe nrite National Health and Social Care<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top award for Storybook Dads|url=http://www.tavistock-today.co.uk/article.cfm?id=515&headline=Top%20award%20for%20Storybook%20Dads&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2007|work=Tavistock Times|accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref> * 2008: Onyinye nke Atọ nke Ọrụ Ukwu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Third Sector Excellence Awards: Small Charity, Big Achiever|url=https://www.thirdsector.co.uk/third-sector-excellence-awards-small-charity-big-achiever/article/862777|work=Third Sector|accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref> * 2011: Chris Dredger maka Storybook Dads, Talk Talk's 'Digital Heroes' Award<ref>{{Cite web|title=Offender scoops award for helping prison dads|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/offender-scoops-award-for-helping-prison-dads|work=GOV.UK|accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref> * 2012: Ihe nrite e-inclusion nke European Commission<ref>{{Cite web|title=Category winner of the 2012 e-inclusion awards: Storybook Dads|url=https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/category-winner-2012-e-inclusion-awards-storybook-dads|work=European Commission|accessdate=2 February 2019|date=10 July 2012}}</ref> * 2014: Children and Young People CYP Now award, ọrụ ebere nke afọ<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hayes|first=Derren|title=Winners of 2014 CYP Now Awards revealed on celebratory night|url=https://www.cypnow.co.uk/cyp/news/1148265/winners-of-2014-cyp-now-awards-revealed-on-celebratory-night|work=CYP|accessdate=2 February 2019|archivedate=2 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202212348/https://www.cypnow.co.uk/cyp/news/1148265/winners-of-2014-cyp-now-awards-revealed-on-celebratory-night}}</ref> * 2016: Ihe nrite Criminal Justice Alliance maka nzukọ kachasị akpali akpali<ref>{{Cite web|title=CJA Award Winners 2016|url=http://criminaljusticealliance.org/cja-award-winners-2016/|work=CJA|accessdate=2 February 2019|date=18 November 2016}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Koestler Trust * Ndụmọdụ Ụlọ Mkpọrọ na Nlekọta Trust (PACT) == Ihe edeturu == {{notelist}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/storybook-dads-charity-christmas-busy_uk_5a2ab636e4b069ec48acca7b Huffington Post vidiyo nke nna akwụkwọ akụkọ] * [https://www.ted.com/talks/alan_crickmore_how_storytelling_helps_parents_in_prison_stay_connected_to_their_kids/transcript?language=en Okwu TED nke Alan Crickmore kwuru] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QT8dCBmJk_Y Akụkọ Dads na mmemme M na Papa m na vidiyo] j6viv9lgcqwddpc76rwv9cetgnhpre0 0 32586 692451 672708 2026-07-30T05:58:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692451 wikitext text/x-wiki    Ịgụ na ide na weebụ gụnyere nkà na ikike dị mkpa maka ịgụ, ide na isonye na weebụ. <ref name="weblitmap">[https://webmaker.org/literacy Mozilla Web Literacy Map v1.1.0]</ref>A kọwawo ya dị ka "ihe na ọrụ" - ya bụ, ndị ọrụ weebụ ekwesịghị ịmụta banyere weebụ kamakwa otu esi emepụta ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ha.<ref name="fastco">Davidson, C.N. & Surman, M. [http://www.fastcoexist.com/1680264/why-web-literacy-should-be-part-of-every-education "Why Web Literacy Should Be Part of Every Education"], Fast Company. Retrieved 2 February 2015.</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke echiche a == N'akụkụ ikpeazụ nke afọ 1990, ndị na-eme nchọpụta banyere ịgụ na ide malitere ịchọpụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti ederede e biri ebi na ngwaọrụ ndị nwere ihuenyo na netwọk. Nnyocha a lekwasịrị anya n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'akụkụ abụọ: ntụkwasị obi nke ozi a pụrụ ịchọta na World Wide Web na ọdịiche nke hypertext na-eme na 'ịgụ' na 'ide'. <ref name="Detweiler">Detweiler, M. C., Hess, S. M., & Peck, A. C. (1996, October). Acquiring User-Centered Design Skills by Designing and Evaluating World Wide Web Pages. In ''Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting'' (Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 459-462). SAGE Publications</ref><ref name="Snyder">Snyder, I., & Joyce, M. (Eds.). (1998). ''Page to screen: Taking literacy into the electronic era.'' Psychology Press.</ref>A gụnyere nkà ndị a na nkọwa nke ịgụ na ide nke ozi ma tinye ya na akwụkwọ ọnọdụ SCONUL na 1999. <ref name="SCONULpaper">SCONUL Advisory Committee on Information Literacy (1999) Information skills in higher education: a SCONUL position paper. Prepared by the Information Skills Task Force, on behalf of SCONUL.</ref>Akwụkwọ a ghọrọ '7 Pillars of Information Literacy', nke e mezigharịrị n'ikpeazụ na 2011.<ref name="SCONULpillars">SCONUL. (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230423221535/https://www.sconul.ac.uk/tags/7-pillars 7 Pillars of Information Literacy Core Model]. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref> == Map Ịgụ na Ịgụ Ihe na Ebe == [[Usòrò:Web_Literacy_Map_v1.10.png|thumb|Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Map v1.1.0]] '' (Na-ekere òkè na Weebụ) '' A tọhapụrụ Literacy Version 1.1 nke Web Literacy Map na mbido afọ 2014 ma kwado ngalaba ihe onwunwe Webmaker nke Mozilla Foundation, ebe ndị mmụta na ndị nduzi nwere ike ịchọta ọrụ ndị na-enyere aka ịkụzi mpaghara ndị metụtara ya. <ref name="weblitmapdate">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150212125959/https://blog.webmaker.org/why-the-web-literacy-map-will-remain-at-v1-1-until-mozfest Why the Web Literacy Map will remain at v1.1 until MozFest]. Mozilla Webmaker blog. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref>Ọ bụ ezie na Web Literacy Map bụ ndepụta nke eriri, nkà na ikike, a na-anọchite anya ya dịka grid ikike. Ndị obodo Mozilla mechara mbipụta 1.5 nke Web Literacy Map na ngwụcha Machị 2015. <ref name="weblitmapdate2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150212125956/https://blog.webmaker.org/weblitmap-v1-5 Building version 1.5 of Mozilla’s Web Literacy Map]. Mozilla Webmaker blog. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref>Nke a na-agụnye obere mgbanwe na ikike na nyocha zuru oke nke nkà ha nwere.<ref name="competencies">[https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125726/http://literaci.es/redefining-weblitmap-skills Help us redefine the skills underpinning three Web Literacy Map competencies!]. Literaci.es. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref> === Ịchọpụta === '' (Ịnyagharị na Weebụ) '' * Njem '' (Iji ngwá ọrụ ngwanrọ nyochaa weebụ) '' * Web Mechanics '' (Ịghọta usoro gburugburu ebe obibi weebụ) '' * Nchọgharị '' (Ịchọta ozi, ndị mmadụ na ihe onwunwe site na weebụ) '' * Ikwesị ntụkwasị obi (Nnyocha siri ike nke ozi a hụrụ na web) '' (Nnyocha nyocha nke ozi a hụrụ na web) '' * Nchebe '' (Idebe usoro, njirimara, na ọdịnaya dị nchebe) '' === Ihe owuwu === '' (Ịmepụta Weebụ) '' * Ide maka Weebụ '' (Ịmepụta na ịhazi ọdịnaya) '' * Remixing (Ịgbanwe ihe onwunwe weebụ dị ugbu a iji mepụta ihe ọhụrụ) '' (Ịgbanwe ihe ntanetị dị ugbu a iji mepụta ihe ọhụrụ) '' * Design & Accessibility '' (Ịmepụta nkwukọrịta dị irè n'ụwa niile site na ihe onwunwe weebụ) '' * Coding/Scripting '' (Ịmepụta ahụmịhe mmekọrịta na web) '' * Ihe owuwu (Ịghọta ụyọkọ Ịntanetị) '' (Ịghọta ihe ntanetị n'ịntanetị) '' === Njikọ === Mozilla Foundation bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke na-akwalite mmeghe, ihe ọhụrụ na itinye aka na Ịntanetị. O mepụtara Map Ịgụ na Ịgụ na Ụba Web na mkparịta ụka ya na ndị nwere mmasị na agụmakwụkwọ na agụmakọta, yana ụlọ ọrụ. <ref name="weblitmap"/><ref name="whitepaper">Belshaw, D.A.J. & Smith, K.L. [https://mozilla.github.io/webmaker-whitepaper/ "Why Mozilla cares about Web Literacy"]. Retrieved 2 February 2015.</ref>A na-akọwa ịgụ na ide na weebụ dị ka "nkà na ikike dị mkpa maka ịgụ, ide na isonye na weebụ". <ref name="weblitmap" />Ọrụ na ihe a na-akpọbu Web Literacy 'Standard' malitere na mbido afọ 2013. E wepụtara mbipụta 1.0 na Mozilla Festival n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ. <ref name="boingboing">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150212121745/http://boingboing.net/2013/10/28/web-literacy-standard-1-0-from.html Web Literacy Standard 1.0 from Mozilla]. BoingBoing. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref>N'ịga n'ihu, a hụrụ 'ụkpụrụ' ka ọ bụ nsogbu ma na-emegide ụkpụrụ nke ihe ndị obodo Mozilla na-anwa imezu.<ref name="weblitstandard">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150212130408/http://dougbelshaw.com/blog/2014/01/15/web-literacy-map/ The Web Literacy Standard is dead (long live the Web Literacy Map!)]. Doug Belshaw's blog. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref> * Ịkekọrịta (Ịmepụta ihe ntanetị na ndị ọzọ) '' (Na-emepụta ihe ntanetị na ndị ọzọ) '' * Imekọ ihe ọnụ (Inye ohere ịnweta ihe onwunwe weebụ) '' (Inye ohere ịnweta ihe ntanetị) '' * Ntinye aka n'obodo '' (Ịtinye aka na obodo weebụ na ịghọta omume ha) '' * Nzuzo '' (Na-enyocha nsonaazụ nke ịkekọrịta data n'ịntanetị) '' * Open Practices '' (Nkwado iji mee ka web dị ka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ) '' == Hụkwa == * [[Nchekwa onwe na Cyber|Nchebe Onwe Onye]] * Ịgụ na ide na kọmputa * Ịgụ na ide dijitalụ * Ịgụ na ide ihe ọmụma * Ịgụ na ide nke mgbasa ozi == Ihe odide == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> g6kb1a6gef4dm1znlgn9hhjvpyo9vjd 0 32752 692509 400451 2026-07-30T09:16:11Z Anastesia chi 23720 Added default sort 692509 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}} ''''''Gabrielle Diana''' Gladu''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1999), nke a makwaara dị ka Gabrielle Diana, bụ onye mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke Canada na onye na-ahụ maka ikike transgender. Ọ kpughere ọha na eze banyere mgbanwe ya ma mepụta hashtag #MomentsInTransition na Twitter na Instagram. == Nkwado == Gladu ejirila mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ya kwalite mmata na ngosi maka ndị trans, gụnyere site na idepụta akụkụ nke mgbanwe ya. <ref name="Wortham" /><ref name="Abeni2015">{{Cite news|author=Abeni|first=Cleis|title=6 Reasons This 16-Year-Old Trans Girl Gives Us Hope|url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2015/11/02/6-reasons-why-16-teen-year-old-gabrielle-gladu-gives-hope-trans-teens|accessdate=29 January 2021|work=The Advocate|date=November 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Vino">{{Cite news|author=Vino|first=Lauren|title=Watch A Mom Give Her Trans Daughter The Gift She's Always Wanted|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/2288497/mom-trans-daughter-gift/|accessdate=1 February 2021|work=MTV News|date=October 1, 2015}}</ref>N'afọ 2015, The Advocate kpọrọ ya otu n'ime "25 Trans Pioneers Who Took Us Past The Tipping Point". Gladu nyekwara aka na edemede na MTV News nke akpọrọ "What I Want You To Know During Transgender Awareness Week" nke e bipụtara na Nọvemba 20, 2015.<ref name="Abeni">{{Cite news|author=Abeni|first=Cleis|title=25 Trans Pioneers Who Took Us Past the Tipping Point in 2015|url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2015/12/31/25-trans-pioneers-who-took-us-past-tipping-point-2015|accessdate=29 January 2021|work=The Advocate|date=December 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Diana|first=Gabrielle|title=What I Want You To Know During Transgender Awareness Week|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/2545503/what-i-want-you-to-know-during-transgender-awareness-week/|accessdate=29 January 2021|work=MTV News|date=November 20, 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, Gladu nyere akụkọ abụọ na magazin Queer Voices n'ịntanetị. <ref name="Queer Voices">{{Cite web|title=About Gabrielle Diana Gladu|url=https://queer-voices.com/author/gdgladu/|work=Queer Voices|accessdate=February 3, 2021|archivedate=February 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213031800/https://queer-voices.com/author/gdgladu/}}</ref>N'ide maka ATTN:, onye edemede Kyle Fitzpatrick kwuru na Gladu bụ onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma nke na-egosipụta "ịdị ọhụrụ" nke America, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye mba ụwa ma ọ bụghị na United States.<ref name="ATTN:">{{Cite news|author=Fitzpatrick|first=Kyle|title=Ten Teens Who Embody America's New Queerness|url=https://archive.attn.com/stories/6631/ten-teens-who-embody-americas-new-queerness|accessdate=February 3, 2021|publisher=ATTN|date=March 18, 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, a na-ekwu na Gladu bụ #MomentsInTransition hashtag trend na Twitter na Instagram mgbe o biputara foto na-egosi mgbanwe nke ya. <ref name="Tabberer">{{Cite news|author=Tabberer|first=Jamie|title=9 inspiring trans teens to follow on social ASAP|url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/9-inspiring-trans-teens-to-follow-on-social-asap/|accessdate=29 January 2021|work=GSN|date=August 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Gander">{{Cite news|author=Gander|first=Kashmira|title=Transgender people are sharing inspiring photos of how they have changed with #MomentsInTransition|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/transgender-people-are-sharing-inspiring-photos-how-they-have-physically-changed-momentsintransition-a6968211.html|accessdate=1 February 2021|work=The Independent|date=April 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Sainty">{{Cite news|author=Sainty|first=Lane|title=Transgender People Are Sharing Photos Of Their Transitions And It's Gorgeous|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/lanesainty/moments-in-transition|accessdate=1 February 2021|work=Buzzfeed News|date=March 30, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Khoo">{{Cite news|author=Khoo|first=Isabelle|title=Ottawa Transgender Teen Shares Inspiring Before And After Photos|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/03/31/transgender-teen-gabrielle-diana_n_9582652.html|accessdate=1 February 2021|work=HuffPost|date=March 31, 2016}}</ref>Dị ka magazin Cosmopolitan si kwuo, "ọ tolitere n'ime nchịkọta foto mara mma na ememe maka ndị transgender".<ref name="Smothers">{{Cite news|author=Smothers|first=Hannah|title=Transgender People Are Sharing the Most Lovely Photos of Their Transitions|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/news/a56077/transgender-people-are-sharing-the-most-lovely-photos-of-their-transitions/|accessdate=1 February 2021|work=Cosmopolitan|date=March 31, 2016}}</ref> Na Machị 2019, Gladu nwetara nlebara anya ọha na eze mgbe esemokwu na Twitter na onye na-agụ egwu / onye na-ede egwu [[Azealia Banks]]. Esemokwu ahụ gụnyere ozi ọha na eze na DM n'etiti Gladu na Banks banyere ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị transgender na cis na ọha mmadụ. Banks kwuru na ụmụ nwanyị trans na-ehichapụ ụmụ nwanyị cis, nke Gladu rụrụ ụka. Mgbe esemokwu ahụ gasịrị, Out bipụtara nkọwa nke Rose Dommu nke akpọrọ "Azealia Banks abụghị onye mmekọ na-eme ihe ike - Ọ bụ onye na-eme omume ọjọọ!"<ref>{{Cite news|author=Dommu|first=Rose|title=Azealia Banks Isn't a Queer Ally, She's a Bully|url=https://www.out.com/commentary/2019/3/20/azealia-banks-isnt-queer-ally-shes-bully|accessdate=29 January 2021|work=Out Magazine|date=March 20, 2019}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == === Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ === A zụlitere Gladu na Ottawa, Ontario na "obodo na-agbaso omenala nke ukwuu". <ref name="Abeni2015" /><ref name="depression">{{Cite news|author=Khan|first=Samara|title=Depression in the LGBTQ Community|url=http://ethosnews.com/2017/04/12/depression-in-the-lgbtq-community/|accessdate=February 3, 2021|publisher=Ethos News|date=April 12, 2017}}</ref>N'afọ 2015, ọ hapụrụ okpukpe Katọlik ma gosipụta onwe ya dị ka onye Buddha. <ref name="Abeni2015" />Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ parochial wee họrọ ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze n'ihi nchegbu banyere ma mgbanwe ya ga-abụ nke a nabatara ma nabata.<ref name="Abeni2015" /> === Mgbanwe === Gladu edeela na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ya na ọ "na-eyi uwe na ihe ntecha nne m, ọ dịghịkwa mfe na mbido ebe ọ bụ na anaghị m agbanwe agbanwe".<ref name="Khoo">{{Cite news|author=Khoo|first=Isabelle|title=Ottawa Transgender Teen Shares Inspiring Before And After Photos|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/03/31/transgender-teen-gabrielle-diana_n_9582652.html|accessdate=1 February 2021|work=HuffPost|date=March 31, 2016}}</ref> Na mbido klas nke asatọ, Gladu nwara igbu onwe ya na Disemba 12, 2012. <ref name="Abeni2015" /><ref name="Wortham">{{Cite news|author=Wortham|first=Jenna|title=For Gay and Transgender Teens, Will It Get Better?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/11/magazine/for-gay-and-transgender-teens-will-it-get-better.html|accessdate=3 February 2021|work=The New York Times|date=September 8, 2016}}</ref>Ọ bụ ezie na Gladu apụtabeghị dị ka trans, mgbalị igbu onwe ya metụtara njirimara nwoke na nwanyị ya na mgbagwoju anya gbara ya gburugburu njirimara nwanyị nke ọ ka na-enyocha. Banyere mgbalị igbu onwe ya, Gladu kwuru, "Enwere m nnukwu mgbagwoju anya. Amaara m ihe dị iche banyere m. Atụrụ m egwu ihe ndị mmadụ ga-eche banyere m. " Cleis Abeni nke The Advocate dere Gladu wee nweta ọgwụgwọ siri ike ma "malite ịhazigharị ihe niile dị na ndụ ya gburugburu ịnakwere njirimara ya".<ref name="Abeni2015" /><ref name="Abeni2015" /> Galdu pụtara dị ka trans n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị; ''[[The New York Times]]''">The New York Times dere na "ọ gwara onye ọ bụla ka ọ kpọọ ya Belle, ụdị Gabrielle dị mkpirikpi, na iji nnọchiaha nwanyị" nakwa na ọ malitere "ịdepụta mgbanwe ya n'ịntanetị n'usoro vidiyo YouTube a ma ama". The New York Time dekwara, "Nkwado na-abanye, na-enye ya obi ike ịga n'ihu, ọ malitekwara mgbanwe ahụike ya n'afọ na-esote".<ref name="Wortham" /><ref name="Wortham" /> Na Septemba 27, 2015, Gladu natara ozi na a gbanwere aha ya n'ụzọ iwu ka ọ bụrụ Gabrielle Diana Gladu. Gladu bulite vidiyo na Twitter ya, nke nwa nwanne nne ya mere. Nne Gladu ji achịcha kpughere na a gbanwere aha ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, nke nwetara nlebara anya site na magazin People, MTV News, ''BuzzFeed'', na ''NewNowNext''. <ref name="Coder">{{Cite news|author=Coder|first=Marie|title=This Mom Takes the Cake! Surprises Trans Daughter with Sweet News About Name Change|url=https://people.com/celebrity/mom-surprises-trans-daughter-with-sweet-surprise-about-name-change/|accessdate=1 February 2021|work=People Magazine|date=October 1, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Vino">{{Cite news|author=Vino|first=Lauren|title=Watch A Mom Give Her Trans Daughter The Gift She's Always Wanted|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/2288497/mom-trans-daughter-gift/|accessdate=1 February 2021|work=MTV News|date=October 1, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Karlan">{{Cite news|author=Karlan|first=Sarah|title=Watch This Mom Surprise Her Trans Daughter With The News Her Name Change Is Legal|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/skarlan/this-mom-celebrated-her-trans-daughters-legal-name-change-in|accessdate=29 January 2021|work=Buzzfeed|date=September 30, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newnownext.com/mom-surprises-trans-daughter-with-cake-inscribed-congratulations-you-are-now-gabrielle/10/2015/|title=Mom Surprises Trans Daughter With Cake Inscribed "Congratulations! You Are Now Gabrielle!"|work=Newnownext.com|accessdate=2016-09-10|archivedate=2021-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213031847/http://www.newnownext.com/mom-surprises-trans-daughter-with-cake-inscribed-congratulations-you-are-now-gabrielle/10/2015/}}</ref>Cleis Abeni nke The Advocate kwukwara na vidiyo ahụ, ma kwuo, "N'ihe gbasara ndụ mgbanwe, ọha na eze na gọọmentị nabatara nhọrọ onwe onye maka ịkpọ aha na-anọ nso n'elu pyramid nkwenye ilu. " Buzzfeed hotara Gladu na-ekwu, "Enwere m olileanya na mgbe ndị mmadụ hụrụ vidiyo a, ha na-ahụ mkpa nke aha na nnọchiaha, n'ihi na ha dị oke mkpa maka mgbanwe mmadụ" [...] "Ọ na-eme ka ha nwee mmetụta dị ka ha dị oké ọnụ ahịa ma dị mkpa, nke ahụ dịkwuo mfe".<ref name="Abeni2015">{{Cite news|author=Abeni|first=Cleis|title=6 Reasons This 16-Year-Old Trans Girl Gives Us Hope|url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2015/11/02/6-reasons-why-16-teen-year-old-gabrielle-gladu-gives-hope-trans-teens|accessdate=29 January 2021|work=The Advocate|date=November 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Karlan" /> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gabrielle, Diana}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pck2eflegmlkzdsr8o7ctffliqdg5fw 0 32848 692439 540933 2026-07-30T04:43:13Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference error 692439 wikitext text/x-wiki Na ngwụcha afọ ime, nwa e bu n'afọ ga-ewere njem ịmụ nwa iji hapụ [[nne]] na-amụ nwa. Mgbe ọ banyere n'ụwa na-eku ume, Nwa ọhụrụ ga-amalite ime mgbanwe na ndụ n'èzí akpa nwa. Nke a bụ eziokwu maka ụmụ anụmanụ niile na-ebi ndụ; isiokwu a na-atụle ụmụ mmadụ dị ka ihe atụ a na-eme nnyocha.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Mpaghara dị n'èzí bụ mgbanwe dị egwu maka nwa ọhụrụ, ya mere a ghaghị inyocha nwa ọhụrụ ahụ ugboro ugboro na nke ọma. Ọnụ ọgụgụ apgar bụ nyocha a na-eme ozugbo amuchara. Ọ na-agụnye nyocha nke obi, mgbalị iku ume, ụda uru ahụ, iwe iwe, na ụcha akpụkpọ ahụ. A na-eme akara Apgar otu nkeji na nkeji ise mgbe amuchara. Ntinye akara sitere na 0 ruo 10, na 0 na-egosi nnukwu nsogbu nwa ọhụrụ na 10 na-egosi mgbanwe dị nro na ndụ extrauterine.<ref name="Lowdermilk">{{Cite book|author=Lowdermilk. D.|title=Maternity & Women's Health Care|date=2016|publisher=Mosby|location=St. Louis}}</ref> Ụmụ ọhụrụ na-agafe na ndụ extrauterine ga-enwe oge mmeghachi omume. A na-ekewa oge ndị a n'ime usoro atọ. Nzọụkwụ mbụ na-ewere ọnọdụ na nkeji iri atọ mbụ nke ndụ; n'oge nke a, nwa ọhụrụ ahụ na-akpachara anya ma na-emeghachi omume na obi na-akụ na 160-180 kwa nkeji wee kwụsie ike na 100-120 kwa nkeji. Ọkpụkpụ mgbe a na-anụ ya na iku ume na-adịghị mma bụ nchọpụta dị mma. N'ọkwa nke abụọ, enwere mbelata na mmeghachi omume na ọrụ mmegharị nke a na-egosipụtakarị dị ka ụra. Oge a nwere ike ịdịru site na awa 1-2. Nzọụkwụ nke atọ na-egosi oge nke abụọ nke mmeghachi omume. Oge a nwere ike ime n'ebe ọ bụla n'ime awa 2 ruo 8 mbụ mgbe amuchara ma na-ewe oge ọ bụla site na nkeji 10 ruo ọtụtụ awa. Tachycardia na tachypnea nwere ike ịdị n'oge dị mkpirikpi. A na-emekwa ka meconium gafee.<ref name="Lowdermilk" /> == Obi == Physiology: N'ime akpa nwa, placenta na-enye nwa e bu n'afọ ọbara oxygenated site na umbilical vein. Mgbe a na-enyefe ya, a na-ebipụ eriri umbilical. Usoro obi ga-agbanwe ugbu a. CO₂ ọbara na-arị elu n'ihi na placenta ewepụghị ya ugbu a. Nke a bụ ihe dị ike maka nwa ọhụrụ ịmalite iku ume. Ịṅụ ume na-abawanye O₂ n'ime akpa ume, si otú a na-eweghachi ngwa ngwa hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction nke mere ka ikike vascular nke akpa ume dị elu n'oge ndụ akpa nwa. Mmiri iku ume na-agbatịkwa arịa akpa ume ndị dị mgbagwoju anya, ndị na-eme ka ọ daa ngwa ngwa na nke a na-ahụ anya na mgbochi nke akpa ume. N'ihi ya, oke dị elu nke mmepụta ventricle aka nri na-abanye n'ime arịa akpa ume karịa n'ime usoro mgbasa ozi site na ductus arteriosus. Ọpụpụ nke placenta na-akpata mmụba na usoro vascular resistance, nke na-eduga na mmụba nke nrụgide gradient site na atrium aka ekpe. <ref name="Morton">{{Cite journal|author=Morton|first=Sarah U.|title=Fetal Physiology and the Transition to Extrauterine Life|journal=Clinics in Perinatology|date=September 2016|volume=43|issue=3|pages=395–407|doi=10.1016/j.clp.2016.04.001|pmid=27524443}}</ref>Atrium aka ekpe ugbu a nwere nrụgide dị elu karịa atrium aka nri na-eme ka Foramen oval mechie. N'ime nkeji iri mbụ nke ọmụmụ, ọbara na-amalite [[Iba|ịba]] site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri site na ductus arteriosus. Nke a na-akpata mmụba dị ịrịba ama na mmepụta nke ventricle aka ekpe na mmụba nke olu strok. N'ikpeazụ, ọrụ nke Ọwa calcium na-abawanye na ọwa potassium na-ebelata mkpakọ nke ductal. Mmechi ọrụ nke ductus arteriosus na-eme n'ime awa 24 mbụ, na mmechi na-adịgide adịgide na-esote n'ime izu 4. N'ikpeazụ, mmepụta obi na-abawanye ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke ọ dị n'akpa nwa. Mgbanwe niile nke Usoro obi na akwara na-eme ka mgbanwe site na usoro mgbasa nke nwa ọhụrụ gaa na usoro mgbasa ozi nke okenye. N'oge mgbanwe a, ụdị ụfọdụ nke ọrịa obi a mụrụ amụ nke na-enweghị mgbaàmà ''n'ime akpa nwa'' n'oge nrugharị nwa ga-egosi cyanosis ma ọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama iku ume. [[Usòrò:Postnatal_genetics_en.svg|thumb|300x300px|Ịgbanwe ihe mejupụtara hemoglobin tupu na mgbe amuchara. Ọ na-egosikwa ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ na akụkụ ahụ nke ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (ihe ọmụma banyere ''Wood W.G.'', (1976Ọpụpụ ọzọ '''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ọgwụ Bull. 32, 282.''') ]] Ngosipụta: Mgbe nwa a mụrụ ọhụrụ na-eti mkpu, a na-enwe mgbanwe nke ọbara na-agafe na foramen ovale nke na-eme ka nwa a mụrụ amụ yie onye na-enweghị isi n'ụbọchị ole na ole mbụ nke ndụ. Obi nke nwa a mụrụ ọhụrụ kwesịrị ịdị n'etiti 110 na 160 ọ na-akụ kwa nkeji ma ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ka obi na-akụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma n'ime awa ole na ole mbụ mgbe amuchara. Ụda obi ga-enwe ọdịiche dị na ụda, ogologo oge, na ike karịa nke okenye. Mmiri ọbara kwesịrị ịdị site na 60 ruo 80 mm Hg systolic na 40-50 mm Hg diastolic. &nbsp;&nbsp;Ọrịa ọbara mgbali elu kwesịrị ịbụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka ime ime mgbe a mụrụ ya. N'ime awa mbụ mgbe amuchara, enwere ike ịdaba na 15 mm Hg na ọbara mgbali elu systolic.&nbsp;<ref name="Lowdermilk" /> A na-akọwa eriri na-egbu oge dị ka ichere ihe karịrị nkeji 2 iji jide eriri umbilical nke nwa ọhụrụ. E gosipụtara na nke a bara uru n'imeziwanye hematocrit na iron ma belata [[Ịdị ụkọ ọbara|ụkọ ọbara]]. Uru ndị a nwere ike ịdịru ọnwa isii maka nwa ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Anderson|first=O|title=Effect of delayed versus early umbilical cord clamping on neonatal outcomes and iron status at 4 months: a randomised controlled trial|journal=The BMJ|date=15 November 2011|volume=343|doi=10.1136/bmj.d7157|pmid=22089242}}</ref> Nnyocha / Ntinye aka: Nnyocha na nlekota nke ihe ịrịba ama dị mkpa na ụcha akpụkpọ ahụ dị mkpa n'ịchọpụta nsogbu obi na nwa ọhụrụ.A ga-anụ ụda olu apical maka otu nkeji zuru ezu mgbe nwa ọhụrụ dị jụụ ma ọ bụ na-ehi ụra. A ga-enyocha ma nyochaa obi ọ bụla na-adịghị mma mgbe awa ole na ole mbụ nke ndụ nke na-emetụtaghị ịkwa ákwá ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ dị n'èzí.<ref name="Lowdermilk" /> A ga-eji aka kwesịrị ekwesị were ọbara mgbali elu, ọkacha mma mgbe nwa ọhụrụ ahụ zuru ike. A ga-enyocha tachycardia na-adịgide adịgide maka ọnọdụ ndị dị ka ụkọ ọbara, hyperthermia, hypovolemia, na sepsis. Bradycardia na-adịgide adịgide nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-egosi nkụchi obi amụrụ ma ọ bụ hypoxemia. Pallor na cyanosis etiti (cyanosis n'aka na ụkwụ bụ nchọpụta a na-ahụkarị) nwekwara ike igosi nsogbu obi.<ref name="Lowdermilk" /> == Mmiri na ikuku oxygenation == Physiology: Mgbe amụrụ, akpa ume nwa ọhụrụ na-aghọ ebe mgbanwe gas. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta ọrụ iku ume a mụrụ ọhụrụ; ihe ndị a gụnyere kemịkal, igwe, okpomọkụ, na mmetụta. Mgba ume na-amalite mgbe aortic na carotid chemoreceptors na-akpali site na ịdịgasị iche iche nke oxygen na carbon dioxide. N'oge a na-amụ nwa n'ahụ nwanyị, a na-ejikọta obi nwa ọhụrụ site na ọwara ọmụmụ. Mgbe a na-ebute ya, nrụgide na-adịghị mma na-enye ohere ka ikuku banye n'ime akpa ume. Mkpu mbụ nke nwa ọhụrụ ahụ na-enye ohere maka mgbasawanye alveoli na ịmịkọrọ mmiri akpa ume nwa. Mgbanwe okpomọkụ na mkpali mmetụta ndị ọzọ na-enye aka n'ọrụ iku ume. Ngosipụta: Usoro iku ume na-abụkarị nke na-adịghị mma na nke na-enweghị isi. Ọnụ ọgụgụ iku ume nke ụmụ ọhụrụ kwesịrị ịdị n'etiti iku ume 30 na 60 kwa nkeji na mmasị maka iku ume imi. Ribs na-agbasa n'ala. Ụda iku ume kwesịrị ịdị ọcha ma hara nhata na akpa ume abụọ ahụ. iku ume n'afọ dị mma. Acrocyanosis bụ nchọpụta dị mma.<ref name="Lowdermilk" /> Nnyocha / Ntinye aka: Ntinye nke mmiri na-esi n'imi na n'ọnụ na-akwalite mwepụ mmiri. Ịnụrụ ụda akpa ume iji nyochaa ihe ọ bụla na-adịghị mma. A na-eme pulse oximetry iji chọpụta saturation oxygen. Nyochaa ihe ịrịba ama nke nsogbu iku ume dịka: ịfụ ụfụfụ imi, ịsụ ngọngọ, cyanosis etiti.<ref name="Lowdermilk" /> == Mmetụta nke nri == Physiology: Mgbe a mụrụ nwa ọhụrụ, a na-ewepụ glucose nke nne ya ma malite ịdabere na abụba echekwara maka ike. Glycogen na-echekwa na oge kachasị elu. N'ime awa mbụ nke ndụ, glucose ọbara ga-eru ebe kachasị ala wee kwụsie ike n'ime awa 2 ruo 4, ya mere a na-akwalite inye ara ozugbo. N'ọnọdụ ebe a na-egbu oge inye nri, nwa ọhụrụ ahụ nwere ike iji lactate, free-fatty acids, na ketone bodies. Ngosipụta: Ọdịdị glucose dị n'ọbara dị site na 40 ruo 50 mg / dl.&nbsp;<ref name="Lowdermilk" /> Mgbọrọgwụ na ịmịkọrọ mmiri kwesịrị ịdị na nwa ọhụrụ ga-eri obere ihe ugboro ugboro. Ihe ịrịba ama niile dị mkpa kwesịrị ịdị n'ime oke kwesịrị ekwesị nke kwekọrọ na ngosipụta nke ịdị jụụ na afọ ojuju nke ụmụ ọhụrụ. Nnyocha / Ntinye aka: nyochaa ọkwa glucose n'ọbara ma gbaa ume inye ara ma ọ bụ inye nri ngwa ngwa o kwere mee. A ga-enye agụmakwụkwọ [[Ị chu ara|inye nwa ara]] na inye nwa ara dịka o kwesịrị. == Nchịkwa okpomọkụ == Physiology: Ụmụ ọhụrụ enweghị ikike nke thermogenesis n'ihi usoro ịma jijiji na-adịghị emepe emepe. Okpomọkụ ahụ na-efu site na conduction, convection, na okpomọkụ radiant. <ref name="Lowdermilk" /> A na-enweta njikwa okpomọkụ site n'ọtụtụ ụzọ: metabolism nke abụba na-acha nchara nchara na nlekọta Kangaroo, nke a makwaara dị ka akpụkpọ ahụ na akpụkpọ ahụ. "Mkpụrụ abụba na-acha nchara nchara" bụ anụ ahụ abụba pụrụ iche nke nwere oke mitochondria e mere iji mee ka abụba acid dị ngwa ngwa iji mepụta okpomọkụ metabolic.   Akpụkpọ ahụ na akpụkpọ ahụ iji lekọta bụ itinye nwa ọhụrụ ozugbo n'obi onye na-elekọta ya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup>Nke a na-akwalite njikwa okpomọkụ nke nwa ọhụrụ site na okpomọkụ sitere na onye nlekọta. Ngosipụta: Okpomọkụ dị mma sitere na 97.7 ruo 100.0 . Ụmụ ọhụrụ oyi nwere ike iti ákwá ma ọ bụ yie ndị na-enweghị obi iru ala. Aka na ụkwụ ụmụ ọhụrụ na-anọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ nwa ọhụrụ, na-ebelata ebe ha dị n'elu ahụ ma na-ebepụ okpomọkụ.<ref name="Lowdermilk" /> Nnyocha / Ntinye aka: Nwa ọhụrụ kpọrọ nkụ ozugbo amuchara ma malite mmekọrịta akpụkpọ ahụ na akpụkpọ ahụ. Nye blanket na-ekpo ọkụ na okpu. Jiri ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụrụ na akpụkpọ ahụ na akpụkpọ anụ adịghị mma. Na-enyocha okpomọkụ nke ahụ axillary ugboro ugboro. Mbelata ikpughe nwa ọhụrụ n'oge mgbanwe na nyocha. == Hụkwa == * [[Nke nwa oge|Ọrịa a mụrụ ya]] == Ihe odide == Nnyocha / Ntinye aka: Nwa ọhụrụ kpọrọ nkụ ozugbo amuchara ma malite mmekọrịta akpụkpọ ahụ na akpụkpọ ahụ. Nye blanket na-ekpo ọkụ na okpu. Jiri ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụrụ na akpụkpọ ahụ na akpụkpọ anụ adịghị mma. Na-enyocha okpomọkụ nke ahụ axillary ugboro ugboro. Mbelata ikpughe nwa ọhụrụ n'oge mgbanwe na nyocha.{{Reflist}}{{Pregnancy}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7w7r1wk8rw0gnyarut9n5e05tc6u4q3 0 32950 692094 141983 2026-07-29T15:16:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Netwọk mmiri na-enye mmiri ma ọ bụ ụzọ inye mmiri bụ usoro nke hydrologic na hydraulic echiche na-enye mmiri.  Sistemu ọkọnọ mmiri na-agụnye ihe ndị a: # Ebe a na-agbapụta mmiri (lee nchacha mmiri – isi iyi nke mmiri ọñụñụ ) # Ebe a na-anakọta mmiri raw (n'elu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ala) ebe mmiri na-agbakọba, dị ka ọdọ mmiri, [[osimiri]], ma ọ bụ mmiri dị n'ime ala sitere na aquifer dị n'okpuru ala . Enwere ike ibufe mmiri rachara site na iji mmiri mmiri dị larịị nke ekpuchighị ekpuchi, ọwara ekpuchiri ekpuchi, ma ọ bụ ọkpọkọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala gaa n'ebe a na-asachapụ mmiri. # Ụlọ ọrụ nchacha mmiri . A na-ebufe mmiri a na-agwọ ọrịa site na iji ọkpọkọ mmiri (na-emekarị n'okpuru ala). # Ebe nchekwa mmiri dị ka ọdọ mmiri, tankị mmiri, ma ọ bụ ụlọ elu mmiri . Sistemụ mmiri dị nta nwere ike ịchekwa mmiri ahụ n'olulu mmiri ma ọ bụ arịa nrụgide . Ụlọ ndị toro eto nwekwara ike ịdị mkpa ịkwakọba mmiri n'ógbè ahụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide ka mmiri ahụ rute n'ala ụlọ elu. # Ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka mmiri dị ka ebe a na-agbapụta mmiri nwere ike ịdị mkpa ịnọ n'ebe mgbapụ nke ọdọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ n'elu ala ma ọ bụ olulu mmiri (ọ bụrụ na ike ndọda agaghị ekwe omume). # Netwọk ọkpọkọ maka ikesa mmiri nye ndị na-azụ ahịa (nke nwere ike ịbụ ụlọ nkeonwe ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ) yana ebe eji eme ihe ndị ọzọ (dịka hydrants ọkụ ) # A na-ahụkarị njikọ na ọwa mmiri (ọwa mmiri dị n'okpuru ala, ma ọ bụ ọwa mmiri dị n'elu na ụfọdụ mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe) na-ahụkarị n'okpuru mmiri nke ndị na-eri mmiri, mana a na-ewere usoro nsị dị ka usoro dị iche iche, kama ịbụ akụkụ nke usoro mmiri. Netwọk ndị na-enye mmiri na- ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze nke ụlọ ọrụ mmiri. == Mwepu mmiri na nnyefe mmiri == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Ọgwụgwọ mmiri == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> Ihe ahụ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ usoro niile buru ibu ga-edozi mmiri;  eziokwu nke ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, steeti na elekere na-achịkwa ọma, dị ka Healthtù Ahụ Ike (wa (WHO) ma ọ bụ United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  na-azụ akara ma emechaa (mgbe ewepụrụ ya ọzọ). Omenala ọgwụgwọ mmiri dị n'elu nwere usoro atọ: nkọwa, filtration na disinfection. Nkọwapụta na-ezo aka na nkewa nke ụmụ irighiri ihe (unyi, ihe ndị dị ndụ, wdg) site na iyi mmiri. Mgbakwụnye kemịkalụ (ya bụ alum, ferric chloride) na-emebi ụgwọ nke urughuru ma kwado ha maka ịkọwapụta site na idozi ma ọ bụ sere n'elu mmiri iyi. Aja, anthracite ma ọ bụ ihe nzacha carbon arụ ọrụ na-eme ka iyi mmiri dị ọcha, na-ewepụ ihe ndị dị ntakịrị. Ọ bụ ezie na ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke ịgbasa ọrịa dị, usoro a kacha amasị bụ site na mgbakwunye chlorine. Chlorine na-egbu nje bacteria na ọtụtụ nje n'ụzọ dị irè ma na-edobe ihe fọdụrụ iji chebe mmiri na-enye site na netwọk ọkọnọ. == Netwọk nkesa mmiri == [[Usòrò:Urban_Water_Cycle_-_EPA_2004.png|thumb| Usoro mmiri mmiri obodo mepere emepe na United States]] [[Usòrò:Water_well_tank.JPG|thumb| Achọrọ nrụgide mmiri n'etiti obere nchekwa mmiri na onye ọrụ njedebe]] A na-akpọ ngwaahịa a, nke a na-enye n'ókè nke oriri, a na-akpọ mmiri ọṅụṅụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-emezu ụkpụrụ [[Ịdị mma mmiri|àgwà mmiri]] achọrọ maka oriri mmadụ. A na-edobe mmiri dị na ụzọ na-enye ya na nda dị mma iji hụ na mmiri n'ịkpọ niile nke ihe ahụ, na mmiri zuru ezu na ebe ọ elva na-ahụ na iji hụ na mmiri na-enyere aka  na ala ike ike na ego ahụ.  A na-akpa mmiri ahụ site n'ịgbanye mmiri ahụ n'ime tankị nchekwa nke a na-eche n'ebe ìhè elu na-egosi.  Otu n'anya nwere ike ọtụtụ ebe nchekwa ọrụ dị otú ahụ. N'ime obere sistemu ụlọ, ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike ịgbanye mmiri ahụ site na arịlịka ike ma ọ bụ olulu mmiri dị n'okpuru ala (nke ikpeazụ Nintendo ụzo).  Nke a na-akpa ụlọ elu mmiri ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa mmiri mmiri ọ ala dị elu iji nye mmiri mmiri. Usoro ndị a na-enwekarị ma na-azụ ya site n'aka ike ime obodo dịka obodo ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na eze ndị ọzọ, mana ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe ụfọdụ (lee mmiri nkeonwe ).  Netwọk na-enye mmiri bụ onye nke nhazi nke obodo, arịa, na obodo.  Atụmatụ ha na imewe anụ nke ndị na-eme egwuregwu obodo na ndị injinia obodo, bụ ndị ga- ndị ọtụtụ ihe, dị ka ọnọdụ, ngwaọrụ ugbu a, àmà n'oka, ntanye, ọkpụkpọ, nha ọkpọ, , Carlo, ntanye.  ọkụ ọkụ na-ahọba, wdg-iji ọkpọ ọkpọ .  mkpa na ndị ọzọ. Ka mmiri na-agafe na okporo ụzọ nkesa,-mmiri mmiri nwere ike ike ngosi site na omume kemịkal na usoro ndu.  Nrụrụ nke ọkpọ ọkpọ mgba na usoro nkesa ike ime ka ntọhapụ nke ọla n'ime mmiri na-ahụ mma na ọkụ ọkụ.  Ntọhapụ nke ezinụlọ sitere na ọkpọkọ na-eke eriri nwere ike ime ka ndị aha njirimara eme "mmiri uhie" na mgbata.  Ntọhapụ nke ọla kọpa sitere na ọkpọkọ ọla kọpa nwere ike ịhụta mgbaàmà ndị "mmiri na-acha mgbaàmà" na/ma ọ bụ nna ukwu.  Ntọhapụ nke ndu nwere ike isite na ihe a na-ere ere na-akpa ọkpọkọ kọpa ọnụ ma ọ bụ site na nrụnye ola .  A na-hazi ọkwa kọpa na lead na mgbata ndị eji akara eji egwu ndị ọrụ. Ịkwado mmiri mmiri ọñụụ dị mma nke ndụ bụ ihe mkpesa ọsọ ọzọ na nkesa mmiri ozuzo.  Dị ka ọ na-ihe, a na-ama na-emebi chlorine, dị ka sodium hypochlorite ma ọ bụ monochloramine na mmiri ka ọ na-ahapụ ụlọ ọrụ.  Enwere ike idobe ụgbọ elu n'ime usoro nkesa iji hụ na mpaghara niile nke usoro nkesa nwere ọkwa nje na-adịgide adịgide A na-ekewa usoro na mpaghara.  [1] Ihe na-egosi oke ma ọ bụ nha nke mpaghara nwere ike ike hydraulics, sistemu telemetry, ike ihe mere eme, na n'eme ndị mmadụ.  Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-hazi usoro maka otu mpaghara wee jiri ka ọ nabata egosi.  Ala na-emetụta hydraulics na ụfọdụ ụdị telemetry.  Ọ bụ na mpaghara ọ eligwe nwere ike ọrụ dị ka Block kwụụrụ onwe ya, a na-enwekarị ndokwa ijikọ mpaghara njikọ njikọ njikọ njikọ njikọ iji jikwaa ngwaọrụ ma ọ bụ ike. <ref name="zhang and babovic">{{Cite journal|title=A real options approach to the design and architecture of water supply systems using innovative water technologies under uncertainty|journal=Journal of Hydroinformatics|volume=14|issue=1|pages=13–29|year=2012|doi=10.2166/hydro.2011.078|url=http://jh.iwaponline.com/content/14/1/13}}</ref>Netwọk mmiri mmiri na-enye obodo mepere emepe na-agwụ na-ekpuchi ihe omume niile ike inye mmiri mmiri .  Ọganihu na-adịgide adịgide bụ ihe na-ebelata mkpa maka inye mmiri na mpaghara obodo.  Ịgbakwunye mgbakwunye mmiri ọhụrụ n'ime inye usoro mmiri na-eme ka mmirika mma site n'echiche na-adigide.  Mmepe nke ụzọ mmiri na-ebe ihe na-enye iwu maka usoro mmiri mmiri, na-ụzọ dị mkpa na nke dị irẹ nke nkwado dabere na nhọrọ nhọrọ n'ezie. == Edensibia == * [http://dcmms.sourceforge.net DCMMS: Ngwa GIS dabere na webụ iji dekọọ ọrụ mmezi maka netwọk mmiri na mmiri mkpofu.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230526090555/http://www.openeering.com/made_with_scilab?q=node/70 Igbe akụrụngwa hydraulic mepere emepe maka sistemụ nkesa mmiri] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090304171724/http://www.tmvw.be/userfiles/file/WATERPUNT_voor_web.pdf Usoro nhazi netwọk mmiri] 7dwtvndra7edzgwy1jdk559usoji673 0 33111 692096 653831 2026-07-29T16:15:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Van Thi Nguyen''' (Vietnamese, a mụrụ n'afọ 1985/86) bụ onye ọchụnta ego na-ahụ maka ndị nwere nkwarụ na Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.en.baobacgiang.com.vn/bg/society/315996/two-vietnamese-among-world-s-100-most-influential-women.html|title=Bac Giang Online|work=BaoBacGiang|accessdate=2023-11-03|archivedate=2023-06-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616135007/http://m.en.baobacgiang.com.vn/bg/society/315996/two-vietnamese-among-world-s-100-most-influential-women.html}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ ya n'ime obodo dị kilomita 300 (190 mi) site na Hanoi, <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rinagpatel.com/van-thi-nguyen|title=Van Thi Nguyen|work=Rina G. Patel|accessdate=2023-11-03|archivedate=2023-06-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616115419/http://www.rinagpatel.com/van-thi-nguyen}}</ref> Vân nwere ọkpụkpụ azụ, dị ka nwanne ya nwoke Cong Hung Nguyen. Ọ na-echegbu onwe ya maka ọdịnihu ha, na-ahụ ọtụtụ ndị arịrịọ nwere nkwarụ na Vietnam, wee daa mbà n'obi, na-ahapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ma na-anwa igbu onwe ya. == Ọrụ == Vân na Hung guzobere Will to Live Center na 2003, nke na-enye ọzụzụ maka ndị nwere nkwarụ. <ref name="auto"/> nwụrụ, mgbe ọ dị afọ 31, Vân nọgidekwara na-agba ya naanị ya. Vân <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/bbc/2019/10/16/bbc-100-women-2019-quem-esta-na-lista.htm|title=BBC 100 Women 2019: quem está na lista?|work=noticias.uol.com.br}}</ref>-ejikwa Imagtor, ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-enye foto, vidiyo na ngwọta IT, na-ewe ọtụtụ ndị Vietnam nwere nkwarụ n'ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cvdvn.net/2019/10/16/two-inspirational-vietnamese-women-honoured-by-bbc/|title=Two inspirational Vietnamese women honoured by BBC|first=~ Phạm Thu|author=Hương|date=October 16, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/MonTECH.Montana/posts/1128385654032713|title=MonTECH|work=www.facebook.com}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, edepụtara ya n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị 100 nke BBC, ndepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị 100 na-akpali akpali ma na-emetụta. Forbes Vietnam depụtakwara <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vietnam-expat.com/myblog/two-vietnamese-among-worlds-100-most-influential-women/|title=Two Vietnamese among world's 100 most influential women|first=Tram|author=Bich|work=vietnam-expat.com|date=10 January 2023|accessdate=3 November 2023|archivedate=24 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024022626/https://vietnam-expat.com/myblog/two-vietnamese-among-worlds-100-most-influential-women/}}</ref> na ndepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị Vietnam nwere mmetụta na 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sea.mashable.com/social-good/6924/bbc-includes-7-inspirational-southeast-asians-in-its-100-women-list|title=BBC includes 7 inspirational Southeast Asians in its 100 Women of 2019 list|date=October 18, 2019|work=Mashable SEA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seasia.co/2019/10/28/7-southeast-asian-on-bbc-s-100-women-of-2019-list|title=7 Southeast Asians on BBC's 100 Women of 2019 List &#124; Seasia.co|work=Good News from Southeast Asia|date=28 October 2019}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] r64x7gy8rs6z99nqb4v73uutmenjigj 0 33127 692484 147046 2026-07-30T08:50:42Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692484 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalacademies.org/asadi/speakers/ogunmola.html|title=Gabriel Ogunmola|work=The National Academy|accessdate=2015-07-13}}</ref> {{Databox}} '''Gabriel Babatunde Ogunmola''' bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|Onye Ọkammụta Naijiria]] na ngalaba Kemistri nakwa Onye kachasị isi nke Mahadum Lead City [[Ibadan]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/news/reps-nullified-suspension-of-our-licence-lead-city/|title=Reps nullified suspension of our licence – Lead City|work=The Punch News|accessdate=2015-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714042209/http://www.punchng.com/news/reps-nullified-suspension-of-our-licence-lead-city/|archivedate=2015-07-14}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ Ya == Ọkammụta Ogunmola nwetara nzere bachelọ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/08/awo-remo-in-insa-nolte’s-trial/|title=Awo, Remo in Insa Nolte's Trial|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=2015-07-13}}</ref> nakwa nzere doctorate na ngalaba Kemịstrị na Mahadum Ibadan n'afọ 1965 na 1968 n'otu n'otu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Gabriel Ogunmola – igclm|url=http://igclm.org/prof-gabriel-ogunmola/|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2023-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103133238/http://igclm.org/prof-gabriel-ogunmola/}}</ref>'N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 1968, ọ sonyeere ngalaba Kemịstrị na Mahadum Ibadan dị ka onye nyocha postdoctoral, o wee hapụ Mahadum UI iji sonyere Mahadum Pennsylvania dị ka onye nchọpụta postdoctoral na Johnson Research Foundation, Ngalaba Biophysics na Physics Medical.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.igclmibadan.org/index.php/2013-09-24-18-51-17/board-members/director|title=Chairman|work=igclmibadan.org|accessdate=2015-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714051115/http://www.igclmibadan.org/index.php/2013-09-24-18-51-17/board-members/director|archivedate=2015-07-14}}</ref>'N'afọ 1970, ọ laghachiri na Mahadum Ibadan dị ka onye ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na ngalaba nke kemịstrị ebe ọ ghọrọ ọkà mmụta zuru oke n'afọ.1980. N'afọ 1983, a họpụtara ya, Dean, Faculty of Science, Mahadum Olabisi Onabanjo, nke bụbu Mahadum Steeti Ogun n'oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/|title=Members of Council|work=Nigerian Academy of Science|accessdate=2015-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707061854/http://www.nas.org.ng/fellowship/members-of-council/|archivedate=2015-07-07}}</ref> N'afọ 1981, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye otu Nigerian Academy of Science, ma họpụtakwa ya na Jenụwarị 2003 dịka onye isi oche nke Nigerian Academy of Science iji nọchie Ọkà mmụta Alexander Animalu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901220135.html|title=Factors Responsible for Our Educational Disaster, By Prof Ogunmola|work=allAfrica.com|accessdate=2015-07-13}}</ref>N'afọ 2005, ọ lara ezumike nká site na Mahadum nke Ibadan na n'afọ 2004, tupu ọ laa ezumike nka, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye otu, Honorary Presidential Advisory Council on Science and Technology nye onye isi ala Naijiria. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ogunmola, Gabriel Babatunde}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] f1t8cu671keilpx2jf1bssyx7eyzuwd 0 33143 692303 207057 2026-07-29T18:56:44Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox journal|title=South African Law Journal|cover=|language=|editor=[[Graham Glover]]|caption=|former_name=Cape Law Journal|abbreviation=S. Afr. Law J.|discipline=[[Law]]|publisher=Juta Law|country=|frequency=Quarterly|openaccess=|license=|history=1884-present|website=http://www.jutajournals.co.za/south-african-law-journal/|link1=|link1-name=|impact=|impact-year=|ISSN=0258-2503|eISSN=1996-2177|CODEN=|JSTOR=|LCCN=|OCLC=660153180}} <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Schulze|first=WG|date=2013|title=A conspectus of South Africa legal periodicals: Past to present|journal=Fundamina|volume=19|pages=61}}</ref> South African Law Journal <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jutajournals.co.za/south-african-law-journal/|title=South African Law Journal|work=Juta Journals|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-20}}</ref> akwụkwọ iwu a na-ebipụta kwa nkeji iri na ise nke Juta &amp;amp; Co bipụtara. Ọ bụ akwụkwọ '''''Akwụkwọ Iwu South Africa''''' na akwụkwọ akụkọ iwu nke abụọ kachasị ochie n'ụwa na-asụ Bekee, mgbe Mahadum Pennsylvania Law Review gasịrị. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == {{Cite journal|author=Kahn|first=Ellison|date=2004|title=Speech at the Juta Dinner at the South African Law Journal Jubilee Conference|journal=South African Law Journal|volume=121|pages=271}}</ref> guzobere ''SALJ'' na Grahamstown na 1884, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu afọ karịa England's Law Quarterly Review na afọ atọ karịa Harvard Law Review. E bipụtara mpịakọta 17 mbụ ya n'okpuru aha Cape Law Journal, tupu a gbanwee aha ya ka ọ bụrụ South African Law Journal na 1901. == Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ == {{Cite journal|author=Kahn|first=Ellison|date=2004|title=Speech at the Juta Dinner at the South African Law Journal Jubilee Conference|journal=South African Law Journal|volume=121|pages=271}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKahn2004">Kahn, Ellison (2004). "Speech at the Juta Dinner at the South African Law Journal Jubilee Conference". ''South African Law Journal''. '''121''': 271.</cite></ref> dezigharịrị ''SALJ'' maka ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ya na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand Law School, nke mbụ site na Bobby Hahlo, mgbe ahụ maka oge karịrị afọ iri anọ site na Ellison Kahn. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jutajournals.co.za/south-african-law-journal-editorial-information/|title=South African Law Journal Editorial Information|work=Juta Journals|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-20}}</ref> ugbu a bụ Graham Glover (Mahadum Rhodes). [1] Ndepụta zuru ezu nke ndị nchịkọta akụkọ <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Schulze|first=WG|date=2013|title=A conspectus of South Africa legal periodicals: Past to present|journal=Fundamina|volume=19|pages=61}}</ref>: [1] * William Henry Somerset Bell (1884-1896) * Shepherd Kitchin (1896-1918) * Robert Howes (1918-1937; onye nchịkọta akụkọ nsọpụrụ site na 1937 ruo 1942) * Cyril Hall (1943-1949) * R G McKerron (1950-1958) * Robert (Bobby) Hahlo (1950-1968) * Ellison Kahn (1959-1999) * Carole Lewis (2000-2001) * Daniel Visser (2000-2009) * * Graham Glover (2010-dị ugbu a) == Ndị a ma ama nyere aka == Ndị mba ọzọ a ma ama nyere aka na SALJ gụnyere Lord Denning, Frank Michelman, Kent Roach, William Wade, na Reinhard Zimmermann. Ndị a ma ama na-enye onyinye na South Africa gụnyere Edwin Cameron, Arthur Chaskalson, Michael Corbett, Jacob de Villiers, John Dugard, Bob Hepple, Lord Hoffmann, Tony Honoré, Sydney Kentridge, John Gilbert Kotzé, Pius Langa, R. W. Lee, Harold Luntz, Dikgang Moseneke, Etienne Mureinik, Kate O'Regan, Oliver Schreiner, Barend van Niekerk, Raymond Wacks, na Rex Welsh. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Kahn|first=Ellison|date=2004|title=Speech at the Juta Dinner at the South African Law Journal Jubilee Conference|journal=South African Law Journal|volume=121|pages=271}}</ref> bụ maka enyemaka ya na ''SALJ'' na 1969 ka gọọmentị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ kpere Barend van Niekerk ikpe maka ileghara ụlọ ikpe anya. == Hụkwa == * Iwu South Africa == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị  p2sk73oyz3fhjf6414lqokkgb5jdif1 0 33191 692116 134163 2026-07-29T17:53:02Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox journal|title=Acta Botanica Brasilica|cover=|discipline=[[Botany]]|language=English, Portuguese, Spanish|former_names=|abbreviation=Acta Bot. Bras.|publisher=[[Brazilian Society of Botany]]|country=Brazil|frequency=Quarterly|history=1987-present|openaccess=Yes|license=|impact=|impact-year=|website=https://acta.botanica.org.br/|link1=http://acta.botanica.org.br/index.php/acta/issue/current/showToc|link1-name=Online access|link2=http://acta.botanica.org.br/index.php/acta/issue/archive|link2-name=Online archive|JSTOR=|OCLC=20766614|LCCN=92650438|CODEN=|ISSN=0102-3306|eISSN=1677-941X}} '''''Acta Botanica Brasilica''''' bụ akwụkwọ sayensị a na-enyocha kwa nkeji iri na ise nke Brazilian Society of Botany bipụtara. E guzobere ya na 1987 ma na-ebipụta isiokwu mbụ na mpaghara niile nke botany, isi ma ọ bụ nke a na-etinye n'ọrụ. Isiokwu dị na Portuguese, Spanish, ma ọ bụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-ebipụta isiokwu ndị mbụ na akụkụ niile nke osisi (gụnyere algae) na ihe ndị dị ndụ fungus. == Nchịkọta na ndepụta == A na-ewepụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ma tinye ya na:   <ref name="WoS">{{Cite book|year=2012|chapter=Journals Ranked by Impact: Plant Sciences|title=2010 Journal Citation Reports|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|edition=Science|series=Web of Science}}</ref> ka Journal Citation Reports si kwuo, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwere mmetụta 2013/2014 nke 0.553, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke 159 n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ 188 na ngalaba "Plant Sciences". == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [[SciELO]].br/revistas/abb/paboutj.htm" id="mwKQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">''Acta Botanica Brasilica'' na SciELO 3u4ccm2lfqkepsma8zk28car46dxnh5 0 33194 692610 134166 2026-07-30T11:41:24Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692610 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox journal|title=Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria|cover=|caption=|former_name=<!-- or |former_names= -->|abbreviation=Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.|nlm=Arq Neuropsiquiatr|discipline=[[Neurology]], [[psychiatry]]|language=|editor=José Antonio Livramento, Luís dos Ramos Machado|publisher=[[Academia Brasileira de Neurologia]]|country=Brazil|history=1943-present|frequency=Monthly|openaccess=Yes|license=[[Creative Commons Attribution BY-NC]]|impact=0.0870|impact-year=2020|ISSN=0004-282X|eISSN=1678-4227|CODEN=ANPIAM|JSTOR=|LCCN=|OCLC=909880068|website=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-282X&lng=en&nrm=iso|link1=|link1-name=|link2=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_issues&pid=0004-282X&lng=en&nrm=iso|link2-name=Online archive}} Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria (English: Archives of Neuropsychiatry) bụ akwụkwọ ahụike a na-enyocha kwa ọnwa nke na-ekpuchi neurology na psychiatry. Ọ bụ [[Academia Brasileira de Neurologia]] bipụtara ya. A na-ebipụta isiokwu n'asụsụ Bekee, na abstracts n'asụsụ bekee na Portuguese. ndị isi nchịkọta akụkọ bụ José Antonio Livramento na Luís dos Ramos Machado (Mahadum São Paulo). == Nchịkọta na ndepụta ==   Dị ka Journal Citation Reports si kwuo, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwere mmetụta 2014 nke 0.843. <ref name="WoS">{{Cite book|year=2015|chapter=Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria|title=2014 Journal Citation Reports|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|edition=Science|series=[[Web of Science]]}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị ra5w1dr0rmmvdxk1o5y1jvflru1p840 0 33335 692492 208480 2026-07-30T08:59:43Z Anastesia chi 23720 Added default sort 692492 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Gabrielle Lisa Thomas''' (amụrụ na Disemba 7, 1996) <ref name="WAprofile">{{Cite web|title=Gabrielle THOMAS – Athlete Profile|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/united-states/gabrielle-thomas-14733520|work=[[World Athletics]]|accessdate=January 1, 2023|archivedate=June 14, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614143827/https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/united-states/gabrielle-thomas-14733520}}</ref> bụ onye America na-eme egwuregwu na 100 na 200 mita sprint. O meriri ọla nchara na 200m na ọlaọcha dị ka akụkụ nke ụmụ nwanyị 4 × 100m relay na 2020 Tokyo Olympics. &nbsp;<ref>{{Cite web|title=FINAL {{!}} 200 Metres {{!}} Results {{!}} Budapest 23 {{!}} World Athletics Championships|url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-championships/world-athletics-championships-budapest-2023-7138987/results/women/200-metres/final/result|accessdate=2023-09-17|work=worldathletics.org|archivedate=2023-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917012220/https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-championships/world-athletics-championships-budapest-2023-7138987/results/women/200-metres/final/result}}</ref>'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, afọ 2023, o nwetara ihe nrite ọlaọcha nke 200m na asọmpi World Athletics nke afọ 2023 na Budapest na oge nke 21.81 sekọnd. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=McAlister|first=Sean|date=26 August 2023|title=World Athletics Championships 2023: Sha'Carri Richardson leads USA to 4x100m relay gold over Jamaica's superstars Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce and Shericka Jackson|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/usa-win-world-athletics-championships-2023-womens-4x100m-relay|accessdate=16 September 2023|work=olympics.com|publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]|archivedate=17 September 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917012219/https://olympics.com/en/news/usa-win-world-athletics-championships-2023-womens-4x100m-relay}}</ref> ga-aga n'ihu na-emeri ọla edo dị ka akụkụ nke Team USA na 4x100m relay final nke ụmụ nwanyị na ndekọ mmeri nke 41.03 sekọnd. == Mmalite ndụ na mmalite == mụrụ Thomas na Disemba 7, 1996, na Atlanta, [[Jorjiạ (state)|Georgia]] na nne onye Africa America Jennifer Randall na nna onye Jamaica Desmond Thomas. O nwere ejima aha ya bụ Andrew.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Grabowski|first=Kyle|date=2019-01-25|title=Fast lane: Gabby Thomas' journey on the track continues with pro debut at New Balance Indoor Grand Prix|url=https://www.gazettenet.com/Fast-lane-Gabby-Thomas--journey-on-the-track-continues-with-pro-debut-at-New-Balance-Indoor-Grand-Prix-22672860|accessdate=2021-06-27|work=[[Daily Hampshire Gazette]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Thomas|first=Gabrielle|date=2021-02-21|title=Instagram post|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CLkmB5DHnhv/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103220707/https://www.instagram.com/p/CLkmB5DHnhv/|archivedate=2023-11-03|accessdate=2021-06-27|work=[[Instagram]]}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, Randall kwagara ezinụlọ ahụ na [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] ịkụzi na Mahadum Massachusetts mgbe ọ gụsịrị PhD ya na Mahadum Emory. Mgbe ezinụlọ ahụ biri <ref>{{Cite news|author=Adam|first=Kilgore|date=2021-08-01|title=Washington Post profile|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/2021/07/30/gabby-thomas-200-meters-tokyo-olympics/|accessdate=2021-08-01}}</ref> Florence, Thomas malitere ịgba bọọlụ softball na bọọlụ, wee sonye n'òtù egwuregwu na Williston Northampton School. Allyson Felix kpaliri ya ịgba ọsọ, na-ekwu na ncheta mbụ ya banyere ọsọ ọsọ bụ ikiri Felix mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ nne nne ya. <ref name="Atypical_fast">{{Cite web|author=Azzi|first=Alex|date=2021-06-27|title=Gabby Thomas's atypical - but fast! - journey to the Tokyo Olympics|url=https://onherturf.nbcsports.com/2021/06/26/gabby-thomas-womens-200m-olympic-trials/|accessdate=2021-06-27|work=NBC Sports: On Her Turf|archivedate=2021-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627125718/https://onherturf.nbcsports.com/2021/06/26/gabby-thomas-womens-200m-olympic-trials/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Dillon|first=Kevin|date=2015-05-15|title=Williston Northampton's Gabby Thomas to finish decorated track career at NEPSAC Championships Saturday|url=https://www.masslive.com/highschoolsports/article/williston-northamptons-gabby-thomas-to-finish-decorated-track-career-at-nepsac-championships-saturday/|accessdate=2021-07-01|work=masslive|archivedate=2021-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181417/https://www.masslive.com/highschoolsports/article/williston-northamptons-gabby-thomas-to-finish-decorated-track-career-at-nepsac-championships-saturday/}}</ref>'ime afọ anọ ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Thomas setịpụrụ ọtụtụ ndekọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ma bụrụ MVP kwa afọ. [1] [2] Onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ <ref name="Fastest_epidemiologist">{{Cite web|author=Azzi|first=Alex|date=2021-06-09|title=Olympic hopeful Gabby Thomas: the world's fastest epidemiologist?|url=https://onherturf.nbcsports.com/2021/06/09/gabby-thomas-track-and-field-olympic-trials-masters-epidemiology/|accessdate=2021-06-27|work=NBC Sports: On Her Turf|archivedate=2021-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627125740/https://onherturf.nbcsports.com/2021/06/09/gabby-thomas-track-and-field-olympic-trials-masters-epidemiology/}}</ref> Mahadum Harvard, ọ gụrụ neurobiology na ahụike ụwa dị ka onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bolies|first=Corbin|date=2021-06-27|title=Gabby Thomas Runs Second Fastest 200-Meter Race Ever|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/gabby-thomas-runs-second-fastest-200-meter-race-ever-will-head-to-olympics|accessdate=2021-06-27|work=The Daily Beast|archivedate=2021-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627032114/https://www.thedailybeast.com/gabby-thomas-runs-second-fastest-200-meter-race-ever-will-head-to-olympics}}</ref> mechara nweta nzere masta <ref name="Fastest_epidemiologist" /> epidemiology na Mahadum Texas Health Science Center na Houston na ogige mpaghara Austin. == Ọrụ == LMgbe <ref name="Atypical_fast"/> nọ na Harvard, Thomas meriri 22 conference titles gafee afọ atọ ya nke egwuregwu na ihe omume isii dị iche iche, na-etinye ụlọ akwụkwọ na Ivy League ndekọ na mita 100, mita 200 na Mita 60 n'ime ụlọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Walsh|first=Colleen|date=2019-05-30|title=Harvard grad sprints to the finish, breaking NCAA record along the way|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/05/harvard-grad-sprints-to-the-finish-breaking-ncaa-record-along-the-way/|accessdate=2021-06-27|work=[[The Harvard Gazette]]|archivedate=2021-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213507/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/05/harvard-grad-sprints-to-the-finish-breaking-ncaa-record-along-the-way/}}</ref> bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na New Balance wee ghọọ onye ọkachamara n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2018, na-ahapụ afọ ikpeazụ ya nke iru eru kọleji. [1] Mgbe Harvard gasịrị, ọ kwagara Austin, Texas ka Tonja Buford-Bailey zụọ ya. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2020, a kwụsịtụrụ Thomas ruo nwa oge maka ọdịda atọ, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Whereabouts Failures|url=https://www.athleticsintegrity.org/know-the-process/whereabouts-failures|accessdate=2021-07-01|work=[[Athletics Integrity Unit]]|archivedate=2021-07-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704082748/https://www.athleticsintegrity.org/know-the-process/whereabouts-failures}}</ref> nke a kwadoro na afọ abụọ nke enweghị ike iru eru. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Pingue|first=Frank|date=2020-07-04|title=Athletics: Sprinter Thomas cleared by AIU in whereabouts failure case|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-doping-thomas-idUSKBN2442OS|accessdate=2021-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Gault|first=Jonathan|date=2020-05-01|title=Ex-Harvard Sprinter - Yes Harvard - Suspended For Anti-Doping Violation|url=https://www.letsrun.com/news/2020/05/us-sprinters-gabby-thomas-deajah-stevens-kenyan-5851-half-marathoner-alex-korio-oloitiptip-all-provisionally-suspended-for-whereabouts-failures/|accessdate=2021-07-02|work=[[LetsRun.com]]|archivedate=2021-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706151531/https://www.letsrun.com/news/2020/05/us-sprinters-gabby-thomas-deajah-stevens-kenyan-5851-half-marathoner-alex-korio-oloitiptip-all-provisionally-suspended-for-whereabouts-failures/}}</ref> tinyere ihe akaebe ọhụrụ na June iji mee ka otu ọdịda ghara ịdị irè, ma mechaa wepụ ya na July. === 2021 === Thomas nwere egwu ahụike <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dragon|first=Tyler|title=Gabby Thomas wins women's 200 meters at U.S. Olympic trials in world-best time, Allyson Felix fails to qualify|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/06/26/us-olympic-trials-gabby-thomas-wins-200-allyson-felix-fails-qualify/5362015001/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627044530/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/06/26/us-olympic-trials-gabby-thomas-wins-200-allyson-felix-fails-qualify/5362015001/|archivedate=2021-06-27|accessdate=2021-06-27|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> 2021 mgbe MRI kpughere akpụ n'imeju ya, mana ọ bịara bụrụ nke ọma-adịghị njọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Reid|first=Scott|date=2021-06-25|title=Gabby Thomas runs world-best 200 at Olympic Trials|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2021/06/24/gabby-thomas-runs-world-best-200-at-olympic-trials|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625205252/https://www.ocregister.com/2021/06/24/gabby-thomas-runs-world-best-200-at-olympic-trials/|archivedate=2021-06-25|accessdate=2021-06-27|work=[[Orange County Register]]}}</ref> nọchitere anya United States na ọsọ mita 200 na 2020 Tokyo Olympics. [1] Oge <ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=2021-06-26|title=200 meters - women|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/records/all-time-toplists/sprints/200-metres/outdoor/women/senior|accessdate=2021-06-27|work=World Athletics|archivedate=2021-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627074417/https://www.worldathletics.org/records/all-time-toplists/sprints/200-metres/outdoor/women/senior}}</ref> nke 21.61 sekọnd na Ule Olimpik nke United States na June 26, 2021, bụ nke abụọ kachasị ọsọ n'oge ahụ, nke naanị onye na-edekọ ihe ndekọ ụwa Florence Griffith-Joyner gafere. <ref name="2021_Tokyo">{{Cite web|author=Alford|first=Jovan C.|date=2021-08-06|title=Jamaica wins women's 4x100-meter relay in dominating fashion|url=https://dknation.draftkings.com/olympics/2021/8/6/22612830/womens-4x100-meter-relay-winner-video-results-jamaica-gold-medal-usa-silver-great-britain-bronze|accessdate=2021-08-06|work=DraftKings Nation|archivedate=2021-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806142453/https://dknation.draftkings.com/olympics/2021/8/6/22612830/womens-4x100-meter-relay-winner-video-results-jamaica-gold-medal-usa-silver-great-britain-bronze}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Harvard grad Gabby Thomas wins bronze in women's 200-meter final in Tokyo|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gabby-thomas-womens-200-meter-bronze-medal-olympics/|accessdate=2021-08-06|work=[[CBS News]]|date=3 August 2021|archivedate=2021-09-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902133535/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gabby-thomas-womens-200-meter-bronze-medal-olympics/}}</ref> ahụ tụrụ Thomas <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kilgore|first=Adam|date=2021-06-07|title=Gabby Thomas, Rai Benjamin and Grant Holloway have a brush with history at U.S. track trials|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/2021/06/26/us-track-trials-rai-benjamin-grant-holloway-gabby-thomas/|work=[[Washington Post]]|accessdate=2021-06-27}}</ref>'onwe ya n'anya; mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, o kwuru "Ọ gbanwere n'ezie otú m si ele onwe m anya dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ. M ka nọ n'oké egwu... nrọ m bụ ime otu egwuregwu Olympic... Ugbu a emezuru m [nke ahụ], m ga-etinye ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị elu. " [1] Na August 3, 2021 na ngwụcha egwuregwu Olympic, Thomas nwetara ọla nchara, na-agbagharị na oge nke 21.87 s, n'azụ Elaine Thompson-Herah (ọlaedo) na Christine Mboma [2] &nbsp;<ref name="2021_Tokyo" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Women's 4x100m relay Final - Results {{!}} Tokyo 2020 Olympics|url=https://www.eurosport.com/olympics/sport/athletics/event/athletics-women-4x100m-relay/phase/atw401100/doc/results/team/athw4x100m--usa01|accessdate=2021-08-06|work=[[Eurosport]]|archivedate=2023-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917012234/https://www.eurosport.com/geoblocking.shtml}}</ref> atọ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gabby Thomas '19 Wins Silver Medal With U.S. 4x100m Relay Team at 2020 Tokyo Olympics|url=https://gocrimson.com/news/2021/8/6/track-field-gabby-thomas-19-wins-silver-medal-with-us-4x100m-relay-team-at-2020-tokyo-olympics.aspx|accessdate=2021-08-06|work=Harvard University|date=6 August 2021|archivedate=2021-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806143250/https://gocrimson.com/news/2021/8/6/track-field-gabby-thomas-19-wins-silver-medal-with-us-4x100m-relay-team-at-2020-tokyo-olympics.aspx}}</ref> e mesịrị, ndị otu US eruola maka ngwụcha nke 4 x 100 m relay, Thomas gbara ọsọ, ndị otu ahụ wee bịa n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'azụ ndị otu Jamaica, na-enweta ya ihe nrite ọlaọcha ya na ndị otu Javianne Oliver, Teahna Daniels, na [[Jenna Prandini]]. === 2022 === LN'ọnwa Machị, Thomas malitere nke ọma n'oge ya n'èzí na Texas Relays na Austin, na onye na-emeghe oge kachasị ọsọ site na nwanyị ọ bụla na-agba ọsọ 200m. &nbsp;O nwetara akara kachasị ọsọ nke ikuku na-enyere aka n'oge niile na 21.69 sekọnd (+3.1 m / s). &nbsp;<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mulkeen|first=Jon|date=2022-03-26|title=Thomas, Harrison and Barnes fly to speedy wind-assisted times at Texas Relays|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/news/report/texas-relays-thomas-harrison-barnes|accessdate=2022-03-28|work=[[World Athletics]]|archivedate=2022-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328085443/https://www.worldathletics.org/news/report/texas-relays-thomas-harrison-barnes}}</ref> gbara ọsọ na-emeri 10.92 s na 100 m naanị nkeji 45 tupu mgbe ahụ. &nbsp;&nbsp;Thomas hapụrụ iru eru maka asọmpi World Champio<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 6, 2022|title=Sam Kendricks won't defend world pole vault title; U.S. roster named|url=https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2022/07/06/sam-kendricks-pole-vault-world-championships-roster/|accessdate=July 6, 2022|work=[[NBC Sports]]|archivedate=July 6, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706165142/https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2022/07/06/sam-kendricks-pole-vault-world-championships-roster/}}</ref> n'ụlọ na Eugene, Oregon na July ka ọ dọwara ọkpụkpụ ụkwụ ya izu ole na ole tupu asọmpi USATF nke e mere na June ma mechie nke asatọ na 200m ikpeazụ.&nbsp; N'April 29 na Texas Invitational na Austin, Thomas tụgharịrị nnukwu ndekọ onwe ya na 400 m na oge nke 49.68 s (PR mbụ ya bụ 51.15 s site na Mee 2021).<ref name="WAprofile"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Gary|date=April 29, 2023|title=Gabby Thomas runs massive 49.68 PB to win 400m at Texas Invitational|url=https://world-track.org/2023/04/gabby-thomas-runs-massive-49-68-pb-to-win-400m-at-texas-invitational/|accessdate=April 29, 2023|work=World-Track.org|archivedate=April 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430165910/https://world-track.org/2023/04/gabby-thomas-runs-massive-49-68-pb-to-win-400m-at-texas-invitational/}}</ref> &nbsp;&nbsp;<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bregman|first=Scott|date=9 July 2023|title=USA Track and Field Championships 2023: Gabby Thomas sets 200m world lead to grab title ahead of Sha'Carri Richardson|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/usa-track-and-field-championships-2023-sha-carri-richardson-takes-second-in-200m|work=olympics.com|publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]|accessdate=25 August 2023|archivedate=11 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711002811/https://olympics.com/en/news/usa-track-and-field-championships-2023-sha-carri-richardson-takes-second-in-200m}}</ref> Julaị 9, 2023, Thomas ghọrọ onye mmeri mba US maka sprint 200m nke ụmụ nwanyị. N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, afọ 2023, o nwetara ihe nrite ọlaọcha na asọmpi World Athletics nke afọ 2023 na sekọnd 21.81. <ref>{{Cite web|title=FINAL {{!}} 200 Metres {{!}} Results {{!}} Budapest 23 {{!}} World Athletics Championships|url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-championships/world-athletics-championships-budapest-2023-7138987/results/women/200-metres/final/result|accessdate=2023-09-17|work=worldathletics.org|archivedate=2023-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917012220/https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-championships/world-athletics-championships-budapest-2023-7138987/results/women/200-metres/final/result}}</ref> gwụchara n'ihu onye otu USA Sha'Carri Richardson (21.92), na n'azụ onye na-agbachitere onye mmeri ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị 200m Shericka Jackson (21:41 CR). [1] Ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-emeri ọla edo dị ka akụkụ nke Team USA na 4x100m relay final nke ụmụ nwanyị na ndekọ mmeri nke 41.03 sekọnd. Ndị otu <ref name=":0"/> na ihe omume a bụ Tamari Davis, Twanisha Terry, na Sha'Carri Richardson. == Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru == === Egwuregwu mba ụwa === {|{{AchievementTable|nation=USA|Event=yes|Time=yes}} |- |2019 |[[2019 IAAF World Relays|IAAF World Relays]] |[[Yokohama]], Japan |– |4 × 200 m relay |[[2019 IAAF World Relays – Women's 4 × 200 metres relay|DQ]] |<ref>[https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6359/AT-4X2-W-f----.RS6.pdf?v=1690998731 2019 IAAF World Relays – Women's 4 × 200 metres relay Final Results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223060557/https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6359/AT-4X2-W-f----.RS6.pdf?v=1690998731|date=2021-12-23}} [[IAAF]]</ref> |- |rowspan=2|2021 |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Tokyo]], Japan |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |200 m |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metres|21.87]] | +0.8 m/s |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |4 × 100 m relay |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|41.45]] |{{AthAbbr|SB}} |- |rowspan=2|2023 |rowspan=2|[[2023 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Budapest]], Hungary |bgcolor=silver|2nd |200&nbsp;m |[[2023 World Athletics Championships – Women's 200 metres|21.81]] |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |4 × 100 m relay&nbsp; |[[2023 World Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|41.03]] |'''{{AthAbbr|CR}}''' |} === Mmeri mba === {|{{AchievementTable|nation=|Event=yes|Time=yes}} |+ Representing [[New Balance#Athletics|New Balance]] |- |rowspan=2|2019 |[[2019 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships|USATF Indoor Championships]] |[[Staten Island|Staten Island, New York]] |bgcolor=silver|2nd |300 m |[[2019 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships#Female medalist|35.98]] |<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210921132850/https://www.usatf.tv/gprofile.php?do=view_event&event_id=25&mgroup_id=45365&year=2019 2019 Toyota USATF Indoor Championships February 22nd - February 24th Staten Island, New York, United States Women 300 M] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921132850/https://www.usatf.tv/gprofile.php?do=view_event&event_id=25&mgroup_id=45365&year=2019 |date=2021-09-21 }} USATF.tv via ResultsCentral</ref> |- |[[2019 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships|USATF Championships]] |[[Des Moines, Iowa]] |8th |200 m |[[2019 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships#Women track events|DNF]] | -1.2 m/s<ref>[https://www.flashresults.com/2019_Meets/Outdoor/07-25_USATF_CIS/results.pdf 2019 Toyota USATF Championships - 7/25/2019 to 7/28/2019 Drake Stadium Results Women 200 M Nike] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705203747/https://www.flashresults.com/2019_Meets/Outdoor/07-25_USATF_CIS/results.pdf |date=2022-07-05 }} Flash Results</ref> |- |rowspan=2|2021 |rowspan=2|[[2020 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|U.S. Olympic Trials]] |rowspan=2|[[Eugene, Oregon]] |4th |100 m |[[2020 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)#Women track events|11.15]] | -1.0 m/s |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |200 m |[[2020 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|21.61]] | +1.3 m/s {{AthAbbr|PB}} |- |2022 |[[2022 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships|USATF Championships]] |[[Eugene, Oregon]] |8th |200 m |[[2022 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships#Women track and road events|22.47]] | -0.3 m/s |- |2023 |[[2023 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships|USATF Championships]] |[[Eugene, Oregon]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |200 m |[[2023 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships#Women track and road events|21.60]] | -0.4 m/s {{AthAbbr|PB}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bregman |first=Scott |date=9 July 2023 |title=USA Track and Field Championships 2023: Gabby Thomas sets 200m world lead to grab title ahead of Sha'Carri Richardson |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/usa-track-and-field-championships-2023-sha-carri-richardson-takes-second-in-200m |website=olympics.com |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]] |access-date=25 August 2023 |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711002811/https://olympics.com/en/news/usa-track-and-field-championships-2023-sha-carri-richardson-takes-second-in-200m |url-status=live }}</ref> |} === Mmeri Circuit === * Njikọ Diamond ** 2018 (200 m): Lausanne Athletissima ** 2019 (200 m): Lausanne == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Gabrielle}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t2rt2etcvpgc4n02te5wyigoz7mezx2 0 33523 692295 596334 2026-07-29T18:45:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-18|title=First Black African To Be Appointed Rhodes Professor {{!}} Wale Adebanwi|url=http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/first-black-african-to-be-appointed-rhodes-professorwale-adebanwi-biographywale-adebanwi-profile/|accessdate=2022-08-06|work=Nigerian Monitor|language=en-US|archivedate=2017-04-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427143610/http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/first-black-african-to-be-appointed-rhodes-professorwale-adebanwi-biographywale-adebanwi-profile/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PROF. WALE ADEBANWI: I Wish I Were Gifted But I’ve Got Good Luck|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/11/17/prof-wale-adebanwi-i-wish-i-were-gifted-but-ive-got-good-luck/|accessdate=2022-08-06|work=ThisDay Live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Professor Wale Adebanwi|url=https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/people/wale-adebanwi/|accessdate=2022-08-06|work=Oxford Martin School|language=en}}</ref>'''Wale Adebanwi''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1969) bụ [[Naijiria|Onye Naijiria]] amụrụ Black Rhodes Prọfesọ mbụ na St Antony's College, Oxford ebe ọ bụ, ruo June 2021, Prọfesor nke Mmekọrịta Agbụrụ, na onye nduzi nke African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, na onye otu Governing Board Fellow. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Wale Adebanwi {{!}} Africana Studies|url=https://africana.sas.upenn.edu/people/wale-adebanwi|accessdate=2022-08-06|work=africana.sas.upenn.edu}}</ref> bụ ugbu a onye isi ala Penn Compact Prọfesọ nke Africana Studies na Mahadum Pennsylvania . [1] Nnyocha Adebanwi <ref name=":0" />-elekwasị anya n'ọtụtụ isiokwu na mpaghara mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ịhụ mba n'anya na agbụrụ, mmekọrịta agbụrụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị njirimara, ndị isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọdịbendị, usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mpaghara n'Africa. == Ihe omuma agụmakwụkwọ == Wale Adebanwi gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere mbụ na Mass Communication na [[University of Lagos|Mahadum Lagos]], ma mesịa nweta M.Sc. na Ph.D. na Sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na Mahadum Ibadan. O nwekwara MPhil. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wale Adebanwi {{!}} Africana Studies|url=https://africana.sas.upenn.edu/people/wale-adebanwi|accessdate=2023-06-05|work=africana.sas.upenn.edu}}</ref> Ph.D. na Social Anthropology site na Mahadum Cambridge . <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Naijamotherland|title=Wale Adebanwi: Meet The Nigerian Appointed As First Black African Rhodes Professor At Oxford University|url=http://dailynigerianews.naijamotherland.com/2017/01/18/wale-adebanwi-meet-the-nigerian-appointed-as-first-black-african-rhodes-professor-at-oxford-university/|publisher=Naija Motherland|accessdate=28 February 2017|archivedate=18 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118210430/http://dailynigerianews.naijamotherland.com/2017/01/18/wale-adebanwi-meet-the-nigerian-appointed-as-first-black-african-rhodes-professor-at-oxford-university/}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Adebanwi rụrụ ọrụ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bellanaija|title=President Buhari Hails Wale Adebanwi on his Appointment as Rhodes Professor at Oxford University|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/01/president-buhari-hails-wale-adebanwi-on-his-appointment-as-rhodes-professor-at-oxford-university/|publisher=Bella naija.com|date=14 January 2017|accessdate=28 February 2017}}</ref> ka onye nta akụkọ n'efu, onye edemede, onye nta akụkọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin tupu ọ banye na Ngalaba Sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Mahadum Ibadan dị ka onye nkuzi na onye nyocha. E mechara họpụta ya dị ka osote prọfesọ na Ngalaba African American na African Studies nke Mahadum California, Davis, USA. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wale Adebanwi|url=https://aas.ucdavis.edu/faculty-and-staff/wale-adebanwi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926235406/https://aas.ucdavis.edu/faculty-and-staff/wale-adebanwi|archivedate=2016-09-26|work=UC Davis}}</ref> ghọrọ prọfesọ zuru oke na UC Davis na 2016. [1] Adebanwi bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Africa: Journal of the International African Institute'' na ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=African Studies Workshop Featuring Wale Adebanwi|url=https://africa.harvard.edu/event/african-studies-workshop-featuring-wale-adebanwi|accessdate=2022-08-06|work=africa.harvard.edu|language=en|archivedate=2022-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522045304/https://africa.harvard.edu/event/african-studies-workshop-featuring-wale-adebanwi}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọrụ ya ndị e bipụtara gụnyere: <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeriannation|title=Wale Adebanwi: Meet The Nigerian Appointed As First Black African Rhodes Professor At Oxford University|url=http://newspapers.nigeriannation.news/2017/01/18/wale-adebanwi-meet-the-nigerian-appointed-as-first-black-african-rhodes-professor-at-oxford-university/|publisher=Nageriannation.news|accessdate=28 February 2017|archivedate=1 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301013148/http://newspapers.nigeriannation.news/2017/01/18/wale-adebanwi-meet-the-nigerian-appointed-as-first-black-african-rhodes-professor-at-oxford-university/}}</ref> * Mba dị ka nnukwu akụkọ: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016) * ''Ndị Yoruba Elites na Ethnic Politics na Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo na Corporate Agency'' (Cambridge University Press, 2014) * Ikike Izu ohi: Agha mgbochi nrụrụ aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọchịchị na post-military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012) Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere. * ''Akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị n'Africa: Beyond the Margins'' (James Currey Publishers, 2017) * ''Ndị edemede na Echiche Ọha na Africa'' (Routledge, 2016) * (nke ya na Ebenezer Obadare jikọrọ aka dee) Ọchịchị na Nsogbu nke Ọchịchị n'Africa nke Oge A (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016) * (nke ya na Ebenezer Obadare jikọrọ aka dee) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013). * (nke ya na Ebenezer Obadare jikọrọ aka dee) Nigeria na Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012) * (nke ya na Ebenezer Obadare jikọrọ aka dee) Na-''Izute steeti Naịjirịa'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010). == Onyinye == * Rhodes Prọfesọ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian scholar named Rhodes Professor at Oxford University|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/219998-nigerian-scholar-named-rhodes-professor-oxford-university.html|work=www.premiumtimesng.com|publisher=[[Premium Times]]|accessdate=7 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053137/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/219998-nigerian-scholar-named-rhodes-professor-oxford-university.html|archivedate=May 26, 2022|language=en|date=January 10, 2017}}</ref> Mmekọrịta Agbụrụ nke Mahadum Oxford nyere Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}}{{authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bazsdnepa7m3y0gewt8wja54xqxyccm 0 33702 692358 187404 2026-07-29T20:37:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692358 wikitext text/x-wiki <references group="" responsive="1"></references>{{Databox}} <ref name="Holley">Holley, Joe. “[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/13/AR2008011302806.html Pompeian Historian Wilhelmina Jashemski.]” ''The Washington Post''. January 14, 2008.</ref>'''Wilhelmina Mary Feemster Jashemski''' (July 10, 1910 &#x2D; December 24, 2007) bụ onye ọkà mmụta America nke ebe ochie Pompeii, ebe nyocha ihe ochie ya lekwasịrị anya na ihe akaebe nke ogige na ịkọ ugbo n'obodo oge ochie ahụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jashemski|first=Wilhelmina F.|date=1977-04-01|title=The Excavation of a Shop-House Garden at Pompeii (I. XX. 5)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/503177|journal=American Journal of Archaeology|volume=81|issue=2|pages=217–227|doi=10.2307/503177|issn=0002-9114}}</ref> na-echeta ya maka onyinye ya na archaeobotany na ebe Pompeiian, ka ọ na-emepụta usoro maka ichekwa ihe ndị fọdụrụ na mgbọrọgwụ site n'oge ochie, nke a maara dị ka mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Jashemski na York, Nebraska. Ọ gụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na Latin na York College, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ ya na 1931. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Collection: Wilhelmina F. Jashemski papers {{!}} Archival Collections|url=https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1600|accessdate=2020-09-10|work=archives.lib.umd.edu}}</ref> Jashemski gara Mahadum Chicago, nweta nzere doctorate ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie na-elekwasị anya na iwu Rom na 1942. <ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ == Ọ malitere izi ihe na 1935, ma kụzie na Lindenwood College, Missouri, tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ na ngalaba nke Mahadum Maryland site na 1946 ruo 1980. <ref>The University of Maryland. “[https://web.archive.org/web/20140119184124/http://lib.guides.umd.edu/content.php?pid=135594&sid=1161998 Pompeii Resources in University of Maryland Libraries: Dr. Wilhelmina Jashemski].” Accessed December 4, 2011.</ref> Ọrụ Jashemski na Pompeii, Villa Boscoreale, na Oplontis malitere na 1961 wee gaa n'ihu ruo 1984. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.doaks.org/research/garden-landscape/resources/doaks-garden-archaeology|title=Garden Archaeology|work=Dumbarton Oaks}}</ref> maara ya maka ịbụ onye ọsụ ụzọ n'ọhịa nke nkà mmụta ihe ochie. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'igwu ogige nke obodo Hadrian na Tivoli. <ref>Carroll, Maureen. ''Earthly Paradises: Ancient Gardens in History and Archaeology''. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2003.</ref> na-ele Jashemski anya dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ n'ọhịa nkà mmụta ihe ochie na Mediterenian oge ochie. <ref>Archaeological Institute of America. “[https://web.archive.org/web/20111129211016/http://archaeological.org/giving/endowments/231 Wilhelmina and Stanley Jashemski Lecture].” Accessed November 21, 2011.</ref> nyere ya Ihe nrite ọla edo maka ihe ịga nke ọma nke Archaeological site na Archaeological Institute of America na 1996, mgbe e bipụtara mpịakọta nke abụọ nke ọrụ ya The Gardens of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and the Villas Destroyed by Vesuvius . [1] <ref>{{Cite web|title=About - Gardens of the Roman Empire|url=https://roman-gardens.github.io/about/|accessdate=2021-04-22|work=roman-gardens.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GRE announces beta launch - Gardens of the Roman Empire|url=https://roman-gardens.github.io/blog/01_20210421_beta_launch/|accessdate=2021-04-22|work=roman-gardens.github.io}}</ref> gụnyere ọrụ Jashemski na nchekwa data ọha na eze n'ịntanetị Gardens of the Roman Empire, nke malitere na Eprel 2021 na ntinye maka ihe karịrị 100 ogige. [1] [2] == Ndụ onwe onye == Di Jashemski bụ onye physics Stanley A. Jashemsqui, onye sere ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị ọ gwupụtara maka mbipụta. Jashemski bụ onye otu Takoma Park Presbyterian Church ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri ise. <ref name="Holley"/> == Ọrụ == * ''Mmalite na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Pro-consular na Propraetorian Imperium ruo 27 BC.'' Chicago: Mahadum nke Chicago Press, 1950. * ''Ogige ndị Rom oge ochie''. MacDougall, Elisabeth B., Dumbarton Oaks. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. 1987.   * Ogige Pompeii, Herculaneum, na Villas Destructed by Vesuvius 2 vol. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Studia Pompeiana & classica na nsọpụrụ nke Wilhelmina F. Jashemski''. Jashemski, Wilhelmina F. (Wilhelmina Feemster), Curtis, Robert I. (Robert Irvin). New Rochelle, N.Y.: A.D. Caratzas. 1988–1989.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-89241-425-1|0-89241-425-1]] * Jashemski, Wilhelmina F. (Wilhelmina Feemster), (1999). ''A Pompeian herbal: oge ochie na nke oge a ọgwụ '' osisi (1st ed.). Austin: Mahadum nke Texas Press.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-292-74061-1|0-292-74061-1]] * ''Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Pompeii''. Jashemski, Wilhelmina F. (Wilhelmina Feemster), Meyer, Frederick G. (Frederick Gustav). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-521-80054-4|0-521-80054-4]] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == Nkwupụta ndị metụtaraWilhelmina Feemster Jashemskina Wikiquote 8l5mla9k40fhztuxhl2q7st44xw9wwq 0 34054 692418 539224 2026-07-29T23:42:36Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == Akụkọ ndụ == Fatima Al Qadiri bụ nwa nwanyị nke Mohammed Al Qadiri, onye bụbu onye nnọchi anya mba Kuwait na onye edemede, na Thuraya Al-Baqsami, onye na-ese ihe na onye edemedo a ma ama n'ụwa niile. Nwanne ya nwanyị bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri Monira Al Qadiri. mụrụ ya na Dakar, Senegal, na July 1981, ebe nna ya na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ n'oge ahụ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/sasha-frere-jones/a-non-resolution-to-elect-fatima-al-qadiri-to-non-office|title=A Non-Resolution to Elect Fatima Al Qadiri to Non-Office|date=2014-05-12|magazine=The New Yorker|access-date=2017-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412063410/http://www.newyorker.com/culture/sasha-frere-jones/a-non-resolution-to-elect-fatima-al-qadiri-to-non-office|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ezinụlọ ya laghachiri Kuwait mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ, mgbe ọ dị iri na asaa, Al Qadiri gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Kuwait wee gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ kọleji na United States. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/features/update/9348-fatima-al-qadiri/|title=Fatima Al Qadiri {{!}} Pitchfork|work=pitchfork.com|language=en|accessdate=2017-04-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808053441/http://pitchfork.com/features/update/9348-fatima-al-qadiri/|archivedate=8 August 2017}}</ref> agụmakwụkwọ sitere na Ministry of Higher Education na Kuwait, Al Qadiri gara kọleji dị iche iche - Pennsylvania State University, George Washington University, na Mahadum Miami - tupu ọ gaa Mahadum New York ma nweta nzere bachelọ na Linguistics mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ. <ref name=":0" /> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji, ọ gara obodo dị iche iche tupu ọ laghachi na US na 2007. <ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ == <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/dismagazine/ayshay-muslim-trance/|title=Ayshay - Muslim Trance Mini-Mix|publisher=|accessdate=5 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122033941/https://soundcloud.com/dismagazine/ayshay-muslim-trance|archivedate=22 November 2018}}</ref>'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2010, Al Qadiri mepụtara "Muslim Trance", obere ngwakọta maka ''Magazin DIS'' n'okpuru aha ọzọ Ayshay, nke dọtara uche ya. Ọ malitekwara blọọgụ ya bụ Global .Wav <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dismagazine.com/blog/global-wav/|title=Global .Wav "DIS Magazine|author=Lauren Boyle|work=DIS Magazine|accessdate=11 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519233404/http://dismagazine.com/blog/global-wav/|archivedate=19 May 2015}}</ref> DIS Magazine na mbido afọ ahụ. [1] <ref>{{Cite web|title=AFAC Announces 35 New Grant Recipients from its First Call in 2011|url=http://www.arabculturefund.org/resources/originals/1344165897-Pressrelease-Granteeannouncement-2011-English-final.pdf|accessdate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018153729/http://www.arabculturefund.org/resources/originals/1344165897-Pressrelease-Granteeannouncement-2011-English-final.pdf|archivedate=18 October 2016}}</ref>'afọ 2011, Al Qadiri na onye na-ese ihe na Kuwait bụ Khalid Al Gharaballi natara onyinye site n'aka Arab Fund for Arts and Culture iji mepụta vidiyo na ihe ọkpụkpụ akpọrọ "Mendeel Um A7mad (NxIxSxM) " nke egosiri na Contemporary Art Platform (CAP) Kuwait n'afọ 2012. Site na 2011 - 2012, Al Qadiri wepụtara ọtụtụ EP na akara Fade to Mind, UNO na Tri Angle (n'okpuru aha Ayshay). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/15902-warn-u-ep/|title=Ayshay: WARN-U EP Album Review - Pitchfork|work=pitchfork.com|accessdate=5 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817162632/http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/15902-warn-u-ep/|archivedate=17 August 2017}}</ref> Na Machị 2013, Al Qadiri ghọrọ onye otu 9 (nke bụzi 8) nke ndị na-ese ihe GCC, nke egosila ọrụ ya na MoMA PS1, Fridericianum, Sharjah Art Foundation na Whitney Museum of American Art . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aktnz.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/2013_mousse41_GCC_enit.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308015358/http://aktnz.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/2013_mousse41_GCC_enit.pdf|archivedate=8 March 2016}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Qadiri, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8ujdcrii5xqbx03wzuq2jrxfci37tpt 0 34070 692534 631032 2026-07-30T09:35:03Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Fatima Sana Shaikh''' (born 11 January 1992)<ref name="Birth date">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/fatima-sana-shaikh-lesser-known-facts-about-the-actress/fatima-sana-shaikh-lesser-known-facts-about-the-actress/photostory/63514447.cms|work=The Times of India|publisher=TOI|title=Fatima Sana Shaikh: Lesser known facts about the actress|accessdate=17 April 2019|archivedate=11 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511033640/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/fatima-sana-shaikh-lesser-known-facts-about-the-actress/fatima-sana-shaikh-lesser-known-facts-about-the-actress/photostory/63514447.cms}}</ref>  is an Indian actress, who works in Hindi films.<ref name="sanadangal">{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/Meet-Aamir-Khans-wrestler-daughters/articleshow/47007245.cms|title=Meet Aamir Khan's wrestler daughters|work=Mumbai Mirror|accessdate=31 March 2019|archivedate=18 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818095011/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Meet-Aamir-Khans-wrestler-daughters/articleshow/47007245.cms}}</ref> Shaikh appeared as a child artist in such films as ''Chachi 420'' (1997) and ''One 2 Ka 4'' (2001).<ref name="IndiaToday-Ghosh-MeToo-2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/fatima-sana-shaikh-on-her-metoo-story-it-happened-when-i-was-very-young-1493060-2019-04-03|title=Fatima Sana Shaikh on her #MeToo story: It happened when I was very young|first=Samrudhi|author=Ghosh|date=3 April 2019|work=India Today|accessdate=19 August 2019}}</ref> In 2016, she portrayed wrestler Geeta Phogat in the top-grossing sports film ''Dangal''.<ref name="Hindu-Aneja-DangalSuccess-2017">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/chinas-dangal-mega-success-echoes-at-second-brics-film-festival/article19144747.ece|title=China's 'Dangal' mega-success echoes at second BRICS film festival|first=Atul|author=Aneja|date=25 June 2017|work=The Hindu|accessdate=19 August 2019}}</ref> She has since starred in the streaming anthology projects ''Ludo'' (2020), ''Ajeeb Daastaans'' (2021), and ''Modern Love Mumbai'' (2022). == Mbido na ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ Fatima Sana Shaikh na 11 Jenụwarị 1992 a mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na Mumbai. Nne <ref name="Sisat interview">{{Cite web|date=29 October 2020|title=I am an atheist, I believe in karma: actress Fatima Sana Shaikh|url=https://www.siasat.com/i-am-an-atheist-i-believe-in-karma-actress-fatima-sana-shaikh-2010429/|accessdate=22 November 2020|work=[[The Siasat Daily]]|language=en-GB}}</ref>, Raj Tabassum, si Srinagar, nna ya, Vipin Sharma, si Jammu. bụ ezie na a zụlitere nna ya dị ka onye Hindu na nne ya bụ onye Alakụba, Shaikh na-ekwupụta na ọ bụ Onye na-ekweghị na Chineke. <ref name="th">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Braving-the-bruises/article16907284.ece|title=Braving the bruises|author=Rathi|first=Vasundhara|work=The Hindu|date=20 December 2016|accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref> natara ahụmịhe na foto tupu ọ bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri. == Ọrụ == Shaikh malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe nwatakịrị na ''Chachi 420'' na ''Otu 2 Ka 4''. <ref name="IndiaToday-Ghosh-MeToo-2019" />{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/fatima-sana-shaikh-on-her-metoo-story-it-happened-when-i-was-very-young-1493060-2019-04-03|title=Fatima Sana Shaikh on her #MeToo story: It happened when I was very young|first=Samrudhi|author=Ghosh|date=3 April 2019|work=India Today|accessdate=19 August 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGhosh2019">Ghosh, Samrudhi (3 April 2019). [https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/fatima-sana-shaikh-on-her-metoo-story-it-happened-when-i-was-very-young-1493060-2019-04-03 "Fatima Sana Shaikh on her #MeToo story: It happened when I was very young"]. ''India Today''. Delhi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Afọ ole <ref>{{Cite web|first=Subhash K.|author=Jha|date=24 July 2009|title=Santosh Sivan unaware of Tahaan honour in Germany|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/santosh-sivan-unaware-of-tahaan-honour-in-germany/story-c1HRKz9iKVkN7bFvgjUXGM.html|accessdate=5 July 2021|work=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> ole ka e mesịrị, ọ rụrụ Zoya na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri India ''Tahaan'', nke natara "The German Star of India award" na mmemme "Bollywood and Beyond" na Stuttgart, Germany na 2009. [1] [[Usòrò:Fatima_Sana_Shaikh,_Aamir_Khan,_Sanya_Malhotra,_Suhani_Bhatnagar,_Zaira_Wasim_on_the_sets_of_Dangal.jpg|thumb|Fatima Sana Shaikh (n'aka ekpe) na setịpụrụ nke ''Dangal'']] A họpụtara Shaikh maka ihe nkiri egwuregwu akụkọ Nitesh Tiwari ''Dangal'' tinyere Sanya Malhotra, onye na-emebeghị ihe ọ bụla. <ref name="exhaust">{{Cite news|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/dangal-selection-process-sanya-malhotra-talks-about-the-emotionally-exhausting-experience-1708568/|title=Dangal selection process: Sanya Malhotra talks about the emotionally exhausting experience|work=India.com|date=16 December 2016|accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref> họpụtara Shaikh ka ọ bụrụ Geeta Phogat. Iji kwadebe maka ọrụ <ref name="exhaust" />, ọ kiriri ọtụtụ vidiyo gbasara ịgba mgba iji ghọta "otú ndị na-agba mgba si agagharị, na-aga ije, asụsụ ahụ ha". <ref name="th"/> Malhotra na Sheikh gafere agba ise nke nyocha, ọzụzụ anụ ahụ na ogbako na Tiwari na Aamir Khan. [1] Onye nkuzi <ref name="th" /> onye bụbu onye mgba Kripa Shankar Patel Bishnoi zụrụ ha. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Cain|first=Rob|title=How An Indian Drama Became The World's Highest-Grossing Sports Movie Of 2017|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/06/19/how-an-indian-drama-became-the-worlds-highest-grossing-sports-movie-of-2017/|work=[[Forbes]]|date=19 June 2017}}</ref>'ịbụ onye a tọhapụrụ na 2016, ''Dangal'' nwetara otuto dị egwu ma ghọọ ihe nkiri India kachasị elu na-enweta ihe karịrị ₹ 2,₹,000 crore (US $ n'ụwa niile. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ Zafira Baig, onye agha na-agba ụta Thug na Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri, Thugs of Hindostan . <ref name="NDTV review">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/thugs-of-hindostan-movie-review-bloated-and-tacky-despite-amitabh-bachchan-plus-aamir-khan-2-5-stars-1944309|title=Thugs of Hindostan Movie Review: Bloated And Tacky Despite Amitabh Bachchan Plus Aamir Khan|work=Ndtv.com|accessdate=8 November 2018|archivedate=8 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108105307/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/thugs-of-hindostan-movie-review-bloated-and-tacky-despite-amitabh-bachchan-plus-aamir-khan-2-5-stars-1944309}}</ref> Shaikh ga-apụta na ihe nkiri Hindi nke ihe nkiri [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ''Aruvi'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/fatima-sana-shaikh-gearing-up-for-remake-of-this-tamil-superhit-film-23162327|title=Fatima Sana Shaikh gearing up for remake of this Tamil superhit film|date=6 March 2021|work=Mid Day|accessdate=6 March 2021}}</ref> bụ Applause Entertainment na-emepụta nsụgharị Hindi. [1]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sanya-malhotra-fatima-sana-shaikh-join-vicky-kaushal-sam-manekshaw-biopic-sambahadur-7669977/|title=Vicky Kaushal welcomes Dangal girls Sanya Malhotra, Fatima Sana Shaikh onboard Sam Manekshaw biopic|date=13 December 2021|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> ga-ahụ Fatima dị ka Indira Gandhi, tinyere Vicky Kaushal na Sanya Malhotra na ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ Sam Manekshaw nke afọ 2022 nke Meghna Gulzar duziri. == Ihe nkiri == {{Pending films key}} === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe mgbochi. |- | rowspan="2" |1997 |''Ishq'' |Cameo |Dị ka nwata na-ese ihe |  |- |''Chachi 420'' |Bharti Ratan |Dị ka nwata na-ese ihe |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatima Sana Shaikh Shares Throwback Pic From The Sets Of Chachi 420, Featuring Tabu|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/fatima-sana-shaikh-shares-throwback-pic-from-the-sets-of-chachi-420-featuring-tabu-2010000|accessdate=7 August 2021|work=NDTV.com}}</ref> |- |1999 |''Bade Dilwala'' |Nwa Sana |Dị ka nwata na-ese ihe | |- |2001 |''Otu 2 Ka 4'' |Nwa nwanyị nke Inspector Abbas |Dị ka nwata na-ese ihe | |- |2008 |''Tahaan'' |Zoya | | |- |2012 |''Onye isi ilu'' |Priya | | |- |2013 |''Akaash Vani'' |Sumbul | |<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/jan/260113-movie-review-akaash-vani.htm|title=Movie Review: Akaash Vani|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=26 January 2013|accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> |- |2015 |''Nuvvu Nenu Okkatavudam'' |Onye nzuzu |Ihe nkiri Telugu | |- |2016 |''Dangal'' |Geeta Phogat | |<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 December 2020|title=4 Years of Dangal: Sanya Malhotra shares unseen BTS pictures featuring the cast including Aamir Khan|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/4-years-of-dangal-sanya-malhotra-shares-unseen-bts-pictures-featuring-the-cast-including-aamir-khan/|accessdate=7 August 2021|language=en}}</ref> |- |2018 |''Osisi ndị dị na Hindostan'' |Zafira Baig | |<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 October 2020|first=Tiasa|author=Bhowal|title=What Fatima Sana Shaikh learnt from the Thugs of Hindostan debacle: Interview|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/what-fatima-sana-shaikh-learnt-from-the-thugs-of-hindostan-debacle-interview-1735907-2020-10-28|accessdate=7 August 2021|work=India Today|language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Ludo'' |Pinky | |<ref name="FirstPost-27Dec19">{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/anurag-basus-upcoming-film-ludo-featuring-abhishek-bachchan-rajkummar-rao-to-release-on-24-april-2020-7831531.html|title=Anurag Basu's upcoming film Ludo featuring Abhishek Bachchan, Rajkummar Rao to release on 24 April 2020|date=27 December 2019|work=Firstpost|language=en|accessdate=27 December 2019|archivedate=27 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227075138/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/anurag-basus-upcoming-film-ludo-featuring-abhishek-bachchan-rajkummar-rao-to-release-on-24-april-2020-7831531.html}}</ref> |- |''Suraj Pe Mangal Bhari'' |Tulshi Rane | |<ref>{{Cite web|title=सूरज पे मंगल भारी ने दर्शकों को द‍िखाया स‍िनेमाघरों का रास्‍ता, द‍िलजीत बोले #ChaloCinema|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-diljit-dosanjh-fatima-sana-shaikh-movie-suraj-pe-mangal-bhari-release-getting-good-response-dv-3340201.html|accessdate=17 November 2020|work=News18 India|archivedate=16 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116163452/https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-diljit-dosanjh-fatima-sana-shaikh-movie-suraj-pe-mangal-bhari-release-getting-good-response-dv-3340201.html}}</ref> |- |2021 |''Ndị Ajeeb Daastaan'' |Lipakshi | |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karan Johar unveils teaser of Netflix anthology Ajeeb Daastaans which is set to premiere on 16 April|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/karan-johar-unveils-teaser-of-netflix-anthology-ajeeb-daastaans-which-is-set-to-premiere-on-april-16/|date=19 March 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=19 March 2021}}</ref> |- |2022 |''Thar'' |Chetna | | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |''Dhak Dhak'' |Eluigwe | |<ref>{{Cite web|title='Dhak Dhak': Fatima Sana Shaikh, Ratna Pathak Shah, Dia Mirza and Sanjana Sanghi promise a ride of a lifetime|work=The Times of India|date=16 May 2022|url=https://timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dhak-dhak-fatima-sana-shaikh-ratna-pathak-shah-dia-mirza-and-sanjana-sanghi-promise-a-ride-of-a-lifetime/articleshow/91586903.cms}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Sam Bahadur'' † |Indira Gandhi |Emechara ya |<ref>{{Cite web|title=SamBahadur: Vicky Kaushal, Sanya Malhotra, Fatima Sana Shaikh commence shoot for Meghna Gulzar's next directorial|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sambahadur-vicky-kaushal-sanya-malhotra-fatima-sana-shaikh-commence-shoot-meghna-gulzars-next-directorial/|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=8 August 2022|accessdate=8 August 2022}}</ref> |} === Telivishọn === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu !Ihe mgbochi. |- |2002–2004 |''Nnukwu oriri Kitty'' |A maghị ya | | |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |''Ụmụ nwanyị pụrụ iche'' |Geeti |Oge nke 1 |  |- |''Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Nwa Kijo'' |Suman |Ọrụ a na-arụ ugboro ugboro |<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 January 2021|title=Fatima Sana Shaikh: five things you didn't know|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/fatima-sana-shaikh-five-things-we-bet-you-didn-t-know-about-the-dangal-girl-101610273269748.html|accessdate=7 August 2021|work=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> |- |2011 |''Ihe kacha mma Nikki'' |Richa Shivoy |Ọ pụtara n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na Boys Meet GirlsỤmụ nwoke zutere ụmụ nwanyị |  |- |2022 |''Ịhụnanya nke Oge A Mumbai'' |Lalzari |Akụkụ: "Raat Rani" | |} === Vidio egwu === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ !Aha ya !Onye na-abụ abụ !Ihe mgbochi. |- |2015 |''Tujhse Meri'' |Aditya Salankar | |- |2020 |''Palkein Kholo'' |Vishal Bhardwaj |<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 September 2020|title='Palkein Kholo': Fatima Sana Shaikh turns director for Vishal Bharadwaj's music video|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-palkein-kholo-fatima-sana-shaikh-turns-director-for-vishal-bharadwaj-s-music-video-2841033|accessdate=14 October 2021|work=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> |} == Ndị a nabatara == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Ihe nrite !Ụdị !Ọrụ !Nsonaazụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe mgbochi. |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |Ihe nrite Screen Awards |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma | rowspan="2" |''Dangal''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Screen Awards 2017 nominations announced|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/screen-awards-2017-nominations-announced/5122899.article|accessdate=7 August 2021|work=Screen|language=en}}</ref> |- |Ihe nrite ihe nkiri Jackie Chan |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma| {{Won}} |<ref name="mid">{{Cite news|title=Dangal girls Fatima Sana Shaikh and Sanya Malhotra win action award in China|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/dangal-girls-fatima-sana-shaikh-and-sanya-malhotra-win-action-award-in-china/19632150|accessdate=9 April 2019|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=23 July 2018}}</ref> |- |2022 |Ihe nrite Filmfare OTT |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ihe nkiri Web Original (Nwanyị) |''Thar''|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2022|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2022/vote|accessdate=2022-12-04|work=filmfare.com|language=en}}</ref> |} == Mgbasa ozi == A họpụtara Shaikh na The Times Most Desirable Women na No. 48 na 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Times Most Desirable Woman of 2020: Rhea Chakraborty - Living through a trial by fire, gracefully - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-times-most-desirable-woman-of-2020-rhea-chakraborty-living-through-a-trial-by-fire-gracefully/articleshow/83312150.cms|accessdate=7 August 2021|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name}} * Fatima Sana ShaikhnaBollywood Hungama    {{DEFAULTSORT:Shaikh, Fatima Sana}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3diedrq14bumx842bxlatfw4foxm8ii 0 34366 692322 141103 2026-07-29T19:26:57Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Felix Olorunfemi''' (amụrụ na 8 June 1966) bụ Bishọp Anglican nke Etsako <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anglicancommunion.org/structures/member-churches/member-church/diocese.aspx?church=nigeria&dio=etsako|title=Anglican Communion: Diocese|first=Anglican Communion|author=Office|work=Anglican Communion Website}}</ref> na Bendel Province <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ecclesiastical Province of Bendel {{!}} Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion)|date=26 March 2020|url=https://anglican-nig.org/our-provinces/ecclesiastical-province-of-bendel/|accessdate=2021-03-10|language=en-UK}}</ref> nke Chọọchị Naịjirịa. Edoro ya nsọ dị ka Bishọp nke abụọ nke Etsako na Lokoja na Maachị 2020.[1]. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-10|title=RT REVD FELIX OLORUNFEMI ENJOINS CHRISTIANS NOT TO GIVE UP IN DIFFICULT TIMES {{!}} Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion)|url=https://anglican-nig.org/rt-revd-felix-olorunfemi-enjoins-christians-not-to-give-up-in-difficult-times/|accessdate=2021-03-10|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-10|title=Bishop Onekpe Lays Foundation Of Saint Mark's Anglican Church, Alisimie-Agbor|url=http://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=60376|accessdate=2021-03-10|work=The Pointer News Online|language=en-US}}</ref> .Ọ bụbu Archdeacon nke Agbor-Obi Archdeaconry na dayọsis Ika. A mụrụ Olorunfemi na 8 June 1966 na Okpella, Etsako, Edo State, ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na Ikpomaza Grammar School na Lady of Fatima College, Auchi.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bendel State University na nke Ezikiel College of Theology, Ekpoma, nwere diploma na Theology na 2005. [a chọrọ].   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Olorunfemi kụziri Bekee na Mary na Martha Juniorate Convent, Igbodo, site na 2002 ruo 2007 n'okpuru onye isi nke oge ahụ, Godfrey Ifeanyichukwu Ekpenisi . <ref>{{Cite web|author=adminacnn|title=Church of Nigeria Elect The Ven. Felix Unuokhe Olorunfemi For Estako Diocese {{!}} Advent Cable Network Nigeria|url=https://acnntv.com/church-of-nigeria-elect-the-ven-felix-unuokhe-olorunfemi-for-estako-diocese/|accessdate=2021-03-10|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> {{DEFAULTSORT:Olorunfemi, Felix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bvnrsr3m4z907ofj140ugzhyb42enop 0 34799 692430 539733 2026-07-30T02:17:24Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference errors 692430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|name=Iago sparrow|image=Passer iagoensis male.jpg|image2=Passer iagoensis female.jpg|image2_caption=Male (above) and female (below) on [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]]|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021" />|taxon=Passer iagoensis|authority=([[John Gould|Gould]], 1838)|synonyms_ref=<ref name="Summers93–95" />|synonyms=* ''Pyrgita iagoensis'' <small>Gould, 1837</small> * ''Passer brancoensis'' <small>[[Émile Oustalet|Oustalet]], 1883</small> * ''Passer erthrophrys'' <small>[[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]]<!-- date not given in source --></small>}} {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |Iago sparrow |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Passer_iagoensis_male.jpg|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Passer_iagoensis_female.jpg|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |Male (above) and female (below) on [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]] |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" ! colspan="2" |<div style="text-align: center">[[Conservation status]]</div> |- | colspan="2" |<div style="text-align: center">[[File:Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg|link=|alt=|frameless]]<br /><br />[[Least Concern]] <small>&nbsp;([[IUCN Red List|IUCN 3.1]])<ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021"><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2016"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="265">BirdLife International (2016). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="266">[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22718202/94572225 "''Passer iagoensis''"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="267">''[[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="269">'''2016''': e.T22718202A94572225. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="270">[[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22718202A94572225.en|10.2305/IUCN.]]</span></span><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22718202A94572225.en|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="272">UK.2016-3.</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="273">RLTS.</span>]]</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="274"><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22718202A94572225.en|T22718202A94572225.en]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="275"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</span></cite></ref></small></div> |- ! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg|link=Template:Taxonomy/Passer|15x15px|Edit this classification]]</span> |- |Domain: |[[Eukaryote|Eukaryota]] |- |Kingdom: |[[Animal|Animalia]] |- |Phylum: |[[Chordate|Chordata]] |- |Class: |[[Bird|Aves]] |- |Order: |[[Passerine|Passeriformes]] |- |Family: |[[Old World sparrow|Passeridae]] |- |Genus: |''[[Passer]]'' |- |Species: |<div class="species" style="display:inline">'''''P.&nbsp;iagoensis'''''</div> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |'''<span class="binomial">''Passer iagoensis''</span>'''<br /><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">([[John Gould|Gould]], 1838)</div> |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]]<ref name="Summers93–95">[[Iago sparrow#CITEREFSummers-Smith1988|Summers-Smith 1988]], pp.&nbsp;93–95</ref> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: left" | * ''Pyrgita iagoensis'' <small>Gould, 1837</small> * ''Passer brancoensis'' <small>[[Émile Oustalet|Oustalet]], 1883</small> * ''Passer erthrophrys'' <small>[[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]]</small> |} [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]] Iago sparrow ('''''Passer iagoensis'''''), nza a makwaara dị ka '''Cape Verde''' ma ọ bụ rufous-backed sparrow, bụ nnụnụ na-efe efe nke ezinụlọ Passeridae. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na [[Cape Verde]] archipelago, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Atlantic Ocean nso ọdịda anyanwụ Africa. Ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nnụnụ nwere ábụ́bà na-acha nchara nchara na akara ojii n'elu, na ala na-acha ntụ ntụ, ma dị iche na ụdị nza ndị ọzọ site na nnukwu supercilium ha dị iche. Ụmụ nwoke nwere akara ojii na-egbuke egbuke n'okpuru ha na akara ojii siri ike n'isi ha. Na 12.5-13 sentimita (4.9-5.1 in) n'ogologo, ọ bụ obere nza. Olu nnụnụ a na-abụkarị ọdịiche dị iche iche na chirp ya, nke dịtụ iche n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. A na-eche na nza Iago nwere njikọ chiri anya na nza rufous, otu ụdị dị n'ime ụdị Passer nke bi n'ebe obibi yiri ya na kọntinent Afrịka. Ọ bụ ezie na nza Iago kacha nso na nza rufous n'ọdịdị, ọ nwere ọtụtụ ọdịiche dị mkpa na ọdịdị na omume, ma kewaa ya site na ọtụtụ puku kilomita. O nwere ike ịbụ n'ezie ihe jikọrọ ya na nza ụlọ na nza Spanish. Na Cape Verde ọ na-apụta na niile ma e wezụga otu agwaetiti, na ọtụtụ n'ime ha ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Igurube Iago na-apụta n'ọtụtụ ebe obibi ndị dị na ya, dị ka ala lava, ugwu nkume, na ndagwurugwu; Otú ọ dị, igurube ụlọ na igurube Spanish na-adịkarị n'ebe obibi ndị dị n'ebe ndị a na-akọ ugbo. N'ihi na nza Iago anọghị n'okpuru egwu ọ bụla, a na-enyocha ya dị ka Nchegbu Dị Ala na IUCN Red List. == Nkọwa == Iago sparrow bụ obere nza, 12.5-13 sentimita (4.9-5.1 in) n'ogologo, na ogologo nku 5.5-6.9 sentimita (2.2-2.7 in). <ref name="Clement">{{harvnb|Clement|Harris|Davis|1993|pp=455–456}}</ref> Nnụnụ ya yiri nke nza ụlọ, ọ bụkwa dimorphic mmekọahụ. Nke nwoke nwere okpueze ojii ma ọ bụ nke na-acha ntụ ntụ na anya, olu na-acha odo odo na obere ntụpọ ọcha n'egedege ihu ala. Akụkụ nke isi ya, ọkachasị n'elu anya, nwere ụcha sinamọn. scapulars na-acha ọcha na nchara nchara, ebe akụkụ ndị ọzọ dị n'elu na-acha nchara nchaka, na-acha oji na beige. Ntì na akụkụ ya na-acha ntụ ntụ, a na-ejikwa obere ihe ojii mara olu na ntì. Nwanyị ahụ na-acha nchara nchara, nwere nku na ara ojii, na akụkụ dị n'okpuru na-acha ntụ ntụ. Ọ dị nnọọ ka nza ụlọ nwanyị mana o nwere supercilium na-acha ọcha (akara n'elu anya). ahụ yiri nwanyị toro eto, mana ụmụ nwoke na-eto eto na-adịkarị mma site na nwata, na-enwe akara nke bib ojii na ntì. <ref name="boydexp" />'afọ 1898, onye na-amụ banyere ụmụ nnụnụ bụ Boyd Alexander kọrọ na ndị okenye na-amalite ịkpụ n'oge mmalite ọnwa Febụwarị, ụfọdụ nnụnụ ka na-agba n'oge ngwụcha ọnwa Mee. Olu nke Iago sparrow gụnyere oku, dịgasị iche n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị, nkọwa nke ndị a na-akpọ 'abụ', na oku mkpu. Ọkpụkpọ bụ chirps, nke yiri nke nza ndị ọzọ, ụdị a na-emekarị site n'aka ndị nwoke kọwara dị ka "twangy" ''cheesp'' ma ọ bụ chew-weep, na nke ụmụ nwanyị kọwara dị ka ''chisk'' "more sibilant". Abụ ahụ bụ usoro dị ogologo, nke a na-akọwapụta nke ederede oku, a na-emekwa ya site n'ịzụ ụmụ nwoke n'akwụ́ ha. na-ejikwa oku mkpu dị ka nke nza ndị ọzọ, nke a na-akpọ chur-chur-chur. == Nchịkọta == [[Usòrò:PasserIagoensis_cropped.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe osise nke nwoke nke John Gould sere]] Charles Darwin bu ụzọ chịkọta nza Iago n'oge nkwụsị mbụ nke Njem nke abụọ nke HMS <nowiki><i id="mwSw">Beagle</i></nowiki> na agwaetiti Santiago (St. Iago). <ref name="Summers93–95">[[Iago sparrow#CITEREFSummers-Smith1988|Summers-Smith 1988]], pp.&nbsp;93–95</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gould|first=J.|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12860219|journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London|title=Exhibition of Mr. Darwin's Birds, and description of a New Species of Wagtail (''Motacilla leucopsis'') from India|year=1837|volume=V|pages=77–78}}</ref> kọwara ya na 1837 site n'aka onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ anụmanụ bụ John Gould, na Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, ma nye ya aha ''Pyrgita iagoensis'' . [1] ọ na-erule oge Gould dere The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle na Darwin na ndị ọkà mmụta anụmanụ atọ ndị ọzọ na 1841, o debere nza Iago na ụdị Passer, ebe ọ ka dị. <ref name="Summers93–95" /> [2] <ref name="HBW">{{Cite book|first=J. Denis|author=Summers-Smith|editor=del Hoyo, Josep|chapter=Family Passeridae (Old World Sparrows)|title=Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows|year=2009|location=Barcelona|publisher=Lynx Edicions|isbn=978-84-96553-50-7}}</ref> ahụ, n'etiti nza nke Old World n'ezinụlọ Passeridae, nwekwara ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị 20 ndị ọzọ, n'ime ha bụ nza ụlọ na nza osisi Eurasian. N'ime ọdịdị ya, a na-ewere Iago nza dị ka otu n'ime 'nza rufous' nke Africa, otu nke gụnyere ụdị dị ka nnukwu nza (Passer motitensis). Nnụnụ ndị a na-abụkarị Onye France <ref name="Bourne55" />-amụ banyere ụmụ nnụnụ bụ Emile Oustalet kọwara otu ihe atụ sitere na Branco dị ka ụdị dị iche ''Passer brancoensis'' na 1883, <ref name="Summers93–95">[[Iago sparrow#CITEREFSummers-Smith1988|Summers-Smith 1988]], pp.&nbsp;93–95</ref> nke W. R. P. Bourne ghọtara dị ka ụdị ''Passer iagoensis brancoensis'', onye kwuru na ọ na-ahụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti nza Iago sitere n'àgwàetiti dị iche iche. <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26188335|journal=Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux|language=fr|year=1883|volume=38|title=Description et Énumération des Espèces}}</ref> <ref name="Bourne55" /> ka Bourne si kwuo, nnụnụ nke ''Passer iagoensis iagoensis'' na agwaetiti ndị ọzọ nwere osisi na ndịda gbara ọchịchịrị ma buru ibu, ma na-akpa àgwà dị ka ụlọ ma ọ bụ nza Spanish, na-asọ mpi na ha nke ọma na ebe obibi mmadụ gbanwere. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bourne|first=W. R. P.|title=Additional Notes on the Birds of the Cape Verde Islands, with Particular Reference to ''Bulweria mollis'' and ''Fregata magnificens''|doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1957.tb01945.x|journal=Ibis|volume=99|issue=2|pages=182–190|year=1957}}</ref> mechara dee na ọdịiche ndị ọ hụrụ gụnyere ihe abụọ na-eme, nke ọchịchịrị na-abawanye n'ebe ndịda, na nke pere mpe site n'ụsọ oké osimiri. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vaurie|first=C.|title=The Rufous-backed Sparrows ''Passer iagoensis'' of the Cape Verde Islands|doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1958.tb08798.x|journal=Ibis|volume=100|issue=2|pages=275–276|year=1958}}</ref>Charles Vaurie, na-enyocha ọdịiche dị na nku na nha nke ihe atụ na nnukwu ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, ahụghị mgbanwe ọ bụla dị ịrịba ama, ma ọ bụ Vaurie ma ọ bụ Summers-Smith ghọtara ụdị ọ bụla. <ref name="Summers93–95" /> [2] == Ebe a na-ekesa ya == [[Usòrò:Passer_Iagoensis,_monte_verde.jpg|thumb|Nwoke nọ na Monte Verde, São Vicente]] Igurube Iago bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na agwaetiti [[Cape Verde]]. Ọkụ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ọtụtụ agwaetiti, ewezuga Fogo (nke ọ na-adịghị) na Santa Luzia, Branco na Sal (nke ọ dị ụkọ). A na-ahụkarị nza Iago n'ọtụtụ ebe obibi, gụnyere ala dị larịị, ugwu ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ndagwurugwu, na nsọtụ ala ugbo, n'ịdị elu nke mita 1,200 (3,900 . Ọ na-emekwa n'ebe ndị mmadụ bi na ogige, ebe ọ nwere ike ikpuchi ya na nza ụlọ, mana ọ naghị emekarị na nza Spanish. Igurube Spanish na-apụta n'ala a na-akọ ugbo nke nwere osisi na obodo nta ndị buru ibu, na-egbochi igurube Iago na ala a na-akụ ugbo nke dị obere. 'ebe obibi ebe ma nza ụlọ na nza Iago na-apụta, nza ụlọ na-anọkarị n'ebe ndị jupụtara, ebe nza Iago a na-ahụkarị gburugburu osisi na oghere. <ref name="Clement" />'ebe ọrụ ugbo, nza Iago nwere ike imebi ihe ọkụkụ, ọkachasị site na iri okooko osisi na okooko osisi. Igurube Iago bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ime obere ebe ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ya. <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021"><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2016"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="265">BirdLife International (2016). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="266">[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22718202/94572225 "''Passer iagoensis''"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="267">''[[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="269">'''2016''': e.T22718202A94572225. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="270">[[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22718202A94572225.en|10.2305/IUCN.]]</span></span><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22718202A94572225.en|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="272">UK.2016-3.</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="273">RLTS.</span>]]</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="274"><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22718202A94572225.en|T22718202A94572225.en]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="275"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</span></cite></ref> bụ ezie na ogo nke ebe ọ dị pụtara na ọ nwere ike ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ maka mgbanwe ndị a na-atụghị anya ya na gburugburu ya, IUCN Red List na-enyocha ya dị ka Nchegbu Least. <ref name="Janse">{{Cite journal|journal=Dutch Birding|language=nl|url=http://www.dutchbirding.nl/news.php?id=841|title=Kaapverdische Mus doet even Nederland aan - kades vol met fans!|author=Janse|first=Wietze|date=20 May 2013}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFJanse2013">Janse, Wietze (20 May 2013). </cite></ref>'ọnwa Mee afọ 2013, a hụrụ nza Iago anọ na-agagharị agagharị na Hansweert, na [[Netherlands]], ebe ha na-efe n'ụgbọ mmiri ka ọ na-agafe agwaetiti Raso. [[Usòrò:Passer_iagoensis_Sal.jpg|thumb|Nwanyị na-achọ nri, na Sal]] Igurube Iago na-eme mkpakọrịta mgbe ọ na-eri nri ma na-amụ nwa. N'èzí oge ọmụmụ, nza Iago na-anọkarị n'ìgwè, nke nwere ike ibu ibu. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=P. F.|author=Donald|year=2004|url=http://malimbus.free.fr/articles/V26/26034037.pdf|title=Status of the Cape Verde Cane Warbler ''Acrocephalus brevipennis'' on São Nicolau, With Notes On Song, Breeding Behaviour and Threats|journal=Malimbus|volume=26|pages=34–37}}</ref><ref name="Summers98–100">{{harvnb|Summers-Smith|1988| pp=98–100}}</ref> na-eso nnụnụ ndị ọzọ, ọbụna warblers dị ka blackcap na Cape Verde warbler. Igurube Iago a<ref name="Summers98–100" /> eme ihere n'ebe ụmụ mmadụ nọ, na-enye ha ohere ịbịaru nso, ọbụlagodi mgbe ọ nọ n'akwụ́ ya. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Spurrell|first=W.|journal=The Sea Swallow|volume=XXXVII|year=1988}}</ref> n<ref name="Janse" /> dị n'àgwàetiti Raso dịpụrụ adịpụ na nke a na-ebighị na ya ga-anọ ọbụna n'elu ndị ọbịa mmadụ na obere egwu. N'ihi ụkọ mmiri ị ga-aṅụ n'ebe obibi ya, ọ nwere mmasị siri ike na isi iyi mmiri, nnukwu ìgwè mmadụ nwere ike ịbịakọta mgbe ụmụ mmadụ na-enye mmiri ọ nwere ike ịṅụ. na-ahụkarị ya ka ọ na-asa ájá n'ìgwè nta, omume dị mkpa iji mee ka ọ dị ọcha na obere mmiri. Igurube Iago toro eto na-eri mkpụrụ nke ahịhịa na ọka (ihe ọkụkụ ọka a na-akụ na Cape Verde bụ ọka), kamakwa ụmụ ahụhụ na osisi. Ha nwere ike imebi ihe ọkụkụ site na iri akwụkwọ ndị na-eto eto, dịka nza ụlọ ga-eri nri ndị dị nso n'ụlọ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Alexander|first=Boyd|year=1898|title=Further Notes on the Ornithology of the Cape Verde Islands|journal=The Ibis|volume=4|pages=277–285|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8761871}}</ref>, n'adịghị ka ndị okenye, na-eri ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụmụ ahụhụ, ọkachasị igurube, ụmụ ahụhụ, na orthopterans. <ref name="boydexp">{{Cite journal|author=Alexander|first=Boyd|year=1898|title=An Ornithological Expedition to the Cape Verde Islands|journal=The Ibis|volume=4|pages=74–118|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8761660}}</ref> Igurube Iago -eri nri n'ala, na-agagharị n'enweghị nsogbu ka ọ na-arapara n'ala dị ka òké. === Ịzụlite === Oge ọmụmụ na-amalite n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ na Septemba site na mmalite nke oge mmiri ozuzo, mana ihu igwe n'otu afọ nwere ike ịgbanwe oge ọmụmụ. Na Cima, W. R. P. Bourne hụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ka ha na-anọ n'ìgwè mgbe ụmụ nwoke malitere iwere ebe dị na ndagwurugwu nkume ebe ha nwere ike ịbụ abụ. Oge ọmụmụ na-adịkarị ogologo nke na ụfọdụ abụọ nwere ike ịpụta ụmụ tupu ndị ọzọ amalite iwu akwụ́; ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nke abụọ na-amụ mgbe mmiri na-ezo, n'ọnwa Ọktoba ruo Nọvemba. Ụmụ nwoke na-enweghị di na nwunye na-adọta ụmụ nwanyị site n'ịkpọ oku n'akụkụ ebe a ga-anọ akwụ́. Mgbe nwanyị bịakwutere ya, nwoke na-egosipụta ya ga-eme ka ụda olu ya dịkwuo elu ma na-awụli elu gburugburu ya ka ọ na-ehulata na-acha nchara nchara na-acha ubu. <ref name="Bourne55">{{Cite journal|author=Bourne|first=W. R. P.|title=The Birds of the Cape Verde Islands|doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1955.tb04981.x|journal=Ibis|volume=97|issue=3|pages=508–556|year=1955}}</ref> ahụ malitere iwu akwụ́ ahụ, mana ozugbo e guzobere abụọ, nnụnụ abụọ ahụ na-ekere òkè n'iwu akwụ́ ma nọrọ nso. Mmekọrịta na-ewere ọnọdụ mgbe e wuru akwụ́, ebe nke nne na-achịkwa ha abụọ ruo oge ụfọdụ. Nwoke ahụ na-akpọ nwanyị ka ọ nwee mmekọahụ site n'inye ngosipụta nke mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, mgbe ọ leghaara ya anya na mbụ, nwanyị ahụ na-arịọ ka o nwee mmekọahụ site na ikpere n'ala. Mgbe ndị na-agagharị agagharị anọ nọ na Netherlands na Mee 2013, a hụrụ otu nwoke na-agba nwoke nke abụọ, o doro anya na mgbe nke abụọ gbadoro n'okpuru iji dozie ọgụ n'etiti ha. Nke <ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Dutch Birding|title=Homosexual mounting of Iago Sparrows after ship-assisted arrival in the Netherlands|url=https://moeliker.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/iago_sparrow_db.pdf|year=2014|volume=36|pages=172–173|first=C. W.|author=Moeliker|authorlink=Kees Moeliker}}</ref> bụ naanị ihe ndekọ nke omume nwoke idina nwoke n'ime nza. A na-ewu akwụ́ na mita ole na ole site n'otu ebe ruo n'otu, ihe dị ka ụzọ iri, ọ bụ ezie na mgbe ụfọdụ, ụzọ abụọ na-anọ naanị ha. Enwere ike iwu akwukwo n'ebe obibi dịgasị iche iche, a na-ewu ya dịka iko n'ime oghere ma ọ bụ oghere dị na nkume ma ọ bụ mgbidi. Ha nwere ike iji ihe owuwu ndị mmadụ wuru, dị ka ụlọ na ọkụ okporo ámá. Alaka bụ ihe owuwu na-emeghe nke ahịhịa mere, nke nwere ábụ́bà na ntutu, nke jupụtara na ya maka ịdị mkpụmkpụ. Ụfọdụ ndị -amụ banyere ụmụ nnụnụ ekwuola na nnụnụ a na-ewu akwụ́ n'osisi akị, mana ihe ndekọ ndị a nwere ike igosipụta mgbagwoju anya na nza Spanish. nke ụmụ nwere àkwá atọ ruo ise. Ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị na-ekpuchi àkwá ma na-ewetara ụmụ ha nri, mana ụmụ nwanyị na'ime ihe karịrị nke ahụ. A na-ekpuchi àkwá maka oge dị mkpirikpi, ihe dị ka nkeji iri, ndị nwoke na-ekpu maka oge dị nkenke na obere oge. <ref name="Summers98–100" /> bụ ezie na nke oké na-eso nke nne mgbe ọ chọtara nri ma weta ya n'ụmụ ha, ọ naghị eweta nke ọ bụla n'onwe ya; ozugbo nwa ahụ na-efe efe ma hapụ akwụ́ ahụ, nke oké na'ịkwu na-enye ha nri. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} === Ọrụ ndị e depụtara ===   == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/cape-verde-sparrow-passer-iagoensis Mgbasa ozi metụtara Iago Sparrow] na Nchịkọta Nnụnụ Ịntanetị * Iago-sparrow/passer-iagoensis Iago sparrowmgbasa ozi site naIhe Nkwupụta [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0iytmhqwrmeabakzmhbgj6wqjzjyehn 0 34840 692448 145021 2026-07-30T05:33:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692448 wikitext text/x-wiki <references group="" responsive="1"></references> [[Usòrò:Alfred_Wierusz-Kowalski_-_Myśliwi.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|''Onye Na-achụ nta'', mmanụ n'elu ákwà, Alfred Kowalski]] Ịgba ọsọ site n'aka ụmụ mmadụ bụ ịchụ nta nke egwuregwu ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ site na nkịta - ọkachasị greyhounds na sigh thounds ndị ọzọ - na-ejide anụ ha site na ọsọ, na-agba ọsọ site na anya, mana ọ bụghị site na ísì. Ịgba ọsọ bụ usoro ịchụ nta a na-ahụkarị, nke ndị a ma ama, ndị ala na ndị bara ọgaranya, ya na ndị nkịtị nwere sigh thounds na lurchers na-eme. N'ụdị ya kachasị ochie e dekọrọ na Ụwa Ọdịda Anyanwụ, dị ka Arrian kọwara - ọ bụ egwuregwu nke ọkwa niile nke ọha mmadụ na-eme ma ọ nọgidere na-eme ruo mgbe Iwu ọhịa nke oge Carolingian weghaara ebe ịchụ nta, ma ọ bụ ndị nkịtị, maka eze, ndị a ma ama, na ndị nwe ala ndị ọzọ. Ọ ghọrọ asọmpi a haziri ahazi, ọkachasị na Hare na Britain, nke a na-eme n'okpuru iwu, Iwu nke Leash. Dị ka okwu zoological, ọ na-ezo aka na predation site na ịgba ọsọ na anụ oriri n'ebe dị anya, dị iche na ịchụ nta, nke a na-agbaso ụzọ nzuzo site na obere sprinting. == Egwuregwu na ịchụ nta == Animals coursed in hunting and sport include hares, foxes, deer of all sorts, antelope, gazelle, jackals, wolves. Jackrabbits and coyotes are the most common animals coursed na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|the United States]]. Competitive coursing na Ireland, the UK (until prohibition in 2004), [[Portugal]] and [[Spain]] has two dogs running against each other. na the United States, generally speaking three dogs are run together. Iwu Nchebe nke Anụ Ọhịa (Scotland) na Iwu Ịchụ nta 2004 (na England na Wales) mere ka ọ bụrụ iwu na-akwadoghị ịchụ ụdị anụ ọ bụla na-enye nwaara ma e wezụga ewi na òké. A ka na-ekwe ka nkịta chụsoo (fush) egwuregwu n'ime ụzọ égbè na-echere, ọ bụrụ ha ala na a naghị eji ihe karịrị nkịta abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boardogs.com/Boardogs_Deerhounds1.htm|title=Boardogs Deerhounds|accessdate=23 July 2016|archivedate=12 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912063943/http://www.boardogs.com/Boardogs_Deerhounds1.htm}}</ref>'Australia, enwere ike iji nkịta na-achụ anụ ọhịa dị ka nkịta ọhịa, mgba da, ewu, cone na ezì. == Hụkwa == * Nkịta ọhịa na-agba ọsọ * Ịgba ọsọ Greyhound * Ịgba ọsọ na-adọrọ adọrọ * Cheetah na Caracal - ụdị anụmanụ abụọ a na-ejikwa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme n'omume ịchụ nta yiri ya == Edemsibe == {{Commons category|Hunting by dog}}  == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Greyhound na Hare: Akụkọ nke Mkpụrụ na Egwuregwu''. The National Coursing Club, 2018. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Iri Abụọ na Abụọ Waterloo Cup 1981-2005''. Charles Blanning, Fullerton Press na njikọ ya na National Coursing Club, 2022. * Cox, Harding Edward de Fonblanque ''Ịgba ọsọ na ịchụ nta'' 1899 [https://archive.org/details/coursingandfalc00richgoog] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Hounds Hares & Other Creatures: The Complete Book of Coursing'' 1977/1996 * Dansey, William ''Arrian On Coursing: Cynegeticus'' London: J. Bohn, 1831 [https://archive.org/details/arrianoncoursing00arri] * Macpherson, H. A. The hare 1896 [https://archive.org/details/haremacp00macp] * Phillips A.A. & Willcock M.M. Xenophon & Arrian On Hunting with hounds 1999 * Grant-Rennick Ịgba ọsọ, The Pursuit of Game na Gazehounds 1976 [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927132538/http://www.dogsincanada.com/book-learning-coursing-the-pursuit-of-game-with-gazehounds] * M. H. Salmon ("Dutch"). Gazehounds & Coursing: The History, Art, and Sport of Hunting with Sighthounds, Rev. na gbasaa 2nd ed. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-944383-49-1|0-944383-49-1]].&nbsp; * Stable, Owen QC, & Stuttard, R.M. A Review of Coursing British Field Sports Society, London 1971 * [https://archive.org/details/turbervilesbooke00turb] (Gascoigne), George. Nkà Ukwu nke Venerie ma ọ bụ Ịchụ nta 1576. Lee peeji nke 246 "Nkwupụta dị mkpirikpi ... gbasara ịgba ọsọ" [1] * Walsh, Edward G. Longdogs site na Day 1990 dnc55rjycueispbnzz7wf8ktreg9mij 0 35016 692298 145552 2026-07-29T18:52:33Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox journal|title=Acta Ornithologica|cover=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|formernames=Acta Ornithologica Musei Zoologici Polonici|abbreviation=Acta Ornithol.|bluebook=<!-- For law journals only -->|mathscinet=<!-- For the MathSciNet abbreviation IF different from ISO 4 abbreviation-->|nlm=<!-- For the NLM abbreviation IF different from ISO 4 abbreviation-->|discipline=[[Ornithology]]|peer-reviewed=|language=English|editor=Tomasz D. Mazgajski|publisher=[[Polish Academy of Science]]|country=Poland|history=1933–present|frequency=Biannual|openaccess=|license=|impact=1.000|impact-year=2018|ISSNlabel=|ISSN=0001-6454|eISSN=|CODEN=|JSTOR=|LCCN=|OCLC=1477030|website=http://www.miiz.waw.pl/en/wydawnictwa/acta-ornithologica.html|link1=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/miiz/actao|link1-name=Online access|link2=<!-- up to |link5= -->|link2-name=<!-- up to |link5-name= -->}}{{European birding journals}} Acta ornithological, bụ akwụkwọ nchọpụta nke ụmụ anụmanụ na Poland (mbipụta abụọ kwa apụ apụ) site na Polish Academy of Sciences. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Acta Ornithologica|url=https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=20957&tip=sid|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=www.scimagojr.com}}</ref> dị n'asụ asụsụ Bekee na nchịkọta na Polish. E guzobere ya na afọ 1933 dị ka ''Acta Ornithologica Musei Zoologici Polonici'' ma nweta ya ugbu a na afọ 1953. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ornithology == Njikọ mpụga == * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị gtbcxnvhf34cm0vc8kyrgo6szydwxzi 0 36095 692482 163403 2026-07-30T08:46:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Therapy bụ ihe nkiri Cameroon nke asụsụ Bekee nke 2021 nke [[Ermelinde Simo Jing Sakah]] na Sakah Antoine mepụtara ma bụrụ nke Anurin Nwunembom na Musing Derick duziri. Ndị na-eme ya bụ Ermelinde Simone Jing Sakah [[Richard Mofe-Damijo|Richard Mofe Damijo]], [[Iretiola Doyle]], Alenne Menget, [[Syndy Emade]], [[Lucie Memba]], Obasy Ndula, Kayla Merits, Ngong Yvette, N Basil na Neba Godwilltu. <ref>{{Cite web|date=26 March 2021|title=Cameroonian movie Therapy airs on Netflix today|url=https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroonian-movie-therapy-airs-on-netflix-today/|accessdate=23 July 2021|work=Journal du Cameroun|language=fr}}</ref> nwetara ya ma gosipụta ya na Netflix na 26 Machị 2021, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri Cameroon mbụ na-egosi na Netflix. E wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ maka mba niile na-asụ Bekee na 14 Julaị 2021.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Atụmatụ == ''Ọgwụgwọ'' bụ akụkọ banyere di na nwunye na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke na-ewe ọrụ nke onye na-agwọ ọrịa na-abụghị nke omenala na mgbalị idozi nsogbu alụmdi na nwunye ha. Atụmatụ ahụ n'ozuzu ya na-ekwu maka enweghị ike nke nwoke ịmụ ụmụ n'ọnọdụ Afrịka. Maazị Lima fọrọ nke nta ka ọ tụbọọ n'ihi ihe mgbu nke nwunye ya. Usoro Dr. Benedicta na-eduga di na nwunye ahụ ịchọpụta eziokwu ndị na-eyi di na nwunye egwu. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Ermelinde Simo S. Jing bụ Mrs. Lima née Loveline Ngum, onye guzobere Lima Foundation a N.G.O lekwasịrị anya n'inyere ụmụ nwanyị nọ ná mkpa aka * [[Richard Mofe-Damijo|Richard Mofe Damijo]] bụ Maazị Dobgima Anthony Lima, onye njikwa akụ na ụba mmadụ nwere nsogbu nke kpebiri ịnọ n'ụlọ ma kwado nwunye ya dara mbà n'obi. * [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] bụ Dr. Ngole Benedicta, onye na-agwọ ọrịa uche nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọrụ onwe ya * Alene Menget bụ Nguni Maxwell, onye ọchụnta ego na ezigbo enyi ya na Maazị Lima * [[Lucie Memba]] Bos bụ Dora Musi. Ndị ọrụ nke ntọala Lima na enyi di ya nwụrụ nke Mrs. Lima. * Neba Godwill Awantu bụ Dr. Ndive Franklin MD (Urologist) * [[Syndy Emade]] bụ Oriakụ Ndive Laura. Nọgide n'ụlọ nwunye Dr. Ndive * Kayla Merits bụ Nabila Lima dị ọnwa 6/7 nwa Lima nke ọnọdụ na-eweta ịda mbà n'obi nke Mrs. Lima * Oriakụ Obasy Ndula bụ Oriakụ Che Niba (Madam Delegue), nwanne nwanyị tọrọ ya na onye nlekọta Oriakụ Lima. * Ngong Yvette Ngoinjang bụ Nọọsụ nke nwa nwanyị Lima * Nchana Basil bụ onye ọrịa ọzọ nke Dr. Benedicta. == Mmepụta == Ọ bụ Ermelinde Simo Jing Sakah na Sakah Antoine mepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ maka mmepụta SAM. Netflix nwetara ikike nkesa na 26 Machị 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2021|title='Therapy' starring RMD, Ireti Doyle makes history as first Cameroonian film on Netflix|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/therapy-movie-makes-history-as-first-cameroonian-film-on-netflix/v8d48d2|accessdate=23 July 2021|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506180306/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/therapy-movie-makes-history-as-first-cameroonian-film-on-netflix/v8d48d2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Neba|first=Kathy|date=4 March 2021|title=Cameroon Movie Industry : "Therapy" and "Fisherman's Diary" on Netflix|url=https://www.crtv.cm/2021/03/cameroon-movie-industry-therapy-and-fishermans-diary-on-netflix/|accessdate=24 July 2021|work=Cameroon Radio Television|language=fr-FR|archivedate=24 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724063054/https://www.crtv.cm/2021/03/cameroon-movie-industry-therapy-and-fishermans-diary-on-netflix/}}</ref> == Ntọhapụ == <ref>{{Cite web|date=26 March 2021|title=Cameroonians Hail "Therapy" Team after Netflix Appearance|url=https://www.crtv.cm/2021/03/cameroonians-hail-therapy-team-after-netflix-appearance/|accessdate=24 July 2021|work=Cameroon Radio Television|language=fr-FR}}</ref>'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2021, ihe nkiri ahụ dị na Netflix. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri Cameroon == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} chkrb9y6bac3i6mvwwat2q0z6pd9wh1 0 36161 692093 149960 2026-07-29T14:16:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Under the Carpet''''' bụ ihe nkiri ịhụnanya nke Naijiria nke 2021 nke Tope Alake dere ma duzie. Ihe nkiri a gosiputara [[Iyabo Ojo]], [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] na [[Tana Adelana]]. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-18|title=Here's a first look at Iyabo Ojo in upcoming Nollywood movie 'Under The Carpet'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/heres-a-first-look-at-iyabo-ojo-in-upcoming-nollywood-movie-under-the-carpet/njnyyq7|accessdate=2021-04-07|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Emere ihe nkiri a na 7 Maachị 2021 na IMAX Cinema wee wepụta ya na 12 Maachị 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2021-02-19|title=A First Look at Iyabo Ojo's Forthcoming Movie "Under The Carpet"|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/02/under-the-carpet-movie/|accessdate=2021-04-07|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-22|title='Ponzi', 'La Femme Anjola', here is a list of Nigerian movies coming to cinemas in March|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nigerian-movies-in-cinemas-this-march/32yg1he|accessdate=2021-04-07|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2021-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222131316/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nigerian-movies-in-cinemas-this-march/32yg1he}}</ref> == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri a == * [[Iyabo Ojo|Anya Iyabo]] * [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] * [[Tana Adelana]] * Nwaanyị Jacobs * Lydia Lawrence Nze * Tosin Abiola * Roxy Antak == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} drwjr0unzovixund1fiisc90b5b3dmq 0 36542 692621 631821 2026-07-30T11:48:40Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Series overview|color1=#803D83|link1=#Season 1 (2021)|episodes1=10|start1={{Start date|2021|9|9}}|end1=start|color2=#743CAC|link2=#Season 2 (2022–23)|episodes2=20|episodes2A=10|start2A={{Start date|2022|7|14}}|end2A={{End date|2022|8|11}}|episodes2B=10|start2B={{Start date|2023|1|12}}|end2B={{End date|2023|2|9}}|color3=#89C1F9|link3=#Season 3 (2023)|episodes3=|episodes3A=8|start3A={{Start date|2023|7|20}}|end3A={{End date|2023|8|31}}|episodes3B=|start3B={{Start date|2024|1|11}}|end3B=}}All the Queen's Men bụ usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn America nke Christian Keyes mepụtara na onye isi nke Tyler Perry mepụtara. Emere ya na BET+ na Septemba 9, 2021. Usoro a bụ mgbanwe 'emere maka telivishọn' dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ịhụnanya obodo 2015 Ladies Night nke Keyes dere onwe ya ma bụrụ nke Carl Weber gosipụtara. == Atụmatụ == E mere na Atlanta, ihe nkiri a na-agba gburugburu ndụ Marilyn "Madam" DeVille (nke Eva Marcille mere). Madam na-eme ihe dị ka nwanyị ọchụnta ego na-emebi ihe nke na-achịkwa ihe niile na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ikom na-enweta ego. Otu ìgwè ndị ọrụ a tụkwasịrị obi gbara Madam gburugburu bụ ndị na-eme ka ha hụ na Madam na alaeze ya nwere ihe ịga nke ọma. Ka njem ya na-aga n'ihu, ọ na-achọsi ike ịgbasawanye Queendom ya. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị anya, Madam chọpụtara na ego na ike na-abawanye na-apụta nsogbu. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == === Isi === * Eva Marcille dị ka Marilyn "Madam" DeVille<ref name="Deadline Cast">{{Cite web|author=Del Rosario|first=Alexandra|title=''All The Queen's Men'': BET+ Reveals Cast, Sets Summer Premiere For Tyler Perry Studios' Male Exotic Dancer Drama|url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/all-the-queens-men-bet-cast-summer-premiere-male-exotic-dancer-1234721368/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=March 25, 2021|accessdate=March 1, 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDel_Rosario2021">Del Rosario, Alexandra (March 25, 2021). [https://deadline.com/2021/03/all-the-queens-men-bet-cast-summer-premiere-male-exotic-dancer-1234721368/ "''All The Queen's Men'': BET+ Reveals Cast, Sets Summer Premiere For Tyler Perry Studios' Male Exotic Dancer Drama"]. ''[[Oge a kara aka Hollywood|Deadline Hollywood]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> * Skyh Alvester Black dị ka Amp "Addiction" Anthony<ref name="Futon Cast">{{cite press release|title=BET+ and Tyler Perry Studios Turn Up the Heat with New Sexy Drama "All The Queen's Men" Set Inside the Thrilling World of Male Exotic Dancing in Atlanta|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2021/03/25/betplus-and-tyler-perry-studios-turn-up-the-heat-with-new-sexy-drama-all-the-queens-men-set-inside-the-thrilling-world-of-male-exotic-dancing-in-atlanta-529011/20210325bet01/|publisher=[[BET]]|via=[[The Futon Critic]]|date=March 25, 2021|access-date=March 1, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Deadline Cast"/> * Candace Maxwell dị ka DJ Dime"<ref name="Futon Cast"/><ref name="Deadline Cast"/> * Racquel Palmer dị ka Blue<ref name="Futon Cast"/><ref name="Deadline Cast"/> * Michael Bolwaire dị ka Doc<ref name="Futon Cast"/><ref name="Deadline Cast"/> * Keith Swift dị ka Babyface<ref name="Futon Cast"/><ref name="Deadline Cast"/> * Dion Rome dị ka El Fuego<ref name="Futon Cast"/><ref name="Deadline Cast"/> * Jeremy Williams dị ka Midnight<ref name="Futon Cast"/><ref name="Deadline Cast"/> * Christian Keyes dị ka Raphael "The Concierge" Damascus<ref name="Futon Cast"/><ref name="Deadline Cast"/>(oge 2-dị ugbu a; ugboro ugboro, oge 1) * Oshea Russell dị ka Tommy (oge 3; na-agagharị, oge 1-2) * Kiki Haynes dị ka Detective Davis (oge 3; ugboro ugboro, oge 1-2) * Carter the Body as Trouble (oge 3; ugboro ugboro, oge 1-2) === Ịlọghachi === * Jeryl Prescott dị ka Onyeikpe Martha Ross * Julia Pace Mitchell dị ka Ms. Patty (oge 1-2) * Donna Biscoe dị ka Patrice Ellis (oge 1-2) * Chrystale Wilson dị ka Carla DeVille * Bruna Boa Mutunda dị ka Shemika * Carter the Body dị ka Nsogbu * Oshea Russell dị ka Tommy * Donny Carrington dị ka Red * Tony Bellissimo dị ka Casanova * Leslie Sheri dị ka Teresa Singleton (oge 2) * J. Marques Johnson dị ka Rayshon (oge 2-3) <ref name="J. Marques Johnson Cast" /> * Buster Camp dị ka Champ (oge 2-3) * Justus Pickett dị ka Fernando * Rashan Ali dị ka Ms. Tandy * Enya Flack dị ka D.A. Rodds (oge 3) * La'Toya Kirkland dị ka Nọọsụ Johnson == Ihe omume == {{Episode table|background=#803D83|overall=5|season=5|title=20|director=15|writer=20|airdate=15|altdate=10|altdateT=BET air date|country=U.S. [[Broadcast programming|linear]]|viewers=|episodes={{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 1 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = The Pilot | DirectedBy = [[Kim Fields]] | WrittenBy = [[Christian Keyes]] & Joseph K.P. Simmons | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|9|9}} | AltDate = June 8, 2022 | Viewers = 0.52{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-6-8-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Wednesday 6.8.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=June 9, 2022|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=June 9, 2022|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=June 20, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620065315/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-6-8-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #803D83 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 2 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Silent Partner | DirectedBy = Kim Fields | WrittenBy = Christian Keyes & Joseph K.P. Simmons | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|9|9}} | AltDate = June 15, 2022 | Viewers = 0.66<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-6-15-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Wednesday 6.15.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=June 16, 2022|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=June 16, 2022|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=June 17, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617023146/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-6-15-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #803D83 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 3 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Blackmail Baby | DirectedBy = Kim Fields | WrittenBy = Christian Keyes & Joseph K.P. Simmons | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|9|9}} | AltDate = June 22, 2022 | Viewers = 0.67<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-6-22-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Wednesday 6.22.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=June 23, 2022|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=June 24, 2022|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=June 23, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623200908/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-6-22-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #803D83 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 4 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Looking at Trouble | DirectedBy = Kim Fields | WrittenBy = Christian Keyes & Joseph K.P. Simmons | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|9|9}} | AltDate = June 29, 2022 | Viewers = 0.70<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-6-29-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Wednesday 6.29.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=June 30, 2022|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=July 7, 2022|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=July 15, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715045315/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-6-29-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #803D83 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 5 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Dirty Dancing | DirectedBy = Kim Fields | WrittenBy = Christian Keyes & Joseph K.P. Simmons | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|9|9}} | AltDate = July 6, 2022 | Viewers = 0.65<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-7-6-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Wednesday 7.6.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED with Broadcast|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=July 7, 2022|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=July 7, 2022|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=July 15, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715045346/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-7-6-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #803D83 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 6 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = When the Family Feuds | DirectedBy = Kim Fields | WrittenBy = Christian Keyes & Joseph K.P. Simmons | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|9|9}} | AltDate = July 13, 2022 | Viewers = 0.67<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-7-13-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Wednesday 7.13.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=July 14, 2022|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=July 15, 2022|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=July 14, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714200806/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-7-13-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #803D83 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 7 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Kryptonite | DirectedBy = Derrick Doose & Kim Fields | WrittenBy = Christian Keyes & Joseph K.P. Simmons | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|9|9}} | AltDate = July 20, 2022 | Viewers = 0.67<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-7-20-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Wednesday 7.20.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 21, 2022|access-date=July 22, 2022|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=July 28, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728144659/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-7-20-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #803D83 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 8 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = The Ringmaster | DirectedBy = Kim Fields | WrittenBy = Christian Keyes & Joseph K.P. Simmons | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|9|9}} | AltDate = July 27, 2022 | Viewers = 0.67<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-7-27-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Wednesday 7.27.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Salem|first=Mitch|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|date=July 28, 2022|access-date=July 29, 2022|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=August 4, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804071207/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-7-27-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #803D83 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 9 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = Balls to the Wall | DirectedBy = [[Tyler Perry]] | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|9|9}} | AltDate = August 3, 2022 | Viewers = 0.63<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-8-3-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Wednesday 8.3.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=August 4, 2022|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=August 6, 2022|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=August 7, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807045431/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-8-3-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #803D83 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 10 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Everybody vs Madam | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|9|9}} | AltDate = August 10, 2022 | Viewers = 0.66<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-8-10-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Wednesday 8.10.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=August 11, 2022|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=August 16, 2022|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=September 22, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922033503/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-wednesday-8-10-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #803D83 }}}} === Oge 1 (2021) === {{Episode table|background=#743CAC|overall=5|season=5|title=20|director=15|writer=20|airdate=15|altdateR=<ref name="TFC"/>|altdate=10|altdateT=BET air date|country=U.S. [[Broadcast programming|linear]]|viewers=|episodes={{Episode table/part|c=#743CAC|part=1}} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 11 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Amplified | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|7|14}} | AltDate = March 28, 2023 | Viewers = 0.44<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-3-28-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Tuesday 3.28.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=March 29, 2023|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=April 3, 2023|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=March 29, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329202230/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-3-28-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 12 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = True Blue | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|7|14}} | AltDate = April 4, 2023 | Viewers = 0.41<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-4-4-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Tuesday 4.4.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=April 5, 2023|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=April 6, 2023|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=April 5, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405203029/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-4-4-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 13 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Cash Of The Titans | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|7|21}} | AltDate = April 11, 2023 | Viewers = 0.34<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-4-11-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Tuesday 4.11.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=April 12, 2023|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=April 13, 2023|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=April 17, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417202646/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-4-11-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 14 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Mr. and Mrs. Money/Kill Bill | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|7|21}} | AltDate = April 18, 2023 | Viewers = 0.36<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-4-18-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Tuesday 4.18.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=April 19, 2023|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=April 27, 2023|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=April 19, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419202647/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-4-18-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 15 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Bait and Switch | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|7|28}} | AltDate = April 25, 2023 | Viewers = 0.37<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-4-25-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Tuesday 4.25.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=April 26, 2023|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=April 27, 2023|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=April 26, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426203631/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-4-25-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 16 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = A Million Ways To Die | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|7|28}} | AltDate = May 2, 2023 | Viewers = 0.35<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-5-2-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Tuesday 5.2.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=May 3, 2023|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=May 4, 2023|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=May 3, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503202422/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-5-2-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 17 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Pimpin' Ain't Easy | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|4}} | AltDate = May 9, 2023 | Viewers = 0.31<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-5-9-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Tuesday 5.9.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=May 10, 2023|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=May 15, 2023|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=May 11, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511125454/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-5-9-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = <!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per WP:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --> | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 18 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = Big Momma Thang | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|4}} | AltDate = May 16, 2023 | Viewers = 0.34<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-5-16-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Tuesday 5.16.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=May 17, 2023|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=May 21, 2023|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=May 17, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517202421/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-5-16-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 19 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = C.R.E.A.M. | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|11}} | AltDate = May 23, 2023 | Viewers = 0.32<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-5-23-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Tuesday 5.23.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=May 24, 2023|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=May 26, 2023|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=May 24, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524203941/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-5-23-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 20 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Bombs Over Buckhead | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|11}} | AltDate = May 30, 2023 | Viewers = 0.43<ref>{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-5-30-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=SHOWBUZZDAILY's Tuesday 5.30.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals & Network Finals UPDATED|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=June 5, 2023|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=June 10, 2023|accessdate=February 21, 2024|archivedate=June 5, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605200157/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-5-30-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}</ref> | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode table/part|c=#743CAC|part=2}} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 21 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = Consequences and Repercussions | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|1|12}} | AltDate = January 3, 2024 | Viewers = | ShortySummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 22 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = Cloak and Dagger | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|1|12}} | AltDate = January 10, 2024 | Viewers = | ShortySummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 23 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = The Target | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|1|19}} | AltDate = January 17, 2024 | Viewers = | ShortySummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 24 | EpisodeNumber2 = 14 | Title = Retribution | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|1|19}} | AltDate = January 24, 2024 | Viewers = | ShortySummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 25 | EpisodeNumber2 = 15 | Title = Good Cop, Bad Cop | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|1|26}} | AltDate = January 31, 2024 | Viewers = | ShortySummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 26 | EpisodeNumber2 = 16 | Title = Can You Keep a Secret | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|1|26}} | AltDate = February 7, 2024 | Viewers = | ShortySummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 27 | EpisodeNumber2 = 17 | Title = Deal or No Deal | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|2|2}} | AltDate = February 14, 2024 | Viewers = | ShortySummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 28 | EpisodeNumber2 = 18 | Title = The Sit Down | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|2|2}} | AltDate = February 21, 2024 | Viewers = | ShortySummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 29 | EpisodeNumber2 = 19 | Title = Danger, Danger | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|2|9}} | AltDate = February 28, 2024 | Viewers = | ShortySummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 30 | EpisodeNumber2 = 20 | Title = Never Get Too Comfortable | DirectedBy = Tyler Perry | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|2|9}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortySummary = | LineColor = #743CAC }}}} === Oge nke Abụọ (2022-23) === {{Episode table|background=#89C1F9|overall=5|season=5|title=20|director=15|writer=20|airdate=15|airdateR=<ref name="TFC">{{cite web|title=Shows A-Z – All the Queen's Men on BET+|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/showatch/all-the-queens-men/listings/|website=[[The Futon Critic]]|access-date=February 15, 2024}}</ref>|altdate=10|altdateT=BET air date|country=U.S. [[Broadcast programming|linear]]|viewers=|episodes={{Episode table/part|c=#89C1F9|part=1}} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 31 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Deep Cover | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|20}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 32 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Daddy's Girl | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|20}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 33 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = No Way Out | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|27}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 34 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = The Choice is Yours | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|8|3}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 35 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Lost and Found | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|8|10}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 36 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = Never Scared | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|8|17}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 37 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Weakness | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|8|24}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 38 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = Never Bluff | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|8|31}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode table/part|c=#89C1F9|part=2}} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 39 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = Eye to Eye | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|1|11}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 40 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Nowhere to Hide | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|1|11}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 41 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = The Ultimate Price | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|1|18}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 42 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = The Crossroads | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|1|25}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 43 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = I Got Five On It | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|2|1}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 44 | EpisodeNumber2 = 14 | Title = déjà vu | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|2|8}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 45 | EpisodeNumber2 = 15 | Title = Caught Slippin | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|2|15}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }} {{^|Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 46 | EpisodeNumber2 = 16 | Title = | DirectedBy = Armani Ortiz | WrittenBy = Tyler Perry | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|2|22}} | AltDate = <!-- DON'T ADD ANYTHING UNTIL AN OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION IS REVEALED --> | Viewers = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #89C1F9 }}}} === Oge nke 3 (2023) === {{Reflist}} == Mmepụta == === Ọganihu === <ref>{{Cite web|author=White|first=Peter|title=Tyler Perry Studios Sets Strip Club Drama ''All The Queen's Men'' At BET+|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/tyler-perry-studios-sets-strip-club-drama-all-the-queens-men-at-bet-1234700555/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=February 24, 2021|accessdate=March 1, 2022}}</ref>+ weghaara usoro ahụ na Febụwarị 24, 2021. Usoro malitere na Septemba 9, 2021. [1] <ref>{{Cite web|author=Petski|first=Denise|title=''All The Queen's Men'' Renewed For Season 2 By BET+|url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/all-the-queens-men-renewed-season-2-bet-plus-tyler-perry-1234923948/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=February 1, 2022|accessdate=March 1, 2022}}</ref> Febụwarị 1, 2022, e megharịrị usoro ahụ maka oge nke abụọ. === Nchịkọta === A kpughere ndị isi na Machị 25, 2021.<ref name="Deadline Cast"> Na Machị 17, 2022, J. Marques Johnson sonyeere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ọrụ ugboro ugboro maka oge nke abụọ. <ref name="J. Marques Johnson Cast"> == Ntinye ọhụrụ == Usoro telivishọn na-adabere na akụkọ ifo nke Christian Keye na ihe odide sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ obodo ya nke afọ 2015 Ladies Night . Ọ bụ ezie na onye isi na usoro telivishọn ahụ na-agba gburugburu ''Marilyn 'Madam' DeVille'' na mpụ ya ebe akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-etinye isi ihe nke onye isi ''Amp Anthony'' na mpụ na ịhụnanya ya. Ọ bụ ezie na àgwà ya na usoro ahụ agbasoro ahụmahụ yiri nke ahụ metụtara akwụkwọ ahụ ịbụ onye bụbu onye mkpọrọ. A gbanwekwara aha Madam na usoro ahụ site na 'Madam' ''Meri'' Fox (akwụkwọ akụkọ) gaa na ''Marilyn'' ''DeVille'' ma bụrụkwa onye nwe Club Eden dị ka ọ dị n'akwụkwọ ahụ, mana ọ naghị ekerịta mmekọrịta ya na Anthony ka usoro telivishọn ahụ na-agwakọta akụkọ ha ọnụ, dịka Amp bụ nwa nwanne Madam ugbu a. Otu onye ọzọ sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, aha ya bụ DJ Dime bụ Allison, onye yiri akwụkwọ ahụ na-eme enyi ma nwee mmekọrịta ịhụnanya na Amp Anthony. Ntọala nke usoro telivishọn ahụ na-elekwasị anya na ndụ nke ọtụtụ ndị na-agba egwú na Club Eden mana ọ na-emepụta ma na-ahapụ isi ihe na Madam onye na-aghọ onye ọjọọ na onye nzọpụta nke ihe ngosi ahụ. == Okporo ụzọ == Ndị ikom eze nwanyị niile setịpụrụ akụkọ nke ha ma gosipụtaghị ihe odide ọ bụla sitere na ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ ka ọ dị ugbu a, agbanyeghị onye isi Marilyn 'Madam' bụ onye ọbịa na Tyler Perry's Sistas na oge nke 5 ma kpughere na ọ bụ nwa nwanne Fatima, onye nwere onwe ya nke nwere obi ike site na usoro nke mechara nweta usoro nke ya bụ ''Zatima,'' Madam na-eme ihu ọma ma na-enyere onye ọrụ Fatima aka Andi, onye chọrọ enyemaka iji nweta enyi ya Sabrina na nsogbu iwu. Ọzọkwa ọ bụ ezie na a hụghị ya na ihe omume ndị gara aga '' (Sistas),'' o zigakwara ndị omempụ iji nyere Fatima aka na nsogbu nke ya mgbe onye ọrụ ibe ya Hayden kpagburu ya. Fatima kpughere nke a na Andi mgbe ha abụọ zutere ibe ha na Hayden mgbe ha na-eyi ya egwu ọzọ dị ka ihe ncheta maka ihe mere ya n'ike izu ole na ole gara aga. Onye ọzọ sitere na usoro El Fuego, pụtara dị ka onye na-apụta ugboro ugboro na Sistas na-eme ka njikọ ya na Danni, onye ya na ya nọ na kọleji n'oge gara aga na enyi ụmụ nwanyị nke usoro ahụ. Ọ na-anwa ime mgbalị na Danni ma gosipụta ọrụ ọhụrụ ya dị ka nwoke na-agba egwú na Club Eden, mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke ibu ibu na-ebelata ma malite njem ahụike ya na ahụike ya mgbe ogologo ọgụ ya nke ibubiga ibu ókè (nke a na-ekwu okwu ya mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ na 'Queen's Men'), mana ịhụnanya ahụ mechara daa mgbe emesịrị ya na Danni nwalere ya, agbanyeghị na ọ nọgidere na-enyere ụmụ nwanyị aka na usoro ahụ mgbe ọ dị mkpa site na ọtụtụ ọrụ ya. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Skyh Alvester Black, onye gosipụtara Amp na All The Queens Men pụtara na Sistas dị ka onye na-apụta ugboro ugboro aha ya bụ Jacobi onye na-eso Sabrina na usoro ha. Nke a n'aka nke ya nwere ike ịkpata mgbagwoju anya n'elu ndị na-ekiri ya dịka usoro abụọ ahụ nwere otu eluigwe na ala n'usoro akụkọ. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}nke na-achịkwa ihe niile na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ikom na-enweta ego. Otu ìgwè ndị ọrụ a tụkwasịrị obi gbara Madam gburugburu bụ ndị na-eme ka ha hụ na Madam na alaeze ya nwere ihe ịga nke ọma. Ka njem ya na-aga n'ihu, ọ na-achọsi ike ịgbasawanye Queendom ya. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị anya, Madam chọpụtara na ego na ike na-abawanye na-apụta nsogbu. == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|14321632}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t9h6li0rkjzwz3wi1sfuto5ecgt894b 0 36761 692310 496200 2026-07-29T19:01:18Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Ebe ọmụmụ na nyocha nke Tulu */ 692310 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {| class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background:#fee8ab" |Onye | class="infobox-data" |Tuḷuva |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background:#fee8ab" |Ndị mmadụ | class="infobox-data" |Tuḷuvarŭ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background:#fee8ab" |Asụsụ | class="infobox-data" |Tupu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background:#fee8ab" |Mba | class="infobox-data" |Tuḷu Nāḍŭ |} [[Usòrò:Vishwanath_Badikana.webm|thumb|Onye na-ekwu okwu na Tulu.]] '''Tulu''' bụ asụsụ Dravidian nke ndị na-asụ ya gbadoro ụkwụ na Dakshina Kannada na n'akụkụ ndịda nke Udupi nke Karnataka na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ [[Ndia|India]] yana kwa na akụkụ ugwu nke Kasaragod district nke Kerala. A na-akpọ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tulu dị ka ndị Tuluva ma ọ bụ ndị Tulu na mpaghara mpaghara a na-akpọ Tulu Nadu n'enweghị iwu. Akụkọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị India nke afọ 2011 kọrọ na ngụkọta nke 1,846,427 ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tulu na India. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Census of India - Statement 1|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm|accessdate=13 November 2009|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archivedate=6 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206233628/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm}}</ref>Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2001 kọrọ na ngụkọta nke 1,722,768 na-asụ asụsụ ala. E<ref name="BhatSteveer" /> ihe isi ike ụfọdụ n'ịgụ ndị na-asụ Tulu ndị si n'ógbè ha kwapụ dịka a na-agụkarị ha dị ka ndị na-ekwu Kannada na Akụkọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị India. Nkewapụrụ na Proto-South Dravidian, Tulu nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụ na Tamil-Kannada. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere pluperfect na ọdịnihu zuru oke, dị ka [[Asụsụ French|French]] ma ọ bụ Spanish, mana e mepụtara ya na-enweghị ngwaa enyemaka. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tulu Nadu, Kasaragod, Kerala, India|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/bekal/tulu-nadu.php|publisher=Kerala Tourism|accessdate=12 June 2017|language=en|archivedate=6 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706143248/http://www.keralatourism.org/bekal/tulu-nadu.php}}</ref> <ref name="acharya1b">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ciil-ebooks.net/html/piil/acharya1b.html|accessdate=11 August 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117094833/http://www.ciil-ebooks.net/html/piil/acharya1b.html|title=Social Aspects and Dynamics of Convergence|author=Susheela Thomas|archivedate=17 January 2008}}</ref> asụsụ a na-asụ na Tulu Nadu, nke nwere mpaghara Dakshina Kannada na Udupi na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Karnataka na mpaghara ugwu nke Mpaghara Kasaragod nke Kerala <ref name="BhatSteveer" /> . A na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tulu na Kalasa na Mudigere taluks nke mpaghara Chikkamagaluru na Tirthahalli, Hosanagar nke mpaghara Shimoga. Ndị <ref name="dravidian">{{Cite book|title=The Dravidian Languages|author=Steever|first=Sanford B.|year=1998|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=0-415-10023-2}}</ref>-abụghị ndị na-asụ Tulu gụnyere ndị bi na mpaghara Tulunadu mana ndị na- asụ Asụsụ Beary, asụsụ Havyaka yana Konkani na Koraga dị ka asụsụ nne ha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=63861&|title=Dr. Veerendra Heggade in Dubai to Unite Tuluvas for Tulu Sammelan|publisher=Daijiworld.com|accessdate=21 May 2012|archivedate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191142/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=63861&}}</ref><ref name="mangalorean.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=139752|title=Serving Mangaloreans Around The World!|publisher=Mangalorean.Com|accessdate=21 May 2012|archivedate=25 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225065833/https://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=139752%20}}</ref><ref name="languageinindia.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.languageinindia.com/may2003/maharashtraurdu.html|title=Language in India|publisher=Language in India|date=5 May 2003|accessdate=21 May 2012|archivedate=25 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225065831/http://www.languageinindia.com/may2003/maharashtraurdu.html%20}}</ref> Tulu Nadu, a na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị na-asụ Tulu na Maharashtra, [1] Bangalore, Chennai, ụwa na-asụrụ Bekee, na mba Gulf. [2] [3] Ihe odide dị iche iche nke Tulu site na narị afọ nke 15 dị na edemede Tulu. <ref name="BhatSteveer" /> E dekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ nke Tulu aha ya bụ ''Sri Bhagavato'' na ''Kaveri'' site na narị afọ nke iri na asaa n'otu edemede ahụ. <ref name="BhatSteveer" /> A maara asụsụ Tulu maka akwụkwọ ọ na-ede n'ụdị uri a na-akpọ ''Pardan''. Epic nke Siri <ref name="BhatSteveer">{{Cite book|author=Steever|first=Sanford B|title=The Dravidian Languages|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136911644|pages=158–163}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSteever2015">Steever, Sanford B (2015). ''The Dravidian Languages''. Routledge. pp.&nbsp;158–163. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781136911644|<bdi>9781136911644</bdi>]].</cite></ref> akụkọ ifo nke Koti na Chennayya so n'ụdị akwụkwọ Tulu a. == Nchịkọta ==   == Okwu mmalite == Onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ P. Gururaja Bhat kwuru na ''Tulunadu'' (akwụkwọ nyocha) na Tuluva sitere n'okwu ahụ bụ turuva, ebe turu pụtara 'ụmụ ehi' ma na-ezo aka n'ebe ndị yadava ma ọ bụ cowherd na-achị. {{citation needed|date=August 2012}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ọnọdụ gọọmentị == Tulu abụghị asụsụ gọọmentị nke India ma ọ bụ mba ọ bụla ọzọ. A na-eme mgbalị itinye Tulu na Ndepụta nke 8 nke Iwu. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Centre still examining inclusion of Tulu, Kodava in 8th Schedule|url=http://www.coastaldigest.com/news/101637-centre-still-examining-inclusion-of-tulu-kodava-in-8th-schedule|work=Coastaldigest.com - The Trusted News Portal of India, Coastal Karnataka|date=22 July 2017|language=en|accessdate=21 October 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2009/dec/11/cm-inaugurates-vishwa-tulu-sammelan-112014.html|title=CM inaugurates Vishwa Tulu Sammelan|work=The New Indian Express|accessdate=11 December 2009}}</ref>'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2009, n'oge Vishwa Tulu Sammelan nke mbụ haziri na Ujire-Dharmastala, mgbe ahụ Chief Minister Karnataka B. S. Yediyurappa kwere nkwa izipu aro ọhụrụ maka itinye asụsụ Tulu na usoro nke asatọ nke iwu. [1] <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/demand-to-include-tulu-in-eight-schedule-grows-louder-with-pms-visit/articleshow/61327370.cms|title=Demand to include Tulu in Eight Schedule grows louder with PM's visit - Times of India|work=The Times of India|accessdate=12 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/twitter-campaign-to-include-tulu-in-eighth-schedule-of-constitution/article19459992.ece|title=Twitter campaign to include Tulu in Eighth Schedule of Constitution|date=10 August 2017|work=The Hindu|accessdate=12 November 2017|language=en-IN}}</ref>'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2017, a haziri mkpọsa n'ịntanetị iji tinye Tulu na usoro iwu nke asatọ [1] N'ọnwarị 2017, mgbe praịm minista [[Narendra Modi]], gara Ụlọ Nsọ Dharmasthala, e gosipụtara otu ihe ahụ n'ihu ya. [2] N'otu aka ahụ, na 2018, Onye omeiwu si na mpaghara Kasargod, P. Karunakaran, welitere otu arịrịọ ahụ maka itinye asụsụ Tulu na usoro nke asatọ nke iwu. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=675865|title=Mangaluru: MLA Vedavyasa Kamath seeks official recognition for Tulu language|work=DaijiWorld News|accessdate=19 February 2020}}</ref> 19 Febụwarị 2020, Vedavyas Kamath onye so na Mangaluru (n'ebe ndịda) nke Nzukọ Ndị Ome Iwu, nyere onye isi minista B. S. Yediyurappa na minista maka njem nleta, Kannada na ọdịbendị, C. T. Ravi, akwụkwọ, na-achọ ọnọdụ gọọmentị maka asụsụ Tulu. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, MLA ọzọ si Moodbidri Umanath Kotian gbara gọọmentị steeti ume ka ha tinye nrụgide na gọọmentị union ka ha gbakwunye asụsụ Tulu na usoro ihe omume nke asatọ n'oge nnọkọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-05|title=Campaign to get official status for Tulu gains steam|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/campaign-to-get-official-status-for-tulu-gains-steam-1004948.html|accessdate=2021-07-05|work=Deccan Herald|language=en|archivedate=4 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704235613/https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/campaign-to-get-official-status-for-tulu-gains-steam-1004948.html}}</ref>'ọnwa Julaị 2021, ndị otu atọ dị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Karnataka: BJP, Congress na Janata Dal (Secular), kwadoro echiche ahụ. [1] == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ihe odide kachasị ochie na Tulu sitere n'oge dị n'etiti narị afọ nke 7 na nke 8 AD. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CF5Qo4NDE64C&pg=PA162|title=The Dravidian languages - Sanford B. Steever - Google Books|date=24 June 2003|isbn=9780203424353|accessdate=21 May 2012|author=Steever|first=Sanford B.|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA46|title=A History of Ancient and Early ... - Upinder Singh - Google Books|isbn=9788131711200|accessdate=21 May 2012|author=Singh|first=Upinder|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zsQc6oFXvPkC&pg=PA64|title=Brahmanas of South India - Nagendra Rao - Google Books|isbn=9788178353005|accessdate=21 May 2012|author=Rao|first=Nagendra|year=2005|publisher=Kalpaz Publications}}</ref> Ihe odide ndị a dị na edemede Tulu ma chọta ya n'ebe dị na gburugburu Barkur nke bụ isi obodo Tulu Nadu n'oge Vijayanagar. A na-ahụ otu ihe odide ọzọ na ''Ullur'' ''Subrahmanya'' Temple dị nso na Kundapura. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ dị ka S.U. Panniyadi na L. V. Ramaswami Iyer yana P.S. Subrahmanya tụrụ aro na Tulu so n'asụsụ kachasị ochie n'ezinụlọ Dravidian nke gbasara n'onwe ya site na mgbọrọgwụ Proto-Dravidian ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 2500 gara aga. Nkwupụta a dabere n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na Tulu ka na-echekwa ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Asụsụ Proto-Dravidian. == Ebe ọmụmụ na nyocha nke Tulu == Tulu dị ka asụsụ na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto na Karnataka na Kasaragod dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Kerala. Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tuluacademy.org/en/tulu-nadu/|title=Welcome tuluacademy.org|work=Tuluacademy.org|accessdate=26 August 2016|archivedate=5 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405133147/http://www.tuluacademy.org/en/tulu-nadu/}}</ref> ụlọ akwụkwọ gọọmentị steeti Karnataka guzobere na 1994, ewebatala Tulu dị ka asụsụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Karnataka, gụnyere Alva's High School, Moodbidri; Dattanjaneya High School, Odiyoor; Ramakunjeshwara English-medium High School, Ramakunja; na Vani Composite Pre-University College, Belthangady. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/state/626-students-from-16-Dakshina-Kannada-schools-opt-for-Tulu/articleshow/53217026.cms|title=626 students from 16 Dakshina Kannada schools opt for Tulu - Bangalore Mirror -|work=Bangaloremirror.com|accessdate=21 February 2023|archivedate=11 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511174050/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/state/626-students-from-16-Dakshina-Kannada-schools-opt-for-Tulu/articleshow/53217026.cms}}</ref> mbụ, a malitere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iri na isii, [1] a na-akụzi asụsụ ahụ ugbu a n'ihe karịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ iri atọ na atọ, nke iri atọ n'ime ha dị na mpaghara Dakshina Kannada. Ihe k<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.india.com/news/agencies/1584-students-take-tulu-as-3rd-language-in-undivided-dk-dist-2266671/|title=1584 students take Tulu as 3rd language in undivided DK dist|date=24 June 2017|work=India.com|accessdate=25 June 2017|archivedate=24 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924045928/http://www.india.com/news/agencies/1584-students-take-tulu-as-3rd-language-in-undivided-dk-dist-2266671/}}</ref> ụmụ akwụkwọ 1500 ahọrọla ịmụ asụsụ a. Gọọmentị Kerala guzobere Kerala Tulu Academy na 2007. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya n'inweta na ịgbasa asụsụ na ọdịbendị Tulu na Kerala site na ọrụ dị iche iche dịka ịhazi nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe na ibipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Tulu, wdg. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dị na Hosangadi, Manjeshwar na Kasaragod. A na-akụzi Tulu dị ka asụsụ na ọkwa post-graduate na Mahadum Mangalore''',''' ma enwere ngalaba raara onwe ya nye maka ọmụmụ Tulu, ntụgharị na nyocha na Mahadum Dravidian <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dravidianuniversity.ac.in/tuludept.html|title=Dravidianuniversity|accessdate=21 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512045846/http://dravidianuniversity.ac.in/tuludept.html|archivedate=12 May 2012}}</ref> na Kuppam Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kannuruniversity.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=117|title=GOVERNMENT COLLEGE Vidyanagar|accessdate=26 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827091932/http://www.kannuruniversity.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=117|archivedate=27 August 2016}}</ref> Degree College [1] na Kasaragod na Kerala webatara usoro asambodo na Tulu maka afọ agụmakwụkwọ 2009-2010. O webatara Tulu dị ka isiokwu nhọrọ na nkuzi Kannada ya. Ọ nabatara syllabi site na akwụkwọ ndị Tulu Sahitya Academy bipụtara. Ndị ozi ala ọzọ [[Jémanị|Germany]] bụ Kammerer na Männer bụ ndị mbụ mere nchọpụta banyere asụsụ ahụ. Kammerer chịkọtara ihe dị ka okwu 3,000 na ihe ha pụtara tupu ọnwụ ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, Männer gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya, onye mechara nyocha ahụ ma bipụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu mbụ nke asụsụ Tulu na 1886 site n'enyemaka nke gọọmentị Madras nke oge ahụ. Mgbalị ahụ ezughi oke, ebe ọ na-ekpuchi akụkụ niile nke asụsụ ahụ. Govinda Pai Research Centre na MGM College, Udupi malitere ọrụ Tulu lexicon afọ 18 n'afọ 1979. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/sep/22udupi.htm|title=Rediff on the Net: Now, Tulu has a real dictionary!|work=Rediff.com|accessdate=21 May 2012|archivedate=2 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302015422/http://www.rediff.com/news/sep/22udupi.htm}}</ref> Asụsụ dị iche iche, okwu pụrụ iche eji eme ihe maka ọrụ dị iche iche. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-08/mangalore/28086486_1_lexicon-world-tulu-convention-dictionary|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428082816/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-08/mangalore/28086486_1_lexicon-world-tulu-convention-dictionary|archivedate=28 April 2013|title=Tulu Nighantu a Lexicon That Speaks a Million Words|author=Leena Mudbidri|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 December 2009}}</ref> ọrụ ahụ ewepụtakwala mpịakọta isii, asụsụ atọ, ọnụahịa dị ala nke Tulu-Kannada-English lexicon. E nyere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Tulu Gundert Award maka akwụkwọ ọkọwaokwu kachasị mma na mba ahụ na 1996. <ref>{{Cite news|author=TNN|title=MU to Offer Tulu Courses|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/mangalore/30229799_1_diploma-tulu-script-karnataka-tulu-sahitya-academy|accessdate=2 October 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 September 2011}}</ref> Septemba 2011, Kansụl agụmakwụkwọ nke Mahadum Mangalore nabatara aro, iji kwe ka mahadum na kọleji ndị metụtara ya nye asambodo, diplọma na ọmụmụ diplọma na Tulu, ma n'ụzọ nkịtị ma n'ụdị akwụkwọ ozi [1] <ref>{{Cite news|author=Special Correspondent|title=Varsity Okays Proposals to Offer Courses in Biotechnology, Tulu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/article2499919.ece|accessdate=2 October 2011|work=The Hindu|date=30 September 2011}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ọgba aghara Gokak * Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri Tulu * Aliya Kattu == Ihe edeturu == okwu 3,000 na ihe ha pụtara tupu ọnwụ ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, Männer gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya, onye mechara nyocha ahụ ma bipụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu mbụ nke asụsụ Tulu na 1886 site n'enye == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == *   == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * Caldwell, R., A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages, [[London]]: Harrison, 1856.; E bipụtara ya na London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd., 1913; rev. ed. site na J. L. Wyatt na T. Ramakrishna Pillai, Madras, Mahadum nke Madras, 1961, bipụtaghachiri Asian Educational Services, 1998.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/81-206-0117-3|81-206-0117-3]] * C. (1875). A Comparative Grammar nke Dravidian ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ asụsụ South-Indian. London: Trübner na Co., Ludgate Hill. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/2-213-01254-7|2-213-01254-7]] * Hall, Edith (2002), "Ndị na-agụ egwú nke oge ochie" na Pat Easterling & Edith Hall, ed., Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Greek na Roman: Aspects of an Ancient Profession, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-521-65140-9|0-521-65140-9]] * Lauri Honko, Textualisation of Oral Epics.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/3-11-016928-2|3-11-016928-2]] * William Pais, ''Ala A Na-akpọ South Canara''.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/81-7525-148-4|81-7525-148-4]] * Bhat, S.L. A Grammar of Tulu: a Dravidian language.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/81-85691-12-6|81-85691-12-6]] * Männer, A. Tuḷu-English dictionary, Mangalore: E bipụtara ya na Basel Mission Press 1886 * Männer, A. English-Tuḷu dictionary, Mangalore: E bipụtara ya na Basel Mission Press 1888 * Brigel, J. A Grammar of the Tulu language, Mangalore, nke C. Stolz bipụtara, Basel Mission Book & Tract Depository, 1872 *   * Bhat D. N. S. (1967). Nkọwa nkọwa nke Tulu. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute. * Vinson, Julien (1878), Ngwaa n'asụsụ Dravidian: Tamil, Canara, Télinga, Malayâla, tulu, wdg, Maisonneuve na cie.Paris * Burnell, Arthur Coke (1874), Elements of South-Indian Palæography from the Fourth to the Seventeenth Century A.D., Trübner & Co. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akụkụ nke nkà mmụta asụsụ. Ebe a na-ebipụta ya amaghị: Hardpress Ltd. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Asụsụ nke Tulu: asụsụ Dravidian. Thiruvananthapuram: Òtù asụsụ Dravidian. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ndịda Ọwụwa Ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia: mmeghe. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. * Padmanabha, Kekunnaya [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nnyocha ntụnyere nke asụsụ Tulu. Udupi * Narayana, S. B. (1967). Nkọwa nkọwa nke Tulu. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute. * Upadhyaya, U. P. (onye nwụrụ). Tulu Lexicon: Tulu-Kannada-English Dictionary. Udupi * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe eji eme ihe maka eserese nke ụdaolu Tulu. Lahore *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.tuluacademy.org/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị nke Tulu Academy nke Karnataka] * [http://tuludictionary.in/dictionary/cgi-bin/web/frame.html Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Tulu n'ịntanetị] * [https://www.tulupedia.com Tulupedia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090622104844/http://www.tuluver.com/home/ Tuluver.com] * [https://jaitulunad.in/ Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Kopparige Tulu] * [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tulu.htm Asụsụ Tulu na mkpụrụ akwụkwọ] {{Dravidian languages}}{{Languages spoken in Kerala}}{{Languages of India}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] g9uqqdmggg31w1atbj46wav7qaj1ars 0 37888 692533 559698 2026-07-30T09:34:41Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692533 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Fatou Bintou Kandé Senghor''' (amụrụ na 9 Jenụwarị 1971) bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri nke Senegal, onye edemede, na onye na-ese foto. == Akụkọ ndụ == <ref name="Poissonnier">{{Cite news|author=Poissonnier|first=Ariane|title=Wala bok, la parole est aux rappeurs !|url=https://musique.rfi.fr/actu-musique/rap/20150915-wala-bok-fatou-kande-senghor|accessdate=18 November 2020|work=[[Radio France Internationale]]|date=15 September 2015}}</ref> mụrụ Senghor na Dakar na 1971 ma too n'etiti Naijiria, Ghana, na Benin. Nna ya bụ onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ si n'ógbè Casamance. Ọ gụrụ ihe nkiri na akwụkwọ Bekee na Mahadum Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gụchaa akara ugo mmụta ya n'ihi na ọ na-etinye aka nke ukwuu na gburugburu nka na Paris. Senghor gara mmemme ihe nkiri na telivishọn nke Ouagadougou na 1992, ebe ọ bụ na ọ ghọrọ onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'oge ahụ. <ref name="iam">{{Cite news|author=Ehonian|first=Virginie|title=‘GIVING BIRTH’: RENCONTRE AVEC FATOU KANDE SENGHOR|url=http://www.iam-africa.com/venice-2015-rencontre-avec-fatou-kande-senghor/|accessdate=18 November 2020|work=Intense Art Magazine|date=27 May 2015|language=French}} [[Òtù:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> chere na ọ gaghị eme ule ikpeazụ ya ma debanye aha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nka, mana o kpebiri na nke a abụghị eziokwu. Senghor gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1993. N'afọ 1996, Senghor rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ nkwukọrịta maka World Bank. N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ chọtara ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri maka National Council of Negro Women. Site na 1998 ruo 2000, Senghor bụ ọkachamara n'ihe nkiri maka Goethe Institut. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Mahadum Suffolk Dakar Campus n'etiti afọ 2000 na 2002. <ref name="africultures" >{{Cite web|title=Waru Studio|url=http://www.contemporaryand.com/place/waru-studio/|work=Contemporary And|accessdate=18 November 2020|archivedate=21 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121143454/http://www.contemporaryand.com/place/waru-studio/}}</ref><ref name="skidmore">{{Cite web|title=Fatou Kandé Senghor on Filmmaking in Senegal|url=https://tang.skidmore.edu/collection/explore/31-fatou-kande-senghor|work=[[Skidmore College]]|accessdate=November 18, 2020}}</ref> 2001 o guzobere Waru Studio, ihe enyemaka maka nyocha nka site na iji teknụzụ ọhụrụ na Dakar. <ref name="iam" />{{Cite news|author=Ehonian|first=Virginie|title=‘GIVING BIRTH’: RENCONTRE AVEC FATOU KANDE SENGHOR|url=http://www.iam-africa.com/venice-2015-rencontre-avec-fatou-kande-senghor/|accessdate=18 November 2020|work=Intense Art Magazine|date=27 May 2015|language=French}}</ref> chere na ọ bụ ebe ndị na-ese ihe na-ekerịta, mana a maara ya dị ka "onye okike nke ohere", akara Senghor jụrụ. Site <ref name="africultures" /> 2004 ruo 2005, Senghor bụ onye isi njikwa nke RADIO TOP FM 107.0 ma bụrụkwa onye na-ede isiokwu n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu. <ref name="africultures" />{{Cite web|title=Fatou Kandé Senghor|url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=14015|work=Africultures|accessdate=18 November 2020|language=French}}</ref> bụkwa onye na-ese foto na onye na-emepụta ejiji maka ihe nkiri ''Faat Kiné'' nke [[Ousmane Sembène]], Off Road nke Berenghar Fall na Madame Brouette nke Moussa Sène Absa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Diop|first=Baba|title=Diola Tigi, de Fatou Kandé Senghor|url=http://africine.org/critique/diola-tigi-de-fatou-kande-senghor/7952|work=Africine|accessdate=18 November 2020|language=French|date=15 July 2008}}</ref>'afọ 2007, Senghor duziri ''Diola Tigi'', nke na-enye akụkọ banyere emume mmalite nna nna n'obodo Baila. N'afọ 2012, o duziri The Other in Me, banyere nloghachi Etienne na Leopold Senghor, ụmụ ejima nke onye isi ala Senegal mbụ Léopold Sédar Senghor na Africa. Ọ kọwara ya dị ka ihe siri ike ịmepụta, dezie, na ịhazi. Senghor duziri Giving Birth na 2015. Ihe nkiri ahụ <ref name="skidmore" />{{Cite web|title=Fatou Kandé Senghor on Filmmaking in Senegal|url=https://tang.skidmore.edu/collection/explore/31-fatou-kande-senghor|work=[[Skidmore College]]|accessdate=November 18, 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://tang.skidmore.edu/collection/explore/31-fatou-kande-senghor "Fatou Kandé Senghor on Filmmaking in Senegal"]. ''[[Kọleji Skidmore|Skidmore College]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref>-akọ akụkọ banyere onye na-eme ihe n'arịa Seni Awa Camara na ọgụ ya na ime ime na-enweghị isi. Emere <ref name="iam" />{{Cite news|author=Ehonian|first=Virginie|title=‘GIVING BIRTH’: RENCONTRE AVEC FATOU KANDE SENGHOR|url=http://www.iam-africa.com/venice-2015-rencontre-avec-fatou-kande-senghor/|accessdate=18 November 2020|work=Intense Art Magazine|date=27 May 2015|language=French}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEhonian2015">Ehonian, Virginie (27 May 2015). [http://www.iam-africa.com/venice-2015-rencontre-avec-fatou-kande-senghor/ "'GIVING BIRTH': RENCONTRE AVEC FATOU KANDE SENGHOR"]. ''Intense Art Magazine'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> na Venice Biennale, ebe a nabatara ya nke ọma. <ref name="Poissonnier" />{{Cite news|author=Poissonnier|first=Ariane|title=Wala bok, la parole est aux rappeurs !|url=https://musique.rfi.fr/actu-musique/rap/20150915-wala-bok-fatou-kande-senghor|accessdate=18 November 2020|work=[[Radio France Internationale]]|date=15 September 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPoissonnier2015">Poissonnier, Ariane (15 September 2015). [https://musique.rfi.fr/actu-musique/rap/20150915-wala-bok-fatou-kande-senghor "Wala bok, la parole est aux rappeurs !"]. ''[[Redio France Internationale|Radio France Internationale]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> bipụtara akwụkwọ Wala Bok, une histoire orale du hip hop au Sénégal na 2015, na-enyocha ihe nkiri hip-hop site na akaebe sitere n'aka ndị na-eti egwu, ndị njikwa na ndị na-emepụta ihe. Senghor lụrụ Etienne Senghor <ref name="skidmore" />{{Cite web|title=Fatou Kandé Senghor on Filmmaking in Senegal|url=https://tang.skidmore.edu/collection/explore/31-fatou-kande-senghor|work=[[Skidmore College]]|accessdate=November 18, 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://tang.skidmore.edu/collection/explore/31-fatou-kande-senghor "Fatou Kandé Senghor on Filmmaking in Senegal"]. ''[[Kọleji Skidmore|Skidmore College]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> nwee ụmụ atọ. Ọ bi n'etiti Dakar na Thiès. Se<ref name="africultures" />{{Cite web|title=Fatou Kandé Senghor|url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=14015|work=Africultures|accessdate=18 November 2020|language=French}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=14015 "Fatou Kandé Senghor"]. ''Africultures'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> nwere mmasị n'ịgba ihe atụ na echiche banyere omume okpukpe ndị nna nna dị ka Islam na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst aka. == Ihe nkiri == * 1998: ''Dal Diam'' * 2000: ''Tara ụzọ nke Ụwa'' * 2003: ''Dona Ana Maria Cabral'' * 2007: ''Diola Tigi'' * 2008: ''Akụkụ abụ m'' * 2008: ''Nlaghachi nke Enyí'' * 2012: Onye nke ọzọ nọ n'ime m ''Onye nke ọzọ n'ime m'' * 2013: ''Malibala'' * 2015: ''Ịmụ nwa'' == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Senghor, Fatou Kandé}} * [[imdbname:1242240|Fatou Kande Senghor]] na Internet Movie Database[[IMDb|Ebe nchekwa data ihe nkiri n'ịntanetị]] {{authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] muz359020rnn6k37y6bntiw5erxq84d 0 38064 692601 393449 2026-07-30T11:31:04Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox person|name=Flora Gomes|birth_date=31 December 1949|birth_place=Cadique, Guinea-Bissau|nationality=Bissau-Guinean|alma_mater=Instituto Cubano del Arte y la Industria Cinematográficos|occupation=film director|notable_works=Mortu Nega|image=[[File:Flora Gomes in the African Film Festival Of Cordoba.jpg|thumb|Flora Gomes]]}} '''Flora Gomes''' bụ Onye nduzi ihe nkiri [[Guinea-Bissau|Bissau-Guinea]]. A mụrụ ya na [[Cadique]], [[Guinea-Bissau]] na 31 Disemba 1949 <ref>[[imdbname:0326884|Flora Gomes at IMDB]]</ref> ma mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Cuba, o kpebiri ịmụ ihe nkiri na Instituto Cubano del Arte y la Industria Cinematográficos na Havana. Agbapụrụ afọ iri na anọ ka nnwere onwe gasịrị, Gomes's Mortu Nega (Ọnwụ Ajụjụ) (1988) bụ ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo mbụ na ihe nkiri ngosipụta nke abụọ emere na Guinea-Bissau. (Ihe nkiri nke mbụ bụ N'tturudu, onye nduzi Umban u'Kest na 1987.) Na FESPACO 1989, ihe nkiri ahụ meriri Oumarou Ganda Prize.''Mortu Nega'' dị na Creole nwere ndepụta okwu Bekee. N'afọ 1992, Gomes duziri ''Udju Azul di Yonta'', <ref>[http://newsreel.org/nav/title.asp?tc=CN0099 ''Udju Azul di Yonta'' at California Newsreel]</ref> nke e gosipụtara na ngalaba Un Certain Regard na 1992 Cannes Film Festival. <ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/68/year/1992.html|title=Festival de Cannes: Udju Azul di Yonta|accessdate=2009-08-16|work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Nwa nke nne na nna na-amaghị akwụkwọ, mgbe ọ bụ nwatakịrị, Gomes lụsoro ọgụ megide njedebe nke ọnọdụ ọha na eze ya na mmegbu nke usoro ọchịchị Portuguese n'okpuru ọchịchị António Salazar. Ọ kwadoro nguzogide Bissau-Guinean megide ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na-achị ma nwee mmasị dị ukwuu na Amílcar Cabral. Ọ hapụrụ Guinea-Bissau iji mụọ ihe nkiri na Cuba (1972) na Cuban Institute of Art and Cinematography, n'okpuru nduzi nke Santiago Álvarez. Ọ gara n'ihu na ọmụmụ ihe ya na [[Senegal]], na Senegalese Journal for Motion Picture News, n'okpuru nduzi nke [[Paulin Soumanou Vieyra]]. Ya na Sergio Pina duziri ihe nkiri abụọ ma soro Chris Marker na Anita Fernandez rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na [[Guinea-Bissau]] a tọhapụrụ, Gomes mere ihe nkiri maka emume nnwere onwe mba ya (24 Septemba 1974), na-emezu ọchịchọ Amílcar Cabral na ọ ga-abụ ndị Bissau-Guineans n'onwe ha na-ewere oge akụkọ ihe mere eme a na fim. Mgbe ọ tọhapụrụ onwe ya n'aka ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, ọtụtụ ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-aga n'ihu na-eleta Guinea-Bissau na Gomes, n'ihi ihe ọmụma ya banyere ihe nkiri, chọrọ ka ọ nyere ha aka, nke nyere ya ohere ịgbasawanye nkà ya. Na ngwụcha afọ ndị 1970, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto na onye na-eme foto maka Ministry of Information. == Onyinye na ihe ndị ọ rụzuru == === 1988 === Mortu Nega meriri: * Bronze Tanit na Carthage Film FestivalEmume Ihe nkiri Carthage * Ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na Carthage Film Festival * Ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|FESPACO]] === 1992 === ''Udju Azul di Yonta'' meriri: * Bronze Tanit na Carthage Film Festival * Ihe nrite OAU (Organization of African Unity) na Carthage Film Festival * Ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na FESPACO * Ihe nrite pụrụ iche nke ndị ọka ikpe na Salonika Film Festival (Greece) * Distinguished with the Order of Merit for Culture by the [[Tunisia|Tunisian]] Government. * Named a member of the principal jury at the Carthage Film Festival. === 1996 === * Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres nke gọọmentị France nyere ya. * ''Po di Sangui'' meriri Silver Tanit award na Carthage Film Festival === 2002 === * ''Nha fala'' meriri ihe nrite mba ụwa nke French Bourse nyere maka ihe nkiri kachasị mma site na South. * ''Nha fala'' nwetakwara ihe nrite ihe nkiri Latin kacha mma na Venice Film Festival. * ''Nha fala'' meriri ihe nrite obodo na Amiens International Film Festival (France). * Ndị obodo Bissau-Guinean nabatara Flora Gomes na [[Portugal]] maka ọrụ ya n'ime ka ọdịbendị Bissau na-Guinean mara n'ụwa niile. === 2003 === * ''Nha fala'' meriri Grand Prize na Vie d'Afrique Festival na Montreal. * ''Nha fala'' meriri Grand Prize maka ihe nkiri na FESPACO site na ndị ọka ikpe [[Economic Community of West African States|ECOWAS]]. === 2004 === * Flora Gomes bụ onye otu ndị ọka ikpe na Amiens International Film Festival. === 2005 === * A họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi oche nke ndị ọka ikpe ECOWAS na FESPACO. * Mahadum nke Lisbon nabatara ya, na-anata ihe nrite na-eme emume maka ọrụ ya zuru ụwa ọnụ. * Ọ bụ onye nnọchiteanya na nke abụọ Brown University Africana Film Festival. === 2006 === * Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe / prọfesọ nleta na Ngalaba nke Africana Studies na Mahadum Brown. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gomes, Flora}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pkxbe0lof98qp8ocy37te6ndskpn6py 0 38227 692342 541329 2026-07-29T19:57:34Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference error 692342 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Ụlọ ọzọ ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" | Duru ya | class="infobox-data" | Babucarr Manka |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" | Mepụtara ya | class="infobox-data" | Alhaji Manka<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Don Edkins<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Obere Mungwe |- class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> Mmepụta<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> ụlọ ọrụ</div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"> Steeti Mic<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Arte France<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Deutsche Welle Akademie<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Robert Bosch Stiftung<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Ọrụ mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze (STEPS)<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Ụlọ ọrụ Bertha Foundation<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development na German Cooperation</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" | Nkesa site na | class="infobox-data" | Ọrụ mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze (STEPS) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;"> Ụbọchị mwepụta </div> | class="infobox-data" | |} '''''Ụlọ ọzọ''''' bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ Gambian 2022 nke Babucarr Manka dere ma duzie ya. Ihe nkiri a na-ekwu maka nsogbu mbata na-egosi ọnọdụ ndị manyere ndị Africa ịkwaga mba Europe n'ịchụso ohere ọrụ ka mma na ịnweta ndụ dị elu. Ihe nkiri a na-ekpughe ka otu International Organisation for Migration si ahazi usoro mweghachi nke ndị Africa kwabatara iji zighachi ha na mba nke ha bụ ndị niile rutere n'isi obodo Europe dị ka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Four "Generation Africa" films to screen at DOK.fest Munich {{!}} DW {{!}} 05.05.2022|url=https://www.dw.com/en/four-generation-africa-films-to-screen-at-dokfest-munich/a-61682586|accessdate=2022-12-27|work=DW.COM|language=en-GB}}</ref> Esere ihe nkiri a dị ka ihe ngosi ụwa na 7 Mee 2022 na ngalaba African Encounters na Internationales Dokumentarfilmfestival München (DOK.fest München) na ọ bụ naanị ihe nkiri Gambian ka ewepụtara. n'oge mbipụta 2022 nke DOK.fest Munich. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Times|first=The Alkamba|date=2022-05-05|title=State of Mic's documentary "Home Again" will be shown at DOK Fest Munchin|url=https://alkambatimes.com/state-of-mics-documentary-home-again-will-be-shown-at-doc-fest-munchin/|accessdate=2022-12-27|work=The Alkamba Times|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nkọwa okwu == A na-ekwusi ike na usoro mweghachi nke ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ site na foto Paabi dị afọ 23 nke laghachiri na obodo ya, [[The Gambia|Gambia]] mgbe mbọ ya nke abụọ na-emezughị. Mgbe Paabi nwara mbata nke mbụ ya, Paabi mechara tụfuo ego niile o nwere iji weghachi ụlọ mgbe nwanne nna ya bara ọgaranya ji ego ahụ mee ihe n’ụzọ na-ezighị ezi n’ịzụ ahịa osisi. N'agbanyeghị nnukwu ndọghachi azụ n'ihe gbasara ọnọdụ ego, ọ nwara ọzọ maka ịkwaga mba ọzọ naanị ka e bugara ya n'obodo nne ya. Ọ na-ekwusi ike na ọ gaghị anwa ịkwaga nke ugboro atọ n'ịmara nke ọma tupu oge eruo, ndị ọrụ ọchịchị ga-ebula ya ọzọ ma kpebie ịnọ na Gambia ebe ọ dịghị mfe ịlanarị karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home Again|url=https://www.generationafrica.co.za/films/home-again/|accessdate=2022-12-27|work=Generation Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmepụta == Ihe onyonyo a malitere na 2018 site na ọzụzụ Generation Africa na-achọ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Afrịka n'ofe Afrịka niile ka ha ga-esi mepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ mara mma iji gosi akụkọ ndụ n'ezie na ihuenyo silver. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nke ''Home Again'' nwetara ego n'aka Arte [[France]] maka mmepụta ihe nkiri ahụ na ndị na-ese fim aghaghị ịsọ mpi megide ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ 180 dị iche iche iji nweta ego ahụ. <ref name=":1" /> Emere ihe nkiri a site na Generation Africa na mmekorita ya na State of Mic, Arte France, Deutsche Welle Akademie, Robert Bosch Stiftung, Social Transformation and Empowerment Projects (STEPS), Bertha Foundation, German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development and German Cooperation. <ref name=":1" /> Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara mmekorita nke atọ n'etiti onye nduzi Babucarr Manka na onye na-ahụ ihe na Alhgie Manka ka anabatachara na Smiling Coast na onyonye si Babylon . Ihe na ihe nkiri ahụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ dabere na nzuko dị n'etiti ndị isi Africa na ndị Europe na [[Malta]] bụ ndị niile kwurịtara banyere mkpa ọ dị imeri ihe ịma aka nke nsogbu mbata site na imekọ ihe ọnụ na imekọ ihe ọnụ. <ref name=":1" /> Nzukọ ahụ ghọrọ mkpụrụ na ihe kpatara ya ka e nwetara ijeri euro 4.5 ka e mechara nzukọ ahụ. Ewepụtara ego ahụ iji chee ihu na ịlụso isi ihe ndị dị ka esemokwu na ịda ogbenye bụ isi ihe na-akpata mbupụ na ihe nkiri ahụ mechara gosipụta ezigbo nyocha nke etu esi achịkọta ma kesaa ego ndị e nwetara site na nzukọ ahụ iji mepụta. ngwugwu mweghachi maka ndị mbịara. <ref name=":1" /> == Ntụaka == Ihe na ihe nkiri ahụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ dabere na nzuko dị n'etiti ndị isi Africa na ndị Europe na Malta bụ ndị niile kwurịtara banyere mkpa ọ dị{{Reflist}} nkphqi9sn0logjovakrv5lnwsicj6ky 0 38333 692426 450958 2026-07-30T00:06:53Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 692426 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Women Only (4370246543).jpg|thumb|Ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-anọ naanị ]] Ebe naanị ụmụ nwanyị na-anọ bụ mpaghara ebe a na-anabata naanị ụmụ nwanyị (na ụfọdụ ụmụaka), yabụ na-enye ha ebe ha na-agaghị enwe mmekọrịta ha na ụmụ nwoke N'akụkọ ihe mere eme na n'ụwa nile, ọtụtụ omenala nwere, ma ọtụtụ ka nwere, ụfọdụ ụdị nkewapụ nwanyị. == Ebumnuche na nzụlite == Ebe ụmụ nwanyị <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Browne|first=Kath|title=Genderism and the Bathroom Problem: (re)materialising sexed sites, (re)creating sexed bodies|journal=Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography|date=Sep 2004|volume=11|issue=3|pages=331–346|doi=10.1080/0966369042000258668}}</ref>-anọ naanị bụ ụdị nkewa nwoke na nwanyị, a pụkwara ịkọwa omume ndị dị ka Ụlọ mposi ọha na eze naanị ụmụ nwanyị, ụgbọ ala ndị njem naanị ụmụ nwanyị na njem ọha ma ọ bụ ebe ụmụ nwanyị na'ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala site na iji okwu abụọ ahụ. A na-akpọ ha "oghere dị nchebe" mgbe ụfọdụ. Oghere ndị a anaghị aga n'enweghị ihe ịma aka. Ndị na-ahụ maka Ikike ụmụ nwoke amalitela ikpe iji nweta ohere ịnweta oghere ụmụ nwanyị, dịka ''Stopps v Just Ladies Fitness (Metrotown) Ltd'', gbasara mmega ahụ na Canada. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Murphy|first=Mary|title=FEMINIST SPIRITUALITY AND GENDER Lessons From Beyond Women-Only Space|journal=Communities|date=2014|volume=162|pages=38–72|url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94890559&site=ehost-live&scope=site|accessdate=10 May 2014}}</ref> ụmụ nwanyị trans, n'agbanyeghị okike iwu ha, na-abụkwa mgbe ụfọdụ esemokwu, ma site na ụkpụrụ omume ma site na echiche iwu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.juliaserano.com/outside.html|title=On the Outside Looking In|author=Julia Serano|authorlink=Julia Serano|accessdate=2013-01-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefword.org.uk/blog/2012/05/legalities_of_e|title=Legalities of excluding trans women from women only spaces|author=Julian Norman|date=22 May 2012|accessdate=2013-01-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/dec/07/feminist-troublemaker-film-festival|title=So I'm a feminist troublemaker for requesting some women-only space?|author=Julia Long|date=2012-12-07|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2013-01-08}}</ref>'N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ewelitere ajụjụ gbasara uru na izi ezi nke oghere ụfọdụ edobere maka ụmụ nwanyị. == Ebe obibi ụmụ nwanyị na obodo ndị kewara ekewa == Ọtụtụ ọdịbendị enweela ọdịnala nke ebe obibi dị iche maka ụmụ nwanyị nke ezinụlọ ("ebe obibi ụmụ nwanyị"); nke a na-aghọwanye ihe dị iche iche ka ụlọ ahụ buru ibu, na-eru n'ókè ya n'obí eze.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ihe atụ a ma ama bụ ma eleghị anya ndị nwunye, okwu Turkish, mana usoro yiri ya dị n'ebe ndị ọzọ, ma ka na-eme, n'ebe ụfọdụ. * Andaruni (n'ihe owuwu ọdịnala ndị Peshia na Iran) * Seraglio (Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman) * Zenana (South Asia) - ya mere, Ọrụ Zenana, na-enye nkwado ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ nwanyị kewara ekewa * Purdah (Ebe Ndịda Eshia) * Terem (Russia) * Ōoku (Japan) * Gynaeceum (Greece oge ochie) * Anthapura ma ọ bụ Antahpura (India) Ụfọdụ obodo na-ekewa ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze site na okike, dịka nkọwa ha banyere Islam na ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị si dị; ndị nkatọ na-akpọ Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ a site na usoro nke South Africa.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ihe atụ a kacha mara amara bụ Saudi Arabia (ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Saudi Arabia § nkewa mmekọahụ) na Iran (nkewa mmekọahụ na Iran, ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Iran). Usoro ndị ọzọ nke nkewa nwoke na nwanyị gụnyere Afghanistan (Ngwọta ndị Taliban maka ụmụ nwanyị) na Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS). == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Mmepụta nke feminism nke mbụ, gụnyere mgba ogologo oge maka votu (nhọpụta) - maka ịnweta agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ (na obodo ndị na-asụ Bekee), mere ka atụmatụ dị iche iche gbasaa ohere ụmụ nwanyị. * N'afọ 1910 na 1920, e nwere agbamume zuru oke na United States maka ịmepụta ụlọ ezumike ụmụ nwanyị na ụlọ ezumike iji nabata ụmụ nwanyị ime obodo ndị na-aga n'oche obodo na obodo ahịa iji mee azụmahịa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://digital.mtsu.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15838coll4/id/2591/rec/1|title=Ladies Rest Room: correspondence 2 :: Southern Places|work=digital.mtsu.edu|accessdate=13 February 2018}}</ref>Ụlọ ezumike ụmụ nwanyị na Lewisburg, Tennessee, nwere ike ịbụ nke ikpeazụ kwụụrụ onwe ya na steeti ahụ ka na-eji. * <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Freedman|first=Paul|date=2014-09-01|title=Women and Restaurants in the Nineteenth-Century United States|url=https://academic.oup.com/jsh/article-abstract/48/1/1/947457/Women-and-Restaurants-in-the-Nineteenth-Century|journal=Journal of Social History|volume=48|issue=1|pages=1–19|doi=10.1093/jsh/shu042|issn=0022-4529}}</ref> ordinary ụmụ nwanyị bụ ebe iri nri naanị ụmụ nwanyị nke malitere ịpụta na họtel na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ North America site na 1830, mgbe ọ bụ ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ụmụ nwanyị iri nri n'ihu ọha na-enweghị onye na-eso ya. * <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fth.sagepub.com/content/17/1/43.full.pdf+html|title=Because They're Worth It! Making Room for Female Students and Thealogy in Higher Education Contexts|work=fth.sagepub.com|accessdate=2016-10-24}}</ref>'afọ 1929, Virginia Woolf bipụtara edemede nwere mmetụta nke akpọrọ "A Room of One's Own". [1] == Ihe Nlereanya ==   Ebe, ebe, na ihe omume nwere ike inye ụmụ nwoke oge ụfọdụ n'ụbọchị, izu, ma ọ bụ afọ; dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ ịsa ahụ ọha na eze nwere ụbọchị ụfọdụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụfọdụ maka ụmụ nwoke. Ụfọdụ na-ahapụ ụmụaka, ma ọ bụ naanị ụmụ agbọghọ ma ọ bụ ma nwoke ma nwanyị. Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ohere ka ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị nọ n'ebe ahụ dị iche na ibe ha. Ụfọdụ na-adị nwa oge (dịka ọmụmaatụ ịgbazinye ụlọ maka awa ole na ole ma ọ bụ ụbọchị ole na ole). === Azụmaahịa na ọrụ === * Ụlọ akụ naanị ụmụ nwanyị ** Hụkwa kitty party, otu klọb na-echekwa ego * N'ime ndepụta mba ụwa nke òtù ụmụ nwanyị, ụfọdụ nwere ụlọ nke ha; ndị ọzọ dị ka Women's Institute na-enye ndị otu ha ohere naanị ụmụ nwanyị maka oge nzukọ ahụ * Ebe Ndị Obodo na-elekwasị anya na ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka Ụlọ Ụmụ nwanyị na San Francisco na Pankhurst Centre na Manchester * Ụlọ ahịa mmekọahụ na-enye ụmụ nwanyị nri, dị ka Sh! Ebe Ndị Nwanyị Na-ahụ Maka Mmekọahụ * Ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịnwe oge ụmụ nwanyị naanị na oge ndị nwoke na nwanyị * Ogige ntụrụndụ ụmụ nwanyị * Ebe ezumike dị ka SuperShe Island<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://supersheisland.com/|title=SuperShe Island|date=Spring 2018|work=SuperShe|accessdate=4 June 2018|archivedate=4 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604021415/https://supersheisland.com/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/13/finlands-supershe-island-resort-doesnt-allow-men.html|title=After working in a world of 'tech bros,' this woman founded a female-only island|author=Berger|first=Sarah|date=15 April 2018|work=[[CNBC]]|publisher=[[NBCUniversal]]|accessdate=4 June 2018}}</ref> * <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/4412006-travel-la-spa-days-can-stretch-night|title=Travel: In L.A., spa days can stretch into night|accessdate=4 March 2018}}</ref> [1] (lee ngalaba gbasara ịsa ahụ ọha na eze, n'okpuru) === Ebe a na-eme egwuregwu === * Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), ugbu a ọ bụ òtù zuru ụwa ọnụ maka agụmakwụkwọ na ikike mmadụ, bụ nke a maara nke ọma maka ọtụtụ iri afọ maka ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ebe mmega ahụ ya, lee Ndepụta nke ụlọ YWCA * Akara ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ ụlọ mmega ahụ kwụ otu ebe na-ahọrọ iji lekọta ụmụ nwanyị, ọmụmaatụ dịka Total Woman <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.healthclubmanagement.co.uk/health-club-management-news/Town-Sports-International-acquires-Total-Woman-Gym-and-Spa-chain/336524|title=Town Sports International acquires Total Woman Gym and Spa chain|author=Walker|first=Tom|date=26 February 2018|work=Health Club Management|accessdate=16 May 2018}}</ref> === Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ebe obibi ndị ọzọ === * ụfọdụ <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/621260/Singapore-hotel-dedicates-floor-to-women|title=Singapore hotel dedicates floor to women|work=Stuff|accessdate=4 March 2018}}</ref>-enye ala naanị ụmụ nwanyị <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.intheblack.com/articles/2018/03/01/smart-hotels-catering-to-women|title=How smart hotels are catering to women and small business travellers|work=intheblack.com|accessdate=4 March 2018}}</ref> * <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/spain/majorca/articles/first-women-only-hotel-spain-majorca-som-dona/|title=Sun, sea and sisterhood: Inside Som Dona, Spain's first women-only hotel|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=27 September 2019|accessdate=10 August 2020}}</ref> ọzọ <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21645231-more-public-places-are-catering-women-only-no-men-allowed|title=No men allowed!|date=26 February 2015|work=The Economist|accessdate=4 March 2018}}</ref> azụmahịa niile (dịka "ebe ezumike obodo" na spa Luthan Hotel na Riyadh [1] na Som Dona na ezumike ezumike nke Majorca [2]) * <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/women-only-capsule-hotels-sprout-in-tokyo/|title=Women-only Capsule Hotels sprout in Tokyo|date=23 February 2018|work=Medill Reports Chicago|accessdate=4 March 2018}}</ref>Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ capsule na Japan [1] * họtel obibi nyere ebe obibi maka ọnwa na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ afọ, ọkachasị maka ụmụ agbọghọ na-alụbeghị di ** <ref>{{Cite news|title=When the Barbizon Gave Women Rooms of Their Own|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/03/08/when-the-barbizon-gave-women-rooms-of-their-own|accessdate=22 June 2021|work=The New Yorker}}</ref> Hotel for Women, nke meghere na 1927 na Manhattan, abụghị nke mbụ mana ọ ga-abụ ihe atụ a ma ama, [1] nke akọwapụtara n'akwụkwọ 2021 The Barbizon: The Hotel That Set Women Free''The Barbizon: Ụlọ nkwari akụ nke Na-eme ka Ụmụ nwanyị Nwere Onwe'' * Ebe obibi ogologo oge e wuru maka ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ naanị ha ** Dịka ọmụmaatụ, blọk ndị ahụ e wuru na 1920s site na Lady Workers' Homes Limited na Holly Lodge Estate na Highgate, n'ebe ugwu London. * Ụlọ Sorority, maka ụmụ akwụkwọ kọleji === Njem === * Ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-adọba ụgbọala * Rikọ na-acha pinki pinki * Ụgbọala ndị njem naanị ụmụ nwanyị ** n'ụgbọ oloko: Brazil, Egypt, India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, South Korea, Philippines, Thailand, UAE (Rush Hour) <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-26|title=Women-only carriages around the world: do they work?|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/26/women-only-train-carriages-around-the-world-jeremy-corbyn|accessdate=2022-10-12|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> ** <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kathmandu|first=Agence France-Presse in|date=2015-01-05|title=Kathmandu trials women-only minibuses to tackle sexual assault|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/05/kathmandu-trials-women-only-minibuses-nepal|accessdate=2022-10-12|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Malaysia, Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, UAE <ref>{{Cite web|author=Woolsey|first=Barbara|title=These 5 cities have women-only transportation options|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/roadwarriorvoices/2015/11/12/these-5-cities-have-women-only-transportation-options/83273564/|accessdate=2022-10-12|work=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref> ** <ref>{{Cite web|author=Woolsey|first=Barbara|title=These 5 cities have women-only transportation options|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/roadwarriorvoices/2015/11/12/these-5-cities-have-women-only-transportation-options/83273564/|accessdate=2022-10-12|work=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref>: Egypt (Cairo), Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur), India (Kerala), Pakistan (Karachi), UAE (Dubai) === Klọb ụmụ nwanyị === nke nwere ma ọ bụ nwere ụlọ nke ha (nke yiri Klọb ụmụ nwoke), na n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ihe omume netwọk <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/jan/04/rise-single-sex-clubs-societies|title=No boys allowed: the rise of single-sex clubs and societies|author=Williams|first=Zoe|date=4 January 2013|work=the Guardian|accessdate=18 March 2018}}</ref> * lee Ndepụta nke ụlọ klọb ụmụ nwanyị dị ka akụkụ nke klọb ndị inyom USMgbasa ozi nke ụmụ nwanyị === Ememe === Ọtụtụ ememe, ọkachasị gburugburu emume nke ịgafe, na-eme site n'aka nwa agbọghọ ma ọ bụ nwanyị na ndị ikwu ya na ndị enyi ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọtụtụ ọdịbendị nwere oriri tupu agbamakwụkwọ maka nwanyị a na-alụ ọhụrụ, na ọdịbendị ọdịda anyanwụ a maara dị ka abalị ọkụkọ ma ọ bụ oriri bachelorette. Ememe maka nwanyị dị ime bụ ịsa ahụ nwa, nke ndị enyi nwanyị na ezinụlọ na-agakarị. === Ụlọ a na-agbanwe agbanwe === Ebe a na-agbanwe uwe ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ maka ntụrụndụ (n'ụlọ mgbatị ahụ, ebe igwu mmiri, ma ọ bụ osimiri), ma ọ bụ maka ọrụ (ụlọ mkpuchi na ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọgwụ), ma ọ bụ mgbe ị na-azụ ahịa (ụlọ ahịa na-adaba adaba), na-abụkarị nwoke na nwanyị. Ụfọdụ nwere cubicles n'otu n'otu, ebe ndị ọzọ na-enye naanị akụrụngwa obodo, dịka. oghere nwere oche na mkpuchi. === Ihe omume ọdịnala === * Michigan Womyn's Music Festival (mechiri mgbe afọ 40 gasịrị na 2015) * Ememme Nyansapo, ememme Afro-feminist na Paris na 2017 * Mountain Moving Coffeehouse, abalị egwu kwa izu na Chicago (1974-2005) * Race for Life, ihe omume ọrụ ebere nke Britain nke na-akpata ego maka ọrịa kansa * Ngagharị iwe na ime ememe, dị ka Take Back the Night na Dyke MarchNjem Dyke * Yamurikuma, emume mgbanwe nke nwoke na nwanyị nke ụfọdụ agbụrụ Xingu * The Fainting Club, klọb nri abalị a kọwara dị ka klọb ụmụ nwoke ochie maka ụmụ nwanyị Enwere otutu mmemme, ogbako, wdg na-elekwasị anya na mmezu nke ụmụ nwanyị na ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị, ma kwe ka onye ọ bụla gaa, site na Mgbakọ Rọshịa Ụmụ nwanyị Rochester nke 1848 ruo taa nke ụmụ nwanyị nke World Festival. === Mmụta === * Ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị, ya bụ agụmakwụkwọ nwoke na nwanyị, hụkwa Category:Girls' schoolsỤdị:Ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị * Kọleji na mahadum ụmụ nwanyị * Ịchụcha ụlọ akwụkwọ * Ụmụ nwanyị Mgbe ndị Taliban machibidoro agụmakwụkwọ iwu, ụlọ akwụkwọ nzuzo malitere, dị ka Golden Needle Sewing School maka ndị edemede iji kwurịta ọrụ ha na nzuzo. === Nlekọta ahụike === N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ụfọdụ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike maka ụmụ nwanyị (karịsịa n'ihe gbasara ịmụ nwa) bụ ndị ọrụ nwanyị. Ka ụmụ nwanyị na-enweta ohere agụmakwụkwọ na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ụlọ ọgwụ were ndị dọkịta nwanyị n'ọrụ maka ndị ọrịa nwanyị; ndị nọọsụ n'oge a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụmụ nwanyị. * A na-akpọ Elizabeth Garrett Anderson na Obstetric Hospital aha otu n'ime ndị dọkịta nwanyị mbụ na Britain * London School of Medicine for Women, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike mbụ zụrụ ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị dọkịta N'oge nke abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị, ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike guzobere Ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị na United States. Ebe ụfọdụ bụ maka ụmụ nwanyị si n'otu nzụlite, dị ka Native American Women's Health Education Resource Center. Ụfọdụ ebe nlekọta zuru oke bụ maka ndị nne na ụmụ ha, dị ka Nkosi's Haven na South Africa. === Ala na ebe obibi === [[Usòrò:Famille.jpg|thumb|Ezinụlọ dị n'èzí ụlọ ha n'obodo Umoja]] * Womyn's land, stemming from separatist feminism of the 1970s, e.g. Amazon Acres in Australia ** A precursor to this is the Woman's Commonwealth, founded in Texas in the late 1870s by a women's bible study group * Anti-war activism such as Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp in the UK and Seneca Women's Encampment for a Future of Peace and Justice in the US * Umoja, Kenya, a village of women and children fleeing domestic violence * Jinwar, Syria, a village for women without a husband and their children * Women's shelter, a place of temporary accommodation for women fleeing domestic violence, e.g. Vancouver Rape Relief &amp;amp; Women's Shelter * Some homeless shelters are just for women, e.g. Rosie's Place * Most Rape crisis centres{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=rape crisis centre {{!}} European Institute for Gender Equality|url=https://eige.europa.eu/publications-resources/thesaurus/terms/1424?language_content_entity=en|work=eige.europa.eu|accessdate=2025-06-14|language=en}}</ref> * Attukal Pongala - emume Hindu na Kerala, [[Ndia|India]] * Thesmophoria na Gris oge ochie * Jivitputrika * Karva Chauth, nke ụmụ nwanyị Hindu na Northern India na-eme ememe [nkọwa dị mkpa]  === Ebe okpukpe === * Ụlọ alakụba ụmụ nwanyị, nke dịla kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ na China; na narị afọ nke 21, e mepụtara ihe atụ ọhụrụ gburugburu ụwa * N'ozuzu, oghere ụmụ nwanyị n'ọtụtụ ụlọ alakụba, lee nkewa nwoke na nwanyị n'ụlọ alakụbaNkewa nke nwoke na nwanyị n'ụlọ alakụba * Nkewa nwoke na nwanyị n'okpukpe ndị Juu, dịka ọmụmaatụ ''mechitza'' eji eme ihe iji kewaa ohere ụmụ nwanyị n'ụlọ nzukọ * Ebe obibi ndị nọn, ebe obibi ndị nọọsụ Ndị Kraịst * Ebe obibi ndị mọnk abụọ, nwere ohere dị iche maka ndị mọnki (ndị ikom) na ndị nọn (ndị inyom) * Beguinage, ebe obibi ụmụ nwanyị niile na Low Countries (Belgium na Netherlands)   Ọtụtụ egwuregwu na-atọ ụtọ na ọtụtụ egwuregwu ọkachamara na-ekewa site na mmekọahụ. === Ụlọ mposi === N'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mba niile, a na-ekewa Ụlọ mposi ọha na eze site na mmekọahụ. == Hụkwa ==   == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] e9z9e9iqno3t9esa1bjx34e073lu592 0 38335 692330 538107 2026-07-29T19:36:59Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692330 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Felix Ugo Omokhodion''' (amụrụ 27 Eprel 1986) bụ onye [[Ndị Naijiria|omere]], onye nlere na onye na-eme ihe nkiri . A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na 2006 Tajudeen Adepetu mepụtara usoro telivishọn ''One Love'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2015/07/fast-rising-nollywood-actor-felix.html|title=Fast rising Nollywood actor Felix Omokhodion blazing in the spotlight!|publisher=Linda Ikeji's Blog|date=17 July 2015|accessdate=5 October 2021}}</ref> yana ihe ngosi ya nke agwa ''Tubosun'' na ihe nkiri ''Celebrity Marriage'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/04/celebrity-marriage.html|title=Celebrity Marriage|work=Nollywood Reinvented|accessdate=7 July 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://xplorenollywood.com/celebrity-marriage-takes-on-domestic-violence-the-secrets-that-follow-celebrities/|title=Celebrity Marriage Takes on Domestic Violence: The Secrets that Follow Celebrities|work=XploreNollywood|accessdate=7 July 2019}}</ref> nke mekwara [[Tonto Dikeh]] . [[Jackie Appiah]], [[Kanayo O. Kanayo|Kanayo O Kanayo]], [[Odunlade Adekola]], [[Toyin Abraham]] na Roselyn Ngissah, maka nke a họpụtara ya dị ka ''Best Supporting Actor Male'' na Zulu African Film Academy Awards 2018, nke e mere na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/53162/full-list-of-nominees-for-2018-african-film-zafaa-awards-u.html|title=Full List of Nominees for 2018 African Film Awards|work=ModernGhana|accessdate=7 July 2019}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Omokhodion na [[Lagos Island]], Nigeria na 27 Eprel 1986. A mụrụ ya na nna ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu, Felix Omokhodion si [[Ȯra Edo|Edo State]] na nne ya Victoria Obiageli Nwughala si [[Ọ̀hà Ímò|Imo State]] . Mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ, nne na nna ya kewapụrụ, ya na nne ya tolitere n'ụlọ nne na-azụ ụmụ. Ọ bụ nwa mbụ nna ya mụrụ na otu nwa nne ya mụrụ. <ref name="nation">{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/five-things-you-didnt-know-about-nollywoods-felix-ugo-omokhodion/|title=Five things you didn’t know about Nollywood’s Felix Ugo Omokhodion|work=TheNationOnline|accessdate=7 July 2019}}</ref> Omokhodion nwere akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na M & K Nursery na Primary School, Ojodu [[Lagos]], n'oge ahụ ọ malitere igosi mmasị na-eme ihe na igosi azụmahịa, n'ihi na ọ na-emekarị ka ya na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-eme ihe, mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. <ref name="punchy">{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/nigeria-needs-stronger-institutions-for-film-distribution-felix-ugo-omokhodion/|title=Nigeria needs stronger institutions for film distribution – Felix Ugo Omokhodion|work=PunchOnline|accessdate=7 July 2019}}</ref> Omokhodion gụrụ Science Science na [[Mahadum nke Ȯra Lagos|Lagos State University]], Ojo [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos]] wee mụọ Method Acting na Lees Strasberg Film Institute [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, CA.]] <ref name="fpf">{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/felix-omokhodion-set-to-launch-fpf-productions/|title=Felix Omokhodion set to launch FPF Productions|work=PunchOnline|accessdate=7 July 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum, Omokhodion malitere ọrụ ịme ngosi ya wee sonye na mkpọsa maka Coca-Cola, Haier Thermocool, MTN na ụdị Nigeria ole na ole ndị ọzọ ama ama. <ref name="nation" /> O nwetara ọrụ ihuenyo mbụ ya dị ka mgbakwunye na Movie ''Love In Totality'', nke na-eme Yomi Black na [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde]] . N'afọ 2006, Omokhodion gara emume ngosi maka ọrụ [[Africa Independent Television|n'usoro ihe onyonyo AIT]] ọhụrụ akpọrọ ''One Love'' nke Tajudeen Adepetu mebere wee tinye ya n'ọrụ mbụ ya dị ka "Biodun", ọrụ ọ gara n'ihu rụọ ruo afọ asaa <ref name="fpf">{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/felix-omokhodion-set-to-launch-fpf-productions/|title=Felix Omokhodion set to launch FPF Productions|work=PunchOnline|accessdate=7 July 2019}}</ref> n'akụkụ Tony Umole, Vivian Anani na Joshua Richard. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Omokhodion gara n'ihu rụọ ọrụ ama ama na usoro onyonyo ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''The Maze'' nke Acho Yusuf duziri, ''Ebe Bella'' Mepụtara site na Deborah Odutayo, ''Portraits of Passion'' co-starring [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]], ''Emerald'' nke Dapo Ojo mepụtara, ''nkeji iri atọ'' mepụtara nke Dapo Ojo wee dee ya. Biodun Stephen, Super Story's ''Corporate ohi'' Mepụtara site na [[Wale Adenuga]] nke [[Wale Adenuga Production|WAP TV]], EbonyLife's Short Series ''House Madam Sarah's House'' Mepụtara site na [[Mo Abudu]], na ''NECTAR'' Mepụtara Sola Sobowale. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Na 2016, mgbe afọ iri nke kpakpando na-emekarị na usoro telivishọn, Omokhodion malitere ịmalite na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri zuru oke, nke malitere na ihe nkiri 2016, ''The Engagement'' . <ref name="nation">{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/five-things-you-didnt-know-about-nollywoods-felix-ugo-omokhodion/|title=Five things you didn’t know about Nollywood’s Felix Ugo Omokhodion|work=TheNationOnline|accessdate=7 July 2019}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu na-egosi na fim ndị ọzọ ama ama gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ igbe na-aga nke ọma, ''Celebrity Marriage'' . Ngosipụta ya nke agwa ''James'' na ihe nkiri ''ihe m kpọrọ asị gbasara gị'' na-arụkọ ọrụ [[Jackie Appiah]], Calista Okorokwo mere ka a họpụta ya na ngalaba nke ''Best Actor African Movie Collaboration'' na mbipụta 2018 nke [[Ihe nrite ihe nkiri Ghana|Ghana Movie Awards]] . <ref name="nation" /> <ref name="ghbase">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ghbase.com/2018-ghana-movie-awards-full-list-of-nominees/|title=2018 Ghana Movie Awards: Full List Of Nominees|work=Ghbase|accessdate=7 July 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, Omokhodion wepụtara mmepụta ihe nkiri izizi ya na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nkiri ọhụrụ ya, FPF Productions akpọrọ ''Muddled'' na sinima n'ofe Nigeria. Ihe nkiri a nwere ọtụtụ ndị ama ama na Naijiria gụnyere [[Kunle Remi]] na [[Belinda Effah]], nke Best Okoduwa duziri <ref name="indy">{{Cite news|title=Felix Ugo Omokhodion Comes Through With Muddled|url=https://www.independent.ng/felix-ugo-omokhodion-comes-through-with-muddled/|author=Lawal|first=Boluwatife|date=16 February 2020|work=Independent Newspaper|accessdate=17 February 2020}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nnabata == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ihe omume ! Ihe nrite ! onye nnata ! Nsonaazụ |- | 2015 | Nigerian Model Achiever Awards | Ihe Nlereanya Na-ebili ngwa ngwa/Onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke afọ | ''Felix Ugo Omokhodion'' |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="4" | 2018 | rowspan="2" | City People Entertainment Awards | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma maka afọ <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nominees For 2018 City People Movie Awards [FULL LIST]|url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/nominees-for-2018-city-people-movie-awards-full-list/|author=Ekwueme|first=Reginald|date=8 September 2018|work=City People Online|accessdate=7 July 2019}}</ref> | ''Felix Omokhodion'' |{{Nom}} |- | Ihe nkiri ọhụrụ kacha mma nke afọ | ''Felix Omokhodion'' |{{Nom}} |- | Ihe nrite ihe nkiri Ghana 2018 | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'Africa | ''Felix Omokhodion (Ihe m kpọrọ gị asị)'' |{{Nom}} |- | Zulu African Film Academy Awards (United Kingdom 2018) | Onye na-akwado nkwado kacha mma - Nwoke | ''Felix Omokhodion (alụmdi na nwunye ama ama)'' |{{Nom}} |- | 2019 | Ihe nrite Nollywood (BON) kacha mma | Mkpughe nke Afọ <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nominees For 2019 BON Awards [FULL LIST]|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2019-here-are-the-winners-of-11th-edition-in-kano/kdvbnj0|author=Bada|first=Gboyega|date=14 December 2019|work=PulseNG Online|accessdate=17 December 2019}}</ref> <ref name="indy">{{Cite news|title=Felix Ugo Omokhodion Comes Through With Muddled|url=https://www.independent.ng/felix-ugo-omokhodion-comes-through-with-muddled/|author=Lawal|first=Boluwatife|date=16 February 2020|work=Independent Newspaper|accessdate=17 February 2020}}</ref> | ''Felix Ugo Omokhodion'' |{{Won}} |- | 2022 | Nigeria Achievers' Awards | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma nke afọ <ref name="wind">{{Cite news|title=Omokhodion Wins Best Lead Act At Coal City Film Festival Awards|url=https://independent.ng/omokhodion-wins-best-lead-act-at-coal-city-film-festival-awards/|author=Adebola|first=Bolatito|date=22 April 2023|work=Daily Independent|accessdate=22 April 2023}}</ref> | ''Felix Ugo Omokhodion'' |{{Won}} |- | 2023 | Coal City Film Festival Awards | Iwu ndu kacha mma <ref name="wind" /> | ''Felix Ugo Omokhodion'' |{{Won}} |- |} == Ihe nkiri == [[Usòrò:Felix_Omokhodion_on_the_set_of_Try_Again.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Felix Ugo Omokhodion (etiti) na set nke ''Gbalịa Ọzọ'']] === Usoro ihe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Onye nduzi ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2008-2012 | Otu ịhụnanya | Biodun(Lead) | Kingsley Omoefe | Usoro ndu ndu/TV nke Tajudeen Adepetu mebere |- | 2008 | The Maze | Bryan (onye ndu) | Achor Yusuf | Ihe nkiri Igwe onyonyo |- | 2012-2015 | Akụkụ abụọ nke otu mkpụrụ ego | Eche | Daniel Ademinokan na Damijo Efe Young | Usoro Sub-Lead/TV |- | 2014-2016 | Nectar | Bay | Tunde Olaoye | Usoro Sub-Lead/TV |- | 2015 | Akụkọ kacha - Ndị ohi ụlọ ọrụ | Osas | Bolaji Dawodu | Nkebi-edu/usoro |- | 2015 | Na-eto eto | | Chris Enjiji | Ihe nkiri Igwe onyonyo |- | 2013-2015 | Nkwughachi | | Dickson Dzakpasu | Ihe nkiri Igwe onyonyo |- | 2013-2015 | Ebe Bella | Johnson | Greg Odutayo | Ihe nkiri Igwe onyonyo |- | 2015 | Ụlọ Madam Sarah | | Dickson Dzakpasu | Usoro ihe onyonyo EbonyLife |- | 2016 | Echi bụ Ugbu a | | Tunde Olaoye | Usoro ihe nkiri |- | 2016 | Ebe esi nri | | Victor Okpala | Usoro ndu/ihe onyonyo |- | 2017 | Nkeji iri atọ | | Dapo Ojo | Usoro ndu/ihe onyonyo |- | 2018 | Grail Nsọ | | Innocent Chukwuma | Ihe nkiri Igwe onyonyo |- |} === Ihe nkiri eji eme ihe ===   == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Omokhodion, Felix Ugo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ll2g2othxh76myzl9jejvuqt2clw9up 0 38642 692428 673896 2026-07-30T01:36:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Zari Shem|image=File:Zari Hassan.jpg|image_size=|caption=Zari Hassan|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1978|09|23}}|birth_place=[[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]], Uganda|death_date=|death_place=|nationality=Ugandan|citizenship=Uganda|alma_mater=Institution in London<br/>{{small|([[Cosmetology|Diploma in Cosmetology]])}}|occupation=[[Businesswoman]], [[socialite]]|years_active=1992—present|spouse={{marriage|late [[Ivan Semwanga]]|2001|2013|end=divorced}}}} <ref name="4R">{{Cite web|work=Ugandaonline.net|date=2 June 2017|url=http://www.ugandaonline.net/201726_zari_speaks_out_on_cause_of_death|title=Zari reveals her last moments with ex-husband, Ivan Semwanga|accessdate=20 February 2018|author=Uganda Online|archivedate=21 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221100228/http://www.ugandaonline.net/201726_zari_speaks_out_on_cause_of_death}}</ref>'''Zarinah Hassan''' ( Furya ya na 23 September 1978), nke a ma ara nke ọma dị ka Zari Hassan, nke a na-akpọ Zari the Boss Lady, bụ onye Uganda, onye na-eti egwu, onye ọchụnta ego na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. , onye bi na South Africa, ebe ọ na-azụ aha. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Rich-Gang-Ivan-Semwanga-dies/812796-3941046-j5pw4qz/index.html|title=Rich Gang's Ivan Semwanga dies|date=25 May 2017|work=[[Daily Monitor]]|accessdate=7 November 2021|author=Daily Monitor Reporter}}</ref> <ref name="3R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/|title=Zari Hassan Still Making Boss Moves|work=Varcity Kenya|date=13 February 2018|author=Esther Mwaniki|accessdate=7 November 2021|archivedate=7 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121240/https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nketa na Onye isi oche nke Brooklyn City College (BCC), ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche nke South Africa, nke na-aga n'ihu nke ya na di ya nwụrụ anwụ Ivan Ssemwanga guzobere. BCC <ref name="7R">{{Cite web|work=Pulselive Kenya|url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/zari-hassan-in-jubilation-as-students-graduate-from-her-brooklyn-city-college-sa/2nqkk35|title=Zari Hassan over the Moon as Students graduate from her Brooklyn City College, SA|date=27 April 2021|author=Dennis Milimo|accessdate=7 November 2021}}</ref>-elekọta isi ụlọ akwụkwọ na Pretoria, ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ satellite na Polokwane, Durban, Johannesburg, Nelspruit, Vereeniging na Rustenburg. <ref name="5R">{{Cite web|work=[[New Vision]]|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1454841/zari-takes-ceo-ssemwanga-schools|title=Zari takes over as CEO of Ssemwanga's schools|date=6 June 2017|author=Musa Ssemwanga|accessdate=7 November 2021}}</ref> <ref name="6R">{{Cite web|url=https://newslexpoint.com/zari-stamps-ceo-late-ivans-schools/|title=Zari Hassan Stamps As The CEO Of The Late Ivan's Schools In SA|work=Newslex Point|date=6 January 2018|author=Bukejonah|accessdate=7 November 2021|archivedate=6 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106112312/https://newslexpoint.com/zari-stamps-ceo-late-ivans-schools/}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Hassan laghachiri n'ọ́bọ́dọ́ ya bụ Uganda n'afọ 2000, mgbe afọ abụọ gachara na United Kingdom. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara South Africa ebe ọ zutere ma lụọ Ivan Semwanga. <ref name="Seven">{{Cite web|url=http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/|title=Zari Hassan; The Definition of the Late Ivan Semwanga's Love Life|date=26 May 2017|accessdate=20 February 2018|publisher=Watchdoguganda.com|author=Watchdog Reporter|archivedate=11 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711212553/http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/}}</ref> Nwere ụmụ atọ. <ref name="Three">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/showbiz/The-truth-about-the-Diamond-Zari-and-Ivans-relationship/1950810-3943428-uf7ltjz/index.html|title=The truth about Diamond, Zari and Ivan's relationship|accessdate=20 February 2018|date=26 May 2017|author=Matiko|first=Thomas}}</ref> gbara alụkwaghịm na 2013 mgbe Hassan boro Semwanga ebubo imegbu ya. <ref name="Four">{{Cite web|accessdate=20 February 2018|url=http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/|title=Zari in hospital, Juju her ex-hubby Ivan Ssemwanga who is in critical condition|date=16 May 2016|first=William|author=Kasoba|publisher=Matookerepublic.om|archivedate=19 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519073023/http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/}}</ref>'ọnwa Mee afọ 2017. Semwanga nwere nnukwu ọrịa strok ma na bata ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ Steve Biko Academic Hospital. <ref name="2R"/> Nwụrụ na 25 Mee 2017. [1] E liri ya na Uganda.<ref name="Ten">{{Cite web|date=31 May 2017|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Hundreds-bid-farewell-to-Rich-Gang-s-Semwanga/688334-3948724-f3iuv6z/index.html|title=Hundreds bid farewell to Rich Gang's Semwanga|author=Derrick Wandera, Isaac Ssejjombwe & Lawrence Ogwal|accessdate=20 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="4R"/> olili ozu gasịrị, Hassan laghachiri South Africa iji jikwaa azụmahịa ya na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ di ya nwụrụ anwụ. <ref name="Mbuthia 2018">{{Cite web|author=Mbuthia|first=Geoffrey|title=Diamond denies rumours that Prince Nillan is not his son|work=Mpasho News|date=2018-05-11|url=https://mpasho.co.ke/diamond-denies-rumours-nillan-son/|accessdate=2018-11-19|archivedate=2018-11-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095415/https://mpasho.co.ke/diamond-denies-rumours-nillan-son/}}</ref><ref name="Aswani 2018">{{Cite web|author=Aswani|first=Nixon|title=Diamond Platnumz biography: facts you didn't know about the king of Wasafi|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2018-02-21|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/266426-diamond-platnumz-biography-facts-didnt-king-wasafi.html|accessdate=2018-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/zari-hassan-finally-divorces-diamond-platinumz-valentines-day/|title=Zari Hassan finally divorces Diamond Platnumz... on Valentine's Day|author=Musungu|first=Nahashon|date=2018-02-15|work=Nairobi News|accessdate=2018-04-05|language=en-US}}</ref> na onye na-ese ihe na Tanzania bụ [[Diamond Platnumz]] nwere ụmụ abụọ. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 39ch4rnkd7sg97rx0e7qxcuozkr3xl0 0 38676 692507 539284 2026-07-30T09:14:52Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Fatima Ibrahim Shema''' (amụrụ na 1962) na Zaria, [[Ȯra Kaduna|Kaduna State]], [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . Ọ bụ nwunye mbụ na nwunye onye bụbu Gọvanọ Executive nke [[Ȯra Katsina|Katsina State]], [[Ibrahim Shema|Alhaji Ibrahim Shehu Shema]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Kabir|first=Hajara Muhammad|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890820657|title=Northern women development|date=2010|isbn=978-978-906-469-4|location=[Nigeria]|pages=183|oclc=890820657}} [[Òtù:CS1 maint: location missing publisher]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-13|title=Katsina: Home Of Megalomaniac First Ladies|url=https://saharareporters.com/2013/01/13/katsina-home-megalomaniac-first-ladies|accessdate=2022-05-17|work=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-elekọta mmadụ na a na-akpọkarị ya Iron Lady </link> n'ihi àgwà siri ike na enweghị ndidi, e wee nye ya ihe nrite Nwunye Gọvanọ Kachasị Bara Uru na North-West. Fatima anaghị arụkọ ọrụ na gọọmentị kama kama ọ na-azụ ahịa nkeonwe ruo mgbe ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ na 2007. <ref name=":1" />{{Cite web|date=2013-10-18|title=Hajiya Fatima Ibrahim Shema: Hakuri sirrin nasarar rayuwa|url=https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/hajiya-fatima-ibrahim-shema-hakuri-sirrin-nasarar-rayuwa/|accessdate=2022-05-17|work=Aminiya|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Fatima na Zaria, Kaduna n'afọ 1962. Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya malitere na Ja'afaru Primary School na Sabon Gari Zaria, n'etiti 1969 na 1974. Ọ bụ nwata akwụkwọ na Government Girls Secondary School, Kawo Kaduna State n'etiti 1971 na 1981. O sonyezie na [[Katsina College of Arts, Science and Technology|Katsina College of Arts, Sayensị na Nkà na ụzụ]] a ma ama n'etiti 1981 na 1984. Ọ nwetara B.sc. Degree in Business Administration na [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Ahmadu Bello University Zaria]] . <ref name=":0" />{{Cite book|author=Kabir|first=Hajara Muhammad|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890820657|title=Northern women development|date=2010|isbn=978-978-906-469-4|location=[Nigeria]|pages=183|oclc=890820657}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKabir2010">Kabir, Hajara Muhammad (2010). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890820657 ''Northern women development'']. [Nigeria]. p.&nbsp;183. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-978-906-469-4|<bdi>978-978-906-469-4</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890820657 890820657].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Àtụ:Cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([[Atiri:CS1 isi: ebe na-efu onye nkwusa|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher]]</ref> <ref name=":1" />{{Cite web|date=2013-10-18|title=Hajiya Fatima Ibrahim Shema: Hakuri sirrin nasarar rayuwa|url=https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/hajiya-fatima-ibrahim-shema-hakuri-sirrin-nasarar-rayuwa/|accessdate=2022-05-17|work=Aminiya|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/hajiya-fatima-ibrahim-shema-hakuri-sirrin-nasarar-rayuwa/ "Hajiya Fatima Ibrahim Shema: Hakuri sirrin nasarar rayuwa"]. ''Aminiya''. 2013-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ bụ nwunye mbụ nke Katsina steeti site na 2007 ruo 2015 dị ka nwunye ma kwadokwa oke oganihu di ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ na-azụmaahịa anụ ọkụkọ na ịkụ azụ azụ . <ref name=":0" />{{Cite book|author=Kabir|first=Hajara Muhammad|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890820657|title=Northern women development|date=2010|isbn=978-978-906-469-4|location=[Nigeria]|pages=183|oclc=890820657}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKabir2010">Kabir, Hajara Muhammad (2010). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890820657 ''Northern women development'']. [Nigeria]. p.&nbsp;183. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-978-906-469-4|<bdi>978-978-906-469-4</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890820657 890820657].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Àtụ:Cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([[Atiri:CS1 isi: ebe na-efu onye nkwusa|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher]]</ref> Ọ malitere ntọala maka inye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka ike nke a kpọrọ "Service to Humanity". <ref name=":1" />{{Cite web|date=2013-10-18|title=Hajiya Fatima Ibrahim Shema: Hakuri sirrin nasarar rayuwa|url=https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/hajiya-fatima-ibrahim-shema-hakuri-sirrin-nasarar-rayuwa/|accessdate=2022-05-17|work=Aminiya|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/hajiya-fatima-ibrahim-shema-hakuri-sirrin-nasarar-rayuwa/ "Hajiya Fatima Ibrahim Shema: Hakuri sirrin nasarar rayuwa"]. ''Aminiya''. 2013-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> A kọrọ na Fatima chụrụ onye nlekọta na-ahụ maka mmiri na ịdị ọcha na [[Matazu Local Government|ọchịchị obodo Matazu]] na 27th Disemba, 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-15|title=An Iron and Fisty Lady|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/01/an-iron-and-fisty-lady/|accessdate=2022-05-17|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Fatima bụ nwunye onye bụbu Gọvanọ Katsina steeti Alhaji Ibrahim Shehu Shema ma ha mụrụ ụmụ anọ. <ref name=":0" />{{Cite book|author=Kabir|first=Hajara Muhammad|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890820657|title=Northern women development|date=2010|isbn=978-978-906-469-4|location=[Nigeria]|pages=183|oclc=890820657}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2013-10-18|title=Hajiya Fatima Ibrahim Shema: Hakuri sirrin nasarar rayuwa|url=https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/hajiya-fatima-ibrahim-shema-hakuri-sirrin-nasarar-rayuwa/|accessdate=2022-05-17|work=Aminiya|language=en}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == * Kabir, Hajara Muhammad, ''mmepe ụmụ nwanyị Northern'' . [Nigeria]. . [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890820657 890820657] . == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shema, Fatima Ibrahim}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t16kag7i53dwakh8hpgchcbu5stsyh9 0 38677 692500 154258 2026-07-30T09:08:49Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Fatima Faloye''' {{Audio|Yo-Fatima Faloye.ogg|Listen}} (amụrụ na Harlem, New York City), bụ onye Naijiria na Barbadian wee mụọ akwụkwọ na Dalton School na [[New York City]] yana Mahadum New York . Faloye nwetara ihe nrite onyonyo NAACP a na-achọsi ike maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-akwado pụtara ìhè na usoro ihe nkiri na 1996 maka ọrụ ya dị ka Chantel Tierney na ''New York Undercover'' . <ref>"'Waiting to Exhale' wins big at Image awards." ''Jet'' 89(24), April 29, 1996. pp. 58-62.</ref> Faloye nwekwara obere ọrụ na usoro ogologo na-agba ọsọ ''Iwu &amp;amp; Iwu'' . Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na fim dị mkpụmkpụ nke nọọrọ onwe ya dị ka onye nrụpụta ma na-agụ akwụkwọ ịkwaga n'oche onye isi. Nwa nwanne nna ya, Christian Faloye bụ onye na-edekọ ihe nkiri Hip Hop mara dị ka Ilacoin . == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|1463351}} {{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Faloye, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] loawq876wfwus8wpng4zctsyz5xmtuo 0 38921 692593 198515 2026-07-30T11:24:25Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Florence "Flo" Anthony''' bụ Onye na-ede akụkọ asịrị, onye na-elekọta redio, onye na'enye aka na TV na onye edemede. Ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ Afrika-Amerika nke na-ede maka ibe asịrị nke ''Philadelphia Sun''. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Armstrong|first=Jenice|title=On the go with Flo Anthony|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/jenice_armstrong/20140310_On_the_go_with_Flo_Anthony.html|accessdate=September 2, 2017|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=March 10, 2014}}</ref>Anthony <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/Flo-Anthony/410156921|title=Flo Anthony|work=Simon & Schuster|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-20}}</ref> na mpaghara East Harlem nke Obodo New York. == Akụkọ ndụ == Florence Anthony bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Howard.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dị ka onye mgbasa ozi maka akụkọ egwuregwu egwuregwu dị ka Muhammad Ali, Butch Lewis, Michael Spinks, Larry Holmes, Mike McCallum na Matthew Saad Muhammad; Anthony dere n'etiti akụkọ ntụrụndụ nke afọ 1980.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ọ ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ Afrika-Amerikan mbụ na-arụ ọrụ na kọlụm asịrị nke ''New York Post'',{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> yana onye America-Amerika mbụ deere kọlụm na National Examiner.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Onye ọkachamara na onye ọ bụla si [[Michael Jackson]] and O. J. Simpson to Whitney Houston na [[Donald Trump]], Anthony bụ onye nyere aka na ihe ngosi akwụkwọ akụkọ dị ka Inside Edition, Onye Insider na ihe ntụrụndụ n'abalị a.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} N'afọ ndị 1990, Anthony ghọrọ nwa agbọghọ na-agba asịrị na Ihe ngosi Ricki Lake, Ihe ngosi Rolonda Watts, Ihe ngosi Joan Rivers, Ihe ngosi Geraldo, ihe ngosi Sally Jessy Raphael, Ihe ngosi Tempestt Bledsoe, Ihe ngosi Gordon Elliott, gbaghara ma ọ bụ chefuo, Ihe ngosi Leeza Gibbons, Ihe ngosi Danny Bonaduce, Ihe ngosi Bertice Berry, Ihe ngosi Mark Walberg, Ihe ngosi Vicki Lawrence, na Ihe ngosi Maury Povich. Ọ bụkwa onye ọbịa na Court TV, MSNBC, Fox News Channel, CNN na HLN; na The Dini Petty Show na The Camilla Scott Show.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ruo oge isii, Anthony bụ onye na-enye aka na oge na-akwado E! Ihe ngosi asịrị nke ntụrụndụ, ihe ngosi akụkọ ntụrụndaka nke ndị na-ede akụkọ asịrị. Ọ pụtakwara na ''E! '' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1798965/|title=Flo Anthony|work=IMDb|accessdate=2019-11-20}}</ref>''Ezi Akụkọ Hollywood'' na-egosi ndị ama ama dị ka La Toya Jackson, Robin Givens, Janet Jackson, Whitney Houston, Bobby Brown na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Anthony na-aga n'ihu na-abụ ihe na-adịghị mma na mgbasa ozi. Ya na ụlọ ọrụ nke ya, Dottie Media Group LLC, Anthony nwere ihe ngosi redio abụọ, Asịrị Iji soro Flo na Flo Anthony's Big Apple Buzz, nke a na-ekesa na mmekorita ya na Superadio. Ihe karịrị nde mmadụ atọ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://superadio.com/gossip-on-the-go-with-flo/|title=Gossip on the Go with Flo|date=May 15, 2017|work=Superadio|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-20|archivedate=2019-08-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828133901/http://superadio.com/gossip-on-the-go-with-flo/}}</ref>-ege ntị na-anụ ihe ngosi ndị ahụ kwa ụbọchị n'ihe karịrị ahịa redio 20 na mba ahụ dum. {{DEFAULTSORT:Anthony, Flo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] b9vx0rwysoe5kyorjnsklbdfj6sym0p 0 38954 692411 656378 2026-07-29T23:30:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Yimon Aye''' ( Burmese </link> ; amuru 12 Julaị 1980 <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Council Decision 2012/98/CFSP of 17 February 2012 amending Decision 2010/232/CFSP renewing restrictive measures against Burma/Myanmar|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2012/98(1)/oj|accessdate=2022-08-05|work=Official Journal of the European Union|language=en}}</ref> na Burma ) bu onye America chemist na ihe omumu ihe omimi . Ugbu a ọ bụ osote prọfesọ kemịkalụ na EPFL . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=15 new professors appointed at the two Federal Institutes of Technology|url=https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/media-releases.msg-id-70805.html|accessdate=2022-02-11|work=www.admin.ch}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Aye biri ndụ ya na Bọma . Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ mmụta mahadum na kemistri na Mahadum Oxford wee nweta akara ugo mmụta nna ya na 2004. <ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2018-01-12|title=Interview with Dr.Yimon Aye Assistant Professor of Cornell University|url=https://www.myanmarinsider.com/interview-with-dr-yimon-aye-assistant-professor-of-cornell-university/|accessdate=2020-09-21|work=Myanmar Insider|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180927/https://www.myanmarinsider.com/interview-with-dr-yimon-aye-assistant-professor-of-cornell-university/}}</ref> O sonyeere Mahadum Harvard ka ya na David A. Evans mụọ kemịkalụ sịntetik, wee nweta PhD ya na 2009. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2017 WCC Rising Star Dr. Yimon Aye – Corn... {{!}} ACS Network|url=https://communities.acs.org/groups/wcc-newsletter/blog/2017/07/27/2017-wcc-rising-star-dr-yimon-aye-cornell-university|accessdate=2020-09-21|work=communities.acs.org|archivedate=2020-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808124907/https://communities.acs.org/groups/wcc-newsletter/blog/2017/07/27/2017-wcc-rising-star-dr-yimon-aye-cornell-university}}</ref> Ọ kwagara Massachusetts Institute of Technology dị ka onye otu Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation ka ya na JoAnne Stubbe rụọ ọrụ. N'ebe ahụ, ọ mere nnyocha n'ime usoro nhazi nke ribonucleotide reductase . <ref>{{Cite web|title=JoAnne Stubbe Research Group - MIT|url=http://web.mit.edu/biochemistry/people.htm|accessdate=2020-09-21|work=web.mit.edu}}</ref> Na 2012, ọ malitere dị ka osote prọfesọ na Cornell University, ebe ọ malitere ọrụ ya na redox-based cell signing na genome mmezi ụzọ. N'ime oge a, ọ mepụtara teknụzụ REX, ụzọ ọhụrụ iji kwado ọmụmụ ihe mgbaàmà na-egosi nrụgide nrụgide electrophile na-adịghị mma. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Poganik|first=Jesse R.|date=2019-02-11|title=Interrogating Precision Electrophile Signaling|journal=Trends in Biochemical Sciences|volume=44|issue=4|pages=380–381|doi=10.1016/j.tibs.2019.01.006|issn=0968-0004|pmid=30765181}}</ref> Teknụzụ REX bụ otu n'ime ụzọ mbụ iji mepụta njikọ kpọmkwem n'etiti mgbanwe protein dị elu site na molekul na-emeghachi omume na nzaghachi ala. <ref name=":1" /> Na 2018, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ osote kemịkalụ na EPFL . <ref name=":0"/> Kemgbe August 2018, ọ na-eduzi Laboratory of Electrophiles And Genome Operation (LEAGO) nke Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC) na EPFL . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Laboratory of electrophiles and genome operation|url=https://www.epfl.ch/labs/leago/|accessdate=2020-09-21|work=www.epfl.ch|language=en-GB|archivedate=2020-09-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925014334/https://www.epfl.ch/labs/leago/}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Nna Yimon Aye Soe Thein bụbu onye isi ọchịagha nke ndị agha mmiri Mianmaa . <ref>{{Cite web|title=ပြည်ခိုင်ဖြိုးကိုယ်စားလှယ်လောင်း ဝန်ကြီးဟောင်းများပိုင်ဆိုင်သည့် ကုမ္ပဏီများ|url=https://www.myanmar-now.org/mm/news/4553|accessdate=2022-02-17|work=Myanmar NOW|language=my}}</ref> O nwere otu nwanne, Aye Chan (b. 1973) na otu nwanne, Thida Aye (b. 1973). <ref name=":2"/> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Weebụsaịtị nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20190523090329/https://leago.epfl.ch/ Laboratory nke electrophiles na ọrụ genome] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] olly6olvvgccmact5rnaely8ssfmuzh 0 39539 692376 538891 2026-07-29T22:07:16Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692376 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Farida Mohamed''' (amụrụ 15 Jenụwarị 2002 na Alexandria ), <ref name="si"> bụ onye egwuregwu skwọsh ọkachamara nke Egypt. A maara Farida dị ka "Bazooka" maka ike ya na ihe mgbawa.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://psaworldtour.com/rankings/world_tour?g=women|title=PSA World Tour Rankings - The Professional Squash Association|work=psaworldtour.com|accessdate=2024-03-22|archivedate=2019-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331190639/https://psaworldtour.com/rankings/world_tour?g=women}}</ref> Dịka nke Julaị 2022, ọ họọrọ nọmba 15 n'ụwa . Ọ meriri asọmpi ọkachamara PSA Growthpoint South Africa Open nke afọ 2018, bụ nke bụ mpụta mbụ ya na njegharị ụwa PSA, meriri Menna Nasser ibe ya onye Ijipt n'ikpeazụ. <ref name="psaworldtour">{{Cite web|url=https://psaworldtour.com/tournaments/view/9329?tab=womens_results|title=Tournaments - Professional Squash Association|work=psaworldtour.com|accessdate=2018-08-11}}</ref> <ref name="squashinfo">{{Cite web|url=https://www.squashinfo.com/events/7793-womens-south-african-open-2018|title=Squash Info &#124; Women's South African Open 2018|work=Squash|accessdate=2018-08-11}}</ref> <ref name="squashsite">{{Cite web|url=http://www.squashsite.co.uk/2016/southafrican2018.htm|work=squashsite.co.uk|title=South African Open Squash 2018 Pretoria|accessdate=2018-08-11}}</ref> Nwanne ya nwanyị bụ onye ọkpụkpọ skwọsh ụmụ nwanyị Columbia Lions [[Habiba Mohamed Ahmed Aly Mohamed]] . Habiba gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Columbia klas nke 2022 na farida debanyere aha na Mahadum Columbia nke 2024 ma ọ na-egwu ugbu a na nọmba 1 na ndị otu ya na Columbia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Farida Mohamed - Women's Squash|url=https://gocolumbialions.com/sports/womens-squash/roster/farida-mohamed/13517|accessdate=2020-08-08|work=Columbia University Athletics|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mohamed, Farida}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] nh2l8mlw89svf50dyifxejeygh83fl2 0 39616 692379 156617 2026-07-29T22:13:23Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692379 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}}   '''Farida Hisham Osman''' ( Arabic </link> ; amuru 18 Jenuarị 1995) bu onye egwu egwu ndi Egypt nke puru iche na nru ububa na ihe omume freestyle. Ọ bụ onye mmeri ọla edo na Egwuregwu Africa niile na onye mmeri mba Egypt na onye ji ndekọ. Osman bụ nwanyị na-egwu mmiri kacha ọsọ na Egypt na Africa, Teri McKeever na-azụ ya ugbu a. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/collegesports/article/Cal-swim-star-Farida-Osman-going-to-Rio-for-8382511.php|title=Cal swim star Farida Osman going to Rio — for Egypt|work=San Francisco Chronicle|accessdate=15 August 2017}}</ref> Osman jigidere ndekọ mba ochie maka ihe omume urukurubụba, freestyle na azụ azụ, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Egyptian Swimming Records|url=http://www.esf-eg.org/pdf/records/records_2009-2010Apr_w.pdf|language=ar|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008220034/http://www.esf-eg.org/pdf/records/records_2009-2010Apr_w.pdf|archivedate=8 October 2010}}</ref> yana ndekọ ndị Africa na 50m na 100m nru ububa. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://swimswam.com/farida-osman-earns-egypts-first-ever-swimming-world-champs-medal/|title=Farida Osman Earns Egypts First Ever Swimming World Champs Medal|date=29 July 2017|work=SwimSwam|accessdate=15 August 2017}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == Nwa nke ndị dọkịta ezé Hisham Osman na Randa Elsalawy, a mụrụ Osman na Indianapolis, Indiana na 1995, ma zụlite na Cairo, Egypt. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://swimswam.com/bio/farida-osman/|title=Farida Osman Bio – SwimSwam|work=SwimSwam|accessdate=10 January 2017}}</ref> Ọ malitere igwu mmiri mgbe ọ dị afọ ise na Gezira Sporting Club ya na nwanne ya nwoke Ahmed. Osman malitere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ French Oasis dị na Cairo mana ọ gafere na Lycée Français du Caire nke ụlọ ọrụ Embassy France. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Cairo American College . == Ọrụ == Osman wepụtara ezumike site na igwu mmiri ka ọ gbasoo mmasị igwu mmiri ya. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu, ọ laghachiri n'egwu mmiri wee merie n'ọsọ 50m na 100m freestyle na utu aha mba nru ububa niile, na-enweta iko "Best Swimmer". Mgbe ọ dị afọ 12, a họpụtara ya ịnọchite anya Egypt na 11th Pan Arab Games na Cairo, Egypt. Ọ bụ onye egwuregwu kacha nta na otu ahụ wee soro na 50m, 100m freestyle, na 50m na 100m urukurubụba. Osman mebiri ndekọ Arab maka nru ububa 50m, ebe ọ bụ onye Egypt kacha nta na Arab nke meriri emume a wee mebie ndekọ ahụ. Ọ gbachara nke isii na nru ububa 100m. [[Usòrò:Kazan_2015_-_50m_butterfly_Farida_Osman.JPG|thumb|334x334px| Kazan 2015]] N'otu afọ ahụ ọ gbara asọmpi na All Africa Games wee gụchaa nke ise na 50m nru ububa na oge 28.95. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.juniorswimmer.com/results/published/5834.asp|title=All Africa Games Day 2|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20070502113340/https://www.juniorswimmer.com/results/published/5834.asp|archivedate=2 May 2007}}</ref> Osman gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya site na isonye na asọmpi mba ụwa dị iche iche, dị ka International Sindlefingen Swimming Competition (ISSC), bụ ebe ọ na-asọ mpi n'egwuregwu sprint niile na azụ azụ, urukurubụba, na freestyle. <ref>[http://www.swimrankings.net/index.php?page=athleteDetail&athleteId=18500486&pbest=2007 by GeoLogix AG, Switzerland]. </ref> O nwetara iko nke 2nd maka ndị sprinters kacha mma na asọmpi ahụ. Na 13, Osman gara United States maka ogige okpomọkụ, ebe ọ na-egwu mmiri maka Bear Swimming Team na Berkeley, California . Ọ sonye na asọmpi dị iche iche dịka RESLs, Junior Olympics, Sectionals, na Far Westerns <ref>[http://www.swimmingtimes.com/db/event.php?mti=10346&st=1&di=50&sx=F&c=Y Resl Championships 2008 – Women's 50yd Freestyle]. </ref> ebe ọ nọ na ebe iri kacha elu nke otu afọ ya. == Nnukwu rụzuru == === 3rd FINA Junior World Championship, Lima, Peru === Na 3rd FINA FINA World Junior Swimming Championship, nke e mere na Lima, Peru, Osman bụ otu n'ime ihe kacha tụrụ anya na asọmpi ahụ. N'oge ndekọ asọmpi nke obere ụwa nke 26.69, ọ ghọrọ onye mmeri nke obere ụwa na 50m nru ububa, tinye Egypt nke 11 na chaatị ndị na-enweta ihe nrite, ọkwa kachasị elu mba Africa ma ọ bụ Arab erutela ogologo oge. Na nru ububa 100m, Osman debere nke iri na ise na oge nke 1:02.18. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://championships.coloradotime.com/lima2011/110816S028.htm|title=Archived copy|accessdate=23 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330212704/http://championships.coloradotime.com/lima2011/110816S028.htm|archivedate=30 March 2012}}</ref> === 13th FINA World Championship, Rome, Italy === Na 13th FINA 2009 World Aquatic Championship, nke emere na Roma, Italy, Osman so na ndị na-egwu mmiri kacha nta na asọmpi ahụ. O tinyere 66th na 50m Freestyle, na-emechi 26.77. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2009/Roma2009/C74A_ResSummary_33_Heats_Women_50_Free.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806182737/http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2009/Roma2009/C74A_ResSummary_33_Heats_Women_50_Free.pdf|archivedate=6 August 2009|title=OMEGA Sports Live Timekeeping, Official Olympics Games Timekeeper}}</ref> O tinyekwara 50th na 50m Butterfly na oge nke 27.78, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2009/Roma2009/C74A_ResSummary_28_Heats_Women_50_Fly.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806182712/http://www.omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2009/Roma2009/C74A_ResSummary_28_Heats_Women_50_Fly.pdf|archivedate=6 August 2009|title=OMEGA Sports Live Timekeeping, Official Olympics Games Timekeeper}}</ref> na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-egwu mmiri kacha ọsọ n'ụwa maka ndị ọgbọ ya. Ọzọkwa, o debere 87th na 100m n'efu (59.45) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2009/Roma2009/C74A_ResSummary_22_Heats_Women_100_Free.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806182625/http://www.omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2009/Roma2009/C74A_ResSummary_22_Heats_Women_100_Free.pdf|archivedate=6 August 2009|title=OMEGA Sports Live Timekeeping, Official Olympics Games Timekeeper}}</ref> na 64th na 100m urukurubụba (1.03.21). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2009/Roma2009/C74A_ResSummary_1_Heats_Women_100_Fly.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806181908/http://www.omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2009/Roma2009/C74A_ResSummary_1_Heats_Women_100_Fly.pdf|archivedate=6 August 2009|title=OMEGA Sports Live Timekeeping, Official Olympics Games Timekeeper}}</ref> === 8th Junior African Championship, Mauritius === N'oge na-adịghị anya ka asọmpi ụwa gachara, Osman gara Mauritius ịnọchite anya Egypt na asọmpi 8th Junior Africa. O tinyere 1st na 50m freestyle, na-esetịpụ ndekọ Junior Africa ọhụrụ na oge 26.36. N'otu aka ahụ, na 50m Butterfly, mmemme ya kachasị ike, o mebiri ndekọ Junior Africa ọzọ na oge 27.60. N'ịbụ onye na-achị na mmemme sprinting, Osman merikwara ihe nrite ọla edo na 50m backstroke na oge ndekọ nke 31.04. N'ime mmemme ya ndị ọzọ, Osman nwetara nrite ọlaọcha na 100m nru ububa na oge 1:03.16, gbachara nke abụọ na Vanessa Mohr nke South Africa. N'ime 100m freestyle na 100m azụ azụ, Osman gụchara ọkwa nke atọ. === Olimpik oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2012 === Na 2012 Summer Olympics na London, United Kingdom, Osman nọchitere Egypt na 50m freestyle omume n'akụkụ onye otu ya Shehab Younis . Osman gụchara nke iri anọ na abụọ na oge 26.34. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418035134/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/os/farida-osman-1.html Farida Osman]. </ref> === 2013 World Aquatics Championship === Osman meriri n'asọmpi anọ na asọmpi mmiri mmiri nke ụwa nke 2013 na Barcelona, Spain. N'ụbọchị mbụ, Osman meriri n'ọsọ nru ububa 100m, gụchara nke iri abụọ na anọ na oge nke 59.85s. <ref>[http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010D020101032100FFFFFFFFFFFF02 Women's 100m Butterfly]. </ref> N'ụbọchị nke ise nke asọmpi, ọ sụrụ 100m freestyle mgbe ọ ji 56.84 gụchara nke iri anọ. <ref>[http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010D020101001500FFFFFFFFFFFF02 Women's 100m Freestyle]. </ref> N'ụbọchị nke isii nke asọmpi, Osman gụchara 11th na okpomọkụ nke mbinye aka ya, 50m nru ububa, ka ọ na-aga na ọkara nke ikpeazụ wee jiri akwụkwọ ndekọ African ọhụrụ 26.12 gwụ. <ref>[http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010D020101032001FFFFFFFFFFFF02 Women's 50m Butterfly]. </ref> Osman bụ onye Egypt mbụ tozuru oke maka asọmpi ikpeazụ n'asọmpị mmiri mmiri nke ụwa na akụkọ ntolite Egypt. Na 3 Ọgọstụ 2013, Osman gụchara 7th na ngwụcha nru ububa 50m nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere oge nke 26.17 maka Egypt. <ref>[http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010D020101032002FFFFFFFFFFFF02 Women's 50m Butterfly]. </ref> Nke a bụ ọkwa kachasị mma nke onye na-egwu mmiri ọdọ mmiri Egypt na nnukwu asọmpi mba ụwa. === 2017 FINA World Championship === Na 2017 FINA World Championship, Osman meriri Egypt wee merie ihe nlereanya ọla na ihe omume nru ububa 50m na ndekọ ọhụrụ Africa nke 25.39s. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fina.org/competition-detailed-results/17th-fina-world-championships-2017-women-50m-butterfly/event-1|title=2017 FINA WC 50m butterfly event results|work=fina.org|accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref> N'asọmpi 50m freestyle, o debere ndekọ ọhụrụ n'Africa na 24.62, nke nyere ya ọkwa nke itoolu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fina.org/competition-detailed-results/17th-fina-world-championships-2017-women-50m-freestyle/event-2|title=2017 FINA WC 50m freestyle event|work=fina.org|accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref> === Asọmpi igwu mmiri 2017 NCAA === Na asọmpi 2017 NCAA, Osman meriri ebe mbụ na 100 Yard urukurubụba. Ọ meriri ọnọdụ mbụ na 200 Yard freestyle relay na 200 Yard medley relay, nke ọ kwadoro ha abụọ. Ọ meriri ebe nke atọ na 400 Yard freestyle relay. === Egwuregwu Mediterranean 2018 === Na 2018 Mediterranean Games na Tarragona, Spain, Osman meriri Egypt na ihe anọ ma nweta ihe nrite atọ, ọla edo abụọ na otu ọlaọcha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.tarragona2018.cat/en/SWM/athlete/18010226|title=Tarragona 2018 athlete profile Farida Osman|work=results.tarragona2018.cat|accessdate=21 July 2018|archivedate=22 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722011705/http://results.tarragona2018.cat/en/SWM/athlete/18010226}}</ref> Na 50m freestyle, Osman meriri ihe nrite ọla edo site na ndekọ egwuregwu Mediterranean ọhụrụ nke 24.83s. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.tarragona2018.cat/en/SWM/results/W.50MFR-------------.FNL-.000100--|title=Tarragona 2018 Women 50m free style event|work=results.tarragona2018.cat|accessdate=21 July 2018|archivedate=28 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728172435/http://results.tarragona2018.cat/en/SWM/results/W.50MFR-------------.FNL-.000100--}}</ref> Osman meriri ihe nrite ọla edo na nru ububa 50m, jiri ndekọ egwuregwu Mediterranean ọhụrụ nke 25.48s. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.tarragona2018.cat/en/SWM/results/W.50MBF-------------.FNL-.000100--|title=Tarragona 2018 Women 50m butterfly event|work=results.tarragona2018.cat|accessdate=21 July 2018|archivedate=27 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627091515/http://results.tarragona2018.cat/en/SWM/results/W.50MBF-------------.FNL-.000100--}}</ref> Na nru ububa 100m, Osman meriri ihe nrite ọlaọcha na oge 58.51. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.tarragona2018.cat/en/SWM/results/W.100MBF------------.FNL-.000100--|title=Tarragona 2018 Women 100m butterfly event|work=results.tarragona2018.cat|accessdate=21 July 2018|archivedate=27 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827182111/http://results.tarragona2018.cat/en/SWM/results/W.100MBF------------.FNL-.000100--}}</ref> N'ọsọ 100m freestyle, Osman tozuru oke mana o soghị asọmpi ikpeazụ. Ọ bụ onye nke anọ kacha eme egwuregwu n'egwuregwu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.tarragona2018.cat/en/ALL/medals/multi-medallists|title=Tarragona 2018 Multi-Medalists|work=results.tarragona2018.cat|accessdate=21 July 2018|archivedate=22 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041212/http://results.tarragona2018.cat/en/ALL/medals/multi-medallists}}</ref> == Ihe kacha mma nkeonwe == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="7" |Ogologo usoro |- ! Ihe omume ! Oge ! Zute Aha ! Zute Obodo ! Zute Obodo ! Ụbọchị ! ndetu(s) |- | 50m freestyle | style="text-align:center;" | '''24.62''' | [https://www.fina.org/event/17th-fina-world-championships 2017 FINA World Championship] | Budapest |</img> Hungary | 29 Julaị 2017 | '''NR, AF''' |- | 100m freestyle | style="text-align:center;" | '''54.93''' | 2019 FINA World Championship | Gwangju |</img> South Korea | 25 Julaị 2019 | '''NR''' |- | 50m nru ububa | style="text-align:center;" | '''25.38''' | [https://www.fina.org/event/19th-fina-world-championships 2022 FINA World Championship] | Budapest |</img> Hungary | Ọnwa Isii 24, 2022 | '''NR''', '''AF''' |- | 100m nru ububa | style="text-align:center;" | '''57.66''' | 2022 FINA World Championship | Budapest |</img> Hungary | 19 Juun 2022 | '''NR''' |- | 50m n'azụ azụ | style="text-align:center;" | '''30.25''' | Egwuregwu Arab | Doha |</img> Qatar | Disemba 19, 2011 | '''NR''' |} == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == Akpọrọ ya aha onye egwuregwu kachasị mma nke nwanyị si Africa site na Association Of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) na 2017. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/egyptian-swimmer-farida-osman-named-best-african-female-athlete-2017/|title=Egyptian Swimmer Farida Osman named Best African Female Athlete of 2017 – Egypt Independent|date=4 November 2017|work=Egypt Independent|accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref> Enyere ya onyinye Mohamed Bin Rashed Al Maktoum Creative Sport Award maka mmezu egwuregwu egwuregwu pụrụ iche na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/sport/local/nahyan-and-omar-win-mohammed-bin-rashid-al-maktoum-creative-sports-awards|title=Nahyan and Omar win Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Creative Sports Awards|work=khaleejtimes.com|accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref> Ọ meriri aha ndị nwanyị na-egwu mmiri nke afọ Africa na Swimswam.com's Swammy Awards na 2013, 2015, 2016 na 2017. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://swimswam.com/2017-swammy-awards-african-female-swimmer-of-the-year-farida-osman/|title=2017 Swammy Awards: African Female Swimmer of the Year Farida Osman|date=22 December 2017|work=SwimSwam|accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://swimswam.com/2016-swammy-awards-africa-female-swimmer-year-farida-osman/|title=2016 Swammy Awards: Africa Female Swimmer of the Year Farida Osman|date=27 December 2016|work=SwimSwam|accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ 2017 Female African Swimmer of the Year site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Swimming World. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/swimming-world-magazine-announces-2017-african-swimmers-of-the-year/|title=Swimming World Magazine Announces 2017 African Swimmers of the Year – Swimming World News|date=28 November 2017|work=Swimming World News|accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nnata nke Tom Hansen Medal dị ka onye na-eme egwuregwu nwanyị kachasị elu maka oge 2016/17 na Mahadum California Berkeley. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.californiagoldenblogs.com/2017/7/6/15916812/farida-osman-best-california-golden-bears-swimming-female-athlete-2016-17|title=Farida Osman wins the Tom Hansen Medal for top Cal female athlete!|work=California Golden Blogs|accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref> A nabatara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 100 nke BBC na 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|date=15 October 2019|title=BBC 100 Women 2019: Who is on the list this year?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-50042279|accessdate=17 December 2022}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ụmụ nwanyị Muslim na egwuregwu == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   {{DEFAULTSORT:Osman, Farida}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 99z5co5liawdwtw03ijqr7rh66roks8 0 39625 692414 156342 2026-07-29T23:37:05Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692414 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Fatiha Iberaken''' (amuru 3 1986) bu onye egwuregwu, aka ndi Algeria. Ọ na- egwu maka ụlọ ụlọ Saida, yana ndị otu mba Algeria . Ọ g gbara asɔmpĩ biribi aka ụmụnwanyị nke mba ụwa na 2013 na Serbia, ebe Algeria debere nke iri abụọ na abụọ. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Iberaken, Fatiha}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1dqfzwz6thfei8fajggd9eot34ltf0g 0 39660 692425 156397 2026-07-30T00:00:27Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692425 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Fatima Boussora''' (amuru 3 Julaị 1983) bu onye egwuregwu aka Algeria maka HBC El Biar na otu mba Algeria . == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Boussora, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] j61brknvomh9r4plo9qi2hf4tcb3ms5 0 39794 692535 578004 2026-07-30T09:36:36Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Fatima Ja'afar Tahir''' (amuru 8 February 1966) bu onye Naijiria Prọfesọ nke Microbiology na osote onye isi oche nke Mahadum steeti Bauchi kemgbe 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sani|first=Najib|title=Bauchi Gov Appoints Prof Fatima Tahir As State Varsity VC|url=https://leadership.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-state-varsity-vc/|publisher=Leadership News}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye osote onye isi oche na Nigerian Army University Biu, Borno State ma bụrụkwa onye a ma ama dị ka nwanyị mbụ Prọfesọ nke Microbiology nke Mahadum Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi State mepụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bauchi; First female Prof appointed VC|url=https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/|publisher=The Nigeria Standard|accessdate=2024-03-28|archivedate=2024-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221084549/https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Fatima Tahir na February 8, 1966, n'ime ezinụlọ Alhaji Ja'afar Tahir. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Alhassan|first=Amina|title=Don’t Rush To Get To The Next Level – Prof Fatimah Ja’afar Tahir|url=https://dailytrust.com/dont-rush-to-get-to-the-next-level-prof-fatimah-jaafar-tahir/|publisher=Daily Trust Newspaper|accessdate=2024-03-28|archivedate=2024-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222093133/https://dailytrust.com/dont-rush-to-get-to-the-next-level-prof-fatimah-jaafar-tahir/}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị nke obere nke Dr. Ibrahim Tahir . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bauchi; First Female Prof appointed VC|url=https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/amp/|publisher=The Nigerian Standard|accessdate=2024-03-28|archivedate=2024-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222104101/https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/amp/}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Tahir nwetara nzere nke mbụ na microbiology na Mahadum Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. E nwetakwara nzere masters na doctoral site n'otu ụlọ akwụkwọ n'otu ngalaba mmụta. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Don’t rush to get to the next level – Prof Fatimah Ja’afar Tahir|url=https://dailytrust.com/dont-rush-to-get-to-the-next-level-prof-fatimah-jaafar-tahir/|accessdate=2024-02-23|work=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|archivedate=2024-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222093133/https://dailytrust.com/dont-rush-to-get-to-the-next-level-prof-fatimah-jaafar-tahir/}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ malitere njem mmụta ya dịka onye enyemaka gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Abubakar Tafawa Balewa na 1991 na na 2009, ọ ruru ọkwa nke Prọfesọ nke Microbiology. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sani|first=Najib|date=2022-12-12|title=Bauchi Gov Appoints Prof Fatima Tahir As State Varsity VC|url=https://leadership.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-state-varsity-vc/|accessdate=2024-02-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Tahir bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara, gụnyere Nigerian Society for Microbiology (NSM), Nigerian Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFST), American Society for Microbiology (ASM), Society for Applied Microbiology (SFAM), n'etiti ndị ọzọ. . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bello|first=Fateema B.|date=2022-12-12|title=Bauchi gov appoints Prof Fatima Tahir as new VC of Sa’adu Zungur University|url=https://dateline.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-new-vc-of-saadu-zungur-university/|accessdate=2024-02-23|work=Dateline Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Tahir ghọrọ osote Chancellor nke Bauchi State University na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sani|first=Najib|title=Bauchi Gov Appoints Prof Fatima Tahir As State Varsity VC|url=https://leadership.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-state-varsity-vc/|publisher=Leadership News}}</ref> == Edensibia == okwu Yoruba nke a na-eji maka onye ọchịchị) mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Tribune|date=2020-04-22|title=I never got to do most of the things people of my age did —HRH Tinuade Adejuyigbe|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/i-never-got-to-do-most-of-the-things-people-of-my-age-did-hrh-tinuade-adejuyigbe/|accessdate=2022-10-30|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-06|title=I?m not allowed to have a boyfriend and I have to be celibate throughout my reign ? Regent of Iboropa, Tinuade Babalola|url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2020/9/im-not-allowed-to-have-a-boyfriend-and-i-have-to-be-celibate-throughout-my-reign-regent-of-iboropa-tinuade-babalola.html|accessdate=2022-10-30|work=Linda Ikeji's Blog|language=en}}</ref> Dị ka a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ ya na onye nta [[Akwụkwọ akụkọ Tribune|akụkọ Tribune]] na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ, o kwuru na ọ gara n'usoro{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tahir, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 98m7y9xfsnzdq8qfj2kye5wqvszla6w 0 40016 692539 157238 2026-07-30T09:39:55Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692539 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Fatou Pouye''' (amụrụ ya na onwa Jenụwarị 14, n’afo1997) bụ onye Senegal na-atu bọọlụ nke na-agba maka Klọb Joventut Badalona . == Ọrụ ịgba agba == Fatou mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị turu bọọlụ otu oge na Glasgow Christian Academy, nke di na Kentucky na SEED Academy, Thiès . <ref>{{Cite web|title=2021-22 Women's Basketball Roster|url=https://goduquesne.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/fatou-pouye/11073}}</ref> Dịka onye ọhụrụ na South Georgia Technical College (2017-2018) ọ na-egwuri egwu na otu ahụ wee bụrụ onye otu NJCAA Region XVII Championship team.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatou Pouye - Women's Basketball|url=https://goduquesne.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/fatou-pouye/11073|accessdate=2024-03-25|work=Duquesne University Athletics|language=en}}</ref> Ọ pụtara n'egwuregwu iri ato na abuo dịka nwa akwụkwọ nke abụọ na South Georgia Technical College (JUCO) , ọ ghọrọ onye Georgia Collegiate Athletic Association (GCAA) Division I women's basketball Player of the Week ugboro atọ na, onye egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara dịka Player of the week na Division I nke afo 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bird|first=Su Ann|date=2019-01-09|title=SGTC Lady Jets Fatou Pouye named GCAA Division I Player of Week|url=https://www.southgatech.edu/sgtc-lady-jets-fatou-pouye-named-gcaa-division-i-player-of-week/|accessdate=2024-03-25|work=SGTC|language=en}}</ref> Tupu ọ gaa Mahadum Duquesne, Fatou na Western Kentucky Lady Toppers turu bọọlụ ọ bụla dịka onye nche. Dịka onye na-eto eto, o nwetara akara okpukpu abụọ ma kpọọ ya aha maka Conference USA Commissioner's Honour Roll ma nweta Dean's List na semester nke oge opupu ihe ubi. Dịkwa ka onye okenye, Fatou nwere okpukpu abụọ atọ, nwetara akara iri abuo na otu n'oge egwuregwu megide Louisiana Tech ma wepụ rebounds iri na ato megide ha, ọ bụ onye na-ebute akara maka otu ahụ na egwuregwu anọ ma chịkọta rebounds iri na ano dị elu na Rice na onwa Febụwarị 12 na 23 na FIU na Febụwarị 26.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatou Pouye - Women's Basketball|url=https://goduquesne.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/fatou-pouye/11073|accessdate=2024-03-28|work=Duquesne University Athletics|language=en}}</ref> Fatou sonyeere Duquesne Dukes dịka onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na afo 2021 wee gbaa egwuregw u iri abuo Na asato , bụrụ onye nke abụọ na otu ahụ na nke iri na asatọ na nzukọ ahụ. Na onwa Septemba n’afo 2023, Fatou sonyeere Club Joventut Badalona, otu klọb basketball nke obodo Spain. Ọ tukwara ndị otu Senegal bọọlụ maka FIBA Women's AfroBasketball na afo 2024, maka FIBA women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament Belgium . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatou Pouye - Player Profile|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/player/205299/Fatou-Pouye|accessdate=2024-03-28|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Pouye, Fatou}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2ks06ndxoyb9am3sk9bnrziveh5y2wc 0 40042 692553 539330 2026-07-30T09:48:59Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692553 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Fatoumata Sanou''' (amụrụ ya na onwa Juun abali iri ato, n’afo 2004) bụ onye na-Ayu bọọlụ [[basketball]] nke na-egwuregwu maka otu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Mali na USFAS Bamako (Mali-league 1 women's team).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Eurobasket|title=Fatoumata Sanou, Basketball Player, News, Stats - Eurobasket|url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx|accessdate=2024-03-29|work=Eurobasket LLC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatoumata Sanou stats {{!}} Sofascore|url=https://www.sofascore.com/player/fatoumata-sanou/1512388|accessdate=2024-03-29|work=www.sofascore.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Proballers|title=Fatoumata Sanou, Basketball Player|url=https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/240153/fatoumata-sanou|accessdate=2024-03-29|work=Proballers|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatoumata SANOU at the FIBA Women's AfroBasket 2023|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/player/Fatoumata-Sanou|accessdate=2024-03-29|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}</ref> == Ndị otu Mba Mali == Fatoumata nọchitere anya otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Mali n’afo 2021 n'oge Mali U19 megide [[Japan]] U19 na iko ụwa ụmụ nwanyị U19 . <ref name=":0" />{{Cite web|author=Proballers|title=Fatoumata Sanou, Basketball Player|url=https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/240153/fatoumata-sanou|accessdate=2024-03-29|work=Proballers|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFProballers">Proballers. [https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/240153/fatoumata-sanou "Fatoumata Sanou, Basketball Player"]. ''Proballers''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-29</span></span>.</cite></ref>Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu ndị ntorobịa nke mba ahụ na-atu 2022 FIBA U18 African Women's Championship n’ afo 2023 FIBA U19 women's basketball world cup. A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndị isi mba n’afo 2023 n'oge FIBA AfroBasket nke afo 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatoumata Sanou - Player Profile|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/player/297573/Fatoumata-Sanou|accessdate=2024-03-29|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Sanou, Fatoumata}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t0ma1l47c6307gx15d1s6dcj2yjavg8 0 40056 692445 688099 2026-07-30T05:11:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:State_Housing_in_Oranga,_Auckland,_1947.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| N'ime oge etiti na mgbe agha gasịrị, gọọmentị ndị nọchiri anya ha kwadoro nnukwu mmemme ụlọ nke steeti .]] '''Ịda ogbenye na New Zealand''' na-ekwu maka ọnọdụ ịda ogbenye dị na [[New Zealand]] na nha ya. N'agbata 1982 na 2011, nnukwu ngwaahịa ụlọ New Zealand toro site na 35%. <ref name="NZ income gap at crisis level">{{Cite news|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/9182609/NZ-income-gap-at-crisis-level-author|title=NZ income gap at crisis level|publisher=[[Stuff.co.nz]]|date=19 September 2013}}</ref> Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke mmụba ahụ bụ otu obere ìgwè bụ́ ndị kasị baa ọgaranya ná mba ahụ. N'ime oge a, nkezi ego nke 10% kacha elu nke ndị na-enweta ego na New Zealand (ndị na-enweta ihe karịrị $72,000) <ref name="NZ income gap at crisis level" /> fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ na-esi na $56,300 ruo $100,200. Nkezi ego nke ụzọ iri kacha daa ogbenye ji naanị 13% gbagoro site na $9700 ruo $11,000. <ref name="Paradise for a few">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=10892133|title=Paradise for a few|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=22 June 2013}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230127015505/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=10892133 "Paradise for a few"]. [[Akwụkwọ akụkọ New Zealand|The New Zealand Herald]]. 22 June 2013.</cite></ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ sitere na 2016 na-egosi na ihe dịka 15% nke ndị bi na-ebi na ịda ogbenye, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 9% na 1980s, na 22% na 2004. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Ndị Statistics New Zealand kwadoro na-eto eto enweghị ahaghị nhata nke na-eji usoro P80/20 na-edobe oke ego ha nwetara. Ọnụọgụ a na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nnukwu ego ezinụlọ (ndị nọ na pasenti 80) na obere ego ezinụlọ (ndị dị na pasent 20). Oke ahaghị nhatanha mụbara n'etiti 1988 na 2004, wee belata ruo mgbe mmalite nke nsogbu ego zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2008, na-abawanye ọzọ ruo 2011 wee na-agbada ọzọ site na mgbe ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2013, ego a na-atụfu ego nke ezinaụlọ nwere nnukwu ego ji okpukpu abụọ na ọkara buru ibu karịa nke ezinụlọ ndị nwere obere ego. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/snapshots-of-nz/nz-progress-indicators/Home/Social/income-inequality.aspx|title=New Zealand Progress Indicators:Income inequality|publisher=[[Statistics New Zealand]]|date=August 2014|accessdate=22 December 2014}}</ref> N'ịkọwapụta ọdịiche ahụ, 1% kachasị elu nke ndị bi na ya nwere 16% nke akụ na ụba obodo - 5% kasị baa ọgaranya nwere 38% <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/opinion/news/article.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=11347301|title=Brian Fallow: Wealth gap goes mainstream|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=24 October 2014|accessdate=2 April 2024|archivedate=25 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625012752/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/opinion/news/article.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=11347301}}</ref> - ebe ọkara ndị bi na ya, gụnyere ndị na-erite uru na ndị na-erite uru na steeti na ndị ezumike nka, na-enweta ihe na-erughị $24,000. <ref name="NZ income gap at crisis level"/> == Ịda ogbenye == Na narị afọ nke 21 nchegbu na-eto eto na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ndị New Zealand, karịsịa ụmụaka, abanyela na ịda ogbenye ebe a na-akọwa ịda ogbenye na ego dị ka ezinụlọ na-ebi n'okpuru 60% nke ego etiti obodo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.childpoverty.co.nz/|title=Child Poverty Monitor|work=Childpoverty.co.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref> Na 2005, otu akụkọ mba ụwa chọpụtara na otu onye n’ime ụmụaka isii nọ na New Zealand na-etolite na ịda ogbenye - na-eme ka ụmụaka New Zealand bụrụ nke 23 kasị daa ogbenye n’ime mba 26 bara ọgaranya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10113242|title=NZ's child poverty rate one of highest|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=2 March 2005|accessdate=2 April 2024|archivedate=25 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625012751/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10113242}}</ref> Na 2009 dịka NCCSS siri kwuo, ihe karịrị ọkara nde ndị New Zealand, gụnyere ụmụaka 163,000 nọ na ịda ogbenye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzccss.org.nz/site/page.php?page_id=276|title=Facts About Poverty in 2009|publisher=New Zealand Council of Christian Social Services|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119161743/http://www.nzccss.org.nz/site/page.php?page_id=276}}</ref> Otu Ndụmọdụ Ọkachamara nke Kọmishọna Ụmụaka hiwere chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụaka na-ada n'okpuru ọnụ ụzọ anọgidewo na-eto eto. N'afọ 2013, ihe dị ka ụmụaka 265,000, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ụmụaka niile nọ na New Zealand, 'na-ada ogbenye ugbu a'. <ref name="stuff.co.nz">{{Cite news|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/9492016/One-in-four-Kiwi-children-living-in-poverty|title=One in four Kiwi children living in poverty|publisher=[[The Dominion Post (Wellington)|The Dominion Post]]|date=9 December 2013}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/9492016/One-in-four-Kiwi-children-living-in-poverty "One in four Kiwi children living in poverty"]. [[The Dominion Post (Wellington)|The Dominion Post]]. 9 December 2013.</cite></ref> Statistics New Zealand na-ebipụtakwa ọtụtụ data gbasara ọdịmma akụ na ụba nke New Zealanders na, na 2012, wepụtara akwụkwọ mkparịta ụka na-egosi mkpa ọ dị maka nkwekọrịta gọọmentị na mmepe nke njirisi bara uru na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị metụtara ịda ogbenye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.occ.org.nz/assets/Uploads/EAG/Working-papers/Statistics-NZ-Measuring-Child-Poverty-final.pdf|publisher=[[Statistics New Zealand]]|title=Measuring child poverty in New Zealand: Issues and practicalities, Paper prepared for the Expert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child Poverty|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926160714/https://www.occ.org.nz/assets/Uploads/EAG/Working-papers/Statistics-NZ-Measuring-Child-Poverty-final.pdf}}</ref> Ugbu a ozi a na-anakọta bụ 'data static' - ọ na-egosi pasentị ụmụ amaala n'okpuru ọkwa ụfọdụ nke ego. Mana New Zealand bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'etiti mba ọdịda anyanwụ OECD n'ihi na ọ naghị anakọta data 'dynamic' nke na-ejide ókè ndị mmadụ na-abanye na ịda ogbenye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/all/files/publications/2397303-mcop-tr-data-on-poverty-in-nz.pdf|title=Data on Poverty in New Zealand|publisher=[[New Zealand Treasury]]|accessdate=2018-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113115218/http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/all/files/publications/2397303-mcop-tr-data-on-poverty-in-nz.pdf|archivedate=2015-01-13}}</ref> Na 2013 ihe karịrị iri na abụọ akụkọ dị iche iche e wepụtara bụ ndị lekwasịrị anya n'okwu a na mkpa ọ dị ịzụlite ụzọ ekwekọrịtara iji kọwaa na tụọ ịda ogbenye. <ref name="maxim">{{Cite web|url=http://img.scoop.co.nz/media/pdfs/1407/Maxim_Institute_Poverty_Issues_Paper.pdf|title=The Heart of Poverty|author=Kieran Madden|publisher=Maxim Institute}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, Gọọmenti Mba guzogidere mgbalị ndị a na-ekwusi ike na "arụmụka na-adịghị agwụ agwụ banyere nkọwa na nha bụ igbu oge". <ref name="maxim" /> N'ihi na Gọọmenti enweghị mmasị ịkọwa na tụọ nsogbu ahụ, na 2012 Commissioner Children's Commissioner Dr Russell Wills, guzobere otu ndị ọkachamara ndụmọdụ nke mepụtara akụkọ zuru oke, nke a na-akpọ ''Solutions to Child Poverty na New Zealand: Evidence for Action'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.occ.org.nz/assets/Uploads/EAG/Final-report/Final-report-Solutions-to-child-poverty-evidence-for-action.pdf|title=Solutions to Child Poverty in New Zealand: Evidence for Action|work=Occ.org.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref> nke nwere ndụmọdụ 78. ịlụso ịda ogbenye ọgụ. Dọkịnta Wills guzobekwara otu ''Child Poverty Monitor'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.childpoverty.co.nz/|title=Child Poverty Monitor|work=Childpoverty.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref> iji gosi ọnọdụ ibi ndụ ụmụaka na New Zealand na-aga n'ihu. <ref name="stuff.co.nz"/> == Uto na ọnụọgụgụ na ọdịmma == Ihe ndị na-enye aka na uto na ahaghị nhata gụnyere mbelata dị ukwuu n'ụtụ ụtụ isi ego na 1986-88 yana mmụba nke enweghị ọrụ nke Rogernomics kpatara na mkpọka ahịa ngwaahịa nke 1987 bụ nke kpaliri ọtụtụ mmadụ na ọdịmma. <ref name="The New Zealand Herald">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11253734|title=The equality debate: Inequality in NZ under spotlight|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=13 May 2014|accessdate=2 April 2024|archivedate=21 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921095641/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11253734}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. [[Akwụkwọ akụkọ New Zealand|The New Zealand Herald]]. 13 May 2014.</cite></ref> Mgbe ahụ na 1991, e belatara uru elele dị ka akụkụ nke mgbanwe ndị ahụ na ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịmma na-adọga kemgbe ahụ. Prọfesọ Jonathan Boston nke Mahadum Victoria kwuru na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 20% nke ezinụlọ ndị dara ogbenye na New Zealand na-adabere ugbu a na uru ọdịmma. Ọ na-ekwu na ọdịiche na-arịwanye elu n'etiti ndị ọgaranya na ndị ogbenye na-enyere ndị ọgaranya aka "ịmepụta mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-ezighị ezi", na "ọ bụrụ na a gaghị ewepụ ụmụ amaala dara ogbenye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ha ga-enwerịrị ohere agụmakwụkwọ, nlekọta ahụike na enyemaka ọha na eze". <ref name="Paradise for a few"/> Ndị ọkà mmụta ọrịa na Britain, Richard Pickett na Kate Wilkinson, na-arụ ụka na ahaghị nhata na-emebi onye ọ bụla n'ime ọha mmadụ, ọ bụghị naanị ndị ogbenye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/|title=The Spirit Level for New Zealand|author=Paul Barber|publisher=“Closer Together” NZCCSS|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820032923/http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/}}</ref> Ha na-ekwu na mgbe ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọkwa dị elu na nke ala na-abawanye ụba, nke a na-ewepụ ntụkwasị obi na ọmịiko n'etiti ụmụ amaala na-eduga ná nkewa na nkewa nke ọha mmadụ. Nke a na-eme ka ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike na mmekọrịta ọha na eze ka njọ dịka oke ọnwụ ụmụ ọhụrụ, oke ibu, ime afọ iri na ụma, mpụ na mkpọrọ. <ref name="The New Zealand Herald"/> == Mmetụta na ihe ngosi ọha mmadụ == Na 2014, a kpọrọ Pickett na Wilkinson na Auckland na Dunedin ka ha kparịta mkpa nyocha ha na New Zealand. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/campus/university-otago/303256/spirit-level-authors-speak-dunedin|title='Spirit Level' authors to speak in Dunedin|publisher=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=23 May 2014}}</ref> Ha rụrụ ụka na ka enweghị ahaghị nhata na New Zealand na-eto eto, enweela mmụba dị ịrịba ama na ndị ntorobịa igbu onwe ha, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wasserman|first=Danuta|date=1 June 2005|title=Global suicide rates among young people aged 15-19|journal=World Psychiatry|volume=4|issue=2|pmid=16633527|pages=114–20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/4873/|title=Rogernomics and Rupture: Huntly's Response to the Corporatisation of State Coal Mines in 1987.|first=Dillon, Helena|author=Joy|date=24 January 2018|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na n'ụzọ dị iche, data Ngalaba Ahụike na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ igbu onwe onye nke afọ na-ebelata site na 19.5% site na. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ọnwụ 15.1 n'ime 100,000 bi na 1998 ruo 12.2 ọnwụ n'ime 100,000 bi na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/suicide-facts-deaths-and-intentional-self-harm-hospitalisations-2012|title=Suicide Facts: Deaths and intentional self-harm hospitalisations 2012|work=Health.govt.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref> Mmụba nke ụlọ akụ nri mụbara nke ukwuu; <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ballard|first=Keith|title=Inclusion, exclusion, poverty, racism and education: An outline of some present issues|date=2003-10-14|url=http://www.ihc.org.nz/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=I0%2BuArQ9M8w%3D&tabid=1474&mid=2384|format=DOC}}</ref> na ọnụ ọgụgụ ezinụlọ na ụmụaka bi na ịda ogbenye abawanyela. Agbanyeghị mpụ ndị kpatara mmerụ ahụ na ọnwụ ji 20% belata n'etiti 2012 na 2014, ebe mwakpo ahụ ji 3% belata n'otu oge ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/publication/crime-statistics-calendar-year-ending-31-december-2014|title=Crime Statistics for calendar year ending 31 December 2014|work=Police.govt.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018|archivedate=25 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015446/http://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/publication/crime-statistics-calendar-year-ending-31-december-2014}}</ref> N'otu oge ahụ, mmefu nlekọta ahụike abawanyela. N'afọ 2011, mmefu ahụike ruru 10% nke GDP, karịa nkezi OECD nke 9.3%. Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ mba OECD, mmefu ahụike na New Zealand belatara post-GFC mana ọ ka ruru 3% n'ezie na 2010 na 2011 - dị elu karịa nkezi OECD. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/health-expenditure-trends-new-zealand-2000-2010|title=Health Expenditure Trends in New Zealand 2000–2010|work=Health.govt.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018|archivedate=25 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015232/http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/health-expenditure-trends-new-zealand-2000-2010}}</ref> na 2012 New Zealand nwere ndị dọkịta 2.7 n'ime mmadụ 1,000, na-abawanye site na 2.2 n'afọ 2000. Enweghị ahaghị nhata akụ na ụba na New Zealand, tụrụ site na [[Gini coefficient|ọnụọgụ Gini]], guzo na 0.34 dị ka nke June 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Household income and housing-cost statistics: Year ended June 2019|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/household-income-and-housing-cost-statistics-year-ended-june-2019|publisher=Statistics New Zealand|accessdate=18 March 2020}}</ref> Na 2012, atụmanya ndụ mgbe a mụrụ na New Zealand guzoro na 81.5 afọ, ihe karịrị otu afọ dị elu karịa nkezi OECD nke afọ 80.2. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Briefing-Note-NEW-ZEALAND-2014.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2015-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092612/http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Briefing-Note-NEW-ZEALAND-2014.pdf|archivedate=2016-03-04}}</ref> == Mmetụta na uto == Na December 2014, OECD wepụtara Global Income Inequality Report nke kwuru na "[r] ising inequality a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ kwụsịrị ihe karịrị pasent 10 na ... New Zealand" n'etiti 1990 na 2010. <ref name="oecd inequality">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/5jxrjncwxv6j.pdf?expires=1418160560&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=C3C4CD08DF711FBA4B149003872BA1E3|title=OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 163 – Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth|author=Federico Cingano|publisher=[[OECD]]|accessdate=11 December 2014|date=December 2014}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ achọpụtaghị ihe àmà na-egosi na atumatu redistribution, dị ka ụtụ isi na uru ọha na eze, na-emerụ ọganihu akụ na ụba, ma ọ bụrụhaala na e mere atụmatụ ndị a nke ọma, ezubere iche ma tinye ya n'ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/world/oecd-income-inequality-gap-widest-in-30-years-2014120914#axzz3LWtOgi7b|title=OECD income inequality gap widest in 30 years|publisher=[[TV3 News]]|date=9 December 2014|accessdate=24 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211001408/http://www.3news.co.nz/world/oecd-income-inequality-gap-widest-in-30-years-2014120914#axzz3LWtOgi7b|archivedate=11 December 2014}}</ref> O kwubiri na "ilekwasị anya naanị na uto na iche na uru ya ga-adaba na mpaghara dị iche iche nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike imebi ọganihu n'ikpeazụ." <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11371860|title=Income inequality stunts NZ growth – OECD|work=NZ Herald|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=10 December 2014}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Foodbank Canterbury * Enweghị ebe obibi na New Zealand == Edensibia == arụ ụka na ahaghị nhata na-emebi onye ọ bụla n'ime ọha mmadụ, ọ bụghị naanị ndị ogbenye. Ha na-ekwu na mgbe ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọkwa dị elu na nke ala na-abawanye ụba, nke a na-ewepụ ntụkwasị obi na ọmịiko n'etitiarụ ụka na ahaghị nhata na-emebi onye ọ bụla n'ime ọha mmadụ, ọ bụghị naanị ndị ogbenye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/|title=The Spirit Level for New Zealand|author=Paul Barber|publisher=“Closer Together” NZCCSS|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820032923/http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/}}</ref> Ha na-ekwu na mgbe ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọkwa dị elu na nke ala na-abawanye ụba, nke a na-ewepụ ntụkwasị obi na ọmịiko n'etiti{{Reflist}}{{Oceania topic|Poverty in}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] batv5t2vga1sfugjjx7ffrayhbfslf2 0 40463 692495 158670 2026-07-30T09:02:04Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Infobox school|name=Cristo Rey De La Salle<br> East Bay High School|native_name=|image=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|logo=|logo_size=|motto=|type=[[Catholic church|Catholic]], [[De La Salle Brothers]]|status=|gender=Coeducational|denomination=|affiliation=|affiliations=<!-- Localización -->|administrator=|assst_admin=|rector=|director=|president=Stephen Murphy|principal=Jessica Murray|dean=Julio Orozco|headmaster=|staff=|teaching_staff=|enrollment=|grades=|tuition=|established={{Start date and age| 2018 }}|streetaddress=1530 34th Ave|city=[[Oakland, California]]|province=|country=United States|accreditation=|campus=St. Elizabeth Campus|colors=Red, white, yellow, blue|athletics=Women's volleyball; women's soccer; women's basketball; men's soccer; men's basketball|nickname=|mascot=Mustang|yearbook=|publication=|newspaper=|national_ranking=|website={{url|www.cristoreydelasalle.org}}|picture=|picture_caption=}}'''Cristo Rey De La Salle East Bay High School''' bụ ọrụ nke San Francisco New Orleans District nke De La Salle Brothers . Emepere na 2018, ọ bụ onye otu Cristo Rey Network nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọmụmụ ọrụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ Hispanic Asia America na [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Africa America]] enweghị nchekwa. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ahụ nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị St. Elizabeth na mpaghara Fruitvale nke Oakland, California, ebe ọtụtụ ezinụlọ bụ ndị Hispanic ugbu a. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.delasalle.org/2017/07/new-east-bay-school-receives-cristo-rey-network-approval/|title=SFNO – New East Bay School Receives Cristo Rey Network Approval|work=www.delasalle.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-01-02}}</ref> Ebumnuche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ a bụ inye ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ụba ihe mmụta dị ọnụ ala, kọleji na mpaghara dara mbà n'obi nke ime obodo Oakland, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholicvirginian.org/?p=2620|title=Future Cristo Rey school called 'a blessing' for Oakland {{!}} The Catholic Virginian|work=www.catholicvirginian.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-02-20|archivedate=2018-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103073024/http://www.catholicvirginian.org/?p=2620}}</ref> ezinụlọ ndị na-enweghị nchekwa nke East Bay. <ref name=":0" /> Mmemme egwuregwu nke Cristo Rey na-ekere òkè na ngalaba CIF North Coast dị ka ndị mmekọ na-abụghị ọgbakọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cristoreydelasalle.org/community-life/athletics/|title=Athletics}}</ref> == Edensibia == Ebumnuche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ a bụ inye ụmụ akwụkwọ{{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * Kearney, GR ''Karịa Nrọ: Akụkọ Cristo Rey: Otu Ọhụụ Otu Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Si Agbanwe Ụwa'' . Chicago, ọrịa: Loyola Press, 2008. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-82-942576-5|978-0-82-942576-5]] gvu99478u0opil81qz9pd0jcou2gf61 692600 692495 2026-07-30T11:30:33Z Adimora chidinma 15845 692600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox school|name=Cristo Rey De La Salle<br> East Bay High School|native_name=|image=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|logo=|logo_size=|motto=|type=[[Catholic church|Catholic]], [[De La Salle Brothers]]|status=|gender=Coeducational|denomination=|affiliation=|affiliations=<!-- Localización -->|administrator=|assst_admin=|rector=|director=|president=Stephen Murphy|principal=Jessica Murray|dean=Julio Orozco|headmaster=|staff=|teaching_staff=|enrollment=|grades=|tuition=|established={{Start date and age| 2018 }}|streetaddress=1530 34th Ave|city=[[Oakland, California]]|province=|country=United States|accreditation=|campus=St. Elizabeth Campus|colors=Red, white, yellow, blue|athletics=Women's volleyball; women's soccer; women's basketball; men's soccer; men's basketball|nickname=|mascot=Mustang|yearbook=|publication=|newspaper=|national_ranking=|website={{url|www.cristoreydelasalle.org}}|picture=|picture_caption=}}'''Cristo Rey De La Salle East Bay High School''' bụ ọrụ nke San Francisco New Orleans District nke De La Salle Brothers . Emepere na 2018, ọ bụ onye otu Cristo Rey Network nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọmụmụ ọrụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ Hispanic Asia America na [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Africa America]] enweghị nchekwa. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ahụ nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị St. Elizabeth na mpaghara Fruitvale nke Oakland, California, ebe ọtụtụ ezinụlọ bụ ndị Hispanic ugbu a. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.delasalle.org/2017/07/new-east-bay-school-receives-cristo-rey-network-approval/|title=SFNO – New East Bay School Receives Cristo Rey Network Approval|work=www.delasalle.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-01-02}}</ref> Ebumnuche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ a bụ inye ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ụba ihe mmụta dị ọnụ ala, kọleji na mpaghara dara mbà n'obi nke ime obodo Oakland, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholicvirginian.org/?p=2620|title=Future Cristo Rey school called 'a blessing' for Oakland {{!}} The Catholic Virginian|work=www.catholicvirginian.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-02-20|archivedate=2018-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103073024/http://www.catholicvirginian.org/?p=2620}}</ref> ezinụlọ ndị na-enweghị nchekwa nke East Bay. <ref name=":0" /> Mmemme egwuregwu nke Cristo Rey na-ekere òkè na ngalaba CIF North Coast dị ka ndị mmekọ na-abụghị ọgbakọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cristoreydelasalle.org/community-life/athletics/|title=Athletics}}</ref> == Edensibia == Ebumnuche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ a bụ inye ụmụ akwụkwọ{{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * Kearney, GR ''Karịa Nrọ: Akụkọ Cristo Rey: Otu Ọhụụ Otu Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Si Agbanwe Ụwa'' . Chicago, ọrịa: Loyola Press, 2008. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-82-942576-5|978-0-82-942576-5]] mihuxmq8jcp6nd75xr7to8a74lgewc1 0 40579 692443 158046 2026-07-30T04:58:56Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album||name=Best Hits Live: Save the Children Speed Live 2003|type=Live|artist=[[Speed (Japanese band)|Speed]]|cover=|alt=|released=February 25, 2004|recorded=|venue=|studio=|genre=[[J-pop]]|length=|label=[[AVEX Records|AVEX Trax]]|producer=|prev_title=[[Bridge (Speed album)|Bridge]]|prev_year=2003|next_title=[[Speedland: The Premium Best Re Tracks]]|next_year=2009}}{{Databox}}'''''Best Hits Live: Save the Children Speed Live 2003''''' bụ nchịkọta egwu ndụ nke Japanese J-pop girlband Speed 's dekọrọ n'otu n'ime egwu egwu ha mere na 2003. E, album a na February 25, 2004, dị ka nke ọrụ ebere " Save the Children ". == Ndepụta egwu == # "Bụrụ ịhụnanya m" # "Gaa! Gaba! eluigwe" # "Nkwụsị" # "Ezi ịhụnanya m niile" # "Snow Kiss" (Ewepụrụ) # "Ngụsị akwụkwọ m" (Ewepụrụ) # "Ndụ" # "Ije ije na mmiri ozuzo" # "Ebe obibi dị ogologo" # "Stars ga-enwu ọzọ" # "Ahụ & Mkpụrụ Obi" # "Ịhụnanya ọcha" # "Na-agbaji ruo ụtụtụ" # "Kpọlie m n'ụra!" # Nettaiya &#x2014; ( ''Abalị okpomọkụ'' ) {{Speed}}{{Authority control}} e65ei1lczasry5ao28rah8y9hjcfjr1 0 40735 692447 207721 2026-07-30T05:14:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692447 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Poverty_rates_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px| Ọnụọgụgụ ịda ogbenye (% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi) bi n'okpuru $4 (mgbanwe ikike ịzụrụ ihe) kwa ụbọchị na Central na Eastern Europe, 1992-2009 (afọ ndị na-efu efu ka etinyere n'usoro). Akara edo edo edochitere Poland.]] Ịda ogbenye na Poland kwụsiri ike n'ime iri afọ gara aga, na-emetụta (dabere na nha) ihe dịka 6.5% nke mmadụ.  N'ime afọ iri gara aga, a na-enwe akara dị ala, n'ihi na n'ozuzu Polish ọha mmadụ na- àgwà na aku na uba na-anụ ụtọ otu n'ime ndị kasị elu na-eto eto na  Europe.  Enweela ịhụnanya ìhè na ndị ogbenye n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, site na mbelata nke ogbenye n'ime afọ ndị na-esote oge ndị ahụ. [[Usòrò:02015_1769_Weihnachten_2015_in_Polen._Brot_für_Bedürftige.JPG|thumb|300x300px| Nkesa ogbe achịcha nye ndị ogbenye n'oge ekeresimesi na Poland (2015)]] === Tupu WWII === N'oge nke Polish Republic, mkpa ndị ogbenye e ji mara ndị ọrụ ugbo nke mba, bụ ndị na-agụ 70% nke ndị bi, a àjà na-akawanye njọ na ego mba n'obi .  GNP onye ọ àlà na 1929 dị ala ụfọdụ nke steeti Baltic gbara agbata obi, n'agbanyeghị, na 1937, dị elu ọzọ na Portugal ma ọ bụ Gris.  [1] Ọ bụ ebe na ọrụ ugbo dị elu n'ebembar Poland, ọ dị obere na nrịda na n'ebe ọkụ, n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ dị elu na obere ugbo.  Na mpaghara etiti, ndị na ndị ozi nke mba ahụ, nde mmadụ 6.5 ike igbo mkpa nri ha na-eri n'afọ 1934–1935.  N'afọ 1930-1931, ndị ọrụ ọrụ 54 nke obere ime ha afọ abụọ gara aga, otu onye kwuru na nri ya nwera bụ poteto na-esighị ike, na ọnụ ncha na- 54 nke obere obere ha abụọ gara  aga.  kpuchiri ha n'ụra, nakwa na otu ibé nchekwa bụ.  naanị maka oge iche.  Otu onye nlere anya anya ndị dị ka "nrọ nrọ nke mweda n'ala na ego ogbenye".  Ka ọ na-erule isi 1934, okporo ụzọ ime obodo nwewere akara ngosi ihe na 43% nke ọkwa 1928. A na-enyere ndị na-azụ àjà obodo aka site n'ịdaba ọnụ akara nri, mana ọrụ bịara dị ụkọ, na-  iwe  Iche ihe na 1932 na 58% nke ɔkwa mkpa mba n'obi, na akara ọrụ uzo 40% na 1932-1934 <ref name="JM-p47">Joseph Marcus, [https://books.google.com/books?id=82ncGA4GuN4C&dq=%22the+outstanding+role+played+by+Jewish+charity%22&pg=PA47 ''Social and political history of the Jews in Poland, 1919–1939''], (ibidem) page 47</ref>Ịda ogbenye dị ukwuu n'etiti ndị Juu Polish, bụ ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke nhọrọ sitere n'okike na Europe ma na- ike inye ụmụ ha nri.  Mgbe Andre udo nke Riga, ọtụtụ ndị Juu pere mpe nke Polish Republic nke abụọ sonyeere ọtụtụ puku ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-agbanarị pogroms na East.  Ihe ijuanya iri asaa na ise n'ime ha bi n'ime ime obodo, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị inyom, amụma na ndị agadi nkezi.  [1] Poland nọ na-adogo na ihe ike nke mmegbu akụ na mụrụ na-emebi emebi site na ndị nkebi na mmachi azụmahịa ha na-esote (lee kwa: agha omenala German-Polish ).  Ohere ọrụ adị adị adị adị nke Poland n'etiti 1930s - ọ bụ na ego onye Juu n'otu n'otu n'etiti ndị na-arụ ọrụ ọrụ 40% dị elu na 1929 ụfọdụ nke ndị Poland na- ndị Juu  .  [2] [3] [4] [5] Ezin ihe ndị dara ogbenye na-adabere na ọrụ ndị Juu dị n'ahụ, bụ nke ruru n'ókè nke ụwa na-enwe ike ụdị ya na 1929, na-enye ọrụ  dị ka ndịrechi, ngwaọrụ, ngwaọrụ na ọrụ ndị ọzọ ego 200 nde zlotys kwa afọ. === Oge ndị Kọmunist === N'okpuruokpuru Kọmunist steeti enyemaka ọrụ, ego na-eme ka atumatu na nke aka na ike, nri na ụlọ nyere aka ụmụaka ogbenye ma mee ka ọ ghara ịhụ ya anya.  Ego ndị ọrụ n'ime ime obodo na-adabakarị nke ndị ogbo ha n'obodo mepere emepe, na ndị ogbenye na-emetụta buru ibu bi n'ime ime obodo nwewere ikike buru ibu;  mana o metụrụ bi n'obodo ahụ aka: ndị ọrụ na-ndị nkà, ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ ezumike nka, ndị na-alụ ọhụrụ di na ndị nwere ikike, nwera ikike nne ma ọ bụ nna, ikike na mpụ.  , na ndị dị na nri na-eto eto nwere isi na-amalite ndụ onwe ha.  Arụ ọrụ n'ahụ dị ka ọrịa siri ike, owu onye agadi, mmegbu na-emebiga ókè na nri nri ya na ihe omume dị egwu na ndụ ndị mmadụ.  Ndị bi na ndị ogbenye na-enwe ike ụlọ na-ahụ mma, akara ike ịhụ site na ụlọ ọrụ, elele dị ala;  mgbe ụfọdụ ha na-aghọ mpụ na akụkọbiga ókè. Ịda ogbenye mgbe ụfọdụ na-adị omimi nke ukwuu, na-adịru obere ihe oriri; nke a bụụrụ ndị na-alụbeghị di, ndị agadi na ndị nwere nkwarụ; oge ndị ọzọ, ọ na-ele mmadụ anya n'ihu, ọ dịghị emetụta ndụ ndị mmadụ dum. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enweghị ezigbo ebe obibi nwere ike imetụta ego ezinụlọ. Nzaghachi kachasị na nsogbu ego bụ ịnweta ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụ nke iwu ma ọ bụ nke nkịtị, nke iwu kwadoro ma ọ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị. Otu ihe ọhụrụ bụ ichere n'ahịrị n'aha onye ọzọ, maka ego. Omume ndị dị otú ahụ pụtara na ụkọ oge na-abịakarị na ịda ogbenye. Ka ndị mmadụ malitere imekwu ihe n’ụlọ iji chekwaa ma ọ bụ nweta ego (ịmepụta nri na uwe, ịrụzi ụlọ, eserese ụlọ), nrụgide oge mebiri ndụ ezinụlọ, nke mere na enweghị oge ntụrụndụ bụ ihe na-agbasa nke ukwuu n’etiti ezinụlọ dara ogbenye. N'otu oge ahụ, steeti ahụ na-eleghara nsogbu ahụ anya: ọrụ 1983 na-ekwu na enyemaka mmadụ mezuru 14% nke mkpa ndị ogbenye. Ụlọ ọrụ enweghị mmasị nke ukwuu n'ime ka ndụ ndị mmadụ ka mma, ebe ndị ogbenye amachaghị ihe ruuru ha. Echiche ndị ọchịchị hụrụ ịda ogbenye dị ka ihe dịpụrụ adịpụ nke ihe omume ndụ na-adịghị ahụkebe na-akpata, kama ịbụ akụkụ ndụ a na-emebu. N'afọ ndị 1980, ka ịda mbà n'obi akụ na ụba na ụkọ akụ na ụba na-ejide, ịda ogbenye gbanwere site n'imekpa ndị a na-ekewaghị ekewa na ndị na-adịghị mma, gụnyere ndị dị njikere ma nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ. E nwere ike dị iche iche nke ego ogbenye na Poland na ndị Kọmunist.  N'iji opekempe opekempe dị ka ihe atụ, a na-ehota ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a: 20% na njedebe nke 1960s;  28%, ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ, na 1975 (atụmatụ, ị chọrọ);  ihe dịka 30% na njedebe nke 1980s;  14.2% na 1981, 27.2% na 1983, 25.3% na 1987 na 16.3% na 1989, dị ka World Bank .  Otu onye na-eme mgbaàmà na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ogbenye mụbara site na nde 3.3 na 1978 ruo nde 8.6 na 1987. Site na ejedebe siri ike nke ogbenye, ọnụ ọgụgụ maka njedebe nke 1980s 5-7%, 6% na 5  -10%. Ọkakà nsogbu na eze Poland na-ekiri ndị ogbenye ihe ezi uche nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme prejuokarịrị na eze n'ebe ahụ.  Ndị ọrụ egwuregwu nke mbụ, dị ka Institute of Social Economy na Warsaw School of Economics, ,yọcha ụkọ ogbenye, ngwá ọrụ na mbu na-ebu interwar.  E nso data ngụkọ na ihe gbasara fu ego, ihe nke onwe ya na ihe gbasara onwe ya depụtara ogbenye.  Ọbịbịa nke ndị Kọmunist ụkpụrụ omenala nchọcha a;  Agha ogbenye okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ, ihe ezi ụzọ, agha ndị na echiche.  Achụpụrụ ya dị ka ihe ike n'ịgara aga ma ọ bụ ihe sitere na ihe isi ike ịkwụsị;  fur na ndị ogbenye ka e ji euphemisms dị ka "Sphere deficiency" ma ọ bụ "otu ndị na-enye ego".  Akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ndị na-eso tupu 1989 ejighi okwu a bụ "ụbịam", ebe nleghara anya ọiche echiche ike ịhụ na akara atumatu ma ọ bụ iwu ya.  Amụma nwere oke, na nchebe mkpa na-ewere ọnọdụ n'oge mmeghe nke ikwu: oge ​​mgbe Polish October, 1970s, na 1980-81.  E nyere ọtụtụ ọkụ ihe dị mkpa n'agbanyeghị echiche a na-enwe, mana amachibido akwụkwọ ha ma ọ bụ machibido ya iwu. === Oge mmalite nke ọchịchị Kọmunist === A na-eme ememe na Poland akara gọọ site na ndị Kọmunist gaa na akụ na nyere nke onye isi obodo na ihe dịka 20% nke ndị bi na ya dara ogbenye.  Ịda ogbenye na Poland bilitere obere oge n'ime oge 1990-1992 ma na-belụsọ nke ukwuu;  Otú ọ dị, ọ bilitere ọzọ n'ọgwụgwụ 1990s, na-eso mbelata nke uto akụ na mmetụta.  N'ime afọ 1994-2001, ahịrị ego ogbenye nke onwe ya kwụsiri ike n'ihe dịka 33%;  na ahịrị ogbenye ikwu ( , ego ogbenye ) bilitere site na 13.5% ruo 17%.  Ogbenye zuru oke - dị ka Bank World isiokwu, isiokwu nke ndị bi na-ebi na ihe na- ụmụaka $ 4.30 kwa ụbọchị - na oge 1997-1999 ozi 8.4% nke ndị Poland.  Atụmatụ sitere na isi ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ iche, iche.  Dị ka Brzeziński (2011), na afọ 1998-2003 zuru oke ego ogbenye na Poland ebiliwo site 8%, na-eru (dị ka Central Statistical Office (GUS) akwụkwọ) 18.1% na 2005, na idobe na 10.6% na 2008  ;  Ntụle ọzọ na-egosi na n'ime oge 2005-2008 ndị ogbenye zuru oke dara site na 12.3% ruo 5.6%.  Brzeziński (2011) na-ekwu na ịrị elu ọ ALA na-enye ogbenye n'ime oge 1998-2005 ụmụaka ogbenye na afọ 2005-2008 Dị ka akwụkwọ ndị Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS) 2011 si kwuo, kwuru ogbenye na Poland na-belebe n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, gbadara ihe dịka 6.5% na 2011. Otú ọ dị, ahụ na-ekwu na  nke a na- ihi n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ala nke ndị ogbenye na Poland agbanwe agbanwe 2006, si otú a na- sị onu oriri .  Ọ bụrụ na e depụtara ahịrị ogbenye na onu oriri, mere ahụ mere na 11.4% nke Polish ga-adị n'okpuru ya.  E mere mkpa oke ogbenye na 16.7%.  Pasent nke ndị na-anata ihe na- ndị ọrụ ọrụ ndụ bụ 6.7%.  Ịda ogbenye betala ma e jiri ya see ndị 2005, nke kọpụtara ma ahịrị ogbenye na oke ego ogbenye na 18.1%, yana yana isiokwu nke ndị bi na-enweta ihe na-enye ọrụ ndụ na 12.3%.  Na 2003, ihe dị ka njọ 23 nke isiokwu na ha bi n'okpuru ogbenye (na- ngwá na ike ego ha na-enweta dị ka njọ ezu maka mkpa ndị bụ isi). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rynekzdrowia.pl/Polityka-zdrowotna/PiS-wygrywa-koniec-NFZ-system-budzetowy-i-siec-szpitali,156173,14.html|title=PiS wygrywa: koniec NFZ, system budżetowy i sieć szpitali? - Polityka zdrowotna|publisher=www.rynekzdrowia.pl}}</ref>Ihe omume 500+ na-enweta nkwado zuru oke na ọha mmadụ yana na 2019 PiS njikọla ntozu ma tinyekwuo iji mmemme nkwado ogbenye.  Nke a na-agụ nka dị mfe ama site site n'aka ndị isi mmegide na-emesapụ aka Platforma Obywatelska, na ụfọdụ mgbasa ozi mba ụwa, dị ka ụzọ ụzọ votu na dị ka populist, liberal agenda.  [1] [2] [3] [4] PiS na-akwado steeti nyere ụkpụrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. == Ndakpọ ihe owuwu == A kọwawo ogbenye na Poland dị ka "nke na-emighị emi", na-ezo aka n'eziokwu na ndị ogbenye ole na ole na-ebi ndụ dị ukwuu n'okpuru ego ogbenye (dị ka Bank World ego);  A na-eme ihe na ihe ize ndụ nke ogbenye na Poland bụ 21%. N'ihe gbasara ala, ndị ogbenye obere elu nke a kọrọ na Warmia-Mazury.  Voivodeship, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Lubelskie Voivodeship na Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (lee anya).  Ọzọkwa: Poland A na B ). Ụbịam kacha ewute maka ezinụlọ ndị nwere enweghị ọrụ, nkwarụ na ndị nwere ọtụtụ ụmụaka. O yikarịrị ka ịda ogbenye ga-emetụta ndị na-eto eto karịa ndị agadi, bụ ndị na-adịchaghị mma n'ihi usoro ezumike nka na-emesapụ aka. N'ihi ya, ịda ogbenye na Poland yiri nke ahụ, n'ihe gbasara nhazi, na nke a na-ahụ n'ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ dị na Europe. Beblo et al. (2002) rịba ama na ọ bụ enweghị ọrụ na-akpata ịda ogbenye na Poland, enyemaka ezughị ezu nye ezinụlọ nwere ọtụtụ ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ndị si n'otu ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ, na enweghị ego na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo. Brzeziński (2011) na-ekwu na ịrị elu nke ịda ogbenye na mbubreyo 1990s na mmalite 2000s nwere ike ịsị na stagnant ụgwọ ọrụ na ụgwọ ezumike nká, na-eto eto enweghị ọrụ, na ụdi ọdịda, ka akụ na ụba na ọdịmma atumatu. {| style="font-size:95%;" | style="text-align:center;" |'''Ndị bi n'okpuru 1.90 na<br /><br /><br /><br />'''<nowiki></br></nowiki> '''3.20 dollar ( PPP ) kwa ụbọchị (%)<br /><br /><br /><br />'''<nowiki></br></nowiki> '''(Ụdị ịda ogbenye mba ụwa)''' | width="10" | | style="text-align:center;" | '''Ndị bi n'okpuru ịda ogbenye mba (%)''' |- valign="top" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align: right" ! Obodo ! < $1.90 ! < $3.20 ! Afọ |- | style="text-align:left;" |</img> Poland | 0.02 | 0.03 | 2017 |} | | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align: right" ! Obodo ! data-sort-type="number" | [[World Bank|Ụwa<br /><br /><br /><br />]]<nowiki></br></nowiki> [[World Bank|Ụlọ akụ]] ! Afọ ! data-sort-type="number" style="background: #ddd" | CIA ! style="background: #ddd" | Afọ ! Ndị ọzọ ! Afọ |- | style="text-align:left;" |</img> Poland | 10.6 | 2008 | 17 | 2003&nbsp;<small>est.</small> || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} |} |} ụdị nkọwa Kọmunist na Poland na 1990, ahaghị nhata ego ihila nke ukwuu.  Ihe eserese nke a bụ nọmba na-arrị elu na n'ókè nke nta, ego ogbenye.  Rutkowski (1998) na-ekwu na "ndị na-enweta site na iwu ego dị iche iche ndị na-efunahụ.  Ndị nwetara nke ọma bụ ndị akwụkwọ akwụkwọ nke ọma, ndị na-arụ ọrụ ọcha na ndị ọchụnta ego.  N'ozuzu, ezi na-adabere na steeti tupu ekiri ahụ, na-egosi na uru ọrụ bụ ihe kacha mkpa n'ibelata ahaghị nhata. === Ahaghị nhata ego na Poland - ọkwa mba ụwa === '''UN''' : Data sitere na mmemme mmepe United Nations .<nowiki></br></nowiki> '''CIA''' : Data sitere na Central Intelligence Agency 's World Factbook .<nowiki></br></nowiki> '''GPI''' : Data sitere na Global Peace Index . == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * (in Polish and English) [http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/5840_4171_PLK_HTML.htm Dochody i warunki życia ludności Polski (raport z badania EU-SILC 2011)] (Incomes and Living Conditions of Population in Poland 2011) * {{Cite book|editor=Arno Heimgartner|author=Lucjana Mis|chapter=Evaluation Research on the Conditions of Poverty and Unemployment in Poland - Critical Analysis|title=Face of Research on European Social Development: Community Work, Civil Society and Professionalisation of Social Work ; [proceedings of the Inter-University Consortium for International Social Development (IUCISD) European Branch Conference 2004 in Graz]|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=ub0ZRTEHfoYC&pg=PA213|accessdate=7 March 2013|date=15 August 2006|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=978-3-8258-8984-5|pages=213–228}} * {{Cite book|author=Monika Popow|title=Oblicza biedy we współczesnej Polsce|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nui8DR63AmgC&pg=PA347|accessdate=3 March 2013|year=2011|publisher=DKN Na Styku|isbn=978-83-933742-0-5}} * [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/EXTPA/0,,contentMDK:20205276~menuPK:435735~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:430367,00.html Poverty in Poland], World Bank 1993 analysis * [http://www.wbj.pl/article-62036-poland-successful-in-fighting-poverty.html Poland successful in fighting poverty], Warsaw Business Journal, 28 February 2013 * Adam Szulc, [http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/conferences/documents/34th_ceies_seminar_documents/34th%20CEIES%20Seminar/4.5%20A.%20SZULC%20FINAL%205%20OCT%20EN.PDF THE MANY DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY IN POLAND: ARE THE RESULTS ROBUST?] * [https://archive.today/20130407215257/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-05-06/pockets-of-poverty-in-polandbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice Pockets of Poverty in Poland], businessweek, 2008 * Elżbieta Tarkowska, 2005, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030342/http://www.english.pan.pl/images/stories/pliki/publikacje/academia/2005/08/tarkowska.pdf Polish Poverty]'' * ''4.5 Wiejskie ubóstwo'' [Rural poverty], in: ''Chapter 4: Warunki bytu ludności wiejskiej, Raport o rozwoju społecznym - Polska 2000. Rozwój obszarów wiejskich'' [National Human Development Report. Poland 2000. Rural Development], Warszawa: UNDP {{Cite web|url=http://www.unic.un.org.pl/nhdr/2000/RAPORT10.PDF|work=www.unic.un.org.pl|accessdate=2023-09-11|title=Warunki bytu ludnoœci wiejskiej|language=pl|archivedate=2023-06-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615122930/https://www.unic.un.org.pl/nhdr/2000/RAPORT10.PDF}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">''www.unic.un.org.pl'' (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)]] , p.&nbsp;52-57, including Elżbieta Tarkowska, 2000, ''Bieda "popegeerowska"'' [Post-PGR poverty] on p.&nbsp;53 and Elżbieta Tarkowska, 2000, ''Bieda wiejskich dzieci'' [Poverty of rural children], on p.&nbsp;56 * Małgorzata Dziubińska – Michalewicz, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050131085207/http://biurose.sejm.gov.pl/teksty_pdf_04/r-220.pdf Unemployment and poverty in former State Agricultural Farms]'' [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] b5ah9fdyfwdc5dnykhu5363zh422f7r 0 40956 692331 393122 2026-07-29T19:39:34Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Fausto Isidro Meza Flores a na-akpọ " El Chapo Isidro ", bụ onye nwe ọgwụ na Mexico na onye ndu Los Mazatlecos.  Ọ nwere ọkwa dị elu na Beltrán Leyva Cartel ma bụrụ onye aka nri Alfredo Beltrán Leyva tupu a gbochie ya na United States. === Ndụ mmalite na nrịgo === <ref name="history1">{{Cite news|title=Chapo Isidro: A History|url=http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2012/07/chapo-isidro-history.html|accessdate=January 18, 2013|work=[[Borderland Beat]]|date=July 9, 2012}}</ref>Meza Flores (nke a mara na ụwa ndị omempụ dị ka El Chapo Isidro ) akwụkwọ na June 19, 1982, na Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico .  [1] [2] Ụlọ ọrụ mpụ ya na 1990s, na mbụ na-arụ ọrụ maka Juárez Cartel n'okpuru nduzi nke onye ndu mgbe ahụ Amado Carrillo Fuentes .  Mgbe onye nwe ahụ ahụ nwụsịrị n'ihi nsogbu ịwa ahụ rọba na 1997, Meza Flores gbaha njirimara ahụ yana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ere ọgwụ ike wee jide isonye na ndị agha Beltrán Leyva Cartel .  Dị ka onye otu isiokwu Beltrán Leyva, ọ pịa na ya bụ "onye na-akụ ọkpọ nke nwere ike, nwere ike sere egwu, na obi ike."  [3] Mgbe ndị agha Mexico gbagburu onye ndu Arturo Beltrán Leyva ma gbuo ya na Disemba 2009, ọtụtụ ndị nọ na cartel gbahapụrụ wee guzobe ụgbọ mpụ nọọrọ onwe ya na Edgar Valdez Villarreal, nke a mara dị ka La Barbie .  Otú ọ dị, Meza Flores ụzọ na-ijesi ike n'ihe nye njikọ Beltrán Leyva na ikike ya na Vicente Carrillo Fuentes ịkụziri aka <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mexico's drug war heats up near Arizona border|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/38093155|accessdate=December 16, 2012|work=[[NBC News]]|date=July 5, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Beckhusen|first=Robert|title=Mexican hitman claims cartels bought guns from US Border Patrol|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-11/09/mexican-cartel-buy-guns-from-us-border-patrol|accessdate=December 16, 2012|work=[[Wired UK]]|date=November 9, 2012}}</ref>Ọgụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ n'etiti ndị otu Sinaloa Cartel (ya na nkwado nke Gente Nueva ) na Beltrán Leyva Cartel (na nkwado nke Los Zetas na ndị ikom Los Mazatlecos Meza Flores) gburugburu ihe dị ka mmadụ 30 n'obodo Tubutama,  Sonora nke dị n'ebe ugwu.  Mexico na July 1, 2010. [1] [2] Ndị a na-eji ọgwụ eme ihe na-alụ ogu naanị kilomita ole na ole gafe oke mba ụwa na steeti Arizona nke US - mpaghara ama maka ịbụ ụzọ mbupụ mmiri ọgwụ  na aha ndị mmadụ.  [3] A kọkwara na Meza Flores na onye na-azụ ụgwọ ọgwụ ike a na-akpọ Arnoldo del Cid Buelna (nke a mara n'ụwa ndị omekome dị ka El Gilo ) bụ ndị mere ọrụ ike na ndị oji egbe Sinaloa Cartel.  .  [4] Achọtara ụgbọ ala iri na otu n'oge gara aga, nke nwere mgbo nọ n'ebe ahụ, mara ọtụtụ egbe egbe.  Ụfọdụ n'ime ụgbọ ala ndị ahụ nwere ihe osise "X" na windo ha, usoro nke ndị na-ere ọgwụ na Mexico na-eme ihe iji mata ndụ nke ụgbọ ala ha na nke ndị na-agba ọgwụ n'  oge agha === Los Mazatlecos oge === <ref>{{Cite news|title=Cae lugarteniente de "El Chapo Isidro" en Sinaloa|url=http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=360345|accessdate=December 14, 2013|work=[[Proceso (magazine)|Proceso]]|date=December 13, 2013|language=Spanish}}</ref>Ndị otu ya, Los Mazatlecos, dabere na mpaghara Guasave, Los Mochis, Mazatlan na Sinaloa na Nayarit ma na-ahụ maka isiga nnukwu methamphetamine, heroin, marijuana, na cocaine 2000. [1] [2] Ọ bụ otu n'ime  ndị isi ndị isi nke Beltrán Leyva Cartel n'obodo Mazatlán na n'ugwu ugwu nke steeti Sinaloa.  Kamar 2010, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi mgba nke Sinaloa Cartel;  dị n'etiti otu a na-ere ọgwụ ebutela ọtụtụ ntọọ na ogbugbu na Sinaloa.  [3] [4] Meza Flores bụ onye aka nri nke Héctor Beltrán Leyva (nke nwụrụ anwụ ugbu a) onye ndu ozizi elu nke Beltrán Leyva Cartel;  enyemaka ọrụ dị na Mazatlán, Guamúchil, Los Mochis, Choix na Los Cabos.  N'April 28, 2010, ndị mmanye iwu Mexico nke nta ka ọ bụrụ Meza Flores n'ugwu Choix, Sinaloa .  Otú ọ dị, ọrụ a gburugburu ndị agha ma gbuo mmadụ iri na abụọ n'ime ndị oji egbe, onye aka nri ya Omar Alfonso Rubio (a na-akpọ "El Chonte").  Na Disemba 12, 2013, ndị agha Mexico jidere otu n'ime ndị isi ndị isi Meza Flores, Ignacio "Nacho" González na Guasave, Sinaloa. == Ọnọdụ == Meza Flores bụ onye gbara ọsọ United States akwụkwọ maka ebubo ebubo ọgwụ ọgwụ.  Ndị FBI na-enye onyinye $5 nde US.  [1] Ebe obibi ikpeazụ ya mara amara bụ na steeti Nuevo León, ebe a kọrọ na ya na ụfọdụ ndị agha egwuregwu ya na egwuregwu egwuregwu na San Pedro Garza García na January 19, 2013 <ref>{{Cite news|author=Cedillo|first=Juan|title=El rival de 'El Chapo' señalado por EU no tiene cargos en México|url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2013/01/21/el-rival-de-el-chapo-senalado-por-eu-no-tiene-cargos-en-mexico|accessdate=January 22, 2013|work=CNNMéxico|date=January 21, 2013|language=Spanish}}</ref> == Iwu iwu Kingpin == <ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Designates Additional Sinaloa-Based Drug Trafficking Organization|url=http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1824.aspx|publisher=[[United States Department of the Treasury]]|accessdate=January 17, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121112746/http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1824.aspx|archivedate=January 21, 2013}}</ref>Officelọ ọrụ nke njikwa akụ nke mba ọzọ (OFAC) nke Ngalaba Akụ nke United States mara ọkwa na January 17, 2013, na ha kpochiri akụ Meza Flores, ndị ya akụkọ asaa, na ụlọ ọrụ a nwere njikọ na ọrụ ndị omempụ ya site na  .  Iwu nka nka Kingpin narcotics mba ofesi (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ezo aka na ya dị ka "Kingpin Act"). == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ site n'ikpe ziri ezi bụ ndị kwụsịrị * Agha Ọgwụ Ọgwụ Mexico == Ntụaka == {{DEFAULTSORT:Meza Flores, Fausto Isidro}} {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Aha]] m9lep1b4ktf3s23vme4vb8b99m3gyp3 0 41713 692300 159666 2026-07-29T18:53:54Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox journal|title=Journal of Food Processing and Preservation|cover=|caption=|former_name=<!-- or |former_names= -->|abbreviation=J. Food Process. Preserv.|discipline=[[Food science]]|language=English|editor=Charles Brennan, Brijesh K. Tiwari|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|country=|history=1977–present|frequency=Bimonthly|openaccess=|license=|impact=1.288|impact-year=2018|ISSNlabel=|ISSN=0145-8892|eISSN=1745-4549|CODEN=JFPPDL|JSTOR=|LCCN=77643076|OCLC=03082583|website=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-4549|link1=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-4549/currentissue|link1-name=Online access|link2=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-4549/issues|link2-name=Online archive}}{{Databox}}Nke '''Journal of Food Processing and Preservation''' bụ akwụkwọ nsogbu ndị ọgba nke na-ekpuchi maka nhazi na ichekwa nri. [1] Wiley-Blackwell kaadị ya. Akwụkwọ ntuziaka na ikike n'ahụ na 2011. <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-4549|title=Journal of Food Processing and Preservation - Wiley Online Library|journal=Journal of Food Processing and Preservation|accessdate=2012-05-18|doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1745-4549}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website cjiz29yz5350dqc50aa7fn9qvg489kn 0 41944 692454 160034 2026-07-30T06:12:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Ịkọ ugbo na-adịghị ngwa ngwa''' bụ ụzọ nkà ihe ọmụma gbasara ịkọ ugbo nke na-agba ndị na-eso ụzọ ume ka ha na-ekpori ndụ ihe ọ bụla ha na-eme, na-eji mmetụta uche niile, n'oge niile, n'agbanyeghị ụdị ụdị ubi. <ref name="NYT2009">{{Cite news|author=Kurutz, Steven|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/garden/26slow.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|title=Slow, Easy, Cheap and Green|work=The New York Times|date=March 25, 2009|accessdate=2016-01-30}}</ref> Ugbo nwayo na-emetụtakwa ndị mmadụ na-eto akwụkwọ nri, herbs, okooko osisi, na mkpụrụ osisi, yana ndị na-achọ ahịhịa nke ha, ma ọ bụ nwee ntụrụndụ siri ike dị ka topiary, bonsai ma ọ bụ osisi hybridizing. Ezubere ya iji kwalite mmata onwe onye, ọrụ nkeonwe, na nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi. == Echiche == Ọ bụ onye American horticulturist na onye ode akwụkwọ ubi Felder Rushing malitere ọrụ ugbo nwayọ, onye sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ sitere na nzukọ nri Slow . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Rushing|title=Slow Gardening: A No-Stress Philosophy for All Senses and All Seasons|publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing Company|pages=232}}</ref> Ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke ịkọ ugbo dị nwayọọ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na ụzọ Gestalt . Ebumnuche bụ isi nke mmegharị nwayọ nwayọ bụ ka ndị na-eso ya mara ihe na otu ha na-eme ihe ma na-atụle etu o siri metụta ihe niile. Echiche ịkọ ubi nwayọ: * na-eji ahụmahụ, aka-na-abịaruo ubi ubi * na-echebara ogige ahụ dum (ma ọ bụ onye na-elekọta ubi - ahụ, uche na mmụọ) * na-enyocha ihe na-eme ugbu a (nke a na ugbu a) * na-emesi ike ịmata onwe onye * na-akwado ibu ọrụ nke onwe (ubi). * na-ekweta iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe, nghọta, na ihe okike nke onye na-elekọta ubi * na-aghọta na onye na-elekọta ubi bụ isi n'usoro ọrụ ubi. == Edensibia == ubi. Ugbo nwayo na-emetụtakwa ndị mmadụ na-eto akwụkwọ nri, herbs, okooko Felder Rushing malitere ọrụ ugbo nwayọ, onye{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231221190856/https://perrone.blogs.com/horticultural/2008/11/the-slow-gardening-movement-.html Blọọgụ biputere na ọrụ ugbo nwayọ] * [https://www.digitalsages.us/caring-for-and-cultivating-succulents/ Ilekọta & Ịzụlite Succulents] * [http://www.hgtv.com/landscaping/slow-gardening/index.html Ihe onyonyo nke ụlọ na ubi] jzxq28zarm8tusca27ngs9gmrkp42h9 0 43562 692325 674353 2026-07-29T19:32:42Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692325 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Fatma Aly''' (amụrụ ya na onwa Febụwarị nke ubochi ato, n’afo 1997, na Alexandira) bụ onye Egypt na atu [[basketball]] onye na-egwuri egwu n'etiti maka ndi otu Al Ittihad na mba Egypt women's basketball team.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Eurobasket|title=Fatma Aly, Basketball Player, News, Stats - afrobasket|url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=Eurobasket LLC}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Fatma Aly nọchitere anya [[Egypt|Ijipt]] na afo 2013 mgbe a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ntorobịa mba ahụ ka ọ gbaa asọmpi FIBA U16 nke ụmụ nwanyị Afrika. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu ndị ntorobịa nke mba ahụ na-egwu asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị nke Afrịka nke afọ 2014, 2014 Afrobasket U18 ụmụ nwanyị na asọmpi ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị nke oge afo 2015. A kpọrọ ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndị isi obodo na afo 2015 n'oge Afrobasket ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ 2015, Afrobasquet ụmụ nwanyị nke FIBA nke afọ 2019, Afrobascket-Qualifiers ụmụ nwanyị nke afo 2023 na Afrobasket ụmụ nwanyị nke 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatma Aly - Player Profile|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/player/190813/Fatma-Aly|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatma Aly (Aly F.) - Career Stats - Flashscore.com|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/aly-fatma/MBl5sl3B/|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=www.flashscore.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatma Aly (Aly F.) - Player Profile - Basketball24.com|url=https://www.basketball24.com/player/aly-fatma/MBl5sl3B/|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=www.basketball24.com|language=en|archivedate=2024-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418110900/https://www.basketball24.com/player/aly-fatma/MBl5sl3B/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=archive.fiba.com: Players|url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/lid_38135_cp/1/pid/93912/q/Fatma%20Aly/rpp//_//players.html|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=archive.fiba.com}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Aly, Fatma}} 3qw37jjjv5fhdf9xmwyhtwfo47c9vrq 692332 692325 2026-07-29T19:41:50Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692332 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Fatma Aly''' (amụrụ ya na onwa Febụwarị nke ubochi ato, n’afo 1997, na Alexandira) bụ onye Egypt na atu [[basketball]] onye na-egwuri egwu n'etiti maka ndi otu Al Ittihad na mba Egypt women's basketball team.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Eurobasket|title=Fatma Aly, Basketball Player, News, Stats - afrobasket|url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=Eurobasket LLC}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Fatma Aly nọchitere anya [[Egypt|Ijipt]] na afo 2013 mgbe a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ntorobịa mba ahụ ka ọ gbaa asọmpi FIBA U16 nke ụmụ nwanyị Afrika. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu ndị ntorobịa nke mba ahụ na-egwu asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị nke Afrịka nke afọ 2014, 2014 Afrobasket U18 ụmụ nwanyị na asọmpi ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị nke oge afo 2015. A kpọrọ ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndị isi obodo na afo 2015 n'oge Afrobasket ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ 2015, Afrobasquet ụmụ nwanyị nke FIBA nke afọ 2019, Afrobascket-Qualifiers ụmụ nwanyị nke afo 2023 na Afrobasket ụmụ nwanyị nke 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatma Aly - Player Profile|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/player/190813/Fatma-Aly|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatma Aly (Aly F.) - Career Stats - Flashscore.com|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/aly-fatma/MBl5sl3B/|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=www.flashscore.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatma Aly (Aly F.) - Player Profile - Basketball24.com|url=https://www.basketball24.com/player/aly-fatma/MBl5sl3B/|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=www.basketball24.com|language=en|archivedate=2024-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418110900/https://www.basketball24.com/player/aly-fatma/MBl5sl3B/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=archive.fiba.com: Players|url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/lid_38135_cp/1/pid/93912/q/Fatma%20Aly/rpp//_//players.html|accessdate=2024-04-18|work=archive.fiba.com}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Aly, Fatma}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] abclhwv0sfunwcl3hui4lwqaj35asz8 0 44281 692282 180353 2026-07-29T18:17:28Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT and Databox 692282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  Felix Klieser (on 3 Jenụwarị 1991 ) bụ onye ikpe German nke mpi French .  [1] A nsogbu ya na-ejide ogwe aka.  Ọ na-akpọ mpi ahụ site na iji ụkwụ nke ụkwụ aka ekpe ya akpa valves.  A na-ejide mpi ahụ na tripod.  Ọ naghị aka n'ime mgbịrịgba mpi ahụ, n'ụzọ dị iche n'otú e si eji ngwá ọrụ ọrụ eme omenala, na-eji aka ekpe arụ ọrụ valves na ụgbọ aka nri n'ime mgbịrịgba. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/horn-player-without-arms-wins-top-german-music-prize/a-19025050|title=Horn player without arms wins top German music prize &#124; DW &#124; 03.02.2016|work=DW.COM}}</ref>A ikpe ya na Göttingen .  Ọ pụta ihe opi mgbe ọ dị afọ 4. [1] Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Hochschule für Musik, ndị egwu ihe nkiri und Medien Hannover .  Na 2016 ọ natara Leonard Bernstein Award [[Usòrò:2017_Sternstunden-Gala_-_Felix_Klieser_-_by_2eight_-_DSC2987.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Felix Klieser (2017)]] {{Clear}} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Klieser, Felix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] c4n2eltru1wwxni037wrhvw78v210ti 0 44502 692531 539294 2026-07-30T09:33:17Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Fatima Naoot, The Munathara Initiative - Mar 28, 2015.jpg|thumb|Fatima Naoot, The Munathara Initiative - Mar 28, 2015.jpg]] '''Fatima Naoot''' (Egyptian Arabic ; amụrụ na 18 Septemba 1964) bụ onye Egypt na-ede uri, onye ntụgharị na onye nta akụkọ. O dere akwụkwọ praịmarị ihe méré ótù nkiri iri na asatọ, gụnyere nchịkọta abụ asaa, ọ bụkwa onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Qaws Qazah'' (The Rainbow). Ọ sụgharịrị ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na anthologies site na Bekee gaa na Arabic. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ ma dee edemede maka ''Nesf El Donya'', ''Al-Masry Al-Youm'', na ''Youm7''. Tupu ọrụ edemede ya, Naoot rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ruo afọ 10 ma bụrụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ain Shams. N'afọ 2016, a mara nke ómá na mpaghara Naoot ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ atọ maka itinye ozi na Facebook na-akatọ igbu atụrụ n'oge emume onyonyoo na ndị Alakụba Eid al-Adha. Mgbe a rịọrọ arịrịọ, e belatara ikpe ya ruo ọnwa isii. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Fatima Sayyid [[Muhammad]] Hasan Naoot na 18 Septemba 1964 na Cairo, Egypt. O nwetara akara ngosi enyo nke ọbọdọ yugo mmụta na ihe owuwu site na Faculty of Engineering nke Mahadum Ain Shams na Cairo na 1987. <ref name="PI">{{Cite web|author=Nijland|first=Kees|title=Fatima Naoot|url=https://www.poetryinternational.com/en/poets-poems/poets/poet/102-9412_Naoot|publisher=Poetry International|accessdate=5 August 2023}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ maka Sabbour Consultants ruo afọ iri.<ref name="ILB">{{Cite web|title=Fatima Naoot|url=https://literaturfestival.com/en/authors/fatima-naoot/|publisher=Internationales Literaturfestival Berlin|accessdate=5 August 2023}}</ref> Naoot hapụrụ ọrụ ya n'ihe owuwu na ngwụcha afọ 1990 wee malite ide uri, ntụgharị, má na mpaghara ọwụwa ndọrọ ọchịchị rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ. Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Qaws Qazah'' (The Rainbow) <ref name="PI" />{{Cite web|author=Nijland|first=Kees|title=Fatima Naoot|url=https://www.poetryinternational.com/en/poets-poems/poets/poet/102-9412_Naoot|publisher=Poetry International|accessdate=5 August 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNijland">Nijland, Kees. [https://www.poetryinternational.com/en/poets-poems/poets/poet/102-9412_Naoot "Fatima Naoot"]. Poetry International<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> ma na-ede isiokwu na kọlụm kwa izu maka magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị Ijipt na Arab, gụnyere ''Nesf El Donya'', ''Al-Masry Al-Youm'', ''Youm7'', Al-Your Al-Sabaa, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Sakr|first=Taha|title=Egypt respects promoters of extremism and fights terrorists: Fatima Naoot|url=https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2016/12/25/606666/|work=Daily News Egypt|date=25 December 2016}}</ref> na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ akụkọ UAE. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mrs. Fatima Naoot|url=https://www.ecssr.ae/en/profiles/ms-fatima-naoot/|publisher=Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research|accessdate=5 August 2023}}</ref> Naoot edeela akwụkwọ iri na asatọ, gụnyere nchịkọta abụ asaa. O deela edemede na nkatọ akwụkwọ ma sụgharịa ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ghọrọ ndọrọ nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda akụkọ na anthologies site na Bekee gaa na Arabic. N'afọ 2000, Naoot dere ọtụtụ mpịakọta nke uri. Mpịakọta nke ise ya, A Bottle of Glue, meriri ihe nrite mbụ maka akwụkwọ Arabic na 2006 Hong Kong Literary Festival ma mesịa sụgharịa ya n'asụsụ Bekee na Chinese. Ọ sụgharịrị akụkọ mkpirikpi nke Virginia Woolf na John Ravenscroft, ọrụ Philip Roth, [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], [[Chinụa Achebe|Chinua Achebe]], na mpịakọta nke uri America na Bekee.<ref name="PI" />{{Cite web|author=Nijland|first=Kees|title=Fatima Naoot|url=https://www.poetryinternational.com/en/poets-poems/poets/poet/102-9412_Naoot|publisher=Poetry International|accessdate=5 August 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNijland">Nijland, Kees. [https://www.poetryinternational.com/en/poets-poems/poets/poet/102-9412_Naoot "Fatima Naoot"]. Poetry International<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Naoot agaala ọtụtụ emume na abịa ụbọchị uri, gụnyere Edinburgh International Book Festival, Moutanabbi International Poetry Festival na Zurich, <ref name="ILB" />{{Cite web|title=Fatima Naoot|url=https://literaturfestival.com/en/authors/fatima-naoot/|publisher=Internationales Literaturfestival Berlin|accessdate=5 August 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://literaturfestival.com/en/authors/fatima-naoot/ "Fatima Naoot"]. Internationales Literaturfestival Berlin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> na 2007, Emume Poetry International na Rotterdam. <ref name="PI" />{{Cite web|author=Nijland|first=Kees|title=Fatima Naoot|url=https://www.poetryinternational.com/en/poets-poems/poets/poet/102-9412_Naoot|publisher=Poetry International|accessdate=5 August 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNijland">Nijland, Kees. [https://www.poetryinternational.com/en/poets-poems/poets/poet/102-9412_Naoot "Fatima Naoot"]. Poetry International<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Nkatọ nke Eid al-Adha == N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, Naoot biputere ozi na Facebook na-akatọ igbu atụrụ maka ememe [[Àlakụ̀ba|Islam]] Eid al-Adha ("Ememe nke Àjà"). O zoro aka na nrọ [[Abram|Abraham]], na-ede "A ga-akpali ọtụtụ nde ihe e kere eke na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla na ogbugbu kachasị njọ nke ụmụ mmadụ mere ruo narị afọ iri na ọkara. Ogbugbu nke a na-emegharị kwa afọ n'ihi nrọ ọjọọ nke nwoke ezi omume banyere ezi nwa ya nwoke. " <ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news|author=Mourad|first=Mahmoud|title=Egyptian poet goes on trial accused of contempt of Islam|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-courts-poet-idUSKBN0L121M20150128|work=Reuters|date=28 January 2015|language=en}}</ref> N'ịgbaso ozi ya, mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na-eweghara na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ site nzọụkwụ mkpa n'ime ụkpụrụ ezubere mmadụ biri nke enyi iwe maka ihe a kọwara dị ka nkwulu ya. Ndị ọka iwu atọ gbara ya akwụkwọ na Disemba 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Raghavan|first=Sudarsan|title=Widening reach of blasphemy law, Egypt targets poet for Facebook post on sheep|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/re-energizing-blasphemy-law-egypt-prosecutes-for-a-facebook-post-on-sheep/2016/03/30/2fb4ee9c-df42-11e5-8c00-8aa03741dced_story.html|work=The Washington Post|date=31 March 2016}}</ref> Ndị ọkàiwu weghaara ikpe ahụ ma bo ya ebubo nlelị Islam, na-enye udo ọha na eze nsogbu, na ịgbasa esemokwu nke ịrọ òtù. N'otu isiokwu, ọ gọnahụrụ na ebumnuche ya bụ ịkparị okpukpe. E kpere ikpe ahụ na Jenụwarị 2015. [1] <ref>{{Cite news|title=Egyptian columnist to be tried for ‘insulting Islam’|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20141227-egyptian-columnist-be-tried-insulting-islam|work=France 24|date=27 December 2014|language=en}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2016, a mara Naoot ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ atọ ma nye ya ụgwọ EGP 20,000.<ref name="Ahram26012016">{{Cite news|author=El-Sayed Gamal El-Din|date=26 January 2016|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/185963/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptian-writer-Fatima-Naoot-sentenced-to--years-i.aspx|title=Egyptian writer Fatima Naoot sentenced to 3 years in jail for 'contempt of religion'|work=Ahram Online}}</ref> Ọ rịọrọ arịrịọ maka mkpebi ikpe ahụ, na Nọvemba 2016, ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe belatara ikpe ya ruo ọnwa isii.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Court issues reduced suspended prison sentence for Egyptian writer Fatima Naoot|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/250684/Egypt/Politics-/Court-issues-reduced-suspended-prison-sentence-for.aspx|work=Ahram Online|date=24 November 2016}}</ref> Naoot bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa onye omeiwu Ijipt. <ref name="Ahram26012016" />{{Cite news|author=El-Sayed Gamal El-Din|date=26 January 2016|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/185963/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptian-writer-Fatima-Naoot-sentenced-to--years-i.aspx|title=Egyptian writer Fatima Naoot sentenced to 3 years in jail for 'contempt of religion'|work=Ahram Online}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEl-Sayed_Gamal_El-Din2016">El-Sayed Gamal El-Din (26 January 2016). [http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/185963/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptian-writer-Fatima-Naoot-sentenced-to--years-i.aspx "Egyptian writer Fatima Naoot sentenced to 3 years in jail for 'contempt of religion'"]. ''Ahram Online''.</cite></ref> N'afọ 2023, Naoot pụtara na ajụjụ ọnụ telivishọn n'akụkụ di na nwunye Coptic Christian nke a napụrụ nwa nkuchi ha.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Shawkat|first=Ahmed|title=Little boy left in church back with foster parents after custody saga|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/little-boy-left-church-back-153000312.html|work=Yahoo Finance|date=31 March 2023}}</ref> ; Abụ uri * Pat mkpịsị aka, 2001 * ''Otu sentimita Site n'Ala'', 2002 * Akụkụ Longitudinal na Ncheta, 2003 * ''N'elu Ogwe Aka Nwanyị'', 2004 * Isi nke e kewara na Ogwe, 2005 * ''Akpa Ndị E ji Nkume Tụọ'', 2005 * Ụlọ Nsọ nke Roses, 2007 * Otu karama mmanụ ụgbọala, 2008 ; Nsụgharị * A Head Split with an Ax, Egypt, 2004 (Nchịkọta uri nke America na Britain sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Arabic) * Pockets Weighed with Stones, Egypt, 2005 (A book on Virginia Woolf including a Arabic translation of ya 1920 novel An Unwritten Novel) * Killing Rabbits (nke a sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Arabic), Egypt, 2005 (Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke John Ravenscroft sụgharịrị gaa n'asụsụ Arab) ; Nkatọ ọdịbendị * Ide na Chalk (Akwụkwọ banyere isiokwu gụnyere asụsụ, ntụgharị, nnwere onwe, nka na ihe owuwu) ; Akụkọ ifo == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Naoot, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 71wwk7wx2hc9upp26aeilh984mm56x3 0 44514 692520 595411 2026-07-30T09:27:17Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692520 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Director of the film “How Big is Your Love”, Fatima Zohra Zamoum addressing a press conference, during the 42nd International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2011), in Panaji, Goa on November 30, 2011.jpg|thumb|Fatma Zohra Zamoum]]{{Infobox person|name=Fatma Zohra Zamoum|image={{CSS image crop |Image = The Director of the film “How Big is Your Love”, Fatima Zohra Zamoum addressing a press conference, during the 42nd International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2011), in Panaji, Goa on November 30, 2011.jpg |bSize = 650 |cWidth = 240 |cHeight = 230 |oTop = 80 |oLeft = 265 |Location=center }}|caption=Fatma Zohra Zamoum, [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] ([[42nd International Film Festival of India|2011]])|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name -->|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1967|01|19|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Bordj Menaïel]], north of Algeria|nationality=Franco-Algerian|other_names=|occupation=Writer, filmmaker, educator|education=Cinematography and Audiovisual studies|years_active=|known_for=|notable_works=}} '''Fatma Zohra Zamoum''' (amụrụ na ubochi iri na itoolu na onwa Jenụwarị n'afo1967) bụ onye edemede Franco-Algeria, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nkuzi. <ref name="africult">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africultures.com/php/index.php?nav=personne&no=10422|title=Fatma Zohra Zamoun|publisher=Africultures|accessdate=15 March 2015|language=French}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Zamoun na Bordj Menaïel n'ebe ugwu Algeria, n'ime ezinụlọ a ma ama nke ndị nna nna ya bụ Omar ben Zamoum na Mohamed ben Zamoum. Mgbe ọ gachara na ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà eserese na Algiers (1985-1988), ọ gara Paris ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ime ihe nkiri sinima na agụmakwụkwọ olu ana eme nkiri na Sorbonne na 1995.<ref name="africult" />{{Cite web|url=http://www.africultures.com/php/index.php?nav=personne&no=10422|title=Fatma Zohra Zamoun|publisher=Africultures|accessdate=15 March 2015|language=French}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.africultures.com/php/index.php?nav=personne&no=10422 "Fatma Zohra Zamoun"] (in French). Africultures<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> Ọ na-eke oge ya n'etiti Algiers na Paris, na-achụso ihe ndị kachasị amasị ya, eserese, akụkọ ifo na ihe nkiri sinima.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/?menu=fiche&no=10422|title=Zamoum Fatma Zohra|publisher=Africine.org|accessdate=15 March 2015|language=}}</ref> ''[[Z'har]]'' (2009) bụ ihe nkiri mbụ nke Zamoun, na-egosi ihe nkiri sitere na ime ihe ike Algiers nwere na 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/?menu=film&no=8183|title=Z'har|publisher=Africine.org|accessdate=15 March 2015|language=}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, o duziri ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo dị mkpirikpi La Pelote de Laine ma dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gụnyere Comment j'ai fumé tous mes livres (2006). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.maghrebdesfilms.fr/z-har.html|title=Z'har|publisher=Les films maghrébins|accessdate=15 March 2015|language=French}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, ọ duziri ma mepụta ihe nkiri nke abụọ ''Kedach Ethabni'' (Combien tu m'aimes) nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere otú obere Adel si emeso oge ya na nne nne ya nọrọ mgbe nne na nna ya gbasara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/?menu=film&no=13195|title=Kedach ethabni (Combien tu m'aimes)|publisher=Africine.org|accessdate=15 March 2015|language=French}}</ref>Ọ duziri ma mepụta kemgbe ahụ "Azib Zamoum, Akụkọ gbasara ala", na 2014 Na 2019, o nwetara ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo dị ala nke aha ya bụ PARKOUR (S) na ihe ngosi a na-ebipụtabeghị: Ahụ + Nka <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmsdocumentaires.com/films/5267-azib-zamoum-une-histoire-de-terres|title=Azib Zamoum, une histoire de terres|accessdate=2024-05-13|archivedate=2021-07-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727114545/https://www.filmsdocumentaires.com/films/5267-azib-zamoum-une-histoire-de-terres}}</ref><ref>https://filmfreeway.com/PARKOURS and http://sudhorizons.dz/fr/principal-francais/culture/53364-41e-festival-international-du-cinema-du-caire-deux-fims-algeriens-en-competition</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmfreeway.com/BODYplusART777|title=Body + Art}}</ref> == Ọrụ == * 1995: Foto nke njem, ihe ngosi * 1996: Ihe mmụta nke ihe, ihe ngosi * 1999: À tous ceux qui partent, akwụkwọ akụkọ * 2003: narị afọ nke iri abụọ na ihe osise Algeria, ọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na nka * 2004: ''Ụlọ Roy Azdak'', ihe nkiri * 2005: La Pelote de laine, ihe ngosi * 2006: ''Olee otú m si ese akwụkwọ m niile'', akwụkwọ akụkọ * 2009: ''[[Z'har]]'' (Un) Lucky, ihe nkiri nnwale * 2009: ''Le Docker noir, ihe ngosi'' * 2012: ''Kedach Ethabni'' ma ọ bụ kedu ka ịhụnanya si abanye, ihe nkiri * 2014: "Azib Zamoum, Akụkọ Banyere Ala", ihe nkiri docu maka TV na sinima * 2019: "PARKOUR (S), akụkọ ifo * 2019: AHU+ NKA, ogologo ihe ngosi == Hụkwa == * Omar ben Zamoum * Mohamed ben Zamoum == Ebe m si dee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Zamoun, Fatma Zohra}} * {{IMDb name|2235254|Fatma Zohra Zamoum}} {{Authority control}}Nchịkọta ikike [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pfoilzryv9kyfhz46xzc2eilhvgd7cj 0 44587 692559 433557 2026-07-30T09:56:34Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692559 wikitext text/x-wiki Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ha agaghị ọbụna ọtụtụ ìhè n'obodo wee nweta nzere Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) na Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah ma nwee nzere Master of Fine Arts na Mahadim Hartford . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=FATRIC BEWONG|url=https://www.fatricbewong.com/|accessdate=2022-04-30|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520081401/https://www.fatricbewong.com/}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Akolgo|first=Ayine|date=2019-01-02|title=Rita Fatric Bewong: Fashioned From The Environment, Framed In Time And Finished In Color|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347423799|journal=Critical Interventions|volume=13|issue=1|pages=97–104|doi=10.1080/19301944.2020.1758509|issn=1930-1944}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2020-12-18|title=Fatric Bewong|url=https://liveart.dk/fatric-bewong/|accessdate=2023-06-02|work=Live Art Denmark|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602014357/https://liveart.dk/fatric-bewong/}}</ref> n'ọrụ ya, ọ na-enyocha mmekọrịta dị n'etiti colonization, ịzụ ahịa, ihe mkpofu, mmetọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.[3] == Ihe odide == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bewong, Fatric}} {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] daa9futa64ss8c00fkj034kyso5uepv 0 44944 692508 167093 2026-07-30T09:16:08Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Fatima Jamal|image=<!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->|alt=<!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->|caption=|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name -->|birth_date=<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. -->|birth_place=[[Atlanta]], Georgia, U.S.|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) -->|death_place=|nationality=American|other_names=FatFemme|occupation=Filmmaker, model, interdisciplinary artist|alma_mater=[[Morehouse College]]<br>[[The New School]]|years_active=|known_for=''No Fats, No Femmes'', [[Pose (TV series)|Pose]]|notable_works=|website={{URL|http://fatimajamal.com/}}}} == Akụkọ ndụ == A Jamal na Atlanta, Georgia wee gaa Morehouse College .  [1] Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ Ọhụrụ, bụ ebe ọ akwụkwọ ihe nkiri.  [2] Jamal nwere mgbaàmà nwoke na amụrụ ya mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.  [2] Ọ na- rasaasga ya site na Atlanta gaa New York City dị ka inye ya nhọrọ ime nke ọma.<ref name="Jezebel">{{Cite news|author=Thompson|first=Tracy|title=Fatima Jamal Is Styling|url=https://jezebel.com/fatima-jamal-is-styling-1830261646|accessdate=2020-09-22|publisher=Jezebel|date=2018-11-07}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Banyere nkà ya, Jamal kwuru, sị, "Ihe nka m na-elekwasị anya n'ezie na nwa, queer, ahụmahụ nwanyị n'ihi na ihe ndị ahụ bụ ihe niile m nwere mmasị na ya. Agaghị m agwụ ike ijide ndị ojii, queer, na trans ndị mmadụ na-egwupụta ihe anyị. akụkọ ihe mere eme." <ref name="Jezebel">{{Cite news|author=Thompson|first=Tracy|title=Fatima Jamal Is Styling|url=https://jezebel.com/fatima-jamal-is-styling-1830261646|accessdate=2020-09-22|publisher=Jezebel|date=2018-11-07}}</ref> === Ime na Modeling === <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abad|first=Mario|date=2020-01-13|title=Fatima Jamal (FatFemme) Made History on Florence Runway|url=https://www.papermag.com/fatima-jamal-fat-femme-runway-2644678699.html?rebelltitem=24#rebelltitem24?rebelltitem=24|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=PAPER|language=en}}</ref>Jamal jila na runways na New York Fashion Week, bụ ihe ihe nke ebe a na-eme egwuregwu, ma pụta na ihe ngosi TV Pose .  [1] Ọ bụ onye izizi trans ojii nke mbụ ije n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọ elu maka nnukwu ụlọ ejiji ụmụ nwoke, maka ahịrị unisex Stefano Pilati na ike 2020. Jamal gbara egwu na ihe nkiri Tourmaline Atlantic bụ Ọkpụkpụ Osimiri (2017), nke wepụrụ aha ya site na uri ama ama nke Lucille Clifton.[1]  Ihe nkiri a gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme ojii na New York City === Ọrụ ndekọ aha === <ref>{{Cite journal|author=|first=|date=July 2020|title=PROJECT: FATIMA JAMAL|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/202006/project-fatima-jamal-83293|journal=[[Artforum]]|volume=July/August 2020|pages=}}</ref>Na 2020, Jamal nsogbu igwe mmadụ na webụsa Indiegogo iji kwado akwụkwọ, No Fats, No Femmes, nke Jamal na-ede ma na-eduzi.  Dị ka mgbasa ozi ego ya si kwuo, ihe nkiri ahụ "na-egosi ma na-enye nsogbu ka anya nke ndị ọzọ - ndị na-acha ọcha anya - na-agwa ka anyị si ahụ onwe anyị na ibe anyị. N'  ime ya, m na-eme ka m nwee mmekọrịta na Black nke m, ahụ dị ka saịtị nke nkatọ na, òkù n'ime, n'ebe onwe-na-emekarị, a onwe-mere, adịghị ike, na egwu.  "  N'ime September 2020, ahụ ewelitere ihe ụmụaka $55,000.  [1] E ọrụ a na Artforum na Julaị 2020. == Ihe nketa == Akpọrọ Jamal ka ọ bụrụ isi iyi nke mkpali site n'aka ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe n'oge a. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2020-06-16|title=2020's MFA Grads on What It Means to Be an Artist Today|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-2020s-mfa-grads-artist-today|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Artsy|language=en|quote=Java Jones: "While in the studio, I often refer to this question Fatima Jamal posed in an Xtra interview: “Representation and visibility is given to us by larger power structures, but what do we give ourselves?”"}}</ref> Usoro eserese nke "Queer Icons" nke Gabriel Garcia Román (malitere na 2011), nke na-asọpụrụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-ese ihe, gụnyere ihe osise Jamal. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Durón|first=Maximilíano|date=2019-06-10|title=Leslie-Lohman Museum Will Stage Procession of 'Queer Icons' During NYC Pride March|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/leslie-lohman-museum-will-stage-procession-of-queer-icons-during-nyc-pride-march-12746/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=ARTNews|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jamal, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] dn7usi3du4ops83z2fed28nevslx9wm 692511 692508 2026-07-30T09:17:02Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT}} {{Infobox person|name=Fatima Jamal|image=<!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->|alt=<!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->|caption=|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name -->|birth_date=<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. -->|birth_place=[[Atlanta]], Georgia, U.S.|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) -->|death_place=|nationality=American|other_names=FatFemme|occupation=Filmmaker, model, interdisciplinary artist|alma_mater=[[Morehouse College]]<br>[[The New School]]|years_active=|known_for=''No Fats, No Femmes'', [[Pose (TV series)|Pose]]|notable_works=|website={{URL|http://fatimajamal.com/}}}} == Akụkọ ndụ == A Jamal na Atlanta, Georgia wee gaa Morehouse College .  [1] Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ Ọhụrụ, bụ ebe ọ akwụkwọ ihe nkiri.  [2] Jamal nwere mgbaàmà nwoke na amụrụ ya mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.  [2] Ọ na- rasaasga ya site na Atlanta gaa New York City dị ka inye ya nhọrọ ime nke ọma.<ref name="Jezebel">{{Cite news|author=Thompson|first=Tracy|title=Fatima Jamal Is Styling|url=https://jezebel.com/fatima-jamal-is-styling-1830261646|accessdate=2020-09-22|publisher=Jezebel|date=2018-11-07}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Banyere nkà ya, Jamal kwuru, sị, "Ihe nka m na-elekwasị anya n'ezie na nwa, queer, ahụmahụ nwanyị n'ihi na ihe ndị ahụ bụ ihe niile m nwere mmasị na ya. Agaghị m agwụ ike ijide ndị ojii, queer, na trans ndị mmadụ na-egwupụta ihe anyị. akụkọ ihe mere eme." <ref name="Jezebel">{{Cite news|author=Thompson|first=Tracy|title=Fatima Jamal Is Styling|url=https://jezebel.com/fatima-jamal-is-styling-1830261646|accessdate=2020-09-22|publisher=Jezebel|date=2018-11-07}}</ref> === Ime na Modeling === <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abad|first=Mario|date=2020-01-13|title=Fatima Jamal (FatFemme) Made History on Florence Runway|url=https://www.papermag.com/fatima-jamal-fat-femme-runway-2644678699.html?rebelltitem=24#rebelltitem24?rebelltitem=24|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=PAPER|language=en}}</ref>Jamal jila na runways na New York Fashion Week, bụ ihe ihe nke ebe a na-eme egwuregwu, ma pụta na ihe ngosi TV Pose .  [1] Ọ bụ onye izizi trans ojii nke mbụ ije n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọ elu maka nnukwu ụlọ ejiji ụmụ nwoke, maka ahịrị unisex Stefano Pilati na ike 2020. Jamal gbara egwu na ihe nkiri Tourmaline Atlantic bụ Ọkpụkpụ Osimiri (2017), nke wepụrụ aha ya site na uri ama ama nke Lucille Clifton.[1]  Ihe nkiri a gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme ojii na New York City === Ọrụ ndekọ aha === <ref>{{Cite journal|author=|first=|date=July 2020|title=PROJECT: FATIMA JAMAL|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/202006/project-fatima-jamal-83293|journal=[[Artforum]]|volume=July/August 2020|pages=}}</ref>Na 2020, Jamal nsogbu igwe mmadụ na webụsa Indiegogo iji kwado akwụkwọ, No Fats, No Femmes, nke Jamal na-ede ma na-eduzi.  Dị ka mgbasa ozi ego ya si kwuo, ihe nkiri ahụ "na-egosi ma na-enye nsogbu ka anya nke ndị ọzọ - ndị na-acha ọcha anya - na-agwa ka anyị si ahụ onwe anyị na ibe anyị. N'  ime ya, m na-eme ka m nwee mmekọrịta na Black nke m, ahụ dị ka saịtị nke nkatọ na, òkù n'ime, n'ebe onwe-na-emekarị, a onwe-mere, adịghị ike, na egwu.  "  N'ime September 2020, ahụ ewelitere ihe ụmụaka $55,000.  [1] E ọrụ a na Artforum na Julaị 2020. == Ihe nketa == Akpọrọ Jamal ka ọ bụrụ isi iyi nke mkpali site n'aka ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe n'oge a. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2020-06-16|title=2020's MFA Grads on What It Means to Be an Artist Today|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-2020s-mfa-grads-artist-today|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Artsy|language=en|quote=Java Jones: "While in the studio, I often refer to this question Fatima Jamal posed in an Xtra interview: “Representation and visibility is given to us by larger power structures, but what do we give ourselves?”"}}</ref> Usoro eserese nke "Queer Icons" nke Gabriel Garcia Román (malitere na 2011), nke na-asọpụrụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-ese ihe, gụnyere ihe osise Jamal. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Durón|first=Maximilíano|date=2019-06-10|title=Leslie-Lohman Museum Will Stage Procession of 'Queer Icons' During NYC Pride March|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/leslie-lohman-museum-will-stage-procession-of-queer-icons-during-nyc-pride-march-12746/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=ARTNews|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jamal, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 76ov6s20pg4xyv3az9jjv7o3jijyiqm 692513 692511 2026-07-30T09:18:29Z Sayvhior 13464 692513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox person|name=Fatima Jamal|image=<!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->|alt=<!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->|caption=|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name -->|birth_date=<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. -->|birth_place=[[Atlanta]], Georgia, U.S.|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) -->|death_place=|nationality=American|other_names=FatFemme|occupation=Filmmaker, model, interdisciplinary artist|alma_mater=[[Morehouse College]]<br>[[The New School]]|years_active=|known_for=''No Fats, No Femmes'', [[Pose (TV series)|Pose]]|notable_works=|website={{URL|http://fatimajamal.com/}}}} == Akụkọ ndụ == A Jamal na Atlanta, Georgia wee gaa Morehouse College .  [1] Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ Ọhụrụ, bụ ebe ọ akwụkwọ ihe nkiri.  [2] Jamal nwere mgbaàmà nwoke na amụrụ ya mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.  [2] Ọ na- rasaasga ya site na Atlanta gaa New York City dị ka inye ya nhọrọ ime nke ọma.<ref name="Jezebel">{{Cite news|author=Thompson|first=Tracy|title=Fatima Jamal Is Styling|url=https://jezebel.com/fatima-jamal-is-styling-1830261646|accessdate=2020-09-22|publisher=Jezebel|date=2018-11-07}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Banyere nkà ya, Jamal kwuru, sị, "Ihe nka m na-elekwasị anya n'ezie na nwa, queer, ahụmahụ nwanyị n'ihi na ihe ndị ahụ bụ ihe niile m nwere mmasị na ya. Agaghị m agwụ ike ijide ndị ojii, queer, na trans ndị mmadụ na-egwupụta ihe anyị. akụkọ ihe mere eme." <ref name="Jezebel">{{Cite news|author=Thompson|first=Tracy|title=Fatima Jamal Is Styling|url=https://jezebel.com/fatima-jamal-is-styling-1830261646|accessdate=2020-09-22|publisher=Jezebel|date=2018-11-07}}</ref> === Ime na Modeling === <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abad|first=Mario|date=2020-01-13|title=Fatima Jamal (FatFemme) Made History on Florence Runway|url=https://www.papermag.com/fatima-jamal-fat-femme-runway-2644678699.html?rebelltitem=24#rebelltitem24?rebelltitem=24|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=PAPER|language=en}}</ref>Jamal jila na runways na New York Fashion Week, bụ ihe ihe nke ebe a na-eme egwuregwu, ma pụta na ihe ngosi TV Pose .  [1] Ọ bụ onye izizi trans ojii nke mbụ ije n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọ elu maka nnukwu ụlọ ejiji ụmụ nwoke, maka ahịrị unisex Stefano Pilati na ike 2020. Jamal gbara egwu na ihe nkiri Tourmaline Atlantic bụ Ọkpụkpụ Osimiri (2017), nke wepụrụ aha ya site na uri ama ama nke Lucille Clifton.[1]  Ihe nkiri a gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme ojii na New York City === Ọrụ ndekọ aha === <ref>{{Cite journal|author=|first=|date=July 2020|title=PROJECT: FATIMA JAMAL|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/202006/project-fatima-jamal-83293|journal=[[Artforum]]|volume=July/August 2020|pages=}}</ref>Na 2020, Jamal nsogbu igwe mmadụ na webụsa Indiegogo iji kwado akwụkwọ, No Fats, No Femmes, nke Jamal na-ede ma na-eduzi.  Dị ka mgbasa ozi ego ya si kwuo, ihe nkiri ahụ "na-egosi ma na-enye nsogbu ka anya nke ndị ọzọ - ndị na-acha ọcha anya - na-agwa ka anyị si ahụ onwe anyị na ibe anyị. N'  ime ya, m na-eme ka m nwee mmekọrịta na Black nke m, ahụ dị ka saịtị nke nkatọ na, òkù n'ime, n'ebe onwe-na-emekarị, a onwe-mere, adịghị ike, na egwu.  "  N'ime September 2020, ahụ ewelitere ihe ụmụaka $55,000.  [1] E ọrụ a na Artforum na Julaị 2020. == Ihe nketa == Akpọrọ Jamal ka ọ bụrụ isi iyi nke mkpali site n'aka ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe n'oge a. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2020-06-16|title=2020's MFA Grads on What It Means to Be an Artist Today|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-2020s-mfa-grads-artist-today|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Artsy|language=en|quote=Java Jones: "While in the studio, I often refer to this question Fatima Jamal posed in an Xtra interview: “Representation and visibility is given to us by larger power structures, but what do we give ourselves?”"}}</ref> Usoro eserese nke "Queer Icons" nke Gabriel Garcia Román (malitere na 2011), nke na-asọpụrụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-ese ihe, gụnyere ihe osise Jamal. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Durón|first=Maximilíano|date=2019-06-10|title=Leslie-Lohman Museum Will Stage Procession of 'Queer Icons' During NYC Pride March|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/leslie-lohman-museum-will-stage-procession-of-queer-icons-during-nyc-pride-march-12746/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=ARTNews|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jamal, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] nsjypl371ul2oxv5z3guwbbfuk1s34x 0 45161 692393 541122 2026-07-29T22:46:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692393 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Yashua Klos 05.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Yashua Klos]]   <ref name="a">{{Cite web|title=Yashua Klos|url=https://www.artspace.com/artist/yashua_klos|work=Artspace|publisher=Phaidon Global|accessdate=21 March 2018|archivedate=6 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044010/https://www.artspace.com/artist/yashua_klos}}</ref>Yashua Klos (amuru 1977) bu onye omenka ihe nlere America kacha mara amara maka oru ohuru ohuru ya nke na-ekwu okwu uzo, uzo, ebe nchekwa na obodo. == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yashua Klos|url=https://www.artslant.com/global/artists/show/10191-yashua-klos?tab=PROFILE|work=ArtSlant|publisher=ArtSlant Inc.|accessdate=21 March 2018|archivedate=22 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322082556/https://www.artslant.com/global/artists/show/10191-yashua-klos?tab=PROFILE}}</ref>Aka Klos na Chicago, Illinois, ebe o tolitere na Chicago's South Side ma nne ya naanị ya na-azụrụ ya.  [1] Na 2000, o nzere bachelọ nke Fine Arts na Mahadum Northern Illinois .  [2] Klos wee akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na mba ofesi na France, ebe ọyọra usoro usoro Renaissance na L'Atelier Neo Medici na 2002. Site na 2009, ọ ama nzere Master of Fine Arts na Hunter College == Art == Ọrụ Klos na-emetụta ya site n'oge ọ bụ nwata na-etolite na Chicago's South Side.  Ọrụ ya na-kpakarị, emetụta African-American na ọha mmadụ nke oge a.  Site na nnukwu mkpokọta ya, Klos na-ama aka n'uche nke mwepu, oke nwoke, na-emeka ifo obodo.  [1] Ọ na-ese foto nke ndị mmadụ sitere na Chicago's South Side, na-mpụtapụta mmetụta mbelata, ngọnarị, na ihe mgbu ike ike a na-enweta na obodo ndị ojii.  Enwere "stoicism" n'etiti "ndị ojii" Klos gbara ọkụ, ihe mmewere ọ na-anwa oyiyipụ site n'ịmụ ụdị omume nke ime nke ime na ime nke ọma.  N'ozuzu, ọ na-ama aka akpa na-akpa ya na onye Afrika-American. === Ime mbipụta === N'enwe ya ndị mbụ, a mara Klos maka ibipụta nnukwu osisi n'elu nnukwu muslin.  [1] Mmasị ya na usoro ahụ toro site n'ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri America-Amerika bụ ndị were ya n'ịnweghị ike afọ nke 20, dị ka Charles White, Elizabeth Catlett, na Emily Douglas.  Site n'igbutu na itching site n'iji usoro nke na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, nke nwere akara, ọ na-e mmetụta "nkwenye nke nkà na-eme ihe oyiyi" nke na-adabere na nke a nke mmadụ ọ na-enwe ihe oyiyi <ref name="b">{{Cite web|title=As Above, So Below|url=https://newfound.org/archives/volume-7/issue-3/visual-arts-yashua-klos/|work=Newfound|publisher=Newfound|accessdate=21 March 2018}}</ref> === Collage === Klos collages sitere na omume ya dị ka onye na-ebi akwụkwọ. N'iji usoro ahaziri onwe ya, ọ na-emepụta swatches na ihe atụ nke textures site na iji aka na-akpụ ihe na itinye akwụkwọ mgbochi osisi iji mepụta ọbá akwụkwọ nke isi mmalite. Site n'ibe na ịhazi nhọrọ nke ụkpụrụ, a na-edobe ha n'elu ụkpụrụ pensụl iji mepụta ihe osise zuru oke. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yashua Klos|url=http://artonthevinemv.com/yashua-klos/|work=Art on the Vine|publisher=Art on the Vine Foundation|accessdate=21 March 2018}}</ref> A na-egosipụta echiche ya nke ebe nchekwa na mgbagwoju anya site n'igosipụta echiche gbajiri agbaji na echiche angled. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Brock|first=Polly|title=Stoicism and Survival: Interview with Yashua Klos|url=http://www.artctualite.com/stoicism-and-survival-interview-with-yashua-klos/|work=Art/ctualité|publisher=Art/ctualité|accessdate=21 March 2018|archivedate=24 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924131132/http://www.artctualite.com/stoicism-and-survival-interview-with-yashua-klos/}}</ref> Klos na-ele collage anya ka ọ bụghị naanị usoro, kama ọ bụ "ihe atụ maka nkewa nke njirimara African-American". <ref name="a"/> === Ọkpụkpụ === Klos zoro aka na ihe ndị dị n'ụwa, ndị na-ahụ maka anụ ahụ ọ na-ele anya dị ka ndị siri ike ma bụrụ ndị na-adịghị ike n'ime oge. Ọ na-ejikọta enweghị oge na ihe ncheta oge ochie, echiche ọ na-emetụta ihe ọkpụkpụ ya iji kọwaa "ihe ncheta nke njirimara omenala na mmekọrịta na oge". Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ na-agụnye ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'ime ime obodo, dị ka igbe mmiri ara ehi, brik, na ibé osisi. Ojiji nke ndị a na-ajụ ase na-atụ aro ka Klos nwee ọchịchọ ịmepụta njirimara dị mkpa na nzụlite ya. <ref name="b"/> [[Usòrò:Yashua Klos 03.jpg|thumb|Yashua]] == Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara == * 2018: ''Go Figure'', The Pizzuti Collection, Columbus, OH<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://jacktiltongallery.com/content/6.artists/22.klos/Biography.pdf|title=Jack Tilton Gallery}}</ref> * 2017: ''Everyday Anomaly'', WHATIFTHEWORLD, Cape Town, South Africa<ref name=":1" /> * 2017: ''Art on the Vine'', presented by The Agora Culture, Edgartown, MA<ref name=":1" /> * 2017: ''Face to Face: Los Angeles Collects Portraiture'', California African American Museum, Los Angeles, CA<ref name=":1" /> * 2017: ''Give Us the Vote'', ArtsWestchester, White Plains, NY<ref name=":1" /> * 2016: ''Black Pulp!'', The International Print Center, New York, NY<ref name=":1" /> * 2016, September: Galerie Anne DeVillepoix, ''Blank Black'', Paris, France<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annedevillepoix.com/en/expositions/presentation/105/blank-black|title=Yashua Klos: Blank Black|work=Anne de Villepoix|publisher=Galerie Anne de Villepoix|accessdate=21 March 2018|archivedate=22 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322143008/http://www.annedevillepoix.com/en/expositions/presentation/105/blank-black}}</ref> * 2016, September: Papillon Art, ''Yashua Klos: How to Hide in the Wind'', Los Angeles CA<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.papillionart.com/how-to-hide-in-the-wind/|title=How To Hide In The Wind - PAPILLION|work=www.papillionart.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-01-18}}</ref> * 2015: ''To Be Young, Gifted, and Black'', curated by Hank Willis Thomas, Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg, South Africa<ref name=":1" /> * 2015: ''Broken English'', curated by Kim Stern, Tyburn Gallery, London, UK<ref name=":1" /> * 2015, September: Jack Tilton Gallery, ''As Below, So Above'', New York, NY<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jacktiltongallery.com/exhibitions/past/klos-as-below-so-above/|title=Yashua Klos: As Below, So Above|work=Tilton Gallery|publisher=Jack Tilton Gallery|accessdate=21 March 2018}}</ref> * 2014, February: Carnegie Mellon University, Draw 2014 Symposium, Pittsburgh, PA<ref name="c">{{Cite web|title=Yashua Klos Resume|url=http://www.yashuaklos.net/new-page-1/|work=Yashua Klos|publisher=Yashua Klos|accessdate=22 March 2018}}</ref> * 2014, November: Opa Locka ARC, ''In Plain Sight'', Opa-Locka, FL<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nahmad|first=Valerie|title=The Art of Transformation Series Celebrates the Revitalization of Opa-Locka|url=https://www.knightfoundation.org/articles/the-art-of-transformation-series-celebrates-the-revitalization-of-opa-locka|work=Knight Foundation|publisher=John S. and James L. Knight Foundation|accessdate=22 March 2018|archivedate=23 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323030749/https://www.knightfoundation.org/articles/the-art-of-transformation-series-celebrates-the-revitalization-of-opa-locka}}</ref> * 2013, March: Jack Tilton Gallery, ''We Come Undone'', New York, NY<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://observer.com/2013/03/yashua-klos-we-come-undone-at-tilton-gallery/|title='Yashua Klos: We Come Undone' at Tilton Gallery|date=2013-03-05|work=Observer|language=en|accessdate=2019-01-18}}</ref> * 2012, October: Memphis College of Art, ''Singular Masses'', Memphis, TN<ref>{{Cite web|title=Memphis College of Art Debuts Exhibition Exploring Racial Identity|url=http://mca.edu/memphis-college-of-art-debuts-exhibition-exploring-racial-identity/|work=Memphis College of Art|publisher=Tennessee Arts Foundation|accessdate=22 March 2018|date=2013-01-15|archivedate=2016-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911170335/http://mca.edu/memphis-college-of-art-debuts-exhibition-exploring-racial-identity/}}</ref> * 2012: Weatherspoon Museum, ''Art on Paper'', Greensboro, NC<ref>{{Cite web|title=Art on Paper 2012: The 42nd Exhibition|url=http://weatherspoon.uncg.edu/exhibitions/show/?title=art-on-paper-2012-the-42nd-exhibition|work=Weatherspoon Art Museum|publisher=The University of North Carolina Greensboro|accessdate=22 March 2018}}</ref> * 2012, November: Studio Museum in Harlem, ''Fore'', New York, NY<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fore|url=https://www.studiomuseum.org/exhibition/fore|work=Studio Museum|publisher=Studio Museum Harlem|accessdate=22 March 2018|date=2017-09-12}}</ref> * 2012: Dodge Gallery, ''Bigger Than Shadows'', New York NY * 2011, June: Kravetz Wehby, ''Paperwork'', New York, NY<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kravets/Wehby Gallery Presents: "Paperwork"|url=http://www.brooklynstreetart.com/theblog/2011/05/15/kravetswehby-gallery-presents-paperwork-manhattan-ny/|work=Brooklyn Street Art|publisher=Brooklyn Street Art|accessdate=22 March 2018}}</ref> * 2010, July: Scaramouche Gallery, ''Lush Life'', New York, NY<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lush Life|url=http://www.scaramoucheart.com/exhibitions/2010e/lush-life-chapter-eight-17-plus-25-is-32|work=Scaramouche Gallery|publisher=Scaramouche NY|accessdate=22 March 2018|archivedate=23 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323031513/http://www.scaramoucheart.com/exhibitions/2010e/lush-life-chapter-eight-17-plus-25-is-32}}</ref> * 2010, September: Tilton Gallery, ''ELSE'', New York, NY<ref>{{Cite news|author=Cotter|first=Holland|title=Else|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/24/arts/artsspecial/24galleriesc1.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=22 March 2018|date=2010-09-24}}</ref> * 2010, October: Catskill Art Society, ''Utopia and Wallpaper'', Livingston Manor, NY<ref name="c" /> * 2009, January: Museum of Science and Industry, ''Black Creativity 09'', Chicago, IL<ref name="c" /> * 2009, June: Hunterdon Museum of Art, ''Up and Coming'', Clinton, NJ<ref name="d">{{Cite news|author=Genocchio|first=Benjamin|title=By Invitation Only|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/23/nyregion/23artsnj.html|work=The New York Times|date=21 August 2009|accessdate=21 March 2018}}</ref> * 2008, February: Rush Arts Gallery, ''Garveyism'', New York, NY<ref name="c" /> * 2008, August: Port Authority Bus Terminal, ''The Mt. Rushmore Drawings'', New York NY<ref name="c" /> * 2006, February: The Abrons Art Center, ''Inner Visions'', New York, NY<ref name="c" /> * 2006, September: Deitch Projects, ''Deitch Art Parade'', New York, NY<ref name="c" /> == Ihe nrite na ebe obibi == * Onyinye NYFA, 2015 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Past Fellows|url=https://www.nyfa.org/Content/Show/Past%20Fellows|work=NYFA|publisher=New York Foundation for the Arts|accessdate=22 March 2018}}</ref> * Mmekọrịta Joan Mitchell, 2014 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yashua Klos|url=http://joanmitchellfoundation.org/artist-programs/artist-grants/painter-sculptors/2014/yashua-klos|work=Joan Mitchell Foundation|publisher=Joan Mitchell Foundation|accessdate=22 March 2018}}</ref> * Ụlọ akwụkwọ Skowhegan nke eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ, 2005 <ref name="c"/> * Ebe Bemis maka nka nka nke oge a <ref name="c" /> * Ụlọ ihe nkiri Vermont <ref name="c" /> == Nkuzi == Yashua Klos na-akụzi mgbe niile na Hunter College na Parson's <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/1178084/a-conversation-with-yashua-klos-on-violence-police-and-art|title=A Conversation With Yashua Klos on Violence, Police, and Art|work=Blouin Artinfo|accessdate=21 March 2018|archivedate=22 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322144307/http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/1178084/a-conversation-with-yashua-klos-on-violence-police-and-art}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * http://www.yashuaklos.net/ [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] epd0w6qfn0tbg47ld4xqttufx3k1bqx 0 45223 692364 170534 2026-07-29T20:48:01Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692364 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Oluwafemi Elufowoju Jr.''' OBE ( {{Audio|Fẹ́mi Elúfowójù.wav|Listen}} ; / ˈ fɛ m i ɛ ˌ l ʊ fə ˈwɒ dʒ uː / FEM -ee FEM LUU -fə- WOJ -oo ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xFml8wZUqc&t=18s|title=Femi Elufowoju Jr speaks on Finding Home|date=6 November 2014|accessdate=11 January 2019}}</ref> amụrụ 31 Ọktoba 1962) bụ onye amụrụ na Britain, onye Naijiria zụlitere na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ okike. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Off-West End Awards 2019 winners announced {{!}} WhatsOnStage|url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/off-west-end-awards-2019-winners-the-rink_48439.html|accessdate=2022-08-16|work=www.whatsonstage.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Finalists & Winners – The Offies|url=https://offies.london/2019-finalists-winners/|accessdate=2022-08-16|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=altafrica10|date=2019-02-11|title=Theatre News: Femi Elufowoju Wins for Director "Secret Lives of Baba Segi's Wives 2019 Offies|url=https://alt-africa.com/2019/02/11/theatre-news-femi-elufowoju-wins-for-director-secret-lives-of-baba-segis-wives-2019-offies/|accessdate=2022-08-16|work=Alt A Review|language=en-US}}</ref> Mgbe Alton Kumalo, onye nchoputa nke Temba Theater Company, Elufowoju bụ onye isi ụlọ ihe nkiri nke abụọ sitere na agbụrụ Africa iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ nlegharị anya mba na UK (Tiata Fahodzi, 1997). <ref name="BWW">{{Cite news|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/uk-regional/article/Photo-Flash-THE-HOTEL-CERISE-Rehearses-20161003|title=Photo Flash: THE HOTEL CERISE Rehearses|author=BWW News Desk|work=Broad Way World|accessdate=2017-03-26|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenewblackmagazine.com/view.aspx?index=2469|title=Femi Elufowoju Jr. {{!}} An Interview|first=Shaun Ajamu|author=Hutchinson|work=The New Black Magazine|date=October 28, 2010|accessdate=2017-03-27|archivedate=2017-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105458/http://thenewblackmagazine.com/view.aspx?index=2469}}</ref> A hụla ọrụ ọkwa Elufowoju n'ofe ọtụtụ ụlọ nrụpụta flagship dị na UK, ma sorokwa ndị a ma ama na-emepụta ihe n'ime ihe nkiri, telivishọn na redio. Elufowoju ka a họpụtara [[Order of the British Empire|onye isi nke Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) na 2023 Birthday Honors maka ọrụ maka ihe nkiri. == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Elufowoju '''Elugbaju Oluyinka Oluwafemi''' na 31 October 1962 na Hammersmith, London, nye nne na nna Naijiria si Ile-Ife . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2019/may/27/femi-elufowoju-jr-hoard-the-glass-menagerie-arcola-london|title=Femi Elufowoju Jr: Why did Tennessee Williams marginalise African Americans?|author=Minamore|first=Bridget|authorlink=Bridget Minamore|date=2019-05-27|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2019-05-27|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ gara Copenhagen Primary & Junior School, Islington, site na 1967 ruo 1974, tupu ọ kwaga Nigeria. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị nke Sacred Heart, Ring Road, [[Ibadan]], na 1975, na ụlọ akwụkwọ Christ, Ado Ekiti (1975–80), tupu ọmụmụ A-level na [[Ȯra Ọyọ|Oyo State]] College of Arts and Science na 1980. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/femi-elufowoju-jr-answer-the-questions-78979.html|title=Femi Elufowoju, Jr: Answer The Questions!|date=2003-11-16|work=The Independent|accessdate=2017-03-27|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ Iwu na [[Mahadum nke Obafemi Awolowo|Mahadum Ife]] (nke bụzi Obafemi Awolowo University) mana a dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ pụọ na 1985 obere oge tupu ọ laghachi UK. Ọ gara North London College, ebe ọ nwetara Asambodo na Community Theatre. Na 1990, o nwetara nzere bachelọ na Dramatic Arts site na Bretton Hall College nke Mahadum Leeds. N'agbata afọ 2010 na 2012, Elufowoju nwetara ezumike ọrụ ịga mahadum South Bank wee tinye uche na nzere postgraduate na Education. == Ụlọ ihe nkiri == N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1995, Mehmet Ergen kpọrọ Elufowoju ka ọ bụrụ isi akụkọ oge nke egwuregwu Africa na Southwark Playhouse . Egwuregwu ahụ mechara bụrụ ihe nrụpụta mbụ nke onye nduzi na-eto eto bụ onye edemede Mauritian San Cassimally's ''Acquisitive Case'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Review of Acquisitive Case|url=http://www.cix.co.uk/~shutters/reviews/95068.htm|first=Ian|author=Shuttleworth|date=1995|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=www.cix.co.uk}}</ref> Mmepụta ahụ mere ka Elufowoju nweta nchekwa mpaghara mpaghara Theater Young Director bursary site na Channel 4 na Cameron Mackintosh Foundation iji zụọ dịka onye isi ihe nkiri n'okpuru Philip Hedley na Theater Royal Stratford East . N'afọ sochirinụ, mgbe njem nlegharị anya nke Sweden na mmepụta nke abụọ ya (na egwuregwu nke mbụ e dere) ''Tiketi na Ties: The African Tale'', a na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ka "ihe ngosi kachasị ukwuu na nke kasị ukwuu n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Africa", <ref>{{Cite web|author=Web|first=UK Theatre|title=Archive for Tickets and Ties: The African Tale at Theatre Royal Stratford East, London. 1997. [LONDON]|url=https://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/London/Theatre-Royal-Stratford-East/Unknown/Tickets-and-Ties-The-African-Tale/L0325066904/|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=UK Theatre Web|language=en}}</ref> Elufowoju guzobere Tiata Fahodzi, ụlọ ọrụ na-eme ihe nkiri nke mba, nkwupụta ozi ya bụ isi bụ igosi ahụmahụ Africa na ọkwa Britain. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenewblackmagazine.com/2024/01/13/httpwww-thenewblackmagazine-comview-aspxindex2058/|title=Delighting in That Golden Hour: An interview with Femi Elufowoju|first=Uchenna|author=Izundu|date=13 January 2024|accessdate=23 May 2024|archivedate=16 February 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216235911/https://thenewblackmagazine.com/2024/01/13/httpwww-thenewblackmagazine-comview-aspxindex2058/}}</ref> Ọ ji nka duru ụlọ ọrụ ahụ afọ iri na atọ, na-eduzi ma na-egosi ihe karịrị egwuregwu iri atọ, gụnyere ihe ngosi ya nke [[Ola Rotimi]] 's ''The Gods Are Not to Blame'' <ref>{{Cite news|date=2005-06-10|title=The Gods Are Not to Blame, Arcola, London|url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2005/jun/11/theatre1|accessdate=2021-06-01|first=Michael|author=Billington|authorlink=Michael Billington (critic)|work=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> na Oladipo Agboluaje's ''Iya-Ile: First Wife'' <ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-05-24|title=Theatre review: Iyà-Ilé / Soho, London|url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2009/may/24/iya-ile-soho-london-agboluaje|accessdate=2021-06-01|first=Lyn|author=Gardner|work=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Onyinye Olivier ). <ref>{{Cite news|first=Veronica|author=Lee|date=2012-06-27|title=Femi Elufowoju Jr: Our man in Borgen|language=en-GB|work=[[The Evening Standard]]|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/theatre/femi-elufowoju-jr-our-man-in-borgen-7892435.html|accessdate=2017-03-26}}</ref> <ref name="BWW"/> N'otu oge ahụ, Elufowoju jere ozi dị ka onye na-eduzi egwuregwu na Almeida Theatre, Royal Court Theatre, West Yorkshire Playhouse, na New Wolsey Theatre na Ipswich . == Arụmọrụ == Ihe ngosi telivishọn Elufowoju pụtara ìhè gụnyere na usoro ihe nkiri BBC a na-asọpụrụ nke ukwuu ''Little Miss Jocelyn'' dị ka Mr Omwokpopopo, ihe nkiri serial ''Moses Jones'', ''Wire in the Blood'', ''Borgen'', ''Enterprice'', ''Year of the Rabbit,'' ''Silent Witness'', na oge abụọ mbụ nke ''mmụta mmekọahụ'' . Ihe ngosi ihe nkiri ya gụnyere ''Akụkọ Ochie nke 1900'', ''Mechanic: Mbilite n'Ọnwụ'', ''The Saint'' na ''The Princess Switch 3'' na Vanessa Hudgens. Ihe ngosi ọkwa mbụ ya gụnyere mmepụta maka Midlands dabere&nbsp;Ụlọ ihe nkiri ụlọ ihe nkiri, ụlọ ọrụ Welsh Theat Iolo, Manchester's Royal Exchange, Kwuru site na Idiot, Commonweal, Eastern Angles, Talawa Theater Company, Royal Court, National Theatre na nso nso a, njem nleta ụwa nke Lionboy (gụnyere Broadway) na mgbagwoju anya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Princess Switch 3 (2021) - IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14731142/|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=www.imdb.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ agbakwunyere na nka == N'agbata 1999 na 2006, Elufowoju sonyeere Yvonne Brewster, Graham Whybrow, Roland Rees na Mustapha Mutura n'otu n'otu na kọmitii ikpe maka ihe nrite Alfred Fagon. N'afọ 2003, a họpụtara Elufowoju onye isi ngalaba na-akwado Commonwealth Parade (The Mall Pageant) na mmemme nke Golden Jubilee Celebration of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II . <ref>{{Cite web|author=connie.fisher|date=2002-03-13|title=Details of the Golden Jubilee weekend|url=https://www.royal.uk/details-golden-jubilee-weekend|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=The Royal Family|language=en}}</ref> Na 2019, Royal Commonwealth Society n'aha Duchess nke Cornwall kpọrọ Elufowoju jr ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị ọka ikpe ikpeazụ maka asọmpi Essay Commonwealth nke Queen 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Royal Life Magazine|date=24 October 2019|title=The Duchess of Cornwall Hosts Reception for Winners of The Queen's Commonwealth Essay Competition|url=https://royallifemagazine.co.uk/the-duchess-of-cornwall-hosts-reception-for-winners-of-the-queens-commonwealth-essay-competition/|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=Royal Life Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ kwughachiri ọrụ a ọzọ na 2021. Elufowoju na-aga n'ihu na-ebuga ogbako na ụlọ akwụkwọ UK ma na-atụle site n'oge ruo n'oge, na ụlọ ọrụ dị elu gụnyere [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]] na US. == Ime ihe == Ebe ọ bụ na 1990, Elufowoju abụrụla onye otu [[Equity (British trade union|Equity]], otu ndị ahịa Britain maka ọrụ nka na ihe ntụrụndụ. N'afọ 2020, a họpụtara ya na kọmitii nha anya agbụrụ nke na-adụ ọdụ ndị kansụl nha nha nha nha nha na ịkpa oke n'ihi agbụrụ. == Nigeria == Elufowoju has spent periods returning to his ancestral home Nigeria, building alliances with notable creative cultural leaders including Governor Kayode Fayemi, [[Lola Shoneyin]] Akin Adejuwon, [[Efe Paul Azino]], ex-Governor Kayode Fayemi<ref>{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2014-11-11|title=Enjoy Spoken Word Theatre as 'Finding Home' Debuts in Lagos this Friday!|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/11/enjoy-spoken-word-theatre-as-finding-home-debuts-in-lagos-this-friday/|accessdate=2022-08-11|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> and theatre impresarios [[Bolanle Austen-Peters|Bolanle Austen Peters]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-08-05|title=Wakaa! The Musical, The First Nigerian Play To Be Performed In London To A Sold Out Audience {{!}} Helen Events Blog|language=en-US|work=Helen Events Blog|url=https://www.helenozor.com/2016/08/27818/|accessdate=2022-08-11}}</ref> and Teniola Olatoni Ojigbede.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sourmashstories.com|url=http://ww6.sourmashstories.com/&meta=1|accessdate=2022-08-11|work=ww6.sourmashstories.com}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" |'''Award''' |'''Year''' |'''Work''' |'''Category''' |'''Result''' |- |Afro Hollywood |2000 |Contribution to African Film, Arts and Culture |Lifetime Achievement |Won |- |Laurence Olivier |2009 |''Iya-Ile: The First Wife'' |Best Production in an affiliated theatre |Nominated |- |Ogeyinka Merit |2010 |African film and theatre industries |Best theatre practitioner |Won |- |NEL UK |2011 |Celebrating Nigerian excellence and lifestyle |Outstanding Achievement in theatre |Won |- |Nigerian Centenary |2014 |International contribution to the arts |100 Top Nigerians in the UK |Won |- |Off West End (Office) |2019 |''The Secret Lives of Baba Segi’s Wives'' |Best Director |Won |- |Voice of the Listener and Viewer |2021 |City College |Best BBC Audio Drama |Nominated |- |South Bank Sky Arts Awards |2022 |''Rigoletto'' |Best Opera Production<ref>{{Cite web|title=Little Simz, It's A Sin and We Are Lady Parts scoop South Bank Sky Arts awards|url=https://news.sky.com/story/little-simz-its-a-sin-and-we-are-lady-parts-scoop-south-bank-sky-arts-awards-12649424|first=Bethany|author=Minelle|date=10 July 2022|accessdate=2022-07-27|work=Sky News|language=en}}</ref> |Won |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Elufowoju, Femi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pdg9vwn3iqzg1gnkpfltks2vc2e6uql 0 45265 692480 496288 2026-07-30T08:38:10Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort and added databox 692480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gabriel Gadison Ajedra Aridru''' bụ onye injinia obodo na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Uganda. Ọ bụ Minista na-ahụ maka ego na steeti maka ọrụ ndị isi na Cabinet nke Uganda, site na 6 June 2016 ruo 3 May 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%2527s+cabinet.pdf|title=Museveni’s new cabinet list At 6 June 2016|work=[[Daily Monitor]]|author=Uganda State House|date=6 June 2016|accessdate=1 August 2021|archivedate=7 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf}}</ref> Tupu nke ahụ, site na 12 August 2012, ruo 6 June 2016, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ego na steeti. <ref name="Appoint">{{Cite web|accessdate=13 March 2015|date=15 August 2012|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/634161-president-yoweri-museveni-reshuffles-cabinet.html|title=President Yoweri Museveni Reshuffles Cabinet}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/634161-president-yoweri-museveni-reshuffles-cabinet.html "President Yoweri Museveni Reshuffles Cabinet"]. ''[[Ọhụụ Ọhụrụ|New Vision]]''. Kampala. 15 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Na mgbanwe nke kansụl nke 24 Mee 2013, na nke 1 Machị 2015, ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=13 March 2015|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Gen--Katumba-Wamala-to-head-the-Uganda-army/-/688334/1861660/-/tmwm0bz/-/index.html|date=24 May 2013|author=Tugume|first=John|title=General Katumba Wamala To Head the Uganda Army}}</ref><ref name="Shuffle">{{Cite web|title=Full Cabinet List As At 1 March 2015|date=1 March 2015|accessdate=13 March 2015|format=PDF|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/2639388/data/956667/-/oq6gpdz/-/cabinet.pdf|archivedate=9 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709092825/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/2639388/data/956667/-/oq6gpdz/-/cabinet.pdf}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye omeiwu a họpụtara maka Arua Municipality, Arua District, ruo na Mee 2021.<ref name="Profile">{{Cite web|title=Profile of Engineer Doctor Gabriel Gadison Ajedra Aridru, Member of Parliament, for Arua Municipality, Arua District|accessdate=13 March 2015|date=2011|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=566.000000&const=Arua+Municipality&dist_id=38.000000&distname=Arua}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=566.000000&const=Arua+Municipality&dist_id=38.000000&distname=Arua "Profile of Engineer Doctor Gabriel Gadison Ajedra Aridru, Member of Parliament, for Arua Municipality, Arua District"]. [[Nzukọ omeiwu nke Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ ya na Arua District na 30 August 1962. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Makerere, wee gụchaa na 1989 na nzere Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering. Ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe na Canada, nweta akara ugo mmụta Master of Science in Civil Engineering na Mahadum New Brunswick na 1992. Na 1997, e nyere ya ogo nke Doctor of Philosophy na Civil Engineering.. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web|title=Profile of Engineer Doctor Gabriel Gadison Ajedra Aridru, Member of Parliament, for Arua Municipality, Arua District|accessdate=13 March 2015|date=2011|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=566.000000&const=Arua+Municipality&dist_id=38.000000&distname=Arua}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=566.000000&const=Arua+Municipality&dist_id=38.000000&distname=Arua "Profile of Engineer Doctor Gabriel Gadison Ajedra Aridru, Member of Parliament, for Arua Municipality, Arua District"]. [[Nzukọ omeiwu nke Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Canada, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi na Injinia Civil na Mahadum Botswana. O mechara kụzie, dị ka onye nkuzi na Civil Engineering na Mahadum Mmepe nke Bahamas. Mgbe ahụ ọ laghachiri Uganda wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka injinia maka National Water and Sewerage Corporation. Ruo oge ụfọdụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Chief Project Coordinator na Advisor on Infrastructure for the Government of Botswana.<ref name="Profile" /> N'afọ 2011, o meriri n'asọmpi maka oche ndị omeiwu nke Arua Municipality, na tiketi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke National Resistance Movement. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista na-ahụ maka ego, onye na-ahụ Maka itinye ego.<ref name="Appoint" /> Na 6 June 2016, a họpụtara ya dị ka Minista Steeti maka itinye ego.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Scribd.com|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/314964607/New-Cabinet|title=Uganda's New Cabinet As At 6 June 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016|date=6 June 2016|author=Uganda State House}}</ref> == Ihe ndị ọzọ a na-atụle == Dr. Aridru lụrụbu Josephine Aridru si Arua. Ọ bụ onye na-eso okwukwe Anglican. Ugbu a ọ lụrụ Elizabeth Kamuhanda nke Kabale. == Hụkwa == * Nzukọ omeiwu nke Uganda * Kọmitii nke Uganda * Gọọmentị nke Uganda == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150315101104/http://www.parliament.go.ug/new/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Uganda] * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1170806/-/c0y8sbz/-/index.html Ndepụta zuru ezu nke ndị Minista May 2011] {{DEFAULTSORT:Aridru, Gabriel Ajedra}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] c5ozddfgi3yo28ba4jhy2fcn02r0919 0 45461 692524 168042 2026-07-30T09:29:19Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692524 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Fatou Baldeh''' [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] (amụrụ Disemba 1983) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mrs Fatou Baldeh {{!}} Key Information {{!}} reportlet|url=https://reportlet.co.uk/psc/9tDQnWiLsrkg_6fq_R_2ijIKrVw/mrs-fatou-baldeh|accessdate=2021-03-27|work=reportlet.co.uk|archivedate=2020-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030225117/https://reportlet.co.uk/psc/9tDQnWiLsrkg_6fq_R_2ijIKrVw/mrs-fatou-baldeh}}</ref> bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị Gambia na-agba mbọ ịkwụsị [[Ibe nwaanyị ugwu|ibi ụmụ nwanyị]] (FGM). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Violence Unseen|url=https://aliciabruce.co.uk/violence-unseen|accessdate=2021-03-27|work=Alicia Bruce|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Baldeh [[Ibe nwaanyị ugwu|egburu úkwù nwanyị]] mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa wee bụrụ onye e gbubiri ya dị ka nne ya. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Female mutilation: 'I was screaming'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-scotland-24945504|accessdate=2021-03-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title='I was screaming for my mother'|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13131835.i-was-screaming-for-my-mother/|accessdate=2021-03-27|work=HeraldScotland|date=15 November 2013|language=en}}</ref> Baldeh gụchara nzere bachelọ na Psychology na Health na Mahadum Wolverhampton wee gụchaa nzere nna ya ukwu na ahụike mmekọahụ na ịmụ nwa na Mahadum Queen Margaret, Edinburgh. <ref>{{Cite web|title=QMU and DARF join forces to raise awareness of female genital mutilation in Scotland|url=https://www.mynewsdesk.com/uk/maggie-wright-associates-ltd/pressreleases/qmu-and-darf-join-forces-to-raise-awareness-of-female-genital-mutilation-in-scotland-937095|accessdate=2021-03-27|work=Mynewsdesk|date=4 December 2013|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Baldeh|first=Fatou|date=2019-08-07|title=How A Truth Commission on Past Human's Rights Violation has Started a Conversation on Sexual Violence in Gambia|url=https://impakter.com/how-a-truth-commission-on-past-humans-rights-violation-has-started-a-conversation-on-sexual-violence-in-gambia/|accessdate=2021-03-27|work=Impakter|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ na mmemme == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Dignity Alert Research Forum na Edinburgh na-arụ ọrụ iji wusie ikike ụmụ nwanyị ike na ikike mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-11-15|title=Female genital mutilation 'rising in soft-touch Scotland'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-24915967|accessdate=2021-03-27}}</ref> Na May 2015, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye nduzi nke Dignity Alert Research Forum. <ref>{{Cite web|title=DIGNITY ALERT AND RESEARCH FORUM LIMITED – Filing history (free information from Companies House)|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/SC335240/filing-history?page=1|accessdate=2021-03-27|work=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, o kwuputara n'ihu ọha okwu gbasara ibi ụmụ nwanyị bi na Scotland na a katọrọ ya nke ukwuu maka nkwupụta ndị dị otú ahụ. Na 30 Jenụwarị 2014, Baldeh mechara pụta n'ihu Kọmitii Ohere nha nhata na nzuko omeiwu Scottish ebe a gwara ya ka ọ tinye aka na ngosipụta nke onye ọ bụla iji kọwaa ihe gbasara usoro na ntuziaka achọrọ ka emejuputa ya iji gbochie ụmụ agbọghọ ịbụ ndị a metụtara FGM. na Scotland. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Comment: A survivor of female genital mutilation speaks out|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/opinion/13143136.comment-a-survivor-of-female-genital-mutilation-speaks-out/|accessdate=2021-03-27|work=HeraldScotland|date=30 January 2014|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ ndụ ya dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Scotland, Baldeh laghachiri na [[The Gambia|Gambia]] na 2018. Ọ tọrọ ntọala òtù Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) mgbe ọ laghachiri Gambia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-09|title=Supporting safe spaces as a tool for promoting women's health, dignity and wellbeing|url=https://gambia.unfpa.org/en/news/supporting-safe-spaces-tool-promoting-womens-health-dignity-and-wellbeing|accessdate=2021-03-27|work=UNFPA Gambia|language=en}}</ref> O meela ihe ọmụmụ na ọmụmụ ihe na Gambia nakwa na International Center for Transitional Justice . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201902010200.html|title=Gambia: Traditional Communicators, Women Lead the Way for Justice in the Gambia|date=31 January 2019|publisher=International Center for Transitional Justice (New York)}}</ref> Na Maachị 2020, Baldeh nwetara ihe nrite She maka ntinye pụtara ìhè n'ịkwado ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị na Gambia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-09|title=Groundbreaking: She Awards Gambia Holds Its Inaugural Awards Night|url=https://www.chronicle.gm/groundbreaking-she-awards-gambia-holds-its-inaugural-awards-night-2/|accessdate=2021-03-27|work=The Chronicle Gambia|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125040003/https://www.chronicle.gm/groundbreaking-she-awards-gambia-holds-its-inaugural-awards-night-2/}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2020, onye nnọchi anya Britain na Gambia Sharon Wardle nyere ya [[Order of the British Empire|Order nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain]] n'ihi ya , nkwanye ùgwù pụrụ iche nke 2019 iji kwado mbọ ya na nkwa ya bara uru gbasara ịkwado ndị isi ojii na obodo agbụrụ na Scotland. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Her majesty the queen honours two Gambian nationals for outstanding service – The Point|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/her-majesty-the-queen-honours-two-gambian-nationals-for-outstanding-service|accessdate=2021-03-27|work=thepoint.gm|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Baldeh, Fatou}} {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] sxsae3qghvvmvxcobvbe9x2o28bpe1u 0 45554 692313 688299 2026-07-29T19:03:56Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692313 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref name="lifelounge">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070914050628/http://www.lifelounge.com/content/detail.aspx?id=1215 "Audrey Kawasaki"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914050628/http://www.lifelounge.com/content/detail.aspx?id=1215|date=September 14, 2007}} interview by Chris Mitchell, ''Lifelounge'' (online magazine), October 4, 2006.</ref>Audrey Kawasaki (ịbụ ndị na-akpa March 31, 1982 [1] na Los Angeles, California [2] ) bụ onye na-ese ihe dabere na Los Angeles, nke a ma ama maka ihe ngosi nke iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ na-eto eto.  Ọrụ ya bụ nri a na-ese na ogwe osisi, a kọwakwara ụdị ya dị ka ike nke Art Nouveau na manga Japanese, nwere ikike ndị bụ isi dị ka Gustav Klimt na Alphonse Mucha, na-ekwu “Mme nke ihu na ahụ  a kpụrụ akpụ n'ezie ụkpụrụ dị iche.  ahịrị ndị kwụpụta na akwụkwọ na-akpali m nke ukwuu.” <ref name="nyartsmagazine">[http://www.nyartsmagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5472&Itemid=708 "Audrey Kawasaki"] interview by Whitney May, ''NY Arts'', January/February 2007.</ref> Kawasaki ụzọ ihe osise dị mma maka apụta na Pratt Institute na New York City, mana ịrị afá mgbe ọ gụchara akara akara ya.  [1] [2] [3] [4] Ọ kọwapụtala na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị prọfesọ ya ihe aro ka ọ zere ụdị ihe osise ọ na-ese gba ɔtọt.  Ọ na-ehota mmesi ike na ihe ngosi nka nke New York na echiche echiche, ụzọ na-anya ya na ụdị ihe atụ ya, dị ka otu n'ime ihe mere ọ na-eji.  [1] [2] [3] [4] Dị ka nke 2006, a na-ewere Kawasaki dị ka ụzọ na-arrị elu na ihe ngosi nka nke Los Angeles.  [5] Na 2005, Kawasaki haziri ihe gbasara maka Alice Smith's For Lovers, Dreamers & Me . == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110222014657/http://www.culturazzi.org/art/with-maidens-of-mystery-the-enchanting-artwork-of-audrey-kawasaki Audrey Kawasaki: A Gallery of Artworks] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070403010949/http://www.audrey-kawasaki.com/2007/docs/audrey_jane.jpg "Hot Young Artists"], ''Jane'', November 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707185220/http://www.audrey-kawasaki.com/2007/docs/idn%20mag-big.jpg "Audrey Kawasaki"] interview, ''IdN Magazine'' 13(5), January 2007. * [http://audrey-kawasaki.com/share/lj/scan0011.jpg "Naughty but Nice"] by Kate Atkinson, ''Vogue Australia'', October 2007. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150322231523/http://www.adrisworld.com/blog/2013/04/a-world-of-art-audrey-kawasaki.html Audrey Kawasaki - Adri's World] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 5a2fuqspgla9pi52b3a7ggz5vo8nu18 0 45669 692334 638291 2026-07-29T19:49:44Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Aimé Mpane''' (amụrụ 1968) bụ omenkà si [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) na-eke oge ya n'etiti Brussels na [[Kinshasa]] . Amụrụ n'oge ọchịchị Mobutu Sese Seko, ndụ nwata ya na DRC na arụrụala nke Eze Leopold II na ndị Belgium mere emetụtawo ọrụ ya nke ukwuu. Nkà ya na-egosikwa omenala DRC na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Europe na Africa. A na-akpọ Mpane "otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe kachasị mkpa sitere na Africa ruo taa" ma sonye na ihe ngosi solo na otu na Africa, Europe, na North America. Ọ na-eji adze emepụta ihe ọkpụkpụ ya ma na-arụkarị ọrụ n'abalị ma ọ bụ site na kandụl. Ọrụ ya n'ịmepụta ihe ọkpụkpụ na Royal Museum for Central Africa, nke a na-akpọ ugbu a AfricaMuseum, iji dochie ihe oyiyi nke Leopold nke e wepụrụ n'oge nnukwu nrụzigharị kpuchiri n'ọtụtụ isiokwu. Ọrụ ya, ''New Breath, ma ọ bụ Burgeoning Congo'', bụ iji "dozie" ihe oyiyi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ihe oyiyi dị na nnukwu Rotunda nke ihe ngosi nka. A nọgidere na-akatọ ya na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ e mere n'ime ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ahụ emeghị nke ọma. A gbakwunyere ihe ọkpụkpụ nke abụọ na, na-arụ ọrụ na onye na-ese ihe na Belgium, Mpane gbakwunyere ákwà mgbochi na-agafe agafe n'ihu ihe oyiyi ahụ na ọrụ a na-akpọ RE/STORE. Mpane bụ onye mmadụ na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma Ubuntu . O kwenyere na kama ịrụ ụka maka ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga, ndị Europe na ndị Africa kwesịrị iweghachi mmekọrịta ha, ọ bụghị imeziwanye mmekọrịta ha. Otu ihe atụ nke a bụ ihe ọkpụkpụ a rụrụ n’ihu ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Belgium dị na [[Kinshasa]] nke na-egosi onye isi ojii na-ekele onye ọcha. Mpane akatọọla ngagharị nke Black Lives Matter, na-ekwu na ya ekwetaghị na atụmatụ ya. == Ndụ mbido == [[Usòrò:Prins_Bernhard_in_Zaire_(voorheen_Belgisch_Congo),_Bernhard_en_Mobutu,_Bestanddeelnr_926-6037.jpg|thumb| A mụrụ Mpane n'oge ọchịchị onye ọchịchị aka ike Mobutu Sese Seko, nke na-emetụta ọrụ ya nke ukwuu.|227x227px]] A mụrụ Aimé Mpane na 1968 na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]] (DRC) nke oge a, afọ ole na ole ka Nsogbu Kongo kwụsịrị, na n'oge ọchịchị aka ike nke ndị agha Mobutu Sese Seko . Nna ya bụ onye na-eme kabinet na onye na-ese ihe na nna nna ya na-ejikwa osisi rụọ ọrụ. {{Cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/art/article/aime-mpane-dual-perspective-from-congo-4733551.php|title=Aimé Mpane: 'Dual Perspective' from Congo, Belgium|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=August 14, 2013|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Chun, Kimberly}}</ref> <ref name="tlmagazine">{{Cite news|url=https://tlmagazine.com/aime-mpane-between-shadow-and-light-sculpting-and-painting-humanity/|title=Aimé Mpane – Between shadow and light: sculpting and painting humanity|work=TL Magazine|date=June 30, 2018|accessdate=November 28, 2023}}</ref> <ref name="thephillips">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.phillipscollection.org/2020/02/11/phillips-collects-aime-mpane/|title=The Phillips Collects: Aimé Mpane|publisher=The Phillips Collection|date=February 11, 2020|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 26, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126225023/https://blog.phillipscollection.org/2020/02/11/phillips-collects-aime-mpane/}}</ref> N'ụlọ akwụkwọ, a kụziiri Mpane site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị mbipụta Belgium bipụtara. Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ gosipụtara Eze Leopold II, bụ onye kpatara ọnwụ nke ọtụtụ nde ụmụ amaala Congo Free State, dị ka nnukwu onye ndu. A kuziri Mpane na ndị Congo sitere na Gauls . Nke a bụ ihe mere ndị Belgium ji bụrụ ndị ọchịchị ha. {{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/02/644085214/belgian-museum-looks-at-countrys-history-of-colonialism-and-racism|title=Belgian Museum Looks At Country's History Of Colonialism And Racism|work=NPR|date=September 2, 2018|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Kakissis, Joanna}}</ref> Mpane kwagara [[Kinshasa]] mgbe ọ dị afọ 15. Obere oge ka ọ bịarutere, a gwara ya ka o see foto maka ọkọlọtọ na-akwalite ihe nkiri. E gosipụtara ọkọlọtọ ahụ ruo ọnwa ole na ole, nke Mpane kpọrọ ihe ngosi mbụ ya. {{Cite news|url=https://www.bruzz.be/en/culture/art-books/aime-mpane-i-prefer-martin-luther-king-malcolm-x-2021-10-14|title=Aimé Mpane: 'I prefer Martin Luther King to Malcolm X'|work=BRUZZ|date=October 14, 2021|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Peeters, Tom}}</ref> O mechara gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ na Institut Des Beaux Arts ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ọrụ ọkpụkpụ na 1987. O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Fine Arts na Académie des Beaux-Arts na 1990. {{Cite web|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf}}</ref> Na 1994, Mpane kwagara Belgium ebe ọ gara n'ihu n'akwụkwọ ya wee nweta ihe nrite mbụ ya, na nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ dị na Libramont-Chevigny . <ref name="kakissis">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/02/644085214/belgian-museum-looks-at-countrys-history-of-colonialism-and-racism|title=Belgian Museum Looks At Country's History Of Colonialism And Racism|work=NPR|date=September 2, 2018|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Kakissis, Joanna}}</ref> Ọ chọsiri ike ịmata ihe ndị Belgium chere ala nna ya na ndị bi na ya. Ọ gara Royal Museum for Central Africa, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka AfricaMuseum, wee hụ ndị Congo na-egosi dị ka ndị obi ọjọọ na-achọ enyemaka site n'aka ndị ọcha Belgium. E kọwara eze Belgium na ndị ozi ala ọzọ dị ka ndị dike nwere obiọma. <ref name="kakissis" /> N'otu oge ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ahụ masịrị ya ma nwee mmasị dị ukwuu n'ihe osise ebo Africa a na-egosi. A kụziiri ya naanị gbasara nka mgbe ọchịchị gachara na nka ọdịda anyanwụ n'ihi ''amụma'' nke Mobutu. Maka ya, Mpane nọ "n'ihu 'ezigbo' patrimony Congo." <ref name="muse">{{Cite journal|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/6/article/757367|title=Conversation between Aimé Mpane and Maxime de Formanoir|journal=African Arts|date=Summer 2020|volume=53|issue=2|pages=92–93}}</ref> Enyere Mpane nke mbụ na asọmpi 1996 Center International des Civilizations Bantu, na-anọchite anya DRCH. O nwetara Master of Fine Arts site na École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Visuels na 2000. Ka ọ na-erule oge ahụ, ọ sonyelarị na ọtụtụ ihe ngosi otu, gụnyere ọtụtụ na Belgium na otu na Canada, na ihe ngosi solo na Belgium == Ọrụ == Ọrụ Mpane sitere na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti DRC na Belgium, kpọmkwem oge n'oge Congo Free State, na ụzọ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ siri rụọ ọrụ dị ukwuu na ya. Ọrụ ya na-ekwukwa banyere omenala DRC na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmetụta Mobutu na DRC. Mpane na-arụkarị ọrụ n'abalị ma ọ bụ site n'ìhè kandụl, na-eji adze kpụrụ ya ọrụ mmadụ . Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ọkpụkpụ a na-ahụkarị, Mpane na-ese foto n'ime osisi, na-emepụta mgbidi mosaic, na agba. <ref name="haines">{{Cite web|url=https://hainesgallery.com/aime-mpane-bio|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Haines Gallery|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=July 12, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712160030/https://hainesgallery.com/aime-mpane-bio}}</ref> A na-akpọ ya "otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe kachasị mkpa sitere na Africa ruo taa" site na Royal Museums of Fine Arts nke Belgium na BRUZZ . <ref name="peeters" /> <ref name="finearts">{{Cite web|url=https://fine-arts-museum.be/en/exhibitions/aime-mpane|title=Aimé Mpane: Remedies|publisher=Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 26, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126064906/https://fine-arts-museum.be/en/exhibitions/aime-mpane}}</ref> Otu akụkọ dị n'akwụkwọ akụkọ, ''Black Renaissance/Renaissance Noire'', nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka African American Affairs University nke New York bipụtara, malitere na nchịkọta nke ọrụ Mpane a: <blockquote>"Ọrụ Aimé Mpané na-agụnye ihe mgbu na amara nke esemokwu ụmụ mmadụ nke na-esite na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maara nke ọma na ịmara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke colonial Africa. Ọrụ ya na-egosi eziokwu mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gbara ya gburugburu, eziokwu na-eme site n'echiche ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke ya. Ọgbọ nke ọrụ ya na-aga n'ihu na-enyere aka n'ichepụta echiche banyere ọdịdị mara mma na omenala nke Afrika Afrika, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ala nna ya - Democratic Republic of Congo - na arụrụ arụ kpara n'oge narị afọ nke 19 site n'aka Eze Leopold II nke Belgium, na-aga n'ihu site na ọnwụ nke nketa. colonialism na mbibi na-esochi nke agha na ụzọ akụ na ụba na-aga n'ihu n'oge postcolonial, na-ahapụ ihe nhụjuanya dị omimi na nke dị egwu na ncheta nke ndị Congo."</blockquote> === 2000s === [[Usòrò:National_Museum_of_African_Art,_2019.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Ihe ngosi Mpane ya na António Ole mere na [[National Museum of African Art]] na 2009.]] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2000, Mpane sonye na ihe ngosi otu n'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ na Belgium, Monaco, France, Cuba, [[Jémanị|Germany]] na [[Senegal]]. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ngosi solo mbụ ya mere na Lubumbashi, 8th Havana Biennial, Dakar Biennale, ebe ọ meriri 2006 Jean-Paul Blachère Foundation Critics Prize, na [[New York City]] . Nke ikpeazụ, "Bach to Congo", mere na Skoto Gallery na 2007. <ref name="duende">{{Cite web|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf "Aimé Mpane"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Duende Art Projects. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> ''The Village Voice'' kwuru na ọrụ ya ji egwuregwu onyinyo na ili na-agụ "Congo-1885", n'afọ ahụ ọgbakọ Berlin weere ọnọdụ, mgbe mba Europe kpebiri ka ha ga -akpụpụta Africa maka alaeze ha. ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times'' kpọrọ ya "solo siri ike" site na Mpane, na-ahụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nwoke si Africa nke mejupụtara mkpisi osisi 4,652 kpamkpam. <ref name="cotter">{{Cite news|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9F02E4DC1E30F93AA25752C0A9619C8B63.html|title=Art in Review: Aime Mpane -- Bach to Congo|work=The New York Times|date=January 19, 2007|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Cotter, Holland|pages=E38}}</ref> A chọpụtakwara na otu n'ime ihe mere a na-ejikarị arụ ọrụ ya n'abalị bụ n'ihi ọkụ eletrik na Kinshasa, ebe Mpane bi mgbe ọ bụghị na Brussels . <ref name="cotter" /> N'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, Mpane malitere izi ihe wee gosipụta ya na ihe ngosi otu na Belgium, France, na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], na ihe ngosi solo na Belgium, Houston, na New York City. <ref name="duende">{{Cite web|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf "Aimé Mpane"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Duende Art Projects. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ihe ngosi na Washington, DC, "Ndị na-ese ihe na mkparịta ụka: Antonion Ole na Aimé Mpane", mere na [[National Museum of African Art]] ma tinye ọrụ nke Mpane kere n'etiti 2006 na 2008. <ref name="duende" /> Otu akụkọ dị na ''The Washington Post'' kọwara ọ bụghị naanị ihe ọkpụkpụ ya, kama eserese, dị ka inwe "mma 3D." Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a nyochara gụnyere ''Ice On Creve'' na ''Rail, Massina 3'', nke ikpeazụ aha ya bụ nke azụmahịa Kinshasa. Onye edemede ahụ kọwara ọrụ Mpane dị ka ihe ndị a: "Ihe oyiyi ihu mmadụ abụghị naanị eserese, kama ọ na-eji agụba na plywood dị ọnụ ala ọ na-arụ ọrụ - n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ nke ukwuu nke na ọ dịghị ihe fọdụrụ ma ọ bụ oghere oghere ebe ihu. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ị gaghị ahụ onye dị n'ime ma ọlị, kama mgbidi nke eyịre na foto ahụ." /> === Afọ 2010 === Na mmalite-na-etiti 2010s, Mpane nwere ihe ngosi solo na Kinshasa, New York City, Brussels, San Francisco, na Mahadum Wyoming . Ihe ngosi ndị otu ya gụnyere ndị dị na New York City, Paris, Brussels, [[Los Angeles]], Dakar, [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], na San Antonio . <ref name="duende">{{Cite web|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf "Aimé Mpane"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Duende Art Projects. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ihe ngosi Mpane na French Cultural Center dị na Kinshasa mere n'oge na-adịghị anya tupu afọ 50th nke nnwere onwe nke DRC ma tinye ihe osise 60 na ntinye vidiyo. Na 2012, o meriri The Dorothy na Herbert Vogel Prize si The Phillips Collection, maka ọrụ ya ''Mapasa'' . <ref name="duende" /> N'oge ngosi ngosi solo 2013 ya na San Francisco, onye nta akụkọ maka ''San Francisco Chronicle'' gbara Mpane ajụjụ ọnụ. Ọ kọwara ihe osise Mpane dị ka ihe na-echetara Pablo Picasso, bụ onye na-akpalikarị site na nkà Africa . Na eserese ya ''IC.'' ''N'ịga n'ihu #65'', Nike swoosh dị n'egedege ihu nwa nwoke, nke Mpane na-akọwa dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke mmegide nke Mobutu nke mmetụta Western na ụkpụrụ uwe ya. Mpane kwuru na ọrụ ya na-egosipụtakarị ndị Congo dị ka ndị chọrọ nkwanye ùgwù na igosipụta nnwere onwe ha ka ọtụtụ iri afọ nke mmegbu gasịrị. Dị ka ya si kwuo, Mpane "na-agagharị n'etiti omenala abụọ na-adịgide adịgide" na "na-adabere na njirimara na ọnya na ebe nchekwa Congo", karịsịa echiche ndị Belgium nwere maka Africa na ndị ya. <ref name="chun">{{Cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/art/article/aime-mpane-dual-perspective-from-congo-4733551.php|title=Aimé Mpane: 'Dual Perspective' from Congo, Belgium|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=August 14, 2013|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Chun, Kimberly}}</ref> === Afọ 2020 === N'afọ 2020, e nyere Mpane na onyinye onyinye nka nke Golden Afro nke Belgium. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ngosi solo na Brussels na ihe ngosi otu na New York City, Marseille, na Washington, DC <ref name="duende">{{Cite web|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf "Aimé Mpane"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Duende Art Projects. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Solo na Brussels, "Ngwọta", bụ oge mbụ e gosipụtara onye na-ese ihe na Congo na Royal Museums of Fine. Nkà . N'oge ngosi ahụ, ndị ọrụ ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie rịọrọ Mpane ka ọ "gagharịa" ọrụ. Ọ họọrọ Peter Paul Rubens ' ''Nnyocha anọ nke isi nke Moor'', nke akpọrọ ''Negros Head'' na mbụ . N'afọ ndị 1950, e gosipụtara eserese ahụ n'azụ nke 500 Belgian franc na Eze Leopold II n'ihu ego ahụ. <ref name="finearts">{{Cite web|url=https://fine-arts-museum.be/en/exhibitions/aime-mpane|title=Aimé Mpane: Remedies|publisher=Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 26, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126064906/https://fine-arts-museum.be/en/exhibitions/aime-mpane}}</ref> N'ịkọwa nkwenye ya na nkà ihe ọmụma Ubuntu, Mpane anọwo na-akatọ ndị chọrọ ịmegharị ihe omume gara aga. O meghere ya ịmepụta ọrụ ndị e bu n'obi gosipụta oghere n'etiti ndị Europe na ndị Africa. O kere ihe ọkpụkpụ n'ihu ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Belgium na Kinshasa nke na-egosi onye isi ojii na-anabata onye ọcha. Mpane akatọọla ngagharị nke Black Lives Matter, na-ekwu na ya ekwetaghị na atụmatụ ya. N'ịchịkọta echiche ya banyere otu esi aga n'ihu gwọọ nkewa agbụrụ, Mpane kwuru na ya "maka Martin Luther King na [[Malcolm X]]." <ref name="peeters">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bruzz.be/en/culture/art-books/aime-mpane-i-prefer-martin-luther-king-malcolm-x-2021-10-14|title=Aimé Mpane: 'I prefer Martin Luther King to Malcolm X'|work=BRUZZ|date=October 14, 2021|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Peeters, Tom}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPeeters,_Tom2021">Peeters, Tom (October 14, 2021). [https://www.bruzz.be/en/culture/art-books/aime-mpane-i-prefer-martin-luther-king-malcolm-x-2021-10-14 "Aimé Mpane: 'I prefer Martin Luther King to Malcolm X'"]. ''BRUZZ''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231126225016/https://www.bruzz.be/en/culture/art-books/aime-mpane-i-prefer-martin-luther-king-malcolm-x-2021-10-14 Archived] from the original on November 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Hụkwa == * [[Ihe osise Africa na nchịkọta ọdịda anyanwụ|Nkà Africa na mkpokọta Western]] * Nkà Afrika nke oge a * Ndepụta ndị omenkà Democratic Republic of Congo == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] p8e73tbwi37th3tabl2a66nmpz6i8qk 0 45919 692387 588896 2026-07-29T22:35:39Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added databox 692387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Charles Farrar bụ onye America na-ede abụ, onye na-ede abụ, na onye ikike, nke a kacha mara amara maka ọrụ ide abụ ya na ndị otu olu SWV, 702, Taa, na Shades .  [1] N'ọgwụgwụ 1990s / akwụkwọ 2000s, Farrar, n'ụdị Troy Taylor, bụ onye so na "The Characters": a na-eme duo nke na-arụ ọrụ na Boyz II Men's Cooleyhighharmony, yana Kenny Lattimore na ọtụtụ ndị  ụzo na-ese ihe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IndplsRcrdr2001-03-09-023_page_C6.tif|title=Charles Farrar Nominated to ASCAP Board|work=The Indianapolis Recorder|date=9 March 2001|accessdate=September 6, 2023|archivedate=November 3, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103104227/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IndplsRcrdr2001-03-09-023_page_C6.tif}}</ref>Na 2001, a mgbaàmà Farrar ka onye ọrụ na bọọdụ ndị isi maka American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). == Ndị agwa ==   Characters bụ Grammy Award-emeri American songwriting na ike duo kasị mara maka ọrụ ha na 1990s R&B vocal otu dị ka Boyz II Men, Destiny's Child, na Riff .  [1] The pairing e ngwaahịa mgbe Troy Taylor, bịanyere aka na-egosi 1990 ka a solo mgbanwe deal na Motown, ihe dị ka inyocha songwriting na i ji maka ndị ọzọ artists na ibe songwriter na-ahụ Farrar.  [2] [3] Ka ha na Farrar ọrụchara, abụ abụọ emebere maka ọba mbụ Taylor ka ewe ọhụrụ tinye ya na oru ngo mpụta mbụ nke Boyz II Men Cooleyhighharmony .  [4] Ha na ndị otu ahụ ga-akpata ụzo iji nyere "Jezzebel" maka 1994's Grammy-winning II album. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.songwriteruniverse.com/johntaaustin123.htm|title=Johnta Austin Interview - Hit R&B & Pop Songwriter and Artist|date=20 August 2006|accessdate=May 3, 2023|archivedate=December 24, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224010801/https://www.songwriteruniverse.com/johntaaustin123.htm}}</ref>Ọtụtụ afọ ka e ịhụ, solo R & B artist Johntá Austin, na-arụ ọrụ na duo n'oge ahụ iji ji ọrụ mbụ nke ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, na-enwe oge anya na RCA Records n'ihi ụgbọ agha  n'ime ụlọ.  Agbakwunyere Austin na ndị otu na-ede akwụkwọ dị ka onye otu oge mgbe ewepụrụ ya ma ọkụ ọrụ ya, na mbụ mbụ ha na-ede dị ka otu atọ rụpụtara "Realize" maka Jason Weaver, "Ebe a Maka Gị" maka album SWV  's 1997 Hapụ ụfọdụ ụfọdụ wee kpọ otu "mụ dị ụtọ " maka Tyrese Gibson . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/2eNU6d5vSwRznwYZfXVXS5|title=Spotlight|work=[[Spotify]]|accessdate=May 3, 2023|archivedate=February 6, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206235919/https://open.spotify.com/album/2eNU6d5vSwRznwYZfXVXS5}}</ref>Taylor na Farrar gbanwekwara n'ịmepụta na ịbịanye aka n'òtù ụmụ anụmanụ n'ime 1990s, dị ka OSCAR (otu Ụdị New jack swing / R&B quartet nke 1992 album Spotlight ) n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ha Character Music Corporation. == Ndekọ egwu na mmepụta == Ekele sitere na Discogs, Spotify, na AllMusic . {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:22.5em;" |Title ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="row" |"Happiness" |1989 |Nyki Nicole | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Every Little Thing About You" | rowspan="3" |1990 | rowspan="3" |Today | rowspan="3" |''The New Formula'' |- ! scope="row" |"Self Centered" |- ! scope="row" |"Gonna Make You Mine" |- ! scope="row" |"Little Things" | rowspan="9" |1991 | rowspan="4" |Boyz II Men | rowspan="2" |''Cooleyhighharmony'' |- ! scope="row" |"Your Love" |- ! scope="row" |"Just A Cover Up" | rowspan="2" |''Cooleyhighharmony'' (2009 Expanded Edition) |- ! scope="row" |"Can't Be Liked" |- ! scope="row" |"Chivalry" (The Characters Remix) |Babyface |''A Closer Look'' |- ! scope="row" |"I'll Be There For You" |Lateasha |''Lateasha'' |- ! scope="row" |"Mature Love" | rowspan="3" |Keisha Jackson | rowspan="3" |''Keisha'' |- ! scope="row" |"All Night Lovin'" |- ! scope="row" |"All Night Lovin' Interlude" |- ! scope="row" |"Step by Step (Gonna Make You Mine)" | rowspan="15" |1992 |Wendy Moten |''Wendy Moten'' |- ! scope="row" |"Take Me Back to Love Again" |Kathy Sledge |''Heart'' |- ! scope="row" |"I've Gotta Have It" | rowspan="2" |3rd Avenue | rowspan="2" |''Let's Talk About Love'' |- ! scope="row" |"The Minute You Fall In Love" |- ! scope="row" |"I'm Calling You (Do-Po-Liddle-Lo-Le-Yeah)" | rowspan="8" |OSCAR | rowspan="8" |''Spotlight'' |- ! scope="row" |"Just For You" |- ! scope="row" |"Let Me Make It Better" |- ! scope="row" |"I'll Be There For You" |- ! scope="row" |"Spotlight" |- ! scope="row" |"Keep Touching Me" |- ! scope="row" |"How I Spend My Time" |- ! scope="row" |"Give Me A Reason" |- ! scope="row" |"Just Being With You" | rowspan="2" |Countess Vaughn | rowspan="2" |''Countess'' |- ! scope="row" |"Once More" |- ! scope="row" |"Skyy's The Limit" |Skyy |''Nearer To You'' |- ! scope="row" |"Work It Out" | rowspan="2" |1993 |Perfect Gentlemen |''The Perfect Gentlemen'' |- ! scope="row" |"Don't Go Nowhere" <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugifDwAAQBAJ&dq=character+charles+farrar+troy+taylor&pg=PT11|title=Six Part Harmony - Riff (The Untold Story)|isbn=9781645444978|author=Rensalier|first=Dale "Skip" Van|date=25 June 2019|publisher=Page Publishing|accessdate=May 3, 2023}}</ref> |Riff |''To Whom It May Concern'' |- ! scope="row" |"(Seek And You'll Find) The Kinda Right Baby" | rowspan="7" |1994 | rowspan="3" |Groove U | rowspan="3" |''Tender Love'' |- ! scope="row" |"Old Becomes New" |- ! scope="row" |"Call And I'll Answer" |- ! scope="row" |"Pass It Over" |Fourmula |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Floating | rowspan="2" |Debelah Morgan | rowspan="2" |''Debelah'' |- ! scope="row" |"Win You Over" (With Troy Taylor) |- ! scope="row" |"Jezzebel" |Boyz II Men |''II'' |- ! scope="row" |"I Can't Tell You Why" | rowspan="7" |1995 |Brownstone<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1995/04/16/rock-solid-debut-for-brownstone/bfe7d671-62c1-4af1-9188-8892c6c2f6d1/|title=ROCK SOLID DEBUT FOR BROWNSTONE|work=Washington Post Archives|accessdate=December 23, 2022|archivedate=March 2, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302155011/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1995/04/16/rock-solid-debut-for-brownstone/bfe7d671-62c1-4af1-9188-8892c6c2f6d1/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypress.com/news/dp-xpm-19950224-1995-02-24-9502240179-story.html|title=BROWNSTONE IN THE HOUSE|work=Daily Press|date=February 24, 1995|accessdate=December 23, 2022|archivedate=December 23, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223054635/https://www.dailypress.com/news/dp-xpm-19950224-1995-02-24-9502240179-story.html}}</ref> |''From the Bottom Up'' |- ! scope="row" |"Best Friend" (Character R&B Mix featuring Channel Live) |[[Brandy]] |''Brandy'' |- ! scope="row" |"I'm Sorry" |Solo |''Solo'' |- ! scope="row" |"My Cherie Amour" | rowspan="3" |Tony Thompson | rowspan="3" |''Sexsational'' |- ! scope="row" |"Come Over" |- ! scope="row" |"Goodbye Eyes" |- ! scope="row" |"Love Today" |Vertical Hold |''Head First'' |- ! scope="row" |"Love In An Elevator" | rowspan="11" |1996 | rowspan="3" |Johnny Gill | rowspan="3" |''Let's Get the Mood Right'' |- ! scope="row" |"Simply Say I Love U" (Featuring Stevie Wonder) |- ! scope="row" |"So Gentle" (Featuring Ronnie DeVoe) |- ! scope="row" |"Get Down Like Dat" | rowspan="4" |702 | rowspan="4" |''No Doubt'' |- ! scope="row" |"No Doubt" |- ! scope="row" |"Show You My Love" |- ! scope="row" |"All I Want" |- ! scope="row" |"Just Let Me Know" |Horace Brown |''Horace Brown'' |- ! scope="row" |"Realize" |Jason Weaver |''Stay With Me'' (Shelved) |- ! scope="row" |"Your Body's Callin'" | rowspan="2" |Norman Brown | rowspan="2" |''Better Days Ahead'' |- ! scope="row" |"Facts of Love" |- ! scope="row" |"Love Like This" (Featuring Lil' Cease) | rowspan="10" |1997 | rowspan="3" |SWV | rowspan="3" |''Release Some Tension'' |- ! scope="row" |"Lose Myself" |- ! scope="row" |"Here For You" |- ! scope="row" |"Who Are You" | rowspan="5" |Shades | rowspan="5" |''Shades'' |- ! scope="row" |"Tell Me (I'll Be Around)" |- ! scope="row" |"I Believe" |- ! scope="row" |"How Deep Is Your Love" |- ! scope="row" |"Time Will Reveal" |- ! scope="row" |"All He's Supposed to Be" |Johnny Gill |''The 6th Man (soundtrack)'' |- ! scope="row" |"Jam Knock" |[[Brian McKnight]] |''Anytime'' |- ! scope="row" |"Dance Wit Me" (Featuring Doug E. Fresh) | rowspan="6" |1998 | rowspan="2" |Miss Jones | rowspan="2" |''The Other Woman'' |- ! scope="row" |"Smooth" |- ! scope="row" |"In And Out Of My Life" |Ali |''Crucial / Bitter Honey'' |- ! scope="row" |"Once A Fool" |Destiny's Child & William Floyd | rowspan="3" |''eMusic Presents NFL Jams'' |- ! scope="row" |"Work It Out" |Boyz II Men & Garrison Hearst |- ! scope="row" |"Let's Get It Started" |Johnny Gill & Corey Harris |- ! scope="row" |"Sweet Lady" | rowspan="8" |1999 |Tyrese |''Tyrese'' |- ! scope="row" |"What'cha Gonna Do" | rowspan="4" |Eternal | rowspan="4" |''Eternal'' |- ! scope="row" |"Treat Me Like a Lady" |- ! scope="row" |"Absent From You" |- ! scope="row" |"He Is" |- ! scope="row" |"Never Let You Go Away" |Rome |''Thank You'' (Shelved) |- ! scope="row" |"I Really Do Love You" |Beverly |''Heart and Soul'' (Shelved) |- ! scope="row" |"Do It Like Us" |Rudy |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Come Correct" | rowspan="8" |2000 |Before Dark |''Daydreamin''' |- ! scope="row" |"Can We Make Love" |Profyle |''Nothin' but Drama'' |- ! scope="row" |"Candles" | rowspan="4" |Pru | rowspan="4" |''Pru'' |- ! scope="row" |"Got Me High" |- ! scope="row" |"Can't Compare Your Love" |- ! scope="row" |"Sketches of Pain" |- ! scope="row" |"Hold On" |L.V. |''How Long'' |- ! scope="row" |"Just Because" |F.A.T.E |''For All That's Endured'' |- ! scope="row" |"Weekend" | rowspan="22" |2001 | rowspan="5" |Kenny Lattimore | rowspan="5" |''Weekend'' |- ! scope="row" |"Baby You're the One" |- ! scope="row" |"Can You Feel Me" (Featuring Shanice) |- ! scope="row" |"If Love Is What You Want" |- ! scope="row" |"Right Down to It" |- ! scope="row" |"Better Than" |Damage |''Since You've Been Gone'' |- ! scope="row" |"Money" |Smash Task |''Selections From "The Dirty D.I.S.T.R.I.C.T."'' |- ! scope="row" |"I Want You For Myself" | rowspan="14" |V.A. | rowspan="14" |''One By One'' |- ! scope="row" |"Nobody Else" |- ! scope="row" |"Don't Ya Hate It" |- ! scope="row" |"I'm The Man" |- ! scope="row" |"Next To Me" |- ! scope="row" |"Breathe" |- ! scope="row" |"It Don't Make No Sense" |- ! scope="row" |"Swole" |- ! scope="row" |"You Could've Called" |- ! scope="row" |"It's Cool" |- ! scope="row" |"We Make Love" |- ! scope="row" |"Pretty Girl" |- ! scope="row" |"I'm Done" |- ! scope="row" |"I Want You For Myself (Acoustic)" |- ! scope="row" |"Crave" |4Shades |''4Shades'' |- ! scope="row" |"Why I Love You" | rowspan="6" |2002 | rowspan="4" |B2K |''Pandemonium!'' |- ! scope="row" |"Understanding" | rowspan="2" |''B2K'' |- ! scope="row" |"Baby Girl" |- ! scope="row" |"Baby Girl (Terri's Theme)" |''Barbershop (soundtrack)'' |- ! scope="row" |"I'm Wit It" |702 |''Star'' |- ! scope="row" |"You" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hiponline.com/2969/ruff-endz.html|title=Ruff Endz – Hip Online – music biographies, reviews & interviews|date=February 24, 2008|accessdate=January 28, 2023|archivedate=January 28, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128204022/https://www.hiponline.com/2969/ruff-endz.html}}</ref> |Ruff Endz |''Someone to Love You'' |- ! scope="row" |"Him" |2004 |Frankee |''The Good, the Bad, the Ugly'' |- ! scope="row" |"Love Is Free" (featuring Maluca) |2015 |Robyn &amp;amp; La Bagatelle Magique |''Love Is Free (EP)'' |- ! scope="row" |"Give It 2 U" | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="2" |J. Brown | rowspan="2" |''Forever Yours'' |- ! scope="row" |"Sunrise Sunset" |- |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" | Òtù Na-enye onyinye ! scope="col" | Ihe nrite ! scope="col" | Nsonaazụ ! Ref |- | 1995 | Onyinye Grammy nke afọ 37 | Grammy Award maka Best R&amp;amp;B Album ( ''II'' )| {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/awards/37th-annual-grammy-awards|title=Archived copy|accessdate=March 9, 2023|archivedate=March 3, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303194245/https://www.grammy.com/awards/37th-annual-grammy-awards}}</ref> |- | 2000 | ASCAP Pop Awards | Abụ na-enweta ihe nrite (" <nowiki><i id="mwApY">Nwanyị ụtọ</i></nowiki> ")| {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQ8EAAAAMBAJ&dq=charles+farrar+billboard&pg=PA21|title=Congratulations to the ASCAP Pop Award Winners|date=June 3, 2000|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|accessdate=December 24, 2022|archivedate=January 6, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106182424/https://books.google.com/books?id=mQ8EAAAAMBAJ&dq=charles+farrar+billboard&pg=PA21}}</ref> |- | 2000 | ASCAP Rhythm &amp;amp; Soul Awards | Abụ na-enweta ihe nrite (" <nowiki><i id="mwAqE">Nwanyị ụtọ</i></nowiki> ")| {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mw8EAAAAMBAJ&dq=ascap+rhythm+soul+sweet+lady+farrar&pg=PA18|title=You Are The Rhythm of Today And The Soul of Tomorrow|date=June 17, 2000|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|accessdate=October 29, 2023|archivedate=November 8, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108102038/https://books.google.com/books?id=mw8EAAAAMBAJ&dq=ascap+rhythm+soul+sweet+lady+farrar&pg=PA18}}</ref> |- |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Farrar, Charles}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fl8xwb7444s5t6fytyqnpv03cim79f9 0 45953 692473 168824 2026-07-30T08:33:59Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Gabriel Aghion''' (amụrụ 30 Disemba 1955) bụ onye isi ihe nkiri na onye na-ese ihe nkiri France. <ref name="NYT">[https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/09/style/09iht-lmovie.2.t_3.html The New York Times]</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080131190359/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/255640/Absolument-fabuleux/overview The New York Times]</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130726001647/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/79117/Gabriel-Aghion The New York Times]</ref> Ọ bụ nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke n'ihu ọha. <ref>"Bonjour, sweetie darling". ''[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]'', 20 November 2001.</ref> == Filmografii ahọpụtara == * ''[[La Scarlatine]]'' (1983) * ''[[Bras de Fer]]'' (1985) * ''[[Rue du Bac (film)|Rue du Bac]]'' (1990) * ''Pédale douce'' (1996) * ''Belle maman'' (1999) <ref name="NYT">[https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/09/style/09iht-lmovie.2.t_3.html The New York Times]</ref> * ''Le Libertin'' (1999) * ''Absolument fabuleux'' (2001) * ''[[Pédale dure|Obere oge]]'' (2004) * ''Ihe nkiri'' TV (2011) * ''Manon Lescaut'' (TV) (2013) * ''Avec le temps'' (TV) (2014) == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == boro ya ebubo ịbụ onye Juu. <ref>Robert Zaretsky, ''Nîmes at War: Religion, Politics, and Public Opinion in the Gard, 1938–1944'', Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994, p. 106</ref> Ọ bụ nwoke * {{IMDb name|0013041}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aghion, Gabriel}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mwvzx9nbwhmw4q3om81wk70wgqon81v 0 46230 692424 655375 2026-07-29T23:59:43Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Fatima Boubekdi''' (amụrụ Mee 17, 1970, na Casablanca) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwetara ihe nrite sitere na Morocco. == Akụkọ ndụ == Mgbe ọzụzụ egwuregwu dị mkpirikpi na Casablanca, na Rabat na High Institute of Theatrical Arts and Cultural Animation, Boubekdi chọpụtara penchant maka nduzi. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na [[Farida Bourquia]] na 1995 dị ka osote onye nduzi. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, o dere ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Mohamed Ismaïl, Hassan Benjelloun na Abdelmajid R'chich . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Portrait. Lumière sur Fatima Boubekdi|url=https://telquel.ma/2012/03/15/portrait-lumiere-sur-fatima-boubekdi_1587?fbrefresh=7|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Telquel.ma|language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatima Boubekdi : L'écriture du scénario demeure un problème commun aux courts et longs métrages|url=https://www.libe.ma/Fatima-Boubekdi-L-ecriture-du-scenario-demeure-un-probleme-commun-aux-courts-et-longs-metrages_a104730.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Libération|language=fr|archivedate=2024-02-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229205651/https://www.libe.ma/Fatima-Boubekdi-L-ecriture-du-scenario-demeure-un-probleme-commun-aux-courts-et-longs-metrages_a104730.html}}</ref> Na 1999, ọ na-eduzi ihe nkiri telivishọn mbụ ya, ''The Door of Hope'' . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage "Annatto"|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}</ref> Na 2006, ọ meriri ihe nrite atọ na mbipụta nke abụọ nke National Amazigh Film Festival maka ''Hammou Ounamir'' (Grand Prize, Best Directing) na ''Imoran'' (Kachasị Mma Screenplay). <ref>{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - La réalisatrice Fatima Boubekdi rafle les Prix|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2006/Festival-du-film-amazigh-de-Ouarzazate_La-realisatrice-Fatima-Boubekdi-rafle-les-Prix/65184.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}</ref> Na 2021, Boubekdi weputara ihe nkiri izizi ya, ''Annatto'' . Onye na-ese ihe nkiri, bụ onye na-asụ Arabic na Berber, nwere mmasị na omenala Amazigh, asụsụ bụ isi n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ya bụ Berber, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Merolla|first=Daniela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yc45MFUXIlwC&dq=Boubekdi&pg=PA193|title=De l'art de la narration tamazight (berbère): 200 ans d'études : état des lieux et perspectives|date=2006|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-429-1767-5|language=fr}}</ref> yana akụkọ ifo na akụkọ Moroccan, ma isiokwu na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na fim ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=La réalisatrice Fatima Boubekdi plaide pour un cinéma orienté vers l'histoire du Royaume|url=http://www.mapexpress.ma/actualite/societe-et-regions/la-realisatrice-fatima-boubekdi-plaide-pour-un-cinema-oriente-vers-lhistoire-du-royaume/|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=MAP Express|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == * ''Kabran Hmad'' (2005) <ref>{{Cite book|author=Merolla|first=Daniela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZjODwAAQBAJ&dq=Boubekdi&pg=PT26|title=Les cinémas berbères: De la méconnaissance aux festivals nationaux|date=2019-11-04|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=978-2-8111-2311-6|language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XVQ9wH-kOCgC&q=Fatima+Boubekdi|title=كتابة النسائية بالمغرب: دراسات وببليوغرافيا|date=2001|publisher=Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines|isbn=978-9981-911-07-9|language=fr}}</ref> * ''Hammou Ounamir'' (2006) * ''Imuran'' (2006) * ''Ọnụ ụzọ olileanya (2006)'' * ''Annatto'' (2021) <ref name=":0" />{{Cite web|author=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage "Annatto"|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Le Matin|language=fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMATIN">MATIN, LE. [https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/fatima-boubekdi-realise-premier-long-metrage-annatto/364389.html "Le Matin - Fatima Boubekdi réalise son premier long métrage "Annatto""]. ''Le Matin'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-18</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatima Ali Boubekdi revient avec sa première fiction "Annatto"|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/fatima-ali-boubekdi-revient-avec-sa-premiere-fiction-annatto|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=Aujourd'hui le Maroc|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ntụaka == ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Mohamed Ismaïl, Hassan Benjelloun na Abdelmajid R'chich{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Boubekdi, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4x8bmnmg9nu6hv6xgiiogj0xodd80bk 0 46786 692380 171271 2026-07-29T22:16:28Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692380 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farida Yahya Habu''' bụ onye ọchụnta ego Naijiria, onye edemede ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke Mandela Washington Fellowship Alumni Association of Nigeria ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Oshaba|first=Ene|date=2023-10-06|title=MWFAAN elects Farida Yahya 10th president|url=https://blueprint.ng/mwfaan-elects-farida-yahya-10th-president/|accessdate=2024-05-13|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Infobox officeholder|name=Farida Yahya Habu|office=President of Mandela Washington Fellowship Alumni Association of Nigeria.|image= |nationality=[[Nigeria]]|alma_mater=[[University of Maiduguri]]|occupation=Entrepreneur|profession=Biochemist & Author}} == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Farida na Borno Steeti, Naịjirịa. Ọ tolitere na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ nke Maiduguri, ebe ezinụlọ ya bi. Ọ gara Mahadum nke Maiduguri Primary School ma mesịa gaa Federal Government College Maidugiri . O nwere nzere bachelọ na biochemistry na [[Mahadum Nke Maiduguri|Mahadum nke Maiduguri]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ajumobi|first=Kemi|date=2020-04-10|title=Women in Business: Farida Yahya|url=https://businessday.ng/interview/women-in-business/article/women-in-business-farida-yahya/|accessdate=2024-05-13|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=#LLAInterview: "Wherever you find yourself, pull up another woman" Farida Yahya, Founder, Lumo Naturals – Leading Ladies Africa|url=https://leadingladiesafrica.org/llainterview-wherever-you-find-yourself-pull-up-another-woman-farida-yahya-founder-lumo-naturals/|accessdate=2024-05-13|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Farida bidoro ọrụ ya dịka onye enyemaka ụlọ nyocha na Dangote Flour Mills na Kano. O wee hiwe Lumo Naturals ọkachamara na nlekọta ntutu isi. Ọ bụbu onye ndu nkuzi na The Brief Academy wee jee ozi dị ka onye nkuzi mmemme na Schoollọ Akwụkwọ Azụmaahịa Ndị Nwanyị Ọdịnihu. Farida na-ejidekwa ọkwa dị ka onye isi na-abụghị onye isi na Republican Group, onye otu mmemme mmemme Mandela Washington Fellowship, onye isi oche nke Strategic Partnerships na Shecluded na onye nhazi mmemme na KSH Foundation. Ugbu a, ọ bụ Onye isi nke mmepe ndị ahịa na Onetella, osote onye isi ala, African Women Entrepreneurship Program AWEP, na onye isi ala nke Mandela Washington Fellowship Alumni Association of Nigerian.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Aina|first=Temitope|date=2024-03-22|title=Mandela Washington fellows seek better deal for women|url=https://punchng.com/mandela-washington-fellows-seek-better-deal-for-women/|accessdate=2024-05-13|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/04/mandela-washington-fellowship-alumni-association-of-nigeria-honours-womens-achievements/</ref> Farida dere Redefining Beautiful, [1] akwụkwọ na-edekọ njem ya na azụmaahịa nlekọta ntutu isi. Ọ na-ekerịta nkuzi ya na atụmatụ azụmaahịa ejiri zụlite ụlọ ọrụ ya, na-eje ozi dị ka ihe bara uru maka ndị na-achọsi ike na ndị nwe azụmaahịa dị na niche ahụ na-achọ scalability na nduzi iji zere ọnyà nkịtị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Yahya|first=Farida|date=2024-03-28|title=Farida Yahya: Solving The Funding Challenges That Women Entrepreneurs Encounter|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2024/03/farida-yahya-solving-the-funding-challenges-that-women-entrepreneurs-encounter/|accessdate=2024-05-13|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yahya, Farida}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 0tud6hy4t8biewki3xchm6j19jy5qnh 0 46809 692491 673812 2026-07-30T08:59:34Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692491 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Fatin Abbas in the video 'Pomegranate reading and discussion, with the book's author Helen Elaine Lee'.png|thumb|Fatin Abbas]]   Fatin Abbas ( ; amuru 1982 na Khartoum, Sudan) bu onye ode akwukwọ Sudan-American . Ebe ya na ezinụlọ ya nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ntorobịa ya na New York City na maka ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na United Kingdom na US, a mara ya maka edemede ya na ide akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo banyere Sudan, yana maka obere akụkọ ya na 2023 ya. oge mpụta mbụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mmụọ. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị PhD na Comparative Literature na Mahadum Harvard, ọ kuziri akụkọ ifo na Massachusetts Institute of Technology, na Pratt Institute na US, na Comparative Literature na Bard College na Berlin, Germany. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Abbas tolitere n'ezinụlọ nọ n'etiti ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ na Khartoum, ebe nna ya bụ prọfesọ mahadum na ngalaba Akwụkwọ Bekee. Mgbe ndị agha Omar al-Bashir wepụrụ ọchịchị n'afọ 1989, a tụrụ nna ya mkpọrọ dị ka onye na-emegide ọchịchị ọhụrụ ahụ ma tọhapụ ya naanị otu afọ ka e mesịrị. Iji gbanahụ mkpagbu ọzọ, ezinụlọ ahụ gara mba ọzọ na US na 1990. Na-arụ ọrụ na United Nations na New York City, nne ya nwetara ụgwọ ọnwa maka ezinụlọ ahụ.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|author=Miller|first=Stuart|date=2023-01-24|title=After her family left Sudan, Fatin Abbas later returned. 'Ghost Season' is the result.|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2023/01/24/after-her-family-left-sudan-fatin-abbas-later-returned-ghost-season-is-the-result|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=Orange County Register|language=en-US}}</ref> Abbas biri ndụ afọ iri na ụma ya na New York City wee hụ ajọ mbunobi agbụrụ megide Ndị Agba, yana ọdịiche ọdịbendị dị n'etiti ndụ Sudan na US mgbe ọ laghachiri Sudan maka nleta ogologo oge. O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Arts na akwụkwọ Bekee site na Mahadum Cambridge, PhD na Comparative Literature sitere na Mahadum Harvard, yana Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing site na Hunter College na Mahadum City nke New York. == Ọrụ dị ka onye edemede na agụmakwụkwọ == Dị ka onye edemede na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, Abbas edeela edemede, nyocha na akụkọ maka mgbasa ozi mba ụwa dị ka The Nation, <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2007-05-10|title=The New Face of Warfare|language=en-US|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/new-face-warfare/|accessdate=2023-03-23}}</ref> openDemocracy, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2012-08-31|title=Year of the boomerang? Frantz Fanon and the Arab uprisings|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/year-of-boomerang-frantz-fanon-and-arab-uprisings/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> Royal African Society's African Arguments, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2016-01-18|title=Coming to terms with Sudan's legacy of slavery|url=https://africanarguments.org/2016/01/coming-to-terms-with-sudans-legacy-of-slavery-2/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=African Arguments|language=en-GB}}</ref> magazin ''Bidoun'', <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=Below the Poverty Line|url=https://new.bidoun.org/articles/below-the-poverty-line-a-novel|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=Bidoun|language=en}}</ref> mbipụta German nke Le Monde diplomatique, <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=Brief aus Khartum|url=https://monde-diplomatique.de/artikel/!5373707|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=monde-diplomatique.de|language=de}}</ref> German Die Zeit online, [4] na ''Kulturaustausch'', magazin nke ifa - Institute for Foreign Relations na Germany bipụtara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2018-03-14|title=Niemals eine Bürgerin|url=https://www.zeit.de/kultur/2018-03/migration-sudan-usa-deutschland-fremde-10nach8/komplettansicht|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=Die Zeit|language=de}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=Against white time|url=https://www.kulturaustausch.de/en/archive?tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bauid%5D=4730&tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bview%5D=ARTICLE&cHash=077d421b41d4730b06a62b5843b9f54f|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.kulturaustausch.de|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323160450/https://www.kulturaustausch.de/en/archive?tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bauid%5D=4730&tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bview%5D=ARTICLE&cHash=077d421b41d4730b06a62b5843b9f54f}}</ref> Maka magazin dị n'ịntanetị Africa is a Country, o dere nyocha nke ihe nkiri ''Timbuktu'' nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Mauritania bụ Abderrahmane Sissako.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=A beautiful vision of resistance|url=https://africasacountry.com/2015/02/abderrahmane-sissakos-oscar-nominated-timbuktu-transcends-the-present|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=africasacountry.com|date=21 December 2022|language=en-US}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ edemede ya nke afọ 2015 na-abịa na ihe nketa Sudan nke ịgba ohu, ọ tụlere akụkọ banyere ịgba ohu site na mmalite narị afọ nke 19 ruo Sudan nwere onwe ya. Ọ kọwapụtara ka ịgba ohu siri kpụzie echiche ọha na eze na-enwekarị banyere njirimara dị ka ndị Alakụba na ndị Arab nke ugwu Sudan ma ọ bụ dị ka ndịda Sudan nke tumadi nkwenkwe okpukpe Africa ma ọ bụ nke Ndị Kraịst.<ref name=":2"/>   N'otu edemede e bipụtara n'asụsụ German, ọ kọrọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Khartoum site na steeti Mahdist na-emegide ọchịchị na ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 19 ruo mgbe [[South Sudan]] si n'akụkụ ugwu nke mba ahụ n'okpuru ọchịchị aka ike nke Omar al-Bashir.<ref name=":5"/> Ọzọkwa, ọ na-ekwu maka isiokwu ndị dị ka ụmụaka ndị agha na mgbasawanye nke obere ngwá agha n'ụwa niile.<ref name=":1"/> Akụkọ ifo ya dị mkpirikpi apụtala na magazin ndị dị ka ''Granta,'' <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2020-04-30|title=Diminishing Returns|url=https://granta.com/diminishing-returns/|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=Granta|language=en-US}}</ref> Freeman's, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://groveatlantic.com/book/freemans-arrival/|title=Freeman's: Arrival {{!}} Grove Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> The MIT Technology Review, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=The first murder|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/08/19/1006355/the-first-murder-abbas/|date=19 August 2020|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=MIT Technology Review|language=en}}</ref> ''The Warwick Review,'' na Friction . Akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi ya nke afọ 2023 bụ Ghost Season dabeere na ahụmịhe onwe onye nke onye edemede ahụ na-arụ ọrụ maka otu NGO na mpaghara ókèala dị n'etiti ugwu na ndịda Sudan ma mee ya n'obodo Saaraya, "ebe ọhụụ na agha obodo dị n'agbata ndị nnupụisi nke ndịda na gọọmentị ugwu nke dị na Khartoum".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Ajayi|first=Angela|date=2023-01-13|title=Review: 'Ghost Season,' by Fatin Abbas|url=https://www.startribune.com/review-ghost-season-by-fatin-abbas/600243197/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=Star Tribune|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323223343/https://www.startribune.com/review-ghost-season-by-fatin-abbas/600243197/}}</ref> Abbas akụzierela akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo na ngalaba Comparative Media Studies / Writing na Massachusetts Institute of Technology[1] na Pratt Institute na US, [2] yana Akwụkwọ Comparative Literature na Bard College Berlin, Germany, ebe o bi ugbu a. Nkà mmụta PhD ya na 2012 na Harvard ka akpọrọ Class, Gender na Indigeneity dị ka Counter-discourses in the African Novel: Achebe, Ngugi, Emecheta, Sow Fall na Ali.N'afọ 2014, o bipụtara nyocha akwụkwọ akụkọ nke onye ode akwụkwọ Egypt bụ Idris Ali na-ekwu maka mba Arab na njirimara diasporic Nubian. Nnyocha ya gbadoro ụkwụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị si mba Africa, okike na akwụkwọ Africa na Arabic, mba mba mgbe nnwere onwe, yana colonialism na ijikọ ụwa ọnụ n'akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri Africa na Middle East. == Nnabata == N'ime akwụkwọ nyocha nke Ghost Season maka ''The New York Times'', onye edemede Britain a mụrụ na Eritrea bụ Sulaiman Addonia dere na Abbas "nwere obi ike ịbanye n'ime ọnyá na tabos nke Sudan" nakwa na "akụkọ nke ndị nkịtị nọ n'aka ejighị n'aka na-eme ka akụkọ na-enye nsogbu na mmalite obi ike. " <ref>{{Cite news|author=Addonia|first=Sulaiman|date=2023-01-10|title=A Debut Novel Explores the Complexities of Sudan's Civil War|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/10/books/review/fatin-abbas-ghost-season.html|accessdate=2023-03-23}}</ref> Nnyocha ndị ọzọ pụtara na Sudanese 500 Words Magazine, <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2023-03-02|title=Ghost Season: A Debut Novel By Fatin Abbas|url=https://500wordsmag.com/art-and-culture/books/ghost-season-a-debut-novel-by-fatin-abbas/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=[[500 Words Magazine]]|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323223343/https://500wordsmag.com/art-and-culture/books/ghost-season-a-debut-novel-by-fatin-abbas/}}</ref> ''New York Journal of Books'', <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sears|first=Michael|title=Ghost Season: A Novel|url=https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/ghost-season-novel|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.nyjournalofbooks.com|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323223346/https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/ghost-season-novel}}</ref> Orange County Register <ref name=":6"/> na ''Star Tribune'' nke Minneapolis, nke toro ya "nnukwu nlekọta na nlebara anya maka ebe na àgwà" <ref name=":3"/>   Ọzọkwa, akwụkwọ akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ Brittle họpụtara Ghost Season dị a tu n'aime akwụkwọ 100 ama ama nike Africa nke 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|title=100 Notable African Books of 2023|url=https://brittlepaper.com/notable-african-books-of-2023/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=brittlepaper.com}}</ref> == Ọrụ == * ''Akwụkwọ ozi ụrọ''. Ihe nkiri, 2009<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Fatin Abbas|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/author/fatin-abbas/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> * Ihe Ndị Na-echeta Ubi. Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, nke e bipụtara na The Warwick Review, Dec 2011[1]<ref name=":8" /> * ''Ibi úgwù''. Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, nke openDemocracy bipụtara, 2012 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=The Circumcision|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/circumcision/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> * ''Oge Mmụọ''. Akwụkwọ akụkọ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] == Ihe nrite na mmata == N'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum City nke New York, Abbas nyere ya ma Bernard Cohen Short Story Prize na Miriam Weinberg Richter Award. Ọ bụbu onye Miles Morland Foundation Writing Scholar na United Kingdom, onye otu na Akademie Schloss Solitude na ntọala ọdịbendị Schloss Wiepersdorf na Germany.onye na-ede akwụkwọ na Jan Michalski Foundation dị na Switzerland, Maison Baldwin St. Paul de Vence Onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-ebi na France, onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke Austrian Federal Chancellery / KulturKontakt Artist-in-Residence, yana Mophradat na-ede akwụkwọ sabbatical awardee. na Belgium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghost Season: A Novel, excerpt from a novel, by Fatin Abbas, 2022|url=https://mophradat.org/en/library/ghost-season-a-novel-excerpt-from-a-novel-by-fatin-abbas-2022/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=mophradat.org}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Akwụkwọ Sudan * Ndepụta nke ndị edemede Sudan * Akwụkwọ Arabic nke oge a == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.fatinabbas.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] * [https://blog.berlin.bard.edu/on-belonging-writing-and-migrating-with-dr-fatin-abbas/ Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Fatin Abbas banyere ịbụ onye, ide na ịkwaga, Nọvemba 2023] * Mud Missive, ihe ngosi vidio banyere ndị ọkpụite na White Nile site na Fatin Abbas, na [[YouTube]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Abbas, Fatin}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tge3o1yohkwz6c5ydwbo2vq7jda4f7v 692493 692491 2026-07-30T09:00:34Z Sayvhior 13464 Added Databox 692493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Faịlụ:Fatin Abbas in the video 'Pomegranate reading and discussion, with the book's author Helen Elaine Lee'.png|thumb|Fatin Abbas]] Fatin Abbas ( ; amuru 1982 na Khartoum, Sudan) bu onye ode akwukwọ Sudan-American . Ebe ya na ezinụlọ ya nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ntorobịa ya na New York City na maka ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na United Kingdom na US, a mara ya maka edemede ya na ide akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo banyere Sudan, yana maka obere akụkọ ya na 2023 ya. oge mpụta mbụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mmụọ. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị PhD na Comparative Literature na Mahadum Harvard, ọ kuziri akụkọ ifo na Massachusetts Institute of Technology, na Pratt Institute na US, na Comparative Literature na Bard College na Berlin, Germany. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Abbas tolitere n'ezinụlọ nọ n'etiti ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ na Khartoum, ebe nna ya bụ prọfesọ mahadum na ngalaba Akwụkwọ Bekee. Mgbe ndị agha Omar al-Bashir wepụrụ ọchịchị n'afọ 1989, a tụrụ nna ya mkpọrọ dị ka onye na-emegide ọchịchị ọhụrụ ahụ ma tọhapụ ya naanị otu afọ ka e mesịrị. Iji gbanahụ mkpagbu ọzọ, ezinụlọ ahụ gara mba ọzọ na US na 1990. Na-arụ ọrụ na United Nations na New York City, nne ya nwetara ụgwọ ọnwa maka ezinụlọ ahụ.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|author=Miller|first=Stuart|date=2023-01-24|title=After her family left Sudan, Fatin Abbas later returned. 'Ghost Season' is the result.|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2023/01/24/after-her-family-left-sudan-fatin-abbas-later-returned-ghost-season-is-the-result|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=Orange County Register|language=en-US}}</ref> Abbas biri ndụ afọ iri na ụma ya na New York City wee hụ ajọ mbunobi agbụrụ megide Ndị Agba, yana ọdịiche ọdịbendị dị n'etiti ndụ Sudan na US mgbe ọ laghachiri Sudan maka nleta ogologo oge. O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Arts na akwụkwọ Bekee site na Mahadum Cambridge, PhD na Comparative Literature sitere na Mahadum Harvard, yana Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing site na Hunter College na Mahadum City nke New York. == Ọrụ dị ka onye edemede na agụmakwụkwọ == Dị ka onye edemede na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, Abbas edeela edemede, nyocha na akụkọ maka mgbasa ozi mba ụwa dị ka The Nation, <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2007-05-10|title=The New Face of Warfare|language=en-US|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/new-face-warfare/|accessdate=2023-03-23}}</ref> openDemocracy, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2012-08-31|title=Year of the boomerang? Frantz Fanon and the Arab uprisings|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/year-of-boomerang-frantz-fanon-and-arab-uprisings/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> Royal African Society's African Arguments, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2016-01-18|title=Coming to terms with Sudan's legacy of slavery|url=https://africanarguments.org/2016/01/coming-to-terms-with-sudans-legacy-of-slavery-2/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=African Arguments|language=en-GB}}</ref> magazin ''Bidoun'', <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=Below the Poverty Line|url=https://new.bidoun.org/articles/below-the-poverty-line-a-novel|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=Bidoun|language=en}}</ref> mbipụta German nke Le Monde diplomatique, <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=Brief aus Khartum|url=https://monde-diplomatique.de/artikel/!5373707|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=monde-diplomatique.de|language=de}}</ref> German Die Zeit online, [4] na ''Kulturaustausch'', magazin nke ifa - Institute for Foreign Relations na Germany bipụtara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2018-03-14|title=Niemals eine Bürgerin|url=https://www.zeit.de/kultur/2018-03/migration-sudan-usa-deutschland-fremde-10nach8/komplettansicht|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=Die Zeit|language=de}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=Against white time|url=https://www.kulturaustausch.de/en/archive?tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bauid%5D=4730&tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bview%5D=ARTICLE&cHash=077d421b41d4730b06a62b5843b9f54f|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.kulturaustausch.de|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323160450/https://www.kulturaustausch.de/en/archive?tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bauid%5D=4730&tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bview%5D=ARTICLE&cHash=077d421b41d4730b06a62b5843b9f54f}}</ref> Maka magazin dị n'ịntanetị Africa is a Country, o dere nyocha nke ihe nkiri ''Timbuktu'' nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Mauritania bụ Abderrahmane Sissako.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=A beautiful vision of resistance|url=https://africasacountry.com/2015/02/abderrahmane-sissakos-oscar-nominated-timbuktu-transcends-the-present|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=africasacountry.com|date=21 December 2022|language=en-US}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ edemede ya nke afọ 2015 na-abịa na ihe nketa Sudan nke ịgba ohu, ọ tụlere akụkọ banyere ịgba ohu site na mmalite narị afọ nke 19 ruo Sudan nwere onwe ya. Ọ kọwapụtara ka ịgba ohu siri kpụzie echiche ọha na eze na-enwekarị banyere njirimara dị ka ndị Alakụba na ndị Arab nke ugwu Sudan ma ọ bụ dị ka ndịda Sudan nke tumadi nkwenkwe okpukpe Africa ma ọ bụ nke Ndị Kraịst.<ref name=":2"/>   N'otu edemede e bipụtara n'asụsụ German, ọ kọrọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Khartoum site na steeti Mahdist na-emegide ọchịchị na ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 19 ruo mgbe [[South Sudan]] si n'akụkụ ugwu nke mba ahụ n'okpuru ọchịchị aka ike nke Omar al-Bashir.<ref name=":5"/> Ọzọkwa, ọ na-ekwu maka isiokwu ndị dị ka ụmụaka ndị agha na mgbasawanye nke obere ngwá agha n'ụwa niile.<ref name=":1"/> Akụkọ ifo ya dị mkpirikpi apụtala na magazin ndị dị ka ''Granta,'' <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2020-04-30|title=Diminishing Returns|url=https://granta.com/diminishing-returns/|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=Granta|language=en-US}}</ref> Freeman's, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://groveatlantic.com/book/freemans-arrival/|title=Freeman's: Arrival {{!}} Grove Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> The MIT Technology Review, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=The first murder|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/08/19/1006355/the-first-murder-abbas/|date=19 August 2020|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=MIT Technology Review|language=en}}</ref> ''The Warwick Review,'' na Friction . Akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi ya nke afọ 2023 bụ Ghost Season dabeere na ahụmịhe onwe onye nke onye edemede ahụ na-arụ ọrụ maka otu NGO na mpaghara ókèala dị n'etiti ugwu na ndịda Sudan ma mee ya n'obodo Saaraya, "ebe ọhụụ na agha obodo dị n'agbata ndị nnupụisi nke ndịda na gọọmentị ugwu nke dị na Khartoum".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Ajayi|first=Angela|date=2023-01-13|title=Review: 'Ghost Season,' by Fatin Abbas|url=https://www.startribune.com/review-ghost-season-by-fatin-abbas/600243197/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=Star Tribune|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323223343/https://www.startribune.com/review-ghost-season-by-fatin-abbas/600243197/}}</ref> Abbas akụzierela akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo na ngalaba Comparative Media Studies / Writing na Massachusetts Institute of Technology[1] na Pratt Institute na US, [2] yana Akwụkwọ Comparative Literature na Bard College Berlin, Germany, ebe o bi ugbu a. Nkà mmụta PhD ya na 2012 na Harvard ka akpọrọ Class, Gender na Indigeneity dị ka Counter-discourses in the African Novel: Achebe, Ngugi, Emecheta, Sow Fall na Ali.N'afọ 2014, o bipụtara nyocha akwụkwọ akụkọ nke onye ode akwụkwọ Egypt bụ Idris Ali na-ekwu maka mba Arab na njirimara diasporic Nubian. Nnyocha ya gbadoro ụkwụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị si mba Africa, okike na akwụkwọ Africa na Arabic, mba mba mgbe nnwere onwe, yana colonialism na ijikọ ụwa ọnụ n'akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri Africa na Middle East. == Nnabata == N'ime akwụkwọ nyocha nke Ghost Season maka ''The New York Times'', onye edemede Britain a mụrụ na Eritrea bụ Sulaiman Addonia dere na Abbas "nwere obi ike ịbanye n'ime ọnyá na tabos nke Sudan" nakwa na "akụkọ nke ndị nkịtị nọ n'aka ejighị n'aka na-eme ka akụkọ na-enye nsogbu na mmalite obi ike. " <ref>{{Cite news|author=Addonia|first=Sulaiman|date=2023-01-10|title=A Debut Novel Explores the Complexities of Sudan's Civil War|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/10/books/review/fatin-abbas-ghost-season.html|accessdate=2023-03-23}}</ref> Nnyocha ndị ọzọ pụtara na Sudanese 500 Words Magazine, <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2023-03-02|title=Ghost Season: A Debut Novel By Fatin Abbas|url=https://500wordsmag.com/art-and-culture/books/ghost-season-a-debut-novel-by-fatin-abbas/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=[[500 Words Magazine]]|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323223343/https://500wordsmag.com/art-and-culture/books/ghost-season-a-debut-novel-by-fatin-abbas/}}</ref> ''New York Journal of Books'', <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sears|first=Michael|title=Ghost Season: A Novel|url=https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/ghost-season-novel|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.nyjournalofbooks.com|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323223346/https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/ghost-season-novel}}</ref> Orange County Register <ref name=":6"/> na ''Star Tribune'' nke Minneapolis, nke toro ya "nnukwu nlekọta na nlebara anya maka ebe na àgwà" <ref name=":3"/>   Ọzọkwa, akwụkwọ akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ Brittle họpụtara Ghost Season dị a tu n'aime akwụkwọ 100 ama ama nike Africa nke 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|title=100 Notable African Books of 2023|url=https://brittlepaper.com/notable-african-books-of-2023/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=brittlepaper.com}}</ref> == Ọrụ == * ''Akwụkwọ ozi ụrọ''. Ihe nkiri, 2009<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Fatin Abbas|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/author/fatin-abbas/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> * Ihe Ndị Na-echeta Ubi. Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, nke e bipụtara na The Warwick Review, Dec 2011[1]<ref name=":8" /> * ''Ibi úgwù''. Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, nke openDemocracy bipụtara, 2012 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=The Circumcision|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/circumcision/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> * ''Oge Mmụọ''. Akwụkwọ akụkọ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] == Ihe nrite na mmata == N'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum City nke New York, Abbas nyere ya ma Bernard Cohen Short Story Prize na Miriam Weinberg Richter Award. Ọ bụbu onye Miles Morland Foundation Writing Scholar na United Kingdom, onye otu na Akademie Schloss Solitude na ntọala ọdịbendị Schloss Wiepersdorf na Germany.onye na-ede akwụkwọ na Jan Michalski Foundation dị na Switzerland, Maison Baldwin St. Paul de Vence Onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-ebi na France, onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke Austrian Federal Chancellery / KulturKontakt Artist-in-Residence, yana Mophradat na-ede akwụkwọ sabbatical awardee. na Belgium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghost Season: A Novel, excerpt from a novel, by Fatin Abbas, 2022|url=https://mophradat.org/en/library/ghost-season-a-novel-excerpt-from-a-novel-by-fatin-abbas-2022/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=mophradat.org}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Akwụkwọ Sudan * Ndepụta nke ndị edemede Sudan * Akwụkwọ Arabic nke oge a == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.fatinabbas.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] * [https://blog.berlin.bard.edu/on-belonging-writing-and-migrating-with-dr-fatin-abbas/ Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Fatin Abbas banyere ịbụ onye, ide na ịkwaga, Nọvemba 2023] * Mud Missive, ihe ngosi vidio banyere ndị ọkpụite na White Nile site na Fatin Abbas, na [[YouTube]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Abbas, Fatin}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jwyp9gsjswobtd7cte5d2d9ggaewivu 692494 692493 2026-07-30T09:01:08Z Sayvhior 13464 692494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Fatin Abbas ( ; amuru 1982 na Khartoum, Sudan) bu onye ode akwukwọ Sudan-American . Ebe ya na ezinụlọ ya nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ntorobịa ya na New York City na maka ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na United Kingdom na US, a mara ya maka edemede ya na ide akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo banyere Sudan, yana maka obere akụkọ ya na 2023 ya. oge mpụta mbụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mmụọ. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị PhD na Comparative Literature na Mahadum Harvard, ọ kuziri akụkọ ifo na Massachusetts Institute of Technology, na Pratt Institute na US, na Comparative Literature na Bard College na Berlin, Germany. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Abbas tolitere n'ezinụlọ nọ n'etiti ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ na Khartoum, ebe nna ya bụ prọfesọ mahadum na ngalaba Akwụkwọ Bekee. Mgbe ndị agha Omar al-Bashir wepụrụ ọchịchị n'afọ 1989, a tụrụ nna ya mkpọrọ dị ka onye na-emegide ọchịchị ọhụrụ ahụ ma tọhapụ ya naanị otu afọ ka e mesịrị. Iji gbanahụ mkpagbu ọzọ, ezinụlọ ahụ gara mba ọzọ na US na 1990. Na-arụ ọrụ na United Nations na New York City, nne ya nwetara ụgwọ ọnwa maka ezinụlọ ahụ.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|author=Miller|first=Stuart|date=2023-01-24|title=After her family left Sudan, Fatin Abbas later returned. 'Ghost Season' is the result.|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2023/01/24/after-her-family-left-sudan-fatin-abbas-later-returned-ghost-season-is-the-result|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=Orange County Register|language=en-US}}</ref> Abbas biri ndụ afọ iri na ụma ya na New York City wee hụ ajọ mbunobi agbụrụ megide Ndị Agba, yana ọdịiche ọdịbendị dị n'etiti ndụ Sudan na US mgbe ọ laghachiri Sudan maka nleta ogologo oge. O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Arts na akwụkwọ Bekee site na Mahadum Cambridge, PhD na Comparative Literature sitere na Mahadum Harvard, yana Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing site na Hunter College na Mahadum City nke New York. == Ọrụ dị ka onye edemede na agụmakwụkwọ == Dị ka onye edemede na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, Abbas edeela edemede, nyocha na akụkọ maka mgbasa ozi mba ụwa dị ka The Nation, <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2007-05-10|title=The New Face of Warfare|language=en-US|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/new-face-warfare/|accessdate=2023-03-23}}</ref> openDemocracy, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2012-08-31|title=Year of the boomerang? Frantz Fanon and the Arab uprisings|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/year-of-boomerang-frantz-fanon-and-arab-uprisings/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> Royal African Society's African Arguments, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2016-01-18|title=Coming to terms with Sudan's legacy of slavery|url=https://africanarguments.org/2016/01/coming-to-terms-with-sudans-legacy-of-slavery-2/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=African Arguments|language=en-GB}}</ref> magazin ''Bidoun'', <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=Below the Poverty Line|url=https://new.bidoun.org/articles/below-the-poverty-line-a-novel|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=Bidoun|language=en}}</ref> mbipụta German nke Le Monde diplomatique, <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=Brief aus Khartum|url=https://monde-diplomatique.de/artikel/!5373707|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=monde-diplomatique.de|language=de}}</ref> German Die Zeit online, [4] na ''Kulturaustausch'', magazin nke ifa - Institute for Foreign Relations na Germany bipụtara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2018-03-14|title=Niemals eine Bürgerin|url=https://www.zeit.de/kultur/2018-03/migration-sudan-usa-deutschland-fremde-10nach8/komplettansicht|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=Die Zeit|language=de}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=Against white time|url=https://www.kulturaustausch.de/en/archive?tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bauid%5D=4730&tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bview%5D=ARTICLE&cHash=077d421b41d4730b06a62b5843b9f54f|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.kulturaustausch.de|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323160450/https://www.kulturaustausch.de/en/archive?tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bauid%5D=4730&tx_amkulturaustausch_pi1%5Bview%5D=ARTICLE&cHash=077d421b41d4730b06a62b5843b9f54f}}</ref> Maka magazin dị n'ịntanetị Africa is a Country, o dere nyocha nke ihe nkiri ''Timbuktu'' nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Mauritania bụ Abderrahmane Sissako.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=A beautiful vision of resistance|url=https://africasacountry.com/2015/02/abderrahmane-sissakos-oscar-nominated-timbuktu-transcends-the-present|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=africasacountry.com|date=21 December 2022|language=en-US}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ edemede ya nke afọ 2015 na-abịa na ihe nketa Sudan nke ịgba ohu, ọ tụlere akụkọ banyere ịgba ohu site na mmalite narị afọ nke 19 ruo Sudan nwere onwe ya. Ọ kọwapụtara ka ịgba ohu siri kpụzie echiche ọha na eze na-enwekarị banyere njirimara dị ka ndị Alakụba na ndị Arab nke ugwu Sudan ma ọ bụ dị ka ndịda Sudan nke tumadi nkwenkwe okpukpe Africa ma ọ bụ nke Ndị Kraịst.<ref name=":2"/>   N'otu edemede e bipụtara n'asụsụ German, ọ kọrọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Khartoum site na steeti Mahdist na-emegide ọchịchị na ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 19 ruo mgbe [[South Sudan]] si n'akụkụ ugwu nke mba ahụ n'okpuru ọchịchị aka ike nke Omar al-Bashir.<ref name=":5"/> Ọzọkwa, ọ na-ekwu maka isiokwu ndị dị ka ụmụaka ndị agha na mgbasawanye nke obere ngwá agha n'ụwa niile.<ref name=":1"/> Akụkọ ifo ya dị mkpirikpi apụtala na magazin ndị dị ka ''Granta,'' <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|date=2020-04-30|title=Diminishing Returns|url=https://granta.com/diminishing-returns/|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=Granta|language=en-US}}</ref> Freeman's, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://groveatlantic.com/book/freemans-arrival/|title=Freeman's: Arrival {{!}} Grove Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> The MIT Technology Review, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=The first murder|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/08/19/1006355/the-first-murder-abbas/|date=19 August 2020|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=MIT Technology Review|language=en}}</ref> ''The Warwick Review,'' na Friction . Akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi ya nke afọ 2023 bụ Ghost Season dabeere na ahụmịhe onwe onye nke onye edemede ahụ na-arụ ọrụ maka otu NGO na mpaghara ókèala dị n'etiti ugwu na ndịda Sudan ma mee ya n'obodo Saaraya, "ebe ọhụụ na agha obodo dị n'agbata ndị nnupụisi nke ndịda na gọọmentị ugwu nke dị na Khartoum".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Ajayi|first=Angela|date=2023-01-13|title=Review: 'Ghost Season,' by Fatin Abbas|url=https://www.startribune.com/review-ghost-season-by-fatin-abbas/600243197/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=Star Tribune|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323223343/https://www.startribune.com/review-ghost-season-by-fatin-abbas/600243197/}}</ref> Abbas akụzierela akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo na ngalaba Comparative Media Studies / Writing na Massachusetts Institute of Technology[1] na Pratt Institute na US, [2] yana Akwụkwọ Comparative Literature na Bard College Berlin, Germany, ebe o bi ugbu a. Nkà mmụta PhD ya na 2012 na Harvard ka akpọrọ Class, Gender na Indigeneity dị ka Counter-discourses in the African Novel: Achebe, Ngugi, Emecheta, Sow Fall na Ali.N'afọ 2014, o bipụtara nyocha akwụkwọ akụkọ nke onye ode akwụkwọ Egypt bụ Idris Ali na-ekwu maka mba Arab na njirimara diasporic Nubian. Nnyocha ya gbadoro ụkwụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị si mba Africa, okike na akwụkwọ Africa na Arabic, mba mba mgbe nnwere onwe, yana colonialism na ijikọ ụwa ọnụ n'akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri Africa na Middle East. == Nnabata == N'ime akwụkwọ nyocha nke Ghost Season maka ''The New York Times'', onye edemede Britain a mụrụ na Eritrea bụ Sulaiman Addonia dere na Abbas "nwere obi ike ịbanye n'ime ọnyá na tabos nke Sudan" nakwa na "akụkọ nke ndị nkịtị nọ n'aka ejighị n'aka na-eme ka akụkọ na-enye nsogbu na mmalite obi ike. " <ref>{{Cite news|author=Addonia|first=Sulaiman|date=2023-01-10|title=A Debut Novel Explores the Complexities of Sudan's Civil War|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/10/books/review/fatin-abbas-ghost-season.html|accessdate=2023-03-23}}</ref> Nnyocha ndị ọzọ pụtara na Sudanese 500 Words Magazine, <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2023-03-02|title=Ghost Season: A Debut Novel By Fatin Abbas|url=https://500wordsmag.com/art-and-culture/books/ghost-season-a-debut-novel-by-fatin-abbas/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=[[500 Words Magazine]]|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323223343/https://500wordsmag.com/art-and-culture/books/ghost-season-a-debut-novel-by-fatin-abbas/}}</ref> ''New York Journal of Books'', <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sears|first=Michael|title=Ghost Season: A Novel|url=https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/ghost-season-novel|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.nyjournalofbooks.com|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323223346/https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/ghost-season-novel}}</ref> Orange County Register <ref name=":6"/> na ''Star Tribune'' nke Minneapolis, nke toro ya "nnukwu nlekọta na nlebara anya maka ebe na àgwà" <ref name=":3"/>   Ọzọkwa, akwụkwọ akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ Brittle họpụtara Ghost Season dị a tu n'aime akwụkwọ 100 ama ama nike Africa nke 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|title=100 Notable African Books of 2023|url=https://brittlepaper.com/notable-african-books-of-2023/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=brittlepaper.com}}</ref> == Ọrụ == * ''Akwụkwọ ozi ụrọ''. Ihe nkiri, 2009<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Fatin Abbas|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/author/fatin-abbas/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> * Ihe Ndị Na-echeta Ubi. Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, nke e bipụtara na The Warwick Review, Dec 2011[1]<ref name=":8" /> * ''Ibi úgwù''. Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, nke openDemocracy bipụtara, 2012 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abbas|first=Fatin|title=The Circumcision|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/circumcision/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> * ''Oge Mmụọ''. Akwụkwọ akụkọ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] == Ihe nrite na mmata == N'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum City nke New York, Abbas nyere ya ma Bernard Cohen Short Story Prize na Miriam Weinberg Richter Award. Ọ bụbu onye Miles Morland Foundation Writing Scholar na United Kingdom, onye otu na Akademie Schloss Solitude na ntọala ọdịbendị Schloss Wiepersdorf na Germany.onye na-ede akwụkwọ na Jan Michalski Foundation dị na Switzerland, Maison Baldwin St. Paul de Vence Onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-ebi na France, onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke Austrian Federal Chancellery / KulturKontakt Artist-in-Residence, yana Mophradat na-ede akwụkwọ sabbatical awardee. na Belgium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghost Season: A Novel, excerpt from a novel, by Fatin Abbas, 2022|url=https://mophradat.org/en/library/ghost-season-a-novel-excerpt-from-a-novel-by-fatin-abbas-2022/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=mophradat.org}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Akwụkwọ Sudan * Ndepụta nke ndị edemede Sudan * Akwụkwọ Arabic nke oge a == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.fatinabbas.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] * [https://blog.berlin.bard.edu/on-belonging-writing-and-migrating-with-dr-fatin-abbas/ Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Fatin Abbas banyere ịbụ onye, ide na ịkwaga, Nọvemba 2023] * Mud Missive, ihe ngosi vidio banyere ndị ọkpụite na White Nile site na Fatin Abbas, na [[YouTube]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Abbas, Fatin}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2fydznyybnrccm6fcbxzgwlvlq0pvqd 0 46879 692599 496276 2026-07-30T11:29:33Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692599 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Flora Anna Buda.jpg|thumb|Flora Anna Buda]] Flóra Anna Buda (amuru March 4, 1991) bu onye isi ihe nkiri Hungarian na ihe nkiri dabere na Paris, [[France]] .  A mara ya nke ukwuu maka ide na iduzi obere ihe nkiri na-emeri ọtụtụ ihe nrite 27, nke ihe nkiri na Cannes Film Festival na 2023, ebe ọ meri Palme d'Or du court métrage .  [1] Buda edewokwa ma duzie obere ihe nkiri Entropia (2019) na-enweta ihe nrite, nke bụ ọrụ ngụsị akwụkwọ ya na MOME. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Robinson|first=Chris|date=2022-05-10|title=Moholy-Nagy University Of Art And Design Through The Eyes Of Its Alumni|url=https://www.cartoonbrew.com/schools/moholy-nagy-university-art-design-214897.html|accessdate=2023-12-28|work=Cartoon Brew|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Amidi|first=Amid|date=2021-04-15|title=Short Pick Of The Day: 'Entropia' By Flóra Anna Buda|url=https://www.cartoonbrew.com/cartoon-brew-pick/short-pick-of-the-day-entropia-by-flora-anna-buda-204339.html|accessdate=2023-12-28|work=Cartoon Brew|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Buda aha animation na MOME (Budapest, Hungary) wee gụchaa na 2014 na nzere bachelọ na animation yana na 2018 jiri nzere nna ukwu na animation <ref name=":0" /> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ malitere ọzụzụ na MIYU Productions, ebe ọ mechara bụrụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri. N'agbata 2018 na 2019, Buda sonyeere na mmemme nke European-Union akwụkwọ 'Animation Sans Frontières', [1] ihe omumu ihe omumu nke mba uwa na École de l'image GOBELINS na Paris, France;  Filmakademie Baden Württemberg na Ludwigsburg, [[Jémanị|Germany]];  Ndị ọrụ ihe nkiri na Viborg, [[Denmark]];  MOME na Budapest, Hungary. Buda sokwa na ebe obibi ndị nka abụọ n'etiti 2020 na 2022: ọ gara Open Workshop, na ebe obibi mba maka ụwa ndị isi ihe nkiri na The Animation Workshop, na ebe obibi mba ụwa maka ndị isi ihe nkiri CICLIC, na Vendôme,  France <ref>{{Cite web|title=You are being redirected...|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2023/07/27-director-flora-anna-buda-reflects-on-her-annecy-cristal-winning-short/|accessdate=2023-12-29|work=www.animationmagazine.net}}</ref> Ihe nkiri mbụ mbụ ya, 27, ka emechara na 2023 wee malite na Cannes Film Festival n'otu awụ ahụ.. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=‘27’ by Hungarian director Flóra Anna Buda wins Short Film Palme d'Or in Cannes │ Szegedify|url=https://www.szegedify.com/world-news/2023/5/29/27-by-hungarian-director-flora-anna-buda-wins-short-film-palme-dor-in-cannes|accessdate=2023-12-28|work=Szegedify|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == * ''Ụbọchị mgbe ọdịdị nne kụrụ m aka'' (2015) - onye nduzi, onye nduzi ihe nkiri, onye na-eme ihe nkiri <ref>{{Cite web|title=Flóra Anna Buda|url=https://nfi.hu/cast/flora-anna-buda|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=NFI|language=EN}}</ref> * ''Superbia'' (2016) - agba, kpochaa * ''Entropia'' (2019) - onye nduzi, onye nduzi nka, onye edemede edemede <ref>{{Cite web|author=Shorts|first=Berlinale|date=2019-02-01|title=AN INTERVIEW WITH FLÓRA ANNA BUDA ABOUT ‚ENTROPIA‘|url=https://shortsblog.berlinale.de/2019/02/01/an-interview-with-flora-anna-buda-about-entropia/|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=Berlinale Shorts|language=de-DE}}</ref> * ''Symbiosis'' (2019) - onye mmebe ndabere * ''Amụrụ na Auschwitz'' (2021) - animator * ''27'' (2023) - onye isi, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye ntụzi nka, onye nrụpụta ndabere, onye na-ese okirikiri, onye na-eme ihe nkiri <ref name=":2" /> == Nkwenye == Ụbọchị Ikpeazụ Buda Master's Entropia, aro Teddy Bear na 69th Berlinale na 2019 loo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Berlinale: Entropia won the Teddy Award|url=https://nfi.hu/en/national-film-institute/news/berlinale-entropia-won-the-teddy-award.html|accessdate=2023-12-28|work=NFI|language=EN}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|author=Team|first=Z. F.|date=2021-02-11|title=Flóra Anna Buda: Curation of Short Animation Film Really Matters Online (Indie Online 2020 Project)|url=https://www.zippyframes.com/interviews/flora-anna-buda-interview|accessdate=2023-12-28|work=Zippy Frames|language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=96TH OSCARS® SHORTLISTS IN 10 AWARD CATEGORIES ANNOUNCED|url=http://press.oscars.org/news/96th-oscarsr-shortlists-10-award-categories-announced|accessdate=2023-12-28|work=press.oscars.org|language=en}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ya 27 meri Palme d'Or na 2023 Cannes Film Festival [1] [2] na onyunyo Cristal na 2023 Annecy International Animation Film Festival .  [3] Na 2023, ihe nkiri nkiri ahụ na European Film Awards maka Best European Short Film, [4] wee depụta aha ya na 2024 César Awards .  [5] Na Disemba 21, 2023, 27 ka edekwara aha na 96th Academy Awards . == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|nm8087945|Flóra Anna Buda}} * [https://www.unifrance.org/annuaires/personne/445218/flora-anna-buda Flóra Anna Buda] at Unifrance. * [https://vimeo.com/floraannabuda Flóra Anna Buda] on Vimeo. {{DEFAULTSORT:Buda, Flora Anna}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jv34g5bvtz5nxe5n3au4cs3z4v42n1o 0 47025 692419 655373 2026-07-29T23:44:04Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort and databox 692419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Fatima Al-Zahra'a Shbair bụ onye ode nchekwa foto Palestine dabere na Gaza City, Palestine .  Ọmeri ihe nrite Prix de la Ville de Perpignan Rémi Ochlik site na Visa pour l'image na 2021 yana ihe nturu ugo World Press Photo na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Palestinian Children in Gaza {{!}} World Press Photo|url=https://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo-contest/2022/Fatima-Shbair/1|accessdate=2022-09-04|work=www.worldpressphoto.org}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == Shbair bụ onye na-ese foto nke njikọ onwe ya na Gaza na 1997. [1] [2] Ọ ọmụmụ akwụkwọ azụmahịa na Mahadum Al-Azhar .  Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya na ịdekọ ndị Palestine - Israel na Gaza City.  Ebipụtala ọrụ Shbair site na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ mba ụwa The New York Times, [3] The Guardian, [4] Le Figaro, [5] L'Express [6] na Le Temps . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-05-12|title=L'escalade continue entre l'armée israélienne et les branches armées du Hamas|language=fr|work=Le Temps|url=https://www.letemps.ch/monde/lescalade-continue-entre-larmee-israelienne-branches-armees-hamas|accessdate=2022-09-04}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == * 2017 Foto: Foto Documentary Grand Prix, ''National Geographic Moments'' <ref>{{Cite web|author=Zakaria|first=Sherouk|title=National Geographic Abu Dhabi winners announced|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/national-geographic-abu-dhabi-winners-announced|accessdate=2022-09-04|work=Khaleej Times|language=en}}</ref> * 2021 : Prix de la Ville de Perpignan Rémi Ochlik <ref>{{Cite web|title=Une vie assiégée|url=https://www.visapourlimage.com/festival/expositions/une-vie-assiegee|accessdate=2022-09-04|work=Visa pour l'image|language=fr|archivedate=2023-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602005209/https://www.visapourlimage.com/festival/expositions/une-vie-assiegee}}</ref> * 2021 : IWMF 2021 Anja Niedringhaus Obi Ike na Nrite Foto Journalism <ref>{{Cite web|title=11 days of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Fatima Shbair by Chris McGrath|url=https://visura.co/cmcgrath/stories/11-days-of-the-israeli-palesti|accessdate=2022-09-04|work=Visura|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Palestinian Journalist Fatima Shbair Receives IWMF 2021 Anja Niedringhaus Courage in Photojournalism Award - IWMF|url=https://www.iwmf.org/2021/09/palestinian-journalist-fatima-shbair-receives-iwmf-2021-anja-niedringhaus-courage-in-photojournalism-award/|accessdate=2022-09-04|work=www.iwmf.org|language=en}}</ref> * 2021 Foto 100 kacha elu nke TIME nke 2021 * 2022 : World Press Photo, Regional mmeri (Asia), Singles == Ihe ngosi otu == * National Geographic na Dubai 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Zakaria|first=Sherouk|title=National Geographic Abu Dhabi winners announced|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/national-geographic-abu-dhabi-winners-announced|accessdate=2022-09-04|work=Khaleej Times|language=en}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shbair, Fatima Al-Zahra'a}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fala3e09g9r6xa1l1stauxftgf6tyhm 0 47037 692605 538464 2026-07-30T11:35:24Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Flora Moore''' (amụrụ 1951) bụ onye omenkà America jikọtara ya na ndị otu quilters [[Quilts of Gee's Bend|Gee's Bend]] . <ref name="BeardsleyArnett2002">{{Cite book|author=John Beardsley|title=The Quilts of Gee's Bend|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTCWY6VrqHcC&pg=PA170|year=2002|publisher=Tinwood Books|isbn=978-0-9653766-4-8|pages=170–}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=Newsweek|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sf7jAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Newsweek}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/gees-bend-quilt-alabama/|title=Can You Copyright a Quilt?|first=Alexandra|author=Marvar|date=29 October 2018|publisher=|accessdate=22 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421014735/https://www.thenation.com/article/gees-bend-quilt-alabama/|archivedate=21 April 2019}}</ref> Ọrụ ya gụnyere na nchịkọta nke High Museum na National Gallery of Art . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.high.org/Press-Release/souls-grown-deep-acquisition-release/|title=High Museum of Art Receives 54 Artworks from Souls Grown Deep Foundation – High Museum of Art|accessdate=2019-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321200214/https://www.high.org/Press-Release/souls-grown-deep-acquisition-release/|archivedate=2019-03-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-28|title=National Gallery of Art Acquires Forty Works by African American Artists from Souls Grown Deep Foundation|url=https://www.nga.gov/press/acquisitions/2020/soulsgrowndeep.html|accessdate=2022-09-23|work=www.nga.gov}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Moore na Rehobeth, Alabama nye Isaac James na Creola Young. N'ịbụ onye tolitere, ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ iwepụta owu na ịga akwụkwọ. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ugbo ahụ "ruo mgbe [ya] toro nke ọma ịmara ihe ọ bụ, mgbe ahụ [ọ] achọghị ime nke ahụ ọzọ." <ref name=":0" /> Akụghasị akwụkwọ mmụta ya n'oge mwepu mgbe e mechiri ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Gee's Bend iji jikọta ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ Wilcox County . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/12/26/42-mile-bus-ride-leads-to-all-black-high-school/04e39639-4131-48a8-850d-dd222363b6f5/|title=42-Mile Bus Ride Leads to All-Black High School|date=1979-12-26|work=Washington Post|accessdate=2019-06-17|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ gụchara klas nke iri na otu. <ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ == Ọ na-arụ ọrụ yard maka nwa nwanne nna ya [[Estelle Witherspoon]], ogidi nke Gee's Bend's quilting community. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore|title=Flora Moore {{!}} Souls Grown Deep Foundation|work=www.soulsgrowndeep.org|accessdate=2019-06-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617165443/http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore|archivedate=2019-06-17}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore "Flora Moore | Souls Grown Deep Foundation"]. ''www.soulsgrowndeep.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190617165443/http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore Archived] from the original on 2019-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'ezie, ịhụ quilts na-ekokwasị na mbara igwe Witherspoon, ebe mgbakọ mbụ maka ndị na-agba chaa chaa tupu Freedom Quilting Bee mkpokọta amalite, bụ ihe kpaliri Moore ịmụta ịkwa akwa mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. <ref name=":0" /> Ọ malitere ịkwa akwa n'okpuru ntụziaka nke Witherspoon na nwanne mama ya [[Willie Abrams|bụ Ma Willie Abrams]] . N'agbanyeghị ndụmọdụ ha, Moore ka na-akọwa ọrụ ya na usoro ya dị ka ịgbaso compass nke ime ya. Ụdị akwụrụ n'efu, nke emelitere bụ akara ngosi nke ndị na-ese ihe Gee's Bend. Moore kọwara ụzọ ya na omume nka ya na N'ajụjụ ọnụ The Souls Grown Deep Foundation gbara ya:<blockquote>"Mgbe ụfọdụ, ị na-anọdụ ala na-eche na ị ga-etinye ya n'ụzọ dị otú a, dị ka mmetụta gị banyere ya si dị. Ị nwere ike ịma otú onye ọzọ si eme ya, ma ị na-agwa onwe gị, m ga-eme ya dị iche. Mgbe ị na-anọdụ ala., Ị maghị otú ọ ga-esi pụta, ị naghịkwa eche na ọ ga-esi na corduroy mee ihe ahụ ụkpụrụ gara." <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore|title=Flora Moore {{!}} Souls Grown Deep Foundation|work=www.soulsgrowndeep.org|accessdate=2019-06-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617165443/http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore|archivedate=2019-06-17}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore "Flora Moore | Souls Grown Deep Foundation"]. ''www.soulsgrowndeep.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190617165443/http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore Archived] from the original on 2019-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-17</span></span>.</cite></ref></blockquote>Moore na-ejikarị ihe ndị siri ike arụ ọrụ dị ka corduroy na uwe ndị e nyere n'agbụ a na-eme mkpọtụ . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore|title=Flora Moore {{!}} Souls Grown Deep Foundation|work=www.soulsgrowndeep.org|accessdate=2019-06-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617165443/http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore|archivedate=2019-06-17}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore "Flora Moore | Souls Grown Deep Foundation"]. ''www.soulsgrowndeep.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190617165443/http://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/flora-moore Archived] from the original on 2019-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> E gosipụtara ''Medallion'' Moore quilt na National Gallery of Art's pụrụ iche ngosi ''a na-akpọ Mepụta: Black Artists of the American South'', nke meghere na Septemba 18, 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Medallion|url=https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.222448.html#bibliography|accessdate=2022-09-23|work=www.nga.gov|date=31 May 1970}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-28|title=Major Acquisitions from Souls Grown Deep Foundation Presented in 2022 Exhibition|url=https://www.nga.gov/press/exhibitions/exhibitions-2022/5550.html|accessdate=2022-09-23|work=www.nga.gov}}</ref> == Ntụaka == tupu Freedom Quilting Bee mkpokọta amalite, bụ ihe kpaliri Moore ịmụta ịkwa akwa mgbe Willie Abrams . N'agbanyeghị ndụmọdụ {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moore, Flora}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mjosmvqge2sn21i6vo11jc5e84ezpmg 0 47082 692477 170748 2026-07-30T08:36:55Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox baseball biography|name=Charlotte Armstrong|image=|image_size=240px|caption=|team=[[All-American Girls Professional Baseball League]]|position=[[Pitcher]]|birth_date={{birth date|1924|6|17|mf=y}}|birth_place=[[Dallas]], [[Texas]]|death_date={{death date and age|2008|11|24|1924|6|17}}|death_place=[[Phoenix, Arizona]]|bats=Right|throws=Right|stat4label=[[Win–loss record (pitching)|Win–loss record]]|stat4value=39–37|stat5label=[[Earned run average]]|stat5value=&nbsp; 1.74|stat6label=[[Games pitched]]|stat6value=&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;87|teams=*[[South Bend Blue Sox]] ({{baseball year|1944}}–{{baseball year|1945}})|highlights=|hofcolor=|hoflink=|hoftype=|hofdate=}} Charlotte T. Armstrong (née Lubman; June 17, 1924 - Nọvemba 24, 2008) bụ onye ọkpọ ọkpọ nke gbara site na 1944 ruo 1945 na All-American Girls Professional Baseball League .  Edepụtara na 5 ft 7 na (1.70 m), 145 lb. , Armstrong gbara aka ma tụba aka nri .  E ji ahụmahụ ya Skipper Onye ọkpụkpọ bọọlụ siri ike, Armstrong bụ otu n'ime ndị mbido kacha elu na AAGPBL afọ abụọ tupu ọ wụba na asọmpi ọkachamara na-asọ mpi. == Ndụ mbido == Onye amaala Dallas, Texas, Armstrong bụ otu n'ime ụmụ anụmanụ akara na Wilhelm Lubman na Gladyse (née: Nicholson) Lubman.  Armstrong tolitere na Phoenix, na-egwu ike sandlot na ụmụ nwoke agbata obi ya mgbe ọ bụ obere nwa ekiri.  "Ha rapaara m n'ahụ, ịhụnanya na m ga-akụkọ aroba," ka o chetara.  Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, nnukwu onye egwuregwu obodo Hank Leiber mere enyi ya, onye ekpuchi ya ọkpọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thedeadballera.com/Obits/AAGPBL/Armstrong.Charlotte.Obit001.html|title=The Deadball Era|accessdate=2010-01-14|archivedate=2012-03-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324083706/http://www.thedeadballera.com/Obits/AAGPBL/Armstrong.Charlotte.Obit001.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ AAGPBL == N'oge egwu oge opupu ihe ubi ubi na awụ, AAGPBL ekenyela egwuregwu egwuregwu maka egwuregwu idowe nguzozi.  E kenyere ya na South Bend Blue Sox, Armstrong bịara mara dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mma overhand pitchers.  Ọ dị akụkọ nke ndị ọrụ ịgba egwu siri ike nke egwu Margaret Berger na Doris Barr . Na 1944, Armstrong biputere 21–15 yana 1.51 nkenke ọsọ, na oge na-esote ọ gara 18–22 jiri 1.96 ERA.  O mechiri Chicago Bluebirds nke National Girls' Baseball League, tupu ọ pụọ Phoenix, ebe ọ gara mkpagbu ihe nka na Phoenix wee gbaa softball ọzọ maka ndị Queens dị ka onye so na otu egwuregwu mba ha. Charlotte Armstrong nwụrụ na Phoenix, Arizona mgbe ọ dị afọ 84. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|2}}{{All-American Girls Professional Baseball League}} dq6um0h6mufo2kmb1ksp4dtbgqc9aqg 0 48107 692345 496269 2026-07-29T20:00:07Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Felton Perry''' (amuru Septemba 11, 1945) bu onye omekorita America lara ezumike nka. <ref name="NYT">{{Cite web|title=Felton Perry|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/56154/Felton-Perry/biography|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213182222/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/56154/Felton-Perry/biography|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Hal Erickson|authorlink=Hal Erickson (author)|date=2016|archivedate=February 13, 2016}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye ama ama maka ọrụ ya dị ka osote Obrah Eaker na ihe nkiri 1973 ''Walking Tall'', yana dịka Inspector Early Smith na ihe nkiri 1973 ''Magnum Force'', ihe nkiri nke abụọ na usoro ''Dirty Harry'' . <ref name="NYT2">{{Cite web|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Screen: 'Magnum Force':Police Story Is Sequel to 'Dirty Harry' The Cast|first=Nora|author=Sayre|date=December 26, 1973|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9803E4D71731E63BBC4E51DFB4678388669EDE}}</ref> Ọrụ Felton ọzọ ama ama bụ na 1987 akụkọ ifo sayensị ''RoboCop'' dị ka Donald Johnson, onye isi na ụlọ ọrụ Omni Consumer Products (OCP). Ọ kwughachiri ọrụ ya dị ka Johnson na usoro ''RoboCop 2'' (1990) na ''RoboCop 3'' (1993). Perry bụkwa onye na-ede egwuregwu ama ama maka egwuregwu dị ka ''Buy the Bi na Bye'' nke na 1976 ''akwụkwọ akụkọ Progress Bulletin'' kpọrọ "offbeat and hilarious black satire with a zinging performance from Ron Thompson ." <ref name="PB">{{Cite news|work=Progress Buelltin|title=Entertainment in the Valley|date=February 7, 1976|page=28|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/71730766/}}</ref> <ref name="LAT2">{{Cite news|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/173624038/|title='Buy The Bi And Buy' Gets A Bit Stale|author=Shirley, Don|date=June 20, 1986|page=133}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Onye otu ndụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Studio, <ref>{{Cite book|first=David|author=Garfield|title=A Player's Place: The Story of The Actors Studio|url=https://archive.org/details/playersplacestor00garf|year=1980|publisher=MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc.|location=New York|isbn=0-02-542650-8|chapter=Appendix: Life Members of The Actors Studio as of January 1980}}</ref> Felton gbara egwu na ihe nkiri telivishọn ''Hooperman'' dị ka onye nyocha Clarence McNeil. O meela ngosi ndị ọbịa na ọtụtụ usoro TV, gụnyere ''227'', ''Adam-12'', ''Ironside'', ''Hill Street Blues'', ''LA Law'', ''Cagney na Lacey'', ''Gịnị na-eme ugbu a !!'' , ''Mannix'', ''The Partridge Family'', ''Barnaby Jones'', ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air'', ''NYPD Blue'', ''Ikpe ikpe Amy'', ''Agha Obodo'', ''Murphy Brown'', ''Stingray'', ''Marcus Welby, MD ,'' ''Egwuregwu abalị'' na ''West Wing'' . === Ihe ngosi onyonyo ===   == Ntụaka == nke abụọ na usoro Dirty Harry . Ọrụ Felton ọzọ ama ama bụ na 1987 akụkọ ifo sayensị{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Perry, Felton}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o8hpr6gjrgckz98kderu9a41vi0qu40 0 48121 692595 656828 2026-07-30T11:26:04Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Floella Karen Yunies Benjamin, Baroness Benjamin''', OM , DBE , DL <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.floellabenjamin.com/about%20me/appointments.html|title=Floella Benjamin OBE: About Me|publisher=Floellabenjamin.com|accessdate=29 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106002831/http://www.floellabenjamin.com/about%20me/appointments.html|archivedate=6 January 2010}}</ref> (amụrụ 23 Septemba 1949 <ref name="marriage">GRO Register of Marriages: SEP 1980 14 0207 LAMBETH – Keith D. Taylor=Floella K.Y. Benjamin</ref> ) bụ onye omere Trinidadian-British, onye na-agụ abụ, onye ngosi, onye ode akwụkwọ na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. A maara ya dị ka onye na-eweta mmemme ụmụaka dị ka ''ụlọ akwụkwọ Play'', ''Play Away'', ''Jamboree'' na ''Ọsọ n'ihu'' . Na 28 June 2010, a kpọbatara Lady Benjamin na Ụlọ nke ndị nwe ụlọ dịka onye ọgbọ ndụ nke ndị Liberal Democrats họpụtara. Na 2024, e nyere ya onyinye nturu ugo BAFTA Fellowship maka ọrụ ya na telivishọn. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Floella Benjamin to receive BAFTA Fellowship at BAFTA TV Awards 2024|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/baroness-floella-benjamin-bafta-fellowship-tv-awards-newsupdate/|accessdate=24 April 2024|publisher=[[Radio Times]]}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Floella Benjamin na 23 Septemba 1949 na Pointe-à-Pierre, [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad na Tobago]], otu n'ime ụmụnne isii, ya na otu nwanne nwanyị tọrọ, ụmụnne atọ na nwanne nwanyị nke obere. <ref name="HG">[https://web.archive.org/web/20141113095854/http://historicalgeographies.blogspot.de/2011/09/biography-floella-benjamin.html Floella Benjamin profile], Historical Geographies; 3 September 2011; accessed 21 March 2014.</ref> Mgbe nna ya, "onye uwe ojii na onye egwu jazz nwere nkà", <ref name="HG"/> kpebiri ịkwaga Britain, nne ya mechara soro ya na nwanne Benjamin nke nta na nwanne nke ọdụdụ, a hapụrụ ụmụaka anọ ahụ tọrọ n'aka ndị enyi ezinụlọ. . Ndị na-elekọta Benjamin na nwanne ya nwaanyị na-akparị ha na nzuzo. Benjamin na nwanne ya nwanyị na-agbalịkarị idegara ndị mụrụ ha akwụkwọ ozi iji gwa ha banyere mmegbu ahụ, ma a na-agụkarị akwụkwọ ozi ndị ahụ ma na-enyocha ya tupu e ziga ha. Na 1960 ụmụaka gara isonyere nna ha na Beckenham, Kent. Floella Benjamin atụlewo ahụmahụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ o nwere mgbe ọ bịarutere Britain dị ka onye si mba ọzọ, dị ka ya na ndị agbata obi na n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.samiraahmed.co.uk/swinging-racism-floella-benjamins-memoir-of-60s-london/|title=Swinging racism: Floella Benjamin's memoir of 60s London|author=Ahmed|first=Samira|date=13 January 2011|publisher=samiraahmed.co.uk}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ iji rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ akụ, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ maka A-Level na ụlọ akwụkwọ abalị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A36869557|title=Floella Benjamin – Activist, Actress and Producer|work=[[h2g2]]|date=4 July 2008|accessdate=25 March 2014}}</ref> Mgbe o kwuchara okwu dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na egwu egwu West End, ọ malitere igosi mmemme telivishọn ụmụaka na 1976, ọkachasị ''Play School'' maka BBC. == Ntụrụndụ == Benjamin apụtala na ''ntutu'', ''Jesus Christ Superstar'', ''Black Mikado'' ''na Di-Nwoke'', yana ọtụtụ pantomimes . Na ihuenyo, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri egwu egwu 1975 ''Achọghị m ka a mụọ'' ya na ihe nkiri 1977 ''Black Joy'' . Ihe nzere onyonyo ya gụnyere ''ndị mmụọ ozi'', ''N'ime mgbidi ndị a'', ''Courtlọ ikpe okpueze'', ''The Gentle Touch'' na ''Dixon nke Dock Green'' . Ọ pụtara dị ka Juniper na ihe omume mbụ nke ''Bergerac'' (1981). Benjamin gụrụ akụkọ abụọ maka usoro akụkọ ''akụkọ akụkọ'' (1983 na 1984). Ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Floella Benjamin Productions Ltd, bụ onye mepụtara mmemme telivishọn kemgbe 1987 wee gbazee na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/03362123/filing-history?page=1|title=FLOELLA BENJAMIN PRODUCTIONS LIMITED – Filing history (free information from Companies House)|work=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ olu nke vidiyo ozi Council Standards Council "U" na "PG". Na 2006, ọ pụtara na ihe omume nke ''Line of Beauty'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Credits – Floella Benjamin|url=http://www.floellabenjamin.com/about-me/credits/|accessdate=2022-03-04|language=en-GB}}</ref> N'etiti 2007 na 2011, ọ ọbịa-kpakpando na ''Dọkịta onye'' spin-off ''The Sarah Jane Adventures'' dị ka Prọfesọ Rivers nke Pharos Institute na akụkọ ''The Lost Boy'', ''The Day of Clown'', ''The Eternity Trap'', na ''Eluigwe'' . Ọ kọkwara akwụkwọ akụkọ atọ "ime-nke" na ''Dọkịta Onye'' DVD ọkpọkọ setịpụrụ ''The Black Guardian Trilogy'' . <ref>[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/1097073 Floella Benjamin biography and credits], BFIScreenonline.org; accessed 21 March 2014.</ref> N'afọ 2007, ọ rụrụ obere ọrụ na ihe nkiri Britain ''Run Fatboy Run'' . == Sọpụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Statue_of_Floella.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Bust nke Benjamin na mpụga guild nke ụmụ akwụkwọ Mahadum Exeter . Onye na-ese ihe: Luke Shepherd]] A họpụtara Benjamin [[Order of the British Empire|onye ọrụ nke Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) na 2001 New Year Honors maka ọrụ mgbasa ozi. N'oge ahụ ọ bụ onye isi oche nke British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) . Ọ nwetakwara ihe nrite Pụrụ Iche Ndụ Achievement site na BAFTA. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Women of the Year Lunch <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenoftheyear.co.uk/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617062649/http://www.womenoftheyear.co.uk/the-board-council/nominating-council/|title=Women of the Year Lunch and Awards – Celebrating women since 1955|archivedate=17 June 2013|work=Women of the Year}}</ref> afọ ise na Kọmishọna Narị Afọ Iri . Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Elizabeth R Commonwealth Broadcasting Fund na gọvanọ nke National Film na Television School . Ọ bụ gọvanọ Dulwich College, ebe nne ya na-arụbu ọrụ na nwa ya nwoke gara. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/oct/01/floella-benjamin-my-famimly-values|title=Interview {{!}} Floella Benjamin: My family values|first=Juliet|author=Rix|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=1 October 2011}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Floella_benjamin.jpg|alt=Floella Benjamin|áká_èkpè|thumb|257x257px| Benjamin n'afọ 2009]] == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ |- | 1975 | ''Achọghị m ka a mụọ m'' | Nọọsụ 1st |- | 1977 | ''Oji ọṅụ'' | Miriam |- | 2004 | ''Akwụsị ika'' (mkpụmkpụ) | Ụlọ akwụkwọ Tannoy |- | 2007 | ''Nsụgharị'' | Onye ọrụ CIA |- | 2007 | ''Gbaa ọsọ Fatboy'' | Mama Libby |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |1974 |''Crown Court'' |Jenny Marsh |episode: "Victims of Prejudice: Part 1" |- |1974–1975 |''Within These Walls'' |Barbara |5 episodes |- |1975 |''Dixon of Dock Green'' |Mrs Dallas |episode: "Target" |- |1975–1979 |''Play for Today'' |Norma / Marie-Louise / Solicitor's clerk |3 episodes |- |1976–1988 |''Play School'' |Presenter | |- |1978 |''The Wild Bunch'' |Melody |episode: "Send in the Girls" |- |1978 |''Mixed Blessings'' |Karen |episode: "The Housewarming" |- |1978–1979 |''Angels'' |Marigold Glasspole / April Yallop |3 episodes |- |1979 |''Kids'' |Ella Buckley |episode: "Laurie" |- |1980 |''The Gentle Touch'' |Gloria |episode: Shock |- |1980s |''Playdays'' |Presenter | |- |1980s |''Fast Forward'' |Presenter | |- |1981 |''Maybury'' |Kayreen |episode: "Hugo & Colin" |- |1981 |''Bergerac'' |Juniper |episode: "Picking It Up" |- |1982 |''Strangers'' |Rosy Baker |episode: "With These Gloves You Can Pass Through Mirrors" |- |1984 |''Father's Day'' |TV Interviewer |episode: "Liberty, Equality, Paternity" |- |1986 |''Roland Rat: The Series'' |BBC 3 Announcer |Episode 1.11 |- |1990 |''Family Fortunes'' |Tiddles |Celebrity Christmas Special 2 |- |1994–1995 |''Hullabaloo'' |Presenter | |- |1998–2000 |''Jamboree'' |Presenter | |- |2000–2001 |''Fetch the Vet'' |Kara |TV show, Voice Role |- |2005 |''Coming to England'' |Teacher |TV movie |- |2006 |''Little Miss Jocelyn'' |Herself |TV show |- |2006 |''The Line of Beauty'' |Mrs Charles |TV Mini-Series |- |2007–2008 |''Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies'' |Mama Mirabelle |UK Voice |- |2007–2011 |''The Sarah Jane Adventures'' |Professor Rivers |5 episodes |- |2010–present |''Chuggington'' |Mayor Pullman |UK Voice |- |2013 |''CBeebies: A Christmas Carol'' |Party Guest |TV movie |- |2022 |''Countdown'' |Presenter |40th anniversary guest presenter |} == Ntụaka == mmegbu ahụ, ma a na-agụkarị akwụkwọ ozi ndị ahụ ma na-enyocha ya tupu e ziga ha. Na 1960 ụmụaka gara isonyere nna ha na Beckenham, Kent. Floella Benjaminya tupu e ziga ha. Na 1960 ụmụaka{{Reflist}} * Official website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180326002507/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba34329f7 Floella Benjamin] at the British Film Institute * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929175342/http://www.tv.com/floella-benjamin/person/139696/summary.html Floella Benjamin profile] Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, TV.Com; accessed 25 March 2014. * {{IMDb name|0071302}} {{s-start}} {{s-aca}} {{s-bef|before=[[Robert Alexander, Baron Alexander of Weedon|The Lord Alexander of Weedon]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of University of Exeter people#Chancellors|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Exeter]]|years=2006–2016}} {{s-aft|after=[[Paul Myners, Baron Myners|The Lord Myners]]}} {{s-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Benjamin, Floella}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 5ucntr5wh8kiljydtat0ze6d8bexydc 0 49190 692608 213117 2026-07-30T11:39:35Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Flora Samuel''' bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ [[British|Britain]], onye edemede na agụmakwụkwọ. Na 2009 ọ ghọrọ onye isi nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Architecture na Sheffield University, nwanyị mbụ na-ejide ọkwa ahụ. <ref name="AJ Feb 2010">Steve Parnell, [http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/daily-news/flora-samuel-im-not-sure-the-term-architect-really-describes-what-we-do-any-more/5214835.article ''Flora Samuel: "I'm not sure the term architect really describes what we do any more"''], The Architects' Journal, 26 February 2010. Retrieved 2020-01-25.</ref> Tupu nke a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ afọ iri na Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff . <ref name="AJ Feb 2010" /> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Cambridge . <ref name="AJ Feb 2010" /> Samuel ugbu a bụ Prọfesọ nke Architecture na gburugburu Wuru na Mahadum Ọgụgụ, bụ ebe o nyere aka guzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ na-eduzi ụlọ ọrụ na nso nso a na-ewu ụlọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=In conversation with ... Flora Samuel|url=https://archiparlour.org/in-conversation-with-flora-samuel/|author=Kinnaird|first=Byron|date=2018-11-01|work=Parlour|language=en-AU|accessdate=2020-05-13}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche mbụ nke RIBA maka nyocha na 2018. == Mbipụta == * "Le Corbusier: Architect and Feminist", Wiley-Academy, 2004,  <ref name="JDH Arch Fem">[https://archive.today/20130415130147/http://jdh.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/2/216.extract ''Le Corbusier: Architect and Feminist''], Journal of Design History, Vol. 18, Issue 2, Summer 2005.</ref> * "Le Corbusier na nkọwa", Architectural Press, 2007,  * "Le Corbusier and the Architectural Promenade", Birkhauser, 2010,  <ref name="THE Arch Prom">Simon Richards, [http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=415408 ''Le Corbusier and the Architectural Promenade''], Times Higher Education, 10 March 2011. Retrieved (online) 2012-03-03.</ref> * Flora Samuel, 2018, ''Ihe mere ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ji dị mkpa: Ngosipụta na ịkọwa uru nke ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ'' (London, Routledge) * Anne Dye na Flora Samuel, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20191021113209/http://www.ribabookshops.com/item/demystifying-architectural-research-adding-value-to-your-practice/83983/ Demystifying Architectural Research]'' (London: RIBA Enterprises, 2015) == Ntụaka == nwanyị mbụ na-ejide ọkwa ahụ. o nyere aka guzobe ụlo{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.arct.cam.ac.uk/staff/professor-flora-samuel Ibe profaịlụ na Mahadum Sheffield] * Byron Kinnaird na Susie Ashworth, " [https://archiparlour.org/in-conversation-with-flora-samuel/ Na Mkparịta ụka ... Flora Samuel] ," Parlour, 2 Nọvemba 2018. {{DEFAULTSORT:Samuel, Flora}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3uml07ozzu3vnq1gg2r6zu12ihw1u05 0 49354 692431 177843 2026-07-30T02:26:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692431 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A Church Entrance.jpg|thumb|Zonkwa]]{{Infobox settlement|official_name=Zonkwa|other_name=|native_name=Azunkwa|nickname=Zonk City|settlement_type=Town|motto=|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=|pushpin_map_caption=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Kaduna State]]|subdivision_type2=[[Local Government Area|LGA]]|subdivision_name2=[[Zangon Kataf]]|subdivision_type3=[[Chiefdom]]|subdivision_name3=Bajju|government_footnotes=|government_type=[[Elective Monarchy]]|leader_title=Agwam Bajju|leader_name=[[Nuhu Bature|Agwam Nuhu Bature Achi]]|established_title=|established_date=|area_magnitude=|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=|area_land_km2=|population_as_of=2006 Census|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=|population_density_km2=auto|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+01:00|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|09|47|N|08|17|E|region:NG|display=inline}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Zonkwa Map:Nigeria Google Satellite Maps|url=https://maplandia.com/Nigeria/kaduna/zangonka/zonkwa/|work=maplandia.com |access-date=June 14, 2018}}</ref>|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=798|postal_code_type=|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|blank_info=[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]|website=|footnotes=}} '''Zonkwa''' ( [[Jju language|Jju]] : A̱zunkwa) bụ ọchịchị obodo Zangon Kataf nakwa isi ụlọ ọrụ [[Ndị Bajju|Bajju]] Chiefdom, na ndịda [[Ȯra Kaduna|Kaduna steeti]] na mpaghara Middle Belt nke [[Naijiria]] . <ref name="MD">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2317630.html|title=Zonkwa, Zonkwa, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria|work=mindat.org|accessdate=August 7, 2020}}</ref> == Geography == === Okirikiri ala === Zonkwa nwere elu m dị narị asaa na iri iteghete na asatọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NI/00/Zonkwa.html|title=Zonkwa|work=Falling Grain|accessdate=January 21, 2021|archivedate=January 28, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128032409/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NI/00/Zonkwa.html}}</ref> === Ihu igwe === Zonkwa nwere nkezi okpomọkụ kwa afọ nke ihe dịka  Celsius Ciri abụo na anọ mara asatọ ( Celsius F iri asaa na isii mara isii), nkezi elu kwa afọ nke ihe dịka  Celsius C iri abụọ na asatọ mara isii (Celsius F iri asatọ na atọ mara ise) na obere ala Celsius C iri na asatọ mara asatọ ( Celsius F iri isii na ise mara asatọ), na-enwe mmiri ozuzo efu na njedebe na mmalite nke afọ yana nkezi mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ nke ihe dịka mm iri abụo na asatọ mara otu (otu in mara irí na otu), na nkezi iru mmiri nke pecenti iri ise nà atọ mara asaa, yiri nke obodo ndị gbara agbata obi Kagoro, [[Manchok]], nakwa Kafanchan . {{Weather box|location=Zonkwa (798m altitude)|metric first=yes|single line=yes|Jan record high C=31|Feb record high C=33|Mar record high C=34|Apr record high C=34|May record high C=31|Jun record high C=29|Jul record high C=26|Aug record high C=25|Sep record high C=27|Oct record high C=29|Nov record high C=30|Dec record high C=29|year record high C=29.8|Jan high C=29|Feb high C=32|Mar high C=34|Apr high C=33|May high C=30|Jun high C=27|Jul high C=24|Aug high C=22|Sep high C=24|Oct high C=28|Nov high C=29|Dec high C=31|year high C=28.6|Jan mean C=24|Feb mean C=26|Mar mean C=29|Apr mean C=29|May mean C=26|Jun mean C=24|Jul mean C=21|Aug mean C=20|Sep mean C=22|Oct mean C=25|Nov mean C=25|Dec mean C=26|year mean C=24.8|Jan low C=15|Feb low C=17|Mar low C=21|Apr low C=22|May low C=20|Jun low C=19|Jul low C=18|Aug low C=17|Sep low C=18|Oct low C=20|Nov low C=19|Dec low C=19|year low C=18.8|Jan record low C=14|Feb record low C=16|Mar record low C=20|Apr record low C=21|May record low C=21|Jun record low C=20|Jul record low C=19|Aug record low C=18|Sep record low C=19|Oct record low C=19|Nov record low C=18|Dec record low C=15|year record low C=18.3|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=0|Feb precipitation mm=1|Mar precipitation mm=3.1|Apr precipitation mm=13.5|May precipitation mm=35.5|Jun precipitation mm=54.2|Jul precipitation mm=71.2|Aug precipitation mm=69|Sep precipitation mm=60.3|Oct precipitation mm=29.3|Nov precipitation mm=0.1|Dec precipitation mm=0|year precipitation mm=28.1|Jan precipitation days=0|Feb precipitation days=1|Mar precipitation days=4|Apr precipitation days=12|May precipitation days=23|Jun precipitation days=28|Jul precipitation days=31|Aug precipitation days=30|Sep precipitation days=29|Oct precipitation days=18|Nov precipitation days=0|Dec precipitation days=0|year precipitation days=14.7|Jan humidity=24|Feb humidity=18|Mar humidity=28|Apr humidity=48|May humidity=66|Jun humidity=80|Jul humidity=88|Aug humidity=90|Sep humidity=86|Oct humidity=61|Nov humidity=32|Dec humidity=23|year humidity=53.7|source 1=World Weather Online<ref name=WWO> {{Cite web |url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/zonkwa-weather-averages/kaduna/ng.aspx |title=Zonkwa Monthly Climate Averages, Kaduna, NG |publisher=World Weather Online |access-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref>}} == Ọnụọgụ igwe mmadụ == === Ndị mmadụ === ==== Ụmụ amaala ==== Ụmụ amaala na ndị kacha n'obodo ahụ bụ [[ndị Bajju]] . Obodo a bụkwa isi ụlọ ọrụ ha. ==== Ndị ọzọ ==== Otu ndị ọzọ achọtara n'ọnụọgụgụ dị ukwuu gụnyere ndị Atyap, [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]], Bakulu, [[Ndi Haụsa|Hausa]], [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]], Anghan, na ndị Naijiria ndị ọzọ. === Ọchịchị === ==== Ngalaba nchịkwa ==== Zonkwa bụ ngalaba nchịkwa nke abụọ nwere obodo yana ime obodo iri ndị a: <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-9412195.html|title=Zonkwa, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria|work=Mindat.org|accessdate=May 15, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.streetmap.com.ng/zonkwa|title=Zonkwa, Street Map of Nigeria|work=Streetmap|accessdate=May 15, 2022}}</ref> * Zonkwa * Samaru Kataf ( [[Asụsụ Tyap|Tyap]] : Cenkwon ) * Madauci * Masat * Fadiya Yadsanu * Fadiya Mugu * Fadiya Busan * Fadiya Bakut * Fadan Kaje * Ungwan Gaya == Ndị ama ama == * [[Katung Aduwak]], onye na-ese ihe nkiri * Nuhu Bature, onye ọchịchị kacha mkpa == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta obodo dị na steeti Kaduna == Edemsibia == cb2n510dqyvk7dzw44916gsgt6pqk4t 0 49639 692449 179675 2026-07-30T05:35:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Transporter Room.jpg|thumb|Transporter Room.]] Teleportation bụ echiche nke okwu ma ọ bụ ike site n'otu ebe gaa na nke ọzọ na- ịgafe oghere anụ ahụ n'etiti ha.  Ọ bụ isiokwu a na-ahụ na akwụkwọ ntuziaka na n'ọdịbendị ọzọ a ma ama.  A na-azụ teleportation na njem oge, ebe ọ bụ na njem n'etiti isi ihe abụọ ahụ na-ewe oge na-egosi ama, mgbe ụfọdụ na-abụ ụzọ.  Mpempe akwụkwọ bụ ihe omume yiri nke a na-agụ na parapsychology na spiritism <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://parapsych.org/historical_terms.html|title=Historical Terms Glossary|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314213256/http://archived.parapsych.org/historical_terms.html|archivedate=2016-03-14|accessdate=2016-12-29}}</ref> <ref name="Melton">{{Cite book|author=Melton|first=J. Gordon|authorlink=J. Gordon Melton|title=The Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediareli00melt|date=2008|publisher=Visible Ink Press|location=Detroit|isbn=9781578592098|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediareli00melt/page/n25 12]–13}}</ref> Enweghị usoro anụ ahụ a ma nke ga-enye nhọrọ maka teleportation.  [1] akwụkwọ ọgbụgba na- ugboro ugboro ugboro na mgbasa ozi nwere okwu teleportation na-akọkarị na nke a na-akpọ " quantum teleportation " , weeynka maka ịfe ozi nke, n'ihi usoro iwu, ka ekwe ka ekwe  ngwa ọkụ ọkụ . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.popsci.com/quantum-teleportation-real|title=Quantum teleportation is real, but it's not what you think|work=Popular Science|date=19 February 2019|accessdate=20 December 2022}}</ref> == Etymology == Eji okwu teleport nsogbu nke ihe mmetụta n'etiti otu ebe na ebe ọzọ na- elele ike ịgafe anya dị n'etiti ha ka edepụtala n'oge dị ka 1878 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1878-10-23/ed-1/seq-4/ocr/|title=The Hawaiian gazette. (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865–1918, October 23, 1878, Image 4|work=loc.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65763678|title=29 Jun 1878 – The Latest Wonder|work=nla.gov.au|date=29 June 1878}}</ref> . A na-ekwu na onye edemede America bụ Charles Fort bụ onye chepụtara okwu teleportation na 1931 [1] [2] iji jide ihe na-eme n'anya na ndị nke anomalies, nke ọ bụ aro nwere ike iche.  Dị ka ọ dị na mbụ, ọ sonyeere telefix nke Greek prefix tele- (nke dị "remote") na ngosi nke ngwaa Latin (nke-ere "ibu").  [3] Ebe mbụ Fort ji okwu ahụ mee ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi mere n'isi nke abụọ nke akwụkwọ 1931 ya, Lo! <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mr. X|url=http://www.resologist.net/lo102.htm|title=Lo!: A Hypertext Edition of Charles Hoy Fort's Book|publisher=Resologist.net|accessdate=20 March 2014}}</ref>   == Ntụaka omenala == === Akụkọ ifo === Teleportation bụ isiokwu a na-akụkọ na akwụkwọ ozi, ihe nkiri, egwuregwu vidio, na ike.  Ojiji nke ihe na-ekesa ihe na ndị na-eme nchọpụta ifo mgbaàmà opekata mpe na mbụ afụ nke 19. [1] Ihe atụ mbụ nke teleportation mgbaàmà (na-- teleportation nke ihe na-egosi ma ọ bụ ime ime) dị na akwụkwọ 1897 To Venus na  Sekọnd ise nke Fred T. Jane .  A na-ebuga onye na-eme ihe nkiri Jane site na gazebo nke nwere igwe dị iche na ụwa gaa na mbara ala Venus - ya mere aha ya. Akụkọ izizi aha “onye na- mada okwu” bụ Edward Page Mitchell's "The Man Without a Body" na 1877 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/teleportation.html|title=Teleportation in early science fiction|publisher=The Worlds of David Darling|accessdate=4 February 2014}}</ref> Onye na-eme Saint Padre Pio edepụta ọrụ ebube nke Bilocation ekiri nke Pope John Paul II.  A kọwokwa ihe omume a n’opo ihe mere eme nile nke ụka dị ka n’ime Testament Ọhụrụ ya na ikpughe bụ ebe e bugara ya n’elu ugwu wee nwaa ya site n’aka Setan . == Mgbasa ozi nke Quantum == Quantum teleportation dị iche na teleportation mgbe niile, n'ihi na ọ naghị ebufe okwu site n'otu ebe gaa na nke ọzọ, kama ọ na-ebufe ozi dị mkpa iji ụzọ ( microscopic ) lekwasịrị anya n'otu ọnọdụ quantum dị ka  isi akụkụ.  Akpọrọ aha ahụ ahụ quantum “teleportation”, n'ihi na a na-enwetaghachi ụfọdụ ụfọdụ nke sistemu isi n'ime amụma na-achọ ihe ọ banyere doro anya na-ebu ozi ọnụọgụ na-agbasa n'etiti ha abụọ. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, dị ka okwu na ọnụ ụlọ ụlọ, kpọmkwem ọnọdụ quantum nke usoro mkpa maka nzube ọ blọlụ (n'ihi na ọ na- agbanwe ngwa na agbanyeghị, ọ " decoheres "), na ozi dị mkpa iji  me usoro ahụ bụ oge gboo.  N'ịbụ ndị nke ahụ, ike iji dị mfe nke ozi oge gboo mgbaàmà quantum teleportation, dị ka nzi ozi redio. N'afọ 1993, Bennett ''et al'' <ref>C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, W. K. Wootters (1993), Teleporting an Unknown Quantum State via Dual Classical and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895–1899.</ref> tụrụ aro na enwere ike ibufe ọnọdụ quantum nke urughuru gaa na ihe ọzọ dị anya, na-enweghị ibugharị akụkụ abụọ ahụ ma ọlị. A na-akpọ nke a quantum state teleportation. Enwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nyocha na nnwale ebipụtara. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bouwmeester|first=D.|year=1997|title=Experimental quantum teleportation|journal=Nature|volume=390|issue=6660|pages=575–579|doi=10.1038/37539}}</ref> <ref name="Werner2001">{{Cite journal|title=All teleportation and dense coding schemes|author=Werner|first=Reinhard F.|date=2001|journal=J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.|volume=34|pages=7081–7094|doi=10.1088/0305-4470/34/35/332}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ren|first=Ji-Gang|year=2017|title=Ground-to-satellite quantum teleportation|journal=Nature|volume=549|issue=7670|pages=70–73|doi=10.1038/nature23675|pmid=28825708}}</ref> Ndị nchọpụta kwenyere na quantum teleportation bụ ntọala nke ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ na nkwurịta okwu quantum. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> N'afọ 2008, M. Hotta ozi aro na ọ ga-ekwe omume ị na ike telifon site n'iji ike ike ume ike na-emekọ ihe nke oghere oghere nke akwụkwọ quantum.  [1] N'afọ 2023, Kazuki Ikeda ma dekọọ ikuku, quantum ume teleportation maka oge mbụ ụmụaka anya dị anya site na iji kọmpụta IBM superconducting nke a na-eji maka ya quantum <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ikeda|first=Kazuki|date=2023|title=Demonstration of Quantum Energy Teleportation on Superconducting Quantum Hardware|journal=Physical Review Applied|issue=2|doi=10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.024051}}</ref> Na 2014, onye ndị agha Ronald Hanson na ndị ọrụ ibe si Technical University Delft na Netherlands, akwụkwọ teleportation nke ozi n'etiti quantumbits abụọ ọnụ na mita atọ.. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.delta.tudelft.nl/article/hansonlab-demonstrates-quantum-teleportation-0|title=Hansonlab demonstrates quantum teleportation|accessdate=2024-07-14|archivedate=2020-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605061055/https://www.delta.tudelft.nl/article/hansonlab-demonstrates-quantum-teleportation-0}}</ref> Na 2016, Y. Wei Track na n'ozuzu nke quantum mechanics, ahụ n'onwe ha nwere ike na-esi n'otu ebe gaa n'ebe ọzọ.  [1] Nke a ka a na-akpọ teleportation.  Site na echiche a, mmetụta ike ile superconductivity dị ka teleportation nke ụfọdụ electrons na superconductor na superfluidity dị ka teleportation nke ụfọdụ n'ime atom ndị dị na cellular tube.  Atụghị mmetụta na ọdịiche a ga-eme n'usoro nhazi quantum ọkọlọtọ. == Nkà ihe ọmụma == Ọkà ihe Derek Parfit ji teleportation mee ihe n'ime ihe nhụsianya nke teletransportation ya.. == Hụkwa ==   == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == {{Commons category|Teleportation}} * {{Cite book|author=David Darling|authorlink=David J. Darling|year=2005|title=Teleportation: The Impossible Leap|url=https://archive.org/details/teleportationimp00darl|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-71545-0}} * Lawrence M. Krauss (1995), ''The Physics of Star Trek'', Basic Books,   * Eric W. Davis (2004), ''Teleportation Physics Study'', Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL-PR-ED-TR-2003-0034 * {{Cite book|author=Bernd Thaller|title=Advanced Visual Quantum Mechanics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iq1Gi6hmTRAC&pg=PA170|year=2005|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-27127-9}} * [http://discovermagazine.com/2014/julyaug/20-the-ups-and-downs-of-teleportation Will Human Teleportation Ever Be Possible?] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151016083811/http://io9.com/human-teleportation-is-far-more-impractical-than-we-tho-988408753 Human teleportation is far more impractical than we thought] * Y. Wei (2016), How to teleport a particle rather than a state Phys Rev E 93. 066103 4a1y5n11mwzfe0p8qiw1botm6jh1itw 0 49687 692604 516192 2026-07-30T11:34:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692604 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[File:Organic-vegetable-cultivation.jpeg|thumb|Ọrụ ugbo na-emepụta ihe]] '''ọrụ ugbo''' organic, nke a makwaara dị ka '''Ọrụ ugbo gburugburu ebe obibi''' ma ọ bụ ọrụ ugbo ndụ <ref name="eu_organic_labelling">Labelling, article 30 of [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R0848-20220101#tocId97 ''Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2024 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007.'']</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biocyclopedia.com/index/medicinal_plants/cultivation/organic_agriculture_system.php|title=History of Organic Farming|work=biocyclopedia.com|accessdate=21 March 2023|quote=Various types and methods of organic agriculture have been developed in the Northern Hemisphere, such as the biological-organic and biodynamic method}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/legacy/afsic/sustainable-agriculture-definitions-and-terms-related-terms#term7|title=Biological Farming/Ecological Farming|publisher=USDA National Agricultural Library|accessdate=21 March 2023|quote=the term biological often refers to organic farming, whereas the term ecological refers to organic plus environmental considerations such as on-farm wildlife management|archivedate=1 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101124633/https://www.nal.usda.gov/legacy/afsic/sustainable-agriculture-definitions-and-terms-related-terms#term7}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://glossary.wein.plus/organic-farming|title=Organic farming|work=Lexicon Wein‑Plus|accessdate=21 March 2023|quote=A form of production (also organic farming, ecological farming, ecological-biological farming, ecological agriculture, alternative agriculture) for the production of food and other agricultural products}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/00-076.pdf|title=Clean & Organic Agricultural Products|work=RIRDC|date=Oct 2000|accessdate=21 March 2023|quote=Biological farming and ‘bio’ products are terms often used in European countries as equivalent to organic farming. [...] Ecological farming and ‘eco’ products are terms also used in European countries as equivalent to organic farming.|archivedate=20 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020120911/https://www.agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/00-076.pdf}}</ref> bụ usoro ọrụ ugbo nke n'eji fatịlaịza sitere na ihe ndị dị ka nsị, nsị akwụkwọ ndụ, na [[nri ọkpụkpụ]] ma n'ekwusi ike na usoro dị ka ntụgharị ihe ọkụkụ na ịkụ osisi. Ọ malitere na mbido narị afọ nke 20 na mmeghachị omume n'agbanwe ngwa ngwa n'ọrụ ugbo. Ọrụ ụgbo a kwadoro maka nde hekta 70 (170 n'ụwa niile, ihe karịrị ọkara nke ngụkọta ahụ na mba [[Ostraliya|Australia]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/39718306|title=Organic Agriculture in Australia: Attaining the Global Majority (51%)|first=John|author=Paull|journal=Journal of Environment Protection and Sustainable Development|date=2019}}</ref> A na-agba ume ịchịkwa ihe ndị na-egbu egbu, ịkọ ugbo agwakọta, na ịzụlite anụ ndị n'eri ụmụ ahụhụ. A ụkpụrụ ndịsitere n'okike iji kwe ka ojiji nke ihe ndị na-eme n'okpukpe mgbe ọ na-amachibido ma ọ bụ na-egbochi ihe ndị e mepụtara emepụta.<ref>{{Cite web|author=McEvoy|first=Miles|date=27 October 2020|url=https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2020/10/27/organic-101-allowed-and-prohibited-substances|title=Organic 101: Allowed and Prohibited Substances|work=[[USDA]]|accessdate=30 September 2023|archivedate=3 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903150238/https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2020/10/27/organic-101-allowed-and-prohibited-substances}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ekwe ka ọgwụ ahụhụ n'eme n'okike dịka pyrethrin, ebe a na ekwe fatịlaịza na ọgwụ ahụhụ. Ihe ndị a na-ekwe ka ha gụnyere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọla kọpa sulfate, elemental sulfur, na ọgwụ anụmanụ. Ihe ndị a gbanwere site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nanomaterials, nsị mmadụ, ndị na-achịkwa uto osisi, [[Hormone|homonụ]], na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ịkpa anụ ụlọ nke amachibidoro. <ref>Paull, John (2011) [http://orgprints.org/19528/1/Paull2011NanoISOFAR.pdf "Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: The big issue of small matter for organic food and farming"], Proceedings of the Third Scientific Conference of ISOFAR (International Society of Organic Agriculture Research), 28 September – 1 October, Namyangju, Korea., 2:96-99</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&SID=9874504b6f1025eb0e6b67cadf9d3b40&rgn=div6&view=text&node=7:3.1.1.9.32.7&idno=7|title=USDA List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances in Organic Agriculture|date=4 April 2016|work=USDA List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances in Organic Agriculture|publisher=USDA|accessdate=6 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228150948/http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&SID=9874504b6f1025eb0e6b67cadf9d3b40&rgn=div6&view=text&node=7:3.1.1.9.32.7&idno=7|archivedate=28 December 2015}}</ref> Ndị na-akwado ọrụ ugbo na-ekwu na ha nwere uru na nkwado, mmeghe, afọ ojuju onwe onye, [[Nnwere Onwe|nnwere onwe]] na nnwere onwe, [[Health|ahụike]], nchekwa nri, na ndozi nri. bhunb8ie455bfwlniaigqydsn8pxgbx 0 50281 692350 180744 2026-07-29T20:18:02Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al-Qutayfah (distrito) 2001 05.jpg|thumb|Al-Ruhaybah]]{{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Al-Ruhaybah|other_name=Al-Ruhaibah|native_name=الرحيبة <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->|motto=<!-- images and maps 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conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2004 census|population_footnotes=<ref name="CBS">|population_note=|population_total=30450|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]|utc_offset=+2|timezone_DST=[[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]|utc_offset_DST=+3|coordinates={{coord|33|44|36.9|N|36|42|04.2|E|region:SY|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=|blank_info=|blank1_name=|blank1_info=|website=|footnotes=}}'''Al-Ruhaybah''' ma ọ bụ '''Al-Ruhaiba''' ( Arabic ) bụ obodo Siria na mpaghara Al-Qutayfah nke Rif Dimashq Governorate . Dabere na Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ar-Ruhaybah nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 30,450 na ngụkọ 2004. Ndị bi na ya bụ ndị Alakụba Sunni kacha . <ref>[[Eli Smith|Smith]], in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/173/mode/1up 173]</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==   d0q4bp1jiyp1gcfbs5zztaqpujbdpr9 0 50442 692100 538756 2026-07-29T17:24:57Z King ChristLike 13051 added {{DEFAULTSORT}} and {{databox}} 692100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Khalfa, otu n'ime ụmụaka asatọ na Lyon na ndị si mba Algeria kwabatara. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Farida Khelfa|url=http://madame.lefigaro.fr/personnalite/farida-khelfa|archivedate=7 January 2022|work=[[Madame Figaro]]|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107171016/https://madame.lefigaro.fr/personnalite/farida-khelfa}}</ref> Ọ gbapụrụ n'ezinaụlọ ya ndị Alakụba siri ike mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, sonyere nwanne ya nwanyị na Paris. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Walker|first=Harriet|title=Farida Khelfa: The teen runaway who swapped Islam for Schiaparelli|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/farida-khelfa-the-teen-runaway-who-swapped-islam-for-schiaparelli-6vxq2hmgr9k|accessdate=19 May 2019|work=[[The Times]]}}</ref> N'ebe ahụ, ọ bụ enyi Christian Louboutin, bụ onye nyere ya ebe ọ ga-anọ. <ref name="vogue">{{Cite web|author=Ghanem|first=Khaoula|title=Five Things You Probably Didn't Know About Farida Khelfa|url=https://en.vogue.me/fashion/five-facts-about-farida-khelfa/|accessdate=19 May 2019|work=[[Vogue Arabia]]|date=3 January 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGhanem2017">Ghanem, Khaoula (3 January 2017). [https://en.vogue.me/fashion/five-facts-about-farida-khelfa/ "Five Things You Probably Didn't Know About Farida Khelfa"]. ''[[Vogue Arabia]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'otu ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, onye na-ese foto Jean-Paul Goude chọtara Khelfa. Goude bụ onye mbụ jiri Khelfa mee ihe dị ka ihe nlereanya ma mesịa gosi ya onye mmebe [[Azzedine Alaïa]] . <ref name="vogue">{{Cite web|author=Ghanem|first=Khaoula|title=Five Things You Probably Didn't Know About Farida Khelfa|url=https://en.vogue.me/fashion/five-facts-about-farida-khelfa/|accessdate=19 May 2019|work=[[Vogue Arabia]]|date=3 January 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGhanem2017">Ghanem, Khaoula (3 January 2017). [https://en.vogue.me/fashion/five-facts-about-farida-khelfa/ "Five Things You Probably Didn't Know About Farida Khelfa"]. ''[[Vogue Arabia]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Na 2013, a họpụtara Khelfa ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya ika maka Schiaparelli . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Volandes|first=Stellene|title=Madame Ambassador|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/g439/farida-khelfa-schiaparelli/?slide=1|accessdate=19 May 2019|work=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]]|date=18 November 2013}}</ref> Khelfa kewara na ika na 2017 na-ekwu na ọ chọrọ oge iji lekwasị anya na ọrụ nke ya gụnyere ime ihe nkiri. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Glendinning|first=Maddison|title=Farida Khelfa Is Parting Ways With Schiaparelli|url=https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/fashion/the-news/farida-khelfa-is-parting-ways-with-schiaparelli|accessdate=19 May 2019|work=[[Harper's Bazaar Arabia]]}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, Khhelfa gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ika ahụ, nke pụtara ìhè na Schiaparelli spring/summer 2020 Haute Couture runway na 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Midwood|first=Milli|title=After Abruptly Leaving Two Years Ago, Has Farida Khelfa Been Reappointed As Brand Ambassador For Schiaparelli?|url=https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/fashion/runway/has-farida-khelfa-been-reappointed-as-brand-ambassador-for-schiaparelli|accessdate=19 May 2019|work=[[Harper's Bazaar Arabia]]}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Na 20 Khhelfa so na onye na-ese foto Jean-Paul Goude nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya. <ref name="vogue"/> Khhelfa lụrụ Henri Seydoux na 2012. Di na nwunye ahụ ebikọwo kemgbe 1989 ma mụtaworị ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Ismaël Seydoux na Omer Seydux, n'oge alụmdi na nwunye ha. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Farida Khelfa : Retour sur un magnifique mariage aux côtés de Carla Bruni|url=http://www.purepeople.com/article/farida-khelfa-retour-sur-un-magnifique-mariage-aux-cotes-de-carla-bruni_a106691/1|accessdate=4 July 2022|work=Purepeople|language=fr}}</ref> Site n'alụmdi na nwunye ya Khelfa bụ nne nne nke stylist Camille Seydoux na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Léa Seydoux, ụmụ di ya site na alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya na Valérie Schlumberger. Khhelfa bụ enyi nke onye bụbu ihe nlereanya Carla Bruni ma bụrụ onye akaebe na agbamakwụkwọ 2008 ya na onye isi ala France Nicolas Sarkozy . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Sciolino|first=Elaine|title=French Leader and Ex-Model Wed in Quiet Ceremony|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/03/world/europe/03sarkozy.html|accessdate=19 May 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=3 February 2008}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Khelfa, Farida}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:1960 births]] cykb13zszucdf18w4hvfl0z50ntoww1 0 50492 692410 577724 2026-07-29T23:26:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692410 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[File:Evgeny Shilovsky.jpg|thumb|Yevgeny Shilovskiy]] '''Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Shilovsky''' (Russian: Евгений Александрович Шиловский; 2 Disemba 1889 - 27 Mee 1952) bụ onye Russia na Soviet lieutenant-General na onye nkuzi agha. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Yevgeny Shilovskiy na ezinụlọ buru ibu na ogbenye nke onye nwe obodo nketa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Шиловский Евгений Александрович|url=https://person.lib48.ru/shilovskij-evgenij-aleksandrovich|accessdate=2024-07-28|work=person.lib48.ru|archivedate=2024-07-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728231907/https://person.lib48.ru/shilovskij-evgenij-aleksandrovich}}</ref> Na 1901, hs banyere cadet corps na Orel, otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ kwagara na nke abụọ Moscow Cadet Corps nke ọ gara nke ọma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1907, na mgbe ahụ na Konstantinovskoye Artillery School na 1910, na nke ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ dị ka onye nke abụọ lieutenant. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Русская армия в Великой войне: Картотека проекта. Шиловский Евгений Александрович|url=http://www.grwar.ru/persons/person/1538|accessdate=2024-07-28|work=www.grwar.ru}}</ref> Site na October 1928, Shilovskiy bụ onyeisi ndị ọrụ nke Moscow Military District . Site na February 1931, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Zhukovsky Red Army Air Force Academy, ebe ọ bụ onye isi nke ngalaba ọrụ nka, onye isi ngalaba ọrụ, na onye isi ndị ọrụ nke agụmakwụkwọ. Site na December 1936, Shilovsky bụ onye isi nkuzi, na site na May 1940, onye isi nke ngalaba ọrụ nka nke Red Army General Staff Academy. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2012-10-27|title=Шиловский Евгений Александрович|url=http://pskovgrad.ru/war/pervaya-mirovaya-vojna/30722-shilovskiy-evgeniy-aleksandrovich.html|accessdate=2024-07-28|work=История Пскова и Псковской области|archivedate=2024-07-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728231910/http://pskovgrad.ru/war/pervaya-mirovaya-vojna/30722-shilovskiy-evgeniy-aleksandrovich.html}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''История Пскова и Псковской области''. 2012-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'August 3, 1941, a họpụtara Lieutenant-General Shilovskiy ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke General Staff Academy . A gwara ya ka ọ pụọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ mmuta ahụ site na Moscow gaa Ufa ma gbanwee usoro mmụta ngwa ngwa. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ Shilovsky nyere aka dị ịrịba ama na mmepe nke tiori nke ọrụ miri emi . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-28|title=Передовая "фабрика" военной мысли России: прошлое, настоящее, будущее - Военная мысль Военно-теоретический журнал|url=http://vm.ric.mil.ru/Stati/item/117168/|accessdate=2024-07-28|work=web.archive.org|archivedate=2021-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428103426/http://vm.ric.mil.ru/Stati/item/117168/}}</ref> Site n'August 1942 ruo ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, ọ bụ onye isi nke ngalaba akụkọ ihe mere eme ndị agha nke ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ a. <ref name=":1"/> Ọ banyere na Communist Party na 1943. Yevgeny Shilovskiy nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa strok n'ụlọ ọrụ ya na May 27, 1952. E liri ya na Novodevichy Cemetery na Moscow. === Alaeze Ukwu Russia === * Order nke St. Anna, 4th ogo * Order nke St. Stanislaus, 3rd degrees, na mma agha na ụta * Mma agha St. George * Order nke St. Vladimir, 4th ogo na mma agha na ụta * Order nke St. Anna, klaasị nke atọ, ji mma agha na ụta * Order nke St. Stanislaus 2nd ogo na mma agha * Kachasị Mma * Order nke St. George, 4th degrees === Soviet Union === * Order nke Lenin * 4 Iwu nke ọkọlọtọ uhie * Order nke Suvorov, 2nd ogo * Order nke Red Star == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} 83p9dpzp0e4c7aulyxtj75h0br93ily 0 50627 692455 515208 2026-07-30T06:43:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692455 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:First_Lamb_2008_suckles.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Nwa atụrụ a zụlitere n'ụzọ dị iche iche na-amị nwa atụrụ ya, nke bụ nke mbụ n'afọ 2008 n'ugbo dị na Coventry, England]] Atụrụ ime ụlọ na-amụba mmekọahụ dị ka anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, usoro ọmụmụ ha dịkwa ka anụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ. A na-ejikarị otu ebule na-azụ ìgwè atụrụ, bụ́ nke onye ọrụ ugbo họpụtara ma ọ bụ nwee ike na-achị site n'ịsọ mpi anụ ahụ ya na ebule ndị ọzọ (n'ime ndị mmadụ).[1] Ọtụtụ atụrụ na-enwe oge ọmụmụ (tupping) n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ na-enwe ike ịmụba kwa afọ.<ref name="living">{{Cite book|title=Living with Sheep: Everything You Need to Know to Raise Your Own Flock|author=Wooster|first=Chuck|others=Geoff Hansen (Photography)|year=2005|publisher=The Lyons Press|location=Guilford, Connecticut|isbn=978-1-59228-531-0}}</ref> N'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi mmetụta ụmụ mmadụ na-enwe n'ịzụ atụrụ, nne atụrụ na-amịkarị ọtụtụ atụrụ. Mmụba a nke ọmụmụ nwa atụrụ, ma n'ọnụọgụgụ ma ibu ọmụmụ, nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu n'oge ọmụmụ na ndụ atụrụ, na-achọ enyemaka nke ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ. == Àgwà Mmekọahụ == Ụmụ atụrụ na-enwekarị ntozu oke mmekọahụ mgbe ha dị ọnwa isii ruo asatọ, na ebule n'ozuzu ha mgbe ha dị afọ anọ ruo isii (a maara ebule mgbe ụfọdụ ka ha na-etinye ime nne ha mgbe ha nọ ọnwa abụọ). <ref name="living"/> Atụrụ bụ anụmanụ polyoestrus n'oge.<ref>{{Cite book|title=New Techniques in Sheep Production|author=Marai|first=Ibrahim Fayez Mahmoud|publisher=Butterworths|year=1987|isbn=978-0-408-10134-9|pages=222}}</ref> Anụmanụ na-abanye n'usoro Oestrus ihe dị ka ụbọchị 17 ọ bụla, nke na-adịru ihe dị ka awa 30.<ref name="living" /> Na mgbakwunye na ịpụta ísì, ha na-egosi njikere site na ngosipụta anụ ahụ maka ebule. Ihe omume nke [[freemartin]], ehi nwanyị nke na-eme omume nwoke ma na-enweghị ovaries na-arụ ọrụ, na-ejikọkarị ya na ehi, mana ọ na-eme ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ na atụrụ. Ihe atụ nke freemartins n'ime atụrụ nwere ike ịbawanye na ịrị elu nke ejima (freemartins bụ nsonaazụ nke njikọta ejima nwoke na nwanyị). <ref name="freemartin" /> Mmeghachi omume Flehmen na-egosipụta site na ebule mgbe ha na-esi ísì mamịrị nke nne atụrụ na oestrous. Akụkụ vomeronasal nwere ndị na-anabata ihe nke na-achọpụta oestrogens na mamịrị nne.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Behaviour of Sheep|author=Lynch|first=J.J.|publisher=CSIRO Publications|year=1992|isbn=978-0643053298|location=Victoria|pages=105}}</ref> Nwa atụrụ ahụ na-egosipụta nke a site n'ịgbatị olu ya ma na-agbanye egbugbere ọnụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.animalbehaviour.net/for-kids/farm-animals/sheep/|title=SHEEP {{!}} Animal Behaviour|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-28|archivedate=2019-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328234940/http://www.animalbehaviour.net/for-kids/farm-animals/sheep/}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Courting,_Bighorn_Sheep_Style_(22623154384).jpg|thumb|Nwa atụrụ na-egbuke egbuke na-egosipụta nzaghachi Flehmen]] === Ịgba ígwè === Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ etinyeghị aka, ebule nwere ike na-alụ ọgụ n'oge ọgba aghara iji mara ndị ha na nne atụrụ ga-alụ. Egbo, karịsịa ndị na-amaghị, ga-alụkwa ọgụ n'èzí oge ọmụmụ iji guzobe ọchịchị; ebulu nwere ike igbu ibe ha ma ọ bụrụ na a hapụ ha ka ọ gwakọta ha ọnụ.[1] N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ọbụna ebule ndị na-eme enyi nwere ike na-akpasu ụmụ mmadụ iwe, karịsịa ndị inyom meworo agadi, n'ihi mmụba nke ọkwa hormone ha.<ref name="storey">{{Cite book|title=Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep|author=Simmons|first=Paula|year=2001|publisher=Storey Publishing LLC|location=North Adams, MA|isbn=978-1-58017-262-2}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Pregnant_ewe_on_Tortola.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Nwa agbọghọ dị ime St Cross]] N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-ekpuchi anya mgbe ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ kpochie ebule ndị na-eme ihe ike.[7] Taa, ndị na-edobe ebule na-ahọrọ usoro mgbochi dị nro karị, dị ka ịkwaga n'ahịrị doro anya gaa n'ụzọ ọpụpụ, na-atụgharị azụ azụ n'ebulu, na ikekwe ịsacha mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe ngwọta nke ịcha ọcha ma ọ bụ mmanya gbazere iji gbochie ebubo. <ref name="living"/> <ref name="hobby">{{Cite book|title=Sheep: small-scale sheep keeping for pleasure and profit|author=Weaver|first=Sue|year=2005|publisher=Hobby Farm Press, an imprint of BowTie Press, a division of BowTie Inc.|location=3 Burroughs Irvine, CA 92618|isbn=978-1-931993-49-4}}</ref> == Ime ime == Na-enweghị ultrasound ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche, ikpebi ma atụrụ dị ime siri ike. <ref name="living"/> <ref name="begin">{{Cite book|title=Beginning Shepherd's Manual, Second Edition|author=Smith M.S.|first=Barbara|year=1997|publisher=Iowa State University Press|location=Ames, Iowa|isbn=978-0-8138-2799-5}}</ref> Nwa atụrụ na-amalite igosi afọ ime ihe dị ka izu isii tupu ha amụọ nwa, ya mere ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na-adabere na echiche na ebule ga-etinye ime ụmụ atụrụ niile n'ìgwè atụrụ.<ref name="living" /> Otú ọ dị, site na itinye ebule na eriri obi a na-akpọ eriri ''akara aka'' na-ejide pensụl pụrụ iche (ma ọ bụ raddle, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-asụ redle), a na-eji agba akara atụrụ ndị a na-etinye. A pụkwara itinye ya n'ime brik nke ebule. A naghị eji usoro a eme ihe n'ìgwè atụrụ ebe ajị anụ dị mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na ụcha nke raddle na-emetọ ya.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2010)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Enwere ike ịgbanwe crayon dị na akara akara n'oge usoro ọmụmụ iji nye ohere maka amụma ụbọchị nwa atụrụ maka nne ọ bụla.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premier1supplies.com/sheep-guide/2012/10/breeding-tools-for-better-management/|title=Breeding tools for better management –|work=www.premier1supplies.com|date=10 October 2012|accessdate=2019-04-01}}</ref> Mgbe ha nwesịrị mmekọahụ, atụrụ na-enwe ime ime ihe dị ka ọnwa ise. N'ime ụbọchị ole na ole nke ọmụmụ na-abịanụ, ụmụ atụrụ na-amalite ịkpa àgwà dị iche. Ha nwere ike idina ala ma guzo n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, na-eme ka ala dị ala, ma ọ bụ na-eme ihe na-ekwekọghị na usoro ìgwè atụrụ nkịtị. Udo nne nne ga-ejupụta ngwa ngwa, akụkụ ahụ ya ga-ebu ibu. Mmekọahụ, akpa nwa ma ọ bụ prolapse anal nwekwara ike ime, n'ọnọdụ ahụ, enwere ike iji ma ọ bụ ihe na-ejide ya iji jide oghere ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na nsogbu ahụ na-aga n'ihu.<ref name="storey"/> A ga-atụfu ụmụ atụrụ ndị na-enwe nsogbu siri ike mgbe ha na-amụ nwa dịka prolapse, n'ìgwè atụrụ iji zere nsogbu ndị ọzọ n'afọ ndị na-abịanụ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sheep husbandry and diseases|author=Fraser|first=Allan|publisher=Collins|year=1987|isbn=978-0632026623|oclc=20416719}}</ref> === Insemination aka mere na mbufe embryo === Na mgbakwunye na insemination sitere n'okike site na ebule, a na-eji inseminasion aka na nnyefe embryo eme ihe na mmemme ịzụ atụrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ na Australia na New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Cottle|first=D.J.|title=Australian Sheep and Wool Handbook|publisher=Inkata Press, Melbourne|year=1991|isbn=978-0-909605-60-5}}</ref> Ihe omume ndị a ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na United States n'oge afọ 2000 ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dọkịta anụmanụ ruru eru ịrụ ụdị usoro ndị a na nkà amụbaala.<ref name="IETS">{{Cite web|title=International Embryo Transfer Society|url=https://www.iets.org/|work=Iets.org/|accessdate=19 October 2014}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, AI atụrụ bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya ma e jiri ya tụnyere anụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ. N'adịghị ka ehi ma ọ bụ ewu, nke nwere akpa nwa kwụ ọtọ nke nwere ike inseminated site na akụkụ ahụ nwanyị, ụmụ atụrụ nwere akpa nwa gbagọrọ agbagọ nke siri ike ịnweta. Tụkwasị na nke a, ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị na-azụ anụ enweghị ike ịchịkwa okirikiri nke nne ha.<ref name="lai">{{Cite web|url=http://toprams.com/lai.htm|title=Laparscopic Artificial Insemination: A Means to Improve Genetics|author=Dally|first=Martin Animal Science Department, [[University of California]]|work=toprams.com|accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> Ikike ịchịkwa okirikiri estrus dị mfe taa n'ihi ngwaahịa ndị na-enyere aka n'ịhazi okpomọkụ. Ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke ngwaahịa bụ PG600, CIDRs, Estrumate na Folltropin V. Ngwaahịa ndị a nwere progesterone nke ga-eweta induction nke estrus na atụrụ (ụmụ atụrụ) n'oge oge anestrus. Oge anestrus bụ mgbe ụmụ atụrụ enweghị usoro estrous mgbe niile n'èzí oge ọmụmụ. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, insemination nke atụrụ na-emepụta naanị 40-60% nke ihe ịga nke ọma, a na-akpọ ya "agba n'ọchịchịrị" (SID). N'afọ 1980, ndị na-eme nchọpụta n'Australia mepụtara usoro insemination laparoscopic nke, jikọtara ya na ojiji nke progestogen na serum gonadotropin (PMSG), mepụtara ọnụego ihe ịga nke ọma dị elu (50-80% ma ọ bụ karịa), ma ghọọ ụkpụrụ maka inseminations nke atụrụ na narị afọ nke 21.<ref name="lai"/> Nchịkọta mkpụrụ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke usoro a. Ozugbo a chịkọtara ọbara ọcha, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe ozugbo maka insemination ma ọ bụ jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ kpụkọọ maka iji ya mee ka ọ dị n'oge na-adịghị anya. A na-amata ọbara ọcha ọhụrụ dị ka usoro ịhọrọ ebe ọ na-adị ogologo oge ma na-ewepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ime ime. Mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara a gwakọtara agwakọta ga-arụ ọrụ, mana ọ ga-abụrịrị ogo kachasị elu nke ọbara ọcha na a ga-etinye ụmụ atụrụ ugboro abụọ n'otu ụbọchị.<ref name="tad">{{Cite web|title=Reproduction Specialty Group|url=http://Reprospecialty.com|accessdate=19 October 2014}}</ref> Ahịa nke ọbara ọcha bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ a. Ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ebule ndị meriri ihe nrite ahụla na nke a bụ ụzọ dị mma iji mee ka otuto nke anụmanụ ha a ma ama. Mbufe embryo (ET) bụ obere usoro ịwa ahụ na-enweghị ihe ize ndụ nke mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa mgbe emechara ya nke ọma; laparoscopy atụrụ na-enye ohere mbubata nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ka mma, ọbụlagodi nke ụdị ndị nwere ike ọ gaghị adị na mba ụfọdụ n'ihi iwu nke mbubata anụmanụ dị ndụ.<ref name="lai"/> A na-eji usoro ET eme ihe iji nye ndị na-emepụta ohere ịbawanye ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-amịpụta ụmụ atụrụ / ụmụ kachasị mma ma ọ bụ maka ijigide n'ime ìgwè atụrụ ma ọ bụ iji ree ndị na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. ET na-enyekwa ndị na-emepụta ohere ịga n'ihu na-eji ewe / mee nke nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ike iburu ma ọ bụ nye ụmụ atụrụ nri. Site na ET, enwere ike ịzụlite ìgwè atụrụ ngwa ngwa na ndị karịrị nkezi nke ụdị ọbara yiri ya. Ụlọ ọrụ bụ isi iji teknụzụ a mee ihe na United States bụ ndị na-azụ nwa atụrụ na ndị na-egosi ya. Ọ bụ ihe a na-emekarị na ụlọ ọrụ atụrụ azụmahịa nke Australia, New Zealand, na South America.<ref name="AETA">{{Cite web|title=American Embryo Transfer Association|url=http://Aeta.org|accessdate=19 October 2014}}</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ nkezi nke ihe ịga nke ọma nke ET n'ihe gbasara embryos nwetaghachiri nwere ike ịdịgasị iche iche. Ụdị ọ bụla ga-emeghachi omume n'ụzọ dị iche na usoro ET. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, atụrụ ndị nwere ihu ọcha na-amụba karịa atụrụ ndị nwere isi ojii. Enwere ike ịtụ anya ọnụọgụ nke efu ruo n'etiti afọ 20 n'ihe gbasara embryos ndị dị ndụ nwetara site na usoro flush. N'ime otu afọ nkezi bụ 6.8 àkwá a na-ebufe maka onye ọ bụla na-enye onyinye na 75% nke ime ime maka àkwá ndị ahụ.<ref name="tad"/> === Enweghị ike ịmụ nwa === Enweghị ike ịmụ nwa nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọtụtụ akụkụ na omume nchịkwa yana ihe gbasara ahụike. Otu n'ime isi ihe mere e ji hụ pasentị dị ala n'ìgwè atụrụ bụ n'ihi ụkọ mineral na vitamin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Healthy sheep : naturally|first=Pat|author=Coleby|publisher=Landlinks Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0643065246|location=Victoria|pages=133|oclc=975196851}}</ref> Isi vitamin na mineral ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọmụmụ bụ selenium, ọla kọpa, vitamin A na D.<ref name=":0" /> Ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ịmụ nwa ma nwee ike ịkpata ite ime bụ ọrịa na-efe efe, ọnọdụ ahụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ma ọ bụ nsí na nri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/livestock-biosecurity/infertility-and-abortion-ewes|title=Infertility and abortion in ewes|work=www.agric.wa.gov.au|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-01|archivedate=2019-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401172904/https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/livestock-biosecurity/infertility-and-abortion-ewes}}</ref> == Ịkpa nwa atụrụ == Ka oge maka ịmụ nwa na-eru nso, nwa atụrụ ahụ ga-ada na-eme ka nwa atụrụ ahụ nwee ọgba aghara, na-egosipụta omume na-enweghị ntụsara ahụ ma gosipụta ọdịdị miri emi n'ihu ebe hipbone.<ref>{{Cite book|title=STOREY'S GUIDE TO RAISING SHEEP : breeding, care, facilities|first=PAULA|author=SIMMONS|date=2019|publisher=STOREY Books|isbn=978-1612129846|oclc=1041893745}}</ref> Mgbe ọmụmụ dị nso, mgbanaka na-amalite ime, omume ọma nke nne nwere ike ịbawanye. Ịrụ ọrụ dị mma nwere ike iwe otu awa ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ awa, dabere na ụmụ atụrụ ole dị, afọ nke nne, na ọnọdụ ahụike na nri na-edozi ahụ tupu a mụọ ya.<ref name="living"/> Ọ bụ ezie na ụdị ụfọdụ nwere ike imepụta ụmụ atụrụ buru ibu mgbe niile (ihe ndekọ na-anọ gburugburu ụmụ atụrụ itoolu n'otu oge), ọtụtụ na-emepụta ma ọ bụ ụmụ atụrụ abụọ. <ref name="storey"/><ref name="quints">{{Cite news|title=Quintuplet birth takes sheep breeder by surprise|url=http://www.praguemonitor.com/en/258/czech_business/17581/|work=Prague Daily Monitor|publisher=Czech News Agency|date=2008-01-24|accessdate=2008-01-25}}</ref> A maara ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ atụrụ a na-emepụta kwa afọ dị ka pasentị ụmụ atụrụ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sheep Production and Management|author=Ross|first=C.V.|publisher=Prentice-Hall Incorporated|year=1989|isbn=978-0-13-808510-0|location=New Jersey|pages=123}}</ref> Ọnọdụ nke nne atụrụ n'oge oge ọmụmụ ga-emetụta pasentị nwa atụrụ yana ogo ụmụ atụrụ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lamb Production|author=Prescott|first=J.H.D.|publisher=U.S. Feed Grains Council|year=1971|location=England|pages=12}}</ref> N'oge ụfọdụ, ọ na-abụkarị na mbido ịmụ nwa ma ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe amuchara, a pụrụ itinye atụrụ na ụmụ atụrụ n'ime obere ite ụmụ atụrụ.<ref name="begin"/> A na-emepụta pensụl ndị a, nke na-adịkarị mita abụọ ruo asatọ (0.6 ruo 2.4 m) n'ogologo na obosara, iji nyere aka ma nlezianya na-ele anya na atụrụ na iji mee ka njikọ dị n'etiti ha na ụmụ atụrụ ha sie ike.<ref name="living" /><ref name="modern">{{Cite book|title=The Modern Shepherd|author=Brown|first=Dave|year=1996|publisher=Farming Press|location=Wharfedale Road, Ipswich 1P1 4LG, United Kingdom|isbn=978-0-85236-188-7}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Emerging_lamb_cropped.jpg|thumb|Nwa ejima a mụrụ n'ebe ịta nri na New Zealand]] Ọmụmụ nwa nwere ike ịbụ nsogbu. Site n'ịzụ ụmụ atụrụ ndị na-amị ọtụtụ ụmụ na ibu dị elu maka ọgbọ, ndị na-emepụta atụrụ emeela ka ụfọdụ atụrụ ụlọ nwee nsogbu ịmụ nwa n'amaghị ama.<ref name="storey"/> Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ akụkọ ifo na atụrụ enweghị ike ịtụrụ nwa atụrụ na-enweghị enyemaka mmadụ; ọtụtụ atụrụ na-amụ nwa n'ebe ịta nri n'enweghị enyemaka.<ref name="begin"/> Ịkwado ịdị mfe nke ịmụ nwa na mmepụta ihe dị elu bụ otu n'ime nsogbu nke ịzụ atụrụ. <ref name="storey" /> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ọmụmụ dị mma ma ọ dịghị achọ ntinye aka, ọtụtụ nsogbu nwere ike ibilite. Nwa atụrụ nwere ike ịpụta n'ụzọ nkịtị (nke nwere ụkwụ na isi n'ihu), mana ọ nwere ike ibu nke ukwuu ịpụ n'ọwa ọmụmụ. Nke a na-emekarị mgbe a na-agbakọta nnukwu ebule na obere atụrụ (nke a nwere njikọ na ọmụmụ, ebule buru ibu karịa ebule site na ntụnyere). <ref name="begin" /> Nwa atụrụ nwekwara ike igosi onwe ha na otu ubu n'akụkụ, kpamkpam azụ, ma ọ bụ naanị ụfọdụ n'ime aka ha na-apụta.<ref name="living"/> Ụmụ atụrụ nwekwara ike ite ime ma ọ bụ amụọ ha nwụrụ anwụ. Enweghị ike ịmụ nwa bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ọrịa dịka toxoplasmosis na ọrịa ụkwụ na ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Protozoal causes of reproductive failure in domestic ruminants|journal=Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract.|volume=10|issue=3|pages=439–61|year=1994|pmid=7728629|doi=10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30531-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Musser JM|title=A practitioner's primer on foot-and-mouth disease|journal=J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.|volume=224|issue=8|pages=1261–1268|year=2004|pmid=15112774|doi=10.2460/javma.2004.224.1261}}</ref> Ụdị ụfọdụ nke ite ime n'ime atụrụ nwere ike igbochi site na ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi megide ọrịa ndị a.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=García de la Fuente JN|title=Efficacy of different commercial and new inactivated vaccines against ovine enzootic abortion|journal=Vet. Microbiol.|volume=100|issue=1–2|pages=65–76|year=2004|pmid=15135514|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.01.015}}</ref> N'ihe banyere nsogbu ọ bụla dị otú ahụ, ndị nọ n'ebe a na-azụ atụrụ (ndị nwere ike ma ọ bụ na-agụnyeghị dọkịta anụ ụlọ, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na-eme nke ọma n'ịzụ atụrụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ) nwere ike inyere nne atụrụ ahụ aka n'ịwepụta ma ọ bụ na-atụgharị atụrụ.[1] N'ọnọdụ siri ike, a ga-achọ ngalaba cesarean iji wepụ nwa atụrụ ahụ.[26] Mgbe a mụsịrị nwa, nne atụrụ na-agbaji akpa amniotic (ọ bụrụ na ọ gbajighị n'oge ime), wee malite ịracha ya iji sachaa nwa atụrụ ahụ. Ịracha ahụ na-ehichapụ imi na ọnụ, na-akpọnwụ nwa atụrụ, ma kpalie ya.[1] Ụmụ atụrụ na-eku ume na ahụike n'oge a na-amalite ịgbalị iguzo ọtọ, ma na-eme ya n'etiti ọkara awa zuru ezu, site n'enyemaka nke nne.[1] N'ozuzu, mgbe ụmụ atụrụ kwụchara, a na-akpụcha eriri nwa ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị ka sentimita 2.5. Ozugbo edozichara ya, a na-edobe obere akpa (dị ka ihe nkiri ihe nkiri) nke iodine n'ime afọ nwa atụrụ n'elu eriri nke fọdụrụ iji gbochie ọrịa.<ref name="begin"/> == Nlekọta mgbe amuchara == [[Usòrò:Lamb_-_no_docking.jpg|thumb|Nwa atụrụ dị na Australia nke, n'ụzọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe, enwetabeghị ọdụ ya.]] N'ọnọdụ ndị dị mma, ụmụ atụrụ na-enye nwa ara mgbe ha guzo ọtọ, na-enweta mmiri ara dị mkpa. Nwa atụrụ ndị na-enweghị ike inye nwa ara ma ọ bụ ndị nne na-egbochi ime otú ahụ chọrọ enyemaka iji dịrị ndụ. Ọ bụrụ na ịmanye ha abụọ ịnakwere nọọsụ anaghị arụ ọrụ, enwere ike iwere otu n'ime ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ. Enwere ike ijide atụrụ ma ọ bụ kee ha agbụ iji manye ha ịnabata nwa atụrụ na-enye nwa ara. Ọ bụrụ na nwa atụrụ anaghị eri nri, a pụkwara iji tube afọ mee ihe iji manye nwa atụrụ ahụ ike nri iji zọpụta ndụ ya.<ref name="living"/> N'ihe banyere nwa atụrụ a jụrụ kpamkpam, onye ọzụzụ atụrụ nwere ike ịnwa ịzụlite nwa atụrụ na-enweghị nne na nna n'elu nwa atụrụ ọzọ. A na-azụlite ụmụ atụrụ mgbe ụfọdụ mgbe nne ha nwụsịrị, ma ọ bụ site na ọmụmụ ma ọ bụ ihe omume ọzọ. Ọsụsọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu n'ime ụmụ atụrụ na-amata ụmụ atụrụ ha, yabụ imebi ísì nwa atụrụ a mụrụ ọhụrụ site na ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ ijikwa ya gabigara ókè nwere ike ime ka nwa atụrụ jụ ya.<ref name="living"/><ref name="storey"/><ref name="modern"/> N'aka nke ọzọ, ụzọ dị iche iche nke inye nwa atụrụ ísì nke nwa mgbei nwere ike [[Iba|ịba]] uru n'ịzụlite. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ike ịzụlite nwa atụrụ na-enweghị nne na nna, mgbe ahụ ọ na-abụkarị ihe a maara dị ka nwa atụrụ karama - nwa atụrụ ndị mmadụ zụlitere ma nye ya nri site na karama.<ref name="living" /> [[Usòrò:Mudchute_farm_sheep_with_lambs.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Nwa atụrụ Oxford Down na ụmụ ejima ya n'ime ite nwa atụrụ, hụ ntụpọ iodine n'elu ụmụ atụrụ]] Mgbe ụmụ atụrụ kwụsiri ike, a na-eme akara nwa atụrụ - nke a na-agụnye mkpado ntị, nkwụsị, ịkpụ ahụ na ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi.<ref name="living"/> Akara ntị nwere nọmba bụ ụzọ isi nke ịmata mgbe a na-akpọghị atụrụ aha; ọ bụkwa ụzọ iwu kwadoro nke ịmata anụmanụ na European Union: nọmba ahụ nwere ike ịmata atụrụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ naanị ìgwè atụrụ ya. Mgbe a na-eme ya n'oge ọ dị obere, akara ntị yiri ka ọ na-akpata obere ma ọ bụ enweghị ahụ iru ala nye ụmụ atụrụ. <ref name="living" /> <ref name="storey"/> Otú ọ dị, iji mkpado n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ma ọ bụ iji mkpado ndị a na-emeghị maka atụrụ nwere ike ịkpata ahụ erughị ala, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi oke ibu nke mkpado maka anụmanụ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="living" /> A na-akpụ nwa atụrụ Ram ndị a na-ebughị n'obi ịzụlite, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na-ahọrọ izere usoro ahụ maka ebumnuche omume, akụ na ụba ma ọ bụ ihe bara uru.<ref name="living"/> A naghị ahụkarị ụmụ atụrụ Ram ndị a ga-egbu ma ọ bụ kewapụ ha na ụmụ atụrụ tupu ha ezuo oke mmekọahụ.<ref name="modern"/> N'ọtụtụ ụdị, a na-etinye ọdụ nwa atụrụ n'ihi ihe gbasara ahụike.<ref name="begin"/> Enwere ike iwepụ ọdụ ahụ n'okpuru ọdụdụ nwa atụrụ ahụ (ịkwụsị dị mkpụmkpụ karịa nke a nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu ahụike dịka prolapse rectal), mana n'ụfọdụ ụdị, a na-ahapụ ọdụ ahụ ogologo oge, ma ọ bụ anaghị ejikọta ya ma ọlị.<ref name="begin" /> Docking adịghị mkpa na ụdị ndị nwere ọdụ dị mkpirikpi, a naghị emekarị ya na ụdị ndị a na-eji ọdụ ogologo akpọrọ ihe, dị ka Zwartbles.Ọ bụ ezie na Ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ anụmanụ na-elekarị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri anya dị ka ihe obi ọjọọ na ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, a na-ewere ya dị ka nzọụkwụ dị oke mkpa n'ichebe ahụike atụrụ site n'aka ndị na-azụ atụrụ. <ref name="living" /> <ref name="begin" /><ref name="hobby"/><ref name="modern" /> Ogologo, ọdụ ajị anụ na-eme ka ịkpụ afụ ọnụ sie ike, na-egbochi ịlụ di na nwunye, ma na-eme gore atụrụ nwee ike ịnweta nje, ọkachasị ndị na-akpata nnụnụ.<ref name="living" /> Enwere ike iji ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ mee ma castration na docking. Otu elastrator na-etinye eriri rọba siri ike gburugburu ebe, na-eme ka ọ daa ma daa n'ime ọtụtụ izu. Usoro a enweghị ọbara ma o yighị ka ọ na-akpata ahụhụ dị ukwuu nye ụmụ atụrụ, ndị na-elegharakarị ya anya mgbe ọtụtụ awa gasịrị. <ref name="living" /> <ref name="storey"/><ref name="hobby" /><ref name="modern" /> Na mgbakwunye na elastrator, a na-eji Burdizzo, emasculator, chisel na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ mma eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ.<ref name="living" /> Mgbe otu ụbọchị ma ọ bụ ụbọchị atọ n'ime ite ụmụ atụrụ, a na-ejikarị atụrụ na ụmụ atụrụ eme ihe nke ọma iji kwe ka ndị ọzọ weghachite ìgwè atụrụ ahụ.<ref name="storey" /> == Ịzụ atụrụ maka azụmahịa == [[Usòrò:Merino_ewes_&_lambs-crop.JPG|thumb|Nwa atụrụ na ụmụ atụrụ Merino na Walcha, New South Wales]] In the large sheep producing nations of [[South Amerika|South America]], [[Ostraliya|Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] sheep are usually bred on large tracts of land with much less intervention from the graziers or breeders. Merinos{{sentence fragment|date=August 2022}}, and much of the land in these countries does not lend itself to the mob intervention that is found in smaller flock breeding countries. In these countries there is little need, and no option but for ewes to lamb outdoors as there are insufficient structures to handle the large flocks of ewes there.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wake up call for Irish sheep farming|url=http://www.ifj.ie/2005/0521/farmmanagement/sheep/feature.shtml|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20070630184513/http://www.ifj.ie/2005/0521/farmmanagement/sheep/feature.shtml|archivedate=June 30, 2007|accessdate=October 19, 2008}}</ref> New Zealand ewes produce 36 million lambs each spring time, which is an average of 2,250 lambs per farm.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Performance-Based Selection|url=http://www.agritech.org.nz/sheep.shtml|accessdate=October 19, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014140026/http://www.agritech.org.nz/sheep.shtml|archivedate=October 14, 2008}}</ref> Australian graziers, too, do not receive the financial support that governments in other countries provide to sheep breeders. Low-cost sheep breeding is based on large numbers of sheep per labour unit and having ewes that are capable of unsupervised lambing to produce hardy, active lambs. == Akụkụ njikwa == Maka ndị na-azụ anụ na-ezube imeziwanye ìgwè atụrụ ha, a na-ahazi atụrụ atụrụ ma wepụ atụrụ dị ala tupu ha enwee mmekọahụ iji lekọta ma ọ bụ melite ogo nke ìgwè atụrụ ahụ. Ọ dịla anya e jikọtara ihu ndị na-adịghị mma na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọmụmụ dị ala. A na-ahọrọ ụmụ atụrụ ma ọ bụ ụmụ atụrụ ahọpụtara n'ụzọ pụrụ iche site n'enyemaka nke nyocha ebumnuche, ozi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ọrụ nyocha nke dị ugbu a na Australia na New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Blair|first=H. T.|title=Application of new technologies in sheep breeding|journal=New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research|date=June 2007|volume=50|issue=2|pages=89–102|id={{INIST|18908365}}|doi=10.1080/00288230709510285}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheepcrc.org.au/index.php?id=269|title=Australian Sheep CRC|work=Sheepcrc.org.au|accessdate=2016-02-24|archivedate=2008-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719233632/http://www.sheepcrc.org.au/index.php?id=269}}</ref> Nhọrọ nke oge ịlụ di na nwunye na-achịkwa ọtụtụ ihe gụnyere ihu igwe, ihe ahịa chọrọ na nnweta nri. A na-ejikarị ebule na ihe dị ka 2.5% dabere na afọ nke atụrụ, gbakwunyere ịtụle nha na ụdị ebe a na-alụ.<ref name="L&GPA" /> Oge ịlụ di na nwunye dị site na izu 6 ruo 8 n'ìgwè atụrụ azụmahịa. Oge di na nwunye ogologo na-akpata nsogbu nchịkwa na akara nwa atụrụ na ịkpụchasị ajị anụ wdg.<ref name="D’Arcy" /> [[Usòrò:Paridera_Cueva_del_Río_Piedra.jpg|thumb|A Middle Ages Paridera na a Natural Cave nso Monasterio de Piedra.]] Ezigbo nri na-edozi ahụ dị mkpa maka atụrụ n'ime izu 6 ikpeazụ nke ime iji gbochie toxaemia ime ime, ọkachasị na ụmụ atụrụ ejima. Otú ọ dị, inyebiga nri ókè nwere ike ịkpata ụmụ atụrụ buru ibu na [[Ọrụ a na-egbochi|dystocia]]. Ịkpụ ajị atụrụ tupu ịtụrụ nwa na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ atụrụ ndị a tụbara (ya bụ, enweghị ike ibili n'enweghị enyemaka), na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ atụrụ na ụmụ atụrụ furu efu. A na-enyekwa ụmụ atụrụ aka ịchọta udder ma na-amị nwa atụrụ a kpụrụ akpụ. Na mgbakwunye, ịkpụ ajị anụ tupu ịtụrụ nwa nwere ike ime ka ajị anụ ahụ dị ka ịkpụ ajụ anụ nwere ike ime ebe ọ bụ na ịmụ nwa bụ nnukwu nrụgide n'ahụ nwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shroedershearing.com/8-reasons-to-shear-before-lambing/|title=8 Reasons to Shear Before Lambing {{!}} Shroeder Shearing|work=shroedershearing.com|accessdate=2019-04-01}}</ref> Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche ọnọdụ ihu igwe tupu ị na-akpụ akpụ, ọkachasị n'ọnọdụ oyi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ablamb.ca/images/documents/factsheets/Shearing-Your-Sheep.pdf|title=Shearing Your Sheep|author=Read|first=Lianne|date=2007|work=Alberta Lamb Producers|accessdate=April 1, 2019}}</ref> Mgbe a kpụrụ akpụ, a na-etinye atụrụ atụrụ n'ebe a na-edebe nke ọma nke nwere ezigbo nri na mmiri. Nlebara anya maka ụmụ atụrụ na-amụ nwa dịgasị iche dabere na ụdị, nha na ebe nke ihe onwunwe. Ọ gwụla ma ha bụ ụmụ atụrụ ọ gaghị ekwe omume na ha ga-enweta nlekọta siri ike. N'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè nwere nnukwu paddocks, e nwere iwu nke enweghị mgbochi. N'ihe onwunwe ndị ọzọ, ndị na-azụ anụ na-enyocha ìgwè mmadụ ahụ n'oge dịgasị iche iche iji guzoro atụrụ a tụbara atụ ma dozie dystocia. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ewepụkwa ụmụ atụrụ dị ime mgbe ụfọdụ n'ebe ụmụ atụrụ amụọla, iji gbochie nne na-adịghị mma. A na-emekarị akara ụmụ atụrụ mgbe ha dị izu atọ ruo isii, mana oge ịmụ nwa ogologo oge nwere ike ịchọ akara abụọ. === Ịdị n'obi === Inbreeding na-emekarị n'ìgwè ndị pere mpe na ebe a na-eji naanị otu ma ọ bụ ole na ole ebule. Ihe jikọtara ya na inbreeding bụ mbelata nke arụmọrụ ụmụ a na-akpọkarị inbreeding depression. A chọtala ịda mbà n'obi maka ibu nwa atụrụ, ibu ibu kwa ụbọchị site na ọmụmụ ruo ọnwa abụọ, na ogo ụmụ.<ref name="pmid17235016">{{Cite journal|title=Inbreeding trend and inbreeding depression in the Danish populations of Texel, Shropshire, and Oxford Down|journal=J. Anim. Sci.|volume=85|issue=2|pages=299–304|year=2007|pmid=17235016|doi=10.2527/jas.2006-257}}</ref> Ịmụba ịda mbà n'obi nwere ike ịkpata ọrịa na nkwarụ n'ìgwè atụrụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Selvaggi|first=M.|title=Inbreeding depression in Leccese sheep|journal=Small Ruminant Research|date=March 2010|volume=89|issue=1|pages=42–46|doi=10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.12.005}}</ref> == Mba ndị ọzọ == Na mba atụrụ ndị dị na [[Argentina]], [[Uruguay]], Brazil, [[Peru]] na [[Chile]], ndị na-azụ atụrụ na-ejikwa usoro nyocha ajị anụ na ndekọ arụmọrụ dị ka ụzọ isi meziwanye ìgwè atụrụ ha.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cardellino|first=Roberto C.|title=Fiber production and sheep breeding in South America|journal=Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics|volume=18|year=2009|pages=366–73|url=http://www.aaabg.org/proceedings/2009/cardellino366.pdf}}</ref> == Nnyocha ọhụrụ == N'afọ 2008, maka oge mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị nchọpụta na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha Chiswick CSIRO, n'etiti Uralha na Armidale, New South Wales jiri mkpụrụ ndụ stem mepụta ebule na ehi. Ụmụ nwoke ndị a na-emepụta ọbara ọcha nke nwoke ọzọ. ỤỤzọ n'ime nnwale atụrụ ndị a na-agụnye ịgbanye ule ebule ebe a na-etinye sel stem sitere na ebule nke abụọ n'ime testes nke mbụ, er A. N'izu ndị na-esonụ ram A na-emepụta semen dị ka ọ na-adị, mana ọ na-eji stem cell nke ebule B. ya mere na-emepụta semen na-ebu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ebule B karịa nke ya. Ya mere Ram A abụrụla ebule nọchiri anya nke ọma. A na-akụnyezi mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ike ime n'atụrụ ahụ ma ọtụtụ ụmụ atụrụ a mụrụ site na usoro a na-egosi na ha dị mma ma dị mma. Nnwale DNA egosila na ihe ruru 10% nke ụmụ atụrụ bụ ebule nọchiri anya ya na ndị ọzọ na-ebu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ebule onye nyere onyinye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nqr.farmonline.com.au/files/70/17/01/000011770/publish_to_web/index.html|title=Surrogate rams through stem cell research|work=Nqr.farmonline.com.au|accessdate=2016-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174206/http://nqr.farmonline.com.au/files/70/17/01/000011770/publish_to_web/index.html|archivedate=2016-03-03}}</ref><ref>The Land, “Stem cell revolution”, Marius Cuming, p.3, ''Rural Press'', Richmond, 13 November 2008</ref> Akụkụ ọzọ a na-eme nyocha nke na-eto eto bụ mbelata ikuku ikuku griin haus, ọkachasị methane, sitere na anụ ụlọ. Ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-ahụ maka inye ntụnye ikuku kacha elu n'ụdị anụmanụ niile. Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-eme nnyocha iji chọpụta ka ịchịkọta nri atụrụ nwere ike isi nyere aka belata ihe ndị a dị ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Haque|first=Md Najmul|date=2018-06-18|title=Dietary manipulation: a sustainable way to mitigate methane emissions from ruminants|journal=Journal of Animal Science and Technology|volume=60|pages=15|doi=10.1186/s40781-018-0175-7|pmid=29946475}}</ref> == Ebem si dee == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t2umnqqaszns49qv5q2m4hxx3nkv66f 0 50862 692589 184102 2026-07-30T11:20:31Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox journal|title=Hecate|cover=|caption=|former_name=<!-- or |former_names= -->|abbreviation=Hecate|discipline=<!-- or |subject= -->|peer-reviewed=|language=English|editor=<!-- or |editors= -->|publisher=Hecate Press, in association with the Centre for Women, Gender, Culture and Social Change Research|country=[[Australia]]|history=1975–present|frequency=|openaccess=|license=|impact=|impact-year=|ISSNlabel=|ISSN=0311-4198|eISSN=|CODEN=|JSTOR=|LCCN=|OCLC=60621492|website=https://hecate.communications-arts.uq.edu.au/|link1=|link1-name=|link2=<!-- up to |link5= -->|link2-name=<!-- up to |link5-name= -->|boxwidth=}}Hecate: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Women's Liberation bụ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị nke Australia, nke e hiwere na 1975. <ref name="National Library of Australia - NLA Trove - Hecate : a women's interdisciplinary journal">{{Cite web|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/30230304?q=+&versionId=44976384|title=Hecate: a women's interdisciplinary journal|work=[[NLA Trove]]|publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]|accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref> Hecate Press bipụtara ya ugbu a, na mmekọrịta ya na Centre for Women, Gender, Culture and Social Change Research, na School of English, Media Studies and Art History na Mahadum Queensland. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya ugbu a na ntọala ya bụ Carole Ferrier. Na 1997 Hecate Press amalgamated Australian Women's Book Review iji ghọọ Hecate's Australian Women's Book Review. [2] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1354133?lookfor=title:(australian%20women%27s%20book%20review)&offset=1&max=475650|title=Hecate's Australian women's book review|accessdate=1 April 2015|work=Catalogue|publisher=National Library of Australia|year=1989}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == aipehkwaotk66d5yzo8oiy2wfpegnl5 0 51133 692436 185037 2026-07-30T04:26:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692436 wikitext text/x-wiki <references /> Siria-Lebanese Women's Union (al-Ittihad al-Nisa'i al-Suri al-Lubnani) bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Lebanon na Syria, hiwere na 1920s na-arụ ọrụ ruo 1946. A na-akpọkwa ya Lebanese Women's Union, Siria. Arab Women's Union na Arab Women's Union. Akpọwo ya dị ka ebe mmalite nke òtù ụmụ nwanyị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Lebanon na Syria. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'afọ 1920-21, ọtụtụ ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị Lebanọn guzobere otu Union na-abụghị nke a na-ahụ anya, nke e guzobere na 1924. Ọ bụ otu ìgwè nke ọtụtụ ndị ọsụ ụzọ na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị guzobere ya: n'etiti ha Nour Hamada, Adila Bayhum na Nazik al-Abid. E guzobere ya n'okpuru nduzi nke Labibah Thabit. Ebumnuche nke Union bụ ịrụ ọrụ dị ka otu nche anwụ, na-ejikọta otu ụmụ nwanyị Lebanon na Syria. A maara ya dị ka Arab (Lebanese) Women's Union na Lebanon, yana dị ka Siria Arab Women's Union na Syria. Ọtụtụ n'ime otu na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu n'otu n'otu n'okpuru nzukọ a, bụ ndị ekpe ma ọ bụ ndị mba ụwa. Union bụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma na-akwado nzukọ ma na-ekwu okwu na nkuzi gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gara Nzukọ nke iri na otu nke International Woman Suffrage Alliance na 1929, ma kwado Nzukọ Ndị inyom nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Mbụ na 1930. N'afọ 1946, e kewara Union na Women's Union n'okpuru Ibtihaj Qaddoura na Lebanese Women Solidarity Association n'okpuru Laure Thabet. N'afọ 1952, Women's Union na Lebanese Women Solidarity Association jikọtara ọnụ iji guzobe Lebanese Council for Women, nke a makwaara dị ka Lebanese women's Council. == Hụkwa == * General Union of Syrian Women == Ihe odide == * Pernille Arenfeldt, Nawar Al-Hassan Golley, Mapping Arab Women's Movements: A Century of Transformations from Within''[https://books.google.com/books?id=chYnDAAAQBAJ&dq=first+Women%27s+Organization+nour+hamada&pg=PA67 Map nke Arab Women's Movements: Otu narị afọ nke mgbanwe site n'ime]'' * https://web.archive.org/web/20240321075627/https://civilsociety-centre.org/content/women%E2%80%99s-union-lebanon-and-syria * James A. Reilly, Fragile Nation, Shattered Land: The Modern History of Syria''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fPSGDwAAQBAJ&dq=Syrian-Lebanese+Women%27s+Union+1928&pg=PT144 Mba Na-adịghị Nwe Ike, Ala gbawara agbawa: Akụkọ Ọgbara Ọhụrụ nke Siria]'' * Elizabeth Thompson, Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, na Mmekọahụ na''[https://books.google.com/books?id=B9fruGejwmUC&dq=Syrian-Lebanese+Women%27s+Union+1928&pg=PA143 Ụmụ amaala na-achị mba ahụ: Ikike Republican, Ikike Nna, na Mmekọahụ na]'' 88clt2w0ym62qgo3kyrzn67390f14xr 0 51340 692522 185851 2026-07-30T09:27:45Z Anastesia chi 23720 Added default sort 692522 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Gabriele Perico''' (amụrụ 11 Maachị 1984) bụ onye Italian onye bụbu ọkachamara footballer onye na-egwuri dị ka a nri azụ maka Virtus Bergamo na Serie D. Ọ bụ onye mbụ Italy U20 mba. == Ọrụ klọb == Perico malitere ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọgbakọ Atalanta . Na oge 2003–04 ọ hapụrụ Prato . === AlbinoLeffe === N'oge okpomọkụ 2004, ọ bịanyere aka na Serie B n'akụkụ AlbinoLeffe si Prato tinyere Mauro Belotti na Alessandro Diamanti . Mpaghara mpaghara Bergamo, bịanyekwara aka na onye otu Primavera Joelson (na nkwekọrịta ikike) yana Mauro Minelli (na mbinye ego) sitere na Atalanta. O mere egwuregwu izizi Serie B ya maka AlbinoLeffe na mmeri 2–0 megide Venezia, na 11 Septemba 2004. === Cagliari === Na 9 August 2010 Perico sonyeere Cagliari <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cagliaricalcio.net/news/9328/perico-e-laner-al-cagliari.html|title=Perico e Laner al Cagliari|date=9 August 2010|accessdate=2 June 2011|work=Cagliari Calcio|language=Italian}}</ref> yana Simon Laner na mbinye ego maka € 750,000 (€ 375,000 ọ bụla ma ọ bụ € 350,000 ọ bụla gbakwunyere Cocco ) <ref name="AlbinoLeffe2012bilancio">UC AlbinoLeffe S.r.l. ''bilancio'' (financial report and accounts) on 30 June 2011 (in Italian)</ref> na nhọrọ ijikọ ndị egwuregwu. Na 21 June 2011 Cagliari wepụrụ ikike ịbanye onye ọkpụkpọ na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta maka € 375,000 na nkwekọrịta afọ 3. <ref name="AlbinoLeffe2012bilancio">UC AlbinoLeffe S.r.l. ''bilancio'' (financial report and accounts) on 30 June 2011 (in Italian)</ref> <ref>Cagliari Calcio SpA ''bilancio'' (financial report and accounts) on 30 June 2012 (in Italian)</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cagliaricalcio.net/news/11597/perico-ancora-del-cagliari.html|title=Perico ancora del Cagliari|date=21 June 2011|accessdate=22 June 2011|work=Cagliari Calcio|language=Italian}}</ref> Cagliari zụtaghachi Cocco maka €150,000. Na June 2012 Cagliari nwetara Perico kpam kpam maka €200,000, mana Cocco nwetakwara AlbinoLeffe maka €200,000. <ref name="AlbinoLeffe2012bilancio" /> Nkwekọrịta ahụ mere ka Cagliari kwụọ €950,000 na AlbinoLeffe maka Perico, ma ọ bụ € 725,000 ego gbakwunyere bịanyere aka na Cocco ugboro abụọ. == Nkwanye ugwu == === Mba ụwa === ; Italy Under-19 * UEFA European Under-19 Championship : 2003 == Ntụaka == B n'akụkụ AlbinoLeffe si Prato tinyere Mauro Belotti na Alessandro Diamanti . Mpaghara mpaghara Bergamo, bịanyekwara aka na onye{{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * (in Italian) [https://int.soccerway.com/players/gabriele-perico/18276/ Gabriele Perico] at Soccerway * (in Italian) [http://www.figc.it/nazionali/DettaglioConvocato?codiceConvocato=2489 Gabriele Perico National Team Stats] Archived 2015-02-01 at the Wayback Machine at FIGC.it * (in Italian) [https://www.tuttocalciatori.net/Perico_Gabriele Gabriele Perico] at Tuttocalciatori {{DEFAULTSORT:Perico, Gabriele}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rf6cqwe6p954juvpphsxuvs5vcxig9h 692523 692522 2026-07-30T09:28:55Z Anastesia chi 23720 Added databox 692523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gabriele Perico''' (amụrụ 11 Maachị 1984) bụ onye Italian onye bụbu ọkachamara footballer onye na-egwuri dị ka a nri azụ maka Virtus Bergamo na Serie D. Ọ bụ onye mbụ Italy U20 mba. == Ọrụ klọb == Perico malitere ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọgbakọ Atalanta . Na oge 2003–04 ọ hapụrụ Prato . === AlbinoLeffe === N'oge okpomọkụ 2004, ọ bịanyere aka na Serie B n'akụkụ AlbinoLeffe si Prato tinyere Mauro Belotti na Alessandro Diamanti . Mpaghara mpaghara Bergamo, bịanyekwara aka na onye otu Primavera Joelson (na nkwekọrịta ikike) yana Mauro Minelli (na mbinye ego) sitere na Atalanta. O mere egwuregwu izizi Serie B ya maka AlbinoLeffe na mmeri 2–0 megide Venezia, na 11 Septemba 2004. === Cagliari === Na 9 August 2010 Perico sonyeere Cagliari <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cagliaricalcio.net/news/9328/perico-e-laner-al-cagliari.html|title=Perico e Laner al Cagliari|date=9 August 2010|accessdate=2 June 2011|work=Cagliari Calcio|language=Italian}}</ref> yana Simon Laner na mbinye ego maka € 750,000 (€ 375,000 ọ bụla ma ọ bụ € 350,000 ọ bụla gbakwunyere Cocco ) <ref name="AlbinoLeffe2012bilancio">UC AlbinoLeffe S.r.l. ''bilancio'' (financial report and accounts) on 30 June 2011 (in Italian)</ref> na nhọrọ ijikọ ndị egwuregwu. Na 21 June 2011 Cagliari wepụrụ ikike ịbanye onye ọkpụkpọ na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta maka € 375,000 na nkwekọrịta afọ 3. <ref name="AlbinoLeffe2012bilancio">UC AlbinoLeffe S.r.l. ''bilancio'' (financial report and accounts) on 30 June 2011 (in Italian)</ref> <ref>Cagliari Calcio SpA ''bilancio'' (financial report and accounts) on 30 June 2012 (in Italian)</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cagliaricalcio.net/news/11597/perico-ancora-del-cagliari.html|title=Perico ancora del Cagliari|date=21 June 2011|accessdate=22 June 2011|work=Cagliari Calcio|language=Italian}}</ref> Cagliari zụtaghachi Cocco maka €150,000. Na June 2012 Cagliari nwetara Perico kpam kpam maka €200,000, mana Cocco nwetakwara AlbinoLeffe maka €200,000. <ref name="AlbinoLeffe2012bilancio" /> Nkwekọrịta ahụ mere ka Cagliari kwụọ €950,000 na AlbinoLeffe maka Perico, ma ọ bụ € 725,000 ego gbakwunyere bịanyere aka na Cocco ugboro abụọ. == Nkwanye ugwu == === Mba ụwa === ; Italy Under-19 * UEFA European Under-19 Championship : 2003 == Ntụaka == B n'akụkụ AlbinoLeffe si Prato tinyere Mauro Belotti na Alessandro Diamanti . Mpaghara mpaghara Bergamo, bịanyekwara aka na onye{{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * (in Italian) [https://int.soccerway.com/players/gabriele-perico/18276/ Gabriele Perico] at Soccerway * (in Italian) [http://www.figc.it/nazionali/DettaglioConvocato?codiceConvocato=2489 Gabriele Perico National Team Stats] Archived 2015-02-01 at the Wayback Machine at FIGC.it * (in Italian) [https://www.tuttocalciatori.net/Perico_Gabriele Gabriele Perico] at Tuttocalciatori {{DEFAULTSORT:Perico, Gabriele}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] n1gnz69wckhmu6v0ieup84ls7bxbxoa 0 51377 692450 688102 2026-07-30T05:38:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692450 wikitext text/x-wiki   Bate Besong (1954-2007) bụ onye Cameroonian onye na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-ede uri na onye nkatọ, onye Pierre Fandio kọwara dị ka "otu n'ime ndị nnọchi anya na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ oge niile nke ihe enwere ike ịkpọ dị ka ọgbọ nke abụọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Cameroon na Bekee." [1] Ọ nwụrụ na Machị 8, 2007, n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala n'okporo ụzọ Douala-Yaounde..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dibussi.com/2007/03/a_baobab_has_fa.html|title="A Baobab Has Fallen": Bate Besong is no More!!! – Dibussi Tande: Scribbles from the Den|publisher=|accessdate=30 January 2016|archivedate=16 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716041412/http://www.dibussi.com/2007/03/a_baobab_has_fa.html}}</ref> Na Julaị 18, 2008, Niyi Osundare nyere Besong ụtụ n'okwu e nyere n'oge 2008 EduArt Awards maka akwụkwọ ndị Cameroonian na bekee. Ka ọ nwetasịrị ọkwa GCE A na St. Bedes Secondary School dị na Kom, Besong nabatara na Mahadum Calabar ebe o bipụtara nchịkọta uri nwa agbọghọ ya akpọrọ Polyphemous Detainee na Skulls ndị ọzọ na 1980 tupu ọ gụchaa. Mgbe ha nọ na mahadum, Bate Besong na Ba'bila Mutia tọrọ ntọala Oracle, akwụkwọ uri nke ụmụ akwụkwọ deziri. N'ịghọta na aha ya na-apụta dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-eto eto na-enye ya amara dị ka onye Naijiria na imebi njirimara ya nke Cameroon, Besong laghachiri na Cameroon mgbe ọ gụchara MA.[4]. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Buea, ebe ọ kuziri site na 1999 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.batebesong.com/2005/02/_as_pointed_out.html#more|title=Bate Besong|publisher=|accessdate=30 January 2016|archivedate=19 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119190322/http://www.batebesong.com/2005/02/_as_pointed_out.html#more}}</ref> N'afọ 1992, n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe emere egwuregwu ya bụ Beasts of No Nation, ndị ọrụ nchekwa steeti tọọrọ Besong ma mekpọọ ya ọnụ, ha kpọọrọ ya gaa ebe a na-amaghị ama ebe e mechara tọhapụ ya mgbe akụkọ banyere ntọrọ ya pụtara n'ihu ọha.<ref>Babila Mutia, Summit Magazine, N0 20,June 2012</ref> N'afọ 1992, o ritere ihe nrite nke Association of Nigerian Authors' Prize for Requiem for the Last Kaiser.<ref>Joyce B. Ashuntantang. Landscaping Postcoloniality: the Dissemination of Cameroon Anglophone Literature. Bamenda: Langaa RPCIG, 2009.</ref> Besong mechara nweta PhD na Literary Studies na Calabar (Nigeria). <ref>Simon Gikandi, ed. Encyclopedia of African Literature. New York: Routledge, 2003.</ref> == Akwụkwọ == 3dheg7btke90i9pqc9thy96cc1dbxm5 0 51483 692372 186104 2026-07-29T21:46:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wolfgang Cramer''' (18 Ọktoba 1901 - 2 Eprel 1974) bụ [[Ákọ na Uche|onye ọkà ihe ọmụma]] na onye mgbakọ na mwepụ German. == Akụkọ ndụ == === Afọ mbụ === A mụrụ Cramer, bụ́ nwa nke onye na-ewu ụlọ gọọmenti na Hamburg ma nọrọ oge akwụkwọ ya na Breslau (nke bụzi Wrocław, Poland). Mgbe Abitur ya gasịrị na 1920 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ semesters atọ nke nkà ihe ọmụma nke Richard Hönigswald na Siegfried Marck duziri na Mahadum Breslau . Otu enyi nke oge a bụ Moritz Löwi. Na Mahadum Heidelberg ọ gụrụ semester ọzọ nke nkà ihe ọmụma nke Karl Jaspers duziri . Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ. N'oge oyi 1924/25 ọ malitere ịmụ akwụkwọ ọzọ wee mụọ mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics na Mahadum Breslau. Ọ dechara akara mmụta doctoral ya na tiori Number na aha ''Die Reziprozitätsformel für Gaußsche Summen in reell quadratischen Zahlkörpern'' ( ''The Reciprocity law for Gaussian Sums in real quadratic number fields'' ) na 1931, nke Hans Rademacher duziri. <ref>Biographic details are taken from his CV in the doctoral thesis. Cf. [[Renate Tobies]]: ''Biographisches Lexikon in Mathematik promovierter Personen.'' Dr. Erwin Rauner Verlag, Augsburg 2006. (Algorismus, Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik und der Naturwissenschaften, ed. by Menso Folkerts, Issue 58). Furthermore, cf. Christian Tilitzki: ''Die deutsche Universitätsphilosophie in der Weimarer Republik und im Dritten Reich.'' Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2002, pp. 661–663.</ref> === N'oge Ọchịchị Nazi === Cramer ghọrọ onye otu Nazi Party na nke National Socialist Teachers League ugbua na 1 Mee 1932. Mgbe a chụrụ Rademacher na usoro nke Gleichschaltung, Cramer ghọrọ onye enyemaka nke Werner Schmeidler na ụlọ ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ. Otú ọ dị, ugbua na April 1933, Cramer kwupụtara na ọ "na-atụ ya n'anya na ngosipụta nke obi ọjọọ", <ref>Witness by Dr. Franz Fink in a letter to [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]] dated 7 February 1949. Fink was part of Cramer's jewish circle of friends. Quoted from Konrad Cramer: ''Um einen nationalsozialistischen Cramer von Innen bittend. August Faust über Fichte im Jahre 1938'', in: Jürgen Stolzenberg und Oliver-Pierre Rudolph (Hg.): Wissen, Freiheit, Geschichte. Die Philosophie Fichtes im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (Fichte Studien 35), Amsterdam-New York, 2010, pp. 285–309, hier p. 291 Anm. 16.</ref> nke mere na ọ chọrọ ịhapụ Party. Moritz Löwi, onye nkụzi Juu na enyi Cramer, mere ka ọ nọrọ, na ọ ga-enwe ike ime ihe dị ka onye a na-atụghị anya ya. Ya mere Cramer tinyere aka na ọpụpụ Löwi site na Czechoslovakia na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] . <ref>Vgl. K. Cramer: op.cit., p. 291 Anm. 16; vgl. C. Tilitzki, op.cit., p. 662</ref> Cramer nyefere ya akwụkwọ ya ''Grundlegung einer Theorie des Geistes'' ( ''Groundwork for a theory of mind'' ) na 1957. == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * Dieter Henrich, Hans Wagner (Ed.): ''Subjektivität und Metaphysik. Festschrift für Wolfgang Cramer.'' Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1966. * ''Rationale Metaphysik. Die Philosophie von Wolfgang Cramer.'' ** Vol.. 1: Hans Radermacher, Peter Reisinger (Ed.), Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1987, {{ISBN|3-608-91444-7}}. ** Vol.. 2. Hans Radermacher, Peter Reisinger, Jürgen Stolzenberg (Ed.), Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1990, {{ISBN|3-608-91469-2}}. * Konrad Cramer: ''Überlegungen zu Hans-Dieter Kleins Auseinandersetzung mit Wolfgang Cramers „Grundlegung einer Theorie des Geistes“.'' In: ''Wiener Jahrbuch für Philosophie.'' 42 (2010), pp.&nbsp;221–234. * Dieter Henrich: ''Über System und Methode von Cramers deduktiver Monadologie.'' In: ''Philosophische Rundschau.'' 6 (1958), pp.&nbsp;237–263. * Wolfgang Kersting: ''Monade und Bewußtsein. Die monadologische Subjektivitätskonzeption Wolfgang Cramers.'' In: Albert Heinekamp (Ed.): ''Beiträge zur Wirkungs- und Rezeptionsgeschichte von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.'' Steiner Wiesbaden, Stuttgart 1986, {{ISBN|3-515-04350-0}}, pp.&nbsp;346–368. (Studia Leibnitiana: Supplementa; 26) * Hans-Dieter Klein: ''Anorganische Natur und Deszendenztheorie – zwei offene Fragen in Wolfgang Cramers monadologischer Fundierung der Transzendentalphilosophie.'' In: ''Wiener Jahrbuch für Philosophie.'' 21 (1989), pp.&nbsp;7–11. * Helmut Kuhn: ''Wolfgang Cramer: Die Monade. Das philosophische Problem vom Ursprung.'' Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1954. In: ''Philosophische Rundschau.'' 3 (1955), pp.&nbsp;208–223. * Rainer Lambrecht: ''Die Hegel-Kritik Wolfgang Cramers. Das Sein als der Punkt der Differenz.'' In: ''Hegel-Jahrbuch.'' 1992, pp.&nbsp;279–293. * Rudolf Lindpointner: ''Die transzendentale Subjekts- und Erkenntnistheorie im 20. Jahrhundert. Darstellung und Kritik. Neukantianismus, Husserl, Hönigswald, Cramer, Heidegger.'' Salzburg, Univ., Diss. 1981. Salzburg 1981, pp.&nbsp;87–107. * Tobias Müller: ''Das Subjekt und das Absolute. Zur Aktualität der Philosophie Wolfgang Cramers.'' Verlag Karl Alber, Freiburg i.B. 2020, {{ISBN|3-495-49113-9}}. * Tobias Müller: ''God As Creator of Natural Laws: On the Relation of the Absolute and the Contingent World.'' Neue Zeitschrift Für Systematische Theologie Und Religionsphilosophie 59, no. 4 (2017): 468–481. doi:10.1515/nzsth-2017-0027 * Peter Reisinger: ''W. Cramers Vermittlungsversuch oder die transzendentale Ontologie.'' In: P. R.: ''Idealismus als Bildtheorie. Untersuchungen zur Grundlegung einer Zeichentheorie''. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1979, {{ISBN|3-12-912020-3}}, pp.&nbsp;30–63. * Peter Reisinger: ''Wolfgang Cramers Destruktionsversuch der Hegelschen Dialektik.'' In: Dieter Henrich (Ed.): ''Metaphysik nach Kant? Stuttgarter Hegel-Kongreß 1987.'' Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1988, {{ISBN|3-608-91492-7}}, pp.&nbsp;343–363. * Rüdiger Schmelz: ''Subjektivität und Leiblichkeit. Die psycho-physische Einheit in der Philosophie Wolfgang Cramers.'' Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1991, {{ISBN|3-88479-576-7}}. (Pommersfeldener Beiträge : Sonderbd.; 5) * Josef Schmucker: ''Wolfgang Cramers Widerlegung der Gottesbeweiskritik Kants.'' In: ''Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie.'' 52 (1970), pp.&nbsp;287–301. * Jürgen Stolzenberg: ''Wolfgang Cramer.'' In: Julian Nida-Rümelin, Elif Özmen (Ed.): ''Philosophie der Gegenwart in Einzeldarstellungen'' (= ''Kröners Taschenausgabe.'' Vol. 423). 3., revised ed. Kröner, Stuttgart 2007, {{ISBN|978-3-520-42303-0}}, pp.&nbsp;92–98. * Falk Wagner: ''„Vernunft ist die Bedingung der Offenbarung“. Zur theologischen Bedeutung von Wolfgang Cramers Theorie des Absoluten.'' In: Dietrich Korsch (Ed.): ''Wahrheit und Versöhnung. Theologische und philosophische Beiträge zur Gotteslehre.'' Gütersloher Verl.-Haus Mohn, Gütersloh 1989, pp.&nbsp;98–121. * Hans Wagner: ''Ist Metaphysik des Transzendenten möglich? (Zu W. Cramers Philosophie des Absoluten).'' In: Dieter Henrich, Hans Wagner (Ed.): ''Subjektivität und Metaphysik. Festschrift für Wolfgang Cramer.'' Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1966, pp.&nbsp;290–326; wieder in: Hans Wagner: ''Kritische Philosophie. Kritische Philosophie Systematische und historische Abhandlungen''. Ed. von Karl Bärthlein und Werner Flach. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1980, {{ISBN|3-88479-019-6}}, pp.&nbsp;425–445. * Gunther Wenz: ''Ich und das Absolute. Wolfgang Cramers philosophische Theologie im Kontext seiner transzendentalontologischen Subjektivitätstheorie.'' In: Ders. (Ed.): ''Vom wahrhaft Unendlichen. Metaphysik und Theologie bei Wolfhart Pannenberg'' (Pannenberg-Studien 2), Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016, {{ISBN|3-525-56027-3}}, pp.&nbsp;379–442. * Reiner Wiehl: ''Denkpsychologie und Denkontologie. Richard Hönigswalds und Wolfgang Cramers Philosophien der Subjektivität.'' In: Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik (Ed.): ''Erkennen – Monas – Sprache. Internationales Richard-Hönigswald-Symposion Kassel 1995.'' Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1997, {{ISBN|3-8260-1311-5}}, pp.&nbsp;97–117. (Studien und Materialien zum Neukantianismus; 9) * Ernest Wolf-Gazo: ''Rational Metaphysics. The Philosophy of Wolfgang Cramer.'' In: ''Philosophy and History'' 23 (1990) no. 1, pp.&nbsp;46–46. * Kurt Walter Zeidler: ''Kritische Dialektik und Transzendentalontologie. Der Ausgang des Neukantianismus und die post-neukantianische Systematik R. Hönigswalds, W. Cramers, B. Bauchs, H. Wagners, R. Reinigers und E. Heintels.'' Bouvier, Bonn 1995, {{ISBN|3-416-02518-0}}, pp.&nbsp;139–171 u. p.&nbsp;334. == Njikọ mpụga == * Literature by and about Wolfgang Cramer in the German National Library catalogue * Archiv für Systematische Philosophie ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20240831222935/https://phaidon.philo.at/asp/wcramer.htm#ll Wolfgang Cramer]'', short biography with picture and index of writings == Ntụaka == <references /> f48zthu2duh0ta69s5apddq3sba4jta 0 51487 692279 187247 2026-07-29T18:10:56Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT and Databox 692279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Felix Halfon''' ( Hebrew , amuru 7 Eprel 1972) bu onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Israel. == Mkpebi mbubata ọgwụ ọjọọ == N'August 2003, e jidere Halfon ka ọ na-ebuba cocaine na ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba ụwa nke Ben Gurion . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.one.co.il/Article/40545.html|title=פליקס חלפון נעצר בחשד להברחת קוקאין|work=פליקס חלפון נעצר בחשד להברחת קוקאין|date=20 August 2003}}</ref> Na 2004 a mara Felix ikpe maka afọ 4.5 n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mana a tọhapụrụ ya na June 2006 mgbe afọ 2.5 gasịrị maka àgwà ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.one.co.il/Article/77455.html|title=פליקס חלפון: "אני יוצא לדרך טובה"|work=פליקס חלפון: "אני יוצא לדרך טובה"|date=8 June 2006}}</ref> == Nkwanye ugwu == * '''Iko steeti (1):''' ** 1999 * '''Liga Gimel (Sharon) (1):''' ** 2011-12 == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Felix Halfon – Israel Football Association league player details {{DEFAULTSORT:Halfon, Felix}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ik5nomki890fc2r4a258gyt93jchpnb 0 52096 692378 199313 2026-07-29T22:11:34Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort and databox 692378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Farida Bemba Nabourema''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1990) bụ onye [[Togo]] na-ahụ maka [[Ikike mmadụ|Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ]] na onye edemede nke lụrụ ọgụ maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Togo kemgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 20, o guzobere òtù "Faure Must Go", na-akpọ oku maka nguzogide obodo maka ọdịmma nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. E bipụtara ya na 2014, akwụkwọ edemede ya La Pression de l'Oppression (The Pressure of Oppression) na-agba ume iguzogide ndị a na-emegbu emegbu. <ref name="ted">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ted.com/speakers/farida_nabourema|title=Farida Nabourema|publisher=TED|accessdate=17 February 2020|language=}}</ref><ref name="nr">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/10/farida-nabourema-daughter-of-togo/|title=Daughter of Togo|author=Nordlinger, Jay|publisher=National Review|date=22 October 2018|accessdate=17 February 2020|language=}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, a nabatara Nabourema dị ka "Onye Nkwado nke Afọ (Nwanyị) " site na Africa Youth Awards . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thebftonline.com/2018/business/winners-announced-for-2017-africa-youth-awards/|title=Winners Announced For 2017 Africa Youth Awards|publisher=B&FT|date=4 January 2018|accessdate=17 February 2020|language=}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ ya na 19 Eprel 1990 na Lomé, Farida Bemba Nabourema gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na baccalauréat na 2007, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ gụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Lomé . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://afrocentricity.info/author/fbnabourema|title=Farida Bemba|publisher=Afrocentricity|accessdate=17 February 2020|language=French}}</ref> Ọ tolitere n'okpuru ọchịchị mmegbu nke Gnassingbé Eyadéma ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2005. Nwa ya nwoke, onye ọchịchị aka ike Faure Gnassingbé nọchiri ya. A tara nna Farida Nabourema ahụhụ nke ukwuu n'afọ 2003 mgbe ọ dị naanị afọ iri na atọ. N'ihi ya, ọ ghọrọ onye nnupụisi n'onwe ya.<ref name="nr"/> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, ọ kwagara na United States ebe ọ gụrụ mmekọrịta mba ụwa na American University School of International Service na [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name="nr"/> Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, o guzobere òtù "Faure Must Go", na-ahazi mmegide megide Faure Gnassingbé. Kemgbe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ okwu mmegide nke òtù nnupụisi nke Togo.<ref name="ted"/> Nabourema enwebeghị ike ịlaghachi n'ala nne ya n'ihi na ndụ ya nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ugbu a, ọ na-aga site na mba gaa na mba ọzọ, na-edebe blọọgụ ya na-ewu ewu ma na-akpọ oku maka mmegide megide ọchịchị Faure. O kwuru n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, sị: "Mgbe m lere anya n'àjà niile e mere maka anyị iji nweta nke a, site n'ọgbọ nna m ruo n'ọzọ nna m na ugbu a ruo n'aka nke m, enwere m ekele na olileanya. ... Olileanya na Togo ebe nwa amaala ọ bụla nwere ike ịchọ ịghọ onye isi ala n'atụghị egwu ịbọ ọbọ ma ọ bụ ọnwụ. " <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/13/africa/farida-nabourema-togo-activist/index.html|title=Faure must go: How one Togolese woman is risking her life to end the 50-year Gnassingbé dynasty|publisher=CNN|author=Mahtani, Melissa|date=13 June 2018|accessdate=17 February 2020|language=}}</ref> == Ntuaka == 1. "Farida Nabourema". TED. Eweputara 17 Febuwari 2020. 2. Nordlinger,Jay(22 oktoba 2018). "Ada togo". nyocha mba. Eweputara 17 Febuwari 2020. 3. "Akwupụtala ndị mmeri maka 2017 African Youth Award". B&FT. 4 Jenuwari 2018. Eweputara 17 Febuwari 2020. 4. "Farida Bemba" ( na French). Afrocentricity. Eweputara 17 Febuwari 2020. 5. Mahtani, Melissa (13 junn 2018). "Faure ga ala: ka otu nwanyị togo si etinye ndụ ya n'ihe ize ndụ iji kwụsị afọ 50 Gnassingbe dinasty". CNN. Eweputara 17 Febuwari 2020. == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240320190700/https://www.faridanabourema.org/ Blog Farida Bemba Nabourema] {{DEFAULTSORT:Nabourema, Farida}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] kipvqh69k5evldpv4qhy652w1kgbwbe 0 52180 692315 188422 2026-07-29T19:07:53Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|image=|alt=|caption=|office=[[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]|constituency=[[Uttar Pradesh]]|term_start=03 April 2018|predecessor=[[Pramod Tiwari]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])|birth_name=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1964|7|5|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Ballikurava]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India|party=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|occupation=[[Politician]], businessman, [[psephologist]]|father=G.Venkateswara Rao|mother=G. Chowdeswari|residence=Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070|spouse=Mydhili Rao|education=B.Sc.(Agriculture), P.G. Diploma in Rural Management (PGDRM)|alma_mater=Agricultural College, [[Bapatla]], Andhra Pradesh; [[Institute of Rural Management Anand]], [[Anand, Gujarat]]|term_end=02 April 2024|successor=[[Sanjay Seth (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Sanjay Seth]]}} Guntupalli Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha Rao bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India nke Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[1] Ọ bụ onye otu Rajya Sabha, ụlọ elu nke ndị omeiwu India, na-anọchite anya steeti Uttar Pradesh. == Oge ọ malitere == Obodo nna nna GVL Narasimha Rao bụ Ballikurava na Bapatla district nke Andhra Pradesh ebe nna ya jere ozi dị ka Panchayat Sarpanch afọ iri atọ.[2] Rao sitere na Narasaraopet, isi obodo Palnadu district, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ruo Intermediate. O mechara nweta akara ugo mmụta Agricultural BSc na Bapatla Agricultural College na MBA ya (PGDRM) sitere na Institute of Rural Management Anand, na Gujarat.<ref name="GVL - Man with a nose for political trends">{{Cite news|author=The Pynr|first=|title=GVL - Man with a nose for political trends|url=https://pynr.in/article/dil-se-gvl-man-with-a-nose-for-political-trends|accessdate=27 February 2022|date=2020|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Rao jere ozi dị ka onye nkwuchite mba nke kọmitii etiti nke BJP, nke onye bụbu onye isi ala Amit Shah na-achị ma na-apụtakarị na netwọkụ telivishọn mba na-anọchite anya BJP nke onye isi ala J.P. Nadda na-edu na isiokwu ndị dị mkpa.[4] Rao bụ onye isi otu BJP na Andhra Pradesh na onye otu kọmitii isi nke otu na Andhra Pradesh na-ekpebi ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na amụma otu n'okwu dị iche iche. Rao bụ onye otu kọmitii dị mkpa dị iche iche nke ndị omeiwu; Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ego, Kọmitii nke Ihe Ndị Ruuru n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ ma bụrụ onye otu Spices Board, Tobacco Board na Onye isi oche nke Chilli Task Force Committee of the Spices Board. A họpụtara Rao ka ọ bụrụ onye Rajya Sabha site na Uttar Pradesh na Machị 2018. == Ebem si dee == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, G. V. L. Narasimha}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 55lklavudmisb4o1ihehlolakxfxkak 0 52189 692312 188433 2026-07-29T19:03:35Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|||website=}} Gangula Prathapa Reddy bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India. A họpụtara ya na Lok Sabha, ụlọ omebe iwu nke India site na Nandyal na Andhra Pradesh dị ka onye so na Indian National Congress na 1991. Mana ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'oche ahụ iji mee ka onye isi ala P. V. Narasimha Rao nwee ike ịzọ ọkwa a site na 1991. ntuli aka wee họpụta ya na nzuko omeiwu.[1][2][3] Ọ sonyeere Bharatiya Janata Party na 2019. <ref name="Business Standard News 2019">{{Cite web|title=TDP leader Gangula Prathap Reddy joins BJP|work=Business Standard News|date=1 Aug 2019|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/tdp-leader-gangula-prathap-reddy-joins-bjp-119080101862_1.html|accessdate=25 Mar 2023}}</ref> == Edensibịa== {{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, G. Prathap}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] d20y6plk05ueq9emthxqvssoy6mwswq 692314 692312 2026-07-29T19:05:04Z Anastesia chi 23720 Added databox 692314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gangula Prathapa Reddy bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India. A họpụtara ya na Lok Sabha, ụlọ omebe iwu nke India site na Nandyal na Andhra Pradesh dị ka onye so na Indian National Congress na 1991. Mana ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'oche ahụ iji mee ka onye isi ala P. V. Narasimha Rao nwee ike ịzọ ọkwa a site na 1991. ntuli aka wee họpụta ya na nzuko omeiwu.[1][2][3] Ọ sonyeere Bharatiya Janata Party na 2019. <ref name="Business Standard News 2019">{{Cite web|title=TDP leader Gangula Prathap Reddy joins BJP|work=Business Standard News|date=1 Aug 2019|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/tdp-leader-gangula-prathap-reddy-joins-bjp-119080101862_1.html|accessdate=25 Mar 2023}}</ref> == Edensibịa== {{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, G. Prathap}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] a4ypmg541jgxdzwdcua5zymouxzwo8m 0 52289 692488 188554 2026-07-30T08:55:13Z Anastesia chi 23720 692488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gabriel Denwang Wangsu bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye nta akụkọ India. <ref name="a1">{{Cite news|work=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Tirap-and-Longding-to-witness-tough-fight-in-assembly-polls/articleshow/33057353.cms|title=Tirap and Longding to witness tough fight in assembly polls|date=1 April 2014|accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="a2">''New Indian Express''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20141113090214/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/North-east-Bypolls-a-Litmus-Test-for-BJP/2014/10/15/article2477803.ece North-east Bypolls a Litmus Test for BJP]''</ref> Wangsu meriri oche Kanubari na ntuli aka ndị omebe iwu Arunachal Pradesh nke 2009. O guzoro dị ka onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi People's Party of Arunachal, na-enweta votu 4,189 (46.30%) wee gụchaa n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'azụ onye isi India National Congress Newlai Tingkhatra . <ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2009 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH]''</ref> Ọ zọkwasara oche Kanubari ọzọ na ntuli aka ndị omebe iwu Arunachal Pradesh nke 2014, guzo dị ka onye nweere onwe ya.[1] Tingkhatra meriri ya ọzọ, jiri votu 2,756 gụchara n'ọkwa nke atọ.[4] Tingkhatra nwụrụ obere oge ka e kwupụtachara nsonaazụ ya. Wangsu guzoro dị ka onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi National Congress nke India na ntuli aka nke 15 October 2014 iji mejupụta oche Kanubari nwere ohere.[2][5][6] A họpụtara ya site na vootu 5,231.<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20141103060430/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0258.htm?ac=58 Constituencywise-All Candidates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103060430/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0258.htm?ac=58|date=3 November 2014}}''</ref> == Edensibịa == {{DEFAULTSORT:Wangsu, Gabriel Denwang}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rpv3ch00sz5b54scx6o569mx2nbiimw 0 52312 692395 656563 2026-07-29T22:48:17Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added databox 692395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abdelkader Fassi Fehri''' ([[Arabic]]) bụ onye [[Morocco|Moroccan]] na-asụ asụsụ (amụrụ na 20 Eprel 1947) bụ ọkachamara na syntax nke Arabic. Ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke Arabic na Comparative Linguistics na Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences na Director nke Institute for Study and Research on Arabization na Mahadum Mohammed V, na ntọala Onye isi oche nke Linguistic Society of Morocco.<ref name="KFP">{{Cite web|url=https://kingfaisalprize.org/professor-abdelkader-fassi-fehri/|title=King Faisal Prize}}</ref> == Nnabata na mmetụta == N'afọ 2006, ọ meriri ihe nrite Eze Faisal maka Asụsụ na Akwụkwọ Arabik . <ref name="KFP"/>{{Cite web|url=https://kingfaisalprize.org/professor-abdelkader-fassi-fehri/|title=King Faisal Prize}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://kingfaisalprize.org/professor-abdelkader-fassi-fehri/ "King Faisal Prize"].</cite></ref> Na 2013, a na-enwe ogbako mba ụwa maka nsọpụrụ ya, bụ nke onye isi ala Moroccan Abdelillah Benkirane sonyere.<ref name="hommage">{{Cite web|url=https://www.libe.ma/Hommage-au-linguiste-Abdelkader-Fassi-Fihri_a36582.html|title=Hommage au linguiste Abdelkader Fassi Fehri|accessdate=2024-09-18|archivedate=2024-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918000101/https://www.libe.ma/Hommage-au-linguiste-Abdelkader-Fassi-Fihri_a36582.html}}</ref> == Ntụaka == # "King Faisal Prize". # "Hommag au linguiste Abdelkader Fassi Fehri".{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Fassi Fehri, Abdelkader}} n84ec8v6thgbotoot1mwao0tkcpuvjh 0 52313 692399 538931 2026-07-29T22:54:44Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort and databox 692399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fathallah Oualalou''' (Arabic) (amụrụ n'afọ 1942 na Rabat) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2006-09-27|title=M. Fathallah Oualalou|url=http://www.mincom.gov.ma/french/minister/biographies/FathallahOualalou.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927221651/http://www.mincom.gov.ma/french/minister/biographies/FathallahOualalou.htm|archivedate=2006-09-27|accessdate=2024-09-17|work=mincom.gov.ma}}</ref> bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Morocco|Moroccan]]. Ọ bụ onye isi obodo Rabat site na 2009 ruo 2015. Ọ bụ Minista nke akụ na ụba na ego nke [[Morocco]] n'etiti Machị 1998 na Ọktoba 2007. <ref name="finmins">{{Cite web|url=https://www.finances.gov.ma/fr/Ministere/Pages/nos-anciens-ministres.aspx|title=Nos anciens ministres|author=MEF - Royaume du Maroc|work=www.finances.gov.ma}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP). Oualalou gụsịrị akwụkwọ na akụ na ụba na Mahadum Mohammed V dị na Rabat, wee gaa n'ihu nweta "Diplôme d'études supérieures" (DES) na akụ na akụ na uche na Paris na 1966. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya dị ka onye enyemaka na Mahadum Mohammed V, n'afọ ndị 1960 ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Union nationale des étudiants du Maroc na onye isi nke Confederation of Maghreb Students . <ref name=":0" /><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060927221651/http://www.mincom.gov.ma/french/minister/biographies/FathallahOualalou.htm "M. Fathallah Oualalou"]. ''mincom.gov.ma''. 27 September 2006. Archived from [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/french/minister/biographies/FathallahOualalou.htm the original] on 27 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Ntụaka == # "M. Fathallah Oualalou". mincom.gov.ma. 27 septemba 2006. Ewetara site na nke izizi na 27 septemba 2006. Eweputara 17 septemba 2024. # MEF-Royaume du Maroc. "Nos anciens ministres". www.finances. == Hụkwa == * ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Morocco {{DEFAULTSORT:Oualalou, Fathallah}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 87uonxiwvhfoc5ttlu339ingv18xin9 0 52609 692103 450169 2026-07-29T17:41:44Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game|title=21: Two One|image=21-Two One|alt=|caption=Limited edition Dreamcast cover|developer=BasiL|publisher=BasiL (Windows)<br>[[PrincessSoft]] (DC)|series=|engine=|platforms=[[Microsoft Windows]], [[Dreamcast]]|released='''Microsoft Windows'''{{vgrelease|JP|May 25, 2001}}'''Dreamcast'''{{vgrelease|JP|December 27, 2001 (DC)}}|genre=[[Visual novel]]|modes=[[Single-player]]}}'''''21: Abụọ Otu bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe omimi igbu ọchụ nke Japan mepụtara BasiL, ewepụtara ya dị ka egwuregwu PC okenye maka Microsoft Windows na Mee 25, 2001. Egwuregwu ahụ bụ nkeji nke abụọ site na BasiL, na mgbe emechara 21: Abụọ Otu, BasiL gara n'ihu ịmepụta eroge nke atọ na nke ikpeazụ, Cherry Petals Fall Like Teardrops, tupu ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ a na-akpọ Navel. Akụkọ a na-esote otu nwa okorobịa a na-akpọ Takuya Kirishima, onye bụ ọkachamara na-awa ahụ ma na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ya na enyi ya bụ Seri Sakaki na nwata, agbanyeghị, otu ụbọchị e gburu igbu mmadụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, Takuya na-agbalịkwa idozi ihe omimi ahụ. Egwuregwu egwuregwu na 21: Abụọ Otu na-enye ahịrị atụmatụ alaka, yana igodo nhọrọ ọtụtụ, ebe onye ọkpụkpọ nwere ike nweta ngwụcha ngwụcha.''''' ''21: Abụọ Otu'' nwere ezigbo ahịa, na-amalite na No. 2 na ọkwa, nke mere na ọkara nke abụọ nke Mee 2001. Ọ bụ Aoi Nishimata chepụtara ma dọrọ ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide egwuregwu ahụ. E nyere diski ndị na-akwado ya pụrụ iche dị ka ego tupu ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-agụnye ihe ọzọ akpọrọ 210: Two One Zero. E bipụtara mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ, dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ na ụda olu mbụ. == Egwuregwu == 21: Abụọ Otu bụ akụkọ ịhụnanya na igbu ọchụ na-ahụ anya ebe onye ọkpụkpọ na-ewere ọrụ nke Takuya Kirishima, onye bụ isi egwuregwu. Ọtụtụ n'ime egwuregwu ya na-eji agụ akụkọ na mkparịta ụka egwuregwu. Ihe odide na-esonyere ihe osise, nke Takuya nwere ike ikwurịta okwu, n'elu ihe osise ndabere. N'ime egwuregwu ahụ, onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ ga-ezute Ihe osise CG, nke na-anọchi ihe osise na ihe osise. Egwuregwu ahụ na-agbaso egwuregwu ọhụụ ọhụụ, nke pụtara na onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ nwere ike iru njedebe dị iche iche, na dabere na mkpebi onye ọkpịsị na-eme n'oge egwuregwu ahụ, atụmatụ ahụ ga-aga n'ihu n'otu ntụziaka. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ n'egwuregwu ahụ, mgbe onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ na onye ọzọ na-ekwurịta okwu, a ga-enye ha nhọrọ ndị a: "Trust", "Normal", na "Suspicion" (dị ka L.A. Noire). <ref name="You's Review">{{Cite web|title=You's Game Review for 21: Two One|url=http://you2game.s10.xrea.com/review/twoone.htm|publisher=You's Game Review|accessdate=July 22, 2014|language=Japanese}}</ref> Njem a ga-emetụta njedebe onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ nwetara.<ref name="You's Review" /> N'ime egwuregwu egwuregwu, a na-enye onye ọkpụkpọ ọtụtụ nhọrọ ịhọrọ site na, na agamnihu ederede na-akwụsịtụ n'oge ndị a ruo mgbe emepụtara nhọrọ. Iji lelee ahịrị nkata niile n'ozuzu ya, onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ ga-emegharị egwuregwu ahụ ọtụtụ oge wee họrọ nhọrọ dị iche iche iji mee ka atụmatụ ahụ gaa n'ụzọ ọzọ. Onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ ga-ezutekwa egwu egwu dị iche iche (BGM) n'oge egwuregwu niile, BGM dị iche iche ga-egwu dabere na ikuku ma ọ bụ ụda ihe nkiri ahụ. A na-ekwupụta mkpụrụedemede niile na egwuregwu ahụ, ewezuga onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Takuya na ụfọdụ agwa. == Ihe omuma na ihe omuma == Takuya Kirishima bụ dọkịta na-awa ahụ nke nwere nkà nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ na-eme nke a iji nyere ndị nọ ná mkpa aka. O kpebiri ịghọ dọkịta mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị. Takuya na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ enyi ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata Seri Sakaki, onye na-arụkọ ọrụ dị ka nọọsụ n'otu ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ. Ọ bụ naanị onye ghọtara ihe mgbu Takuya nke ọma, wee ghọọ onye nọọsụ iji nyere ya aka. Seri bụ n'ozuzu nwa agbọghọ nwere obi ụtọ, obi ụtọ, mana mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-eme ihe ike.<ref name="Character Profiles" /> Takuya na-arụkwa ọrụ n'akụkụ Momiji Kikyou (汽京 紅葉, nke: Kotono Mitsuishi), onye dọkịta. Ọ bụ onye nwere omume ọma, onye na-eche echiche nke ọma, ma na-agbaso ihe nlereanya nne ya, onye bụ dọkịta nwere nkà.<ref name="Character Profiles" /> Takuya nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ, otu bụ Mio Futami (二見 美魚, nke: Yura Hinata kwuru), na nke ọzọ, Mao Futami (兩見 真魚, nke Miki Nagasawa kwuru). Mio bụ nwanne nwanyị dị nro, na nke nwere mmetụta ịhụnanya, onye na-arịa ọrịa na-egbu egbu a na-amaghị ama. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ike ibi ndụ dị ka o kwesịrị ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ nweghịzi ọrịa.<ref name="Character Profiles">{{Cite web|title=21: Two One Character Profiles on Dreamcast Official Site|url=http://www.oaks-soft.co.jp/princess-soft/21twoone/21chara.html|publisher=[[PrincessSoft]]|accessdate=July 20, 2014|language=Japanese|archivedate=September 9, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909064620/http://www.oaks-soft.co.jp/princess-soft/21twoone/21chara.html}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true"> (in Japanese). [[PrincessSoft]]. Archived from on September 9, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)]]</ref> Mao bụ nwanne nwanyị nke ọzọ, mana n'adịghị ka nwanne ya nwanyị nke obere, ọ bụ onye na-adịghị emekọrịta ihe na onye na-enweghị mmetụta, Otú ọ dị, ọ bụkwa onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ọ dịkwa obiọma mgbe ọ chọrọ ịbụ.<ref name="Character Profiles" /> Yuina Tachibana bụ onye nọọsụ ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ọnọdụ ya yiri nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri, mgbe nwanne ya nwoke nwụsịrị, o kpebiri ịghọ dọkịta. O nwere àgwà siri ike, ma kpebisie ike.<ref name="Character Profiles" /> Ihe odide ndị ọzọ gụnyere Konoha Ichinose (一ノ瀬 木葉, nke: Omi Minami kwuru), obere nwa agbọghọ na-eme ihe ọjọọ nke nwere ndidi n'ụlọ ọgwụ, <ref name="Character Profiles" /> na Kasumi Mihara (三原 香澄, nke: Mayumi Iizuka kwuru), enyi Konoha siri ike nke na-eleta ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name="Character Profiles" /> Otu ụbọchị, a na-egbu ọchụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, na kemgbe ihe omume ahụ, ndị dị iche iche na-amalite na-arịa ọrịa dị iche iche, nke a na-amaghị. Takuya na-agba mbọ ịchọ azịza maka ihe kpatara nke a ji eme, iji chebe Seri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=21: Two One Story on Dreamcast Official Site|url=http://www.oaks-soft.co.jp/princess-soft/21twoone/index.html|publisher=[[PrincessSoft]]|accessdate=July 20, 2014|language=Japanese|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908000624/http://www.oaks-soft.co.jp/princess-soft/21twoone/index.html|archivedate=September 8, 2014}}</ref> == Mmepe na ntọhapụ == 21: Abụọ Otu bụ ọrụ nke abụọ nke BasiL, mgbe akwụkwọ ọhụụ mbụ ha Bless: Close Your Eyes, Open Your Mind. Aoi Nishimata, Koma Toeji, na Satomi Hinako nyere atụmatụ njirimara. <ref name="Staff Information">{{Cite web|title=21: Two One Staff Information on Erogamescape|url=http://erogamescape.dyndns.org/~ap2/ero/toukei_kaiseki/game.php?game=1432#ad|publisher=Erogamescape|accessdate=July 20, 2014|language=Japanese}}</ref> Koma Toeja mepụtara ihe odide abụọ ahụ bụ Konoha Ichinose, na Momiji Kikyou, Satomi Hinako mepụtara Mihara Kasumi, onye na-akwado egwuregwu ahụ, na Aoi Nishimata mepụtara ihe ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Staff Information" /> Ago Baria na Ou Jackson bụ ndị edemede maka egwuregwu ahụ. <ref name="Staff Information" /> Ago Baria rụrụ ọrụ na isi ihe nkiri ahụ, ebe Ou Jackson rụrụ ọrụ na bonus ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref name="Staff Information" /> N'ikpeazụ, ọ bụ Coldhand, KING, Yūji Naitō, na Atchorike na-eduzi egwu.<ref name="Staff Information" /> Mgbe 21: Abụọ Otu gasịrị, BasiL gara n'ihu mepụta ọrụ ikpeazụ ha Cherry Petals Fall Like Teardrops, tupu ha amalite ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ a na-akpọ Navel, nke ga-aga n'ihu na-emepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ọhụụ dị ka Shuffle! na Oretachi ni Tsubasa wa Nai. BasiL wepụtara 21: Abụọ Otu dị ka mbipụta akwụkwọ nta akụkọ mbụ na Mee 25, 2001, [1] yana dị ka mbipụta oge niile na June 8, 2001, maka PC.[2] E kesara egwuregwu PC dị ka CD abụọ, a pụkwara ịkpọ ya na Windows 98, Windows 2K, na Windows ME.[3] Na Disemba 27, 2001, ewepụtara ma mbipụta oge niile na mbipụta mbipụta mbụ nke egwuregwu ahụ maka Dreamcast site na PrincessSoft, [4] na ụdị ọzọ nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Dreamcast nke egwuregwu ahụ akpọrọ 21: Abụọ Otu DreKore ka ewepụtara na Ọktoba 31. , 2002.[4] 21: Abụọ Otu DreKore bụ ntọhapụ Dorikore, nke a makwaara dị ka mkpokọta Dreamcast, nke bụ akara mmefu ego enyere ka ewepụtara Sega Dreamcast egwuregwu na Japan. == Mgbasa ozi == A tọhapụrụ diski ndị na-akwado egwuregwu pụrụ iche n'akụkụ egwuregwu mbụ ahụ na Mee 25, 2001, dị ka ego mmeri nke Messesan'o.<ref name="DTI Review">{{Cite web|title=21: Two One Review on DTI|url=http://www.sol.dti.ne.jp/~mushi/review/twoone.html|publisher=DTI|accessdate=July 22, 2014|language=Japanese}}</ref> O nwere ihe omume ọzọ akpọrọ 210: Two One Zero . <ref name="DTI Review" /> Diski ndị na-akwado ya na-agụnyekwa ndụmọdụ na ịghọ aghụghọ, akwụkwọ mgbidi, na onye na-ekiri ihe nkiri.<ref name="DTI Review" /> A 238-page light novel adaptation ( ), e bipụtara site Harvest na Jenụwarị 1, 2002, n'okpuru ha Harvest Novels imprint. <ref name="Light Novel">{{Cite book|title=21: Two One Light Novel on Amazon.jp|id={{ASIN|443401563X|country=jp}}|language=Japanese}}</ref>  Ọ bụ Nikaido Kageyama dere ya, Aoi Nishimata, otu n'ime ndị isi na-emepụta ihe maka egwuregwu ahụ, sere ya.<ref name="Light Novel" /> Na Ọktoba 3, 2001, CATS bipụtara ụda egwu izizi maka egwuregwu ahụ, nke King Records kesara ya.[1] O nwere otu diski nke egwu iri abụọ na isii, ogologo diski ahụ n'ozuzu ya dịkwa nkeji iri asaa na atọ na sekọnd ise.[1] Egwu a gụnyere isiokwu mmeghe, "EZIOKWU NA FATE", nke Maiko Katsuta bụrụ, na isiokwu ngwụcha, "Ụbọchị Ụtụtụ", nke Nori bụrụ.<ref name="Soundtrack">{{Cite web|title=21: Two One Original Sound Track|url=http://vgmdb.net/album/1556|publisher=VGMdb|accessdate=July 21, 2014}}</ref> == Nnakwere == Dịka ọkwa ahịa nke egwuregwu bishọjo nke PCNews na-eduzi, 21: Abụọ mbụ malitere na No. 2 na ọkwa, nke weere ọnọdụ na ọkara nke abụọ nke May 2001.[1] Edebere egwuregwu ahụ ọzọ wee họpụta ya na nke 2 n'oge ọkara mbụ nke June 2001.[2] Mgbe ahụ, n'ime ọkara nke abụọ nke June 2001, 21: Abụọ One mere otu ngosi eserese ikpeazụ na Nke 50. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peakspub.co.jp/ranking/rank79.html|title=TOP50 PC NEWS No.79（6/18〜7/1）|publisher=Peaks, Inc.|accessdate=September 12, 2014|language=Japanese|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227191633/http://www.peakspub.co.jp/ranking/rank79.html|archivedate=December 27, 2005}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140908000624/http://www.oaks-soft.co.jp/princess-soft/21twoone/index.html Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Dreamcast] (n'asụsụ Japanese) * 21: Two OnenaEbe nchekwa data nke akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-ahụ anya a669zn017eyx6urwdhkk700in9jkf6d 692104 692103 2026-07-29T17:43:21Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game | title = 21: Two One | image = | alt = | caption = Limited edition Dreamcast cover | developer = BasiL | publisher = BasiL (Windows)<br>[[PrincessSoft]] (DC) | series = | engine = | platforms = [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Dreamcast]] | released = '''Microsoft Windows'''{{vgrelease|JP|May 25, 2001}}'''Dreamcast'''{{vgrelease|JP|December 27, 2001 (DC)}} | genre = [[Visual novel]] | modes = [[Single-player]] }}'''''21: Abụọ Otu bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe omimi igbu ọchụ nke Japan mepụtara BasiL, ewepụtara ya dị ka egwuregwu PC okenye maka Microsoft Windows na Mee 25, 2001. Egwuregwu ahụ bụ nkeji nke abụọ site na BasiL, na mgbe emechara 21: Abụọ Otu, BasiL gara n'ihu ịmepụta eroge nke atọ na nke ikpeazụ, Cherry Petals Fall Like Teardrops, tupu ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ a na-akpọ Navel. Akụkọ a na-esote otu nwa okorobịa a na-akpọ Takuya Kirishima, onye bụ ọkachamara na-awa ahụ ma na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ya na enyi ya bụ Seri Sakaki na nwata, agbanyeghị, otu ụbọchị e gburu igbu mmadụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, Takuya na-agbalịkwa idozi ihe omimi ahụ. Egwuregwu egwuregwu na 21: Abụọ Otu na-enye ahịrị atụmatụ alaka, yana igodo nhọrọ ọtụtụ, ebe onye ọkpụkpọ nwere ike nweta ngwụcha ngwụcha.''''' ''21: Abụọ Otu'' nwere ezigbo ahịa, na-amalite na No. 2 na ọkwa, nke mere na ọkara nke abụọ nke Mee 2001. Ọ bụ Aoi Nishimata chepụtara ma dọrọ ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide egwuregwu ahụ. E nyere diski ndị na-akwado ya pụrụ iche dị ka ego tupu ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-agụnye ihe ọzọ akpọrọ 210: Two One Zero. E bipụtara mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ, dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ na ụda olu mbụ. == Egwuregwu == 21: Abụọ Otu bụ akụkọ ịhụnanya na igbu ọchụ na-ahụ anya ebe onye ọkpụkpọ na-ewere ọrụ nke Takuya Kirishima, onye bụ isi egwuregwu. Ọtụtụ n'ime egwuregwu ya na-eji agụ akụkọ na mkparịta ụka egwuregwu. Ihe odide na-esonyere ihe osise, nke Takuya nwere ike ikwurịta okwu, n'elu ihe osise ndabere. N'ime egwuregwu ahụ, onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ ga-ezute Ihe osise CG, nke na-anọchi ihe osise na ihe osise. Egwuregwu ahụ na-agbaso egwuregwu ọhụụ ọhụụ, nke pụtara na onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ nwere ike iru njedebe dị iche iche, na dabere na mkpebi onye ọkpịsị na-eme n'oge egwuregwu ahụ, atụmatụ ahụ ga-aga n'ihu n'otu ntụziaka. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ n'egwuregwu ahụ, mgbe onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ na onye ọzọ na-ekwurịta okwu, a ga-enye ha nhọrọ ndị a: "Trust", "Normal", na "Suspicion" (dị ka L.A. Noire). <ref name="You's Review">{{Cite web|title=You's Game Review for 21: Two One|url=http://you2game.s10.xrea.com/review/twoone.htm|publisher=You's Game Review|accessdate=July 22, 2014|language=Japanese}}</ref> Njem a ga-emetụta njedebe onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ nwetara.<ref name="You's Review" /> N'ime egwuregwu egwuregwu, a na-enye onye ọkpụkpọ ọtụtụ nhọrọ ịhọrọ site na, na agamnihu ederede na-akwụsịtụ n'oge ndị a ruo mgbe emepụtara nhọrọ. Iji lelee ahịrị nkata niile n'ozuzu ya, onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ ga-emegharị egwuregwu ahụ ọtụtụ oge wee họrọ nhọrọ dị iche iche iji mee ka atụmatụ ahụ gaa n'ụzọ ọzọ. Onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ ga-ezutekwa egwu egwu dị iche iche (BGM) n'oge egwuregwu niile, BGM dị iche iche ga-egwu dabere na ikuku ma ọ bụ ụda ihe nkiri ahụ. A na-ekwupụta mkpụrụedemede niile na egwuregwu ahụ, ewezuga onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Takuya na ụfọdụ agwa. == Ihe omuma na ihe omuma == Takuya Kirishima bụ dọkịta na-awa ahụ nke nwere nkà nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ na-eme nke a iji nyere ndị nọ ná mkpa aka. O kpebiri ịghọ dọkịta mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị. Takuya na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ enyi ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata Seri Sakaki, onye na-arụkọ ọrụ dị ka nọọsụ n'otu ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ. Ọ bụ naanị onye ghọtara ihe mgbu Takuya nke ọma, wee ghọọ onye nọọsụ iji nyere ya aka. Seri bụ n'ozuzu nwa agbọghọ nwere obi ụtọ, obi ụtọ, mana mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-eme ihe ike.<ref name="Character Profiles" /> Takuya na-arụkwa ọrụ n'akụkụ Momiji Kikyou (汽京 紅葉, nke: Kotono Mitsuishi), onye dọkịta. Ọ bụ onye nwere omume ọma, onye na-eche echiche nke ọma, ma na-agbaso ihe nlereanya nne ya, onye bụ dọkịta nwere nkà.<ref name="Character Profiles" /> Takuya nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ, otu bụ Mio Futami (二見 美魚, nke: Yura Hinata kwuru), na nke ọzọ, Mao Futami (兩見 真魚, nke Miki Nagasawa kwuru). Mio bụ nwanne nwanyị dị nro, na nke nwere mmetụta ịhụnanya, onye na-arịa ọrịa na-egbu egbu a na-amaghị ama. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ike ibi ndụ dị ka o kwesịrị ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ nweghịzi ọrịa.<ref name="Character Profiles">{{Cite web|title=21: Two One Character Profiles on Dreamcast Official Site|url=http://www.oaks-soft.co.jp/princess-soft/21twoone/21chara.html|publisher=[[PrincessSoft]]|accessdate=July 20, 2014|language=Japanese|archivedate=September 9, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909064620/http://www.oaks-soft.co.jp/princess-soft/21twoone/21chara.html}} [[Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)]]</ref> Mao bụ nwanne nwanyị nke ọzọ, mana n'adịghị ka nwanne ya nwanyị nke obere, ọ bụ onye na-adịghị emekọrịta ihe na onye na-enweghị mmetụta, Otú ọ dị, ọ bụkwa onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ọ dịkwa obiọma mgbe ọ chọrọ ịbụ.<ref name="Character Profiles" /> Yuina Tachibana bụ onye nọọsụ ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ọnọdụ ya yiri nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri, mgbe nwanne ya nwoke nwụsịrị, o kpebiri ịghọ dọkịta. O nwere àgwà siri ike, ma kpebisie ike.<ref name="Character Profiles" /> Ihe odide ndị ọzọ gụnyere Konoha Ichinose (一ノ瀬 木葉, nke: Omi Minami kwuru), obere nwa agbọghọ na-eme ihe ọjọọ nke nwere ndidi n'ụlọ ọgwụ, <ref name="Character Profiles" /> na Kasumi Mihara (三原 香澄, nke: Mayumi Iizuka kwuru), enyi Konoha siri ike nke na-eleta ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name="Character Profiles" /> Otu ụbọchị, a na-egbu ọchụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, na kemgbe ihe omume ahụ, ndị dị iche iche na-amalite na-arịa ọrịa dị iche iche, nke a na-amaghị. Takuya na-agba mbọ ịchọ azịza maka ihe kpatara nke a ji eme, iji chebe Seri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=21: Two One Story on Dreamcast Official Site|url=http://www.oaks-soft.co.jp/princess-soft/21twoone/index.html|publisher=[[PrincessSoft]]|accessdate=July 20, 2014|language=Japanese|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908000624/http://www.oaks-soft.co.jp/princess-soft/21twoone/index.html|archivedate=September 8, 2014}}</ref> == Mmepe na ntọhapụ == 21: Abụọ Otu bụ ọrụ nke abụọ nke BasiL, mgbe akwụkwọ ọhụụ mbụ ha Bless: Close Your Eyes, Open Your Mind. Aoi Nishimata, Koma Toeji, na Satomi Hinako nyere atụmatụ njirimara. <ref name="Staff Information">{{Cite web|title=21: Two One Staff Information on Erogamescape|url=http://erogamescape.dyndns.org/~ap2/ero/toukei_kaiseki/game.php?game=1432#ad|publisher=Erogamescape|accessdate=July 20, 2014|language=Japanese}}</ref> Koma Toeja mepụtara ihe odide abụọ ahụ bụ Konoha Ichinose, na Momiji Kikyou, Satomi Hinako mepụtara Mihara Kasumi, onye na-akwado egwuregwu ahụ, na Aoi Nishimata mepụtara ihe ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Staff Information" /> Ago Baria na Ou Jackson bụ ndị edemede maka egwuregwu ahụ. <ref name="Staff Information" /> Ago Baria rụrụ ọrụ na isi ihe nkiri ahụ, ebe Ou Jackson rụrụ ọrụ na bonus ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref name="Staff Information" /> N'ikpeazụ, ọ bụ Coldhand, KING, Yūji Naitō, na Atchorike na-eduzi egwu.<ref name="Staff Information" /> Mgbe 21: Abụọ Otu gasịrị, BasiL gara n'ihu mepụta ọrụ ikpeazụ ha Cherry Petals Fall Like Teardrops, tupu ha amalite ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ a na-akpọ Navel, nke ga-aga n'ihu na-emepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ọhụụ dị ka Shuffle! na Oretachi ni Tsubasa wa Nai. BasiL wepụtara 21: Abụọ Otu dị ka mbipụta akwụkwọ nta akụkọ mbụ na Mee 25, 2001, [1] yana dị ka mbipụta oge niile na June 8, 2001, maka PC.[2] E kesara egwuregwu PC dị ka CD abụọ, a pụkwara ịkpọ ya na Windows 98, Windows 2K, na Windows ME.[3] Na Disemba 27, 2001, ewepụtara ma mbipụta oge niile na mbipụta mbipụta mbụ nke egwuregwu ahụ maka Dreamcast site na PrincessSoft, [4] na ụdị ọzọ nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Dreamcast nke egwuregwu ahụ akpọrọ 21: Abụọ Otu DreKore ka ewepụtara na Ọktoba 31. , 2002.[4] 21: Abụọ Otu DreKore bụ ntọhapụ Dorikore, nke a makwaara dị ka mkpokọta Dreamcast, nke bụ akara mmefu ego enyere ka ewepụtara Sega Dreamcast egwuregwu na Japan. == Mgbasa ozi == A tọhapụrụ diski ndị na-akwado egwuregwu pụrụ iche n'akụkụ egwuregwu mbụ ahụ na Mee 25, 2001, dị ka ego mmeri nke Messesan'o.<ref name="DTI Review">{{Cite web|title=21: Two One Review on DTI|url=http://www.sol.dti.ne.jp/~mushi/review/twoone.html|publisher=DTI|accessdate=July 22, 2014|language=Japanese}}</ref> O nwere ihe omume ọzọ akpọrọ 210: Two One Zero . <ref name="DTI Review" /> Diski ndị na-akwado ya na-agụnyekwa ndụmọdụ na ịghọ aghụghọ, akwụkwọ mgbidi, na onye na-ekiri ihe nkiri.<ref name="DTI Review" /> A 238-page light novel adaptation ( ), e bipụtara site Harvest na Jenụwarị 1, 2002, n'okpuru ha Harvest Novels imprint. <ref name="Light Novel">{{Cite book|title=21: Two One Light Novel on Amazon.jp|id={{ASIN|443401563X|country=jp}}|language=Japanese}}</ref>  Ọ bụ Nikaido Kageyama dere ya, Aoi Nishimata, otu n'ime ndị isi na-emepụta ihe maka egwuregwu ahụ, sere ya.<ref name="Light Novel" /> Na Ọktoba 3, 2001, CATS bipụtara ụda egwu izizi maka egwuregwu ahụ, nke King Records kesara ya.[1] O nwere otu diski nke egwu iri abụọ na isii, ogologo diski ahụ n'ozuzu ya dịkwa nkeji iri asaa na atọ na sekọnd ise.[1] Egwu a gụnyere isiokwu mmeghe, "EZIOKWU NA FATE", nke Maiko Katsuta bụrụ, na isiokwu ngwụcha, "Ụbọchị Ụtụtụ", nke Nori bụrụ.<ref name="Soundtrack">{{Cite web|title=21: Two One Original Sound Track|url=http://vgmdb.net/album/1556|publisher=VGMdb|accessdate=July 21, 2014}}</ref> == Nnakwere == Dịka ọkwa ahịa nke egwuregwu bishọjo nke PCNews na-eduzi, 21: Abụọ mbụ malitere na No. 2 na ọkwa, nke weere ọnọdụ na ọkara nke abụọ nke May 2001.[1] Edebere egwuregwu ahụ ọzọ wee họpụta ya na nke 2 n'oge ọkara mbụ nke June 2001.[2] Mgbe ahụ, n'ime ọkara nke abụọ nke June 2001, 21: Abụọ One mere otu ngosi eserese ikpeazụ na Nke 50. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peakspub.co.jp/ranking/rank79.html|title=TOP50 PC NEWS No.79（6/18〜7/1）|publisher=Peaks, Inc.|accessdate=September 12, 2014|language=Japanese|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227191633/http://www.peakspub.co.jp/ranking/rank79.html|archivedate=December 27, 2005}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140908000624/http://www.oaks-soft.co.jp/princess-soft/21twoone/index.html Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Dreamcast] (n'asụsụ Japanese) * 21: Two OnenaEbe nchekwa data nke akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-ahụ anya gz8yecr7sop6bh7q3zpn6q0fdu688d8 0 52832 692501 189791 2026-07-30T09:09:30Z Anastesia chi 23720 692501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Gabrielle Fitzpatrick''' (amụrụ 1 February 1967) bụ ihe nkiri Australia na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. O bu ụzọ pụta na ihe nkiri Ịtali ''Via Montenapoleone'' nke Carlo Vanzina na-eduzi, ma kemgbe ọ na-eme ihe nkiri 11, ntinye aka ya na nso nso a bụ na 2017's ''Fatties: Take Down the House'' nke Bob Gordon duziri. Erite telivishọn Fitzpatrick gụnyere ''Lost'', ''24'', na ''NYPD Blue'' . == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | 1995 | ''Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Ihe nkiri'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2482860/that-time-mariska-hargitay-was-fired-from-the-power-rangers-movie|title=That Time Mariska Hargitay Was Fired From The Power Rangers Movie|date=2019-10-22|work=CINEMABLEND|accessdate=2020-04-24}}</ref> | Dulcea | |- | 1995 | ''Ụzọ Blackwater'' | Sandra | |- | 1996 | ''Ụmụ'' | Maria Cassini | |- | 1997 | ''Maazị Nice Guy'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/74126/mr-nice-guy/|title=Mr. Nice Guy (Blu-ray)|work=DVD Talk|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-24}}</ref> | Diana | |- | 1999 | ''Ọkụ'' | Rhonda Reynolds | |- | 2000 | ''Daalụ, Lovehụnanya m'' | Brigit | |- | 2001 | ''Angel ala ala'' | Gillian | |- | 2001 | ''Buck ịgba ọtọ ọkụ'' | Audry Gantry | |- | 2002 | ''Clover Bend'' | Nancy | |- | 2007 | ''The Last Sin Eater''</link> | Bletsung McLeod | |- | 2017 | ''Fatties: Budata ụlọ ahụ'' | Cassandra | Vidiyo, post-mmepụta |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |1991 |''E Street'' |Fiona |3 episodes |- |1991 |''Police Rescue'' |The Waitress |"Mates" |- |1993 |''G.P.'' |Samantha |"A Thousand Flowers: Part 2" |- |1993 |''Paradise Beach'' |Brooke Bannister |TV series |- |1995 |''Fire'' |Susan |"United We Stand" |- |1995-1996 |''{{sortname|The|Man from Snowy River|The Man from Snowy River (TV series)}}'' |Montana Hale |25 episodes |- |1997 |''Roar'' |Vorgeen |"Projector" |- |1997-1998 |''NYPD Blue'' |Naomi Reynolds |Recurring role; 10 episodes |- |1998 |''Frasier'' |Clare |"Where Every Bloke Knows Your Name" |- |1999 |''Legacy'' |Charlotte Bentley Logan |Recurring role |- |2000 |''{{sortname|The|Magicians|nolink=1}}'' |Kiley |TV film |- |2000 |''Nash Bridges'' |Fiona Childs |"Lap Dance" |- |2001 |''Providence'' |Victoria Everdeen |"Magician" |- |2003 |''Dragnet'' |Aunt Maria |"Well Endowed" |- |2004 |''24'' |Diana White |"Day 3: 5:00 a.m.-6:00 a.m." |- |2004 |''North Shore'' |Mrs. Farrell |"Pilot" |- |2006-2007 |''Lost'' |Lindsey |"Two for the Road", "Par Avion" |} == Ntụaka == ihe nkiri 11, ntinye aka ya na nso nso a bụ na 2017's Fatties: Take Down the House nke Bob{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * Gabrielle Fitzpatrick at IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Fitzpatrick, Gabrielle [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] p7y7viz1rj7hjywy2kxpv2ztdnvaz5k 692503 692501 2026-07-30T09:10:21Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort and added databox 692503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Gabrielle Fitzpatrick''' (amụrụ 1 February 1967) bụ ihe nkiri Australia na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. O bu ụzọ pụta na ihe nkiri Ịtali ''Via Montenapoleone'' nke Carlo Vanzina na-eduzi, ma kemgbe ọ na-eme ihe nkiri 11, ntinye aka ya na nso nso a bụ na 2017's ''Fatties: Take Down the House'' nke Bob Gordon duziri. Erite telivishọn Fitzpatrick gụnyere ''Lost'', ''24'', na ''NYPD Blue'' . == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | 1995 | ''Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Ihe nkiri'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2482860/that-time-mariska-hargitay-was-fired-from-the-power-rangers-movie|title=That Time Mariska Hargitay Was Fired From The Power Rangers Movie|date=2019-10-22|work=CINEMABLEND|accessdate=2020-04-24}}</ref> | Dulcea | |- | 1995 | ''Ụzọ Blackwater'' | Sandra | |- | 1996 | ''Ụmụ'' | Maria Cassini | |- | 1997 | ''Maazị Nice Guy'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/74126/mr-nice-guy/|title=Mr. Nice Guy (Blu-ray)|work=DVD Talk|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-24}}</ref> | Diana | |- | 1999 | ''Ọkụ'' | Rhonda Reynolds | |- | 2000 | ''Daalụ, Lovehụnanya m'' | Brigit | |- | 2001 | ''Angel ala ala'' | Gillian | |- | 2001 | ''Buck ịgba ọtọ ọkụ'' | Audry Gantry | |- | 2002 | ''Clover Bend'' | Nancy | |- | 2007 | ''The Last Sin Eater''</link> | Bletsung McLeod | |- | 2017 | ''Fatties: Budata ụlọ ahụ'' | Cassandra | Vidiyo, post-mmepụta |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |1991 |''E Street'' |Fiona |3 episodes |- |1991 |''Police Rescue'' |The Waitress |"Mates" |- |1993 |''G.P.'' |Samantha |"A Thousand Flowers: Part 2" |- |1993 |''Paradise Beach'' |Brooke Bannister |TV series |- |1995 |''Fire'' |Susan |"United We Stand" |- |1995-1996 |''{{sortname|The|Man from Snowy River|The Man from Snowy River (TV series)}}'' |Montana Hale |25 episodes |- |1997 |''Roar'' |Vorgeen |"Projector" |- |1997-1998 |''NYPD Blue'' |Naomi Reynolds |Recurring role; 10 episodes |- |1998 |''Frasier'' |Clare |"Where Every Bloke Knows Your Name" |- |1999 |''Legacy'' |Charlotte Bentley Logan |Recurring role |- |2000 |''{{sortname|The|Magicians|nolink=1}}'' |Kiley |TV film |- |2000 |''Nash Bridges'' |Fiona Childs |"Lap Dance" |- |2001 |''Providence'' |Victoria Everdeen |"Magician" |- |2003 |''Dragnet'' |Aunt Maria |"Well Endowed" |- |2004 |''24'' |Diana White |"Day 3: 5:00 a.m.-6:00 a.m." |- |2004 |''North Shore'' |Mrs. Farrell |"Pilot" |- |2006-2007 |''Lost'' |Lindsey |"Two for the Road", "Par Avion" |} == Ntụaka == ihe nkiri 11, ntinye aka ya na nso nso a bụ na 2017's Fatties: Take Down the House nke Bob{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * Gabrielle Fitzpatrick at IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Fitzpatrick, Gabrielle}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ajvgp9aft6zyfh4l8tywdk1ukpo3wn0 0 53128 692427 214287 2026-07-30T00:19:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=永山祐子|birth_date={{birth year and age|1975}}|birth_place=Tokyo, Japan|occupation=Architect|organization=Yuko Nagayama & Associates|website=https://www.yukonagayama.co.jp/en/}} '''Yuko Nagayama''' (永山祐子, amụrụ 1975) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye prọfesọ ọbịa na Mahadum nka Musashino . Dịka nwa afọ Tokyo, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na [[:ja:青木淳|Jun Aoki]] & Associates site na 1998 ruo 2002 wee malite ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu nke ya, Yuko Nagayama & Associates. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Architect – Yuko Nagayama|url=https://www.toki.tokyo/artisan-stories/yuko-nagayama|accessdate=2023-07-27|work=TOKI|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ụlọ elu Tokyu Kabukicho dị n'etiti Tokyo, ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-esepụta ụlọ elu Torch, nke a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-abụ ụlọ kachasị ogologo na [[Japan]] na 2027. <ref>{{Cite web|title=30 Yuko Nagayama (Architect)|url=https://6mirai.tokyo-midtown.com/en/interview/30/|accessdate=2023-07-21|work=ROPPONGI MIRAI KAIGI -In the city that connects the people and the Art Design-|language=en}}</ref> Nagayama nwetara ọtụtụ onyinye, gụnyere ihe nrite JCD mmebe 2018, ihe nrite Tokyo 2018, na iF Design Award 2023. == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Yuko Nagayama mụrụ na Tokyo na 1975. N'ihi ọrụ nna ya ( [[:ja:永山國昭|Kuniaki Nagayama]] ) dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị na onye nyocha biophysics, ọ nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na [[Switzerland]] . Ọ laghachiri Japan mgbe ọ dị afọ 3 wee tolite na Asagaya, Suginami Ward, Tokyo. Nagayama gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Kyoritsu Women's Second Middle and High School . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2023-05-20|title=建築家{{!}}永山祐子の経歴や自邸がスゴい！夫と子供は？wikiプロフまとめ！【情熱大陸】|url=https://paradises.jp/nagayamayuko_wiki/|accessdate=2023-07-21|work=PARAMEDIA|language=ja|archivedate=2023-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721061708/https://paradises.jp/nagayamayuko_wiki/}}</ref> Na 1994, a nabatara Nagyama na Ngalaba Ndụ mmadụ na Sayensị na Mahadum Showa Women's University . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=永山 祐子さん {{!}} 昭和女子大学 100周年|url=https://100th.swu.ac.jp/topics/interview/0001177/|accessdate=2023-07-21|work=100th.swu.ac.jp|archivedate=2023-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721061708/https://100th.swu.ac.jp/topics/interview/0001177/}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1998 na Bachelor of Arts wee nweta ntozu ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke abụọ, Nagayama sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu nke [[:ja:青木淳|Jun Aoki.]] <ref name=":0"/> Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ndị ọrụ na Jun Aoki & Associates ka ha nweta oge ọrụ afọ 4, na-enye ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ohere irite uru na ntinye nke nkà ọhụrụ na echiche ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=Pollock|first=Naomi R.|date=2012-12-01|title=Yuko Nagayama & Associates: Tokyo|journal=Architectural Record|volume=200|issue=12|pages=50}}</ref> Nagayama hapụrụ na 2002 n'ebumnobi ịchụso ọmụmụ ihe iji nweta akwụkwọ ikike ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke mbụ. == Ọrụ == Nagayama malitere ụlọ ihe nkiri ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 26, n'agbanyeghị anabataghị ya na nchegbu sitere n'aka onye isi ya mbụ gbasara afọ ndụ ya. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2015-09-03|title=Japan's New Masters: Yuko Nagayama|url=https://www.archdaily.com/773045/japans-new-masters-yuko-nagayama|accessdate=2023-07-21|work=ArchDaily|language=en-US}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, Aoki mechara gbasaa nkwado ya wee nye aka nweta ọrụ izizi ya, akpọrọ Afloat-f. Ọrụ a malitere ọrụ Nagayama wee meghere ọtụtụ kọmishọna ndị ọzọ maka ụlọ ọrụ ya. Ọ nwetara amara site na ọrụ dịka Louis Vuitton Kyoto Daimaru Store (Kyoto, 2004) na A Hill on a House (Tokyo, 2006), ma nwee ike iwepụ oge ọrụ maka ule ikike ya mgbe afọ 3 gachara. <ref name=":3"/> Yoko Nagayama lụrụ onye Japan na-ese ihe bụ Akira Fujimoto, ha nwekwara ụmụ abụọ. <ref name=":1"/> N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 2012, ọ na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ mmadụ anọ sitere na ụlọ abụọ dị n'ụlọ obibi dị nso na nsọtụ ọdịda anyanwụ Tokyo. Nhazi ahụ mere ka o kwekọọ n'ọrụ ya dị ka nne na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ. N'otu ọnụ ụlọ, ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'onwe ya ka ọ na-elekọta nwa mbụ ya, nke ọzọ jere ozi dị ka obere ọnụ ụlọ nzukọ nke okpukpu abụọ dị ka oghere ogbako. <ref name=":3"/> Ọ dabere na teknụzụ, dị ka Skype, iji nweta ebe a na-ewu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozi. Ụzọ a nyere aka ịrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ na ijikwa ọrụ dị n'ọfịs na n'ime ezinụlọ. <ref name=":4"/> Taa, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ mmadụ 15 ma ọ bụ isi na Shinjuku, Tokyo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=yuko nagayama & associates Archives|url=https://www.designboom.com/tag/yuko-nagayama-associates/|accessdate=2023-07-27|work=designboom {{!}} architecture & design magazine|language=en}}</ref> Ọrụ ndị a ma ama bụ Goddess of the Forest Central Garden (Yamanashi, 2016), Japan Pavilion na Expo 2020 Dubai (Dubai, 2021), Jins Park Maebashi Store (Gunma, 2021) na Tokyo Kabukicho Tower (Tokyo, 2023). [[Usòrò:Setouchi_Triennale_-Teshima_Yokoo_House_（豊島横尾館）横尾忠則-永山裕子_DSCF3566.JPG|thumb|297x297px| Ime ụlọ Teshima Yokoo]] Na mgbakwunye na nlebara anya ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na ọrụ azụmahịa, Yoko Nagayama na ndị otu ya na-etinye aka na mmeghari ohuru na nka n'ime mpaghara. Ya na onye na-ese ihe bụ Tadanori Yokoo jikọrọ aka rụzigharịa ụlọ ndị Japan ọdịnala ( minka ) n'ime ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie a maara dị ka Teshima Yokoo House na 2013. Atụmatụ ahụ bu n’obi ime ka obere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Ieura dị n’àgwàetiti Teshima dị n’Oké Osimiri Seto dị n’ime ala maliteghachi ume. <ref>{{Cite web|author=トレンドいいな|date=2023-05-09|title=永山祐子(建築家)の結婚した夫と子供や経歴は?自宅や出身の高校と大学などプロフィールも調査|url=https://trend-inna.com/2023/05/09/%e6%b0%b8%e5%b1%b1%e7%a5%90%e5%ad%90%e5%bb%ba%e7%af%89%e5%ae%b6%e3%81%ae%e7%b5%90%e5%a9%9a%e3%81%97%e3%81%9f%e5%a4%ab%e3%81%a8%e5%ad%90%e4%be%9b%e3%82%84%e7%b5%8c%e6%ad%b4%e3%81%af%e8%87%aa/|accessdate=2023-07-21|work=トレンドいいな|language=ja}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, ya na di ya malitere mmemme nka nke were ọnwa "At Art Uwajima" na Uwajima City, Ehime Prefecture. N'oge mmemme a, mkpokọta ndị nka 7 gosipụtara nrụnye na ihe nka n'ime Nagayama's Kiya Ryokan (Ehime, 2012) na ebe ịzụ ahịa obodo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Teshima Yokoo House {{!}} Art|url=https://benesse-artsite.jp/en/art/teshima-yokoohouse.html|accessdate=2023-07-21|work=Benesse Art Site Naoshima|language=en}}</ref> Nagayama na-aga n'ihu na-enyocha ikike nka n'ịgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi wuru na ndị okike ndị ọzọ. [[Usòrò:東急歌舞伎町タワー_Tokyu_Kabukicho_Tower.jpg|thumb|332x332px| Ụlọ elu Tokyo Kabukicho]] Na mgbakwunye, Nagayama na-akụzikwa nkuzi na Mahadum Kyoto Seika, Mahadum Showa Women's University, Mahadum Ochanomizu na Nagoya Institute of Technology . Ugbu a ọ bụ prọfesọ na-eleta na Musashino Art University . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=HIGHLIGHT: YUKO NAGAYAMA|url=https://pikark.com/en/listing/highlight-yuko-nagayama/|accessdate=2023-07-27|work=Pikark|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009174458/https://pikark.com/en/listing/highlight-yuko-nagayama/}}</ref> == Imepụta ụkpụrụ == Isiokwu ' phenomena ' bụ ihe pụtara ìhè n'ọrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ Nagayama. Ọ na-ele ihe owuwu ụlọ anya ka ọ na-ekepụta ahụmịhe n'uche ndị mmadụ karịa iwu ụlọ anụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Interview: Yuko Nagayama (访谈:永山祐子)|journal=World Architecture Review (世界建筑导报)|language=Chinese|issue=168|pages=3–4}}</ref> Kama ilekwasị anya n'ihe, ọ na-atụgharị ma na-akpụzi oghere na ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụ anya. Otu isi echiche ọ na-etinye n'ime atụmatụ ya bụ echiche ndị Japan nke ' Ma (間),' nke na-ezo aka na oghere na oghere efu. N'ime ihe owuwu nke Nagayama, 'Ma' ka a sụgharịrị n'ụdị dị iche iche, dịka ntụgharị uche, ogo ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ọbụna ikuku dị nro. Site n'itinye ihe omume okike ndị a n'ime atụmatụ ya, oghere ya na-ewere àgwà dị ike na nke na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. <ref name=":4"/> A na-akọwa omume ya site n'aka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Ruairí O'Brien dị ka iji "ihe dị na ya iji nweta ihe na-adịghị ahụ site n'iji ohere dị n'etiti, na-ejuputa oghere na iji" ihe fọdụrụ" na-agụnye na ụzọ ndị mmadụ." Mgbanwe a na ọrụ Nagayama nwere njikọ chiri anya na echiche nke enweghị isi nke bụkwa ihe pụtara ìhè na ọrụ ya. Maka Nagayama, ambiguity (曖昧さ) - dị ugbu a n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke omenala Japanese na n'asụsụ Japanese - bụ ihe a ga-atọ ụtọ, ma n'ihe gbasara agba, ihe onwunwe, ma ọ bụ ọdịdị nke gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref name=":0"/> Enwere ike ime ya site na mmekọrịta ya na ihe okike, dịka n'ụdị ọkụ, ifufe, ma ọ bụ ọbụna oge. <ref name=":0" /> [[Usòrò:永山祐子.jpg|thumb|294x294px| URBANPREM Minami Aoyama]] == Ọrụ ahọpụtara == * Ụlọ elu Tokyo Kabukicho (2023) * Sea Hammock (2023) * Mmemme nka Hokuto ed.1 (2021) * Ụlọ ahịa JINS PARK Maebashi (2021) * Ihe ngosi Dubai 2020 Japan Pavilion (2019-2021) * Ụlọ Suginami (2017) * Chineke nke oke ọhịa Central Forest (2016) * Ụlọ Teshima Yokoo (2013) * Kiya Ryokan (2012) * URBANPREM Minami Aoyama (2008) * AZUMAYA (2007) * Ụlọ ahịa Louis Vuitton Daimaru Kyoto (2004) == Ọrụ n'ọdịnihu == Ọrụ Yoko Nagayama na-abịa n'ihu gụnyere pavilions 2 maka 2025 Osaka Expo: Panasonic Group Pavillion 'Nomo no Kuni' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Panasonic Group Pavilion|url=https://news.panasonic.com/global/press/en230712-2|accessdate=2023-07-21|work=Panasonic Newsroom Global|language=en}}</ref> na 'Pavilion nwanyị' na cartier. Ọ na-etinyekwa aka n'ichebe akụkụ ala nke Torch Tower ọhụrụ maka Tokyo, nnukwu nrụpụta hectare 3.1 dị n'akụkụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu Tokyo. [https://www.tokyoupdates.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/en/post-598/] == Ihe nrite == * 2004 "Nakanoshima New Line Design Competition," Nrite maka Ọkachamma <ref name=":5"/> * 2005 LO'real Agba “ihe nrite sayensị na nka” ihe nrite agbamume <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=The Future of Cities and Architecture as Envisioned by Nagayama Yuko|url=https://www.tokyoupdates.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/en/post-598/|accessdate=2023-07-27|work=TOKYO UPDATES [The Official Information Website of Tokyo Metropolitan Government]|language=en}}</ref> * 2005 "Ụlọ echiche maka asọmpi 'Tsukuba Denentoshi'," Ebe nke abụọ <ref name=":5" /> * 2005 “JCD Design Award 2005,” Nrite agbamume na LOUIS VUITTON Kyoto Daimaru <ref name=":6" /> * 2006 "AR Awards (UK)," Akwadoro nke ukwuu na ugwu n'elu ụlọ (nke The Architectural Review haziri, UK) <ref name=":5" /> * 2010 "Asọmpi mmeghari ohuru nke Taya 2010," Nkwupụta nsọpụrụ <ref name=":5" /> * 2010 Kyoai Gakuen University, nku 4 imewe amụma, Sọpụrụ aha <ref name=":5" /> * 2012 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD Award(USA), Design [[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] 2012 <ref name=":5" /> * 2014 “JIA Young Architect Award 2014” na Teshima Yokoo House <ref name=":5" /> * 2017 "Yamanashi Cultural Prize of Architecture" na chi nwanyị nke ọhịa Central Garden <ref name=":5" /> * 2017 “JCD Design Award,” ihe nrite ọla ọcha na chi nwanyị nke Forest Central Garden 2018 <ref name=":5" /> * 2018 "Tokyo Architecture Award 2018," Nrite maka Ọkachamma na Chi nwanyị nke ọhịa Central Garden <ref name=":6" /> * 2021 “Ihe nrite imewe maka ọkụ na ọkụ,” nnukwu ihe nrite maka ọkaibe na Tamagawa Takashimaya SC Grand Patio <ref name=":5" /> * 2022 World Architecture Festival 2022 jara mma nke ukwuu「JINS PARK Maebashi <ref name=":5" /> * 2023 iF Design Award 2023 Onye mmeri 「JINS PARK Maebashi <ref name=":5" /> == Ntụaka == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ql8gbc5q1qogq0hl1knwns6r7le47n8 0 53632 692374 364006 2026-07-29T21:49:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Woman on Her Deathbed bụ ihe osise mgbasa ozi ngwakọta nke e ji pensụl, nzu ojii nke lithograhic, ahịhịa di na mmanụ ojii na nke ọcha, na mmiri na-acha ntụ ntụ na akwụkwọ mmiri, nke [[Vincent van Gogh]] mepụtara na afọ 1883. Ọ dị na nchịkọta nke ihe ngosi nka Kröller-Müller na Otterlo, Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Woman on her deathbed|url=https://krollermuller.nl/en/vincent-van-gogh-woman-on-her-deathbed|accessdate=2023-07-09|work=krollermuller.nl|language=en|archivedate=2023-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709142833/https://krollermuller.nl/en/vincent-van-gogh-woman-on-her-deathbed}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ọrụ mbụ nke Vincent van Gogh * Ndepụta ọrụ nke Vincent van Gogh == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} cs8cwmbh2tnh2zqykqn5gh2busq3a4j 0 53700 692291 208689 2026-07-29T18:31:51Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game|title=Akai Ito|image=|developer=[[Success Corporation]]|publisher=Success Corporation<br>Hamster|designer=Hal|released='''PlayStation 2'''{{vgrelease|JP|October 21, 2004}}{{vgrelease|JP|October 27, 2005 (SuperLite 2000 Series)}}'''PlayStation Network'''{{vgrelease|JP|October 16, 2013}} '''HD Remastered'''{{vgrelease|WW|May 24, 2023}}|genre=[[Visual novel]], [[adventure game|adventure]], [[Horror fiction|horror]], [[Yuri (genre)|yuri]]<ref name="hime-8x">{{cite journal |last=Morishima |first=Akiko |date=April 2007 |title=YurixYuri Kenbunroku |journal=[[Comic Yuri Hime]] |issue=8 |asin=B000PAAJN8 |language=Japanese}}</ref>|modes=[[Single-player video game|Single-player]]|platforms=[[PlayStation 2]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Nintendo Switch]]|caption=|alt=}}Akai Ito bụ egwuregwu egwu egwu nke Japan site na Success Corporation, wepụtara naanị maka PlayStation 2 na Japan na October 21, 2004. E wepụtara ọnụahịa dị ala "ebipụta a ma ama", nke gụnyere na onye mmepe na onye na-ebipụta SUCCESS '''SuperLite 2000 Series'', na October 27, 2005. Aha ahụ na-ezo aka na akụkọ ifo red string of fate. A tọhapụrụ ụdị "HD" maka Nintendo Switch na PC, tinyere "egwuregwu nwanne nwanyị" ya na Mee 24, 2023. Ọ nwere nhọrọ asụsụ Bekee ma wepụta ya na mpụga Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gematsu.com/2022/09/akai-ito-aoi-shiro-hd-remaster-announced-for-switch-pc|author=Romano|first=Sal|title=Akai Ito & Aoi Shiro HD Remaster announced for Switch, PC|publisher=Gematsu|date=September 14, 2022|accessdate=September 15, 2022}}</ref> == Akụkọ == Mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị, nwa mgbei nwa akwụkwọ sekọndrị Kei Hatọ na-aga n'ụlọ nna ya nwụrụ anwụ na Hemizuka iji dozie nsogbu na ihe nketa ya. N'ime ụgbọ oloko na-aga ebe ahụ, Kei nwere nrọ dị omimi banyere nnukwu osisi na nwanyị nke yiri ka ọ ga-efunahụ na mwute. Na Hemizuka, Kei na-amụta ihe nzuzo zoro ezo n'ime ọbara nke ya site na nzụkọ dị iche iche ya na Onye Slayer Oni Slayer, enyi nne ya nwụrụ anwụ, nwa agbọghọ na-esote ya na nkịta ọhịa ọcha, na ọbụna nwa agbọghọ ahụ dị omimi site na nrọ ya. N'ime akụkọ ahụ dum Kei na-emegide ejima oni Nozomi na Mikage. Akụkọ Akai Ito dịgasị iche iche dabere na mkpebi onye ọkpụkpọ, nke na-emetụta ọ bụghị naanị n'usoro akụkọ ahụ kamakwa njedebe nke onye ọkpụkpọ na-enweta (ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-egosi mmetụta ịhụnanya n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị). == Omume == * Kei Hatō (CV: [[Miyu Matsuki]]) Onye isi akụkọ ahụ, Kei bụ onye na-enweghị uche, nke bụ ihe na-emegide onwe ya n'iburu n'uche na okwu kachasị amasị ya bụ "kwadebe mgbe niile". * Yumei (ユ門) (CV: [[Yūko Minaguchi]]) * Uzuki Senba (CV: [[Akeno Watanabe]]) Oni Slayer Kei zutere n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, mma agha ya bụ ihe ọjọọ nke oni. Nwa agbọghọ na-eru ọkara afọ Kei, ya na nkịta ọhịa na-acha ọcha. Kei zutere ya n'ụlọ nna ya a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ ugbu a. Enyi nne Kei nwụrụ anwụ. A na-akpọ ya "West". * Nozomi, Mikage (CV: [[Megumi Kobayashi]]) * Kei (CV: Kazutaka Ishii) Nwoke dị omimi, nke e mechara mara dị ka nwanne Kei aha ya bụ Hakuka. * Mayumi Hatō (CV: Nana Furuhara) * Yōko Nara (CV: [[Mamiko Noto]]) * Rin Tōgo (CV) == Ndị ọrụ == * Ihe osise / Foto mbụ: HAL * Ihe odide: Tomoyuki Fumotogawa * Egwú: MANYO (Little Wing) * Ihe ndabere: J.C.StaffNdị ọrụ J.C. == Egwú == * Abụ mmeghe 『 ''Mawaru Sekai nke'' (廻る__hau____hau____hau__) 』 nke Haruka Shimotsuki / Riya * Egwú mmechi 『 Tabiji no Hate (旅路の果て) 』 nke Haruka Shimotsuki / Riya == Mgbanwe == Akai Ito enwetawokwa ọtụtụ mmegharị manga: otu-shot nke Muttri Moony bipụtara na mbipụta July 2004 nke Yuri Shimai, nke aha ya bụ "Swear"; na obere manga e bipụtara na mbipụta May na June 2007 nke Comic Rush kwa ọnwa. Emepụtara akwụkwọ ọgụgụ pụrụ iche maka mbipụta nwere oke, na-egosipụta akụkọ dị iche iche sitere n'aka ndị nka dị iche iche. === Akwụkwọ akụkọ Web === E wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ weebụ n'efu nke ''Akai Ito'' na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ''Akai Ito'' nke Success, ma soro otu n'ime akụkọ ndị a na-enweta mgbe ị na-egwu egwuregwu vidio ahụ. === Ihe nkiri CD === E wepụtara otu CD ihe nkiri. E wepụtara ya na mbụ dị ka mbipụta Limited Edition n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005 ma mesịa wepụta mbipụta a na-ahụkarị na Disemba 26, 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.success-corp.co.jp/software/ps2/akaiito/info.html|title=アカイイトドラマCD「京洛降魔」（通常版）|publisher=[[Success (company)|Success]]|accessdate=August 12, 2009|language=Japanese}}</ref>{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] io6q6nx77a48a8tuaos70zngmekzs0u 0 53722 692346 541469 2026-07-29T20:02:06Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692346 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Faịlụ:Dessin_digitale_Akissi_Kouamé.png|thumb|Illustration digitale, photoshop (digital painting) de Akissi Kouamé]] Brigadier-General Akissi Kouamé (1 Jenụwarị 1955 – 29 Septemba 2022) bụ onye isi ndị agha Ivorian. Ọ sonyeere ọrụ ahụike ndị agha na 1981, ebe ọ ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ ahụike. Kouamé ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ n'ime ndị agha tozuru oke dị ka paratrooper na 2012 ghọrọ nwanyị izugbe mbụ ya. == Mbido na ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ Kouamé na 1 Jenụwarị 1955 na Singrobo, Tiassalé na Ivory Coast, ma bụrụ otu n'ime ụmụaka iri.[1] Ọ lụrụ Lebahy Kouamé ma mụọ ụmụ abụọ. Kouamé jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke otu ndị Ivorian Association nke ndị isi ahụike ụmụ nwanyị na nke Singrobo Mutual Development Association. Ọ bụ onye hibere otu netwọkụ ndị isi ụmụ nwanyị Ivorian.[2] O hiwere General Akissi Foundation iji nye akụrụngwa n'ime ime obodo ma kwado agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka.[3] Kouamé so Sylla Maciré lụrụ n'afọ 2017 ma kewara ya n'afọ ahụ mgbe ndị uwe ojii nwụchiri ya maka ebubo aghụghọ. Maciré gburu onwe ya na February 2018. <ref name="sylla">{{Cite news|title=Sylla Maciré alias Christophe Rocancourt, le dinosaure des escrocs de Côte-d'Ivoire est mort|url=https://www.connectionivoirienne.net/2018/02/06/sylla-macire-alias-christophe-rocancourt-le-dinosaure-des-escrocs-de-cote-divoire-est-mort/|accessdate=16 June 2021|work=Connectionivoirienne.net|date=6 February 2018|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ọrụ agha == Kouamé gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ, n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nọn na-elekọta, na Sainte-Marie High School tupu ọ mụọ ọgwụ na Mahadum Abidjan . <ref name="TV">{{Cite news|title=Akissi Kouamé,première Général ivoirienne femme de coeur, féministe : en service commando!Tout savoir|url=http://abidjantv.net/art-et-culture/akissi-kouamepremiere-general-ivoirienne-femme-de-coeur-feministe-en-service-commandotout-savoir/|accessdate=29 September 2019|work=Abidjan TV|date=14 April 2017|language=fr}}</ref> Na 10 Jenụwarị 1981 - n'afọ nke ise ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike - ọ sonyeere ndị agha Ivory Coast ma site na Julaị ruo Septemba ọ malitere ọzụzụ bụ isi na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị agha na Bouaké.{{Cite news|author=Massamba|first=Alain Patrick|title=Akissi Kouamé, première femme africaine officier général, a séjourné à Brazzaville|url=http://lasemaineafricaine.net/index.php/national/5132-congo-cote-divoire-akissi-kouame-premiere-femme-africaine-officier-general-a-sejourne-a-brazzaville|accessdate=29 September 2019|work=La Semaine Africaine|date=16 November 2012|language=fr}}</ref> Kouamé bụ otu n'ime ndị isi nwanyị ise mbụ sonyeere ndị agha. <ref name="TV" /> Kouamé nwetara nzere doctorate ya na 23 June 1983 ma mesịa gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ ọzụzụ ndị ọrụ ruo July, mgbe a họpụtara ya lieutenant. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọ ruru eru dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ n'ogige ndị agha dị na [[Akouédo]], na-aghọ nwanyị mbụ n'ime ndị agha iji mezuo nke a. Site na 1983 ruo 1985 Kouamé jere ozi dị ka osote onye isi nke otu n'ime ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha. Ka ọ na-ejide ọnọdụ a, e buliri ya n'ọkwa onye isi ụgbọ mmiri na 1 Septemba 1984. <ref name="as" /> N'afọ 1985, a họpụtara Kouamé ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke ngalaba ndị agha na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na obstetrics ma mụọ ihe afọ ise iji nweta asambodo nke ikike na usoro ultrasound nke ụmụ nwanyị na Mahadum Abidjan na Brest, France. Ọ gara usoro ọzụzụ na ahụike ọmụmụ na nlekọta nke ndị ọrịa HIV / AIDS na National Office for Family and Population na Tunisia na 1991, 1995 na 1998. N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1992, e buliri Kouamé n'ọkwa onye isi (nke ya na onye isi). Ọ natara ọzụzụ na njikwa ihe onwunwe ahụike maka mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na Mahadum Libre de Bruxelles na 1995. N'afọ 1996, Mahadum Liège zụrụ ya n'inye agụmakwụkwọ nlekọta ahụike na nkwurịta okwu ọha na eze ma na 1 Ọktoba e buliri ya n'ọkwa lieutenant-colonel ma họpụta ya dịka onye nhazi nke ahụike ọmụmụ na ndị agha. N'ọrụ a, Kouamé malitere nhọpụta nke ndị na-amụ nwa na ọrụ ahụike ndị agha. <ref name="as">{{Cite news|author=Massamba|first=Alain Patrick|title=Akissi Kouamé, première femme africaine officier général, a séjourné à Brazzaville|url=http://lasemaineafricaine.net/index.php/national/5132-congo-cote-divoire-akissi-kouame-premiere-femme-africaine-officier-general-a-sejourne-a-brazzaville|accessdate=29 September 2019|work=La Semaine Africaine|date=16 November 2012|language=fr}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMassamba2012">Massamba, Alain Patrick (16 November 2012). [http://lasemaineafricaine.net/index.php/national/5132-congo-cote-divoire-akissi-kouame-premiere-femme-africaine-officier-general-a-sejourne-a-brazzaville "Akissi Kouamé, première femme africaine officier général, a séjourné à Brazzaville"]. ''La Semaine Africaine'' (in French). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929212348/http://lasemaineafricaine.net/index.php/national/5132-congo-cote-divoire-akissi-kouame-premiere-femme-africaine-officier-general-a-sejourne-a-brazzaville Archived] from the original on 29 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> Site na 1997 ruo 1998, ọ nọ na Center for Diagnosis and Research on AIDS na Abidjan . <ref name="as" /> Site na 1998 ruo 2000, Kouamé jere ozi dị ka onye isi nke ọgwụ mgbochi na ọrụ ahụike nke ndị agha. Site na 2004 ruo 2012, ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ nyocha HIV afọ ofufo nke ndị agha na n'oge a bụ, na 1 Eprel 2006, kwalitere n'ọkwa colonel, yana na 2 Ọgọst 2010 ka ọ bụrụ onye isi agha. Na 18 January 2012, a họpụtara ya onye nduzi nke ahụike na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndị agha, nwanyị mbụ na-ejide ọnọdụ a. Na 6 Ọgọst 2012, Onye isi ala Ivorian Alassane Ouattara kwalitere Kouamé ka ọ bụrụ ọkwa brigadier-General, na-aghọ onye isi nwanyị mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị agha Ivorian.[1] N'ọgwụgwụ 2012, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche Pan-African Congress on Military Medicine. <ref name="as" /> == Ịla ezumike nká na ọnwụ == Kouamé lara ezumike nká na ndị agha na Disemba 2017.[1] Commission nationale d'hommage aux doyens kwanyere Kouamé ugwu site na emume ndụ ya n'etiti 26 na 28 Novemba 2021 na Abidjan na obodo ya nke Assakra na Kpèbo. A na-esere ihe nkiri nke ndụ ya na ihe ngosi nke foto ndị e mere n'oge mmemme ahụ, nke ndị isi ọrụ bịara.[2][3] Kouamé nwụrụ na Abidjan na 29 Septemba 2022, mgbe ọ dị afọ 67. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Côte d'Ivoire / Décès à Abidjan du général de brigade Akissi Kouamé|work=Pressivoire|date=29 September 2022|url=https://pressivoire.com/article/cote-divoire-deces-a-abidjan-du-general-de-brigade-akissi-kouame|language=fr|accessdate=1 October 2022|archivedate=1 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001220119/https://pressivoire.com/article/cote-divoire-deces-a-abidjan-du-general-de-brigade-akissi-kouame}}</ref> == Ebem si dee == dx8sthr0q0mneblf07072mav6qpdovq 0 53798 692355 515818 2026-07-29T20:32:00Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>Sheikha Alanoud bint Hamad Al Thani bụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego mba Qatar. Ọ na-eje ozi na bọọdụ ndị isi nke Qatar Financial Center wee họpụta ya dị ka onye isi azụmaahịa na onye osote onye isi ọrụ na 2023. Tupu nhọpụta ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi njikwa mmepe azụmaahịa na etiti ahụ, na-ewepụta atụmatụ iji kwalite nkwalite. ọrụ n'oge ọrịa COVID-19 na Qatar. Sheikha Alanoud bụ nwanyị mbụ na onye nke ọdụdụ a họpụtara na kọmitii onye isi nke etiti ahụ. Na Machị 2021, Nzukọ Akụ na ụba ụwa kpọrọ ya onye ndu ụwa niile. Na 2022, ọ bụ onye nnata nke Arab Women of the Year Award wee kpọọ ya Forbes dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị azụmaahịa 50 kachasị ike na Middle East na North Africa. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Sheikha Alanoud bụ onye otu House of Thani. Ọ bụ nwa nna Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, onye guzobere Qatar.<ref name="aljaz26june">{{Cite news|title=Who is Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim Al Thani?|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/06/201362613431469150.html|accessdate=27 June 2013|work=Al Jazeera|date=26 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="moor21june">{{Cite news|author=Moore|first=James|title=Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber al-Thani: Meet the man who bought London|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/sheikh-hamad-bin-jassim-bin-jaber-althani-meet-the-man-who-bought-london-8669134.html|accessdate=27 June 2013|work=The Independent|date=21 June 2013}}</ref> Ọ gara [[London]] School of Economics, Mahadum Oxford, na HEC Paris, ma nwee akara ugo mmụta onye isi na Qatar Leadership Center Rising Leaders Programme.{{Cite web|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/686566/wef-names-sheikha-alanoud-as-young-global-leader|title=WEF names Sheikha Alanoud as Young Global Leader|date=13 March 2021|work=Gulf Times|accessdate=12 March 2023|archivedate=12 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312204041/https://www.gulf-times.com/story/686566/wef-names-sheikha-alanoud-as-young-global-leader}}</ref>{{Cite web|url=https://roscongress.org/en/speakers/al-tani-sheykha-alanud-khamad/biography/|title=Sheikha Alanoud Bint Hamad Al-Thani|work=Roscongress Building Trust|accessdate=12 March 2023|archivedate=12 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312190844/https://roscongress.org/en/speakers/al-tani-sheykha-alanud-khamad/biography/}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Sheikha Alanoud malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Qatar Financial Center na 2016.[1] O buru ụzọ jee ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche nke Strategic Alliances n'ụlọ ọrụ onye isi na, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ahọpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Economic Affairs maka Middle East na North Africa.[2][3] Na 2017, a họpụtara ya onye isi nchịkwa nke mmepe azụmaahịa, na-eje ozi na ikike ahụ n'oge ọrịa COVID-19 na Qatar.[2] [4] [1] N'oge ọrụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ iji kwalite ọrụ na nchekwa ọrụ na Qatar.[5] Na 2023, a họpụtara Sheikha Alanoud Onye isi azụmaahịa na osote onye isi nchịkwa nke Qatar Financial Center, na-eduzi ngalaba mmepe azụmaahịa na ndị ahịa.[6] [3] Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ, na onye nke ọdụdụ, ga-eje ozi na kọmitii onye isi nke etiti ahụ.<ref name="diplomat">{{Cite web|url=https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2021/03/11/alanoud-bint-hamad-al-thani-selected-as-global-young-leader/|title=Alanoud bint Hamad Al Thani selected as 'Global Young Leader'|work=Diplomat magazine|date=11 March 2021|accessdate=12 March 2023|archivedate=12 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312190840/https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2021/03/11/alanoud-bint-hamad-al-thani-selected-as-global-young-leader/}}</ref> Sheikha Alanoud jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi mba Qatar maka Silatech, atụmatụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-enye ndị na-eto eto ohere ọrụ n'ụwa Arab niile.<ref name="gulf" /> Ọ nọ na bọọdụ nke òtù dị iche iche, gụnyere Tomouh, How Women Work, i2Co School of Transformative Leadership, Qatar-UK Alumni Board - British Council, na Future Foregin Policy na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]].<ref name="ros">{{Cite web|url=https://roscongress.org/en/speakers/al-tani-sheykha-alanud-khamad/biography/|title=Sheikha Alanoud Bint Hamad Al-Thani|work=Roscongress Building Trust|accessdate=12 March 2023|archivedate=12 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312190844/https://roscongress.org/en/speakers/al-tani-sheykha-alanud-khamad/biography/}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa osote onye isi oche nke Bedaya Centre for Entrepreneurship and Career Guidance, Qatar Chair for Global Dignity, na Global Ambassador for Qatar for Women's Entrepreneursity Day.<ref name="ros" /> Na Machị 2021, a họpụtara Sheikha Alanoud dị ka Onye ndu Global Young site na World Economic Forum, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye ndu Global Young kacha nta na naanị onye Qatari natara onyinye ahụ n'afọ ahụ.<ref name="gulf">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/686566/wef-names-sheikha-alanoud-as-young-global-leader|title=WEF names Sheikha Alanoud as Young Global Leader|date=13 March 2021|work=Gulf Times|accessdate=12 March 2023|archivedate=12 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312204041/https://www.gulf-times.com/story/686566/wef-names-sheikha-alanoud-as-young-global-leader}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.gulf-times.com/story/686566/wef-names-sheikha-alanoud-as-young-global-leader "WEF names Sheikha Alanoud as Young Global Leader"]. ''Gulf Times''. 13 March 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230312204041/https://www.gulf-times.com/story/686566/wef-names-sheikha-alanoud-as-young-global-leader Archived] from the original on 12 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marhaba.qa/qfcs-sheikha-alanoud-bint-hamad-al-thani-among-worlds-most-promising-leaders/|title=QFC's Sheikha Alanoud Bint Hamad Al Thani Among World's Most Promising Leaders|first=Lalaine|author=Turqueza|date=14 March 2021|accessdate=12 March 2023|archivedate=12 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312190847/https://www.marhaba.qa/qfcs-sheikha-alanoud-bint-hamad-al-thani-among-worlds-most-promising-leaders/}}</ref> A kpọkwara ya Global Shaper site na Forum . == Onyinye == Sheikha Alanoud bụ onye nnata oge abụọ nke Highness Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani Education Excellence Award, na-anata ihe nrite na 2008 na 2012.[1] Na 2011, ọ bụ onye nnata ihe nrite nke Young Arab Achiever.[1] Na 2022, Forbes matara ya dị ka otu n'ime Middle East's 50 Kasị ike na-azụ ahịa na MENA.[2] Na 2022, e nyere ya ihe nrite nwanyị Arab nke afọ maka mmezu ya na ọrụ ego.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-24|title=London celebrates talents of Arab women in glittering award ceremony|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/uk-news/2022/03/24/london-celebrates-talents-of-arab-women-in-glittering-award-ceremony/|accessdate=2022-04-22|work=The National|language=en|archivedate=29 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129053409/https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/uk-news/2022/03/24/london-celebrates-talents-of-arab-women-in-glittering-award-ceremony/}}</ref> == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 37nztr1ax6md2dnt4tth97hd7kcl0gp 0 53821 692515 191575 2026-07-30T09:22:28Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692515 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Gabriella Kain''' (amụrụ 25 Maachị 1981) bụ onye bụbu onye mgbaru ọsọ bọọlụ Sweden. N'ikpeazụ ọ gbara maka ụlọ ọgbakọ RK Krim na ndị otu mba Sweden . <ref name="shf">{{Cite web|url=http://www.handboll.info/sv/Nyheter/Egnanyheter/6dagarkvar-12GabriellaKain/|title=Gabriella Kain|publisher=Swedish Handball Federation|accessdate=20 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218013226/http://www.handboll.info/sv/Nyheter/Egnanyheter/6dagarkvar-12GabriellaKain/|archivedate=18 December 2010}}</ref> Ọ gbara asọmpi na 2010 European Women's Handball Championship ebe ndị otu Sweden debere nke abụọ. <ref name="ehf2010">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportresult.com/sports/hb/hbem10w/PDF/19122010/47/47.pdf|title=9th Women's European Handball Championship, Euro 2010, Finals. NOR 25-20 SWE|date=19 December 2010|accessdate=24 December 2010|publisher=[[European Handball Federation]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722090825/http://www.sportresult.com/sports/hb/hbem10w/PDF/19122010/47/47.pdf|archivedate=22 July 2012}} </ref> == Ntụaka == . N'ikpeazụ ọ gbara{{Reflist}}{{Navboxes colour|title=Sweden squads|bg=#FFF01C|fg=#005B99|bordercolor=#005B99|list1={{Sweden squad 2010 European Women's Handball Championship}} {{Sweden squad 2011 World Women's Handball Championship}} {{Sweden Women Handball squad 2012 Summer Olympics}}}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kain, Gabriella}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] a5inf5o1f1j05abd3clyrvimu18nwof 692517 692515 2026-07-30T09:24:48Z Anastesia chi 23720 Added databox 692517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Gabriella Kain''' (amụrụ 25 Maachị 1981) bụ onye bụbu onye mgbaru ọsọ bọọlụ Sweden. N'ikpeazụ ọ gbara maka ụlọ ọgbakọ RK Krim na ndị otu mba Sweden . <ref name="shf">{{Cite web|url=http://www.handboll.info/sv/Nyheter/Egnanyheter/6dagarkvar-12GabriellaKain/|title=Gabriella Kain|publisher=Swedish Handball Federation|accessdate=20 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218013226/http://www.handboll.info/sv/Nyheter/Egnanyheter/6dagarkvar-12GabriellaKain/|archivedate=18 December 2010}}</ref> Ọ gbara asọmpi na 2010 European Women's Handball Championship ebe ndị otu Sweden debere nke abụọ. <ref name="ehf2010">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportresult.com/sports/hb/hbem10w/PDF/19122010/47/47.pdf|title=9th Women's European Handball Championship, Euro 2010, Finals. NOR 25-20 SWE|date=19 December 2010|accessdate=24 December 2010|publisher=[[European Handball Federation]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722090825/http://www.sportresult.com/sports/hb/hbem10w/PDF/19122010/47/47.pdf|archivedate=22 July 2012}} </ref> == Ntụaka == . N'ikpeazụ ọ gbara{{Reflist}}{{Navboxes colour|title=Sweden squads|bg=#FFF01C|fg=#005B99|bordercolor=#005B99|list1={{Sweden squad 2010 European Women's Handball Championship}} {{Sweden squad 2011 World Women's Handball Championship}} {{Sweden Women Handball squad 2012 Summer Olympics}}}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kain, Gabriella}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bktwbsufh19jvojobnraa65dccnk1as 0 54407 692557 192885 2026-07-30T09:51:41Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692557 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Fatimah_Baeshen.jpg|thumb| Fatimah S. Baeshen]] '''Fatimah Salem A. Baeshen''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/fatimah-salem-a-baeshen-3097a01b/|title=LinkedIn profile showing full name, including A.}}</ref> ( Arabic ) bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị Saudi-American rụrụ ọrụ maka gọọmentị Saudi. Ọ bụ onye na-ekwuchitere Embassy nke Saudi Arabia na Washington, DC site na Septemba 26, 2017, ruo Jenụwarị 23, 2019. Baeshen bụ nwanyị mbụ nwere ọkwa nkwuchite ọnụ na gọọmentị Saudi Arabia. <ref>{{Cite news|title=A Saudi Arabian first: Spokeswoman at Kingdom's US Embassy|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1179896/saudi-arabia|accessdate=9 December 2017|work=Arab News|date=19 October 2017|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Adeseun|first=Anuoluwapo|title=Saudi Arabia Appoints First Spokeswoman, Fatimah Baeshen|url=http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/saudi-arabia-appoints-first-spokeswoman-fatimah-baeshen/|work=Nigerian Monitor|date=27 September 2017|accessdate=9 December 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=فاطمة باعشن أول متحدثة باسم السفارة السعودية في واشنطن|url=https://sabq.org/فاطمة-باعشن-أول-متحدثة-باسم-السفارة-السعودية-في-واشنطن|accessdate=9 December 2017|work=SABQ|date=27 September 2017|language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=إسراء محمد علي|title=معلومات عن فاطمة باعشن أول متحدثة باسم سفارة سعودية|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1197242|accessdate=9 December 2017|work=[[Al-Masry Al-Youm]]|language=ar-AR}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Shantyaei|first=Sanam|title='Sky's the limit' for Saudi women, kingdom's first female spokesperson says|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20171030-interview-fatimah-baeshen-saudi-arabia-driving-ban-king-crown-prince-womens-rights|accessdate=9 December 2017|work=France 24|date=30 October 2017}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Fatimah bụ onye nketa [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] na amuru na United States na Charleston, South Carolina . Ọ tolitere na Oxford, Mississippi, kwagara New England maka kọleji na Midwest. <ref>{{Cite news|title=This U. of C. Grad Speaks For Saudi Arabia In U.S., First Female in Post|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20171019/hyde-park/fatimah-baeshen-saudi-arabia-university-of-chicago-embassy|accessdate=9 December 2017|work=DNAinfo Chicago|date=20 October 2017}}</ref> O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Arts na sociology na Mahadum Massachusetts Amherst Commonwealth Honors College na Master of Arts na Center for Middle Eastern Studies (na-elekwasị anya na ego islam ) na Mahadum Chicago . <ref name="al arabiya">{{Cite news|title=First spokeswoman appointed at Saudi embassy in Washington|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/09/27/First-spokeswoman-appointed-at-Saudi-embassy-in-Washington.html|accessdate=9 December 2017|work=Al Arabiya|date=27 September 2017|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == O birila ma rụọ ọrụ na [[New York City|New York]], [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Chicago]], Amherst, MA, Dubai, Jeddah, Kuala Lumpur, Riyadh, na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na onye ọrụ obodo . Na Septemba 2017, a họpụtara Baeshen ka ọ bụrụ ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Embassy nke Alaeze Saudi Arabia, na Washington, DC Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ jigidere onye na-ekwuchitere gọọmentị Saudi Arabia. Ọ bụ onye guzobere na onye isi nke Quantum, ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ gbasara ihe gbasara mba ụwa gbadoro anya na ikwado ọganihu mmekọrịta akụ na ụba. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Quantum|url=https://www.quantumove.com/|accessdate=2020-03-26|work=Quantum|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326003946/https://www.quantumove.com/}}</ref> == Ntụaka == nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Arts na sociology na Mahadum Amherst, MA{{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Baeshen, Fatimah}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bpgntooo9lu6h5uzkxohqo8knt818nb 0 54409 692299 192888 2026-07-29T18:52:37Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort 692299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Fátima Leyva Morán''' (amụrụ 14 Febrụwarị 1980) bụ [[Footbọl|onye egwuregwu bọọlụ]] Mexico <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lansingstatejournal.com/story/sports/2016/07/17/michigan-chill-sc-keeps-inaugural-season-going/87232470/|title=Michigan Chill SC rallies in home finale, earns WPSL playoff berth|author=Schwarze|first=Dennis|date=July 17, 2016|accessdate=January 8, 2017|quote=The game was the farewell contest for 36-year-old Fatima Leyva, a former captain of the Mexican women’s national soccer team who is retiring as a player.}}</ref> nka bụ onye gbara otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụmụ nwanyị Mexico . Ọ gbara egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ egwuregwu maka [[Michigan Chill SC]] nke WPSL . == Ọrụ egwuregwu == N'oge ọrụ mba ụwa, Leyva sonyeere n'ọtụtụ asọmpi, ya bụ asọmpi CONCACAF (1998), ''[[Nike Cup|iko Nike]]'' (1998, 2000), World Cup (1999), Egwuregwu America (1999, 2003) na ''Copa de Oro'' (2000). Leyva bụ onye isi FC Indiana na W-League . Na 2010, ọ bịanyere aka na onye mmeri Rọshịa Zvezda Perm, bụ ebe ọ jikọtara onye nchịkwa mbụ ya Shek Borkowski . N'oge ọrụ ya na Zvezda Perm, Leyva na ndị otu ya ghọrọ ndị na-agba ọsọ na asọmpi ọkachamara nke Russia. N'otu oge ahụ, Zvezda Perm ghọrọ onye ikpeazụ nkeji iri na ise na UEFA Champions League. Oge pụrụiche nke Leyva na Zvezda Perm, chụpụrụ ndị otu Rọshịa FC Zorky Krasnogorsk ịbanye Leyva maka oge 2012–2013 ha. N'ime oge ahụ, FC Zorky ghọrọ onye mmeri nke Njikọ Njikọ nke Russia na UEFA Champions League finalist. Na Mee 2016, Leyva bịanyere aka na [[Michigan Chill SC]] ma kpọọ ya onye isi otu . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chillsoccer.com/news_article/show/644609?referrer_id=2413137|title=Women's Premier Team Welcomes First Signing Fatima Leyva|accessdate=2016-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104144304/http://www.chillsoccer.com/news_article/show/644609?referrer_id=2413137|archivedate=2017-01-04}}</ref> == Ọrụ mgbasa ozi == Mgbe ndị otu mba Mexico enweghị ike iru eru maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2003, Univision goro ya ọrụ dịka onye na-akọwa agba maka mgbasa ozi iko ya. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Fátima Leyva – FIFA competition record (archived) {{DEFAULTSORT:Leyva, Fátima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1zz9r0c5qcokcqabp6ypd0nu7cwz3yv 0 54426 692416 194135 2026-07-29T23:40:13Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Fatima Abdulhamid''' ( ; amuru 1982) bu onye ode akwukwo Saudi Arabia . Amụrụ na Jeddah, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara akparamaagwa na mahadum wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ. Akwụkwọ ya gụnyere nchịkọta akụkọ mkpụmkpụ ''dị ka ụgbọ elu akwụkwọ'' (2010) na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke 2022 ''bụ akụkụ kachasị elu nke Horizon'' ka ahọpụtara maka ihe nrite Booker Arabic . Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''Edge nke Silver'' (2013) na ''F maka nwanyị'' (2016). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatima Abdulhamid {{!}} International Prize for Arabic Fiction|url=https://arabicfiction.org/en/node/2078|accessdate=2024-08-04|work=arabicfiction.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with longlisted author Fatima Abdulhamid {{!}} International Prize for Arabic Fiction|url=https://arabicfiction.org/en/node/2154|accessdate=2024-08-04|work=arabicfiction.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-30|title=«الأفق الأعلى» رواية الكاتبة السعودية فاطمة عبد الحميد: أشكال الحياة في الموت والنقصان|url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A/|accessdate=2024-08-04|work=web.archive.org|archivedate=2023-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330071954/https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A/}}</ref> == Ntụaka == mkpụmkpụ dị ka ihe niile{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdulhamid, Fatima}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 25h71v32ayt2rhe2a16dcc9f8uws0a7 0 54680 692381 195614 2026-07-29T22:18:34Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort and databox 692381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Datuk Faridah Merican''' (nke a maara dị ka Faridah Merican), amụrụ 25 Ọktoba 1939, bụ onye omere, onye ntụzi, onye nrụpụta na ihe nkiri. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke ihe nkiri Studio (Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Center, na Performing Arts Center nke Penang (Penangpac). == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Merican toro na George Town, Penang, ma kwuo na Penang nwata ya na nghọta ya banyere Hokkien na Cantonese . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2019/07/17/malaysias-first-lady-of-theatre-faridah-merican-speaks-on-directing-her-fir/1772248|title=Malaysia’s first lady of theatre Faridah Merican speaks on directing her first Hokkien and Cantonese play {{!}} Malay Mail|author=Chalil|first=Melanie|work=www.malaymail.com|language=en}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ St George Girls, ebe ọ chọpụtara mmasị na ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/entertainment-news/indefatigable-faridah-merican-43483|title=The indefatigable Faridah Merican|author=Shanin|first=Shein|date=September 19, 2014|work=english.astroawani.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-28|archivedate=2019-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428085006/http://english.astroawani.com/entertainment-news/indefatigable-faridah-merican-43483}}</ref> Nna ya, Basha Merican, kụziiri asụsụ Bekee na akwụkwọ na Penang Free School, na Merican zụrụ azụ ka ọ bụrụ onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, ọkachamara na agụmakwụkwọ anụ ahụ. Mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Kota Baru Teachers Training College, ọ pụtara dị ka Kate na mmepụta nke Shakespeare's ''The Taming of the Shrew'' . == Ọrụ == N'afọ ndị 1960 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ akụkọ maka Radio Malaysia, wee kwado ihe ngosi redio na ihe nkiri na mgbasa ozi. Site na 1969 rụrụ ọrụ na props na nkedo maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi HS Benson. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/people/2015/04/03/faridah-merican-talks-about-her-childhood-her-foray-into-theatre-and-directing-usman-awangs-uda-dan|title=Faridah Merican on theatre, her childhood, and directing Usman Awang’s ‘Uda Dan Dara’|author=Maganathan|first=Dinesh Kumar|date=2015-04-03|work=The Star Online|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-29}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi na ihe nkiri Malaysian postcolonial nke 1960s na 1970s, pụtara na mmepụta nke ''Lela Mayang, Tok Perak,'' na ''Alang Rentak Seribu.'' <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/people/2019/10/25/faridah-merican-the-actors-studio|title=Faridah Merican at 80: still a child of theatre|author=Chandy|first=Ann Marie|date=2019-10-25|work=The Star Online|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-29}}</ref> Ọ gbara egwu na mmepụta mbụ nke egwu egwu Malay mbụ, ''Uda Dan Dara'' nke Usman Awang, na 1972. O mechara pụta na mweghachi nke egwu na 1984, wee mepụta ma duzie mmepụta nke otu ọrụ ahụ na 2002 na 2015 n'otu n'otu. <ref name=":0"/> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Bahasa Malaysia, Hokkien na Cantonese, dị ka ma onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nduzi. Ọ pụtawo na mmepụta Malay abụọ nke onye na-eme egwuregwu China Tsao Yu 's 1933 kpochapụwo ''Thunderstorm'', na 1983 na 2001, ma duzie mmepụta nke egwuregwu ahụ na Bekee (2017) na Hokkien na Cantonese (2019). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/style-life/entertainment/faridah-merican-is-still-up-to-the-challenge-YF1124405|title=Faridah Merican is still up to the challenge|author=S|first=Bissme|work=www.thesundaily.my|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-29}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ lụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nduzi Australia Joe Hasham, onye ya na ya rụkọrọ ọrụ na Actors Studio (Malaysia) na 1989. Na 1995 ha guzobere oghere ihe nkiri na Plaza Putra, Dataran Merdeka . Iju mmiri mebiri oghere ahụ na 2003 ma ha mechara hiwe ụlọ ọrụ nka nke Kuala Lumpur . <ref name=":0"/> Na 2011 ha tọrọ ntọala Performing Arts Center of Penang (Penangpac). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.awanireview.com/articles/2018/01/22/news/faridah-merican-catch-them-early-act-them-young-100/|title=Faridah Merican: Catch Them Early, 'Act' Them Young|work=www.awanireview.com|accessdate=2019-11-29}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == Merican anatala Boh Cameronian Lifetime Achievement Award, Ahli Mangku Negara, na ihe nrite pụtara ìhè na nka nka, ọdịbendị na ihe ntụrụndụ na onyinye nnabata ụmụ nwanyị Malaysian nke kacha mma ''.'' <ref name=":1"/> Ọ nwetara nzere Master of Letter site na Mahadum Sains Malaysia yana Doctorate Honorary in Arts site na Mahadum Taylor . Ọ bụ Prọfesọ Adjunct na Onye isi mmepe mmemme nke TUTAS, nzere izizi nka nka na Malaysia, nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Studio na Mahadum Taylor na-elekọta. <ref name=":1"/> == Ntụaka == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Merican, Faridah}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mnegs9mhs7zz4q4b1ogey1brksyybfa 0 55000 692384 538902 2026-07-29T22:29:09Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Farooque Ahmed''' ( amuru ya na1976) o bu onye Paskitani- American si n'obodo Ashburn, Virginia onye ndi nchoputa nke Federal Bureau jidere maka ikpu bombu na Washington Metro Stations no na Arlington Cemetery, Pentagon City, Crystal City na Court House . <ref name="wp20101028">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/27/AR2010102707929.html|title=Man accused of Metro bomb plot|author=Finn|first=Peter|date=October 28, 2010|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=October 28, 2010}}</ref> <ref name="nyt20101027" /></ref> E boro ya ebubo na ọ na-anwa inye nkwado ihe onwunwe maka otu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu, ịnakọta ozi iji nyere aka n'ịhazi mwakpo ndị na-eme ihe ike na ụlọ ọrụ njem, na ịnwa inye ndị na-ese egwu nkwado ihe onyinyo.<ref name="xinhua20101028">{{Àtụ:Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-10/28/c_13578650.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107012356/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-10/28/c_13578650.htm|archivedate=November 7, 2012|title=Suspect arrested in U.S. for plotting subway attack|date=October 28, 2010|work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|accessdate=October 28, 2010}}</ref> N'ubochi April 11, 2011, amara ya ikpe ino n'ulo mkporo afo iri abuo na ato mgbe achoputara n'oya mere aru ahu.<ref name="wp20110411" /></ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == A mụrụ Ahmed na Lahore, Pakistan, wee bụrụ nwa amaala US na 2002. <ref name="wp20101029">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/29/AR2010102904259.html|title=D.C. Metro terror suspect faces hearing|date=October 29, 2010|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=October 30, 2010|first=Annie|author=Gowen}}</ref> Ọ bi na US kemgbe afọ 1993.<ref name="bbc20101028">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-11646032|title=DC 'bomb plot' man tried to contact militants, FBI says|date=October 28, 2010|work=[[BBC]]|accessdate=October 28, 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-11646032 "DC 'bomb plot' man tried to contact militants, FBI says"]. ''[[BBC]]''. October 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> O nwere nzere bachelọ na Computer Science site na College of Staten Island ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta netwọk maka Ericsson. E debara aha ya na nzere n'ịntanetị na njikwa ihe ize ndụ na Mahadum Aspen. Ọ lụrụ di ma nwee nwa nwoke.<ref name="wp20101028" /><cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFinn2010">Finn, Peter (October 28, 2010). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/27/AR2010102707929.html "Man accused of Metro bomb plot"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> O nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọtụtụ mmebi iwu na nsogbu akwụmụgwọ.<ref name="nyt20101027">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/28/us/28bomb.html|title=Virginia Man Is Charged in Plot on Capital Subway|author=Tavernise|first=Sabrina|date=October 27, 2010|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=October 28, 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFTavernise2010">Tavernise, Sabrina (October 27, 2010). [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/28/us/28bomb.html "Virginia Man Is Charged in Plot on Capital Subway"]. ''[[The New York Times]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbe mbụ ọ pụtara n'ụlọ ikpe, o kwuru na ya enweghị ike ịzụta onye ọka iwu.<ref name="nyt20101027" /> == Njide == Dị ka odeakwụkwọ mgbasa ozi White House si kwuo, a gwara [[Barack Obama]] banyere ọrụ Ahmed tupu e jide ya. E jidere Ahmed n'oge na-adịghị anya n'October 27, 2010. E boro ya ebubo na ọ na-enyocha ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Metrorail dị na Arlington County, Virginia ma na-edekọ vidiyo nke ọdụ ahụ ugboro anọ. N'ọnwa Julaị, o nyefere ihe nkiri ahụ n'aka onye o kwenyere na ọ bụ onye ọrụ Al-Qaeda.<ref name="nyt20101027" /><cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFTavernise2010">Tavernise, Sabrina (October 27, 2010). [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/28/us/28bomb.html "Virginia Man Is Charged in Plot on Capital Subway"]. ''[[The New York Times]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> Dị ka ebubo ahụ si kwuo, ọ gwara ndị ọrụ nzuzo na mwakpo ga-akpata ọtụtụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ n'etiti elekere 4:00 nke mgbede na elekere 5:00 nke mgbụsị akwụkwọ ma tụọ aro itinye bọmbụ ndị ahụ n'ime akpa na-agbagharị. &nbsp;&nbsp;Atụmatụ mwakpo ahụ malitere n'oge Eprel 18, 2010, dị ka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị si kwuo.<ref name="wsj20101028">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304173704575578444260474572|title=Arrest in FBI Terror Sting|author=Perez|first=Evan|date=October 28, 2010|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|accessdate=October 28, 2010}}</ref> Ọ gwakwara ndị ọrụ nzuzo na ọ ga-adị njikere ịme jihad megide America na Jenụwarị 2011 mgbe ọ rụchara Hajji na Nọvemba 2010. N'oge e jidere ya, o yighị ka Ahmed natara ọzụzụ agha ọ bụla na mba ofesi site na Al-Qaeda ma ọ bụ ndị mmekọ ya. Ọ gwara ndị ọrụ na ọ dị njikere ịnwụ onwe ya n'ihi okwukwe ya ma kụziere onwe ya nkà ọgụ, iji égbè, na usoro mma na égbè, nkà o nyere iji kụziere ndị ọzọ.<ref name="wp20101029" /><cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGowenHsu2010">Gowen, Annie; Hsu, Spencer S. (October 29, 2010). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/29/AR2010102904259.html "D.C. Metro terror suspect faces hearing"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> == Ikpe == N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2011, a mara Ahmed ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri abụọ na atọ mgbe ọ kwupụtara na ikpe mara ya maka ịnwa inye nkwado ihe onwunwe maka otu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu mba ọzọ na ịnakọta ozi iji nyere aka n'ịhazi mwakpo ndị na-eme ihe ike na ụlọ ọrụ na-agafe agafe.<ref name="wp20110411">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/va-man-gets-23-years-in-plot-to-bomb-metro-stations/2011/04/11/AFZFXzMD_story.html|title=Va. man gets 23 years in plot to bomb Metro stations|author=Hedgepeth|first=Dana|work=Washington Post|accessdate=April 12, 2011|date=April 11, 2011}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHedgepeth2011">Hedgepeth, Dana (April 11, 2011). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/va-man-gets-23-years-in-plot-to-bomb-metro-stations/2011/04/11/AFZFXzMD_story.html "Va. man gets 23 years in plot to bomb Metro stations"]. ''Washington Post''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Dị ka akụkụ nke nkwekọrịta arịrịọ arịrịọ, ndị ọkàiwu wepụrụ otu n'ime ebubo ndị ahụ na Ahmed onye chere ihe ruru afọ 50 n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ihu kwetara na a ga-ama ya ikpe afọ 23.<ref name="RA20110411">{{Àtụ:Cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFTRE73A6JE20110411?sp=true|title=Pakistani-American gets 23 years for U.S. subway plot|author=Vicini|first=James|work=Reuters Africa|publisher=April 11, 2011|accessdate=April 12, 2011|date=April 11, 2011}}</ref> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Farooque}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 71ywg2uyset8lqfe56b9r6fdb4jnkit 0 55491 692110 198697 2026-07-29T17:49:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692110 wikitext text/x-wiki Viomak Violah Makande bụ onye Zimbabwe amụrụ onye enyemaka, onye egwu ngagharị iwe, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na onye na-akwado echiche nke bi ugbu a na Britain..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-10-29-zimbabwean-singer-packs-protest-punch/|title=Zimbabwean singer packs protest punch|date=29 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/News24/Its-time-to-quit-Mugabe-20071029|title='It's time to quit Mugabe'}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ na Mutare, Manicaland, Viomak nwere nzere BA. Degree General, Diploma na ntọala agụmakwụkwọ na asambodo gụsịrị akwụkwọ na agụmakwụkwọ sitere na Mahadum Zimbabwe, yana nzere masta na mmụta mmụta- mmụta mmụta sitere na mahadum Canada. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://viomakcharitymusic.com/biography.html|title=Biography of Viomak|accessdate=2008-05-19|archivedate=2008-03-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313191256/http://www.viomakcharitymusic.com/biography.html}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == Viomak bụ otu n'ime obere ìgwè ndị na-eti egwu na Zimbabwe mere ngagharị iwe megide ọchịchị Robert Mugabe.<ref name="News24">{{Cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/Zimbabwe/Its-time-to-quit-Mugabe-20071029|title='It's time to quit Mugabe'|work=News24|date=29 October 2007|accessdate=16 March 2020}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwughachi Bible n'abụ ya. <ref name="News24" /> A machibidoro egwu ya na redio gọọmentị na Zimbabwe.   [ihe odide dị mkpa] mana a ka nwere ike inweta ya na nzuzo na mba ahụ.   Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-edekọ egwu na Zimbabwe ajụla ịnabata egwu ya.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> A na-eji ọgụ Viomak tụnyere ndị na-emegide ya na ndị nta akụkọ, ndị a na-enye nsogbu ma na-ejide n'okpuru iwu dịka POSA.   Viomak na-eji aha nka ya iji chebe ndị ikwu ya; Violet ma ọ bụ Viola Makoni na Violet ma ọ bụrụ Viola Makunike ka ndị nledo nke òtù na-achị Zanupf tụụrụ aro mgbe etinyechara Viomak n'ime ndepụta ndị mmegide dị elu ma nwụọ n'etiti ndị nta akụkọ nwere onwe ha bụ ndị gbapụrụ na Zimbabwe echewo egwu ọnwụ maka ileda anya Viomak gbapụrụ Zimbabwe maka Halifax, Nova Scotia, ebe ya na di ya biri afọ ise tupu ha alaghachi na nzuzo na Zimbabwe na August 2006 site na Botswana. O biri na nzuzo na nso Harare ọnwa anọ, na-ezochi ọdịdị ya ka ọ dekọọ ọba abụọ n'otu ụlọ ọrụ dị n'obodo ahụ, wee kwaga England, bụ ebe e nyere ya mgbaba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị; di ya na ụmụ ya abụọ sonyeere ya na Birmingham na 2007. <ref name="News24"/> Na Mee 2007 Viomak guzobere ndị ohu nke eziokwu na Britain nke ndị egwu Zimbabwe asaa a ma ama mejupụtara. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu nkwado ahụ na ndị egwu Zimbabwe ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-egwuri egwu.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2007, Viomak mere emume iji gosipụta nhụjuanya nke ụmụ nwanyị Zimbabwe na-enweghị ike ịzụta uwe dị ọcha.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, n'ụbọchị nnwere onwe nke Zimbabwe, Viomak na onye njikwa ya malitere ụlọ ọrụ redio Ịntanetị, "Voto" (Voices of the Oppressed). Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-egosi naanị ihe osise mkpesa nke Zimbabwe na ebumnuche ilekwasị anya na mkpa nnwere onwe nke ikwu okwu egwu na mba ebe a na-emegbu olu ndị na-emegide ya nke ukwuu.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Mgbalị na ọrụ enyemaka == Viomak bụ onye a ma ama na-anakọta ego na onye ọrụ ebere nke na-enyere ọtụtụ ndị Zimbabwe na ndị Afrịka nọ na mkpa aka na otu ndị Zimbabwe na UK, Zimbabwe na South Africa. N'afọ 2007, o guzobere Zimbabwe Institute For Free Expression (ZIFFE) mgbe ahụ na Septemba 2011 Viomak guzobere otu Facebook na ibe iji kwalite nnwere onwe ikwu okwu ma nye ndị Zimbabwe ikpo okwu ikwu okwu n'atụghị egwu. N'afọ 2010, Viomak guzobere òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Zimbabwe Development Leaders (ZIDELE). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.groundreport.com/woman-president-for-zimbabwe-as-activist-reveals-plans-on-political-party-formation/|title=Woman President for Zimbabwe as activist reveals plans on political party formation|date=11 July 2010|accessdate=27 November 2024|archivedate=19 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119224909/https://www.groundreport.com/woman-president-for-zimbabwe-as-activist-reveals-plans-on-political-party-formation/}}</ref> Viomak guzobere Hope for Zimbabwe Children otu nzukọ na-akwado ikike ụmụaka na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma ruo afọ 17 maka inye nlekọta ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Hope for Women Survivors ebe ọ na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na-adịghị ike. Site na Hope for Women Survivors Viomak na-enyere ụmụ nwanyị aka na-eche ime ihe ike n'ụlọ na ohere na-ahaghị nhata ihu.Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ òtù nkwado gụnyere ụlọ Matthew Rusike Children, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2004/08/06/new-currency-damning-song-on-cards/|title=New currency damning song on cards|date=5 August 2004|accessdate=27 November 2024|archivedate=22 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522070020/https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2004/08/06/new-currency-damning-song-on-cards/}}</ref> Kubatana, Extreme Trans Children's orphanage, Women Fertility Zimbabwe na Zimbabwe Peace Project. == Mbipụta == * ''Obi ụtọ nke 82nd Birthday President R.G Mugabe (Mmetụta nke Enweghị Mmetụta) ''. Viomak wepụtara abọm a na 12 Febụwarị 2006 iji mee emume ncheta ọmụmụ nke 82 nke Mugabe. * Happy 83rd Birthday President R.G Mugabe (Bones of A 30-Year-Old), nke e wepụtara na Zimbabwe na 21 Febụwarị 2007 bụ nchịkọta nke egwu egwu na-atọ ụtọ dị ka ihe na-esote abọm mbụ ya Happy 82nd Birthday President G Mugabe . A machibidoro egwu mkpesa a na mgbasa ozi nke gọọmentị. Abọm egwu asatọ ahụ gosipụtara egwu dịka Inzwa Mugabe (Gụrụ Mugabe), Mugabe Usambozvinyengedza (Mugabe anaghị aghọgbu onwe ya), na Mang ume Baba (Good morning Dad). * Happy 84th Birthday President R.G Matibili (Great son of Malawi), bụ abọm nke atọ nke Viomak, nke e wepụtara na 21 Febụwarị 2008. == Ihe odide == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rqtlqhuyrta29tfw7hp7tj6px8pipdi 0 55515 692101 538907 2026-07-29T17:26:40Z King ChristLike 13051 added {{DEFAULTSORT}} and {{databox}} 692101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Fartuun Abdisalaan Adan (Somali: Fartuun Aadan, Arabic: فرتون آدن) bụ onye na-akwado mmekọrịta mmadụ na Somalia. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Elman Peace and Human Rights Center.. == Ndụ onwe onye == Adan tolitere na [[Somalia]]. Ọ lụrụ Elman Ali Ahmed, onye ọchụnta ego obodo na onye na-ahụ maka udo.<ref name="CNN">{{Cite web|title=Rape and injustice: The woman breaking Somalia's wall of silence|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/05/world/africa/rape-and-injustice-somalia-silence/|publisher=CNN|accessdate=8 February 2014|author=Nima Elbagir|date=5 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="Dsaiceadup">{{Cite web|title=Documento - Somalia: Amnistia Internacional condena el asesinato de un pacifista|url=https://www.amnesty.org/es/documents/afr52/001/1996/es/|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=9 February 2014}}</ref> Di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ nwanyị anọ.<ref name="Dsaiceadup" /> N’afọ 1996, n’oge agha obodo ahụ katọrọ, e gburu di Adan n’akụkụ ebe ezinụlọ ha bi n’ebe ndịda Mogadishu.[1] Adan mechara kwaga Canada na 1999. <ref name="CNN" /><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNima_ElbagirLillian_Leposo2013">Nima Elbagir; Lillian Leposo (5 August 2013). [http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/05/world/africa/rape-and-injustice-somalia-silence/ "Rape and injustice: The woman breaking Somalia's wall of silence"]. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> N'afọ 2007, ọ laghachiri Somalia iji kwado udo na ikike mmadụ.<ref name="CNN" /><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNima_ElbagirLillian_Leposo2013">Nima Elbagir; Lillian Leposo (5 August 2013). [http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/05/world/africa/rape-and-injustice-somalia-silence/ "Rape and injustice: The woman breaking Somalia's wall of silence"]. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> Na Nọvemba 20, 2019, ndị ọchịchị obodo kwupụtara na nwa ya nwanyị [[Almas Elman|Almaas Elman]], onye laghachiri Somalia dị ka onye ọrụ enyemaka, gbara egbe ma gbuo ya n'ụgbọala, na nso ọdụ ụgbọ elu Mogadishu. == Ọrụ == Adan bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Elman Peace and Human Rights Center, otu NGO nke dị na Mogadishu hibere iji sọpụrụ di ya nwụrụ anwụ.[1] Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke nzukọ ahụ, ebe nwa ha nwanyị Ilwad na-eso ya na-arụkọ ọrụ..<ref name="Csoflors">{{Cite news|title=Canadian sisters on front lines of rebuilding Somalia|url=http://hiiraan.ca/news4/2013/May/29479/canadian_sisters_on_front_lines_of_rebuilding_somalia.aspx|accessdate=9 February 2014|work=Hiiraan|date=23 May 2013}}</ref> Site n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, o sokwa guzobe Sister Somalia, mmemme mbụ nke mba ahụ maka enyemaka nke ndị a na-eme ihe ike mmekọahụ. <ref name="CNN" /><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNima_ElbagirLillian_Leposo2013">Nima Elbagir; Lillian Leposo (5 August 2013). [http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/05/world/africa/rape-and-injustice-somalia-silence/ "Rape and injustice: The woman breaking Somalia's wall of silence"]. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> == Onyinye == N'afọ 2013, e nyere Adan onyinye International Women of Courage Award site na Ngalaba Mba United States.<ref name="IWOC">{{Cite web|title=2013 International Women of Courage Award Winners|url=https://www.state.gov/s/gwi/programs/iwoc/2013/bio/|publisher=U.S. Department of State|accessdate=8 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219093112/http://www.state.gov/s/gwi/programs/iwoc/2013/bio/|archivedate=19 December 2013}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, ọ nwetakwara onyinye site n'aka gọọmentị [[Jémanị|Germany]] maka ọrụ ya na Elman Peace and Human Rights Centre. <ref name="Gsgwpcotp">{{Cite news|title=SOMALIA: Government Weekly Press Conference on the Progress|url=http://gaafo.com/399362/somalia-government-weekly-press-conference-on-the-progress/|accessdate=14 December 2014|date=6 December 2014}}</ref> Fartuun Adan, ya na nwa ya nwanyị [[Ilwad Elman]] so na ndị ikpeazụ a họpụtara maka Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity na 2017. == Ihe odide == {{DEFAULTSORT:Adan, Fartuun}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 49nwsc746ufistql1kywp0hdb16znla 0 56203 692373 200909 2026-07-29T21:47:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692373 wikitext text/x-wiki N'ụdị ọdịnala Appalachian, "Nwanyị na-eyi oji" bụ onye ụmụaka nke mmadụ nke na-ahụ na mpaghara dị iche iche na Southern United States na Western United States na-eme ruo n'etiti afọ 1900. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Iji ka ike ifo si kwuo, ezoro yi uwe ojii na-pọ n'ihu ndị ikom na-akpa ego ego, ghọgburu ndị mmadụ ha, ma ọ bụ mebie omume ọma.  Folklore na-ekwu na obodo ndị dị ka Bristol, Virginia, Tazewell, Virginia, Lynchburg, Virginia, Richmond, Virginia na Jackson, Minnesota [aha dị mkpa] bụ ihe mgbaàmà yi oji letara.   Dị ka otu okwu si kwuo, ọ ተጨማሪ "na ike na ike" na Roanoke, Virginia na 1902 nye ndị ikom ike ogologo oge na ihe ha, na-ekwusi ike na ha ga-ala n'ihe ngwa ngwa o kwere mee.  Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ekwu na enyo uwe ojii na-akụ, na-akụ ma ọ bụ na-akụ nwoke n'ala ma ọ bụ "na-eji uwe ya na-agbaji ya n'ụwa" dị ka ịbọ ọbọ maka ọtọ ya.[1]  Ọ bụrụ na ọ gaa n'ihu, a ga-egbu ndị ikom ahụ n'ebe o mere ihe ya. <ref name="RoanokeTimes">{{Cite web|author=Harvey|first=Neil|title="The Woman in Black"|url=http://roanoke.com/app/blox/discover/|work=Discover history & heritage. Mysteries of Southwest Virginia|publisher=The Roanoke Times, 2016|accessdate=10 June 2019|pages=92–97|archivedate=26 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126054502/http://roanoke.com/app/blox/discover/}}</ref> E kwuru na ikwu ya na Roanoke nwere ike dị mma nke idebe ndị ikom mụrụ di n'alụ na ndị ozi ha na kama ịpụ kwa ire.  Otu ndị na-ekwu na ọrọ na ike n'ihu ndị ikom a anọ nke ụka Ndị na-eso ụzọ na-papa na Tazewell, Virginia, ma ire ha egwu nke ukwuu nke na ha niile gbagara n'iche. A na-ekwu mgbe ụfọdụ na ndị ụgbọ agha na ndị ọchụnta ego a ma ama bụ na echere yi oji letara ha.  Na Machị 1902, e kwuru na H. S. Wetherald, onye nchịkọta nke Alma Journal;  Frank Griggsby, onye isi na-ere ụgbọ ala n' ahụ;  na Ashton C. Shallenberger, onye omeiwu nke Nebraska nke ise, na onye mechara bụrụ nke nchekwa Nebraska, bụ ndị otu n'ihi na-eyi Black na Alma, Nebraska "na-agbagharị"".<ref name="RoanokeTimes"/> == Hụkwa == * La Llorona * The Woman in Black - akwụkwọ egwu nke Susan Hill dere n'afọ 1983. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ == * Roberts, Nancy, na Nancy Roberts. Mmụọ nke Southern Mountains na Appalachia. Columbia, S.C.: Mahadum nke South Carolina Press, 1988. Na-atụle nwanyị ahụ yi oji site na Ugwu Smokey nke Tennessee. * Schlosser, S. E. Spooky South: Akụkọ nke Hauntings, Strange Happenings, na akụkọ ọdịbendị ndị ọzọ. "Nwanyị na-eyi oji (Savannah, Georgia) ". 2016. * Taylor, L. B. The Big Book of Virginia Ghost Stories. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Taylor, L. B., na Mark A. Davis. L.B. Taylor, Jr.'s Ghost Stories of Virginia. "Nwanyị na-eyi oji (Smoky Mountains, Tennessee) ". Mpịakọta nke Mbụ. Mpịakọta nke Mbụ. [Ebe a na-ebipụta ya amaghị]: In Mind, Inc, 2004. * Taylor, L. B. Haunted Roanoke. 2013. "Nwanyị efu nke Roanoke na oji". m8j4b2dm8z5gm19dnet6vm5frioup74 0 56619 692323 674356 2026-07-29T19:30:38Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT and Databox 692323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Felix Ilaweagbon Omobude (amuru na Maachị 14, 1946) bu onye ndu ndi Kristian nke Naijiria, onye nkwusa, na onye isi nleba anya nke Gospel Light International Ministries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Felix Omobude Archives|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/felix-omobude/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Godwin|first=Ameh Comrade|date=2017-02-10|title=PFN returns Omobude as president for another four years|url=https://dailypost.ng/2017/02/10/pfn-returns-omobude-president-another-four-years/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-15|title=Rev. Dr. Felix I. Omobude - GLIM - New Covenant Gospel Church|url=https://www.glimng.org/about-us/rev-felix-omobude/|accessdate=2023-07-24|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Naija|first=JoJo|date=2021-11-21|title=Top 10 Most Influential Pastors In Edo State|url=https://jojonaija.com/top-10-most-influential-pastors-in-edo-state/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=Jojo Naija|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724125032/https://jojonaija.com/top-10-most-influential-pastors-in-edo-state/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Godwin|first=Ameh Comrade|date=2017-02-10|title=PFN returns Omobude as president for another four years|url=https://dailypost.ng/2017/02/10/pfn-returns-omobude-president-another-four-years/|accessdate=2023-07-29|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Times|first=Church|date=2020-07-26|title=Edo 2020: Vote wisely, Omobude tells electorate as Obaseki visits religious leaders for prayers - Church Times Nigeria - News, features and more|url=https://churchtimesnigeria.net/edo-2020-electorate/|accessdate=2023-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=sunnews|date=2016-03-13|title=Dr. FELIX ILAWEAGBON OMOBUDE- I WENT TO CRUSADE TO MOCK ARCHBISHOP IDAHOSA, BUT GOD ARRESTED ME|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/dr-felix-ilaweagbon-omobude-i-went-to-crusade-to-mock-archbishop-idahosa-but-god-arrested-me/|accessdate=2023-07-29|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=2013-02-09|title=Oritsejafor announces Omobude as new PFN president|url=https://dailypost.ng/2013/02/09/oritsejafor-announces-omobude-as-new-pfn-president/|accessdate=2023-07-29|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Felix Ilaweagbon Omobude na March 14, 1946, na Evbuobanosa (a na-akpọbu Owa) n'okpuru ọchịchị Orhionmwon nke dị na Edo State, Nigeria. N'agbanyeghị na ọ tolitere n'ọnọdụ dị umeala dị ka nwa nke atọ n'ime ezinụlọ nke nwere ụmụ iri na anọ, ọ zụlitere mmasị maka agụmakwụkwọ na ọchịchọ inyere ndị ọzọ aka na nchụso agụmakwụkwọ ha.. <ref>{{Cite web|author=punchng|date=2019-05-26|title=Buhari should correct lopsided appointments, boost agric — PFN President, Omobude|url=https://punchng.com/buhari-should-correct-lopsided-appointments-boost-agric-pfn-president-omobude/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=punchng|date=2018-12-22|title=Anti-graft agencies should be truly independent — Omobude, PFN president|url=https://punchng.com/anti-graft-agencies-should-be-truly-independent-omobude-pfn-president/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Adedipe|first=Adeyinka|date=2021-10-21|title=Nation Building: Nigeria needs divine Intervention, says Omobude|url=https://punchng.com/nation-building-nigeria-needs-divine-intervention-says-omobude/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=sunnews|date=2016-03-13|title=Dr. FELIX ILAWEAGBON OMOBUDE- I WENT TO CRUSADE TO MOCK ARCHBISHOP IDAHOSA, BUT GOD ARRESTED ME|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/dr-felix-ilaweagbon-omobude-i-went-to-crusade-to-mock-archbishop-idahosa-but-god-arrested-me/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> == Mmụta == Omobude gụsịrị akwụkwọ Full Technological Certificate ya na City & Guild of London Institute na 1974 wee nweta asambodo site na Council of Engineering Institute Examination na London. Ọ gara n'ihu na ọmụmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ya na Christ for the Nations Institute na Dallas, [[Texas]], na-enweta asambodo na nkà mmụta okpukpe na 1981. Ka e mesịrị, na 1984, ọ nwetara Ph.D. (D.Min) site n'otu ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. N'afọ 1986, e nyere ya nzere Doctorate Honorary na Divinity site na San Antonio Theological Seminary na United States. <ref>{{Cite web|author=II|first=Administrator|title=Buhari salutes PFN president, Felix Omobude at 74 – Blueprint Newspapers|date=17 March 2020|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/buhari-salutes-pfn-president-felix-omobude-at-74/|accessdate=2023-07-24|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Buhari Felicitates with Ex-PFN President, Omobude, at 75 - THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/14/buhari-felicitates-with-ex-pfn-president-omobude-at-75|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=www.thisdaylive.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=A servant of God, working tirelessly to improve others: Buhari hails Omobude - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/03/14/a-servant-of-god-working-tirelessly-to-improve-others-buhari-hails-omobude/|accessdate=2023-07-24|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Okoro|first=Churchill|date=2021-01-10|title=Nigeria is getting worse by the day under Buhari's watch – PFN|url=https://businessday.ng/life/article/nigeria-is-getting-worse-by-the-day-under-buharis-watch-pfn/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ ozi na idu ndú == Omobude jere ozi na ndị ụkọchukwu nke Church of God Mission International n'okpuru Achịbishọp [[Benson Idahosa]] nwụrụ anwụ tupu o guzobe Gospel Light International Ministries (New Covenant Gospel Church) na 1988. Ministri ahụ nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa ya na Benin City, Nigeria, ma nwee alaka na mba ahụ na karịa. Omobude etinyela aka na ọtụtụ òtù Ndị Kraịst nke mba na nke mba ụwa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria (PFN) na dịka onye otu National Board of Advisors maka PFN. O nweela ọkwa dịka onye nnọchi anya mba maka ICARE Inc. na Yuma, [[Arizona]], [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|USA]], na onye otu Board of Elders for Faith Community Churches International na Tucson, Arizona, US. == Ndụ ezinụlọ == Omobude lụrụ Pastor Mrs. Abiola Theodora Omobude, onye na-agụ egwú gospel na onye nkwusa. Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ, Reverend Ebenezer Omobude na Sarah Omobude. == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == * Ị bụ Ihe Ọ Na-ahọrọ * Ọkụ na-ere ọkụ * Mkpu n'Ọzara * Mmụọ Nsọ * Ịga Nri n'Ụzọ Ime Anwụ * Anọ m n'ebe ha nọdụrụ * Ịtọhapụ Ike nke Otu Iri * Ike nke Ndụ Na-adịghị Agwụ Agwụ Agha * Ònye bụ Ọkpara Ị? == Edensibịa == {{DEFAULTSORT:Omobude, Felix}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hyn2ska85g9p1111rjag98mdsgcv4bl 0 56648 692483 400447 2026-07-30T08:47:20Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort and added databox 692483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A mụrụ Gabriel Akinbolarin Akinbiyi na 5th nke Disemba, 1949. Ọ lụrụ Oriakụ Stella A. Akinbiyi sometime between 1956-1961, ọ gara St John's Anglican school oke Igbo ma mesịa gaa local Authority modern school oke Igbo, n'oge 1962-1964. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara n'ogige ọzụzụ diocesan, wusasa Zaria (D.T.C) na 1975-1976.[1] Ọ bụ Bishọp Akoko na mpaghara Anglican nke Ondo na Ụka ​​Nigeria[2] rue 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anglican-nig.org/our-provinces/ecclesiastical-province-of-ondo/|title=Ecclesiastical Province of Ondo &#124; Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion)|date=26 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anglican.ink/2019/08/23/six-bishops-elected-by-the-church-of-nigeria-house-of-bishops/|title=six-bishops-elected-by-the-church-of-nigeria-house-of-bishops|accessdate=2021-03-01|work=anglican.ink|date=23 August 2019}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Immanuel College of Theology, Ibadan na 1978 wee pụọ na 1981, ọ bụ dikọn n'otu afọ ahụ wee mee mkpesa na 1982, Ọ gara n'ihu n'ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na Oak Hill College, London na 1987-1990, ebe ọ nwetara D.H.E, BA wee gaa King's College London n'etiti 1999-1991 ebe ọ nwetara Masters na Theology.<ref name="auto" />{{Cite web|date=2016-09-28|title=Brief Bishop's Profile|url=http://www.akokoanglicandiocese.org/brief-bishops-profile/|accessdate=2021-03-01|work=Anglican Diocese of Akoko|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-09-28|title=Brief Bishop's Profile|url=http://www.akokoanglicandiocese.org/brief-bishops-profile/|accessdate=2023-04-06|work=Anglican Diocese of Akoko|language=en-US}}</ref> O jere ozi n'ọtụtụ ụka dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke Naịjirịa, ebe ndị dị ka [[Zaria]], [[Ȯra Kaduna|Kaduna]], [[Nkeji Ochíchííwu Kano|Kano]], [[Gusau]], Offa na ugbu a [[Akoko]] <ref name=":0" /> E mere ya Canon n'afọ 1993, e mekwara ya [[Archdeacon|acon]]" id="mwOA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Archdeacon">Archde<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archdeacon {{!}} ecclesiastical title {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/archdeacon|accessdate=2023-04-05|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> n'afọ 1994. N'afọ 1998 e mere ya Bishọp nke Offa; diocese Anglican na July 2008, a kpọfere ya na Akoko ebe ọ ghọrọ Bishọm diocese nke Akoko.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|date=2016-09-28|title=Brief Bishop's Profile|url=http://www.akokoanglicandiocese.org/brief-bishops-profile/|accessdate=2021-03-01|work=Anglican Diocese of Akoko|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.akokoanglicandiocese.org/brief-bishops-profile/ "Brief Bishop's Profile"]. ''Anglican Diocese of Akoko''. 2016-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> E mere ya Canon n'afọ 1993 ma na 1994 e mere ya Archdeacon. N'afọ 1998, e mere ya Bishọp nke Offa Anglican Diocese ma n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2008, a kpọfere ya na Akoko Anglican diocese dị ka Bishọm Diocesan. A na-agọzi ya na ụmụ Chineke na nwa nwa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-28|title=Brief Bishop's Profile|url=http://www.akokoanglicandiocese.org/brief-bishops-profile/|accessdate=2023-04-07|work=Anglican Diocese of Akoko|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akinbiyi, Gabriel}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] akohqgut5x56y40mqlk3bit7ub0m4hm 0 56990 692413 638873 2026-07-29T23:35:41Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort 692413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Fatiha Boudiaf (November 28, 1944 na Oran) bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị onye Algeria, nwanyị di ya nwụrụ na nwunye nke abụọ nke onye bụbu onye isi ala Algeria Mohamed Boudiaf. Mgbe e gbuchara ya na 1992, o hiwere Boudiaf Foundation iji gbasaa ozi udo nke di ya. Ọ bụbu onye na-akatọ ikpe nke Lambarek Boumaarafi, na-ekwu na nkata ka ukwuu na-etinye aka na ọnwụ nke di ya mbụ ma rịọ ka e megharịa nyocha ahụ. == Ọnwụ Mohamed Boudiaf == Boudiaf bụ nwunye nke abụọ nke Onye isi ala Algeria Mohamed Boudiaf.[1] Ọ katọrọ nchọpụta ndị gọọmenti mere banyere ogbugbu di ya, na-atụ aro na ọ bụghị ọrụ onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi naanị ya kama ọ bụ akụkụ nke nkata ka ukwuu. Ọ nwara ịga leta Lambarek Boumaarafi, bụ nwoke a mara ikpe igbu di ya, mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, mana ndị ọchịchị jụrụ arịrịọ a..<ref name="ja">{{Cite news|first=Farid|author=Alilat|title=The "J'accuse! "Madame Boudiaf|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/103722/archives-thematique/le-j-accuse-de-madame-boudiaf/|language=French|work=Jeune Afrique|date=22 August 2015|accessdate=26 October 2016}}</ref> O kwuru na onye gburu di ya zoro n'okpuru tebụl n'ihu ya n'oge ahụ ma ka na-ejide ya.<ref name="ja" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">Alilat, Farid (22 August 2015). [http://www.jeuneafrique.com/103722/archives-thematique/le-j-accuse-de-madame-boudiaf/ "The "J'accuse! "Madame Boudiaf"]. ''Jeune Afrique'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> N'afọ 2016, o boro ndị isi ndị agha anọ ebubo igbu di ya, ma zigara onye isi ala mbụ, Abdelaziz Bouteflika, akwụkwọ ozi, na-achọ ka e meghee ikpe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Algérie. Nacer Boudiaf accuse 4 anciens hauts gradés de l'armée de l'assassinat de son pere|url=http://www.medias24.com/MAROC/Quoi-de-neuf/165131-Algerie.-Nacer-Boudiaf-accuse-4-anciens-hauts-grades-de-l-armee-de-l-assassinat-de-son-pere.html|accessdate=26 October 2016|language=French|work=Medias24|date=30 June 2016}}</ref> == Ọrụ ịgba mbọ == O guzobere Boudiaf Foundation, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Naylor|first=Phillip C.|title=Historical Dictionary of Algeria|date=1994|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Metuchen, N.J.|isbn=978-0-58507-031-5}}</ref> nke o nwetara Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation na 1998. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Prince of Asturias Award - Rewarded|url=http://www.fpa.es/es/premios-princesa-de-asturias/premiados/1998-emma-bonino-olayinka-koso-thomas-graca-machel-fatiha-boudiaf-rigoberta-menchu-fatana-ishaq-gailani-y-somaly-mam.html?texto=acta&especifica=0|language=French|publisher=Prince of Asturias Award|accessdate=26 October 2016}}</ref> E guzobere ntọala ahụ iji sọpụrụ di Boudiaf nwụrụ anwụ, ma nwee olileanya ịgbasa ozi udo na agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ amaala Algeria niile. Kwa afọ na ncheta ọnwụ ya, ọ na-eme emume ndụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lire aussi L'homme est mort, l'oeuvre reste IL Y A 14 ANS, BOUDIAF RENTRAIT AU PAYS Le retour du père prodige Il y a 12 ans revenait Mohamed Boudiaf Que reste-t-il de l'idéal Boudiaf ? La patrie au cœur Mohamed Boudiaf Communiqué de la Fondation Boudiaf|url=http://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemaghreb/11391|publisher=Djazairess|accessdate=26 October 2016|language=French|date=29 June 2008|archivedate=27 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027060419/http://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemaghreb/11391}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Boudiaf, Fatiha}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] q18idusxwa22oh8qsmcsj85ah744qd1 0 57000 692613 631036 2026-07-30T11:43:09Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Added {{DEFAULTSORT}} 692613 wikitext text/x-wiki Florbela Catarina “Bela” Malaquias (amụrụ 26 Jenụwarị 1959)[1] bụ onye odeakụkọ Angolan, ọkaiwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ onye ndu otu Humanist Party nke Angola..<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-26|title=Bela Malaquias no Parlamento e o fim da CASA-CE|url=https://www.expansao.co.ao/angola/interior/bela-malaquias-no-parlamento-e-o-fim-da-casa-ce-109698.html|accessdate=2022-08-26|work=Expansão|language=pt}}</ref> {{Infobox officeholder|office=[[Humanist Party of Angola|President of the Humanist Party of Angola]]|image=|country=[[Angola]]|termstart=21 December 2020|alma_mater=[[Agostinho Neto University]]|termstart1=24 August 2022|office1=[[National Assembly (Angola)|Member of the National Assembly]]|birth_place=[[Luena, Angola|Luso]], [[Portuguese Angola]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|1|26|df=y}}|otherparty=[[UNITA]] (until 1983)|party=[[Humanist Party of Angola]] (since 2022)}} == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Malaquias na Luso, Portuguese Angola. N'agbanyeghị na ọ tolitere n'oge ọgba aghara n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Angola na Africa, n'ihi mmụba nke ọtụtụ mmegharị nnwere onwe nke mba, ọ kọwara na nwata ya dị ka "dị jụụ" na "obi ụtọ." Nna ya, Nelson, bụ onye ode akwụkwọ ụgbọ oloko maka okporo ụzọ Benguela ma bụrụkwa onye na-akwado nnwere onwe Angola. Ndị uwe ojii colonial, PIDE-DGS nwụchiri ya ọtụtụ oge maka ikwupụta echiche ndị a, ma bụrụ akụkụ nke otu n'ime sel mbụ nke UNITA na mpaghara Moxico ugbu a. Ka nna ya si n'ụlọ mkpọrọ gaa n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, na-agafe Nova Lisboa na Missombo, Malaquias, ụmụnne ya ise, na nne ya, Amelia, mechara soro ya mgbe a kpọgara ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ St. Nicholas nke dị na Namibe Province, ebe a na-ejikarị emekpa ndị na-akwado nnwere onwe na ndị agha. Malaquias ga-esonyekwa UNITA n'oge na akụkọ ntolite ya.<ref name="dw">{{Cite web|author=Sul|first=Nelson Francisco|date=2022-07-17|title=Florbela Malaquias propõe "humanizar Angola"|url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/florbela-malaquias-prop%C3%B5e-humanizar-angola/a-62503127|accessdate=2022-08-29|work=DW}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Malaquias lụrụ ọgụ maka UNITA n'oge Agha Obodo Angola, ọbụnakwa dee ukwe nke Njikọ Ụmụ nwanyị Angola, ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị UNITA. Otú ọ dị, o mechara nwee echiche ọjọọ banyere onye ndú UNITA bụ [[Jonas Savimbi]] malite na afọ 1980, onye o mechara kwuo na ọ bụ "onye ọchịchị aka ike na onye ogbu mmadụ" maka ịhazi "Red September", na-ahụ maka ịta ahụhụ na igbu ọtụtụ mmadụ, gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị isi ya, ndị nwunye ha na ụmụ ha, na emume mgbochi amoosu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://angolatelegraph.com/politics/tc-legalizes-angolan-humanist-party-which-becomes-the-13th-eligible-to-run-in-the-elections/|title=TC legalizes Angolan Humanist Party, which becomes the 13th eligible to run in the elections|work=Angola Telegraph|date=May 30, 2022|accessdate=August 28, 2022|archivedate=August 28, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828052445/https://angolatelegraph.com/politics/tc-legalizes-angolan-humanist-party-which-becomes-the-13th-eligible-to-run-in-the-elections/}}</ref> Ọ bụ naanị nwanyị na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke Angola na Ntuli aka zuru oke nke Angola na 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-01|title=Convidado - Florbela Malaquias: A única mulher candidata a Presidente de Angola|url=https://www.rfi.fr/pt/programas/convidado/20220801-florbela-malaquias-a-%C3%BAnica-mulher-candidata-a-presidente-de-angola|accessdate=2022-08-26|work=RFI|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=AfricaNews|date=2022-08-24|title=Angola election: Vote counting begins after polls close|url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/08/24/angola-election-vote-counting-begins-after-polls-close/|accessdate=2022-08-26|work=Africanews|language=en|archivedate=2025-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009204506/https://www.africanews.com/2022/08/24/angola-election-vote-counting-begins-after-polls-close/}}</ref> Ọ bịara n'ọnọdụ nke ise, mana a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Angola Fala Só: Bilhete de Identidade de Bela Malaquias|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/angola-fala-só-bilhete-de-identidade-de-bela-malaquias/5238811.html|accessdate=2022-08-26|work=VOA|language=pt}}</ref> Malaquias nwere akara ugo mmụta na Mahadum Agostinho Neto. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Luamba|first=Manuel|date=2022-06-22|title=Quem é "Bela" Malaquias, a única mulher a liderar um partido em Angola?|url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/quem-%C3%A9-bela-malaquias-a-%C3%BAnica-mulher-a-liderar-um-partido-em-angola/a-62214721|accessdate=2022-08-30|work=DW}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Malaquias, Florbela}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mnpacde6j48131riwbysg7sldfwombk 0 57538 692556 514736 2026-07-30T09:50:50Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|office=[[Vice-President of the Gambia|8th Vice-President of the Gambia]]|termstart=9 November 2017|termend=29 June 2018<br />{{small|Acting: 23 January 2017 – 9 November 2017}}|president=[[Adama Barrow]]|predecessor=[[Isatou Njie-Saidy]]|successor=[[Ousainou Darboe]]|image=Aid for Trade Global Review 2017 – Day 3 (35059631424).jpg|party=[[United Democratic Party (Gambia)|UDP]]|data1=[[Fula people|Fula]]}} Aja Fatoumata C.M. Jallow-Tambajang[1] (amụrụ 22 Ọktoba 1949 [2] [3]) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Gambian na onye ndọrọndọrọ onye jere ozi dị ka onye osote onye isi oche Gambia na onye minista na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị site na February 2017 ruo June 2018, n'okpuru Onye isi ala Adama Barrow. Na mmalite ọrụ ya ọ bụbu onye isi oche nke Gambia National Women's Council na onye ndụmọdụ Dawda Jawara, onye isi oche mbụ nke Gambia dị ka mba nwere onwe ya pụọ ​​​​na ọchịchị colonial nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain. Mgbe ndị agha kwaturu ọchịchị na Julaị 1994 nke wepụrụ ọchịchị Jawara, o jidere ọkwa odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka ahụike na ọdịmma ọha site na 1994 ruo 1995 n'ime kabinet nke Council of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council. Barrow họpụtara ya dị ka osote onye isi ala na Jenụwarị 2017, mana achọpụtara na ya erughị eru n'ihi mmachi afọ. Kama nke ahụ, e mere ya Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na-elekọta ọfịs onye isi ala, ruo mgbe a gbanwere iwu ahụ ma ṅụọ iyi dị ka onye isi ala na Nọvemba 2017. Tupu nhọpụta ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Coalition 2016, njikọ nke òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị na-emegide ya nke kwadoro Barrow na Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2016. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Tambajang na Brikama, [[The Gambia|Gambia]]. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Gambia, Dakar na [[France]].<ref name="FatuNewVP">{{Cite news|url=http://fatunetwork.net/fatoumata-tambajang-gambias-new-vice-president/|title=Fatoumata Tambajang is Gambia's new Vice President|author=Jobe|first=Alhagie|date=23 January 2017|work=Fatu Network|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị BA na French na Mahadum nke Nice Sophia Antipolis . <ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.freedomnewspaper.com/gambia-controversy-surrounds-fatoumatta-jallow-tambajangs-vp-appointment-constitutionally-she-overage/|title=Controversy Surrounds Fatoumatta Jallow Tambajang's VP Appointment; Constitutionally She Is Overaged|date=24 January 2017|work=Freedom Newspaper|accessdate=24 January 2017}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Tambajang bụ onye ndụmọdụ Dawda Jawara, onye isi ala mbụ nke Gambia, na nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị na ihe gbasara ụmụaka. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Gambia National Women's Council ma nọchite anya ya na Gambia National Economic and Social Council ruo afọ isii.<ref name="FatuNewVP"/> Tambajang jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka ahụike na ọdịmma ọha na eze site na 1994 ruo 1995 na kọmitii ndị agha na-achịkwa oge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Gambia.htm|title=The Republic of The Gambia|work=Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị minista nwanyị abụọ nọ na kansụl, n'akụkụ Susan Waffa-Ogoo . <ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of the Gambia|author=Perfect|first=David|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2016|location=Lanham, Maryland|pages=446}}</ref> Ọ gwara International Conference on Population and Development na Septemba 1994 maka Gambia. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/popin/icpd/conference/gov/940913142831.html|title=Statement of Gambia, H.E. Mrs. Fatoumata C.M. Tambajang|date=12 September 1994|work=United Nations|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) na n'ọhịa mmepe, gụnyere afọ 5 na Mano River. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africancentreforcommunity.com/An%20Arrey%20Ivo%20interview%20of%20Fatoumata%20Tambajang%202007%20All%20rights%20reserved..pdf|title=An Interview of Fatoumata Tambajang|author=Ivo|first=Arrey|date=2007|work=African Centre for Community and Development|accessdate=23 January 2017|archivedate=30 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530080253/http://africancentreforcommunity.com/An%20Arrey%20Ivo%20interview%20of%20Fatoumata%20Tambajang%202007%20All%20rights%20reserved..pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gambiano.net/fatoumatta-jallow-tambajang-vice-president-gambia-halifa-sallah/|title=Fatoumatta Jallow Tambajang is Vice President of The Gambia|publisher=Gambiano|date=23 January 2017|accessdate=15 March 2025|archivedate=6 October 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006010616/http://gambiano.net/fatoumatta-jallow-tambajang-vice-president-gambia-halifa-sallah/}}</ref> N'afọ 2001, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Great Lakes nke Africa, ọ bụ onye nnupụisi jidere. <ref name="FatuNewVP"/> Tambajang sonyeere United Democratic Party (UDP) n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2015, n'oge Fass na ndị uwe ojii na-alụ ọgụ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://gainako.com/gambias-vibrant-female-political-aspirant-speaks/|title=Gambia's Vibrant Female political Aspirant speaks|date=23 April 2015|work=Gainako|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref> Tambajang bụ onye isi otu Coalition 2016, njikọ nke òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide Barrow na Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2016, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche ya. Mgbe e meriri onye isi ala Yahya Jammeh na ntuli aka ahụ, Tambajang kwupụtara na a ga-ekpe Jammeh ikpe n'ime otu afọ. O kwupụtakwara na e mepụtara kọmitii mba maka iweghachite ihe onwunwe iji weghachite ihe a na-ekwu na ọ furu efu site na nrụrụ aka n'oge Jammeh nọ n'ọchịchị. Na Jammeh, ọ gwara ''The Guardian'' na "Ọ pụghị ịpụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ pụọ, ọ ga-agbapụ anyị".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/07/the-gambias-new-rulers-vow-to-prosecute-outgoing-president|title=The Gambia's new rulers vow to prosecute outgoing president|author=Maclean|first=Ruth|date=7 December 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref> === Usoro nhọpụta na osote onye isi ala === Na-esochi nraranye Barrow na 19 Jenuarị 2017, na 23 Jenuarị a mara ọkwa na Tambajang ga-abụ osote onye isi ala ya.[1] Otú ọ dị, mgbe ahọpụtara ya, a tụrụ aro na o rughị eru ịrụ ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ngalaba 62 (1) (b) nke Iwu nke Gambia na-ekwu na onye isi oche ga-emezurịrị otu afọ chọrọ dịka Onye isi ala, na-eme ka afọ 65 dị elu n'oge ịbanye n'ọfịs - ebe Tambajang kwuru na ọ bụ 67 n'oge ahọpụtara ya.[2] N'ịgbaso akụkọ ndị ahụ, a ṅụrụghị ya iyi ozugbo na ọkwa ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ rụrụ ụka afọ a kọrọ - na-ekwu na ọ bụ nanị 64 afọ.[3] Barrow gbara ndị mmadụ aka ka ha gosi ihe gosiri na ọ karịrị afọ 65.[3] N’ọnwa Febụwarị, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị, na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ osote onye isi ala..<ref name="Appoints5">{{Cite news|url=http://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/barrow-appoints-five-new-ministers|title=Barrow appoints five new ministers|work=[[The Point (the Gambia)|The Point]]|date=23 February 2017|accessdate=2 March 2017}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2017, ndị omeiwu mba ahụ gbalịrị ịkwado mgbanwe nke iwu iji wepụ oke afọ.<ref name="AFPscraps">{{Cite news|work=[[Daily Nation]]|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Gambia-scraps-age-limit-/1066-3831954-ct65ja/|title=Gambia scraps age limit for presidential candidates|date=1 March 2017|accessdate=3 March 2017}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, Halifa Sallah, onye na-ekwuchitere gọọmentị mgbanwe na onye ndụmọdụ nke Onye isi ala Barrow, kwuru na agbasoghị usoro kwesịrị ekwesị maka imezigharị iwu ahụ, nakwa na ọ dị mkpa ka a gbanwee ya na mgbanwe dị otú ahụ ga-ewe ọtụtụ ọnwa ọzọ iji mezuo nke ọma (dị ka ngalaba 226 nke iwu ahụ si dị). <ref name="WillCorrect">{{Cite news|first=Pa|author=Nderry M'Bai|url=http://www.freedomnewspaper.com/gambia-breaking-news-govt-will-correct-the-unconstitutional-repealing-of-the-presidential-age-limit-without-following-the-dictates-of-the-law-halifa-sallah/|title=Gov't will Correct the Unconstitutional Repealing of the Presidential Age Limit; Without Following the Dictates of the Law – Halifa Sallah|work=Freedom Newspaper|date=4 March 2017|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref> Nzukọ nke Gambia dezigharịrị ngalaba nke 62 na 25 Julaị na ewepụ afọ ole onye isi ala ga-anọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/presidential-age-limit-removed|title=Presidential age-limit removed|publisher=[[The Point (the Gambia)|The Point]]}}</ref> Onye isi ala kwadoro nhọpụta ya dị ka osote onye isi ala na 8 Septemba ma mgbe nhọpụta ya gwụchara, a na-atụ anya na a ga-aṅụ iyi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.freedomnewspaper.com/gambia-vp-overseer-fatoumatta-jallow-tambajang-finally-confirmed-as-gambias-vice-president/|title=Gambia: VP Overseer Fatoumatta Jallow Tambajang Finally Confirmed As Gambia's Vice President!|work=Freedom Newspaper|date=8 September 2017|accessdate=8 September 2017}}</ref> Onye isi ala Barrow kwupụtara na ọ họpụtara ya dị ka osote onye isi ala na 9 Nọvemba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/11/10/barrow-appoints-fatoumata-jallow-tambajang/|title=Gambian president swears in female vice Jallow-Tambajang|work=Africanews|date=10 November 2017|accessdate=9 January 2018}}</ref> === Onye osote onye isi ala === Tambajang nwetara onyinye 'New African Woman of the Year Award' site na New African Woman Magazine n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2017. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nawmagazine.com/new-african-woman-year-fatoumata-jallow-tambajang-gambias-agent-political-change/|title=New African Woman of the Year - Fatoumata Jallow Tambajang! The Gambia's Agent of Political Change|date=17 April 2017|work=New African Woman Magazine|accessdate=29 June 2018}}</ref> Na Machị 2017, Tambajang sonyeere Crans Montana African Women's Forum Honorary Committee. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.africanwomenforum.org/2017/03/her-excellency-mrs-fatoumata-tambajang-vice-president-of-the-gambia-joins-the-african-womens-forum-h.html|title=Her Excellency Mrs. Fatoumata Tambajang, Vice-President of the Gambia, joins the African Women's Forum Honorary Committee|date=3 March 2017|work=African Women's Forum|accessdate=29 June 2018}}</ref> N'oge mgbanwe nke ndị ọrụ na 29 June 2018, e zigara Tambajang na ọrụ mba ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://foroyaa.gm/president-adama-barrow-reshuffles-his-cabinet/|title=President Adama Barrow reshuffles his Cabinet|date=29 June 2018|work=Foroyaa|accessdate=29 June 2018}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Tambajang si n'Agbụrụ Fula ma biri na mpaghara Kanifing . <ref name=":0"/> Ọ bụ nne ụmụ asatọ.<ref name="FatuNewVP"/> == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Tambajang, Fatoumata}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9s8k3rw1uqt4581ae31mmcbyp6c2blk 0 57539 692558 394002 2026-07-30T09:52:13Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692558 wikitext text/x-wiki   Fatoumatta Bah-Barrow, nke kpọkwara Fatoumata, (amụrụ Ọgọst 5, 1974) bụ nwunye mbụ nke onye isi ala Gambia Adama Barrow na nwunye mbụ nke Gambia kemgbe 2017. Ọ bụ onye otu agbụrụ Fula. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-03-10|title=Fatou Bah-Barrow – The Standard Newspaper {{!}} Gambia|url=https://standard.gm/fatou-bah-barrow/|accessdate=2024-06-04|language=en-US}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ == Fatoumatta Bah-Barrow bụ ada onye ọchụnta ego Abdoulie Bah na Isatou Jallow. Ọ bụ onye otu agbụrụ Fula.[1] Ọ nọrọ na nwata ya na Basse na ụmụnne ya abụọ, na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ St. George. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ kwagara Banjul isi obodo, ebe ọ zutere Adama Barrow. Di na nwunye a lụrụ na March 20, 1997, mgbe Fatoumatta dị afọ 22. Ha nwere otu nwa nwoke, Mamadou Barrow, na otu nwa nwanyị, Taibou Barrow.[2] Adama Barrow abụrụla onye isi ala Gambia kemgbe Jenụwarị 2017. Barrow lụkwara nwunye nke abụọ, (Sarjo Mballow-Barrow.) <ref name="pfm">{{Cite news|first=|author=|title=Meet The Wives Of New Gambian President Adama Barrow|url=https://peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/201701/303594.php|work=Peace FM Online|publisher=|date=2017-01-20|accessdate=2022-05-19}}</ref> Site na 2000 ruo 2001, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ngalaba ahịa na ahịa nke Elton Oil Company [de] wee gaa na Africell Gambia LTD ruo 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=H.E Mrs. Fatoumatta Bah-Barrow – AFLPM|url=https://aflpm.org/team/her-excellency-mrs-fatoumatta-bah-barrow/|accessdate=2024-11-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-11-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102123739/https://aflpm.org/team/her-excellency-mrs-fatoumatta-bah-barrow/}}</ref> Tupu onye isi ala Adama Barrow, Fatoumatta na-etinye aka n'ịchịkwa azụmahịa ezinụlọ ma na-enyere di ya aka n'ihe gbasara ụlọ ya. N'oge ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2016, ọ kwadoro mkpọsa ya nke ọma, na-eduzi mgbasa ozi site n'ọnụ ụzọ ruo n'ọnụ iji kwalite mgbalị ya maka ọfịs.<ref name=":0"/> == Nwanyị Mbụ == Bah-Barrow kwadoro mkpọsa ntuli aka di ya na mbido ntuli aka onye isi ala Gambia na 2016. Dị ka onye bu ya ụzọ, Yahya Jammeh, Onye isi ala ọhụrụ bụ Adama Barrow kwuru na ọ bụ naanị nwunye mbụ ya, Fatoumatta Bah-Barrow, kwesịrị iwere ọrụ nke Nwanyị Mbụ nke Gambia.<ref name="wog">{{Cite news|first=F.|author=Mbaye|title=Barrow confirms first wife will be country's First Lady|url=http://www.whatson-gambia.com/news/headline-news/1714-barrow-confirms-first-wife-will-be-country-s-first-lady#|work=WhatsOn-Gambia.com|publisher=|date=2017-11-30|accessdate=2022-05-15}}</ref> == Ntọala FaBB == N'ọrụ ya dị ka First Lady, ọ na-akwado ọrụ ebere na [[Ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka|Òtù enyemaka]]. O guzobere Fatoumatta Bah-Barrow Foundation (FaBB) na Mee 1, 2017, na ebumnuche nke ịlụso ịda ogbenye ọgụ na ịkwado ndị ọrịa, ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka. N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2018, ntọala ahụ sonyeere otu ahụike Merck KGaA iji lụso enweghị ike ịmụ nwa ọgụ n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="tp">{{Cite news|first=|author=|title=1st Lady's Foundation joins forces with MERCK on infertility awareness|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/1st-ladys-foundation-joins-forces-with-merck-on-infertility-awareness|work=The Point|publisher=|date=2018-02-18|accessdate=2022-05-19}}</ref> == 33-Million Dalasi esemokwu == Arụmụka nde 33 nke dalas na-agba gburugburu ebubo megide, Fatoumatta Bah-Barrow Foundation (FABB). N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, a kọrọ na na Disemba 18, 2017, e si na akaụntụ [[Hong Kong]] nyefee ego US dollar 752,000 (nde Gambian dalasi 33) gaa na akaụntụ ụlọ akụ nke Fatoumatta Bah-Barrow Foundation. Dị ka akụkọ mgbasa ozi si kwuo, e nyefere $ 746,000 nke ego ahụ na White Airways, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu Portuguese, iji kwụọ ụgwọ ụgbọ elu na [[China]]. Ajụjụ ndị ahụ bilitere banyere njikọ ịkwụ ụgwọ ahụ na njem Onye isi ala Barrow na [[China]] na Disemba 19, 2017. Ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik nke China bụ TBEA, nke wegara ego ahụ, na-achọ imechi nkwekọrịta ya na ụlọ ọrụ Gambia nke National Water and Electricity Company (NAWEC) maka iwu netwọk nnyefe ọkụ eletrik n'oge ahụ. Kọmitii nke ntọala ahụ kwupụtara nyocha nke ịkwụ ụgwọ ahụ.<ref name="fn">{{Cite news|first=|author=|title=Fatoumatta Bah-Barrow Foundation Opens Up An Investigations Into The Secret Transfer Of D33 M From A Hong Kong Bank Into The First Lady's UK Guaranty Trust Bank Account|url=https://www.freedomnewspaper.com/2018/08/24/gambia-breaking-news-fatoumatta-bah-barrow-foundation-opens-up-an-investigations-into-the-secret-transfer-of-d33-m-from-a-hong-kong-bank-into-the-first-ladys-uk-guaranty-trust-bank-account/|work=WhatsOn-Gambia.com|publisher=|date=2018-08-24|accessdate=2022-05-19}}</ref><ref name="fatunet">{{Cite news|first=|author=|title=Source Of The Money Deposited Into The Fatou Bah Barrow Foundation|url=http://www.fatunetwork.net/source-of-the-money-deposited-into-the-fatou-bah-barrow-foundation/|work=The Fatu Network|publisher=|date=2018-08-28|accessdate=2022-05-19}}</ref> Na Septemba 2019, ntọala ahụ kpọrọ gọọmentị ka ha kpughee mbufe n'ihu ọha wee kpochapụ aha Bah-Barrow. Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ The Standard si kwuo, e bu n'obi kee ego ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nkwado ego maka njem ọchịchị onye isi ala na China. E zigara ya na akaụntụ ntọala, ebe ọ bụ na ịnweta ego ozugbo enwere ike n'oge ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na ebufela ego ahụ na akaụntụ gọọmentị na Central Bank of Gambia kama ntọala, gọọmentị agaghị enwe ike ịnweta ya ruo ụbọchị ọrụ atọ ka e mesịrị, ebe onyeisi oche na-eme njem n'oge ahụ..<ref name="standard">{{Cite news|first=Omar|author=Bah|title='Gov't should clear First Lady's name over D35m saga'|url=https://standard.gm/govt-should-clear-first-ladys-name-over-d35m-saga/|work=[[The Standard (the Gambia)]]|publisher=|date=2018-09-30|accessdate=2022-05-19}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bah-Barrow, Fatoumatta}} {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9aqrluvsk1r90tfgcd5bt4f58eze53o 0 57739 692458 203253 2026-07-30T07:07:58Z Edozie Ojekwe 24584 Fixed Reference error 692458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|name=Muna|nativename={{lang|mnb|Wamba Wuna}}|region=[[Muna Island]], [[Buton Island]]|states=[[Sulawesi]], [[Indonesia]]|speakers={{sigfig|266,000|2}}|date=2010 census|familycolor=Austronesian|fam2=[[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]|fam3=[[Celebic languages|Celebic]]|fam4=[[Muna–Buton languages|Muna–Buton]]|fam5=[[Muna languages|Munan]]|fam6=Munic|fam7=Western|iso3=mnb|notice=IPA}} Muna bụ Asụsụ Austronesian nke a na-asựkarị n'arịrịetiti Muna nakwa n'àgbè Buton nke dị n'ebe ndị mụrụ ọmụmụ nke Sulawesi na Indonesia.[1]  Asụsụ ahụ edere nke ọma, anyị saịtị n'aka onye ọka-ọka akara René van den Berg.  N'afọ 2010, ahụ nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ 270,000 na-asụ ya.. == Nchịkọta == Muna so n'otu Muna-Buton, nke bụ alaka nke nnukwu m Celebic.[1]  N'ime akara Muna-Buton, Muna bụ onye nlekọta n'ime aha Munic, nke gụsịrị obere akwụkwọ dị ka Pancana, Kioko, Liabuku, Kaimbulawa, na Busoa..<ref>{{Cite book|author=van den Berg|first=René|title=Muna-English dictionary|publisher=Leiden: KITLV Press|year=1996}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Donohue|first=Mark|date=2004|title=The pretenders to the Muna-Buton group|pages=2.8M, 21–36 pages|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|language=en|doi=10.15144/PL-563.21}}</ref> Muna na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Sulawesi na Buton na-emepụta asụsụ. == Asụsụ == Muna nwere olumba atọ: * "Standard" Muna bụ nke a na-asụkarị, nke a na'ebe ugwu na etiti nke Muna Island, yana n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Buton Island na 1989 nwere ihe dị ka ndị ọkà okwu 150,000 <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Van de Berg|first=René|title=A Grammar of the Muna Language|publisher=Foris Publications|year=1989|isbn=9789067654548|location=Holland}}</ref> * olumba ''Tiworo'', nke a na-asụ na Muna na mpaghara Tikep nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụrụ ya 10,000 * ndịda Muna, nwere asụsụ abụọ: na ''Siompu'' (~7000 ndị na-asụ ya) na asụsụ ''Gumas'' dị iche iche (~60,000 ndị na-ekwu ya) Ihe dị iche n'etiti olumba ndị a bụkarị okwu, kamakwa ụda olu.<ref name=":0" /> == Ahụike == N'ebe nchekwa data Ethnologue, a na-ekewa Muna "egwu" na ngalaba 6b, nke pụtara "A na-eji asụsụ ahụ maka mkparịta ụka ihu na ihu n'ime ọgbọ niile, mana ọ na-efunahụ ndị ọrụ.". N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-eji Indonesian eme ihe n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, Muna bụ izi ozi ma na-asụ ya n'ebe ndị ọzọ niile.  Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na Muna na-asụrụ ahụ nke ọma, mana ọ bụghị ha niile na-aazịpụta Indonesian nke ọma [1] N'agbanyeghị obere ọnụ ọgụgụ ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ihe eji ya dị ka isi ihe na-ahụ ihe n'ibu akwụkwọ, dere Muna yiri ka ọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.  ezi ndị na-asụ ya nke ọma n'ụdịetiti ahụ iwu na- ikesi n'etiti afọ 1989 na 2007. <ref name=":0" /> == Ọmụmụ ụdaolu == === Mkpụrụ okwu === Muna nwere ụdaume ndị a na-esonụ. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Mkpụrụ okwu ! colspan="3" | !Akpụkpọ ahụ !ezé ezé<br /> !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Uvular !Mkpịsị aka |- ! rowspan="5" |Plosive ! rowspan="2" |voiceless !plain |p | |t | (c) |k | | |- !prenasalized |ᵐp | |ⁿt | |ᵑk | | |- ! rowspan="3" |voiced !plain |b |__ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọdịdị⟨dh⟩ |d | (ɟ) |g | | |- !prenasalized |ᵐb | |ⁿd | |ᵑg | | |- !implosive |N'ihi ya, ọ na-agụ⟨bh⟩ | | | | | | |- ! rowspan="3" |Ihe na-esiri ike ! rowspan="2" |voiceless !plain |f | |s | | | |h |- !prenasalized | | |ⁿs | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |voiced | | | | | |__ibo__ Nkọwa⟨gh⟩ | |- ! colspan="3" |Ụgbọ imi |m | |n | |__ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ⟨ng⟩ | | |- ! colspan="3" |Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | | |r | | | | |- ! colspan="3" |N'akụkụ | | |l | | | | |- ! colspan="3" |Ihe atụ |Ihe omuma a⟨w⟩ | | | (j) ⟨y⟩ | | | |} Ihe odide: * A na-aghọta ụdaume {{IPA|/ʋ/}} dị ka onye na-eru nso {{IPA|[ʋ]}} n'ihu ụdaume ndị a na-agbaghị gburugburu, yana dị ka onye dị nso na [βʹ] n'azụ ụdaume ndị gbara gburugburu. * N'okwu ngwa ngwa, usoro {{IPA|/bu, pu, mbu, mpu/}} nwere ụdaolu atọ n'ọnọdụ siri ike. * Na kọlụm alveolar, {{IPA|/t/}} na /nt/ bụ n'ezie apico-dental.<ref name=":0" /> === Mkpụrụedemede === The vowel inventory comprises five vowels: {{IPA|/a/}}, {{IPA|/i/}}, {{IPA|/u/}}, {{IPA|/e/}}, {{IPA|/o/}}. They can freely combine into sequences of two or three vowels. Sequences of two like vowels are pronounced as a long vowel, e.g. {{Lang|mnb|tuu}} {{IPA|[tu:]}} 'knee'. In sequences of three vowels, there is an optional non-phonemic glottal stop after the first vowel, e.g. {{Lang|mnb|nokoue}} {{IPA|[noko(ʔ)ue]}} 'it has veins'.<ref name=":0" /> === Ọdịdị nke ụdaume === Dịka ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Sulawesi,[1] Muna nwere naanị mkpụrụokwu mepere emepe nke ụdị CV (consonant-vowel) na V (ụdaume), dịka.  kaindea /ka.i.ⁿde.a/ 'plantation', padamalala /pa.da.ma.la.la/ 'citronella', akumadiuandae /a.ku.ma.di.u.a.ⁿda.e/ 'M ga-eji ya sachaa ha'.[2]  Okwu mbinye sitere na Malay/Indonesian na asụsụ ndị ọzọ na-adaba na usoro nke Muna: karadhaa /karad̪aa/ < Malay kerja 'work', kantori /kaⁿtori/ < Malay kantor 'office' (nke sitere na Dutch kantoor), wakutuu /wakutuu/ < Malay waktu 'time' (site na Arabic'){{transl|ar|waqt}}).<ref name=":0" /> == Asụsụ == === Ngwaa === A na-gbanwee ngwaa maka ọnọdụ na onye (nke isiokwu na ihe).  Mkpịsị aka onye bụ nke na-ebute ebubo: prefixes nke onye na-egosi na ọ bụ isiokwu nke ngwaa na-agafe agafe na nke na-ahụ agafe agafe, ebe a na-eji suffixes nke onye eme ihe gosi ihe ahụ kpọmkwem na nke na-egosighị ìhè..<ref name=":0" /> E nwere klas ngwaa atọ, nke nwere ụdị dịtụ iche maka prefix isiokwu. A na-akpọ klas ndị ahụ aha site na onye mbụ.<ref name=":0" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |kl''a'' a ! colspan="2" |A na-ahazi ya ! colspan="2" |na klas |- !realized !ihe na-abụghị eziokwu !realized !ihe na-abụghị eziokwu !realized !ihe na-abụghị eziokwu |- !1.sg. |''a-'' |''a-'' |''ae-'' |''ae-'' |''n'oge na-'' |''n'oge na-'' |- !2.sg.fam. |''o-'' |''o-'' |''ome-'' |''ome-'' |''omo-'' |''omo-'' |- !2.sg.hon. |''gaa na-'' |''ta-'' |''te-'' |''tae-'' |''gaa na-'' |''Tao-'' |- !3.sg. |''na-abụghị'' |''na-'' |''na-'' |''Na-'' |''na-abụghị'' |''nao-'' |- !1.du.incl. |''mee-'' |''da-'' |''de-'' |''Dae-'' |''mee-'' |''Dao-'' |- !1.pl.incl. |''do- -Vmu'' |''da- -Vmu'' |''de- -Vmu'' |''dae-Vmu'' |''do- -Vmu'' |''Dao-Vmu'' |- !1.pl.excl. |''ta-'' |''ta-'' |''tae-'' |''tae-'' |''Tao-'' |''Tao-'' |- !2.pl.fam. |''o- -Vmu'' |''o- -Vmu'' |''ome-Vmu'' |''ome-Vmu'' |''omo-Vmu'' |''omo-Vmu'' |- !2.pl.hon. |''gaa- -Vmu'' |''ta-Vmu'' |''te-Vmu'' |''tae-Vmu'' |''gaa- -Vmu'' |''tao-Vmu'' |- !3.pl. |''mee-'' |''da-'' |''de-'' |''Dae-'' |''mee-'' |''Dao-'' |} Maka ngwaa ''ae''-class na ao-class, a na-amata ọnọdụ site na iji prefix isiokwu dị iche iche: <ref name=":0" /> : {{Lang|mnb|de-basa}} 'anyị na-agụ' (realis) ~ {{Lang|mnb|dae-basa}} 'a ga-agụ' : {{Lang|mnb|no-lodo}} 'ọ na-ehi ụra' (realis) ~ {{Lang|mnb|nao-lodo}}'ọ ga-ehihie' (irrealis) Site na ngwaa a-class, a na- nsogbu akara <um> mara ọnọdụ na- Mal isi: : {{Lang|mnb|no-horo}} 'ọ na-efe efe' (realis) ~ {{Lang|mnb|na-h<um>oro}} 'ọ ga-efe efe" (irrealis) Ngwa ndị na-adịghị agafe agafe na- akara akara a-class ma ọ bụ ao-class.  Dị ka iwu n'ozuzu, ngwaa a-class bụ ngwaa intransitive, ebe ngwaa ao-class bụ ngwaa intransitive.  E nso ole na ole, ngwaa na-agafe agafe na-eji prefixes ae-class na ihe a na-egosi ama, mana prefixes a-class nwere ihe a kapịrị ọnụ..<ref name=":0" /> : {{Lang|mnb|ne-ala-mo kapulu}} 'Ọ were mma' (enweghị njedebe, prefix ''ae''-class) : <sp i=""><nowiki>a about="#mwt148" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"lang","href":"./Template:Lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"mnb"},"2":{"wt":"no-ala-mo kapulu-no"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAk4" title="Muna-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></nowiki>''no-ala-mo kapulu-no'' 'Ọ were mma ya' (n'ụzọ doro anya, prefix a-class) [[Category:Articles containing Muna-language text]]</sp> E nwere usoro abụọ nke ihe na-esote, na-egosi ihe ndị na-apụtaghị ìhè na ndị na-adịghị ahụ anya. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! !kpọmkwem !na-apụtaghị ìhè |- !1.sg. |{{Lang|mnb|-kanau}} |{{Lang|mnb|-kanau}} |- !2.sg.fam. |{{Lang|mnb|-ko}} |{{Lang|mnb|-angko}} |- !2.sg.hon. |{{Lang|mnb|-kaeta}} |{{Lang|mnb|-kaeta}} |- !3.sg. |{{Lang|mnb|-e}} |{{Lang|mnb|-ane}} |- !1.du./pl.incl. | --- | --- |- !1.pl.excl. |{{Lang|mnb|-kasami}} |{{Lang|mnb|-kasami}} |- !2.pl.fam. |{{Lang|mnb|-koomu}} |{{Lang|mnb|-angkoomu}} |- !2.pl.hon. |{{Lang|mnb|-kaetaamu}} |{{Lang|mnb|-kaetaamu}} |- !3.pl. |{{Lang|mnb|-da}} |{{Lang|mnb|-anda}} |} Njikọ nke nsonaazụ abụọ na''-e'' na nsonaazụ ihe na-apụtaghị ìhè + onye nke atọ na-apụghị ịhụ anya -e: : {{Lang|mnb|a-ghumoli-angko-e}} 'M ga-azụta ya maka gị.' == Ihe odide == <references /> 9m0axe0138ufuf5ukexdpd0jpi80eq3 0 58013 692409 514733 2026-07-29T23:19:06Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort and databox 692409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Fati Seidu bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana bụ onye otu nzuko omeiwu nke abụọ nke mba anọ na-anọchite anya Bawku Central constituency na Upper East Region nke Ghana. == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Ọ zọọrọ oche Bawku Central na tiketi National Democratic Congress (NDC) n'oge ntuli aka ndị omeiwu 1996 wee nweta vootu 30,045 n'ime vootu 54,327 ziri ezi bụ nke nọchiri anya 42.80% nke vootu niile a tụrụ megide Hawa Yakubu bụ onye nwetara vootu 21,493 bụ nke nọchitere anya 30% Akaịmi. 2,789 votes na-anọchite anya 4.00%. .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/uppereast/164/|title=Election 1996: Bawku Central Constituency|publisher=Peace Fm Online|accessdate=21 May 2020|archivedate=23 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023232224/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/uppereast/164/}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọ tụfuru oche ahụ n'oge Ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2000 na Hawa Yakubu mana ọ chọrọ ka a gụgharịa vootu ka ọ na-azọrọ na ime ihe ike n'ógbè ahụ akwụsịla ịgụta vootu site na Kọmitii Nchịkwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Fati-Seidu-seeks-recount-of-Bawku-Central-vote-12617|title=Fati Seidu seeks recount of Bawku Central vote|date=30 November 2001|publisher=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=20 May 2020}}</ref> Ime ihe ike ahụ dị ka ndị uwe ojii si kwuo n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, aghọwo esemokwu agbụrụ n'etiti ndị Mamprusis na ndị Kusasis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200012090003.html|title=Ghana: Ako Adjei Laid to Rest|publisher=AllAfrica|accessdate=21 May 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, Mahama Ayariga nọchiri ya dị ka onye omeiwu nke NDC maka mpaghara Bawku Central. Ayariga gara n'ihu merie oche ahụ n'oge Ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2004 ma si otú a wepụ onye omeiwu nọ n'ọkwa ahụ, Hawa Yakubu. O jere ozi na kansụl nke Mahadum maka Ọmụmụ Mmepe . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Tetteh|first=Ransford|date=8 July 2010|title=UDS makes efforts to improve facilities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-aheLGSCQusC&q=Fati+Seidu&pg=PA11|work=Daily Graphic|accessdate=21 May 2020}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ntuli aka ndị omeiwu na 1996 * Walewale (mpaghara ndị omeiwu Ghana) == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Seidu, Fati}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 52quhuvcgq20wj00xl2eci3f3951ngx 0 58274 692560 363919 2026-07-30T09:59:08Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Fatuma Abdulkadir Adan (amụrụ c. 1978) bụ onye ọkaiwu Kenya na onye nnọchi anya udo.[1] Ọ bụ onye nnata nke Stuttgart Peace Prize . <ref name="stut">{{Cite web|url=http://stuttgarter-friedenspreis.de/bisherige-preistraeger/friedenspreistraegerin-2011/|title=Friedenspreisträgerin 2011|publisher=Stuttgart FriedensPreis der AnStifter|accessdate=6 February 2016}}</ref> == Ndụ == A mụrụ Adan n'aka nne na nna si n'ebo abụọ na-alụ ọgụ na Marsabit, Northern Kenya. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ dị ka onye ọka iwu, ọ laghachiri n'obodo ya iji kwalite udo n'etiti ndị Borana Oromo, Gabra na Rendille na-ese okwu.[1] Na 2003, o hiwere Horn of Africa Development Initiative, otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị ọ na-eji na-akwalite udo na ịkwado maka agụmakwụkwọ na Kenya..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2015/02/16/four-brave-women-who-are-making-difference/obTxMWWVy0HVGBVmIOTRuK/story.html|title=Four courageous women who are making a difference|work=Boston Globe|author=Nickerson|first=Colin|date=17 February 2015|accessdate=6 February 2016}}</ref> Site na Horn of Africa Development Initiative, Adan malitere mmemme a na-akpọ "Shoot to score, not to Kill", nke na-eji [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] etinye ndị ntorobịa Kenya na nkwado maka udo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/m/article/2000043414/replacing-the-bullet-with-football|title=Replacing the bullet with football|work=Standard Media|author=Waweru|first=Kiundu|date=25 September 2011|accessdate=6 February 2016}}</ref> Horn of Africa Development Initiative (HODI) dabere na ogidi anọ na-akwado: Nkwado, agụmakwụkwọ, nkwado akụ na ụba na njikọta agbụrụ.[1] Site na HODI ọ malitere mmemme "Ịkwụsị Nkwụsị"[2] nke nwere modul anọ: Bụrụ onwe gị, nwee ahụike, nwee ike ma mara ihe gbasara ego. Fatuma Adan bụ nwanyị Afrịka mbụ a họpụtara dịka onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ n'okporo ámá na 2015.[3] N'afọ 2017, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke otu Dream Team nke Global Goals World Cup. Na Jenụwarị 2011, Adan nwetara ihe nrite Udo Stuttgart maka “ijikọta bọọlụ na nnwere onwe”.[4] Na 2013 a kpọrọ ya ka ọ kwurịta banyere ọrụ ya na Horn of Africa Development Initiative na Geneva Peace Talks na 20 September 2013. Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na ndị otu ndị ọzọ haziri mkparịta ụka ahụ maka Ụbọchị Udo Ụwa.. Adan meriri Commonwealth Points of Light Award na 2018 maka ọrụ ya na HODI na-eme ka obodo dị iche iche dị n'otu ma na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ. == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Adan, Fatuma Abdulkadir}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rmv53kwegrnyblao8luladgsdazmkth 0 58276 692564 539340 2026-07-30T10:04:37Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692564 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatuma Gaiti Ahmed bụ onye isi izugbe na ọchịagha ndị agha ikuku Kenya. Ọ bụbu onye so na ndị inyom Kenya na-eje ozi naanị ụmụ nwanyị, na-ebufe na ndị agha ikuku mgbe ngalaba ahụ na-etinye aka na ọrụ agha atọ na 1999. Ahmed nwere akara ugo mmụta site na Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies ma rụọ ọrụ karịsịa na ọrụ ọrụ mmadụ. Ọ bụ onye brigadier nwanyị mbụ nke Kenya. == Ọrụ == Fatuma Gaiti Ahmed amụrụ na 1965 sonye na ndị agha Kenya "site na mberede".[1] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 1983 ọ ga-alaghachi n'obodo ya iji nweta kaadị njirimara.[2][3] Ndị agha na-eme mkpọsa mbanye n'ọgbọ egwuregwu dị nso na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ ID wee jụọ ajụjụ banyere ịbanye.[3] Ọ banyere ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị agha Kenya dị ka onye uwe ojii na 1984 ma mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, e nyefere ya onye isi nke abụọ na Kenyan Women Service Corps.[3][2] Site na 1985 o jere ozi n'akụkụ ndị agha ikuku Kenya, ọkachasị na akụrụngwa mmadụ <ref name="nation2">{{Cite news|title=Uhuru shuffles military chiefs|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenya-first-female-brigadier/1056-2828882-qe90ia/index.html|accessdate=30 November 2017|work=Daily Nation Kenya|date=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="nation">{{Cite news|title=I joined military by accident: brigadier|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/news/I-joined-military-by-accident/1056-2845038-l6kfiwz/index.html|accessdate=30 November 2017|work=Daily Nation Kenya|date=24 August 2015|language=en-UK}}</ref> Ahmed nwere nzere na National Defence College na Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies na diplọma na njikwa na Mahadum Strathmore . <ref name="nation2" />{{Cite news|title=Uhuru shuffles military chiefs|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenya-first-female-brigadier/1056-2828882-qe90ia/index.html|accessdate=30 November 2017|work=Daily Nation Kenya|date=11 August 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenya-first-female-brigadier/1056-2828882-qe90ia/index.html "Uhuru shuffles military chiefs"]. ''Daily Nation Kenya''. 11 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ gafere na ndị agha ụgbọelu Kenya mgbe a gbasara Women Service Corps na 1999 ma tinye ndị ọrụ ya n'ime ndị agha Kenya fọdụrụnụ.<ref name="nation" />{{Cite news|title=I joined military by accident: brigadier|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/news/I-joined-military-by-accident/1056-2845038-l6kfiwz/index.html|accessdate=30 November 2017|work=Daily Nation Kenya|date=24 August 2015|language=en-UK}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.nation.co.ke/news/I-joined-military-by-accident/1056-2845038-l6kfiwz/index.html "I joined military by accident: brigadier"]. ''Daily Nation Kenya''. 24 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Nke a wepụkwara ihe mgbochi maka ndị otu Women Service Corps na ịghara ịlụ di ma ọ bụ nwunye; Ahmed gara n'ihu nwee ụmụ atọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ahmed: My journey to the top in military – VIDEO|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/news/I-joined-military-by-accident/1056-2845038-l6kfiwz/index.html|accessdate=6 December 2017|work=Daily Nation|date=24 August 2015|language=en-UK}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi nke otu ndị agha ma mesịa bụrụ onyeisi ndị ọrụ na isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha ụgbọelu Kenya. <ref name="nation2" /> A kwalitere Ahmed ka ọ bụrụ Brigadier n'ụbọchị iri n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2015 ma họpụta ya dịka onye isi nchịkwa nke Defence Forces Medical Insurance Scheme . <ref name="nation2" /> <ref name="IBT">{{Cite news|title=Who Is Fatumah Ahmed? Kenya Military Appoints First Woman Brigadier|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/who-fatumah-ahmed-kenya-military-appoints-first-woman-brigadier-2050053|accessdate=30 November 2017|work=International Business Times|date=12 August 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwanyị brigadier mbụ na Kenya.<ref name="IBT" /> A kwalitere Ahmed ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ọchịagha n'afọ 2018, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị mbụ na-achị Kenya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Njeru|first=Bettty|title=Who is Major General Fatuma Ahmed?|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001287935/who-is-major-general-fatuma-ahmed|accessdate=18 May 2020|work=The Standard|date=14 July 2018|language=en}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị, n'afọ 2024, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ na-achịkwa ndị agha ụgbọelu Kenya, nke mekwara ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị mbụ na'ịduzi otu n'ime ọrụ agha Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c72pl7445kpo|title=Maj Gen Fatuma Ahmed: Kenya's first woman air force commander|work=www.bbc.com}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Fatumah Gaiti}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] is0dbomvafqggg2icth0fshc95182er 0 58288 692561 211057 2026-07-30T10:00:41Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692561 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Fatuma Ali Saman</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" |1968 (afọ 56-57) &nbsp;<br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Mandera|Obodo Mandera]], [[Kenya]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A maara ya maka&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Mgbalị maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị |} Fatuma Ali Saman (amuru 1968) bu onye okacha amara na onye na-akwado ikike umunwanyi na onye otu ndi isi ulo oru ndi uwe ojii na-enwere onwe nke Kenya (KIPOA).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/Team+to+keep+police+in+check+takes+oath/-/1056/1420776/-/14ru9gu/-/index.html|title=Team to keep police in check takes oath|work=Daily Nation|language=en-UK|accessdate=2016-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipoa.go.ke/about-us/ipoa-board-members.html|title=IPOA Board Members|work=IPOA|accessdate=8 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126173848/http://ipoa.go.ke/about-us/ipoa-board-members.html|archivedate=26 November 2016}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Fatuma Ali Saman na Mandera, Northern Kenya na 1968. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị obere.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Mmụta == Saman gara ụlọ akwụkwọ St Brigid dị na Nairobi n'oge oge nnwere onwe mgbe "usoro 7-4-2-3" dị. Ọ gakwara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ụmụ nwanyị Wajir na 1983, wee hapụ n'afọ 1986 wee nweta akararịị mere ka ọ bụrụ nnabata na mahadum. Agbanyeghị, na 1987, ọ gara ọzụzụ dị ka onye nkuzi na kọleji Asumbi dị na South Nyanza, na nso mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya. O mechara gaa mahadum, wee gụchaa nzere bachelọ na agụmakwụkwọ, okpukperechi na akụkọ ihe mere eme.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ọrụ nkuzi == Saman anọwo na-akụzi ihe kemgbe afọ iri abụọ na ise na ụlọ ọrụ onwe na nke ọha na eze. Ọrụ nkuzi mbụ ya bụ na 1989 na Mandera boys town (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Mandera Islamic Centre) nke bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ gọọmentị. N'afọ 1993, ọ ghọrọ osote onye isi nkuzi nke Khadija Ummul-Muminun, ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ụmụ nwanyị nke gọọmentị. N'afọ 1995, Saman guzobere Nairobi Muslim Academy, ụlọ akwụkwọ na-akwụ ụgwọ onwe onye nke na-enye ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara, praịmarị na sekọndrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tuko.co.ke/323021-nairobi-muslim-academy-fees-structure-location-contacts.html|title=Nairobi Muslim Academy fees structure, location, contacts|date=7 November 2019}}</ref> Ebumnuche nke iguzobe Nairobi Muslim Academy, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ụmụ nwanyị na Nairobi Kenya, bụ inye gburugburu ebe obibi maka agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ agbọghọ dịka ọtụtụ ụmụ agbọghọ emetụtala site na alụmdi na nwunye n'oge.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ọ ka bụ onye ndụmọdụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/immersive-story/2017/08/22/educating-girls-ending-child-marriage|title=World Bank Report - Educating Girls, Ending Child Marriage|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2019-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nairobimuslimacademy.sc.ke/about-us/management-and-staff|title=School website|accessdate=2016-12-08|archivedate=2019-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724084209/http://www.nairobimuslimacademy.sc.ke/about-us/management-and-staff}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, a họpụtara Saman ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=2024|title=Fatuma Ali Saman – CSCR Center|url=https://cscrcenter.org/team_mf/fatuma-ali-saman/|accessdate=2024-08-26|work=cscrcenter.org|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.undp.org/content/dam/kenya/docs/Government%20Reports/Interim_Report_of_the_Task_Force_on_Devolved_Government.pdf|title=Draft Interim Report on Devolved Government in Kenya|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308105325/https://www1.undp.org/content/dam/kenya/docs/Government%20Reports/Interim_Report_of_the_Task_Force_on_Devolved_Government.pdf|archivedate=2022-03-08|accessdate=2019-10-21}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ nkuzi n'afọ 2012, mgbe a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu IPOA n'oge ọchịchị Kenya Coalition. == Ịlụ ọgụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị == Saman abụwo onye na-agba mbọ maka ikike na nnọchite anya ụmụ nwanyị na Kenya. Ọ rịọrọ ka ụmụ nwanyị nọrọ n'ọkwá ndị isi ọha na eze na nke onwe ha na itinye ha n'òtù na bọọdụ dị iche iche na-eme mkpebi. Enyemaka ya na-aga n'ihu ruo n'ókè nke iwu nke ikike na isi nke nnyefe na-emetụta na iwu. Mmalite nke iwu Kenya ọhụrụ (nke a makwaara dị ka Bomas draft), nke emere na 2010, gụnyere akụkụ abụọ dị mkpa ebe Saman rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu kọmitii teknụzụ na akwụkwọ ikike. Saman kwadoro ka e mepụta ọkwa nke ndị nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị 47 na ndị omeiwu Kenya. Ọ bụ onye ndú nke ndebanye aha ụmụ agbọghọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Northern Kenya ma lụso igbu ọkpụkpụ ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Saman nọchitere anya Kenya na mmemme nduzi mba ụwa nke ndị nleta na US n'afọ 2005. == Ọrụ obodo == Saman ejirila afọ ofufo jeere ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche dabere na obodo na okwukwe ozi site na ọrụ ndụmọdụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na kọmitii nduzi nke kansụl okpukpe nke Kenya (IRCK) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://interreligiouscouncil.or.ke/board%20members.html|title=IRCK {{!}} Board Members of IRCK|work=interreligiouscouncil.or.ke|accessdate=2016-12-08|archivedate=2016-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310162418/http://interreligiouscouncil.or.ke/board%20members.html}}</ref> ruo afọ iri. Ọrụ nkuzi ya sitere na ụkọ ndị nkuzi nke na-emetụta ogo na ụkpụrụ agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ kụziri ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche ma nyere aka mee ka ụmụ agbọghọ na-enweghị nne na nna banye na agụmakwụkwọ. Kemgbe afọ 1995, ụlọ ọrụ ebere nke ndị Alakụba nke Nairobi Waqf, otu ọrụ ebere nke ya na ya guzobere, anọwo na-enye ndị ogbenye, ndị di ha nwụrụ na ndị gbara alụkwaghịm ike site na ogige Nairobi site na ọzụzụ na inye ohere ọrụ. == Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na mgbanwe == Fatuma Ali Saman has played a significant role in fighting for freedom and equality in Kenya{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}}. One of her biggest achievements includes bringing change to the Kenya police which has been accused of human rights violations in the past.<ref>{{Cite web|title=As it happened: Record-breaking number of women added to Wikipedia|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-38243211|work=BBC News|language=en-gb|accessdate=2020-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/06/04/kenya-police-threaten-activists-reporting-abuse|title=Human Rights Watch Report|author=|first=|date=4 June 2018|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> As a board member of the Independent Policing and Oversight Authority, where she chairs the Inspections, Research and Monitoring committee, she has developed recommendations to improve the service{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}}. == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Saman, Fatuma Ali}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] gm7o890tog5a549712w9i6vqlpqbwh1 0 58290 692562 203583 2026-07-30T10:02:09Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692562 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatuma Ibrahim Ali (Somali: Fadumo Cibraahiim Cali) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kenya.[1] Ọ bụbu Kọmishọna nke National Commission on Human Rights.[2] Ali bụ onye otu ọgbakọ nke iri na otu nke Kenya na-anọchite anya mpaghara Wajir. A họpụtara ya n'ọkwa ahụ na March 2013 na tiketi Orange Democratic Movement.[3] Ugbu a ọ bụ onye otu ọgbakọ nke anọ (2017–2022), nke ọgbakọ omebe iwu East Africa[4] na-anọchite anya Kenya. O sitere n'agbụrụ Somalia. == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Fatuma Ibrahim}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] m34efb0478aby2fas954iunkhhcyls5 0 59182 692415 516590 2026-07-29T23:38:53Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort and databox 692415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Fatim-Zahra Ammor ma ọ bụ Fatima-Zahra Ammor (amụrụ 1967) bụ onye injinia Moroccan, onye ndụmọdụ na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[1] Kemgbe Ọktoba 7, 2021, ọ bụbu onye minista na-ahụ maka njem nlegharị anya ugbu a, ọrụ aka na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ịdị n'otu nke Morocco.. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Challenge|date=7 October 2021|title=Qui est Fatim-Zahra Ammor, ministre du Tourisme, de l'Artisanat et de l'Economie sociale et solidaire ?|url=https://www.challenge.ma/qui-est-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire-222844/|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=Challenge|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2023-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131080332/https://www.challenge.ma/qui-est-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire-222844/}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Fatim-Zahra Ammor mụrụ na Rabat na 1967 n'ime ezinụlọ ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi. Nna ya bụ onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ na nne ya bụ onye edemede.[1] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Lycée Lyautey na Casablanca, ọ gbagara France maka klaasị nkwadebe, wee sonye na National School of Advanced Techniques na Paris (ENSTA Paris), ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta injinia na 1991..<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=|date=7 October 2021|title=Fatim-Zahra Ammor, une marketeuse à la tête du ministère du Tourisme|url=https://snrtnews.com/fr/article/fatim-zahra-ammor-une-dg-%C3%A0-la-t%C3%AAte-du-minist%C3%A8re-du-tourisme|accessdate=2022-10-08|work=SNRTnews|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ọrụ ọkachamara == Mgbe ọ laghachiri Morocco n'afọ 1992, ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Marketing na Procter &amp;amp; Gamble tupu ọ banye n'òtù Moroccan Akwa Group n'afọ 2001 dị ka onye nduzi ahịa na onye otu kọmitii na-ahụ maka ọrụ ebe o nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'iwu ihe dị ka iri abụọ siri ike.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Maison de l’Artisan|date=7 October 2021|title=Nomination de Mme Fatim-Zahra Ammor nouvelle Ministre du Tourisme, de l'Artisanat et de l'Economie Sociale et Solidaire|url=https://www.mda.gov.ma/fr/nomination-de-mme-fatim-zahra-ammor-nouvelle-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire/|accessdate=2022-09-08|work=Artisanat du Maroc|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2022-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021134745/https://www.mda.gov.ma/fr/nomination-de-mme-fatim-zahra-ammor-nouvelle-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire/}}</ref> N'oge a, ya na Aziz Akhannouch, duziri Timitar, emume nke Egwú Ụwa na Morocco na Agadir, na ebumnuche nke iweghachi obodo Agadir dị ka ebe ọdịbendị <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Fatim-Zahra Ammor, une consultante chevronnée au service du Tourisme|url=https://telquel.ma/2021/10/07/fatim-zahra-ammor-une-consultante-chevronnee-au-service-du-tourisme_1739475?fbrefresh=5|accessdate=2021-10-11|work=Telquel.ma|language=fr}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, ọ malitere inye ndị isi ndụmọdụ na ahịa na mmepe azụmaahịa, na-enye ya ohere iduzi ọtụtụ ihe omume mba ụwa n'aha ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze Assises de l'Agriculture, Salon du Cheval, Berlin Green Week, wdg.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|author=News tourisme|title=Biographie de Fatim-Zahra Ammor, ministre du Tourisme, de l'Artisanat et de l'Economie sociale et solidaire|url=https://newstourisme.com/tourisme/biographie-de-fatim-zahra-ammor/|accessdate=2022-08-14|work=www.newstourisme.com|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2022-07-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704113639/https://newstourisme.com/tourisme/biographie-de-fatim-zahra-ammor/}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, Eze Mohammed VI họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ General Commissioner nke Milan Universal Exhibition (Expo Milano 2015). N'okpuru idu ndú ya, ụlọ Moroccan bụ nke ise a na-eleta n'ihe ngosi ahụ site n'ịnabata nde ndị ọbịa 3 n'ime ọnwa 6 N'afọ 2021, ọ sonyeere ndị nduzi nke Société des Boissons du Maroc, nke bụ enyemaka nke Castel Group. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|author=Challenge|date=22 November 2015|title=Elle fait l'actu : Fatim-Zahra Ammor, Commissaire Générale du Pavillon du Maroc à Expo Milano|url=https://www.challenge.ma/elle-fait-lactu-fatim-zahra-ammor-commissaire-generale-du-pavillon-du-maroc-a-expo-milano-46575/|accessdate=2022-10-07|work=www.challenge.ma|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2022-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021140243/https://www.challenge.ma/elle-fait-lactu-fatim-zahra-ammor-commissaire-generale-du-pavillon-du-maroc-a-expo-milano-46575/}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|author=SBM|title=ASSEMBLEE GENERALE MIXTE du 27 Avril 2020|url=https://www.boissons-maroc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SBM-AGM-du-27-avril-2020-Avis-de-convocation-V3.pdf/|accessdate=2022-09-07|work=www.boissons-maroc.com|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2023-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417020507/https://www.boissons-maroc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SBM-AGM-du-27-avril-2020-Avis-de-convocation-V3.pdf}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == N'ịbụ onye so na pati RNI (National Rally of Independents), ọ sonyeere gọọmentị Aziz Akhannouch duziri dị ka Minista njem nlegharị anya, ọrụ aka na Social and Solidarity Economy na mbọ gọọmentị na-eme iji kwụsị ọgba aghara post-Covid-19 na ịmaliteghachi njem nlegharị anya Moroccan, bụ isi ihe na-enye aka na akụnụba Moroccan.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|author=|date=8 October 2021|title=Qui est Fatim-Zahra Ammor ministre du Tourisme et de l'économie solidaire ?|url=http://www.menara.ma/fr/article/qui-est-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-solidaire|accessdate=2021-10-11|work=www.menara.ma|archivedate=2021-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009233756/https://www.menara.ma/fr/article/qui-est-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-solidaire}}</ref> Na 7 Ọktoba 2021, Eze Mohammed VI họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye Minista nke njem nlegharị anya, aka na akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndị isi nke Aziz Akhannouch, nọchiri onye minista gara aga Nadia Fettah Alaoui.[1] Njem nlegharị anya na Morocco bụ isi ihe na-akpata ego na ego mba ọzọ maka mba ahụ, e nyefekwara ya ka ọ rụgharịa ya n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web|author=Goff|first=Shaquile|title=Fatim-Zahra Ammor appointed Minister of Tourism Handicrafts and Social and Solidarity Economy|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/10/344816/fatim-zahra-ammor-appointed-minister-of-tourism-handicrafts-and-social-and-solidarity-economy|accessdate=2021-10-11|work=www.moroccoworldnews.com|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Fatim-Zahra lụrụ di ma bụrụ nne ụmụ abụọ. Di ya bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa. Ya na di ya biri na Luxembourg site na 2017 ruo mgbe ọ banyere na gọọmentị na 2021.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|author=Map|title=Mme Fatim-Zahra Ammor, ministre du Tourisme, de l'Artisanat et de l'Economie sociale et solidaire|url=http://mapnews.ma/fr/le-gouvernement/mme-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-l%E2%80%99artisanat-et-de-l%E2%80%99economie-sociale/|accessdate=2022-10-07|work=www?mapnews.ma/|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2022-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021134747/http://mapnews.ma/fr/le-gouvernement/mme-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-l%E2%80%99artisanat-et-de-l%E2%80%99economie-sociale/}}</ref> == Edemsibia == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ammor, Fatim-Zahra}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] eemo1qfgvcqm99dacth85tb9hrgo14l 0 59427 692095 644303 2026-07-29T15:36:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692095 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwamahoro Antoinette''' (amụrụ na 25 Disemba 1975 na Kigali) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Rwanda. == Ọrụ == Uwamahoro Antoinette dị ka a maara dị ka "Intare y'igore", "Siperansiya" na-eme ihe nkiri kemgbe afọ iri abụọ na Rwanda.[1] Ọ ghọrọ onye ama ama na ihe nkiri Rwandan dị iche iche gụnyere Serwakira, Giramata, Mukadata, Intare y'ingore na ndị ọzọ. N'ọkwa ọzọ ga-ewu ewu na Seburikoko na Television Rwandan. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Harerimana|first=Jean Claude|date=2021-07-16|title=Byinshi wamenya kuri Siperansiya wo muri Seburikoko.|url=https://yegob.rw/byinshi-wamenya-kuri-siperansiya-wo-muri-seburikoko/|accessdate=2022-08-05|work=YEGOB|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021105603/https://yegob.rw/byinshi-wamenya-kuri-siperansiya-wo-muri-seburikoko/}}</ref> == Onye nwere mmetụta == O chere na ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri dịka iwu.<ref name=":0"/> == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ bụ nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ asaa. Ọ lụrụ nwanyị ma nwee ụmụ atọ. Ugbu a, ọ bi na Nyarugenge District na Nyamirambo Sector . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Munezero|first=Martin|title=Menya iby’urukundo ruri kuvugwa hagati ya Seburikoko na Antoinette uzwi nka Intare y’Ingore|url=http://www.umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/menya-iby-urukundo-ruri-kuvugwa-hagati-ya-seburikoko-na-antoinette-uzwi-nka|accessdate=2022-08-05|work=Umuryango - Kinyarwanda|language=en}}</ref> [https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/menya-iby-urukundo-ruri-kuvugwa-hagati-ya-seburikoko-na-antoinette-uzwi-nka] == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qkgxp09xlwj4n927kfvzsr0olm5qyfu 0 59657 692375 578088 2026-07-29T22:04:55Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort and databox 692375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Farida Mahomed (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1955) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa nke nọchitere anya African National Congress (ANC) dị ka onye nọchitere na National Assembly site n'afọ 1996 ruo 2009 ma mesịa site n'ọnwe 2013 ruo 2014. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Mahomed na 2 Febụwarị 1955. == Ọrụ iwu == A họpụtaghị Mahomed ka ọ bụrụ nzuko omeiwu na ntuli aka izugbe nke 1994,[1] mana ọ sonyeere ndị isi n'oge oge omebe iwu, na 1996, iji mejupụta ohere efu.[2] Ọ jere ozi ugboro atọ n'usoro n'oche, na-enweta ntuli aka na usoro zuru ezu na 1999[3] na 2004.[4]. Ọ bụ onye so na kọmitii oru ngo na iwu onwe onye Alakụba nke Commissionlọ Ọrụ Iwu hibere iji depụta Bill Marriages Bill.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Mitchell|first=Eve Mullen, Gordon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aeI06FGSGmoC&q=farida+mahomed+ANC|title=Religion and the Political Imagination in a Changing South Africa|date=2002|publisher=Waxmann Verlag|isbn=978-3-8309-6148-2|pages=128|language=en}}</ref> Na ntuli aka izugbe nke afọ 2009, a họpụtaghị Mahomed ọzọ n'oche ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ laghachiri na 15 August 2013, mgbe a ṅụrụ iyi na ọgbakọ iji mejupụta ohere efu nke sitere na arụkwaghịm Loretta Jacobus.[1] Na ntuli aka izugbe n'afọ na-abịa, ọ nọ n'ọkwa 35 na ndepụta pati mpaghara ANC maka Gauteng ma tụfuo oche ya ọzọ..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Farida Mahomed|url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/farida-mahomed/|accessdate=2023-05-13|work=People's Assembly|language=en}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahomed, Farida}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] eaysbe56d61pn28ebnwcj25lzw1eopx 0 60230 692505 539277 2026-07-30T09:13:22Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Fatima Hassan''' bụ onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na South Africa nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ọhịa ikpe ziri ezi. O meriri Calgary Peace Prize na 2022 maka ọrụ ya nke gụnyere ikpughe ikpe na-ezighị ezi na mbubata ọgwụ mgbochi COVID-19 zuru ụwa ọnụ. == Agụmakwụkwọ == Hassan nwere nzere bachelọ nka na LL.B sitere na Mahadum Witwatersrand yana LL.M sitere na Mahadum Duke.<ref name=":0" />{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Recipients {{!}} Fatima Hassan|url=https://www.mtroyal.ca/ProgramsCourses/FacultiesSchoolsCentres/Arts/EventsandConferences/CalgaryPeacePrize/recipients.htm|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=Mount Royal University|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Hassan bụ onye nchoputa nke Health Justice Initiative (HJI), [1] [2] ma bụrụ akụkụ nke otu ndị tọrọ ntọala 2008 Western Cape Civil Society Task Team megide Xenophobia. N'ọrụ ikike mmadụ ya, ọ gbara akwụkwọ megide ndị na-ewe mmadụ n'ọrụ, gọọmentị South Africa, na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ..<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Fatima Hassan - Yale Law School|url=https://law.yale.edu/fatima-hassan|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=law.yale.edu}}</ref> Site na 2013 ruo 2019, ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Open Society Foundation maka South Africa . <ref name=":0" />{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Recipients {{!}} Fatima Hassan|url=https://www.mtroyal.ca/ProgramsCourses/FacultiesSchoolsCentres/Arts/EventsandConferences/CalgaryPeacePrize/recipients.htm|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=Mount Royal University|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.mtroyal.ca/ProgramsCourses/FacultiesSchoolsCentres/Arts/EventsandConferences/CalgaryPeacePrize/recipients.htm "Recipients | Fatima Hassan"]. ''Mount Royal University''. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka AIDS Law Project, na-arụ ọrụ maka Treatment Action Campaign, na-ede akwụkwọ maka Justice Kate O'Regan, ma bụrụkwa onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye Minista [[Barbara Hogan]].<ref name=":0" /> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na bọọdụ nke [[Ndifuna Ukwazi]], Raith Foundation, Médecins Sans Frontières South Africa, International Treatment Preparedness Coalition, na Global Witness.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ nọ n'òtù ndụmọdụ nke Resolve to Save Lives. E nyela ya ọtụtụ fellowship gụnyere Franklin Thomas South Africa Constitutional Court Fellowship (Duke Law School) na Tom & Andi Bernstein Distinguished Human Rights Fellowsship, na Yale Law School . <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />{{Cite web|title=Fatima Hassan - Yale Law School|url=https://law.yale.edu/fatima-hassan|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=law.yale.edu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://law.yale.edu/fatima-hassan "Fatima Hassan - Yale Law School"]. ''law.yale.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> O deela maka Foreign Policy, Al Jazeera, Guardian, Le Monde, Daily Maverick, Mail & Guardian, Bhekisisa, ma na-akwado pọdkastị The Witness na Access.<ref name=":0" >{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Recipients {{!}} Fatima Hassan|url=https://www.mtroyal.ca/ProgramsCourses/FacultiesSchoolsCentres/Arts/EventsandConferences/CalgaryPeacePrize/recipients.htm|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=Mount Royal University|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.mtroyal.ca/ProgramsCourses/FacultiesSchoolsCentres/Arts/EventsandConferences/CalgaryPeacePrize/recipients.htm "Recipients | Fatima Hassan"]. ''Mount Royal University''. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> N'afọ 2021, ọ na-edekwa akwụkwọ na British Medical Journal, ya na Prọfesọ [[Leslie London]] na Prọf Gregg Gonsalves, yana Kamran Abassi na Prọfs Gavin Yamey, na-ekpughe ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ọgwụ mgbochi COVID-19 zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hassan|first=Fatima|date=2021-12-13|title=Unequal global vaccine coverage is at the heart of the current covid-19 crisis|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj.n3074|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=375|pages=n3074|doi=10.1136/bmj.n3074|issn=1756-1833|pmid=34903557}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu Peoples Vaccines Alliance wee merie Calgary Peace Prize na 2022[1] nke gụnyere nnabata maka ọrụ ya gara aga na HIV / AIDS yana maka ọrụ ya na nha nha nha nha COVID-19, gụnyere ihe ịma aka nzuzo ọrịa na-efe efe, ịba uru na ihe mgbochi IP ịnweta.[2] Ọ bụ Mount Royal University nyere onyinye a dịka akụkụ nke John de Chastelain Peace Initiative . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kost|first=Hannah|date=2019-04-03|title=The Story Behind the Calgary Peace Prize|url=https://www.avenuecalgary.com/city-life/the-story-behind-the-calgary-peace-prize/|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=Avenue Calgary|language=en-CA}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://healthjusticeinitiative.org.za/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Health Justice Initiative] * [https://healthjusticeinitiative.org.za/podcast-access/ Podcast Access nke Hassan] {{DEFAULTSORT:Hassan, Fatima}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 915sk6ixkcv7tcgt7i3x2405bj1z5kq 0 60413 692341 638736 2026-07-29T19:57:07Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692341 wikitext text/x-wiki ; Soncino Zohar, Numbers/Bamidbar, Section 3, Page 218a   '''eAịsaịa 53''' bụ isi nke iri ise na atọ nke Akwụkwọ Aịsaịa na Bible Hibru ma ọ bụ Agba Ochie nke [[Akwụkwọ Nsọ|Bible Ndị Kraịst]]. Akwụkwọ a nwere amụma ndị a na-ekwu na ọ bụ onye amụma Aịsaịa ma bụrụ otu n'ime Nevi'im. A maara isi nke 40 ruo 55 dị ka "Deutero-Isaiah" ma malite n'oge Ndị Izrel chụgara Babilọn. == Abụ Ohu nke Ise: Aịsaịa 52:13 ruo 53:12 ==   Ma, ọ bụ ọrịa anyị ka ọ na-ebu, ahụhụ anyị na-ata ka o mere anyị, Ayi we gua ya dika onye ihe otiti, tib͕ue na onye riri nne, ma e merụrụ ya ahụ n'ihi mmehie anyị, egwepịara ya n'ihi ajọ omume anyị. O bu ntaramahụhụ ahụ nke mere ka anyị dị mma, Ọ bụkwa site n'ọchihịa ya ka anyị na-enyere aka.Ehie ụzọ dị ka atụrụ .Onye ọ bụla na-aga n'ụzọ nke ya ';Jehova letakwara ya ajọ omume nke anyị niile. O Aisaia 53-4-6 onye Juu Ọhụrụ ndị Juu mbipụta. Aịsaịa 52:13-53:12 mejupụtara nke anọ n'ime "Abụ Ohu" nke Akwụkwọ Aịsaịa, na-akọwa "ohu" Chineke nke a na-emegbu ma na-eleda anya ma mesịa bụrụ onye a gbachitere.<ref name="JanowskiStuhlmacher2004">{{Cite book|author=Bernd Janowski|title=The Suffering Servant: Isaiah 53 in Jewish and Christian Sources|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kSawgIbFsNsC&pg=PA16|year=2004|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-0845-5|accessdate=13 July 2018}}</ref> Isi okwu nke akụkụ ahụ gụnyere: * '''Mmegide mmadụ megide ebumnuche Chineke maka ohu'''. Ohu ahụ nwere ọnọdụ dị elu n'anya Chineke, mana ndị mmadụ na-eleda ya anya ma na-ele ya anya dị ka onye Chineke kpọrọ asị (Isa 52:13-53:3). * '''Mmetụta obi ọjọọ na ọnwụ nke onye na-ejere ya ozi.''' Akụkụ a na-eji okwu ime ihe ike akọwa ọdịnihu nke ohu ahụ, gụnyere nhụjuanya, ihe a kụrụ, ihe a na-ata ahụhụ, ihe merụrụ ahụ, ihe a ga-egbutu, ihe a mara, ihe a tụrụ n'ahụ, ihe mgbu na ihe a gafere ọnwụ. * '''Enweghị okwukwe n'amụma'''. Onye amụma ahụ jụrụ ma onye ọ bụla ga-ekwere ihe ọ na-akọ (Isa. 53:1). * '''Ihe aka ya dị ọcha''' nke ohu ahụ. N'oge nsogbu, a na-akọwa ohu ahụ dị ka onye aka ya dị ọcha maka mmegwara (Isa 53:7), ime ihe ike, ma ọ bụ aghụghọ (Isa 53:9). * Ngọzi nye ndị na-akpagbu ya. N'ihi ahụhụ ohu ahụ, a na-enye ndị na-akpagbu ya udo (Isa 53:5), ọgwụgwọ (Isa 53:5), nnwere onwe ha pụọ na ikpe ọmụma ha (Isa 53, 12) ma gbanahụ ntaramahụhụ (Isa 53 -8). * '''Nkwado nke ohu mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.''' Mgbe mkpagbu na ọnwụ ya gasịrị, a na-enye ohu ahụ ogologo ndụ ma mee ka nzube nke Onyenwe anyị nwee ọganihu (Isa 53:10). * '''Ịgbasa ezi omume na ndị ọzọ.''' Ohu ezi omume ga-eme ka ọtụtụ ndị ezi omume, si otú a gbasaa ezi omume ya na ndị ọzọ (Isa 53:11). * '''Mgbaghara na ịrịọchitere.''' N'ihi omume ohu ahụ, a na-ewepụ "ikpe ọmụma nke ọtụtụ" n'aka ha (Isa 53:6, 12) ma na-anata arịrịọ n'aha ha site n'aka ohu ahụ (Isa 53:12). Isiokwu nke akụkụ ahụ gụnyere ọtụtụ isiokwu gbasara ụkpụrụ omume, gụnyere ikpe ọmụma, enweghị ihe ọ bụla, ime ihe ike, ikpe na-ezighị ezi, ịgbaso uche Chineke, nchegharị, na ezi omume. A ga-atụle nhọrọ ntụgharị dị mkpa maka njirimara onye na-eje ozi n'okpuru ebe a. E dere ihe odide mbụ ahụ n'asụsụ Hibru nke Bible. E kewara isiakwụkwọ a n'amaokwu iri na abụọ, ọ bụ ezie na pericope malitere na Aịsaịa 52:13. N'ihi ya, pericope nwere amaokwu iri na ise. Akụkụ ahụ ka dị n'ọtụtụ omenala ederede na-achị onwe ya na nke yiri ibe ya na Hibru, Grik, Latin, na ndị ọzọ. . Hibru Hibru Akwụkwọ Hibru Akwụkwọ Hibru a ma ama nke na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ndabere maka ọtụtụ nsụgharị nke oge a bụ Codex Leningradensis (1008). Ihe odide ndị ọzọ nke ọdịnala Masoretic Text gụnyere Codex Cairensis (895), Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), na Aleppo Codex (narị afọ n to uske iri). [3] A chọtara iberibe akwụkwọ ndị nwere isi a niile n'etiti Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ. Ndị a bụ ndị akaebe kachasị ochie dị na ederede Hibru nke isi: * 1Isaaa (narị afọ nke abụọ BCE).<ref name="jull">{{Cite journal|author=Timothy A. J. Jull|url=https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/1642|title=Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert|journal=Radiocarbon|volume=37|year=1995|doi=10.1017/S0033822200014740|accessdate=26 November 2014}}</ref> ): amaokwu niile * 1Isab (narị afọ nke mbụ BCE): amaokwu niile<ref>{{Cite book|title=Qumran cave 1. II, The Isaiah scrolls|others=Ulrich, Eugene; Flint, Peter W.; Abegg, Martin G., Jr.|year=2010|isbn=9780199566679|location=Oxford|pages=12–13, 21|oclc=708744480|author=Ulrich|first=Eugene}}</ref> * 4QIsa^b (4Q56): amaokwu 11-12 dị ugbu a * 4QIsa^c (4Q57): amaokwu ndị dị ugbu a 1-3, 6-8 * 4QIsa^d (4Q58): amaokwu 8-12 dị ugbu a '''Grik''' A sụgharịrị nsụgharị gaa na Koine Grik nke a maara dị ka Septuagint na narị afọ ole na ole gara aga BCE. Ihe odide oge ochie dị ug'''B''' '''A''' nke n'''S''' <sup id="mw<sup id=" mwbg="">A</sup>">S gụnyere Codex Vaticanus (<sup id="mwZ<b id=" mwca="">Q">B</sup>; G {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} B; narị afọ nke anọ), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: G {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} S; narị afọ nke anọ), Codex Alexandrinus (A; G {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} A; narị afọ nke ise) na Codex Marchalianus (^Q; G {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} Q; narị afọ nke isii). [6] E tinyere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ederede ahụ na Agba Ọhụrụ (lee Agba Ọha n'okpuru) ma bụrụ ndị akaebe ọzọ maka ederede Grik na narị afọ mbụ. Hexapla nke Origen chebere nsụgharị Grik dịgasị iche iche nke ederede sitere na Aquila, Theodotion, na Symmachus, nke sitere na narị afọ nke abụọ OA.<ref>Fragments of the Hexapla may be found in {{Cite book|author=Field|first=Frederick|title=Origenis Hexaplorum|date=1875|publisher=E typographeo Clarendoniano|location=Oxford, UK|url=https://archive.org/details/origenhexapla01unknuoft}}</ref> '''Latịn''' Jerome sụgharịrị Vulgate ya site na ihe odide Hibru nke ọ nwere na narị afọ nke anọ OA. Nlaghachi nke Latin n'ime Hibru nwere ike iweghachite ihe ihe odide Hibru ya kwuru n'oge ahụ.'''Asụsụ Ndị Ọzọ''' nke Aịsaịa 53 dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ, mana ha nwere obere uru maka ịmepụta ederede dị oke egwu. Targum Isaiah nke Aramaic na-akọwapụta ma na-agbagọ agbagọ na nsụgharị ya. Ọtụtụ nsụgharị ndị ọzọ (ya bụ, Ethiopic, Slavonic, wdg), nke Ndị Kraịst mepụtara, dabere na Septuagint ma bụrụ ndị a na-ejighị eme ihe maka iweghachite Hibru. == Parashot == Akụkụ ''parashah'' ndị edepụtara ebe a dabere na Aleppo Codex . Aịsaịa 53 bụ akụkụ nke Consolation (Aịsaịa 40-66). {P}: ''parashah'' mepere emepe; {S}: paras Shah mechiri emepe. : [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] == Nhọrọ nkọwa gbasara njirimara onye na-ejere ya ozi == Ajụjụ ntụgharị dị mkpa a ga-aza maka akụkụ ahụ metụtara onye Aịsaịa bu n'obi maka ohu ahụ. Ajụjụ ndị dị mkpa metụtara ya gụnyere mmekọrịta onye na-ejere Aịsaịa 53 ozi na onye na-eje ozi (s) a kpọtụrụ aha n'abụ ndị ohu ndị ọzọ. A tụwo aro ụdị ntụgharị atọ dị mkpa maka onye na-ejere Aịsaịa ozi 53 ozi: '''Onye ọ bụla''' Nkọwa nke onye ọ bụla na-ekwu na onye a chọrọ maka ohu ahụ bụ otu nwoke Israel. A na-edepụta aha nwoke nke atọ na ngwaa dị ka ihe akaebe maka ọnọdụ a. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akọwa pericope dum gbasara onye ọ bụla, na n'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, ọ bụ naanị amaokwu ahọpụtara ka a na-aghọ ya. A tụwo aro ọtụtụ ndị na-ezo aka n'otu n'otu: * Rabbi Akiva (y. Shekalim 5:1) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shekalim.5.1?lang=en|title=Jerusalem Talmud Shekalim 5:1|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002856/https://www.sefaria.org/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shekalim.5.1?lang=en}}</ref> * [[Mozis]] (b. Sotah 14a) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Sotah.14a?lang=en|title=Sotah 14a|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002858/https://www.sefaria.org/Sotah.14a?lang=en}}</ref> * Mezaịa Ndị Juu: (Targum Jonathan,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Targum_Jonathan_on_Isaiah.52.13?lang=en|title=Targum Jonathan on Isaiah 52:13|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002859/https://www.sefaria.org/Targum_Jonathan_on_Isaiah.52.13?lang=en}}</ref> b. Sanhedrin 98a-b,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.98a?lang=en|title=Sanhedrin 98a|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002905/https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.98a?lang=en}}</ref> Ruth Rabbah 5:6,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Ruth_Rabbah.5.6?lang=en|title=Ruth Rabbah 5:6|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002857/https://www.sefaria.org/Ruth_Rabbah.5.6?lang=en}}</ref> Midrash Tanchuma Toldot 14,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Midrash_Tanchuma%2C_Toldot.14?lang=en|title=Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 14|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002900/https://www.sefaria.org/Midrash_Tanchuma,_Toldot.14?lang=en}}</ref> Yalkut Shimoni 476,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Yalkut_Shimoni_on_Nach.476?lang=en|title=Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 476|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002903/https://www.sefaria.org/Yalkut_Shimoni_on_Nach.476?lang=en}}</ref> Midrash Tehillim 2:7,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Midrash_Tehillim.2.9?lang=en|title=Midrash Tehillim 2:9|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002855/https://www.sefaria.org/Midrash_Tehillim.2.9?lang=en}}</ref> Maimonides<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Iggerot_HaRambam%2C_Iggeret_Teiman.13?lang=en|title=Iggerot HaRambam, Iggeret Teiman 13|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002858/https://www.sefaria.org/Iggerot_HaRambam,_Iggeret_Teiman.13?lang=en}}</ref>) * Jeremaịa (Saadia Gaon) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.judaismsanswer.com/Saadiah.htm|title=Saadiah and Isaiah 53|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=23 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023034115/http://judaismsanswer.com/Saadiah.htm}}</ref> * [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs onye Nazaret]] (Agba Ọhụrụ na ọdịnala Ndị Kraịst) A Righteous Israeli Remnant Ụfọdụ nkọwa na-ekwu na ohu ahụ bụ onye nnọchi anya ndị Izrel ọ bụla na-emezu otu ụkpụrụ nke ezi omume, nke mere na akụkụ ahụ metụtara ụfọdụ ndị Izrel ọ bụghị ndị ọzọ. Ihe atụ gụnyere: * Onye ọ bụla Onyenwe anyị nwere obi ụtọ, ọ na-ata ahụhụ (b. Berakhot 5a) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.5a?lang=en|title=Berakhot 5a|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002900/https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.5a?lang=en}}</ref> * Onye ọ bụla na-arịa ọrịa ma nwee nsị (b. Berakhot 57b) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.57b?lang=en|title=Berakhot 57b|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002856/https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.57b?lang=en}}</ref> National Nkọwa a na-ekwu na ohu ahụ bụ ihe atụ maka '''Mba''' Israel dum. A na-ahụ ahụhụ nke ohu ahụ dị ka ahụhụ nke mba ahụ n'ozuzu ya mgbe ọ nọ n'ebe a chụgara ya. Nkọwa a pụtara na mbụ na ndị Juu a na-akpọghị aha nke Origen maara na narị afọ nke atọ OA (lee n'okpuru), ọ ghọkwara ọnọdụ ka ukwuu n'ime okpukpe ndị Juu site n'oge etiti ruo taa. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ejikọta echiche a na echiche "ezi ihe fọdụrụ" (dịka Rashi na 53:3 na 53:8) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Isaiah.53.3?lang=en&with=Rashi&lang2=en|title=Isaiah 53:3|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002856/https://www.sefaria.org/Isaiah.53.3?lang=en&with=Rashi&lang2=en}}</ref> Nkọwa ndị nnọchiteanya gụnyere: * Rashi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Rashi_on_Isaiah.52.13?lang=en|title=Rashi on Isaiah 52:13|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002854/https://www.sefaria.org/Rashi_on_Isaiah.52.13?lang=en}}</ref> * Ibn Ezra<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Ibn_Ezra_on_Isaiah.52.13.1?lang=en|title=Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 52:13:1|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002853/https://www.sefaria.org/Ibn_Ezra_on_Isaiah.52.13.1?lang=en}}</ref> * Radak<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Radak_on_Isaiah.52.13.1?lang=en|title=Radak on Isaiah 52:13:1|accessdate=3 December 2022|archivedate=3 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203002857/https://www.sefaria.org/Radak_on_Isaiah.52.13.1?lang=en}}</ref> {{Reflist|2}} O siri ike ọ bụla akụkụ nke ya Akwụkwọ Nsọ Hibru bụ ma bụrụ nke dị oke mkpa na. Akụkọ banyere arụmụka ndị Juu na Ndị Kraịst ma ọ bụ keere òkè dị mkpa otú ahụ na ya, dị ka abụ ohu nke anọ nke Aịzaya.Akụkụ akụkụ ọ bụla ọzọ nwere nkọwa dị iche na mgbe ụfọdụ na-ekewapụ onwe ya dịka nke a.STEFAN SchREINER ONYE NA-AHỤ AHỤ. Ihe odide dịgasị iche iche gafee ọtụtụ narị afọ gụnyere nkọwa nke isi. Akụkụ a ga-eme ka ụfọdụ n'ime isi ihe nkọwa ndị a haziri site na ụbọchị mmalite ederede pụta ìhè. === Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ (narị afọ nke atọ BCE - narị afọ nke mbụ CE) === Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ gụnyere akwụkwọ mpịakọta Bible na nke na-abụghị Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke gosipụtara ederede na isiokwu nke Aịsaịa 53. ==== 1QIs^a, Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Aịsaịa Ukwu ==== N'isiokwu ha banyere nkọwa nke Aịsaịa 53 n'oge tupu oge Ndị Kraịst, Martin Hengel na Daniel P. Bailey kwuru na enwere ike ịgụ Mesaịa n'Akwụkwọ Nsọ Ukwu Aịsaịa 52:14. Ha dere, {{Reflist|2}} Ahịrị nke mbụ kwenyere na MT (site na mT nọ ebe a na-asụ finwl Okwu na enwere ike ịtụgharị ya, dịka ọtụtụ ndị tụrụ gị n'anya Ma n'ahịrị nke abụọ, kama nke Mt edoghị anya hapax. N'ihi na ọgụgụ a na-egosi na Chineke tere ohu ahụ mmanụ "karịa nke nwoke ọ bụla (onye ọzọ), o yikarịrị ka onye odeakwụkwọ nke dere Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Aịsaịa Ukwu ahụ kọwara ohu ahụ dị ka Mezaịa. Ụdị ọzọ dị na ihe odide Qumran abụọ na LXX. Martin na Hengel ^d, "Ihe kachasị mkpa nke Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta A na B nwere otu ihe (lee kwa 4QIsad) bụ ahịrịokwu י Brain אור ("ọ ga-ahụ ìhè") na 53:11, nke akaebe ya na LXX. "<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hengel|first=Martin|editor=Janowski|title=The Suffering Servant|date=2004|publisher=Eerdmans|location=Grand Rapids, MI|chapter=The Effective History of Isaiah 53 in the Pre-Christian Period}}</ref> . "<ref>{{Cite book|author=Evans|first=Craig A.|editor=Bock|title=The Gospel According to Isaiah 53|date=2012|publisher=Kregel Academic|pages=147–48|chapter=Isaiah 53 in the Letters of Peter, Paul, H ebrews, and John}}</ref>O yikarịrị ka ndị Qumran lere Aịsaịa 52:7 anya dị ka mmalite nke pericope, ebe 52:13 malite ná nkebi ọhụrụ. Dị ka ọkà mmụta Craig Evans si kwuo: Ihe akaebe 1. Akwụkwọ mpịakọta 1QIsaa gụnyere siglọm n’akụkụ Aịzaya 52:7 . 2. Ederede Masoret na-agụnye samek (akara maka Seder) n'otu amaokwu ahụ. Nkọwa Evans na-atụ aro na akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ abụọ ahụ na-ekwu banyere Aịzaya 52:7-12 na 52:13-53:12 dị ka ihe jikọrọ ya na 52:7-12 ewebata uri ahụ. ==== 4Q541 Nkebi nke 9 ==== Akụkụ nke 4Q541 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q541-1|title=The Dead Sea Scrolls - 4Q Apocryphon of Levi|accessdate=7 December 2022|archivedate=7 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207020728/https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q541-1}}</ref> gụnyere isiokwu banyere onye ga-emebi ọgbọ ya, n'agbanyeghị na ọgbọ ya bụ ihe ọjọọ ma na-emegide ya. Hengel na Bailey nyochara iberibe a na ndị ọzọ, na-ekwu, "N'oge 1963, Starcky chere na akụkụ ndị a nke 4Q540 na 541... 'dị ka ha na-eme ka Mezaịa na-ata ahụhụ n'echiche nke Abụ Ndị Ohu meghere.'" Ihe odide nke 4Q541, Nkebi nke 9 na-agụ,   ==== 11Q13 (11QMelch) ==== 11Q13, nke a makwaara dị ka 11QMelch ma ọ bụ Melkizedek, bụ Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ sitere n’Ọgba Qumran 11. Ọ na-egosi Melkizedek dịka onye-ndu nke ndị mmụọ ozi Chineke n’agha nke eluigwe megide ndị agha gbara ọchịchịrị. Akwụkwọ mpịakọta ahụ kọwara afọ Jubili nke Levitikọs 25 nke apocalyptic ma tinyekwa ihe e hotara n’Aịsaịa 52:7 bụ́ ndị nwere nkọwa Mesaịa ahụ e jikọtara ya na Daniel 9:25.   Nsụgharị Septuagint (LXX) nke Aịsaịa 53, nke e dere n'ihe dị ka 140 BCE, bụ nsụgharị n'efu nke nwere mmekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya na MT. Emanuel Tov enyewo okwu LXX / MT maka akụkụ ahụ, na nkọwa amaokwu site na amaokwu na LXX nke Aịsaịa 53 sitere na Jobes na Silva, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Tov|first=Emanuel|title=The Parallel Aligned Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek Texts of Jewish Scripture|date=2003|publisher=Lexham Press|location=Bellingham, WA}}</ref> na Hengel na Bailey.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Jobes|first=Karen H.|title=Invitation to the Septuagint|date=2015|publisher=Baker Academic|location=Grand Rapids, MI|pages=239–52|edition=Second}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Hengel|first=Martin|editor=Janowski|title=The Suffering Servant|date=2004|publisher=Eerdmans|location=Grand Rapids, MI|pages=119–37|chapter=The Effective History of Isaiah 53 in the Pre-Christian Period}}</ref> Na LXX akụkụ okwu na isiokwu nke ọtụtụ ngwaa dị iche na MT. Na 53:8, a "duga nwatakịrị / ohu ọnwụ," na onye ntụgharị na-ahụ ''lamavet'' (לַמָּוֶת) ''Ramu'' lamo (לָֽמֹו). Amaokwu 10-12 na-agbanwe akụkọ ahụ gaa na "anyị" nọ n'etiti ndị na-ege ntị, na-arịọ onye na-agụ ya ka ọ chụọ àjà mmehie iji "sachaa" ma "kwado" ohu / nwa ezi omume bụ onye aka ya dị ọcha. Hengel na Bailey na-ekwu, "N'ihi ya na MT nke amaokwu 10, Ohu ahụ n'onwe ya na-enye ndụ ya dị ka אָשָׁם ma ọ bụ "àjà ikpe mara" (NASB; NIV; cf. NJPS), ya bụ, àjà mgbaghara. N'ụzọ dị iche, ahịrịokwu Grik ἐὰν δῶτε περὶ 化μαρτίας na amaokwu 10b chọrọ "àjà mmehie" site n'aka ndị otu ọgbakọ ahụ furu efu na ndị ikpe mara na mmekọrịta ha na Ohu ahụ, n'usoro ahụ nwere ike ịnata òkè ha kwere nkwa, n'agbanyeghị ọdịiche dị iche iche nke MT {{Reflist|2}} Ntụgharị asụsụ LXX: Ụda na-agbada nhụjuanya Na-ezere ikwu okwu nke ọma banyere ọnwụ ohu ahụ, na-eme ka asụsụ dị nro: 1. *Amaokwu nke 4*: "Struck down" (מֻכֵּה) na-aghọ "ọnyá" ma ọ bụ "ịfụ" (πληγń). Nkọwa Onye ntụgharị asụsụ: 1. *Na-ebelata ọrụ Chineke*: na ahụhụ ohu. 2. * Na-agbanwe akụkọ *: Chineke na-azọpụta ohu site n'igbu ndị ajọ omume kama. Nkwenye Ụzọ a kwekọrọ na nsụgharị Grik Theodotion, na-egosi ọchịchọ ileda nhụjuanya anya. {{Reflist|2}} N'adịghị ka 1Isaa<nowiki><sup id="mwAYI">a</sup></nowiki>, njirimara nke Ohu na Aịsaịa 53 LXX edoghị anya. F. Hahn kwubiri n'enweghị nkọwa zuru ezu, "A pụghị ịmata nkọwa nke Mesaịa ọbụna na nsụgharị Septuagint nke Aịsaịa 53." Hengel ekwenyeghị: {{Reflist|2}} === Agba Ọhụrụ (narị afọ nke mbụ OA) === {{Reflist|2}} Agba Ọhụrụ na-egosipụta nkọwa pụrụ iche nke Aịsaịa 53 site n'ịkọwa onye na-ata ahụhụ dị ka [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs onye Nazaret]]. A na-egosipụta ahụmịhe ya nke Obe na mbilite n'ọnwụ dị ka mmezu nke ederede ahụ. {| class="wikitable" |+Nkọwa nke Agba Ọhụrụ nke Aịsaịa 53 !Ịsaịa gafere !Nkwupụta Agba Ọhụrụ !Onye na-ezo aka |- |Isaiah 52:13 |Jọn 3:1 - Jọn 8:28John 8:28 |Jizọs ka nwoke ahụ "ebuliri elu" |- |Isaiah 52:15 |Romans 15:21 |Ndị na-ezisa ozi ọma, dị ka Pọl, bụ ndị gbasaa ozi ohu ahụ nye ndị Jentaịl |- |Isaiah 53:1 |Ndị Rom 10:16, Jọn 12:38John 12:38 |Enweghị okwukwe nke Izrel banyere ohu ahụ |- |Isaiah 53:4 |Matthew 8:17 |Jizọs, onye na-agwọ ọrịa n'ụzọ ọrụ ebube, na-ebu ọrịa Izrel |- |Isaiah 53:5 |1 Peter 2:24 |Jizọs dị ka onye merụrụ ahụ nke na-agwọ ndị ọzọ |- |Isaiah 53:6 |1 Peter 2:25 |Ụmụ mmadụ na-agbagharị dị ka atụrụ ma kpọghachi ha site na Jizọs |- |Isaiah 53:7–8 |Acts 8:32–33 |Jizọs |- |Isaiah 53:9 |1 Peter 2:22 |Jizọs, onye na-emeghị mmehie |- |Isaiah 53:12 |Luke 22:37 |Jizọs, nke ya na ndị mebiri iwu |} E wezụga ihe ndị a e kwuru kpọmkwem, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-ezo aka na Aịsaịa 53 n'ime Agba Ọhụrụ. ==== Oziọma na Ọrụ Ndịozi ==== Okwu mbụ e dere banyere Jizọs n'Oziọma Mak, nke ọtụtụ ndị kwenyere na ọ bụ Oziọma mbụ, bụ ndị a: "Oge emezuru, alaeze Chineke dịkwa nso; chegharịa ma kwere n'oziọma (''euangelion'', εὐαγγέλιον) " (Mak 1:15). Ndị ọkà mmụta Bible na-ekwukarị na Aịsaịa 52:7 bụ ihe ndabere maka nkwupụta Jizọs. Akụkụ Aịsaịa na-ekwu maka onye ozi ga-eweta "ezi akụkọ" (LXX: ''euangelion'') nke alaeze Chineke na ọkwa nzọpụta (Hibru: ''yeshuah''). Jizọs (Hibru: ''Yeshua'') na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka onye ozi nke Aịsaịa 52:7 na onye na-ata ahụhụ nke Aịsaị 53 (ref?), njikọ nke na-abụghị naanị na okpukpe ndị Juu. Craig Evans kwuru ọtụtụ isi mmalite na-ejikọta "ezi akụkọ" nke Aịsaịa 52:7 na "akụkọ" nke Aịstaịa 53:1 (DSS, Targum, Pọl, Pita). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Evans|first=Craig A.|editor=Boda|title=Dictionary of the Old Testament: Prophets|date=2012|publisher=IVP Academic|location=Downers Grove, IL|chapter=Dead Sea Scrolls}}</ref> Ya mere, enwere ezi ihe mere ị ga-eji chepụta na mgbe ọ bụla ndị dere Agba Ọhụrụ na-ekwu maka "oziọma" ma ọ bụ "ezi akụkọ" ọ bụ na-ezo aka n'Izaya 53 ka ha hụrụ na ọ mezuru na ndụ, ọnwụ, na mbilite n'ọnwụ Jizọs (ya bụ Ọrụ 8:35). Ndị dere Agba Ọhụrụ na-ezo aka na "ezi akụkọ" (''euangelion'') ugboro 76. Ọtụtụ akụkụ ndị ọzọ dị n'Oziọma na Ọrụ Ndịozi na-etinye isi ahụ na Jizọs, mana ọ bụghị site na egbugbere ọnụ ya. Matiu kwuru banyere ọrụ ebube Jizọs mere mgbe ọ gwọrọ ndị Izrel ibe ya, na-ekwu na ọrụ ebube ndị dị otú ahụ bụ mmezu nke Aịsaịa 53:4 (Mateọs 8:17). A na-enye isiakwụkwọ ahụ dị n'Ọrụ 8:26-40, ebe onye ọnaozi Etiopia gụrụ isiakwụkwọ ahụ na Septuagint ma jụọ Filip, "N'ihe gbasara onye, ana m ajụ gị, onye amụma kwuru nke a, banyere onwe ya ma ọ bụ banyere onye ọzọ?" (Ọrụ 8:34, ESV). N'enweghị nkọwa zuru ezu, Ọrụ Ndịozi gara n'ihu, "Mgbe ahụ Filip meghere ọnụ ya, ma malite n'Akwụkwọ Nsọ a ọ gwara ya ozi ọma banyere Jizọs" (Ọrụ 8:35, ESV). I. Howard Marshall kwuru dị ka ndị a na nzaghachi Philip: Ọ "na-egosi na ọbụna site na ụbọchị mbụ a [30s CE] nkwenye na nkọwa ọrụ ahụ dị na Isa. 53 dabara na Jizọs, na naanị Jizọs, dị ugbu a n'etiti Ndị Kraịst. "<ref>{{Cite book|author=Marshall|first=I. Howard|editor=Beale|title=Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament|date=2007|publisher=Baker Academic|location=Grand Rapids, MI|chapter=Acts}}</ref> It; Oziọma Synoptic atọ ahụ dekọrọ na Jizọs kụziiri ndị na-eso ụzọ ya na Nwa Mmadụ ga-ata ahụhụ, jụ ya, gbuo ya, ma bilie ọzọ (Mak 8:31; Matiu 16:21; Luk 9:22). Amụma Passion ndị a na-egosi oge mgbanwe na Oziọma ọ bụla ma na-ekwughachi ọtụtụ ugboro n'oge njem Jizọs gara Jeruselem. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ekwu na nkwupụta ndị a na-egosipụta ihe na-ezo aka na Aịsaịa 53, ebe a kọwara "Ohu Ahụhụ" dị ka "onye e mebiri ma jụ ya," "onye e mere maka mmebi iwu anyị," ma mesịa bụrụ onye a kwadoro (Ashaịa 53:3-12). R.T. France na-ekwu na ihe Jizọs na-ezo aka na ịjụ na nhụjuanya bụ "nke a na-aghọta nke ọma dị ka ihe na-ezo aha Ohu Ahụhụ nke Aịsaịa 53." N.T. Wright na-ekwukwa na Jizọs hụrụ ọkpụkpọ ya na-aga n'ihu na onye Ohu Aịsaịa, na-emezu alaeze ahụ site na nhụsi obi mgbapụta. Richard Bauckham na-akọwakwa njikọ dị n'etiti okwu Son of Man na Aịsaịa 53, n'akụkụ ihe oyiyi sitere na Daniel 7. Ihe ndị a na-egosi na Jizọs kọwara ọnwụ ya na-abịanụ ọ bụghị dị ka ihe mberede dị egwu kama dị ka omume dị mkpa na mgbapụta iji mezuo Akwụkwọ Nsọ. * Aịsaịa 52:7 - "Lee ka ụkwụ ya mara mma n'elu ugwu nke na-eweta ozi ọma..." E hotara ya na Rom 10:15, na-ekwusi ike na ikwusa ozi ọma. {{Reflist|2}} Ahịrị nke mbụ kwenyere na MT (site na mT nọ ebe a na-asụ finwl Okwu na enwere ike ịtụgharị ya, dịka ọtụtụ ndị tụrụ gị n'anya Ma n'ahịrị nke abụọ, kama nke Mt edoghị anya hapax.   2. Ọ gēkpuchi-kwa-ra umu-ndikom nile nke ọb͕ọ-ya, agēziga kwa ya nye umu-ndikom nile 3.Ndị Ya Okwu ya dị ka okwu nke eluigwe na ozizi ya, dị ka uche Chineke si dị, anwụ ebighị ebi ya ga-enwu. 4.Ọkụ ahụ ga-erekwa na nsọtụ ụwa niile, n'elu ọchịchịrị ka ọ ga-enwu, mgbe ahụ ọchịchịrị ga-apụ n'anya. 5. Site n'ala, si kwa n'ọchichiri si n'ala-akọrọ. Ha gēkwu kwa ọtutu okwu megide Ya, na iba-uba 6.Okwu-ugha ka ha gāb͕aputa megide ya, nēkwusa kwa ya ihe-ita-uta nile: Ọb͕ọ-ya gādi ajọ omume, b͕anwe kwa. 7.Ọ ga-abụ na ọ bụ ọnọdụ aghụghọ na nke ime ihe ike, ndị mmadụ ga-akpafukwa n'ụbọchị ya, ha ga-enwekwa mgbagwoju anya. Midrash Rabbah - Ruth V:6 6. Boaz wee sị ya n'oge nri: "Baa ebe a, rie achịcha, tinye ya n'ime mmanya ọkụ". O wee nọdụ n'akụkụ ndị na-ewe ihe ubi, ha wee ruo ọka ya e gwakọtara agwakọta, o wee rie nri, afọ juru ya anya wee hapụ ya (II, 14). R. Jonathan kọwara amaokwu a n'ụzọ isii. Nke mbụ na-ezo aka na David.... Nkọwa nke ise na-eme ka ọ na-ezo aka na Mezaịa. ''Bịa ebe a'': ịbịaru alaeze. Iri achịcha na-ezo aka n'achịcha nke ndị eze; ma tinye ụgbala gị n'ime mmanya na-aba n'anya na-ezo ka ahụhụ ya, dị ka a na-ekwu, Mana o merụrụ ahụ n'ihi mmejọ anyị (Isa. LIII, 5).   13.Ma, Melkizedek ga-emezu ịbọ ọbọ nke ikpe Chineke ma n’ụbọchị ahụ ọ ga-esi n’aka mmụọ nke ife ya kwụọ ha ụgwọ. 14.Enyemaka ya ka chi nile nke ikpe ziri ezi ga-abịa ma ọ bụ ya bụ ụmụ Chineke niile na 15.Nka bu ubọchi udo nke o kwuru site n'ọnu isijia onye-amuma, bú onye kwuru, bú Aisaia 52:2:7 ka o si ma nma nke-uku. 16.N'elu ugwu ka ukwu onye-ozi nākpọsa udo diri onye-ozi ọma Onye nēzisa ozi ọma nāsi Zaion, bú Chineke-gi, bu eze 17.Ọ bụ nkọwa: Ugwu ahụ bụ nke onye amụma maka mmadụ niile 18.Dan 9:25 Ma onye-ozi ahu bu onye e tere mmanụ nye Mọ Nsọ, dika Daniel kwuru bayere ya, rue mb͕e e tere mmanụ, bú onye-isi, ọ bu izu asa. 19.Ezi onye na-ekwupụta nzọpụta bụ onye e dere banyere ya === Ndị Juu === {{Reflist|2}} N’ihi na ọbụna nwa nke mmadụ abịaghị ka e jeere ya ozi kama ka o jee ozi na inye ndụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbapụta maka ọtụtụ mmadụ—Jizọs nke Nazaret, Mak 10:45. * Akwụkwọ mbụ nke Talmud - Berachot 5a na-etinye Aịsaịa 53 n'aka ndị Izrel na ndị na-amụ Torah - "Ọ bụrụ na Onye Nsọ, gọziri agọzi dịrị ya, obi dị ya ụtọ na Izrel ma ọ bụ mmadụ, Ọ na-emeri ya na nhụjuanya na-egbu mgbu. N'ihi na a na-ekwu: Ma Onyenwe anyị nwere obi ụtọ na [ya, ya, ya mere] O meriri ya site na ọrịa (Isa. 53:10). Ugbu a, ị nwere ike iche na nke a ọ bụ ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nabataghị ha site n'ị ịhụnanya. Ọ ga-eme ka mkpụrụ obi ya, Chineke ga-ata ya, O ji ya. Ya mere, ọ ga-emebi. Ya mere: "Inu. Ya mere; Chineke ga-eme ya, Chineke nyere ya, ga-emezu! * Sotah 14a na Talmud Babilọn jikọtara Aịsaịa 53:12 na Moses na Jerusalem Talmud Shekalim 5:1 na-etinye amaokwu a na Rabbi Akiva, n'ihi na ha so na ndị mebiri iwu ma ha abụọ guzoro maka mba Israel.<ref name="goldschmidt">{{Cite book|author=Goldschmidt|first=nach der ersten zensurfreien Ausg. unter Berücksichtigung der neueren Ausg. und handschriftlichen Materials ins Dt. übers. von Lazarus|title=Der babylonische Talmud Bd. VI|year=2007|publisher=Jüdischer Verl. im Suhrkamp-Verl.|location=Frankfurt, M.|isbn=978-3633542000|pages=56|edition=Limitierte Sonderausg. nach dem Nachdr. 1996}}</ref> * Sanhedrin 98b na Talmud Babilọn na-akọwa n'ụzọ na-emegide onwe ya banyere ''aha'' a na-akọghị nke Mezaịa ndị Juu a na-ekpugheghị ekpughe ga-abịa, ka o wee kwuo na ọ nwere ike ịbụ onye ọ bụla: ekpenta nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ (ihe na-egosi ndị na-eso ụzọ ndị rabaị a chụpụrụ na seminarị / ụlọ akwụkwọ ha) dabere na Aịsaịa 53:4, ''Rabbi Nachman'' dabere na Jeremaịa 30:21, ''Shilo'' dabere na Jenesis 49:10, ''Rabbi Hanina'' dabere na Abụ Ọma 727, Rabbi Hanina na ya na ya na-eche na ya na ọ bụ ya, dabere na Abụ Nsọ 16:13, ben Hizkija dabere na Abụ Obibi 1:16 .<ref name="goldschmidt" /> * Ma Talmud ma Midrash na-etinye Aịsaịa 53 na ndị ọrịa: ;: Talmud - Berachoth 57b Ihe ise bụ ihe na-egosi onye nwere nkwarụ, ya bụ: ịsụ ude, ọsụsọ, ụra, nrọ, na ọbara ọcha. Ịnọrọ, dị ka e dere ya, Ịnọrọ ya na-enwu gbaa (Job XLI, 10); ọsụsọ: N'ọsụsọ nke Ihu Gị Ka Ị rie achịcha<sup id="mwA<sup id=" mwa4g="">4</sup>">3; ụra: E dina m: mgbe ahụ ọ dị mma na m (Job III, 13) 4; nrọ: Ya mere mee ka m rọ nrọ [E.V. 'nweghachi m'] ma mee ka m dịrị ndụ (Isa. XXXVIII, 16); ọbara ọcha: Ọ ga-ahụ mkpụrụ [ya bụ ọbara ọcha], ma gbatịkwuo ụbọchị ya (Isa. LIII,10)   * Midrash [[Ruth (biblical figure)|Rut]]_Rabbah" id="mwA5M" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ruth Rabbah">Ruth Rabbah, nke na-akọwa Akwụkwọ Ruth isi site n'isi, amaokwu site n'amaokwu, na, mgbe ụfọdụ, okwu site n'okwu, na-ekwu na Mezaịa na-abịa site na Ruth site na Eze Devid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ruth Rabbah|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0017_0_17193.html|work=Jewish Virtual Library|accessdate=3 July 2012|archivedate=30 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630095920/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0017_0_17193.html}}</ref> Ruth Rabbah na-ekwu maka ihe ndị mere n'ime akụkọ nke Book of Ruth (Ruth 1) dị ka ihe atụ na-ezo aka n'ọdịnihu nke ụmụ ya. Ịdị umeala n'obi Ruth, ịma mma ya dị ukwuu, ezi omume ya na-akọwa echiche dị mma nke ya dị ka nwanyị ezi omume na Bible. Omume obiọma ya n'ebe Naomi nọ (Ruth Rabbah Allison jikọtara ya na Aịsaịa 53:5. Na Ruth Rabbah 2:14, Rabbi Ze'ira's classic midrashic statement: "R. Zei'ra kwuru: Akwụkwọ mpịakọta a [nke Ruth] na-agwa anyị ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nke ịdị ọcha ma ọ bụ adịghị ọcha, ma ọ bụ mmachibido iwu ma ọ bụ ikike. Maka ebumnuche e dere ya mgbe ahụ? Ịkụzi otú ụgwọ ọrụ nke ndị na-eme omume obiọma si dị ukwuu...."''"R. Zei'ra kwuru, sị: Akwụkwọ mpịakọta a [nke Ruth] na-agwa anyị ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nke ịdị ọcha ma ọ bụ adịghị ọcha, ma ọ bụ mmachibido iwu ma ọ bụ ikike. Maka ebumnuche e dere ya mgbe ahụ? Ịkụzi otú nnukwu ụgwọ ọrụ nke ndị na-eme omume obiọma si dị...."'' * Ọnụ ọgụgụ Rabbah 13:2 na-emetụta Is 53:12 na Israel na-agba ọsọ - "Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na enweghị obi abụọ ọ bụla na onye na-ede ọnụ ọgụgụ Rabbah nwere Midrash oge ochie na Ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ihu ya, na ikekwe n'akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, nke na-abịaghị anyị na nke anyị na-amaghị taa. Site na ọdịdị nke akụkụ ndị e tinyere na ọrụ a na nke dị na Ọnụ ọgụgụ Rabba nke anyị nwere taa, mmadụ nwere ike ikwubi na Midrash a bụ nke otu Tanhuma-style Midrashim.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mack|first=Dr. Hananel|title=Parashat Bamidbar 5760/2000|url=https://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/eng/bamidbar/mac.html|work=Bar-Ilan University's Parashat Hashavua Study Center|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807045339/https://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/eng/bamidbar/mac.html|accessdate=13 December 2012|archivedate=7 August 2011}}</ref> * Eliyahu Rabbah, nke ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na e dere ya na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri, nwere ihe atọ e depụtara na Aịsaịa 53 na Midrash a maara dị ka Tana Devei Eliyahu, na-etinye ha na ndị ezi omume nke Israel (isi 6, 13, 27). * Midrash Abụ Ọma 94:2 na-emetụta Aịsaịa 53:10 nye ndị ezi omume n'ozuzu ha (nakwa n'ihe odide ndị ọzọ gara aga - Mechilta De Rabbi Ishmael) Midrash Rabbah - Ruth V:6 6. Boaz wee sị ya n'oge nri: "Baa ebe a, rie achịcha, tinye ya n'ime mmanya ọkụ". O wee nọdụ n'akụkụ ndị na-ewe ihe ubi, ha wee ruo ọka ya e gwakọtara agwakọta, o wee rie nri, afọ juru ya anya wee hapụ ya (II, 14). R. Jonathan kọwara amaokwu a n'ụzọ isii. Nke mbụ na-ezo aka na David.... Nkọwa nke ise na-eme ka ọ na-ezo aka na Mezaịa. ''Bịa ebe a'': ịbịaru alaeze. Iri achịcha na-ezo aka n'achịcha nke ndị eze; ma tinye ụgbala gị n'ime mmanya na-aba n'anya na-ezo ka ahụhụ ya, dị ka a na-ekwu, Mana o merụrụ ahụ n'ihi mmejọ anyị (Isa. LIII, 5). ; Soncino Zohar, Jenesis/Bereshit, Nkebi nke 1, peeji nke 140b "Onyenwe anyị na-anwa ndị ezi omume" (Abụ Ọma nke iri na otu, 5). Gịnị mere? R. Simeon kwuru, sị: "N'ihi na mgbe Chineke chọtara obi ụtọ n'ime ndị ezi omume, Ọ na-ewetara ha ahụhụ, dị ka e dere ya: 'Ma ọ masịrị Onyenwe anyị ka ọ gbutuo ya n'ọrịa'" (Is. LIII, 10), dị ka akọwapụtara n'ebe ọzọ. Chineke na-ahụ obi ụtọ na mkpụrụ obi mana ọ bụghị n'ahụ, ebe mkpụrụ obi yiri mkpụrụ obi dị elu, ebe ahụ erughị eru ka ejikọta ya na ihe ndị dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na onyinyo ahụ bụ akụkụ nke ihe nnọchianya dị elu. ; Soncino Zohar, Ọpụpụ/Shemot, Nkebi nke 2, peeji nke 212a ; Soncino Zohar, Levitikọs/Vayikra, Nkebi nke 3, peeji nke 57b ; Soncino Zohar, Jenesis/Bereshit, Nkebi nke 1, peeji nke 187a ; Soncino Zohar, Ọpụpụ/Shemot, Nkebi nke 2, peeji nke 212a R. Simeon hotara amaokwu a ebe a: "A nụrụ olu na Rama, ịkwa ákwá na ịkwa ákwà ilu, Rechel na-ebe ákwá maka ụmụ ya, n'ihi na ha abụghị" (Jer. XXXI, I5). 'A na-akpọ Obodo Israel "Rachel", dịka ọ na-ekwu, "Dị ka atụrụ (rahel) n'ihu ndị na-akpụ akpụ ya bụ ndị nzuzu" (Isa. LIII, 7). Gịnị mere ọ bụ nzuzu? N'ihi na mgbe mba ndị ọzọ na-achị ya, olu na-apụ n'ebe ọ nọ ma ọ na-aghọ onye isi nkịtị. "Ramah" ; Soncino Zohar, Levitikọs/Vayikra, Nkebi nke 3, peeji nke 57b Mgbe Mezaịa nụrụ banyere nnukwu ahụhụ Izrel na mgbasa ha, na ndị ajọ omume n'etiti ha na-achọghị ịmara Nna ha ukwu, ọ na-ebe ákwá n'olu dara ụda n'ihi ndị ajọ omume ahụ n'etiti onwe ha, dị ka e dere: "Ma e merụrụ ya ahụ n'ihi mmebi iwu anyị, e merụrụ ọ n'ihi ajọ omume anyị" (Isa. LIII, 5). Mkpụrụ obi ahụ laghachiri n'ebe ha nọ. Mezaịa, n'akụkụ ya, na-abanye n'otu Ụlọ Nzukọ dị n'ogige Iden, nke a na-akpọ Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Ndị Na-ata Ahụhụ. N'ebe ahụ, ọ na-akpọ maka ọrịa na ihe mgbu na nhụjuanya niile nke Israel, na-agwa ha ka ha nọrọ n'onwe ya, nke ha na-eme. Ọ bụrụkwa na ọ bụghị na ọ na-eme ka ibu arọ ahụ si n'Izrel dị mfe, na-eburu ya n'onwe ya, ọ dịghị onye nwere ike ịnagide nhụjuanya ndị e nyere Izrel n'ihi na ha leghaara Torah anya. Ya mere Akwụkwọ Nsọ na-ekwu; "N'ezie ọrịa anyị ọ buuru," wdg. (Isa. LIII, 4). R. Eleazar rụrụ ọrụ yiri nke ahụ ebe a n'ụwa. N'ihi na, n'ezie, ihe karịrị ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ ntaramahụhụ na-echere nwoke ọ bụla kwa ụbọchị maka ileghara Torah anya, nke niile gbadatara n'ụwa n'oge e nyere Torah. Ọ bụrụhaala na Izrel nọ n'Ala Nsọ, site n'ozi ụlọ nsọ na àjà ha gbochiri ajọ ọrịa na nhụjuanya niile sitere n'ụwa. Ugbu a ọ bụ Mezaịa bụ ụzọ isi gbochie ha pụọ n'aka ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ ruo mgbe mmadụ hapụrụ ụwa a ma nata ntaramahụhụ ya, dịka ekwuru. Mgbe mmehie mmadụ dị ọtụtụ nke na ọ ga-agafe n'ime oghere ndị dị n'okpuru Gehinnom iji nweta ntaramahụhụ siri ike kwekọrọ na mmetọ nke mkpụrụ obi ya, a na-amụnye ọkụ siri ike iji kpochapụ mmetọ ahụ. Ndị mmụọ ozi na-ebibi ihe na-eji mkpara ọkụ eme ihe maka ebumnuche a, iji chụpụ mmetọ ahụ. Obi dị m ụtọ nye mkpụrụ obi a na-enye ntaramahụhụ dị otú ahụ! Obi ụtọ bụ ndị na-echebe ụkpụrụ nke Torah! ; Soncino Zohar, Ọpụpụ/Shemot, Nkebi nke 2, peeji nke 212a "A kụziiri ya n'aha R. Jose na n'ụbọchị mgbaghara a, e guzobere na a ga-agụ akụkụ a iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka Izrel n'agbụ. Ya mere, anyị na-amụta na ọ bụrụ na ntaramahụhụ nke Onyenwe anyị abịakwute mmadụ, ha bụ mgbaghara maka mmehie ya, onye ọ bụla nwere ike iru uju maka ahụhụ nke ndị ezi omume nwetara mgbaghara maka masumu ya. Ya mere n'ụbọchị a anyị ka anyị gụọ akụkụ ahụ na-amalite 'mgbe ọnwụ nke ụmụ abụọ nke Erọn, ọ ga-anwụ, mgbe ọ ga-egbu ya dị ọcha, ọ ga, ọ ga - ọ ga-eme ka mmadụ gbasaa gị, ka ọ dị ogologo oge niile. ; Soncino Zohar, Ọpụpụ/Shemot, Nkebi nke 2, peeji nke 212a  Ma, ọ bụ ọrịa anyị ka ọ na-ebu, ahụhụ anyị na-ata ka o mere anyị, Ayi we gua ya dika onye ihe otiti, tib͕ue na onye riri nne, ma e merụrụ ya ahụ n'ihi mmehie anyị, egwepịara ya n'ihi ajọ omume anyị. O bu ntaramahụhụ ahụ nke mere ka anyị dị mma, Ọ bụkwa site n'ọchihịa ya ka anyị na-enyere aka.Ehie ụzọ dị ka atụrụ .Onye ọ bụla na-aga n'ụzọ nke ya ';Jehova letakwara ya ajọ omume nke anyị niile. O Aisaia 53-4-6 onye Juu Ọhụrụ ndị Juu mbipụta. * Kuzari kwukwara na Aịsaịa 53 bụ mba Izrel. * Chovot ha-Levavot kọwakwara Aịsaịa 53 dị ka mba Izrel.<ref name="contra"> * Mahari Kara (R' Yosef Kara, onye ya na Rashi dịkọrọ ndụ na narị afọ nke iri na otu) na Aịsaịa Ishaya 52:13: Quote: "Lee, ohu m ga-enwe ọganihu: Israel, a ga-ebuli ohu m elu ma bulie ya elu, ọ ga-adịkwa elu. Na [dị ka] ozizi nke ndị rabaị anyị si dị elu karịa Abraham, dịka edere ya: "Ewelitere m aka m n'ihu Onyenwe anyị....[Jenụ 14:22]. A ga-ebuli ya elu karịa Mozis, dị ka e dere ya: "... ka onye nọọsụ na-ebuli nwa ara...."Ọ ga-adịkwa elu karịa ndị mmụọ ozi na-eje ozi, dị ka e dere: "Ha nwekwara azụ, ha dịkwa elu...." [Ezek 1:18]. * Njide nke Jizọs * E liri Jizọs * Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na Okpukpe Ndị Juu * Ịkpọgide Jizọs n'obe * Izu Nsọ * Mezaịa n'Okpukpe Ndị Juu * Ọgbụgba ndụ Ọhụrụ, Ịbụ Onye NnukwuOkpukpe na-enweghị atụ * Amụma Mesaịa nke Agba Ochie e hotara n'Agba Ọhụrụ * Mbilite n'ọnwụ Jizọs * [[Jisọs Kraịst|Ule nke Jizọs]] * Akụkụ [[Akwụkwọ Nsọ|Bible]] ndị metụtara ya: Abụ Ọma 22, Aịsaịa 42, Aịsaịa 49, Aịsaịa 50, Aịsaịa 52, Matiu 8, Matiu 27, Mak 14, Luk 23, Luk 24, Ọrụ 8, Rom 5, 1 Pita 2 == Ihe ndetu n——Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} O siri ike ọ bụla akụkụ nke ya Akwụkwọ Nsọ Hibru bụ ma bụrụ nke dị oke mkpa na. Akụkọ banyere arụmụka ndị Juu na Ndị Kraịst ma ọ bụ keere òkè dị mkpa otú ahụ na ya, dị ka abụ ohu nke anọ nke Aịzaya.Akụkụ akụkụ ọ bụla ọzọ nwere nkọwa dị iche na mgbe ụfọdụ na-ekewapụ onwe ya dịka nke a.STEFAN SchREINER ONYE NA-AHỤ AHỤ. * {{Cite book|author=Würthwein|first=Ernst|authorlink=Ernst Würthwein|title=The Text of the Old Testament|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|location=Grand Rapids, MI|year=1995|isbn=0-8028-0788-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC|accessdate=26 January 2019}} === Ndị Juu === * [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1053.htm Aịsaịa 53: Asụsụ Hibru mbụ na Asụsụ Bekee] * Aịsaịa 53: The Jewish Perspective E debere Wayback Machine * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250503100651/https://mordochai.tripod.com/yshayahu53.html "Onye na-ata ahụhụ" nke Y'shayahu (Y'shayaho, ch. 53 site na Prọfesọ Mordochai ben Tziyyon, Mahadum Hibru, Jerusalem, Israel (ala ezumike nká)] * [http://judaismsanswer.com/IS53PART1.pdf Nnyocha zuru ezu nke Aịsaịa 53 site n'aka Rabbi Moshe Shulman] * [http://www.judaismsanswer.com/targum.htm Targum na Aịsaịa 53 nke Rabbi Moshe Shulman] * [http://www.judaismsanswer.com/zohar.htm Zohar na Aịsaịa 53 nke Rabbi Moshe Shulman] * [http://www.judaismsanswer.com/haftorah.htm Haftorah na Aịsaịa 53 nke Rabbi Moshe Shulman] * [http://www.judaismsanswer.com/nistoros.htm Ihe omimi nke Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai na Isaiah 53 site na Rabbi Moshe Shulman] * [http://www.judaismsanswer.com/crispin.htm Moshe Ibn Crispin na Isaiah 53 nke Rabbi Moshe Shulman] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120310214723/http://www.jews4judaism.org/jewsforjudaism/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=48:suffering-servant&layout=blog&Itemid=500&layout=default Ahụhụ Ohu (24 Isiokwu) site n'aka ndị Juu maka okpukpe ndị Juu] * [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=495&letter=S&search=Suffering%20Servant Jewish Encyclopedia: Ohu Chineke] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060108184309/http://www.uhcg.org/suffering-servant/The-Servant-vs-jc.html "Onye Ohu megide 'Jizọs'" nke Mọdekaị Alfandari dere] * [https://jewsforjudaism.org/knowledge/articles/debunking-the-forbidden-chapter-conspiracy "Ịkwụsị 'Isi nke A machibidoro Iwu' Conspiracy" nke Rabbi Bentzion Kravitz] === Ndị Kraịst === * Aịsaịa 53 Nsụgharị Bekee na Parallel Latin Vulgate E debere ya na Wayback Machine * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10212c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Mesaịa] * [http://www.bible.org/page.asp?page_id=2553 Nnyocha Ndị Kraịst nke Aịsaịa 53] * Israel, the Suffering Servant E debere ya na Wayback Machine * [https://www.oneforisrael.org/bible-based-teaching-from-israel/isaiah-53-about-the-people-of-israel-or-messiah-of-israel/ "ISAIAH 53: Banyere Ndị Izrel ma ọ bụ Mezaịa nke Izrel?" nke Eitan Bar dere] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250503100651/https://www.oneforisrael.org/bible-based-teaching-from-israel/inescapable-truth-isaiah-53/ "ISAIAH 53 - The Forbidden Chapter" nke Eitan Bar dere] {{Reflist|2}} Onye a bụ onye Carrie bụ mmehie anyị, na-ata ahụhụ n'ihi anyị, anyị weere ya dị ka onye nọ n'ihe isi ike, na ihe ọjọọ na mkpagbu. ajọ omume-ayi .N'ihi na n'ọchichọ udo-ayi di n'aru ya site n'ob͕aji-ya ka emeworo ka aru di ayi ike; Jehova we rara ya nye n'ihi nmehie-ayi Aisaia 53:4-6 lexham English Septuagint. [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jmeduxpx5gfj5q5pb5uzznhhj6ngrae 0 60881 692389 210229 2026-07-29T22:38:38Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added databox 692389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Abdullahi Umar Faruk bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria nke si Kebbi State, amụrụ na March 1963. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye otu National Assembly, na-anọchite anya Birnin Kebbi/Kalgo/Bunza Federal Constituency site na 2003 ruo 2007 na ọzọ na 2007 ruo 2011, dị ka onye òtù All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP). Ọ nọchitere anya Toungo na State House of Assembly na 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-12-21|title=The House of Representatives, Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=http://www.nassnig.org/House/RepMembers2.htm|accessdate=2025-01-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221092347/http://www.nassnig.org/House/RepMembers2.htm|archivedate=21 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/abdullahi-faruk-umar|accessdate=2025-01-08|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-20|title=House of Representatives Member {{!}} Honourable Abdullahi Faruk|url=http://nassnig.org/House/Personaldata/Kebbi/umar.htm|accessdate=2025-01-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020133849/http://nassnig.org/House/Personaldata/Kebbi/umar.htm|archivedate=20 October 2007}}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Faruk, Abdullahi Umar}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mapanph844at5y585dx7nbblpqphr59 0 65312 692575 643760 2026-07-30T10:35:09Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692575 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emmanuel Arnold''' Okwi (amuru 25 Disemba 1992) bu onye okacha amara ndi Uganda nke na-egwu egwu dika onye nku aka ekpe maka klọb Premier League Rwanda Kiyovu na otu mba Uganda. == Ọrụ klọb == Okwi gbara bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu Super League nke Uganda SC Villa tupu ọ banye n'òtù Tanzanian Simba S.C. maka US $ 40,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/football/1492-emma-okwi-to-tranfer-to-south-africa.html|title=Emma Okwi set to join Orlando Pirates in a record transfer|work=Kawoko Sports|date=22 June 2012|accessdate=22 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623091057/http://kawowo.com/index.php/football/1492-emma-okwi-to-tranfer-to-south-africa.html|archivedate=23 June 2012}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2013, otu egwuregwu Tunisian bụ Étoile Sportive du Sahel bịanyere aka na Okwi maka ego mbufe nke Tanzania nke US $ 300,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/tanzania/news/130116/Okwi_Joins_Etoile_Du_Sahel|title=Okwi joins Etoile du Sahel|publisher=Super Sport|date=16 January 2013|accessdate=15 June 2013|archivedate=11 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711062652/http://www.supersport.com/football/tanzania/news/130116/Okwi_Joins_Etoile_Du_Sahel}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ndị otu ahụ akwụghị ụgwọ ahụ na Simba S.C. Kọmitii Ọnọdụ Ọkpụkpọ FIFA wepụrụ ya na Disemba 2013 iji laghachi na SC Villa ọ bụ ezie na a gbanwere ikike ahụ ọnwa abụọ ka o wee nwee ike igwu egwu maka Young Africans S.C., n'agbanyeghị mkpesa Simba S. C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.redpepper.co.ug/okwi-delighted-after-fifa-clearance|title="Okwi Delighted After Fifa Clearance", ''RedPepper'', 14 February 2014, accessed 11 July 2015|accessdate=11 July 2015|archivedate=12 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212175858/https://redpepper.co.ug/okwi-delighted-after-fifa-clearance/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.redpepper.co.ug/kiiza-fifa-cleared-okwi-move-to-tanzanian-club|title="Kiiza – FIFA Cleared Okwi Move To Tanzanian Club", ''RedPepper'', authored by Stephen Muneza, 20 December 2013, accessed 11 July 2015|accessdate=11 July 2015|archivedate=12 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212175850/https://redpepper.co.ug/kiiza-fifa-cleared-okwi-move-to-tanzanian-club/}}</ref> Okwi laghachiri Simba S.C. n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2014 n'okpuru nkwekọrịta ọnwa isii, na-akọwa na Young Africans S.C.- akwụsịla nkwekọrịta ya <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/football/item/19527-simba-and-yanga-share-spoils-in-tanzanian-derby.html|title="EMMANUEL OKWI'S SIMBA SC SHARES SPOILS WITH YOUNG AFRICAS IN TANZANIAN DERBY", ''Kawowo Sports'', 19 October 2014, accessed 11 July 2015|accessdate=11 July 2015|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061240/http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/football/item/19527-simba-and-yanga-share-spoils-in-tanzanian-derby.html}}</ref> site n'ịghara ịkwụ ụgwọ US $ 50,000 o ji ya. Okwi jụrụ igwu egwuregwu ise ikpeazụ nke oge 2013-14 maka Young Africans n'ihi esemokwu ịkwụ ụgwọ. Ndị na-eto eto Afrịka ji ike mee mkpesa banyere nnyefe ahụ na Simba S.C. ma kwuo na nkwekọrịta ahụ ka na-arụ ọrụ.Njikọ bọọlụ nke Tanzania jụrụ nkwupụta ahụ na Septemba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201409100342.html|title="Tanzania: Counsel - Okwi Ruling Set Precedence", ''Daily News'', 10 September 2014, via ''allAfrica.com'', accessed 11 July 2015|accessdate=11 July 2015|archivedate=12 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712035527/http://allafrica.com/stories/201409100342.html}}</ref> Na Julaị 2015, SønderjyskE Fodbold bịanyere aka na Okwi na nkwekọrịta afọ ise, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Emmanuel Okwi handed 5 year contract at Danish Club SønderjyskE Fodbold|url=http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/football/item/22550-emmanuel-okwi-signs-for-sonderjyske-fodbold.html|accessdate=10 July 2015|publisher=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> site na nkwenye nke Simba S.C., <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ugo.co.ug/okwi-signs-five-year-contract-with-sonderjyske-of-denmark|title="Okwi Signs Five Year Contract With Sonderjyske Of Denmark", ''UGO News'', 10 July 2015, accessed 11 July 2015|accessdate=11 July 2015|archivedate=6 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306201204/http://news.ugo.co.ug/okwi-signs-five-year-contract-with-sonderjyske-of-denmark}}</ref> nke ga-adịgide ruo 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soenderjyske.dk/|work=soenderjyske.dk|title=SønderjyskElitesport A/S|accessdate=10 July 2015|archivedate=26 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226211957/http://soenderjyske.dk/}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2017, Okwi kwetara ịkwụsị nkwekọrịta ahụ. Ọ gbara goolu abụọ n'egwuregwu isii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SønderjyskE ophæver med Okwi|url=https://www.bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/soenderjyske-ophaever-med-okwi/|work=bold.dk|accessdate=16 July 2019|language=da|date=17 January 2017|archivedate=2 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702170956/http://www.bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/soenderjyske-ophaever-med-okwi/}}</ref> Mgbe o si Denmark lọta, Okwi sonyekwaara ụlọ ọgbakọ SC Villa nke mbụ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọnwa isii. O meriri goolu iri na asọmpi Premier League iri na atọ nke Uganda. <ref name="villa3" /> Na June 2017, Okwi bịanyere aka na Simba S.C. maka oge nke atọ n'ọrụ ya ebe ọ kwenyere na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ.<ref name="villa3">{{Cite web|author=Ssenoga|first=Shafik|title=Emmanuel Okwi joins Simba|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1456388/emmanuel-okwi-joins-simba|publisher=New Vision|accessdate=16 July 2019|date=26 June 2017|archivedate=16 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716103743/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1456388/emmanuel-okwi-joins-simba}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSsenoga2017">Ssenoga, Shafik (26 June 2017). </cite></ref> N'ọnwa Julaị 2019, mgbe ọ masịrị na 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, Okwi sonyeere otu egwuregwu Premier League nke Egypt Al Ittihad na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Egypt's Ittihad of Alexandria sign Uganda striker Okwi|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/51/342051/Sports/Egyptian-Football/Egypts-Ittihad-of-Alexandria-sign-Uganda-striker-O.aspx|accessdate=5 August 2019|work=Ahram Online|date=1 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Adewoye|first=Gbenga|title=Transfer news: Al Ittihad sign Ugandan striker Emmanuel Okwi|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/emmanuel-okwi-al-ittihad-sign-ugandan-striker/19snnzurrfyvm1h3w0w5ex30x7|work=Goal|accessdate=5 August 2019|date=2 August 2019|archivedate=5 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805075458/https://www.goal.com/en/news/emmanuel-okwi-al-ittihad-sign-ugandan-striker/19snnzurrfyvm1h3w0w5ex30x7}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, ọ laghachiri na klọb mbụ Kiyovu Sports na nkwekọrịta otu afọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kironde|first=Baron|title=Emmanuel Okwi Returns To Rwanda's Kiyovu|url=https://sportsnation.co.ug/2024/08/11/emmanuel-okwi-returns-to-rwandas-kiyovu/|accessdate=29 September 2024|work=Live from ground|date=11 August 2024}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Okwi nọchitere anya Uganda na ọkwa dị elu na 2009. Ọ bụ onye nke abụọ kacha gbaa goolu na 2010 CECAFA Cup, na-agba goolu anọ n'egwuregwu ise.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/30/740959|title=Tanzania are CECAFA champions|author=Mubiru, Abdallah|work=New Vision|date=13 December 2010|accessdate=5 April 2011}}</ref>N'afọ sochirinụ na asọmpi CECAFA 2011, ọ gbara ọkpụ ise wee bụrụ onye kacha agba bọọlụ n'akụkụ Rwanda Meddie Kagere na onye ọchịagha ha Olivier Karekezi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14836&a=10942|title=Third time unlucky|author=Mugabe, Bonnie|work=The New Times|date=11 December 2011|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Okwi tolitere na-efe Thierry Henry ofufe ma bụrụkwa onye na-akwado Arsenal F.C. A mụrụ Okwi n'ezinụlọ Roman Katọlik, mana mgbe ọ dị obere, nne ya ghọrọ Onye Kraịst a mụrụ ọzọ ma zụlite ụmụ ya n'okwukwe ya. Okwi lụrụ enyi ya nwanyị ogologo oge Florence Nakalegga onye ha nwere otu nwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xtheline.co.uk/football-emmanuel-okwi/|publisher=Cross The Line|title=Ugandan striker, Emmanuel Okwi: "People thought I have this mohawk because I use witchcraft"|first=Liam|author=Flint|date=12 March 2017|accessdate=7 June 2017|archivedate=16 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516164028/http://www.xtheline.co.uk/football-emmanuel-okwi/}}</ref> Okwi gbara bọọlụ mgbe ọ bụ nwata mgbe ọ nọ na St. Henry's College Kitovu . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Emmanuel Okwi: Uganda Cranes striker in advanced talks with United Arab Emirates club|url=https://kawowo.com/2019/07/10/uganda-cranes-top-scorer-at-afcon-2019-okwi-in-advanced-talks-with-top-tier-united-arab-emirates-club/|date=9 July 2019|work=Kawowo Sports|language=en-US|accessdate=24 May 2020|archivedate=31 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731224907/https://kawowo.com/2019/07/10/uganda-cranes-top-scorer-at-afcon-2019-okwi-in-advanced-talks-with-top-tier-united-arab-emirates-club/}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Mba Nile === {{updated|match played 18 June 2023}}<ref name="NFT">{{NFT|30515|access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="15" |Uganda |2009 |7 |1 |- |2010 |6 |4 |- |2011 |6 |5 |- |2012 |12 |3 |- |2013 |10 |5 |- |2014 |5 |0 |- |2015 |0 |0 |- |2016 |6 |0 |- |2017 |8 |1 |- |2018 |8 |2 |- |2019 |11 |5 |- |2020 |2 |0 |- |2021 |6 |0 |- |2022 |4 |2 |- |2023 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !95 !28 |} : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Uganda na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Okwi ọ bụla gasịrị.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Emmanuel Okwi gbara ! scope="col" |Mba. ! scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe a na-anọ ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Ihe ruru ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ịsọ mpi |- | align="center" |1 |13 Disemba 2009 |Nyayo National Stadium, Nairobi, Kenya | Rwanda | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2009 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |2 |2 Disemba 2010 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Malawi | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |1–1 |2010 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |3 |5 Disemba 2010 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Kenya | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–1 |2010 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |4 |8 Disemba 2010 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Zanzibar | align="center" |2–1 | align="center" |2–2 |2010 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |5 |12 Disemba 2010 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Ethiopia | align="center" |2–2 | align="center" |4–3 |2010 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |6 | rowspan="3" |28 Nọvemba 2011 | rowspan="3" |Chamazi Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | rowspan="3" | Somalia | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="3" align="center" |4–0 | rowspan="3" |2011 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |7 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |8 | align="center" |4–0 |- | align="center" |9 |8 Disemba 2011 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Tanzania | align="center" |2–1 | align="center" |3–1 |2011 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |10 |10 Disemba 2011 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Rwanda | align="center" |2–2 | align="center" |2–2 |2011 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |11 |3 June 2012 |Estádio 11 de Novembro, Luanda, Angola | Angola | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |1–1 |2014 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- | align="center" |12 |16 June 2012 |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | Congo | align="center" |4–0 | align="center" |4–0 |2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- | align="center" |13 |6 Disemba 2012 |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | Tanzania | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–0 |2012 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |14 |15 June 2013 |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | Angola | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |2–1 |2014 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- | align="center" |15 | rowspan="2" |31 Ọgọst 2013 | rowspan="2" |Botswana National Stadium, Gaborone, Botswana | rowspan="2" | Botswana | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–1 | rowspan="2" |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- | align="center" |16 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |17 | rowspan="2" |2 Disemba 2013 | rowspan="2" |Nairobi City Stadium, Nairobi, Kenya | rowspan="2" | Eritrea | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |2013 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |18 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |19 |31 Ọgọst 2017 |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | Egypt | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |2018 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- | align="center" |20 | rowspan="2" |13 Ọktoba 2018 | rowspan="2" |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | rowspan="2" | Lesotho | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |2019 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- | align="center" |21 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |22 |22 June 2019 |Cairo International Stadium, Cairo, Egypt | DR Congo | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2019 |- | align="center" |23 |26 June 2019 |Cairo International Stadium, Cairo, Egypt | Zimbabwe | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2019 |- | align="center" |24 |8 Septemba 2019 |Ebe Egwuregwu Mba Nile nke Moi, Nairobi, Kenya | Kenya | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- | align="center" |25 |13 Ọktoba 2019 |Bahir Dar Stadium, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia | Ethiopia | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- | align="center" |26 |17 Nọvemba 2019 |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | Malawi | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2021 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- | align="center" |27 |25 Machị 2022 |Маркизи Stadium, Namangan, Uzbekistan | Tajikistan | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |2022 Iko Nowruz |- | align="center" |28 |29 Machị 2022 |Маркизи Stadium, Namangan, Uzbekistan | Uzbekistan | align="center" |2–4 | align="center" |2–4 |2022 Iko Nowruz |} == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Okwi, Emmanuel}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t0mio07ucfs0urge2jxvmk94el8arkt 0 65322 692386 451780 2026-07-29T22:34:01Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort and databox 692386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Farouk Shikalo (amuru 10 Disemba 1996) bu onye oche-goolu mba Kenya nke na-agbara klọb Mtibwa Sugar bọọlụ == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Shikalo, Farouk}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 5mdhi31whq7hegbtqugu416kggw14sy 0 65530 692404 450252 2026-07-29T23:08:45Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added databox 692404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fathiya Mbarak Khamis''' bụ ọkà mmụta ihe omimi nke Kenya na onye ahọpụtara onye otu ụlọ akwụkwọ sayensị nke Africa (FAAS) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Fathiya Khamis {{!}} The AAS|url=https://aasciences.africa/fellows/fathiya-khamis|accessdate=2025-07-15|work=aasciences.africa|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido na agụmakwụkwọ == Fathiya nwetara nzere nke mbụ na nke abụọ ya na Biochemistry na Mahadum Agriculture na Teknụzụ nke Jomo Kenyatta. N'afọ 2009, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na Molecular Biology na Mahadum Kenyatta. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Fathiya M. Khamis {{!}} icipe - International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology|url=https://www.icipe.org/about/staff/fathiya-m-khamis|accessdate=2025-07-15|work=www.icipe.org}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Fathiya malitere ọrụ ya na mahadum Kenyatta dị ka onye enyemaka gụsịrị akwụkwọ ma mechaa bụrụ onye nkuzi na onye nkuzi na ngalaba Biochemistry na Biotechnology.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Fathiya Khamis {{!}} The AAS|url=https://aasciences.africa/fellows/fathiya-khamis|accessdate=2025-07-15|work=aasciences.africa|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Fathiya M. Khamis {{!}} icipe - International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology|url=https://www.icipe.org/about/staff/fathiya-m-khamis|accessdate=2025-07-15|work=www.icipe.org}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == Fathiya nwetara 2019 TWAS Abdool Karim Prize na Biological Sciences maka nyocha ya banyere ụmụ ahụhụ na-eri mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri na Africa .<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Sciences (TWAS)|first=The World Academy of|date=2020-01-31|title=Fathiya M. Khamis wins the TWAS - Abdool Karim Award in biological sciences|url=https://twas.org/article/fathiya-m-khamis-wins-twas-abdool-karim-award-biological-sciences|accessdate=2025-07-15|work=twas.org|language=en}}</ref> == Ndị otu == A họpụtara Fathiya Mbarak Khamis ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ụlọ akwụkwọ sayensị nke Africa na afọ 2022 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Fathiya Khamis {{!}} The AAS|url=https://aasciences.africa/fellows/fathiya-khamis|accessdate=2025-07-15|work=aasciences.africa|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}  {{DEFAULTSORT:Khamis, Fathiya Mbarak}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qu6x7p5vtyx075yalbhbn31ejt9c5ea 0 65546 692569 595412 2026-07-30T10:11:21Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692569 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Faustina Oware-Gyekye''' bụ onye ndu nọọsụ Ghana onye kuziri ihe na Mahadum Mountcrest na Mahadum Ghana. Ọ bụ onye isi nke ngalaba Ghana nke West African College of Nursing ma dezie ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị nọọsụ. == Ndụ mbido na agụmakwụkwọ == Oware-Gyekye gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Wesley Girl na Cape Coast wee zụọ ya na nọọsụ na kọleji Ọzụzụ Ndị Nọọsụ, Kumasi, na midwifery na Midwifery Training College,Korle Bu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ghana College of Nurses and Midwives {{!}} Mrs. Faustina Oware-Gyekye (WACN Representative)|url=https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=www.gcnm.edu.gh|archivedate=2022-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222005015/https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php}}</ref> O nwere diplọma na nkuzi nọọsụ, nzere bachelọ na nọọsụ, yana nzere masta na ngalaba ọdịdị ahụike na Mahadum Ghana.<ref name=":0" /><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''www.gcnm.edu.gh''. Archived from on 2022-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'afọ 1999, o nwetara asambodo onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ndu na njikwa na Mahadum Tufts.<ref name=":0" /><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''www.gcnm.edu.gh''. Archived from on 2022-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ == Oware-Gyekye kụziri na Midwifery Training School, Korle-Bu n'etiti afọ 1975 na 1987, ma kuziere na Mahadum Ghana rue afọ 2008.<ref name=":0" />{{Cite web|title=Ghana College of Nurses and Midwives {{!}} Mrs. Faustina Oware-Gyekye (WACN Representative)|url=https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=www.gcnm.edu.gh|archivedate=2022-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222005015/https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220222005015/https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php "Ghana College of Nurses and Midwives | Mrs. Faustina Oware-Gyekye (WACN Representative)"]. ''www.gcnm.edu.gh''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20220222005015/https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php the original]on 2022-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'agbata afọ 2000 na 2008, ọ bụ onye otu ndị nọọsụ na ndị Midwives Na-achị n' Isi nke Ghana.<ref name=":0" />{{Cite web|title=Ghana College of Nurses and Midwives {{!}} Mrs. Faustina Oware-Gyekye (WACN Representative)|url=https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=www.gcnm.edu.gh|archivedate=2022-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222005015/https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220222005015/https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php "Ghana College of Nurses and Midwives | Mrs. Faustina Oware-Gyekye (WACN Representative)"]. ''www.gcnm.edu.gh''. Archived from on 2022-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Oware-Gyekye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi ukwu na Mahadum kọleji Mountcrest ,<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=5 June 2016|title=Fresh qualified Nurses and midwives received {{!}} News Ghana|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/fresh-qualified-nurses-and-midwives-received/|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=News Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> Accra na site na afọ 2019 ruo afọ 2021 Ọ bụ onye isi nke Ghana ngalaba nke West African College of Nursing.<ref name=":0" />{{Cite web|title=Ghana College of Nurses and Midwives {{!}} Mrs. Faustina Oware-Gyekye (WACN Representative)|url=https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=www.gcnm.edu.gh|archivedate=2022-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222005015/https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220222005015/https://www.gcnm.edu.gh/governing_council/profile_gyekye.php "Ghana College of Nurses and Midwives | Mrs. Faustina Oware-Gyekye (WACN Representative)"]. ''www.gcnm.edu.gh''. Archived from on 2022-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-22</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visiting faculty from Ghana learn best practices at College of Medicine {{!}} Penn State University|url=https://www.psu.edu/news/medicine/story/visiting-faculty-ghana-learn-best-practices-college-medicine/|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=www.psu.edu|language=en}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke West African College of Nursing journal, jere ozi dị ka onye so na bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ nke ndị nọọsụ Ghana (akwụkwọ akụkọ).<ref name=":0" /> == Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara == * Gans-Lartey, F., O'Brien, B. A., Oware-Gyekye, F., & Schopflocher, D. (2013). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0266613812000447 ''Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti iji partograph na nsonaazụ ọmụmụ na ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi Korle-Bu''] . ''Midwifery'', ''29''(5), 461–467.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ollerhead|first=Elizabeth|date=2014-08-16|title=Barriers to and incentives for achieving partograph use in obstetric practice in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review|journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth|volume=14|issue=1|doi=10.1186/1471-2393-14-281|pmid=25132124|issn=1471-2393}}</ref> * Oware-Gyekye, Faustina. "[https://web.p.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=11179686&AN=32768863&h=u89CvNfUjse5HBx6w5cmhmffcshvTB5LmAJxP7IlxyWA%2fQnozcuI%2fiLk5xgSyl5LWNpIMyHRW6HymNWy6t%2fRHQ%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d11179686%26AN%3d32768863 Nchịkwa mgbu: Ọrụ Nọọsụ] ." ''West African Journal of Nursing'' 19.1 (2008). == Edensibia == <references />   {{DEFAULTSORT:Oware-Gyekye, Faustina}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2wnhaic4kqonbca2zptn5g8zqynjxdh 0 65879 692579 458917 2026-07-30T10:41:50Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692579 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alice Archenhold''' (née '''Markus'''; 27 August 1874 - 9 February 1943) <ref name="Juden in Treptow: sie haben geheissen wir ihr heisst">{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Monika|title=Juden in Treptow: sie haben geheissen wir ihr heisst|date=1993|publisher=Edition Hentrich|isbn=3894680652|pages=10, 37|edition=1. Aufl}}</ref><ref name="Frauenmosaik">{{Cite book|title=Frauenmosaik : Frauenbiographien aus dem Berliner Stadtbezirk Treptow-Köpenick|year=2001|publisher=Trafo|isbn=9783896263438|pages=13, 19|edition=1. Aufl}}</ref> bụbu onye German na-enyocha mbara igwe nke di ya bụbu onye ibe ya na-enyoch mbara igwe Friedrich Simon Archenhold.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Einstein und Archenhold|url=https://www.einstein-website.de/z_biography/einsteinarchenhold-e.html|work=www.einstein-website.de|accessdate=26 December 2018|archivedate=15 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015185052/http://www.einstein-website.de/z_biography/einsteinarchenhold-e.html}}</ref><ref name="JarauschMiddell2013">{{Cite book|author=Konrad Jarausch|title=Geschichte der Universität Unter den Linden 1810-2010: Sozialistisches Experiment und Erneuerung in der Demokratie - die Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 1945-2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEbnBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA182|date=9 January 2013|publisher=De Gruyter|isbn=978-3-05-006313-3|pages=182–3}}</ref> A mụrụ Alice Markus na Wiesbaden, Germany, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Terezín Memorial|url=https://www.pamatnik-terezin.cz/prisoner/te-archenhold-alice|accessdate=2021-07-13|work=www.pamatnik-terezin.cz}}</ref> wee lụọ Friedrich Simon Archenhold na ọnwa July 1897 ma biri na Berlin. Ha gara n'ihu nwee mụọ ụmụ ise. Ụmụ ya nwoke, Günter, onye ghọrọ onye na-enyocha mbara igwe, na Horst, gbagara England, mana e jidere Alice ma chụlata ya (ya na nwa ya nwanyị Hilde) n'ogige ịta ahụhụ Theresienstadt, na Czechoslovakia, ebe ọ nwụrụ na ụbọchị 9 Febụwarị 1943.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alice Archenhold {{!}} Database of victims {{!}} Holocaust|url=https://www.holocaust.cz/en/database-of-victims/victim/4523-alice-archenhold/|work=www.holocaust.cz|accessdate=26 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="TrimbleWilliams2007">{{Cite book|author=Virginia Trimble|title=Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-BF1CHkc50C&pg=PA56|date=18 September 2007|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-387-30400-7}}</ref> A na-eme echeta ya n'ili di ya na Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde, Berlin. N'afọ 2010, okporo ụzọ dị na Treptow-Köpenick ka aghagharịrị aha ya ka Alice Archenhold Weg . <ref name="JarauschMiddell2013" />name="Straßenumbenennung in Niederschöneweide">{{Cite web|title=Straßenumbenennung in Niederschöneweide|url=http://www.berlin.de/ba-treptow-koepenick/aktuelles/archiv_bzbm_i_2010.html#umbenennung|work=Berlin.de (archived)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220022859/http://www.berlin.de/ba-treptow-koepenick/aktuelles/archiv_bzbm_i_2010.html#umbenennung|accessdate=27 December 2018|archivedate=20 February 2010}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Foto nke ezinụlọ Archenhold: https://theskywasthelimit.de/en/history/ == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} m77ed8zalg9tnppxsv55668kxxsx3zh 0 66152 692572 475321 2026-07-30T10:29:53Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692572 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Edna P. Plumstead</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" | <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1903-09-15</span>)</span> 15 Septemba 1903 Cape Town, Cape Colony<br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Cape Town]], Cape Colony[[Cape Colony|Obodo Cape]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nwụrụ | class="infobox-data" |23 Septemba 1989 <span style="display:none">(1989-09-23)</span> (afọ 86) <div class="deathplace" style="display:inline">[[Johannesburg]]</div>&nbsp;<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alma mater&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |[[Witwatersrand University|Mahadum Witwatersrand]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Ọrụ sayensị''' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụlọ ọrụ | class="infobox-data" |Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, Mahadum nke Witwatersrand |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Onye edemede dị mkpirikpi. (ihe ọkụkụ) <nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |Ọrịa na-efe efe |} '''Edna Pauline Plumstead''' (née '''Janish'''; 15 Septemba 1903 Cape Town - 23 Septemba 1989 Johannesburg) bụ onye South Africa palaeobotanist, nke Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, Mahadum Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1924. Edna biri na Cape Town afọ asaa mbụ nke ndụ ya na nke ahụ bụ ebe ọ ga-enyocha ma chọta ifuru ọhịa na Cape Peninsula. Plumstead ga-emecha jikọọ ifuru ọhịa na otu ebe dị ka Australia na South America mgbe ọ ga-emecha gbachitere mkpagharị kọntinent ahụ. Ọ malitere ịgbachitere tiori nke mbugharị kọntinent n'afọ ndị 1950 wee kọwaa ya dị ka otu 'ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mbụ South Africa na ngalaba nke Gondwana paleobotany na geology'.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Maguire|first=J M|title=Dr. Edna P. Plumstead FRSSAf|journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa|date=January 1990|volume=47|issue=3|pages=355–357|doi=10.1080/00359199009520247}}</ref> Plumstead nwetara ihe nrite Chrestian Mica Gondwanaland site na Geological Society of India, ma mee ya Fellow nke Royal Society of South Africa. Edna Plumstead gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1924 na Mahadum Witwatersrand na B.Sc. (Hons.) na geology wee were oge na ngalaba Geology. Ụlọ akwụkwọ Geological Society nke South Africa ji ya kpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu maka nzere nna ya ukwu nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ nwetara nrite Corstorphine. Ọ sonyere na Bernard Price Institute na 1965 site na Ngalaba Geology. N'oge ahụ ọ nọ na-amụ fossils osisi anakọtara na Antarctica, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ kwenye na nkume sedimentary nke otu afọ na Antarctica, South Africa, South America, India na Australia nwere n'ezie yiri osisi fossils. Emere ụdị ndị a site na mbubreyo Palaeozoic gaa n'ihu. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a dị ogologo oge tupu nkwenye zuru oke nke 'continental-drift', tectonics plate na Mgbasa nke ala oké osimiri, ụfọdụ hụrụ osisi fossil nke Antarctic dị ka ihe akaebe siri ike maka ịdị adị nke 'super-continent' mbụ, Gondwana. Ihe dị ka afọ ise mgbe a mara ọkwa ihe akaebe palaeobotanical n'ụwa, James Kitching gbakwunyere ihe akaebe nke fossils vertebrate na arụmụka a mgbe ọ sonyeere United States Antarctic Research Group na nleta na 1970, wee chịkọta fossils vertebrate yiri ndị ọ maara na Karoo. == Ọrụ ya == Edna Plumstead biri na South Africa, mba ebe echiche Wegener banyere Continental drift dị mma ma kụzie ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, nke dị iche na North America na Europe ebe a jụrụ echiche ahụ. Ya mere, echiche Wegener nwere mmetụta n'ahụ ya ma nwee mmasị karịsịa n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndụ mbụ n'ụwa anaghị ekesa ya n'ụzọ hà nhata, kama na e kewara ya na mpaghara. Ọ mụtakwara banyere ịkọ nkọ banyere kọntinent oge ochie a na-akpọ [[Gondwana]]" id="mwMA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gondwana">Gondwanaland ma kpebie ịmụtakwu banyere ya. O mere nchọpụta ya kachasị mkpa na 1952, nke bụ mkpụrụ nke Glossopteris, osisi Permian dị na Gondwana, ma mesịa ghọọ ọkachamara n'okwu ahụ.<ref name=":0" /> N'oge nyocha ya, ọ jiri floras nke Southern na Northern Hemispheres tụnyere, ya na ya chọpụtara na mba ụfọdụ, gụnyere Africa, South America, India, Australia na Antarctica nwere ụdị floras n'oge gara aga. Nchọpụta ya dị mkpa n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe akaebe nke ịdị adị nke Gondwana. Anyị nwere ike ịgụ banyere ya n'akwụkwọ ya "The Case for Continental Drift".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Continental Drift Controversy: Wegener and the early Debate|author=Frankel|first=Henry R|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFrankel2012">Frankel, Henry R (2012). ''The Continental Drift Controversy: Wegener and the early Debate''. Cambridge University Press.</cite></ref> Maka nyocha ya, enwere ajụjụ abụọ dị mkpa ọ jụrụ ma gbalịa idozi. Nke mbụ bụ: "Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ nke kọntinent agbanwebeghị otú otu ụdị na ọbụna ụdị osisi nwere ike isi kwaga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ọdịda anyanwụ na ndịda gafee oké osimiri sara mbara nke na-ekewa ha ugbu a, mana ha erughị North America, Europe na Eshia n'ụzọ dị mfe?" Ajụjụ nke abụọ bụ: " Ọ bụrụ na mpaghara ihu igwe bụ otu, olee otu anyị ga-esi kọwaa eziokwu ahụ na osisi fossil nke peninsular India nwere ike iji tụnyere, na mgbe niile, na ndị nke Australia, Africa ndị ahụ yiri nke ndị dị n'ebe ndịda Sahara, Argentina na-adịkarị, karịa ihe niile, ọ bụla, 86° nke ọ bụla, ọ dịghị ihe niile, ebe ọ bụla,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fossil floras of Antarctica|author=Edna P. Plumstead and R Kraűsel|publisher=London: Trans-Antarctic Expedition Committee|year=1962}}</ref> Plumstead rụkwara ọrụ na mmepe nke echiche mobilism ka ọ na-enye ozi ka mma banyere Glossopteris nke nyere aka na nkọwa na nghọta nke nkewa nke Gondwana. Ọ ghọrọ ezigbo olu maka mobiliism. Ọrụ ya, tinyere nke Wegener, du Toit na Martin nyeere Warren Hamilton aka, onye na-akwado echiche nke continental drift, ịzụlite echiche ya banyere mobiliism nke o tinyere na America.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Continental Drift Controversy: Wegener and the early Debate|author=Frankel|first=Henry R|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFrankel2012">Frankel, Henry R (2012). ''The Continental Drift Controversy: Wegener and the early Debate''. Cambridge University Press.</cite></ref> Plumstead bụ onye mbụ kọwapụtara ihe dị iche iche na-emepụta nri nke osisi Glossopteris nke a na-ahụ n'ihe gbasara organic na akwụkwọ. Ọzọkwa, n'oge nyocha ya, na nyocha ya nke "Paleobotany na Antarctica"; ọ bịara na nkwubi okwu na ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na ihe àmà sitere na Antarctica chọrọ nkọwa phytogeographical nke nwere ezi uche karịa nke ọ bụla e nyere na mbụ, ma dị ka ọ na-eju afọ site na ịnakwere ụdị ụfọdụ nke mkpagharị kọntinent. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Dị ka onye paleobotanist, ọ mụrụ fossils ma nwee mmasị karịsịa na otu fossils nke otu ụdị ahụ si mechie na kọntinent dị iche iche - ọ na-eji Gondwana akọwa nke a. A tụlere akwụkwọ ya gbasara mbugharị kọntinent n'ọtụtụ ebe ma dị mkpa maka mmepe nke ya na nyocha ya banyere fossils. Warren Hamilton, onye na-akwado mobiliism wee gaa Africa ịchọta ihe akaebe iji kwado echiche ya, mgbe ọ nọ n'Africa ọ gụrụ ọrụ Plumstead - ọ bụ n'ihi ya (na ndị ọzọ abụọ) ka o nwere ike igosi echiche ya nke mobiliism. Plumstead nyere aka dị ukwuu na nghọta nke Glossopteris, na-enye ihe akaebe dị mkpa na-akwado nkọwa nke Gondwana. Site n'ọtụtụ ọrụ na nyocha Plumstead, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị ọzọ enweela ike ịkwado echiche nke ha nke nyeere anyị aka ịmara banyere ụwa dị ka ọ dị taa.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=brYrDwAAQBAJ&q=edna+and+continental+drift&pg=PA271|title=The Continental Drift Controversy: Volume 1, Wegener and the Early Debate|author=Frankel|first=Henry R.|date=2016-12-12|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781316616048|language=en}}</ref> == Ndepụta nke akwụkwọ == * E. P. Plumstead, 'Nkọwa nke ụdị ọhụrụ abụọ na ụdị mkpụrụ osisi ọhụrụ isii a mụrụ na akwụkwọ Glossopteris sitere na South Africa", ''Trans Geol Soc S Afr'', 55 (1952), 281-328 * E. P. Plumstead, 'Mkpụrụ osisi abụọ a na-amị na akwụkwọ Glossopteris sitere na South Africa. ''Palaeontographica'', 100B (1956),1-25 * Edna P. Plumstead, Bisexual fructification buuru na akwụkwọ Glossopteris si South Africa (Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart, 1956) * Edna P. Plumstead, Coal in Southern Africa (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1957) * Edna P. Plumstead, On Ottokaria, the fruitful of Gangamopteris (Johannesburg: Hortors Ltd., [1957?]) * E. P. Plumstead, 'Mkpụrụ osisi ndị ọzọ nke Glossopteridae na nkewa nwa oge dabere na ha", ''Trans Geol Soc S Afr'', 61 (1958), 52-74 * Edna P. Plumstead na Rű Krasel. Fossil floras nke Antarctica (London: Trans-Antarctic Expedition Committee, 1962) * Edna P. Plumstead, puku afọ atọ nke ndụ osisi n'Africa (Johannesburg: Geological Society of South Africa, 1969) * Edna P. Plumstead, 'Plenary paper on Gondwana paleobotany' (1970) * Edna P. Plumstead, Nchịkọta ọhụrụ nke fossils osisi sitere na Milorgfjella, Dronning Maud Land (Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey, 1975) * Akwụkwọ ndị o bipụtara: * Fossil Floras of Antarctica-1 mbipụta e bipụtara n'asụsụ Bekee na 1962 * Nkebi Drawing of Simple Geological Maps-8 mbipụta e bipụtara n'asụsụ Bekee n'etiti 1938 na 1946 * Geology-1 mbipụta e bipụtara n'asụsụ Bekee na 1962 == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 422jv7g2u2yznmdocbsqwxkddgnq7f9 0 66666 692354 655835 2026-07-29T20:29:23Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alanah Woody''' (March 24, 1956 - Julia 19, 2007) bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie nke America, onye na-amụ gbasara ụmụ mmadụ, oka mmụta na onye isi nchịkwa nke [[Nevada Rock Art Foundation]], nke ọ mebere. A na-ewere ya dị ka onye ọkachamara na nka nkume nke Ụmụ amaala America, dị ka eserese na petroglyphs, karịsịa na Nevada, ma kwado nchebe ha.<ref name="lat">{{Cite news|title=Alanah Woody, 51; helped to preserve rock art sites in Nevada|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-woody24jul24,1,704016.story?coll=la-headlines-pe-california|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2007-07-24|accessdate=2007-08-19}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Woody na Central Valley nke California site n'aka nna nke bụ onye na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala na nne na-elekọta ụlọ. Nna ya rụrụ ọrụ na ọwa mmiri na nnukwu ọrụ iwu ihe, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ya kwaga ọtụtụ ugboro, gụnyere Pakistan, ebe o biri site na afọ ise ruo afọ iri na atọ.<ref name=":0" /> Na Mahadum Nevada, Reno, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta bachelor na nke masta na anthropology wee gaa n'ihu nata nzere doctorate ya na nkà mmụta ihe ochie na Mahadum Southampton dị na England (2000).<ref name="lat" /><ref name=":0" /> [[Faịlụ:Petroglyph_in_Arizona_2007-01-20.jpg|thumb|Ihe atụ nke petroglyph (achọtara na Arizona) ]] Woody nyere aka chọta Nevada Rock Art Foundation otu afọ mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere doctorate ya iji malite akwụkwọ nke ihe osise nka na nkume Nevada. Iji mee nke a, ọ kụziiri "ndị agha afọ ofufo" uru nke foto, eserese na data GPS mgbe ha na-edekọ nchọpụta ha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Christopher|date=2005|title=Glyph Dweller|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHall2005">Hall, Christopher (2005). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/glyph-dweller-76323796/ "Glyph Dweller"]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ na-echekwa mkpokọta ihe omumu na Nevada State Museum na Carson City, <ref name=":0" /> ma kụzie anthropology and archaeology na Mahadum Nevada, Reno. <ref name=":1" /> Woody natara onyinye nturu ugo nchekwa akụkụ ihe mere eme Nevada maka ọrụ nchekwa ihe nketa oge ochie ya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Alanah Woody Obituary (1900) - RENO, IL - Anchorage Daily News|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/adn/name/alanah-woody-obituary?pid=178150444|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=Legacy.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/adn/name/alanah-woody-obituary?pid=178150444 "Alanah Woody Obituary (1900) - RENO, IL - Anchorage Daily News"]. ''Legacy.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 5zevmsdt0r868dx4spky061rrbgtt8l 0 66692 692366 497563 2026-07-29T20:55:41Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aldona Džiugaitė-Aleškevičienė-Statulevičienī''' (1 Jenụwarị 1936 – 24 Febrụwarị 2017) bụ ọkà mmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ nke Lithuania bụ ọkachamara n'echiche nke puru omume. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Aleškevičienė-Statulevičienī na 1 Jenụwarị 1936 na Digegai, Ukmergė County, Lithuania.<ref name=":1" />[https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/aldona-aleskeviciene-statuleviciene/ "Aldona Aleškevičienė-Statulevičienė"]. ''[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija]]'' (in Lithuanian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2025</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Lithuanian-language sources (lt)]]</ref> Aleškevičienė-Statulevičienī gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Vilnius dị ka Doctor of Physics and Mathematics na 1964. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Aldona Aleškevičienė-Statulevičienė|url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/aldona-aleskeviciene-statuleviciene/|accessdate=2025-07-16|work=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija]]|language=lt}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Institute of Mathematics and Informatics ruo n'afọ 2010. <ref name=":0" />{{Cite web|title=Aldona STATULEVIČIENĖ|url=https://www.anykstenai.lt/asmenys/asm.php?id=670|date=2021-10-23|work=anykstenai.lt|publisher=Anykštėnų biografijų žinynas|accessdate=2025-09-20|language=lt}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.anykstenai.lt/asmenys/asm.php?id=670 "Aldona STATULEVIČIENĖ"]. ''anykstenai.lt'' (in Lithuanian). Anykštėnų biografijų žinynas. 23 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Lithuanian-language sources (lt)]]</ref> O nwetara PhD nke abụọ site na Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan . <ref name=":0" /> Aleškevičienė-Statulevičienī nwụrụ na 2017 na Vilnius.<ref name=":0" />{{Cite web|title=Aldona STATULEVIČIENĖ|url=https://www.anykstenai.lt/asmenys/asm.php?id=670|date=2021-10-23|work=anykstenai.lt|publisher=Anykštėnų biografijų žinynas|accessdate=2025-09-20|language=lt}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.anykstenai.lt/asmenys/asm.php?id=670 "Aldona STATULEVIČIENĖ"]. ''anykstenai.lt'' (in Lithuanian). Anykštėnų biografijų žinynas. 23 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Lithuanian-language sources (lt)]]</ref> == Ọrụ sayensị == Aleškevičienė-Statulevičienė na-arụ ọrụ kachasị mkpa bụ na njedebe njedebe nke usoro ihe gbasara nke puru omume, gụnyere ọrụ na echiche ọhụrụ, na ọrụ metụtara ya metụtara polynomials, multiple integrals, na ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.mii.lt/files/doc/lt/apie_instituta/10_an_mat_ist_skerus93.pdf|first=Stasys|author=Skėrus|chapter=Mathematics at the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences|pages=81–96|title=Science and Arts of Lithuania|year=1993|series=The Lithuanian Journal of Science for Lithuania and the World|publisher=Lithuanian Academy of Sciences}} See p. 84.</ref> Aleškevičienė-Statulevičienė bụ onye isi nyocha na ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbakọ na mwepụ na ihe ọmụma na Lithuanian Academy of Sciences site na 1989 ruo 2010.<ref name=":0" />[https://www.anykstenai.lt/asmenys/asm.php?id=670 "Aldona STATULEVIČIENĖ"]. ''anykstenai.lt'' (in Lithuanian). Anykštėnų biografijų žinynas. 23 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Lithuanian-language sources (lt)]]</ref> == Onyinye == * 1987 Ihe nrite steeti Lithuania<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Aldona STATULEVIČIENĖ|url=https://www.anykstenai.lt/asmenys/asm.php?id=670|date=2021-10-23|work=anykstenai.lt|publisher=Anykštėnų biografijų žinynas|accessdate=2025-09-20|language=lt}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Aleskeviciene-Statuleviciene, Aldona}} hsq4uad62p11f7xsun392l7ykedonut 0 66906 692582 514510 2026-07-30T10:44:21Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Authority control}} '''Frank Joseph Ayd Jr.''' (Ọktoba 14, 1920 – March 21, 2008) bụ onye dibia bekee ama ama maka iwebata ọgwụ antipsychotic mbụ n'ime ụlọ ọgwụ US, na-enye ya ikike izizi site na Food and Drug Administration eji Thorazine maka schizophrenia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/21/health/research/21ayd.html|title=Frank Ayd, 87, Who Advanced Thorazine Use, Is Dead|author=Martin|first=Douglas|work=New York Times}}</ref> Ọ so na-ede ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri ise ma dee ihe karịrị akụkọ narị anọ. na "Ayd's Lexicon of Psychiatry, Neurology and the Neurosciences" ghọrọ akwụkwọ ntụaka ọkọlọtọ.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times si kwuo, ọ bụ onye isi ọsụ ụzọ n'ọhịa psychopharmacology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/21/health/research/21ayd.html|title=Frank Ayd, 87, Who Advanced Thorazine Use, Is Dead|author=Martin|first=Douglas|work=New York Times}}</ref> Amụrụ na Baltimore na Ọktoba 14, 1920, n'ezinaụlọ onye dọkịta na-ahụ maka ụmụaka, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji Loyola na Baltimore na Mahadum nke Maryland School of Medicine. Ọrụ ya malitere na pediatrics mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị agha mmiri kpọrọ ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma kenye ya ịwa ahụ na ụlọ ọgwụ Bethesda Naval. Obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara n'ụlọọgwụ Veterans dị na Perry Point, Maryland wee bụrụ dibịa bekee. Ọ bụ ezie na mbụ enweghị mmasị na psychiatry, ọ gbanwere echiche ya ma mee ya ruo oge ndụ ya niile, na-ewebata ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ. Frank Ayd mụrụ, n'okwu ya, "n'ikwu okwu n'ụzọ ziri ezi, ọ bụla neuroleptic nke nwetara n'ahịa na ọbọdọ a ma e wezụga Clozaril na Risperdal".  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Akwụkwọ == * Ịmata Onye Ọrịa dara mbà n'obi, na Essentials; F. Ayd; Nke Grune & Stratton, Inc. bipụtara 1961 {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == 8mrjlviq1p2r60w4onjlul1kcul0hgz 0 66972 692584 514836 2026-07-30T10:54:22Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''' (Mary) Alice Bennett''' (January 31, 1851 - 1925) bụ dọkịta US na nwanyị mbụ nwetara Ph.D. na Mahadum Pennsylvania. Na mgbakwunye, Bennett bụ nwanyị mbụ na-elekọta ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị na ụlọ ọgwụ steeti maka ndị isi mgbaka nọ na Norristown, Pennsylvania, na nwanyị mbụ bụ onye isi oche nke [[Montgomery Country Medical Society]].<ref name="NLM">{{Cite web|title=Dr. (Mary) Alice Bennett|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_32.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041117183908/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_32.html|archivedate=November 17, 2004|work=Changing The Face Of Medicine|publisher=National Library of Medicine|accessdate=2014-02-08}}</ref><ref name="DWS">{{Cite book|author=Ogilvie|first=Marilyn|authorlink=Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie|title=The Biographical Dictionary Of Women In Science|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|location=New York, New York|isbn=0-415-92038-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ogil_0/page/115 115]|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ogil_0}}</ref> Ya na ndị dọkịta ndị ọzọ, ọ bụ onye so guzobe otu National Conference of Charities and Correction . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/treatment-insane-1876-2/|title=Treatment of the Insane: 1876|date=14 January 2014|work=Social Welfare History Project|accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Bennett biri afọ mbụ ya n'obodo ya bụ Wrentham, Massachusetts ya na nne na nna ya, Lydia Hayden na Isaac Francis Bennett na ụmụnne ya ise tọrọ ya. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Bennett kụziri nkuzi ruo afọ anọ na mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ dị gburugburu Wrentham. N'afọ 1872, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania na Philadelphia. Ozugbo ọ nwetara MD ya n'afọ 1876, Bennett rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Philadelphia slums. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọrụ ya, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye ngosi anatomy n'ụlọ akwukwọ Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania. Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya ma n'afọ 1880 ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ nwetara Ph.D. na Mahadum Pennsylvania. Ka ọ na-agụcha Ph.D. ya, Hiram Corson nyeere ya aka na nhọpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nlekọta ahụike nke Ngalaba Ụmụ nwanyị n' ụlọ ọgwụ Pennsylvania State Hospital for the Insane na Norristown.<ref name="NLM" />[https://web.archive.org/web/20041117183908/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_32.html "Dr. (Mary) Alice Bennett"]. ''Changing The Face Of Medicine''. National Library of Medicine. Archived from [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_32.html the original] on November 17, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-08</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="DWS" /> == Ọrụ na nruzu ndị ọzọ == A họpụtara Alice Bennett dị ka nwanyị mbụ bụ onye isi oche nke otu [[Montgomery County Medical Society]] na Pennsylvania. N'oge ndụ ya ọ bụ onye otu ọtụtụ òtù gụnyere otu American Medical Association, [[Philadelphia Neurological Society]] na Medical Jurisprudence Society, yana otu n'ime ndị nnyere aka na [[Spring Garden Unitarian Church of Philadelphia|Spring Garden Unitarian Church nke Philadelphia]] . <ref name="NLM" /><ref name="DWS" /> Bennett rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nlekọta ahụike nke Ngalaba gbasara Ụmụ nwanyị na Pennsylvania State Hospital for the Insane na Norristown site n'afọ 1880 ruo afọ 1896. N'oge ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ onye nkwado inwe obi mmadụ nye ọgw<u>gwọ</u> ndị ọrịa. Ọ katọrọ igbochi ndị isi mgbaka na ndị isi mebiri na ufọdụ ihe, ma na-akọwa na nke a abaghị uru ma bụrụ nke na-kpatara iwe. Bennett kw<u>sịrị</u> omume ndị a na ụlọ ọrụ nke ya, ma mee ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ mee otu ihe ahụ. Dị ka onye nọchiri ya, dọkịta a na-ewebata nchepụta ọh<u>rụ</u> webatara usoro ọrụ ọgwụgwọ dịka, ọrụ aka, egwu na nka. Akụkọ nnyocha ya na akwụkwọ gbasara ọdịdị na njirimara nke ọrịa uche mere ka ọ bụrụ ọkachamara ọrụ ya. <ref name="NLM" />[https://web.archive.org/web/20041117183908/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_32.html "Dr. (Mary) Alice Bennett"]. ''Changing The Face Of Medicine''. National Library of Medicine. Archived from [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_32.html the original] on November 17, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-08</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="DWS" /> Bennett hapụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ steeti n'afọ 1896, ma laghachi n'obodo ya bụ Wrentham ma na-arụ ọrụ onwe ya. N'afọ 1910, ọ chọpụtara ụlọ ọgwụ New York bụ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Emily Blackwell" class="cx-link" data-linkid="44">Emily Blackwell</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Infirmary_for_Indigent_Women_and_Children" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="45">New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children</a>l. O wepụtara onwe ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị ka onye isi nke ngalaba na-ahụ maka ịmụ nwa ruo afọ iri na ise.<ref name="NLM" />[https://web.archive.org/web/20041117183908/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_32.html "Dr. (Mary) Alice Bennett"]. ''Changing The Face Of Medicine''. National Library of Medicine. Archived from [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_32.html the original] on November 17, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-08</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="DWS" /> == Ọnwụ == Bennett alụghị di ma ọlị. Ọ nwụrụ na ọrịa angina pectoris na ụlọ ọgwụ New York n'afọ 1925 ma e lie ya na Wrentham, Massachusetts.<ref name="DWS" /> == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == *   560tiwb30iw29y9j75etmln2tv0hd86 0 66974 692357 686908 2026-07-29T20:35:47Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692357 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Albert Moore Barrett.jpg|thumb|Albert Moore Barrett na 1906]] '''Albert Moore Barrett''', M.D. (1871-1936), onye dọkịta America, bụ prọfesọ nke ọrịa uche na Mahadum Michigan, ma bụrụ kwa onye a na-eto maka nguzobe ụlọ ọgwụ mbụ nke ọrịa uche n'ime mahadum. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Barrett na Julaị 15, na afo 1871, na Austin, Illinois, obu nwa nke onye ụkọchukwu Metọdist.<ref name="Hinsdale" /> Ọ gara Mahadum steeti nke Iowa, nweta Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) na afo1893 na nzere mmụta ahụike (M.D.) na afo 1895. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, site na afo1895 ruo afo 1897 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa na onye na-enyere dọkịta aka na ụlọ ọgwụ Iowa Steeti maka ndị isi mgbaka na nwere onwe. Tupu ọ gaa ọrụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'okpuru Adolph Meyer, onye isi, na-ahụ maka Ọrịa akwara, na Illinois Eastern Hospital maka ndị isi mgbaka na Kankakee, Illinois. Dị ka Meyer si kwuo, Barrett nwere mmasị ịmụta otu esi eme nchọpụta ozu na ịmụ maka Ụbụrụ mmadụ. N'afọ 1897, Barrett kwagara na ụlọ ọgwụ nke ndị isi mgbaka dị ṅa Steeti Worcester, Massachusetts dị ka osote dọkịta.<ref name="Finding aid">{{Cite web|author=Bentley Historical Library|title=Finding aid for the Albert M. Barrett papers, 1900-1937|url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/b/bhlead/umich-bhl-9766?view=text|work=Bentley Historical Library|publisher=University of Michigan|accessdate=26 July 2015}}</ref> N'afọ 1901-1902, Barrett gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Heidelberg na Germany, ya na Franz Nissl, Alois Alzheimer, na Emil Kraepelin rukoru ọrụ. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na mba United States, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote dọkịta na onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa na Danvers State Hospital (nke a makwaara dị ka State Lunatic Hospital na Danvers na State Insane Asylum) na Massachusetts, na 1905-1906 ọ bụ osote prọfesọ na neuropathology na Harvard Medical School. <ref name="Hinsdale" /> N'afọ 1906, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ sonye na Mahadum nke Michigan na ahụ maka arụ ike . <ref name="Hinsdale">{{Cite book|author=Hinsdale|first=B.A.|title=History of the University of Michigan|date=1906|publisher=University of Michigan|location=Ann Arbor, Michigan|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t07w71f76?urlappend=%3Bseq=350}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHinsdale1906">Hinsdale, B.A. (1906). [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t07w71f76?urlappend=%3Bseq=350 ''History of the University of Michigan'']. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan. p.&nbsp;330. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:[https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Floc.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft07w71f76?urlappend=%3Bseq=350 2027/loc.ark:/13960/t07w71f76].</cite></ref> William J. Henderson, onye isi, prọfesọ nke ọrịa akwara na nke uche, na-eme atụmatụ imeghe obere ụlọ ọgwụ ndị isi mgbaka ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke mahadum na usoro ahụike uche steeti. Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ọrịa Ọrịa Ọkụ nke Steeti ọhụrụ ahụ bụ iji nye nlekọta nke ndị ọrịa, yana maka ọmụmụ na nyocha na ọrịa ụbụrụ nke ọrịa uche. Ndị omeiwu steeti Michigan nyere ikike ilu ọrụ ahụ na afọ 1905, e meghere ya na 1906 na Barrett dị ka onye ntuzi aka Barrett bụ òtù n'ime ndị kwadọrọ ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ịsị mgbaka ndị na ele anya na ọrịa ịsị mgbaka bu nke nwere ike ịkwe ngwọta. nke na-eme ka a ghara ịtụ ndị isi mgbaka mkpọrọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ntaramahụhụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye ntụziaka nke State Psychopathic Hospital na Ann Arbor bụ nke pụrụ iche n'ọtụtụ akụkụ, ọkachasị na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa nke ndị na-adịghị njọ na ndị ọrịa ndị si na ụlọ abịa, (ya bu ndi ebighị na ụlọ ọgwụ ) ma ọ bụ ndị na-adịru nwa oge. Barrett hụrụ ihe nlereanya ya nke ụlọ ọgwụ na-arịa ọrịa uche dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na usoro ụlọ ọgwụ steeti dị ugbu a maka ndị isi mgbaka, ma kwenyere na usoro ụlọ ọrụ ahụike uche jikọtara ya na ụlọ ọgwụ dị n'ógbè ga-adị irè karịa ndokwa dị ugbu a, nke dị n'etiti, na steeti ọ bụla; ọ ga-enye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na ụlọ ikpe mpaghara na ụlọ ọrụ ọdịmma, ma hapụ ndị ọrịa ka ha nọrọ nso n'ụlọ mgbe ọ bụla o kwere omume.<ref name="Finding aid" /> == Ọrụ == Barrett, Albert "Nnyocha nke ụfọdụ Nsogbu Ụbụrụ na Mmerụ Ọrịa Ụbụrụ pụrụ iche A hụrụ na Cases of Pernicious Anemia," The Physician and Surgeon 35 (1913): 356-358. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} mvtev7jbv6gq7pc4sc5b4mxsswbokoq 0 66993 692618 514868 2026-07-30T11:47:48Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692618 wikitext text/x-wiki   Ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ọnọdụ ndụ dịka onwe onye si hụ (self-perceived quality-of-life scale) bụ ngwáọrụ nnyocha uche nke dabeere na echiche zuru oke nke ọnọdụ ndụ dịka onwe onye si hụ (Self-Percieved Quality of Life SPQL) ma na-enye ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke akụkụ ọdịmma ndị metụtara ahụike na ndị na-emetụtaghị ya. Ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ahụ aghọwo ngwáọrụ a na-ahọrọ maka nlekota ọnọdụ ndụ n'ime ụfọdụ ndị nwere nsogbu ahụike, dịka ọmụmaatụ, netwọk Positively Sound nabatara ya maka ụmụ nwanyị na-arịa HIV. Ọganihu nke Nsogbu uche nwere ike inwe mmetụta na ọtụtụ ngalaba nke ndụ mmadụ nke enwere ike inweta naanị site na nnyocha zuru oke. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụgwọ nke óké ịtụ ụ nwere ike belata egwu (nchịkọta ahụike uche), nke nwere ike iduga n'imeziwanye mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya (nchịkọta mmekọrịta mmadụ na mmadụ) na, n'aka nke ọzọ, ịrụ ọrụ, na-akpata mmụba nke ụgwọ ọrụ (nchịkọta ego). Ya mere, iji chọpụta ihe niile ọgwụgwọ na-apụta (dịka, maka ịtụ egwu), a chọrọ ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ zuru oke n'ọtụtụ ngalaba nke ndụ mmadụ. Ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ SPQL nwere ike inye ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ zuru oke dị otú ahụ. E mepụtara ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ahụ n'ụdị ji latrik arụ ọrụ. Ngwá ọrụ ahụ na-agbakọ akara na-akpaghị aka; nke a na-enye ohere maka usoro ọnụọgụ dị elu. Usoro ngụkọta na ịgụ ọnụ a na-akpaghị aka nyere ohere isoro usoro zuru oke maka ịtụle SPQL site n'ọtụtụ akụkụ. Usoro nwere akụkụ dị iche iche, n'aka nke ya, nyere nnyocha zuru oke nke ịdị irè nke itinye aka na ahụike uche (site na ime nnyocha tupu nakwa mgbe e mechara). Ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ahụ sitere na ngwakọta nke echiche ndị dị adị gụnyere: (a) ọdịmma onwe onye, (b) ógó dị iche iche nke ùtó, (c) ụdị dị iche iche nke mkpa mmadụ, (d) ógó ndụ, na (e) usoro nnyocha onwe onye gasị. Ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ahụ nwere akụkụ atọ: ọdịmma onwe onye, mmetụta dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma, na mmezu nke mkpa. Lee ihe osise dị n'okpuru ebe a. Ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ahụ nwere ike (a) ịchọpụta mmetụta ndị dị njọ ndị nwere ike ime site na ntinye aka n'ụdị mmetụta ụbụrụ maọbu mmetụta uche nke nwere ike ime n'ọtụtụ ngalaba nke ndụ mmadụ, (b) chọpụta ọbịbịa nke nzaghachi, (c) nye aka n'ịtụle ọganihu nke mgbake, (d) tụọ mmetụta nke ihe omume dị iche iche na-abụghị nke ụkpụrụ nke dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma (dịka, ịgba alụkwaghịm, mbuli-elu n'ọrụ, ịghọ nne maọbụ nna) na ndụ mmadụ n'òzùzù ya ma nyochaa usoro mmepe ha, (e) tụlee SPQL mmadụ n'oge ndụ ya, (f) ikwu maka ime n'ihu nke ịda mbà, nchegbu na ọnọdụ obi, yana (g) nwalee ịdị ìrè nke ntinye aka ga, ndị e bu n'obi na ha ga-emelite ọdịmma nakwa meziwanye ọnọdụ ndụ n'ógó otu onye Ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike uche nwere ike iji ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ a nyochaa ọganihu nke ọgwụgwọ. Nke a bakwara uru maka ndị ọrịa kwa n'ihi na ha onwe ha nwere ike iji akara mbụ ha tụnyere akara ha nwetara mgbe e tinyechaara ha aka. N'ihi na ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ahụ dị n'ịntanetị, ndị ọrịa nwere ike zazuo ajụjụ ndị ajụrụ ma oge ịnata ọgwụgwọ gachaa. A pụkwara iji ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ahụ mee ihe na ntọala ahụike iji nyochaa otú ọgwụgwọ ahụ si emetụta ndụ onye ọrịa n'ozuzu ya nakwa n'akụkụ ụfọdụ ka oge na-aga, yana ikwe ka a chọpụta mmetụta na-adịghị mma nke uche. Ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ahụ nwere ike ịba uru nye ndị na-ahụ maka ịnshọransị n'ihi na ọ ga-enye aka n'ịtụle ịdị irè nke itinye aka nke ahụike uche. == Echiche == Ọ dị mma ikwu na mmadụ niile chọrọ ibi ndụ dị mma. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe "ezi ndụ" pụtara nwere ike ịdịgasị iche site na ọdịbendị gaa na ọdịbendụ nakwa site n'otu onye gaa n'onye ọzọ, mpụtara a dị na gburugburu otu akụkụ nke ndụ n'ófè ọdịbendị gasị. Ihe dị iche iche n'ezie n'etiti ọdịbendị na ndị mmadụ gasị bụ Ọdịdị nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ndụ dị mma, uru ndị mmadụ na-ekwu na akụkụ ndị a bara, na ụzọ ndị mmadụ si atụle akụkụ ndị a nke ndụ dị mma. jrpeuyv4u1ue03a91neu8klxykhcenl 0 66994 692361 514870 2026-07-29T20:45:15Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albert Edward Scheflen''' (abalị iri na ise nke ọnwa November afọ 1920 ruo abalị iri na asaa nke ọnwa Ọgọọst afọ 1980) bụ onye dibia bekee na onye na-ahụ maka mmụọ nke Amerika nke ọmụmụ ihe gbasara kinesics na "nyocha ọnọdụ" nke mmekọrịta nyere aka guzobe nyocha nhazi nke nkwurịta okwu ihu na ihu.[1][2] Akwụkwọ ya, ọkachasị Asụsụ Body and the Social Order (1972), metụtakwara ọrụ mechara rụọ ọrụ na mmụta asụsụ, nkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ na ọgwụgwọ ezinụlọ. == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Scheflen na Camden County, New Jersey, n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1920. <ref name="Astrolabio">{{Cite web|title=Albert E. Scheflen|url=https://www.astrolabio-ubaldini.com/autore/24|work=Casa Editrice Astrolabio–Ubaldini|language=it}}</ref> O nwetara MD na Mahadum Pennsylvania wee gụchaa ọzụzụ psychoanalytic na Philadelphia Psychoanalytic Institute. <ref name="Springer">{{Cite book|author=Henry|first=Jessica S.|url=https://link.springer.com/rwe/10.1007/978-3-319-49425-8_773|title=Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy|publisher=Springer|date=10 October 2019|pages=2565–2566|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-49425-8_773|isbn=978-3-319-49423-4}}</ref> N'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye ọrụ ahụike na ndị agha mmiri mba United States . <ref name="Astrolabio" /> == Ọrụ == Mgbe o mebichara ya, Scheflen sonyeere ngalaba nkuzi ọrịa isi mgbaka na mahadum ahuike Temple, ebe site na 1956 o duuru otu ndi jiri ihe onyonyo onyonyo eme ihe iji sụọ ụzọ “usoro akụkọ ihe mere eme eke” maka nyocha mmekọrịta. <ref name="Springer1966">{{Cite book|author=Scheflen|first=Albert E.|chapter=Natural history method in psychotherapy: communicational research|editor=Gottschalk|title=Methods of Research in Psychotherapy|publisher=Springer|year=1966|pages=263–291|doi=10.1007/978-1-4684-6045-2_20|isbn=978-1-4684-6047-6|chapterurl=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-6045-2_20}}</ref> Akwụkwọ mbụ ya na usoro nkwukọrịta, nke e bipụtara na ''American Behavioral Scientist'', dọtara uche nke Ray Birdwhistell na Adam Kendon, <ref name="Springer" />Henry, Jessica S.; Scheflen, Albert (10 October 2019). [https://link.springer.com/rwe/10.1007/978-3-319-49425-8_773 ''Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy'']. Springer. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">2565–</span>2566. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49425-8_773|10.1007/978-3-319-49425-8_773]]. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-3-319-49423-4|<bdi>978-3-319-49423-4</bdi>]].</cite></ref> na na 1966-1967 o nwere mkpakọrịta na Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) iji mee ka ọ dị mma. <ref name="CASBS">{{Cite web|title=Albert E. Scheflen|url=https://casbs.stanford.edu/people/albert-e-scheflen|work=Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences|publisher=Stanford University}}</ref> Na ngwụcha afọ 1960, Scheflen ghọrọ prọfesọ nke ọrịa uche na kọleji ahụike nkeAlbert Einstein, na-eduzi nyocha banyere nkwurịta okwu mmadụ na Bronx Psychiatric Center. <ref name="Springer" /> N'ime afọ iri sochirinụ, ọ gbasaa nyocha ihe gbasara okwu n'akwụkwọ ''Communicational Structure'' (1973) na ''How Behavior Means'' (1974). <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.1974.131.4.476|title=Communicational Structure: Analysis of a Psychotherapy Transaction, by Albert E. Scheflen. M.D. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1973, 378 pp., $15.|first=Harley C.|author=Shands|date=April 3, 1974|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=131|issue=4|pages=476|doi=10.1176/ajp.1974.131.4.476}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1976.30.3.501a|title=How Behavior Means|first=Laurence P.|author=Ince|date=July 3, 1976|journal=American Journal of Psychotherapy|volume=30|issue=3|pages=501–502|doi=10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1976.30.3.501a}}</ref> == Ihe ndetu == 2p4luwz1biefcsht24ksjnkjmkqlzbe 0 67041 692619 515263 2026-07-30T11:47:52Z Sayvhior 13464 Fixed reference error/* Mmụta */ 692619 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvette Amice''' (4 June 1936 - 4 July 1993) bụ onye France na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ nke nyocha ya metụtara nkuzi ọnụ ọgụgụ na nyocha p-adic. Ọ bụ nwanyị nke abụọ onye isi oche nke Société mathématique de France. O dere akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na usoro ọnụọgụ p-adic, nke e bipụtara na 1975 na France. == Mmụta == Amice gụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na École normale supérieure de jeunes filles na Sèvres, malite na 1956 wee nweta agrégation ya na 1959. Ọ ghọrọ onye enyemaka na Faculté des Sciences de Paris ruo 1964, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate steeti n'okpuru nlekọta nke Charles Pisot. Ihe odide ya bụ Interpolation p-adique [p-adic interpolation].<ref name="bk" /><ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate ya, ọ ghọrọ maître de conférences na Mahadum nke Poitiers na mgbe ahụ, na 1966, prọfesọ na Mahadum nke Bordeaux. Ọ kụziri Cours Peccot na 1966.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Kosmann-Schwarzbach|first=Yvette|date=2015-09-02|title=Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|journal=BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics|volume=30|issue=3|pages=227–242|doi=10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|issn=1749-8430}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKosmann-Schwarzbach2015">Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Yvette (2015-09-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804 "Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century"]. ''BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics''. '''30''' (3): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>242. [[ArXiv (identifier)|arXiv]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[arxiv:1502.07597|1502.07597]]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|10.1080/17498430.2014.976804]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8430 1749-8430].</cite></ref> Ọ laghachiri na Poitiers na 1968 ma mgbe ahụ na 1970 ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị ọkachamara ntọala nke Paris Diderot University, ebe ọ bụ osote onye isi ala site 1978 ruo 1981. Ọ bụ director nke a seminarị na nọmba tiori na mahadum.<ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 1975, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Société mathématique de France . Ọ bụbu otu n'ime ndị osote onye isi oche atọ na ọha mmadụ na 1974, ọ bụkwa naanị nwanyị nọ na kansụl nwere mmadụ 25. Ọ bụ nwanyị nke abụọ onye isi oche nke ọha mmadụ, mgbe Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin gasịrị na 1952. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Kosmann-Schwarzbach|first=Yvette|date=2015-09-02|title=Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|journal=BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics|volume=30|issue=3|pages=227–242|doi=10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|issn=1749-8430}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKosmann-Schwarzbach2015">Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Yvette (2015-09-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804 "Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century"]. ''BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics''. '''30''' (3): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>242. [[ArXiv (identifier)|arXiv]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[arxiv:1502.07597|1502.07597]]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|10.1080/17498430.2014.976804]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8430 1749-8430].</cite></ref> Onye isi ala nwanyị nke atọ, Mireille Martin-Deschamps, enwetaghị ọrụ ahụ ruo 1988. <ref name=":0" /> Amice nwụrụ na 4 Julaị 1993 site na ọrịa kansa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Kosmann-Schwarzbach|first=Yvette|date=2015-09-02|title=Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|journal=BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics|volume=30|issue=3|pages=227–242|doi=10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|issn=1749-8430}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKosmann-Schwarzbach2015">Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Yvette (2015-09-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804 "Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century"]. ''BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics''. '''30''' (3): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>242. [[ArXiv (identifier)|arXiv]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[arxiv:1502.07597|1502.07597]]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|10.1080/17498430.2014.976804]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8430 1749-8430].</cite></ref> == Akwụkwọ nkuzi == Amice bụ onye dere akwụkwọ nkuzi na usoro nọmba p-adic, Les nombres p-adiques (Presses Universitaires de France, 1975). == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Amice, Yvette}} 5uspfga469qiy5vhb38pyrmsif471x1 692622 692619 2026-07-30T11:52:55Z Sayvhior 13464 /* Mmụta */ fixed reference errors 692622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvette Amice''' (4 June 1936 - 4 July 1993) bụ onye France na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ nke nyocha ya metụtara nkuzi ọnụ ọgụgụ na nyocha p-adic. Ọ bụ nwanyị nke abụọ onye isi oche nke Société mathématique de France. O dere akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na usoro ọnụọgụ p-adic, nke e bipụtara na 1975 na France. == Mmụta == Amice gụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na École normale supérieure de jeunes filles na Sèvres, malite na 1956 wee nweta agrégation ya na 1959. Ọ ghọrọ onye enyemaka na Faculté des Sciences de Paris ruo 1964, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate steeti n'okpuru nlekọta nke Charles Pisot. Ihe odide ya bụ Interpolation p-adique [p-adic interpolation].<ref name="bk">{{citation | last1 = Barsky | first1 = Daniel | last2 = Kahane | first2 = Jean-Pierre | issue = 61 | journal = Gazette des Mathématiciens | mr = 1289341 | pages = 83–87 | title = Yvette Amice (1936–1993) | url = http://smf4.emath.fr/Publications/Gazette/1994/61/smf_gazette_61_82-87.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129013539/http://smf4.emath.fr/Publications/Gazette/1994/61/smf_gazette_61_82-87.pdf |archive-date=29 November 2014 | year = 1994|url-status=dead}}.</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate ya, ọ ghọrọ maître de conférences na Mahadum nke Poitiers na mgbe ahụ, na 1966, prọfesọ na Mahadum nke Bordeaux. Ọ kụziri Cours Peccot na 1966.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Kosmann-Schwarzbach|first=Yvette|date=2015-09-02|title=Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|journal=BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics|volume=30|issue=3|pages=227–242|doi=10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|issn=1749-8430}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKosmann-Schwarzbach2015">Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Yvette (2015-09-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804 "Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century"]. ''BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics''. '''30''' (3): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>242. [[ArXiv (identifier)|arXiv]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[arxiv:1502.07597|1502.07597]]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|10.1080/17498430.2014.976804]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8430 1749-8430].</cite></ref> Ọ laghachiri na Poitiers na 1968 ma mgbe ahụ na 1970 ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị ọkachamara ntọala nke Paris Diderot University, ebe ọ bụ osote onye isi ala site 1978 ruo 1981. Ọ bụ director nke a seminarị na nọmba tiori na mahadum.<ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 1975, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Société mathématique de France . Ọ bụbu otu n'ime ndị osote onye isi oche atọ na ọha mmadụ na 1974, ọ bụkwa naanị nwanyị nọ na kansụl nwere mmadụ 25. Ọ bụ nwanyị nke abụọ onye isi oche nke ọha mmadụ, mgbe Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin gasịrị na 1952. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Kosmann-Schwarzbach|first=Yvette|date=2015-09-02|title=Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|journal=BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics|volume=30|issue=3|pages=227–242|doi=10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|issn=1749-8430}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKosmann-Schwarzbach2015">Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Yvette (2015-09-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804 "Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century"]. ''BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics''. '''30''' (3): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>242. [[ArXiv (identifier)|arXiv]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[arxiv:1502.07597|1502.07597]]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|10.1080/17498430.2014.976804]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8430 1749-8430].</cite></ref> Onye isi ala nwanyị nke atọ, Mireille Martin-Deschamps, enwetaghị ọrụ ahụ ruo 1988. <ref name=":0" /> Amice nwụrụ na 4 Julaị 1993 site na ọrịa kansa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Kosmann-Schwarzbach|first=Yvette|date=2015-09-02|title=Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|journal=BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics|volume=30|issue=3|pages=227–242|doi=10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|issn=1749-8430}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKosmann-Schwarzbach2015">Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Yvette (2015-09-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804 "Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century"]. ''BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics''. '''30''' (3): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>242. [[ArXiv (identifier)|arXiv]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[arxiv:1502.07597|1502.07597]]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|10.1080/17498430.2014.976804]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8430 1749-8430].</cite></ref> == Akwụkwọ nkuzi == Amice bụ onye dere akwụkwọ nkuzi na usoro nọmba p-adic, Les nombres p-adiques (Presses Universitaires de France, 1975). == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Amice, Yvette}} a1o83860gq1vmzu4tzwibcq3xzyvxtv 692623 692622 2026-07-30T11:53:39Z Sayvhior 13464 692623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yvette Amice''' (4 June 1936 - 4 July 1993) bụ onye France na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ nke nyocha ya metụtara nkuzi ọnụ ọgụgụ na nyocha p-adic. Ọ bụ nwanyị nke abụọ onye isi oche nke Société mathématique de France. O dere akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na usoro ọnụọgụ p-adic, nke e bipụtara na 1975 na France. == Mmụta == Amice gụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na École normale supérieure de jeunes filles na Sèvres, malite na 1956 wee nweta agrégation ya na 1959. Ọ ghọrọ onye enyemaka na Faculté des Sciences de Paris ruo 1964, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate steeti n'okpuru nlekọta nke Charles Pisot. Ihe odide ya bụ Interpolation p-adique [p-adic interpolation].<ref name="bk">{{citation | last1 = Barsky | first1 = Daniel | last2 = Kahane | first2 = Jean-Pierre | issue = 61 | journal = Gazette des Mathématiciens | mr = 1289341 | pages = 83–87 | title = Yvette Amice (1936–1993) | url = http://smf4.emath.fr/Publications/Gazette/1994/61/smf_gazette_61_82-87.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129013539/http://smf4.emath.fr/Publications/Gazette/1994/61/smf_gazette_61_82-87.pdf |archive-date=29 November 2014 | year = 1994|url-status=dead}}.</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate ya, ọ ghọrọ maître de conférences na Mahadum nke Poitiers na mgbe ahụ, na 1966, prọfesọ na Mahadum nke Bordeaux. Ọ kụziri Cours Peccot na 1966.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Kosmann-Schwarzbach|first=Yvette|date=2015-09-02|title=Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|journal=BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics|volume=30|issue=3|pages=227–242|doi=10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|issn=1749-8430}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKosmann-Schwarzbach2015">Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Yvette (2015-09-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804 "Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century"]. ''BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics''. '''30''' (3): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>242. [[ArXiv (identifier)|arXiv]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[arxiv:1502.07597|1502.07597]]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|10.1080/17498430.2014.976804]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8430 1749-8430].</cite></ref> Ọ laghachiri na Poitiers na 1968 ma mgbe ahụ na 1970 ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị ọkachamara ntọala nke Paris Diderot University, ebe ọ bụ osote onye isi ala site 1978 ruo 1981. Ọ bụ director nke a seminarị na nọmba tiori na mahadum.<ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 1975, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Société mathématique de France . Ọ bụbu otu n'ime ndị osote onye isi oche atọ na ọha mmadụ na 1974, ọ bụkwa naanị nwanyị nọ na kansụl nwere mmadụ 25. Ọ bụ nwanyị nke abụọ onye isi oche nke ọha mmadụ, mgbe Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin gasịrị na 1952. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Kosmann-Schwarzbach|first=Yvette|date=2015-09-02|title=Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|journal=BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics|volume=30|issue=3|pages=227–242|doi=10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|issn=1749-8430}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKosmann-Schwarzbach2015">Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Yvette (2015-09-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804 "Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century"]. ''BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics''. '''30''' (3): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>242. [[ArXiv (identifier)|arXiv]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[arxiv:1502.07597|1502.07597]]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|10.1080/17498430.2014.976804]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8430 1749-8430].</cite></ref> Onye isi ala nwanyị nke atọ, Mireille Martin-Deschamps, enwetaghị ọrụ ahụ ruo 1988. <ref name=":0" /> Amice nwụrụ na 4 Julaị 1993 site na ọrịa kansa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Kosmann-Schwarzbach|first=Yvette|date=2015-09-02|title=Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|journal=BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics|volume=30|issue=3|pages=227–242|doi=10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|issn=1749-8430}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKosmann-Schwarzbach2015">Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Yvette (2015-09-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17498430.2014.976804 "Women mathematicians in France in the mid-twentieth century"]. ''BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics''. '''30''' (3): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>242. [[ArXiv (identifier)|arXiv]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[arxiv:1502.07597|1502.07597]]</span>. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17498430.2014.976804|10.1080/17498430.2014.976804]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8430 1749-8430].</cite></ref> == Akwụkwọ nkuzi == Amice bụ onye dere akwụkwọ nkuzi na usoro nọmba p-adic, Les nombres p-adiques (Presses Universitaires de France, 1975). == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Amice, Yvette}} h4m17036ckim450wv5bfpg1mgik5xbb 0 67124 692352 674464 2026-07-29T20:25:57Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692352 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Dr. Alain Manceau.jpg|thumb|Alain Manceau]]   '''Alain Manceau''', Amụrụ na Septemba 19, 1955, bụ onye France na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na biogeochemist. A maara ya maka nyocha ya na nhazi na mmeghachi omume nke nanoparticulate iron na manganese oxides na ụrọ mineral, na kemịkalụ kristal nke ọla dị iche iche na ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa, yana na nhazi biogeochemistry nke mercury na sistemu eke, anụmanụ, na [[Madụ̀|ụmụ mmadụ]]. == Akụkọ ndụ == N'afọ 1993, o guzobere na mmekorita ya na Victor Drits ihe nrụzi maka ferrihydrite dabere na nhazi nke usoro mgbasa X-ray.[1] Ekwenyere ihe nlereanya a na 2002 site na Rietveld ndozigharị nke ụkpụrụ neutron diffraction, [2] na na 2014 site na ịme anwansị nke ọrụ nkesa ụzọ abụọ a tụrụ site na mgbasa X-ray ike dị elu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jansen|first=E.|date=2002|title=The structure of six-line ferrihydrite|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s003390101175|journal=Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing|volume=74|issue=|pages=s1004–s1006|doi=10.1007/s003390101175|issn=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Manceau|first=Alain|date=2013|title=Short-range and long-range order of phyllomanganate nanoparticles determined using high-energy X-ray scattering|journal=Journal of Applied Crystallography|volume=46|issue=|pages=193–209|doi=10.1107/s0021889812047917|issn=}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:D-MnO2_HRTEM_image.jpg|thumb|Onyonyo eletrọn nke δ-MnO ₂ nanoparticles lere anya n'otu (a) na perpendicular (b) na ụgbọ elu oyi akwa. <ref name=":0" />{{Cite journal|author=Manceau|first=Alain|date=2013|title=Short-range and long-range order of phyllomanganate nanoparticles determined using high-energy X-ray scattering|journal=Journal of Applied Crystallography|volume=46|issue=|pages=193–209|doi=10.1107/s0021889812047917|issn=}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFManceauMarcusGrangeonLanson2013">Manceau, Alain; Marcus, Matthew A.; Grangeon, S.; Lanson, M.; Lanson, B.; Gaillot, A.-C.; Skanthakumar, S.; Soderholm, L. (2013). "Short-range and long-range order of phyllomanganate nanoparticles determined using high-energy X-ray scattering". ''Journal of Applied Crystallography''. '''46''': <span class="nowrap">193–</span>209. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1107/s0021889812047917|10.1107/s0021889812047917]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56356250 56356250].</cite></ref>]] [[Faịlụ:DBi10_cylindrical_bent.jpg|thumb|Ọdịdị nke cylindrically gbagọrọ agbagọ nke δ-MnO₂ nanosheet.<ref name=":0" />{{Cite journal|author=Manceau|first=Alain|date=2013|title=Short-range and long-range order of phyllomanganate nanoparticles determined using high-energy X-ray scattering|journal=Journal of Applied Crystallography|volume=46|issue=|pages=193–209|doi=10.1107/s0021889812047917|issn=}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFManceauMarcusGrangeonLanson2013">Manceau, Alain; Marcus, Matthew A.; Grangeon, S.; Lanson, M.; Lanson, B.; Gaillot, A.-C.; Skanthakumar, S.; Soderholm, L. (2013). "Short-range and long-range order of phyllomanganate nanoparticles determined using high-energy X-ray scattering". ''Journal of Applied Crystallography''. '''46''': <span class="nowrap">193–</span>209. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1107/s0021889812047917|10.1107/s0021889812047917]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56356250 56356250].</cite></ref>]] Mercury (Hg) bụ ihe mmetọ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na isi mmalite ndị sitere n'okike, dị ka mgbawa mgbawa na ọkụ ọhịa, na ihe omume mmadụ, dị ka mgbanaka coal, Ngwuputa ọla edo, na ọkụ nke mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ. N'ime [[Nri yinye|ụdọ]] mmiri mmiri na nke ụwa, mercury na-agbakọta dị ka methylmercury (MeHg), nsị dị ike nke na-emetụta ọrụ ụbụrụ anụmanụ na nke mmadụ na usoro ọmụmụ. Ịghọta usoro nsị nke MeHg n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ dị mkpa maka ichekwa anụ ọhịa na [[Madụ̀|ụmụ mmadụ]], na ịmepụta ọgwụgwọ megide nsị mercury . == Mbipụta == Manceau ebipụtala ihe karịrị akwụkwọ sayensị 200 n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ Sayensị Citation Index nke na-achịkọta ihe karịrị 24,000 ngụkọ ma na-enweta h-index karịa 90.[1] Na 2020, a họọrọ ya 111th n'ime ngụkọta nke ndị nyocha 70,197 na Geochemistry/Geophysics na ọmụmụ bibliometric nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke Mahadum Stanford dabere na nchekwa data Elsevier Scopus. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ioannidis|first=John P. A.|date=2020|title=Updated science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators|journal=PLOS Biology|volume=18|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000918|pmid=33064726|issn=}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == * 1989, Nrite Ọla, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) * 2002, Onye otu nke Mineralogical Society of America (MSA). <ref>{{Cite web|title=List of MSA fellows|url=http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/Awards/fellowslist.html}}</ref> * 2003, Brindley nkuzi, The Clay Minerals Society (CMS). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Recipients of the George W. Brindley Clay Science Lecture award|url=https://www.clays.org/awards_brindley_lecture/#:~:text=Award%20Description,and%20involved%20in%20innovative%20research.}}</ref> * 2006, George Brown nkuzi, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain na Ireland (MinSoc). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Recipients of the George Brown Lecture award|work=Mineralogical Society of the UK and Ireland|url=https://wwwdev.minersoc.org/cmg-brown.html|accessdate=2025-11-03|archivedate=2025-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619094828/https://wwwdev.minersoc.org/cmg-brown.html}}</ref> * 2010, Nrite Silver, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS). * 2011, EcoX [[:fr:Équipex|Équipex]] Grant. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Equipex projects at ESRF|url=https://www.esrf.fr/news/general/ESRF-partner-French-excellency}}</ref> * 2022, onye ahọpụtara na Academia Europaea . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Europe: Manceau Alain|url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Manceau_Alain|work=www.ae-info.org}}</ref> * 2022, European Research Council Advanced Grant. <ref>{{Cite web|title=List of ERC Grantees at ESRF|url=https://www.esrf.fr/home/UsersAndScience/erc-at-the-esrf.html}}</ref> * 2022, ES&amp;amp;T 2021 Akwụkwọ kacha mma. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zimmerman|first=Julie Beth|title=The 2021 ES&T Best Paper Awards: Nevertheless, We Persisted|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|date=15 November 2022|volume=56|issue=22|pages=15179–15181|doi=10.1021/acs.est.2c07931|language=en|issn=0013-936X}}</ref> * 2023, Léon Lutaud Price na Georges Millot Medal, [[:fr:Académie des sciences (France)|Académie des sciences (France)]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Prix thématiques de l'Académie des Sciences, relatifs aux Sciences de l'univers|url=http://aramis.obspm.fr/prix/|accessdate=2025-11-03|archivedate=2021-10-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031092141/http://aramis.obspm.fr/prix/}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] sum0dy5mc7l1ehmx9i2w1iudxrrb02k 0 67150 692429 516493 2026-07-30T01:51:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692429 wikitext text/x-wiki Zena Tooze (amụrụ 3 Mee n'afọ 1955) bụ onye Canada na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ na nchekwa nchekwa nke rụrụ ọrụ na Nigeria na mpaghara nchekwa primate kemgbe afọ 1991. Ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na Biology site na Mahadum Dalhousie, Halifax, Nova Scotia n'afọ 1987. N'afọ 2005 ọ nwetara ihe nrite Whitley maka nchekwa nchekwa okike kacha mma.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2004-12-31|title=Primate communities in Cross River State, Nigeria|url=https://whitleyaward.org/winners/primate-communities-cross-river-state-nigeria/|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=Whitley Award|language=en-GB}}</ref> == CERCOPAN == N'afọ 1994 Tooze tọrọ ntọala Centre for Education, Research and Conservation of Primates and Nature (CERCOPAN) bụ otu anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, na-abụghị nke gọọmentị hiwere isi na Cross River Steeti, Nigeria. CERCOPAN bụ ọrụ ndozigharị na nchekwa maka anụ ọhịa dị egwu na nke nọ n'ihe egwu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya gụnyere nrụzigharị ụmụ enwe na-enweghị mgbei site n'ahịa anụ ọhịa. Ebumnuche CERCOPAN bụ ichekwa primates Naijiria site na nchekwa oke ọhịa na-adịgide adịgide, mmekorita obodo, agụmakwụkwọ, nhazigharị primate na nyocha. Ndị ọbịa CERCOPAN bụ Iko Esai bụ nke na-etinye aka na nkwado nkwado nke 200&nbsp;km² nke ọhịa na-agakọ na Ogige Ogige Cross River. Ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị enwe isii na-etinye aka na mmemme mmezi na nchekwa, gụnyere endemic Sclater's guenon, Preuss's guenon na guenon na-acha uhie uhie. N'ịbụ onye na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye isi CERCOPAN kemgbe afọ 1995, Tooze nyefere onye isi ọhụrụ na ọnwa January n'afọ 2009, site na mgbe ahụ ọ natara aha ọchịchị nke 'Founder and Trustee', onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta maka ọrụ ebere UK debanyere aha nke ọ tọrọ ntọala iji kwado ọrụ nchekwa na Nigeria (edenyere aha ya bụ Charity 1116955).&nbsp; == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20251204222909/https://www.cercopan.org/ CERCOPAN] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070724135046/http://www.whitleyaward.org/display.php?id=91 Ntinye WFN na Zena Tooze] {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tooze, Zena}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jpcfpy44r6dbs358hpoiboxzqzj3fjt 0 67186 692570 674870 2026-07-30T10:13:29Z Sylvaline39 15355 Added DEFAULTSORT 692570 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:FaustineFotso.jpg|thumb|Faustine Fotso]]   '''Honorable Faustine Villanneau Chebou Kamdem Fotso''' mụrụ na 12th nke June, n'afọ1965, bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị kọmputa, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, na ọkàiwu si Cameroon. == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2012, Fotso bụ osote onye isi obodo Baham nke mbụ, obodo dị na Western Cameroon. N'afọ 2013, a họpụtara ya MP na nzuko omeiwu mba, na-anọchite anya ugwu ugwu nke Mpaghara ọdịda anyawu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assnat.cm/index.php/en/members-of-parliament/current-legislative-period?start=60|title=Current Legislative Period : List of 180 members|website=www.assnat.cm|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-03-08}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>Ọ na-anọdụ na kọmitii iwu gbasara iwu ma bụrụ onye otu Cameroon People's Democratic Movement . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201611110862.html|title=Cameroun: Hon Fotso Faustine - " Nous voulons parler le langage de la vérité à Baham "|work=allAfrica.fr|accessdate=2018-03-08|language=fr}}</ref> == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ == Fotso dere akwụkwọ "Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na French na Cameroonian Law" na 2009 dị ka akụkụ nke Masters Programme nke International na Environmental Law na University of Limoges.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.memoireonline.com/11/09/2904/m_Etude-dimpact-environnemental-en-droit-franais-et-camerounais23.html#_Toc239438882|title=Memoire Online - Etude d'impact environnemental en droit français et camerounais - Faustine Villannaeau FOTSO CHEBOU KAMDEM|work=Memoire Online|accessdate=2018-03-08}}</ref> == Ọrụ ebere == Fotso bụ onye guzobere otu ọrụ ebere "ọkụ nke ịhụnanya, nke udo na ikpe ziri ezi" nke nwere nzukọ mmeghe ya na Septemba 20, n'afọ 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://camer.be/54983/11:1/cameroun-fotso-faustinenous-voulons-faire-bloc-pour-les-causes-humainesdans-les-hauts-plateaux-cameroon.html|title=Nous Voulons Faire Bloc Pour Les Causes Humaines|author=NSANGOU|first=MAMA|date=3 October 2016|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> == Onyinye == Na May 20, n'afọ 2016, e nyere Fotso ihe nrite ndị nkịtị n'ọkwa onye ọrụ nke usoro uru na 44th National Day of Unity of Unity na Baham.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://actucameroun.com/2016/05/26/cameroun-20-mai-2016-hauts-plateaux-fotso-fostine-vedette-baham-cameroon/|title=Cameroun, 20 Mai 2016 dans les Hauts-plateaux : Fotso Fostine en vedette en Baham :: CAMEROON|author=Cameroun|first=Actu|date=2016-05-26|work=Actu Cameroun|accessdate=2018-03-08|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Fotso lụrụ Lucas Fotso, onye nduzi mpaghara maka ụlọ ọrụ eletrik Cameroon Aes Sonel Littoral . Ha nwere ụmụ ise ọnụ. == Edemsibia == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Fotso, Faustine [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] s2krkr1u6z09d5wfdgt8dofin85mamd 0 67964 692344 687061 2026-07-29T19:58:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wendy Foden''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka nchekwa ihe ndị dị ndụ, nke a maara nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na Mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọnwụ nke ụdị dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Marris|first=Emma|date=23 October 2008|title=Pre-emptive strike: outwitting extinction|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=1|issue=811|pages=140–141|doi=10.1038/climate.2008.114}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Mgbe ọ na-agụcha akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu na Mahadum Cape Town (2001), ọ chọpụtara ụkpụrụ [[latitude]] nke anwụ anwụ nke osisi quiver (Aloidendron dichotomum) na-atụ aro na mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike ịta ụta. Ọ natara ego iji gaa n'ihu na ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ na Guy Midgley na South African National Biodiversity Institute <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sanbi.org/|title=Home|publisher=SANBI|date=|accessdate=2013-08-18|archivedate=2011-09-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901083818/http://www.sanbi.org/}}</ref> na Cape Town. Foden jiri ihe ka ukwuu n'afọ 2001-2003 nyochaa Osisi Quiver na [[Namibia]] na mpaghara ala kpọrọ nkụ nke ọdịda anyanwụ South Africa ma guzobe nlekota ogologo oge iji soro mgbanwe. Ihe nchoputa ya gosiputara uzo doro anya nke onu ogugu onwu site na ndida (poleward) gaa n'ebe ugwu (n'ebe etiti) na site na elu ruo n'ebe dị ala, na-atụ aro na ụdị ahụ na-emeghachi omume na mgbanwe pole na ihu igwe ya kwesịrị ekwesị, mana na colonization na njedebe dị n'ihu na-egbu oge. E bipụtara nnyocha ahụ na 2007 ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ n'oge ya iji dekọọ mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na osisi, usoro okike kpọrọ nkụ ma ọ bụ n'Africa.<ref name="nau"> {{Cite journal|url=http://www7.nau.edu/mpcer/direnet/publications/publications_f/files/Foden-2007.pdf|date=10 August 2007|doi=10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00391.x|journal=Diversity and Distributions|volume=13|issue=5|pages=645–653|title=A changing climate is eroding the geographical range of the Namib Desert tree Aloe through population declines and dispersal lags|accessdate=2014-06-12|author=Foden|first=Wendy}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ bụ isi ihe a na-elekwasị anya na TVE Documentary, "All of a quiver", nke gosipụtara na BBC World n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6572957.stm|title=Climate threat has plants quivering|publisher=BBC News|date=2007-04-20|accessdate=2013-08-18}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Site na 2003 ruo 2007 Foden duziri South African National Biodiversity Institute's Threatened Species Programme, <ref name="sanbi1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sanbi.org/biodiversity/building-knowledge/biodiversity-monitoring-assessment/threatened-species-programme/|title=Threatened Species Programme|publisher=SANBI|date=2013-05-24|accessdate=2013-08-18}}</ref> nke dị na Pretoria. N'ime ikike a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na-eduga n'ịwube mmemme ntule atlasing na nchekwa maka osisi,[1] anụ ufe, [2] butterflies[3] na arachnids.[4] O hibere akwukwo maka nyocha postgraduate banyere umu egwu egwu wee jee ozi dika onye isi oche nke IUCN Species Survival Commission Southern African Plant Specialist Group. N'afọ 2007, Foden kwagara United Kingdom iji sonye na [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] Global Species Programme, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/|title=Species|publisher=IUCN|date=|accessdate=2013-08-18}}</ref> nke dị na Cambridge. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iucn.org/what/experts/?6395/Leading-a-preemptive-strike|title=Leading a preemptive strike|publisher=IUCN|date=2010-10-28|accessdate=2013-08-18|archivedate=2013-05-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512014537/http://iucn.org/what/experts/?6395/Leading-a-preemptive-strike}}</ref> Na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị sitere na IUCN Species Survival Commission, ọ mepụtara usoro iji nyochaa ihe dị iche iche na-emetụta [[Adịghị ike mgbanwe ihu igwe|Mgbanwe ihu igwe]] nke na-agụnye imepụta ụdị ọ bụla na-ebu amụma maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na inyocha àgwà ndị dị ndụ nke nwere ike ime ka ha dịkwuo ma ọ bụ ghara ịdị ngwa ma nwee ike ime mgbanwe ndị a. N'akwụkwọ e bipụtara n'afọ 2013, Foden na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-akọwa usoro ahụ na itinye ya n'ọrụ na nnụnụ niile, anụmanụ na-ebi n'ala na coral.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Identifying the World's Most Climate Change Vulnerable Species: A Systematic Trait-Based Assessment of all Birds, Amphibians and Corals|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=6|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0065427|year=2013|author=Foden|first=Wendy B.|pmid=23950785}}</ref> Nnyocha ahụ na-egosipụta ụdị dị n'ìgwè ndị a nọ n'ihe ize ndụ kachasị elu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na-akpata mkpochapụ, yana mpaghara ebe ha lekwasịrị anya. Nnyocha ahụ na-eji mgbanwe ihu igwe nke ụdị na ihe ize ndụ ha nke mkpochapụ na IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ma na-eme ka ihe kachasị mkpa na ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa maka nchekwa pụta ìhè. Foden na ndị otu ya tinyekwara usoro ahụ na mpaghara na-elekwasị anya na nyocha mgbanwe ihu igwe na Albertine Rift nke East na Central Africa, West Africa na Madagascar. Foden na-arụ ọrụ dịgasị iche iche iji mee ka a mara banyere mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere site na okwu na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe. N'afọ 2009, o duziri akụkọ ọha na eze na nkwupụta mgbasa ozi nke akpọrọ 'Ten New Climate Change Flagships: More Than Just the Polar Bear' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/our_work/climate_change___species/climate_change_species_projects_initiatives/species_and_climate_change_more_than_just_the_polar_bear/|title=Species and Climate Change:More than just the Polar Bear|publisher=IUCN|date=|accessdate=2013-08-18}}</ref> na 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi ọbịa na Mahadum nke Cambridge Conservation Leadership MPhil course na afọ 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geog.cam.ac.uk/graduate/mphil/conservation/|title=Geography Department|publisher=Geog.cam.ac.uk|date=|accessdate=2013-08-18}}</ref> Foden abụwo onye otu kọmitii na-eduzi IUCN Species Survival Commission Climate Change Specialist Group ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ma bụrụkwa onye nlekọta nke Environment Africa Trust. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iucn-ccsg.org/|title=IUCN SSC Climate Change Specialist Group homepage|publisher=Iucn-ccsg.org|date=|accessdate=2013-08-18|archivedate=2013-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815120450/http://iucn-ccsg.org/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.environmentafricatrust.org.uk/|title=Environment Africa Trust homepage|publisher=Environmentafricatrust.org.uk|date=|accessdate=2013-08-18|archivedate=5 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505193432/http://www.environmentafricatrust.org.uk/}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2016, Foden bụ onye isi oche nke IUCN SSC Òtù ọkachamara mgbanwe ihu igwe mgbe ndị otu ahụ mepụtara ntuziaka ọhụrụ maka ndị na-echekwa ihe, maka ịtụle ụdị dị iche iche na-emetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụkwa onye nchọpụta dị elu na Mahadum Stellenbosch, South Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucn.org/news/species-vulnerability-climate-change-new-guidelines|title=Species Vulnerability to Climate Change - New Guidelines|date=2016-09-04|work=|publisher=IUCN|accessdate=2016-12-14}}</ref> * BES Marsh Award maka nyocha mgbanwe ihu igwe (2020) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110901083818/http://www.sanbi.org/ Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ nke South Africa] * [http://www.iucn.org/ International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)] * [http://iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/who_we_are/about_the_species_survival_commission_/ IUCN Species Survival Commission] * [http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/ IUCN Global Species Programme] * {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGHNNKIRfkE|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502060522/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGHNNKIRfkE|archivedate=2016-05-02|title=Earth Report - All of a Quiver|publisher=YouTube|date=2009-01-14|accessdate=2013-08-18}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] kohg4d8fcyrrptpkppempvu6cw7cfyi 0 67999 692527 623266 2026-07-30T09:31:33Z Adimora chidinma 15845 Fixed reference error and removed broken files 692527 wikitext text/x-wiki A họpụtara '''Denise Sheer''' ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mmadụ na Ụlọ Ọrụ Sayensị na Queen Mary, Mahadum London na Nọvemba 2006. Akụkụ nka ya gụnyere mkpụrụ ndụ na molecular biology; ọrịa kansa na epigenetics; na ọrịa molecular nke ọrịa ụbụrụ ụmụaka. == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ == Sheer gụsịrị nzere BSc (Hons) na embryologna [[Agụmanụmanụ|zoology]] na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand, Johannesburg na afo 173, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ rụrụ na ụlọ nyocha cytogenetics nke South African ụlọ ọrụ nnyocha Ahụike ruo afọ abụọ.<ref name="ICMS">{{cite web |title=Professor Denise Sheer BSc (Hons). D.Phil. |url=http://www.icms.qmul.ac.uk/Profiles/Neuroscience/Sheer%20Denise.htm |website=Institute of Cell and Molecular Science |publisher=Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry |accessdate=19 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602223908/http://www.icms.qmul.ac.uk/Profiles/Neuroscience/Sheer%20Denise.htm |archivedate=2 June 2009 |location=The Wayback Machine |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ kwagara na ụlọ nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke Mahadum Oxford, ebe e nyere ya D.Phil. na af1980. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Imperial Cancer Research Fund (nke bụzi Cancer Research UK London Research Institute) wee bụrụ onye isi nke Human Cytogenetics Laboratory site na afo 1983 ruo 2006. N'ebe a, ọrụ ya gụnyere ịchọpụta nnukwu njehie mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'ọtụtụ ọrịa kansa na-emerụ ahụ ma mee nchọpụta dị oke egwu na chromosome architecture.{{R|ICMS}} N'ime afọ 2006, ya na ndị otu nyocha ya kwagara ụlọ ọrụ Blizard na étíti nke Genomics and Child Health na Barts na The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry . <ref name="Blizard">{{cite web |title=Sheer, Denise – Blizzard Institute |url=http://www.m.ibis-trials.org/staff/90-centre-for-genomics-and-child-health/378-sheer-denise.html |website=Blizzard Institute |publisher=Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry |accessdate=19 February 2019 |archive-date=20 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620180705/http://www.m.ibis-trials.org/staff/90-centre-for-genomics-and-child-health/378-sheer-denise.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nnyocha ọ na-eme ugbua bụ kwa nnwale ahụike na-amụ ọgwụgwọ nke ndị na-eto eto na-arịa Ọrịa glioma dị ala ugboro ugboro ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma, nke ga-emecha na 2020.<ref name="AstroSheer"> {{cite web |title=AstroFund – Sheer Research |url=http://www.astrofund.org.uk/sheerresearch.php |publisher=astrofund.org |accessdate=19 February 2019}} </ref> Otu ahụ natara onyinye Jeremy Jass maka ịdị mma na Pathology maka ọrụ a.<ref name="Astro"> {{cite web |title=AstroFund – Research |url=http://www.astrofund.org.uk/research.php |publisher=astrofund.org |accessdate=19 February 2019}} </ref> [[Faịlụ:Glioma.gif|thumb|Glioma nke akụkụ aka ekpe parietal. CT scan na-eme ka ọdịiche dị mma.]] Sheer nwe kwaru akwụkwọ 273 na ntinye 11,000 edepụtara na ResearchGate na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ntinye 15,000 edepụtara na Google Scholar. Ọrụ Sheer na ndị otu ya nwetare ego site na nke Brain Tumour Charity kemgbe 2013 ma merie Onyinye Ntinye Aka Nnyocha na nke Brain Pumour Charité Celebrating You Awards <ref name="YouTubeInt"> {{cite AV media | people = The Brain Tumour Charity| date = March 2013| title = Professor Denise Sheer, March 2013 – YouTube| medium = YouTube| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdJFvLRFCcw| access-date = 19 February 2019}} </ref><ref name="YouTubeAward"> {{cite AV media | people = The Brain Tumour Charity | date = 27 June 2018| title = The Research Engagement Award – Professor Denise Sheer – YouTube| medium = YouTube| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6U_C2fR4J20| access-date = 19 February 2019}} </ref> == Edemsibia == <nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> * Denise Sheermbipụta ndị edepụtara site naOnye Ọkà mmụta Google * Publications by Denise SheernaResearchGate * Denise SheernaTwitter * [http://science.cancerresearchuk.org/research/loc/london/queen_marys_ms/asheerd Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Cancer Research UK] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sheer, Denise}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] iati1fhncqjs73qyjdvxi1z3o4cpufz 0 68023 692620 525414 2026-07-30T11:48:30Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692620 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Illtyd Buller Pole-Evans</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" | <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1879-09-03</span>)</span> 3 Septemba 1879<div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">Llanmaes, Wales</div><br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nwụrụ | class="infobox-data" |16 Ọktoba 1968 <span style="display:none">(1968-10-16)</span> (afọ 89) <div class="deathplace" style="display:inline">[[Umtali]], [[Rhodesia]]</div>&nbsp;<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alma mater&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |[[University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire|Mahadum nke South Wales na Monmouthshire]], [[Cambridge University|Mahadum Cambridge]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nwunye | class="infobox-data" |Mary R.H. Thompson |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Onyinye | class="infobox-data" |[[Order of St Michael and St George|Usoro nke St Michael na St George]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Ọrụ sayensị''' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ubi | class="infobox-data category" |Onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Onye edemede dị mkpirikpi. (ihe ọkụkụ) <nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |Pole-Evans |} {{Clear}}'''Illtyd Buller Pole-Evans''' CMG (3 Septemba 1879 - 16 Ọktoba 1968) bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ nke South Africa a mụrụ na Welsh.[1] Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-asụpụta aha mbụ ya '''Iltyd'''. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Pole-Evans na Llanmaes na Vale nke Glamorgan, nwa onye ụkọchukwu Anglican, Daniel Evans na Caroline Jane Pole. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum College nke South Wales na Monmouthshire, nweta akara ugo mmụta BSc na 1903 wee gaa Cambridge ebe ọ gụrụ mycology na pathology osisi n'okpuru Harry Marshall Ward FRS, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta MA na 1905. A họpụtara Pole-Evans dị ka ọkachamara n'ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ọkachamara n'ọrịa osisi, o sonyeere Burtt Davy na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo Transvaal nke e guzobere ọhụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na Pole-Evans nwere ụlọ nyocha kachasị ọhụrụ, o tinyere usoro nyocha ma malite ịmepụta ọrụ ebipụtara mgbe niile. O weghaara Ngalaba Mycology na Plant Pathology na 1912, nke mechara bụrụ akụkụ nke Ngalaba Botany na Plant Pathology. Mgbe ọ biri na Pretoria, Pole-Evans tụgharịrị uche ya gaa n'osisi bara ụba nke obodo ya ma họrọ Aloes maka nlebara anya pụrụ iche. O chịkọtara nnukwu mkpokọta ma guzobe osisi ndị ahụ n'ala nke Ngalaba ahụ. O kọwara ụfọdụ ụdị Aloe ọhụrụ na Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. nke 1915 na 1917. Na afọ 1916, ntiwapụ nke ọrịa citrus canker yiri egwu imebi ụlọ ọrụ citrus na Transvaal. Pole-Evans haziri usoro ihe omume siri ike nke kpọrọ oku ka e kpochapụ ubi mkpụrụ osisi na ụlọ akwụkwọ na-ebute ọrịa. Ntinye aka a n'oge zọpụtara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Na oge njem ya na ebe ndịda Afrịka, ọ chịkọtara foto na data gbasara ụdị ahịhịa dị iche iche nke mpaghara ahụ. Nke a dugara na akụkọ mbido akpọrọ "The Plant Geography of South Africa", ebe ọ ghọtara mpaghara botanical 19, nke ọ bụla nwere njirimara gburugburu ebe obibi pụrụ iche. Nchịkọta ya, ya na map ahịhịa 1:3,000,000, nọgidere na-abụ ọrụ ntụaka ruo mgbe usoro Acocks dochiri ya na 1953. Ọ malitere Kọmitii ndụmọdụ nke nyocha osisi nke dugara na mbipụta nke Botanical Survey Memoirs, nke pụtara na 1919. O webatara okooko osisi nke South Africa na 1920 na ''Bothalia'' na 1921. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-amasị ya ogologo oge bụ ahịhịa ahịhịhịa, ọ nyekwara aka n'ịchịkọta na iwebata ọtụtụ n'ime ha na South Africa site n'ebe dị iche iche na mpaghara kọntinent ahụ. A zụlitere ahịhịa ndị a ma nwalee ha na Prinshof na Rietondale Experiment Stations. N'afọ 1930, Pole-Evans sonyeere John Hutchinson na Jan Smuts na njem ọnwa abụọ site na Southern na Northern Rhodesia gaa Nyasaland na Lake Tanganyika. O mere njem dị elu karị na 1938 na oku nke gọọmentị [[Kenya]]. Na ụlọ ọrụ . J. J. van Rensburg, onye agrostologist, na J. Erens, onye na-anakọta osisi na mkpụrụ, ọ malitere njem ọnwa anọ nke kpuchiri ihe dị ka kilomita 20,000 (12,000 mi). Na njem a, ha gafere Southern Rhodesia na Tanganyika gaa Kenya, na-aga n'ebe ugwu dị ka ókèala [[Sudan]] na Abyssinia, na-alaghachi site na [[Uganda]], Ruwenzoris na Belgian Congo. E bipụtara akụkọ ya banyere njem a na Botanical Survey Memoir No. 22 nke 1948. N'oge ọrụ ya, '''<span class="vcard"><span class="fn n"><span class="nickname">Pole-Evans</span></span></span>''' chịkọtara nke ukwuu na ndịda Afrịka ma kpuchie Belgian Congo, Kenya, Tanganyika, Northern Rhodesia, Bechuanaland Protectorate, South Africa na Southern Rhodesia. Enwere ike ịchọta nchịkọta ya na A, B, BOL, BR, E, EA, GRA, K, L, MO, P, PRE, S, SRGH na US. [nkọwa dị mkpa] A na-eji mkpirisi onye edemede Pole-Evans egosi onye ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ a mgbe ọ na-ezo aka na aha ihe ọkụkụ. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Brummitt|first=R. K.|title=Authors of Plant Names|publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]|year=1992|isbn=1-84246-085-4}}</ref> Nraranye ya na botany na ọrụ nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo, setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ dị elu maka ọgbọ dum nke ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ nke South Africa, na-akpali mmụba na-enweghị atụ na sayensị botanical nke mba ahụ. National Herbarium, nke malitere na obere nchịkọta nke [[Joseph Burtt Davy|Burtt Davy]], toro ngwa ngwa site na nnweta nke nchịkọta nke [[Ernest Edward Galpin]], Anna Dieterlen (1859-1945), Henry George Flanagan (1861-1919), [[Rudolf Marloth]], [[Alice Pegler]] (1861-1929), William Tyson (1851-1920) na Briophytes nke [[Thomas Robertson Sim]]. Pole-Evans nyere aka n'ịgbasawanye Dongola Reserve nke e mepụtara na Northern Transvaal n'afọ 1920, Gọọmentị ọhụrụ nke 1948 wepụrụ ya. N'afọ 1955, ọ lara ezumike nká na Umtali na Rhodesia, ebe ọ gara n'ihu na-anakọta ihe ọkụkụ ya.  Pole-Evans nwụrụ na Umtali, Rhodesia, mgbe ọ dị afọ 89. == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ lụrụ Mary R.H. Thompson MSc (London) na 1922, afọ atọ mgbe ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ ya dị ka mycologist. == Ihe Nketa == A na-echeta Pole-Evans site na ụdị ahịhịa Polevansia De Winter, na ọtụtụ aha dịka ''Aloe pole-evansii'', Dinteranthus pole-evensii, Gladiolus pole-ewansii wdg, yana Mpịakọta 20 nke Flowering Plants of South Africa. A na-akpọ ''Scadoxus pole-evansii'' aha nwa ya nwoke, Reginald.  {{Reflist}} === Ndị otu, nsọpụrụ na onyinye ===  {{Authority control}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Works by Illtyd Buller Pole-EvansnaỌrụ Gutenberg [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ na afọ 1879]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bob6wzkxdkfbtwn2vigjtb6lhn7hhm1 0 71283 692317 537721 2026-07-29T19:09:52Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT 692317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Felix Chiedu Odimegwu''', Ph.D (amụrụ na Machị 20, 1976) bụ injinia na-ahụ maka ihe ndị na-agba agba, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2014-09-11|title=Engr. Felix Chiedu Odimegwu|url=https://dmgsclass94.wordpress.com/engr-felix-chiedu-odimegwu/|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=dmgsclass94|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ kọmishọna na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na steeti Anambra ugbua. <ref>{{Cite web|author=danivert|date=2023-08-07|title=Anambra govt reaffirms priority to clean environment|url=https://thesun.ng/anambra-govt-reaffirms-priority-to-clean-environment/|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mubarak|first=Ganiyu|date=2025-06-19|title=Repaint your houses, Anambra directs residents {{!}}|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/repaint-your-houses-anambra-directs-residents/|accessdate=2025-11-19|work=The Eagle Online|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Reporter|first=Our|date=2024-08-22|title=Anambra, stakeholders affirm commitment to sustainable waste management|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/anambra-stakeholders-affirm-commitment-to-sustainable-waste-management/|accessdate=2025-11-20|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Ndụ Mbido na Agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Felix nye Chief Sir Felix Odimegwu na Lady Grace Odimegwu n'[[Onịchạ|Onitsha]], Anambra steeti. Ọ bụ nwa nke ise n'ezinụlọ ụmụ itoolu. Ọ gara All Saints Primary School na Dennis Memorial Grammar School (DMGS), ha niile dịcha na Onitsha, Anambra State.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ gara n'ihu iji nweta akara ugo mmụta na Injinia Ihe ndị na-agba agba site na Mahadum Bayero Kano, na-agụsị akwụkwọ na klas nke abụọ, ngalaba dị elu. Ọzọkwa, ọ nwetara nzere M.Sc na Ph.D, ha niile na Injinịa Ihe ndị na-agba agba site na Mahadum Nnamdi Azikiwe, Awka Anambra State. == Ọrụ == Tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Odimegwu rụrụ ọrụ na-aga nke ọma dị ka onye ọchụnta ego na onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na Anambra Steeti. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi oche nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, gụnyere Omus Oil Ltd., Dover Industries Ltd., na Omus Properties and Estates, na-elekwasị anya na mmanụ, mmepụta ihe, na ala na ihe owuwu.<ref name=":0" />{ == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Odimegwu banyere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nke mbụ na-eje ozi dị ka Onye isi oche nke ndị nhazi maka Senator Andy Uba (Anambra South Senatorial Zone) ma na-achọ oche n'ụlọ nzukọ omeiwu Anambra Steeti. Nke a gara n'ihu ruo 2022, mgbe Prọfesọ Charles Soludo gọvanọ nke Anambra Steeti họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Kọmishọna nke gburugburu ebe obibi, Anambra Steet.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2022-04-20|title=Soludo appoints eight more officials into his administration|url=https://guardian.ng/news/soludo-appoints-eight-more-officials-into-his-administration/|accessdate=2025-11-20|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNigeria2022">Nigeria, Guardian (2022-04-20). [https://guardian.ng/news/soludo-appoints-eight-more-officials-into-his-administration/ "Soludo appoints eight more officials into his administration"]. ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-11-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ihe Ndị Dị Mkpa Ọ rụzuru Dị ka Kọmishọna nke Gburugburu Ebe Obibi == * Ọ malitere "All Anambra Communities Plastic Waste Recovery Challenge" (site na 2023 ma ka na-aga n'ihu), na-elekwasị anya na tọn puku iri nke ihe mkpofu plastik n'obodo òtù narị na iri asaa na itoolu dị na Anambra Steeti iji kwalite iji imegharịa ihe, ịkepụta ọrụ, na nhicha gburugburu ebe obibi <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-06|title=Anambra Govt Targets Greater Stakeholders’ Involvement In Waste Management With Plastic Waste Recovery Challenge – The News Chronicle|url=https://thenews-chronicle.com/anambra-govt-targets-greater-stakeholders-involvement-in-waste-management-with-plastic-waste-recovery-challenge/|accessdate=2025-11-20|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Reporter|first=Our|date=2024-08-22|title=Anambra, stakeholders affirm commitment to sustainable waste management|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/anambra-stakeholders-affirm-commitment-to-sustainable-waste-management/|accessdate=2025-11-20|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> * N'afọ 2025, ọ duuru ndị nnọchi anya gaa Netherlands maka "Netherlands-Nigeria Innovation Exchange" iji nabata teknụzụ nchịkwa ihe mkpofu ọgbaraọhụrụ dị elu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Samuel|first=Omowumi|date=2025-08-03|title=Anambra Joins Dutch Circular Economy Mission to Tackle Waste|url=https://von.gov.ng/anambra-joins-dutch-circular-economy-mission-to-tackle-waste/|accessdate=2025-11-20|work=Voice of Nigeria Broadcasting Service|language=en-US}}</ref> * O kụjụrụ egwu mbuze na-akpa n'obodo otu narị na iri isii n'ime obodo otu narị na iri asaa na itoolu nke Anambra site na mmemme obodo yana nzaghachi ngwa ngwa n'okpuru Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP). O kwupụtakwara mgbukpọ ọhịa, igbutu osisi n'ebughị ụzọ kụọ ọzọ, na ịgba ọhịa ọkụ dị ka mpụ dị njọ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Ovat|first=Michael|date=2023-12-18|title=160 out of 179 Anambra communities threatened by erosion — Commissioner|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/160-out-of-179-anambra-communities-threatened-by-erosion-commissioner/|accessdate=2025-11-20|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nasir|first=Lantana|date=2025-10-07|title=Environment Ministry Commends Anambra’s Climate Initiatives|url=https://von.gov.ng/environment-ministry-commends-anambras-climate-initiatives/|accessdate=2025-11-20|work=Voice of Nigeria Broadcasting Service|language=en-US}}</ref> * O malitere atụmatụ ndị dị ka "Dobe Okija Ọcha" (2025) na mmekorita ya na ndị NGO dị ka Obijackson Foundation, na-enye ụgbọala na iwere ndị na-ázà okporo ụzọ n'ọrụ. Ya na ndị mkpaọchị na ndị isi obodo rụkọkwara ọrụ maka mkpọsa mmata banyere ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi. Nke kachasị mkpa, o nyere ndị bi n'obodo ukwu dịka (Onitsha, Awka, Nnewi) ntụziaka ka ha tegharịa ụlọ ndị mebirila maọbụ ndị merela ochie ágbá malite na Julaị 2025 n'okpuru Iwu Nchịkwa Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Anambra State 2024 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mubarak|first=Ganiyu|date=2025-06-19|title=Repaint your houses, Anambra directs residents {{!}}|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/repaint-your-houses-anambra-directs-residents/|accessdate=2025-11-20|work=The Eagle Online|language=en-US}}</ref> * Ọ jikọtara aka ya na SIDEC na TJ&GP maka ịgbaso ụtụ isi na ahịa (2025) yana Dutch Consulate maka ebe akụ na ụba gburugburu. Ọzọkwa, ọ duziri nhicha osimiri na Otuocha (2025) iji chebe ihe ndị bi na mmiri. Ọ rịọkwara ka ndị nwere mmasị na-agbaso omume kwesịrị iji belata idei mmiri, na-ekwusi ike maka atụmatụ ihazi obodo na nhazi ihe mkpofu. == Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù == * Nigeria Society of Engineers (NSE) Awka Branch Award (2023) maka ihe ntinye ya na ngalaba injinia na atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi <ref name=":2" /> * Mgbalị ya nwetara nkwado mba na 2025, ebe Minista Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi toro Anambra dị ka "ihe atụ mba" maka mgbanwe ihu igwe <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nasir|first=Lantana|date=2025-10-07|title=Environment Ministry Commends Anambra’s Climate Initiatives|url=https://von.gov.ng/environment-ministry-commends-anambras-climate-initiatives/|accessdate=2025-11-20|work=Voice of Nigeria Broadcasting Service|language=en-US}}</ref> * O nwekwara echichi ọdịnala, gụnyere ịbụ onye òtù Otu Nze na Ozo Ezinifite, Nwadikannia nke Umueje, na Okpara Nnanyelugo nke Ezinifite <ref name=":0" /> == Ndụ Onwe Onye == Odimegwu lụrụ Barrister Ugochi Odimegwu, ha nwere ụmụ atọ <ref name=":0" /> == Edensibịa == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Odimegwu, Felix}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] p4d3rj91b8zc9hxaepul78hxl7lkujp 0 71871 692471 540663 2026-07-30T08:32:27Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Pugsley Lounsbury''' (20 Septemba 1872 Brooklyn - 7 June 1955 Pretoria) bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akụ na ụba nke a mụrụ na South Africa, onye a na-ewere dịka onye tọrọ ntọala nke akụ na ụba na Southern Africa. Lounsbury biri na Boston mgbe ọ bụ nwata ma mesịa gụọ akwụkwọ na Massachusetts Agricultural College, ebe ọ nọgidere dị ka onye nkuzi mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. N'afọ 1893, Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke Cape Colony malitere ichegbu onwe ya banyere ihe na-eme na phylloxera n'ubi vaịn, wee rịọ maka ndụmọdụ site n'aka L. O. Howard, Onye isi nke Ngalaba Entomology nke Ngalaba Ọrụ ugbo US, onye tụrụ aro Lounsbury. Mgbe e nyere Lounsbury ọrụ ahụ na 1895 na ụgwọ ọnwa kwa afọ nke £ 600, ọ nabatara, lụọ Rose Linda Davis (6 Septemba 1872 - Julaị 1920) onye bụ onye enyemaka na Albany na New York State Entomologist, wee gawa [[Cape Town]] obere oge tupu afọ 23 ya. Ozugbo ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ, Lounsbury rịọrọ maka ígwè na igwe typewriter - e ji ego gọọmentị zụta igwe typewriter, a ga-esi ego nke ya zụta igwe ahụ. Ọ malitere ọrụ n'obere ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị odeakwụkwọ ma ọ bụ onye enyemaka, mana mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1927, ọ bụ onyeisi nke Ngalaba Entomology nke Union of South Africa, ebe ndị ọkachamara iri abụọ na ise na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ya, nakwa aha ọma zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1896, o wuru ụlọ fumigation site na iji hydrogen cyanide mee ka osisi ndị si mba ọzọ ghara ịdị ọcha - nke mbụ gọọmentị na-etinye n'ụwa - na ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na 1897, edepụtara iwu mbụ na-achịkwa mbubata nke osisi. Afọ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ mbụ ya na Cape bụ maka ịchịkwa ihe ọkụkụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1898, a kpọtere mmasị ya na akọrọ dị ka ihe na-ebute ọrịa. Mmasị ya gbasakwara ịnakọta fungi na cryptogams ndị ọzọ. N'ihi ohere pere mpe dị n'ọfịs ya, a manyere Lounsbury ka ọ na-etinye ụmụ anụmanụ ya n'ọtụtụ ụlọ, dị ka ụlọ ndị na-ewu ụlọ, nke gbasasịrị na Cape Town. A na-azụ ehi, ewu, atụrụ na nkịta n'enweghị mmegide siri ike site n'aka ndị agbata obi ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ ahụike. Ọ bụ naanị n'afọ 1903 ka e nwere ụlọ anụ ụlọ iji nabata ụmụ anụmanụ ndị e wuru kilomita ole na ole site n'obodo ahụ. N'afọ 1902, e nwere ntiwapụ nke ihe e chere na mbụ na ọ bụ Redwater na Transvaal. Arnold Theiler zigara ụdị Blue tick (''Boophilus decoloratus'', nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Rhipicephalus (Boophileus) decoloratis), nke a maara na ọ bụ ihe na-ebute Redwater, nke e si n'ụmụ ehi butere ọrịa gaa Lounsbury na Cape Town. N'ebe ahụ, n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, ha akpataghị ọrịa mgbe a kpọbatara ha n'ụmụ ehi nwere ahụike, na-eduga na nchọpụta na ọrịa ahụ abụghị Redwater, kama ọ bụ nje ọhụrụ nke East Coast fever ma ọ bụ ''Theileria parva'' nke ''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'' na-ebute. A malitere ịchịkwa ihe ndị dị ndụ na South Africa na mmalite nke narị afọ mgbe a chịkwara ọnụ ọgụgụ cottony cushion n'ubi citrus. A chọpụtara ya na 1878 na [[New Zealand]], a na-ahụ ya ugbu a n'ụwa niile n'ubi citrus ma bụrụ nke ladybird beetle ''Rodolia cardinalis'' na-achịkwa. Ihe omume ọzọ gara nke ọma bụ mkpochapụ nke ''Opuntia vulgaris'' site na iji ụmụ ahụhụ cochineal na 1913. Nchịkwa nke Eucalyptus snout beetle sochiri na 1925 site na iwebata nje ''Anaphes nitens'', a wasp n'Australia. Njikwa nje na-agbakọta ọnụ hụrụ mgbanwe site na mkpochapụ nje na njikwa nje na ebumnuche nke obere mmetụta na-emerụ ahụ, belata mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi, obere ihe ize ndụ ndị ahịa na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ bụ onye otu ntọala nke S. A. Biological Society, ma nye ya S.A. Medal site na South African Association for the Advancement of Science na 1915. == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == * [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112019621488;seq=1;view=1up ''Canker Worms, Army Worm, Corn Worm, Red Humped Apple Tree Caterpillar, Antiopa Butterfly, Currant Stem-Girdler, Imported Elm Bark Louse, Greenhouse Orthezia'' - Charles Pugsley Lounsbury (1895)] * Gas Treatment for Scale Insects (1897) - South Africa Horticultural Board na Charles Pugsley Lounsbury * ''Ụmụ anụmanụ ndị Europe'' - Charles Pugsley Lounsbury * Ticks na ọrịa ehi Rhodesian - Lounsbury (1902 Annual Report) == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}}  7jdzjf65ex98yd8jai542fqhfhl2l68 0 71887 692581 540810 2026-07-30T10:43:46Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692581 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Frances Margaret Leighton''' (8 Machị 1909 - 8 Jenụwarị 2006) bụ ọkachamara n'ihe ọkụkụ na onye nkuzi na mba Saụt Afrịka. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Rhodes na nzere Master ya na 1931, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Bolus Herbarium ruo 1947. Isi ihe ọ na-achọ n'ihe gbasara nnyocha bụ na osisi monocot, ọrụ ya mekwara ka Ornithogalum na Agapanthus nwee mmetụta. Leighton lụrụ onye otu ya bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara osisi bụ́ William Edwyn Isaac na 1936, di na nwunye ahụ mụtara ụmụ atọ. N'afọ 1950, Leighton na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ngagharị Black Sash, na-eme ngagharị iwe megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Mgbe ọ kwagara Nairobi na 1961, ọ mụrụ ahịhịa mmiri n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka. Leighton na di ya mechara laa ezumike nká na Mornington Peninsula dị na Australia, ebe Leighton malitere itinye aka na mmegharị gburugburu ebe obibi obodo ma 'Society for the Protection of Indigenous Flora and Fauna of Australia' họpụtara ya dị ka ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara osisi. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Frances na King William's Town ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Rhodes n'etiti 1927 na 1931. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na M.Sc. , wee sonye na ndị ọrụ nke Bolus Herbarium na 1931 ma nọrọ ruo 1947. Mmasị ya bụ monocots, nke dugara na mmezigharị nke ''Ornithogalum'' (1944-5) na ''Agapanthus'', na monographs bipụtara na taxa abụọ ahụ. Na Bolus Herbarium ọ zutere William Edwyn Isaac, onye na-eto eto Welsh botanist, onye ọ lụrụ na 1936 - njikọ nke dịgidere ruo ọnwụ ya na 1995. William, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ n'oké osimiri, bipụtara "Nnyocha ihe ndị dị ndụ n'oké mmiri na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ South Africa" n'afọ 1943, wee kwuo okwu mmeghe ya, "Plants of the Sea", n'ihu Mahadum Cape Town n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1955. Di na nwunye ahụ mụrụ ụmụ atọ - Rhys na [[Glynn Isaac|Glynn]], ụmụ ejima amụrụ na 1937, na nwa nwanyị na 1948. Rhys meriri 1983 Pulitzer Prize for History maka akwụkwọ ya "The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790". Frances Leighton kụzikwaara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na South Africa. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ 1950, ọ malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma sonye na Black Sash movement, otu n'ime òtù ndị ọcha mbụ na-eme ngagharị iwe megide Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. N'afọ 1961, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Nairobi. William ghọrọ prọfesọ ntọala nke botany na Mahadum Nairobi na mbido nnwere onwe Kenya, ma dee "Marine botany of the Kenya coast" na 1967. Frances malitere ịmụ banyere ahịhịa mmiri nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke East Africa, ma wepụta onwe ya iji jikwaa mmemme agụmakwụkwọ na nkà ndụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere ịkụzi na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nke ndị akwụna. Mgbe ha lara ezumike nká, na abụọ n'ime ụmụ ha atọ bi na Australia, William na Frances sochiri ma biri na Blairgowrie na Mornington Peninsula, ebe obibi ha maka afọ 35 sochirinụ. Frances malitere itinye aka na ọdịmma nke ndị mmadụ nọ n'ógbè ahụ, a na-enyekwa ya nkuzi na-enweghị isi banyere gburugburu ebe obibi nke Port Phillip Bay na ihe ize ndụ nke ụdị ndị ọzọ na-awakpo ahịhịa ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Australia. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ chọtara ndị ọzọ lara ezumike nká ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike, sonye na 'Ndị enyi nke Rosebud Library Society' na Rosebud, Victoria, ma mesịa bụrụ onye isi oche ya. Ya na onye ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe malitere otu ndị agbata obi na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke ebumnuche ya bụ idebe okporo ụzọ obodo na ịkụ ụdị ụmụ amaala n'akụkụ osimiri. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ n'ime 'Society for the Protection of Indigenous Flora and Fauna of Australia'. Site na ntọala nke Mahadum nke Oge nke Atọ, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị na-akwado ya. Ọ nwụrụ na Blairgowrie, Victoria, mgbe ọ dị afọ 96. Osisi ndị a kpọrọ aha iji sọpụrụ ya gụnyere ''Delosperma leightoniae'' Lavis, ''Mesembryanthemum leightoniae'' e [[Louisa Bolus|L.Bolus]], ''Lampranthus francesiae'' H.E.K.Hartmann, ''Bergeranthus leightoniae'' L.Bolos. == James Leighton == Nwanne nna Frances Leighton, James Leighton FRHS (19 Jenụwarị 1855 Kincardine O'Neil - 22 Jenụwarụ 1930 King William's Town) bụ onye na-elekọta ubi na Kew 1878-1880, 1881-1887 onye nlekọta nke Botanical Gardens na King William'S Town, n'otu oge ahụ na-azụlite ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ya, 1888-1922 ọ bụ onye kansụl obodo, 1910-11 ọ bụ onye isi obodo nke King William"s Town. Ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka ime akwụkwọ ma mara banyere eriri sitere na osisi ndị dị n'ala na ndị dị iche iche dabara adaba maka akwụkwọ.   == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == * {{Cite journal|title=The genus Agapanthus L'Heriter - Monograph of ''Agapanthus'', with 8 colour plates by Miss W.F. Barker|author=Leighton|first=Frances M.|journal=Journal of South African Botany|volume=Supplementary Volume No. 4|date=1965|url=http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201300689683}} == Edemsibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * Biography of Frances Margaret LeightonnaS2A3Biographical Database nke Southern African Science * Obituary of Rhys Isaac E debere ya na Wayback Machine * Akụkọ ndụ maka James Leighton E debere ya na Wayback Machine {{Authority control}} c1ixy3q9syc4hdv4jqdm60g7kpvmv83 0 71897 692117 692034 2026-07-29T17:53:46Z SafariScribe 18560 Wepu mgbanwe [[Special:Diff/692034|692034]] nke [[Special:Contributions/~2026-41838-96|~2026-41838-96]] ([[User talk:~2026-41838-96|talk]]) 692117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ‘’’Title’’’Lịngwistiks ==Nkọwa== Lịngwistiks bụ sayensị ọmụmụ asụsụ.Ọ na eleba ọmụmụ asụsụ anya n' uzọ di iche iche na etu ngalaba ha sịrị dị. ===Nkejiasụsụ=== Aha Nkpọ ===Omumatu=== Lịngwistiks nwere ngalaba ise ha bụ: * Ọdịdị ụda (Phonetics) * Ọdịdị ụda asụsụ (Phonology) * Ọdịdị mkpụrụ asụsụ (Morphology) * Ụsoro okwu (Syntax) * Nghọta okwu (Simantics) ===Mkpọpụta=== ===Olumba=== ==Ntụgharị n’ Asụsụ Ọzọ== ===Bekee=== Linguistics 49iuetcbtin57bglxvtxs7aoagsussa 692118 692117 2026-07-29T17:54:05Z SafariScribe 18560 /* */ Ce 692118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ==Nkọwa== Lịngwistiks bụ sayensị ọmụmụ asụsụ.Ọ na eleba ọmụmụ asụsụ anya n' uzọ di iche iche na etu ngalaba ha sịrị dị. ===Nkejiasụsụ=== Aha Nkpọ ===Omumatu=== Lịngwistiks nwere ngalaba ise ha bụ: * Ọdịdị ụda (Phonetics) * Ọdịdị ụda asụsụ (Phonology) * Ọdịdị mkpụrụ asụsụ (Morphology) * Ụsoro okwu (Syntax) * Nghọta okwu (Simantics) ===Mkpọpụta=== ===Olumba=== ==Ntụgharị n’ Asụsụ Ọzọ== ===Bekee=== Linguistics 8gyugwdwexdiaoenrhy1iexczt7ng2n 0 72330 692565 577284 2026-07-30T10:05:32Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692565 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alette Schreiner''',à mụrụ n'ezinụlọ '''Falch''' (18 Mee 1873 - 26 Disemba 1951) bụ onye Norway na-eme nnyocha. == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ ya na Christiania dị ka nwa nwanyị nke onye ọka iwu distrikti bụ Ingvald Falch (1825-1909) yana Alette Louise Aubert (1850-1916). Ọ bụ nwa nwa nwa nke Benoni Aubert. Falch tolitere na Eidsvoll . Nwanne ya nwoke bụ Ingvald Falch, Jr. (1884-1962) sooro nna ha n'ịghọ onye ọka iwu distrikti. == Alụmdi na nwunye na ezinụlọ == Na Septemba 1900 Falch lụrụ Kristian Schreiner, onye ọrụ gọọmentị. Nwa ha nwoke Johan Schreiner ghọrọ ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme a ma ama. Nwa ha nwoke Fredrik Schreiner ghọrọ onye ọrụ gọọmentị. Nwa ya nwoke Per Schreiner ghọrọ onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na onye ọrụ gọọmentị. == Ọrụ == Ọ gara ule ya na ''Ragna Nielsens skole'' na 1892 wee gụsịa akwụkwọ jírí nzere cand.med. pụta n'afọ 1899. Ọ bụkwa nwata akwụkwọ ka na-amụ ọrụ n'Ụlọ Ọgwụ Riksh n'afọ 1900, tupu ọ mụọ ọrịa ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị na mba ofesi. Ọ dịghị mgbe e weere ya n'ọrụ n'ọkwa onye gụrụ akwụkwọ, mana ya na di ya, onye bụ prọfesọ, mere nchọpụta. Ha wepụtara akwụkwọ nkuzi banyere ahụ mmadụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum na mpịakọta atọ n'etiti afọ 1918 na 1921, na akwụkwọ nkuzi maka ụmụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'afọ 1923. Akwụkwọ ya a kacha gụọ bụ Slegtslivet hos<ref name="nbl"> N'afọ 1920, di na nwunye ahụ malitere itinye aka na anthropology anụ ahụ. O wepụtara ''Antropologische Studien an norwegische Frauen'' n'afọ 1924, Die Nord-Norweger . ''Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Soldaten'' n'afọ 1929 na akwụkwọ abụọ n'okpuru aha ''Anthropologische Lokaluntersuchungen'' n'afọ 1930 na 1932. Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nyochara ụdị Ịdị ọcha agbụrụ nke ndị Nazi. Ọbụna ndị Nazi tụrụ di ya na nwa ya nwoke mkpọrọ n'Ogige ịta ahụhụ Grini. Otú ọ dị, Alette Schreiner kwenyere na agbụrụ niile nwere ihe ndị na-adịghị mma.<ref name="nbl"> Schreiner nyekwara aka guzobe Blindern studenthjem, naanị ụlọ obibi ụmụ akwụkwọ dị na Blindern. Ọ nwụrụ na Disemba 1951 na Oslo. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} c6z9kllyn2fq7pdxiwqvcwb92r35uk1 0 72342 692306 577313 2026-07-29T18:58:53Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Sadurska''' (1 Septemba 1921-3 Machị 2004) bụ onye Polish Classical philologist, epigrapher, na archaeologist onye kụziri na Mahadum Warsaw . <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Micocki|first=Tomasz|date=2004|title=Obituary: Anna Sadurska 1921-2004|url=http://www.pcma.uw.edu.pl/fileadmin/pam/obituaries/sadurska_a.pdf|journal=Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean|volume=15|pages=11–12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anna Sadurska - ku pamięci. Ogrody Wspomnień. Cmentarz Internetowy|url=https://www.ogrodywspomnien.pl/index/showd/91842|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=www.ogrodywspomnien.pl}}</ref> == Mmụta == Sadurska mụrụ klasiik philology na archaeology na Mahadum Warsaw site na 1945–49; prọfesọ ya na archaeology bụ Kazimierz Michałowski, onye ọ gaara emekọ ọrụ na ya mgbe e mesịrị dịka onye ọrụ ibe. Mgbe ahụ, o mụrụ maka PhD na otu mahadum ahụ, na-eme nchọpụta banyere nchịkọta National Museum dị na Warsaw nke Roman funerary inscriptions, nke ọ gụchara na 1951. == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ == Sadurska malitere ọrụ ya na Ngalaba Nkà Ochie na National Museum na Warsaw, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na 1949-1951 n'oge PhD ya. Ọ kwagara na Mahadum Warsaw, ebe ọ ghọrọ Onye isi oche nke Mediterranean Archaeology na 1971 (ọkwa nke Kazimierz Michałowski nwere n'oge gara aga) na prọfesọ zuru oke na 1980. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Micocki|first=Tomasz|date=2004|title=Obituary: Anna Sadurska 1921-2004|url=http://www.pcma.uw.edu.pl/fileadmin/pam/obituaries/sadurska_a.pdf|journal=Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean|volume=15|pages=11–12}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Micocki|first=Tomasz|date=2004|title=Anna Sadurska (1921-2004)|url=https://www.archeologia.uw.edu.pl/swiatowit-tom-xlvi-fasc-a-2003/|journal=Światowit|volume=5|issue=46/Fasc. A (2003)|pages=11–13}}</ref> Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ Sadurska gụnyere ide akwụkwọ nkuzi mahadum Poland mbụ gbasara nkà mmụta ihe ochie nke Rom na ibipụta ihe odide Grik na Latin na ihe oyiyi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Micocki|first=Tomasz|date=2004|title=Obituary: Anna Sadurska 1921-2004|url=http://www.pcma.uw.edu.pl/fileadmin/pam/obituaries/sadurska_a.pdf|journal=Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean|volume=15|pages=11–12}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Browse by paper series - authors - Sadurska, Anna|url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/view/schriftenreihen/sr-39.html|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=Propylaeum-DOK - Digital Repository Classical Studies}}</ref> Ọ gwupụtara na Crimea, [[Egypt|Ijipt]], na Siria, ebe ọ bụ osote onye nduzi nke nchọpụta Polish na Palmyra: o bipụtara Ili nke Ezinụlọ nke 'Alainê site na Palmyra oge ochie, nke ndị ọrụ nchọpụta ihe ochie Polish gwupụtara n'afọ 1969, yana ọmụmụ ndị ọzọ nke olili ozu na nka okpukpe na ihe oyiyi nke Palmyrene.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ọrụ ya na ihe ọkpụkpụ Palmyrene meriri "Premio europeo di archeologia" (European Archaeology Prize) na 1994. <ref name=":0" /> N'ịbụ onye nchọpụta ya nke ihe atụ efu nke ''Tabulae Iliacae'', obere ihe a tụrụ na nkume sitere n'ụwa Rom nke na-egosi ihe nkiri sitere na Agha Trojan, Sadurska dekwara otu akwụkwọ banyere ihe ndị a, nke dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ niile nke Homeric iconography "ka kpọtụrụ aha dị ka Bible. "<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anna Sadurska - ku pamięci. Ogrody Wspomnień. Cmentarz Internetowy|url=https://www.ogrodywspomnien.pl/index/showd/91842|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=www.ogrodywspomnien.pl}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Micocki|first=Tomasz|date=2004|title=Anna Sadurska (1921-2004)|url=https://www.archeologia.uw.edu.pl/swiatowit-tom-xlvi-fasc-a-2003/|journal=Światowit|volume=5|issue=46/Fasc. A (2003)|pages=11–13}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == * 1964. ''Tebụl ndị dị n'ahụ'' Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawn. * 1977. ''Ili ezinụlọ nke 'Alainê'' Warsaw: PWN-Poland Scientific Edition. * Sadurska, A., ʻAdnān Bunnī, na Matḥaf Tadmur. 1994. ''Ihe ndị a tụrụ atụ maka olili ozu na Palmyra'' Rome: G. Bretschneider. == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/view/schriftenreihen/sr-39.html Akwụkwọ Anna Sadurska bipụtara na Propylaeum-DOK] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} iydtkgcgqf34vtzyj8pj9byf8gpoi60 0 72467 692530 589072 2026-07-30T09:33:04Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Donkervoort Automobielen B.V.|logo=|image=|image_size=300px|image_caption=Donkervoort company logo|foundation={{Start date and age|1978|07|01|df=y}}|location=[[Lelystad]], [[The Netherlands]]|founder=[[Joop Donkervoort]]|area_served=[[Europe]] <br /> [[North America]] <br /> [[Israel]] <br /> [[United Arab Emirates]]|key_people=[[Denis Donkervoort]] (Chairman and CEO),|num_employees=20–25|industry=[[Automotive]]|products=Hand-built ultra-light weight sport cars|revenue=|revenue_year=|operating_income=|income_year=|net_income=|net_income_year=|assets=|assets_year=|equity=|equity_year=|homepage=[http://www.donkervoort.com/en Donkervoort site – English homepage]}}  '''Donkervoort Automobielen BV''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta Ụgbọala egwuregwu eji aka rụọ dị fechaa fechaa nke dị n'obodo [[:en:Lelystad|Lelystad]], [[:en:Netherlands|Netherlands]] Ọ bụ nwa amadi Joop Donkervoort ihwere udi Ugbọalaa na afọ 1978. N'afọ 1996, e jiri injin Audi dochie injin [[Ụlọ ọrụ Moto Ford|Ford]] nke Donkervoort na buru eji arụ ụgbọala ndịa. Okwu njiri mmara Donkervoort bụ "Enweghị Nleghara anya" - nke a pụtara ịnya ụgbọala na-enweghị ihe enyemaka eletrọniki ọ bụla dị ka ABS sistemụ brek ya bụ mgbochi nkwusị ụgbọala( nke ndị bekee kporo anti-lock braking system), mmemme nkwụsi ike eletrọnik (ESP) ma ọ bụ ihe ịnya ụgbọala. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ ọrụ == Donkervoort bụ ụlọ ọrụ nke onye hiwere ya bụ Maazị Joop Donkervourt na-achịkwa ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 2019 ma nwa ya nwoke bụ Denis nọchiri ya dị ka onye isi nchịkwa n'afọ 2021. Marianne Donkervoort, onye lụrụ Joop, na Amber, nwa ha nwanyị, arụwokwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịzụlite azụmahịa na akara nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.donkervoort.com/en/the-story-of-us/donkervoort-today|title=Donkervoort Today|work=Donkervoort Cars|accessdate=17 October 2022}}</ref> Amber bụ onye na-anya ịnyinya sonyere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka onye nlokọta ndị ahịa mgbe ọ muchara ọrụ na China.<ref>{{cite tweet|name=Donkervoort|user=donkervoort|number=1514438489185599488|title=You may know that the children of Donkervoort founder, Joop Donkervoort, are Amber and Denis. But did you know that some of our most famous models are named after them? The S8A is named for Amber, while the "D" in D8 stands for Donkervoort Managing Director Denis'.}}</ref> A kpọrọ Donkervoort S8A aha Amber, ebe a kpọrọ D8 aha Denis'.<ref>{{cite tweet|name=Donkervoort|user=donkervoort|number=1514438489185599488|title=You may know that the children of Donkervoort founder, Joop Donkervoort, are Amber and Denis. But did you know that some of our most famous models are named after them? The S8A is named for Amber, while the "D" in D8 stands for Donkervoort Managing Director Denis'.}}</ref> Joop malitere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dịka onye na-ebubata ngwa ahịa n'afọ 1978, mana mgbe ọ matara na ọ dị mkpa ime mgbanwe dị ukwuu iji mee ka ụgboala ndị a ekpọkọtara ịgba n'okporo ụzọ nwee ikike, ọ malitere ịrụ ụggboala mbụ ya akpọrọ S7 site na iji udịdị ihiwe sitere na [[:en:Lotus_Seven|Lotus Seven]] n'ime [[:en:Tienhoven,_Stichtse_Vecht|Tienhoven]].N'afọ 1983, Donkervoort kwagara n'ụlọ mmepụta ọzọ buru ibunke dị na [[:en:Loosdrecht|Loosdrecht]], n'afọ 2000 ọ kwagakwara n'ụlọ nrụpụta ọzọ dị na [[:en:Lelystad|Lelystad]].Ọ bụ ebe a ka isi ụlọ dị ugbu a. Ebidozịrị mepụtawa Chassis, nke e nyeburu onye ọzo na-ebubata ngwa ahịa, na Lelystad n'fọ Lelystad in 2003.<ref name="History3">{{cite web|url=https://www.donkervoort.com/en/the-story-of-us/history|title=From the Beginning|website=Donkervoort|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref> === Atụmatụ ọdịnihu === Donkervoort kwupụtara na weebụsaịtị ha na ọ na-agbasa ụlọ ọrụ ya na aka ọrụ ya na mba ụwa niile dị ka ọdị ugbu a dịka onye eji,udị nrụta ụgbọala a n'obodo a car brand in the US.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.donkervoort.com/en/the-story-of-us/donkervoort-today|title=Donkervoort Today|work=Donkervoort Cars|accessdate=17 October 2022}}</ref> == Ụgbọala == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%;" |+Nchịkọta ihe nlereanya !Ụgbọala ! class="unsortable" |Foto !Afọ !Injin !Ihe a na-emepụta |- |S7 |[[Faịlụ:Donkervoort_S7_S8.jpg|frameless|150x150px]] |1978–1984 |1.6 L Ford OHV engine |90 PS (66 kW) |- |S8 |[[Faịlụ:1986DonkervoortSuper8.jpg|frameless|150x150px]] |1980–1984 |2.0 L Ford OHC |103 PS (76 kW) |- |S8A |[[Faịlụ:Nationale_oldtimerdag_Zandvoort_2010,_DONKERVOORT(JD)_S8A,_RL-PT-30.JPG|frameless|150x150px]] |1985–1993 |2.0 L Ford OHC |117 PS (86 kW) |- | rowspan="2" |S8AT | rowspan="2" |[[Faịlụ:Nationale_oldtimerdag_Zandvoort_2010,_DONKERVOORT(JD)_S8AT,_SN-ZB-99.JPG|frameless|150x150px]] | rowspan="2" |1986–1994 |Turbocharged 2.0 L Ford OHCGarrett T3 turbocharger na intercooler<br /> |170 PS (125 kW) |- |Turbocharged 2.2 L Ford OHCGarrett T3 turbocharger na intercooler<br /> |190 PS (140 kW) |- |D10 | |1988–1989 |Turbocharged 2.2 L (2,160 cc) Ford OHC (Garrett T3) &nbsp;<br /> |190 PS (140 kW) |- | rowspan="2" |D8 Zetec | rowspan="2" |[[Faịlụ:Nationale_oldtimerdag_Zandvoort_2010,_DONKERVOORT(JD)_D8_ZETEC,_73-GV-BV_pic2.JPG|frameless|150x150px]] | rowspan="2" |1993–1998 |1.8 L 16V Zetec engine |140 PS (103 kW) |- |2.0 L 16V Zetec engine |160 PS (118 kW) |- |D8 Cosworth |[[Faịlụ:Nationale_oldtimerdag_Zandvoort_2010,_DONKERVOORT(JD),_RNM-257.JPG|frameless|150x150px]] |1994–1998 |Turbocharged 2.0 L DOHC Cosworth YB engine |220 to 280 PS (160 ruo 210 kW) |- |D8 Audi (AGU) |[[Faịlụ:Year_2000_Donkervoort_D8-150_(14547395243).jpg|frameless|150x150px]] |1999–2002 |Turbocharged 1.8 L 20vT Audi engine |150 to 245 PS (110 ruo 180 kW) |- |D8 Audi (E-gas) |[[Faịlụ:Pronk-Baas_Challenge_Donkervoort.jpg|frameless|150x150px]] |2003–2012 |Turbocharged 1.8 L 20vT Audi engine |150 to 270 PS (110 ruo 200)  kW) |- |D8 270 RS |[[Faịlụ:Donkervoort_D8_270_RS_(47986611851).jpg|frameless|150x150px]] |2005–2007 |Turbocharged 1.8 L 20vT Audi engine, na-akwọ site na waya |270 PS (199 kW) |- |D8 270 |[[Faịlụ:Donkervoort_D8_Zolder.jpg|frameless|150x150px]] |2008–2012 |Turbocharged 1.8 L 20vT Audi engine, na-akwọ site na waya |270 PS (199 kW) |- |D8 GT |[[Faịlụ:Nationale_oldtimerdag_Zandvoort_2010,_DONKERVOORT(JD)_D8_GT,_12-JLD-1_pic1.JPG|frameless|150x150px]] |2007–2012 |Turbocharged 1.8 L 20vT Audi engine, na-akwọ site na waya |270 PS (199 kW) |- |D8 GTO |[[Faịlụ:Donkervoort_D8_GTO.JPG|frameless|150x150px]] |2013–2022 |Turbocharged 2.5 L TFSI 5-cylinder Audi engine |250 to 280 kW (340 ruo 380 PS) |- |D8 GTO RS |[[Faịlụ:Donkervoort_D8_GTO_RS.png|frameless|150x150px]] |2016–2022 |Turbocharged 2.5 L TFSI 5-cylinder Audi engine |386 kW (525 PS) |- |D8 GTO 40 |[[Faịlụ:Donkervoort_D8_GTO-40_(51977937333).jpg|frameless|150x150px]] |2018 |Turbocharged 2.5 L TFSI 5-cylinder Audi engine |283 kW (385 PS) |- |D8 GTO JD-70 |[[Faịlụ:Donkervoort_D8_GTO-JD70_IAA_2021_1X7A0248.jpg|frameless|150x150px]] |2019 |Turbocharged TFSI 5-cylinder Audi engine |305 kW (415 PS) |- |D8 GTO JD-70 R | |2020 |Turbocharged TFSI 5-cylinder Audi engine |310 kW (420)  PS) |- |D8 GTO Nke ọ bụla |[[Faịlụ:Donkervoort_D8_GTO_Individual_Series_(52251535021).jpg|frameless|150x150px]] |2021-dị ugbu a |Turbocharged TFSI 5-cylinder Audi engine |325 kW (442 PS) |- |F22 |[[Faịlụ:Amsterdam_Motor_Show_2023_-_1.jpg|frameless|150x150px]] |2022-dị ugbu a |Turbocharged TFSI 5-cylinder Audi engine |367 kW (499 PS) |} ; Donkervoort F22 (2022) === Ụdị ndị gara aga === ==== Donkervoort S7/S8 ==== ; Donkervoort S7 t9nvmgcwfauh8rynrd6605klambovwx 0 72512 692485 687181 2026-07-30T08:51:30Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692485 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[Faịlụ:Fatima_Denton_in_Nov_2014_giving_the_Barbara_Ward_Lecture.png|thumb|Fatima Denton na 2014 na-enye Barbara Ward Lecture]] {| class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%" |Vidio ndị dị n'èzí |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |"Fatima Denton na-akpọ maka akụkọ banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe na Africa ka e degharịa ya", 2014 Barbara Ward Lecture[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|alt=video icon|class=noviewer|16x16px]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sl7eJVSXHqM "Nkwurịta okwu pụrụ iche na Dr. Fatima Denton, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa"], The Times of Africa[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|alt=video icon|class=noviewer|16x16px]]''Oge nke Africa'' |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgtEDUuO86M "N'ajụjụ ọnụ na Fatima Denton, African Climate Policy Centre, UNECA"], [[UNISDR]][[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|alt=video icon|class=noviewer|16x16px]] |} '''Fatima Denton''' Fatima Denton na-ede banyere isiokwu gụnyere ume ọhụrụ, [1] mmepe na-adigide, [2] mgbanwe ihu igwe, [3] mgbanwe ihu igwe na okike, [4] mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe, [5] adịghị ike, [6] nchekwa nri [7] na mmiri na ike ịda ogbenye. Ọ bụ onye ndu ode akwụkwọ maka nyocha nke ise nke Working Group II nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), [9] IPCC Pụrụ iche Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN), [10] yana na IPCC Working Group III's isii nke isii Assessment Report,[11] na akụkọ banyere mgbanwe Climate na ala Climate. (SRCCL).[12] Ọ na-eje ozi na ọtụtụ kọmitii sayensị gụnyere Independent Science Panel (ISP) nke CGIAR Climate Change and Food Security Program (CCAFS) Denton bụ onye nkuzi 2015 Barbara Ward, ndị na-eme amụma, ndị nchọpụta na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na London iji nyochaa Africa na mmekọrịta ya na mgbanwe ihu igwe.[1] Ọ bụ ọkà okwu na 2016 Borlaug Dialogue International Symposium, otu n'ime ọtụtụ "Ndị isi ụmụ nwanyị na-ebugharị mgbanwe ọrụ ugbo na Africa" == Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ == A mụrụ Fatima Denton n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1966 <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> ma zụlite ya na [[The Gambia|mba Gambia]] . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị na Banjul, ọ gụchara ọtụtụ ihe ọmụmụ mahadum na mba ahụ. Mahadum Cheikh Anta Diop dị na Dakar, Senegal (ndị mmadụ), Mahadum Besançon, France, (asụsụ na ntụgharị asụsụ etinyere), Mahadum Paris - la Sorbonne Paris IV (ụmụ mmadụ) na École des Hautes Études Internationales et Politiques (HEIP) (mmekọrịta mba ụwa).[1] O nwetara PhD na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọmụmụ mmepe na Mahadum Birmingham (UK). <ref name="IIED">{{Cite web|title=Fatima Denton|url=http://www.iied.org/users/fatima-denton|work=International Institute for Environment and Development|accessdate=9 November 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Adapt">{{Cite web|title=News: Keynote speaker bio: Fatima Denton|url=http://www.africa-adapt.net/en-us/projects/186/news/80/|work=Africa Adapt|accessdate=9 November 2016|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070531/http://www.africa-adapt.net/en-us/projects/186/news/80/}}</ref> <ref name="SEF">{{Cite web|title=Berlin Summer Dialogue 2011 Adaptation to Climate Change New Structures of International Cooperation - an expression of global responsibility 27-28 September 2011 Berlin Town Hall|url=http://www.sef-bonn.org/fileadmin/Die_SEF/Veranstaltungen/BSD/2011_bsd_cvs_en.pdf|work=Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden|publisher=German Development Institute (DIE), Bonn|accessdate=10 November 2016|archivedate=23 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123124908/http://www.sef-bonn.org/fileadmin/Die_SEF/Veranstaltungen/BSD/2011_bsd_cvs_en.pdf}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Dr. Denton ebipụtala akụkọ, akwụkwọ, na akụkọ nyocha ndị ọgbọ na-akwado maka echiche dị iche iche nke mmepe nke na-eme ka ọ dịkwuogide. Fatima Denton rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha amụma na onye nhazi ọrụ na mmemme ike nke Enda Tiers Monde na Senegal. <ref name="Masika">{{Cite book|author=Masika|first=Rachel|title=Gender, development, and climate change|date=2002|publisher=Oxfam|location=Oxford|isbn=9780855984793|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=unWB89s0QMAC&pg=PA19|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> : 19 Ọrụ ya lebara anya n'okwu ndị gụnyere mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, ihu igwe na okike, [[Adịghị ike mgbanwe ihu igwe|adịghị ike na mgbanwe ihu igwe]], nchekwa nri, ọchịchị obodo, ịda ogbenye mmiri, na ike <ref name="Figart">{{Cite book|editor=Figart|title=Handbook of research on gender and economic life|date=2013|publisher=Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd.|location=Cheltenham|isbn=9780857930941|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SfYBAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA141|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> na Sahel . <ref name="Masika" /> : 14 <ref name="Otter">{{Cite book|editor=Otter|title=Global change processes and impacts in Africa : a synthesis|date=2007|publisher=East African Educational Publishers ; START|location=Nairobi : Washington, D.C|isbn=9789966255266|pages=245=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=meF1CLdPSF4C&pg=PA245}}</ref> Ọkachamara ya na [[Benin]] enyela aka n'ịhazi usoro nke na-enyocha mmegharị mgbanwe n'ofe Afrịka. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Mapfumo|first=Paul|date=2017-07-29|title=Pathways to transformational change in the face of climate impacts: an analytical framework|journal=Climate and Development|language=en|volume=9|issue=5|pages=439–451|doi=10.1080/17565529.2015.1040365|issn=1756-5529}}</ref> "Mgbanwe mgbanwe" <ref name=":2" /> chọrọ ka ndị obodo nwee atụmatụ zuru oke nke ndị nwere mmasị n'ọkwa dị elu na-akwado. Ọ na-akwado maka akụkọ ọhụrụ gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe na Afrịka site n'ile ya anya dị ka ohere. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iied.org/2014-barbara-ward-lecture-fatima-denton-calls-for-new-paradigm-for-african-development|title=2014 Barbara Ward Lecture: Fatima Denton calls for a "new paradigm" for African development|date=2014-12-01|work=International Institute for Environment and Development|language=en|accessdate=2019-09-26}}</ref> Kama "iguzo n'ime osimiri ma nwụọ n'ihi akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ," <ref name=":0" /> ọ na-arụ ụka na atụmatụ mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmepe ọrụ ugbo nwere ike ịdị n'otu, ma ọ bụ n'otu aka ahụ, mmụba nke itinye aka ọha na eze nwere ike ibute ihe ọhụrụ teknụzụ. Ọ na-arụ ụka kpọmkwem na iji akụrụngwa Africa eme ihe nwere ike ibelata ntụkwasị obi mba Afrịka na mba ụwa maka uto na-adịgide adịgide . <ref name=":0" /> Fatima Denton rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nhazi ike dị elu na [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|Mmemme Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] (UNEP) na Risø Centre na [[Denmark]] . <ref name="Risoe">{{Cite web|title=Former staff|url=http://gold.unepdtu.org/Staff/FormerStaff/index.htm|work=UNEP Risoe Centre|accessdate=10 November 2016|archivedate=14 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014053742/http://gold.unepdtu.org/Staff/FormerStaff/index.htm}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke UNEP. O lebara anya nke ọma n'ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị, na-egosi na ha anaghị etinye aka na atụmatụ na mmepe, mmetụta na-adịghị nhata nke ọdachi na mgbanwe ihu igwe ebe ọ bụ na ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na mkpa ọ dị itinye ụmụ nwanyị n'ịmepụta amụma ike dị irè. <ref name="UNEP2016">{{Cite book|title=Global Gender and Environment Outlook The Critical Issues. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya|date=2016|publisher=UNEP|isbn=978-92-807-3550-5|url=http://uneplive.unep.org/media/docs/assessments/GGEO_summary_report.pdf|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> Ngwọta enweghị ike ilekwasị anya naanị na teknụzụ na akụrụngwa; ha ga-atụlekwa nyocha na nyocha nke obodo lekwasịrị anya na ọtụtụ ihe metụtara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga na adịghị ike. <ref name="Tschakert">{{Cite journal|author=Tschakert|first=Petra|title=Views from the vulnerable: Understanding climatic and other stressors in the Sahel|journal=Global Environmental Change|date=August 2007|volume=17|issue=3–4|pages=381–396|doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.11.008|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222277818|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, o tinyere aka na nyocha nke na-egosi na a na-anabata atụmatụ ọrụ ugbo ọhụrụ, yana ndị ọrụ ntorobịa (afọ 6-14), na ezinụlọ ndị ụmụ nwanyị na-edu. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> Fatima Denton sonyeere International Development Research Centre (IDRC) na 2006, ebe ọ bụ onye ndu n'atụmatụ maka mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe . <ref name="Kararach">{{Cite book|author=Kararach|first=George|title=Development in Africa: Refocusing the Lens after the Millennium Development Goals|date=2016|location=Bristol|publisher=Policy Press at the University of Bristol|isbn=9781447328544|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4gEnDQAAQBAJ&pg=PR12}}</ref> Dịka Onye Ndú Mmemme na IDCR, Denton tinyere aka na njikwa nke ọtụtụ atụmatụ na ọrụ nyocha dị elu nke kwalitere nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi n'ofe mba Afrịka. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://unu.edu/media-relations/releases/unu-appoints-dr-fatima-denton-as-director-of-ghana-institute.html|title=United Nations University Appoints Dr Fatima Denton as Director of Its Ghana Institute - United Nations University|work=unu.edu|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-26|archivedate=2022-05-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024406/https://unu.edu/media-relations/releases/unu-appoints-dr-fatima-denton-as-director-of-ghana-institute.html}}</ref> Dịka onye nhazi nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Amụma Ihu Igwe nke Afrịka, Denton rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado ebumnuche ndị dị mkpa na ndị dị mkpa nke mba Afrịka kwesịrị ịgba mbọ ịbanye na nzukọ COP 21 maka mmepe nke Nkwekọrịta Paris nke UN. Maka ọdịmma nke adịghị ike nke Afrịka na mmetụta nke okpomọkụ ụwa, o kwuru na mba niile kwesịrị iji usoro siri ike na nke nwere ibu ọrụ mee ihe, n'agbanyeghị mgbanwe dị iche iche na mgbanwe ihu igwe. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> Na 2017, Denton kwuru na ọ na-akwado ọrụ ozi ihu igwe (CIS) na mmejuputa iwu mba Afrịka nke ọma iji lụso ịda ogbenye na mmetụta ọjọọ nke ihu igwe ọgụ. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> Ọ bụ onyeisi ngalaba atụmatụ pụrụ iche <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> na onye nhazi nke African Climate Policy Centre (ACPC) nke United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), nke dị na [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]] site na 2013 ruo 2018. <ref>Klein, R.J.T., S. Huq, F. Denton, T.E. Downing, R.G. Richels, J.B. Robinson, F.L. Toth, 2007: "[https://web.archive.org/web/20161007100919/https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter18.pdf Inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007100919/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter18.pdf|date=2016-10-07}}" In ''Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change'', M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 745-777.</ref> Na Septemba 10, 2018, a họpụtara Denton dị ka onye nduzi na ngalaba Ghana nke Mahadum Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu, ọkachasị, na UNU Institute for Natural Resources in Africa (UNU-INRA). <ref name=":1" /> O tinyekwara aka na International Institute on Environment and Development (IIED) dịka onye nlekọta na onye otu na mmemme nyocha mba ụwa nke Future Earth advisory board. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke otu ọrụ nke abụọ nke IPCC na July 2023.<ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == == Edensibịa == {{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Denton, Fatima}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7zxxr0qaonsusbriewahuwhqet0vnlp 692486 692485 2026-07-30T08:52:17Z Sayvhior 13464 692486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Faịlụ:Fatima_Denton_in_Nov_2014_giving_the_Barbara_Ward_Lecture.png|thumb|Fatima Denton na 2014 na-enye Barbara Ward Lecture]] {| class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%" |Vidio ndị dị n'èzí |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |"Fatima Denton na-akpọ maka akụkọ banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe na Africa ka e degharịa ya", 2014 Barbara Ward Lecture[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|alt=video icon|class=noviewer|16x16px]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sl7eJVSXHqM "Nkwurịta okwu pụrụ iche na Dr. Fatima Denton, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa"], The Times of Africa[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|alt=video icon|class=noviewer|16x16px]]''Oge nke Africa'' |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgtEDUuO86M "N'ajụjụ ọnụ na Fatima Denton, African Climate Policy Centre, UNECA"], [[UNISDR]][[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|alt=video icon|class=noviewer|16x16px]] |} '''Fatima Denton''' Fatima Denton na-ede banyere isiokwu gụnyere ume ọhụrụ, [1] mmepe na-adigide, [2] mgbanwe ihu igwe, [3] mgbanwe ihu igwe na okike, [4] mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe, [5] adịghị ike, [6] nchekwa nri [7] na mmiri na ike ịda ogbenye. Ọ bụ onye ndu ode akwụkwọ maka nyocha nke ise nke Working Group II nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), [9] IPCC Pụrụ iche Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN), [10] yana na IPCC Working Group III's isii nke isii Assessment Report,[11] na akụkọ banyere mgbanwe Climate na ala Climate. (SRCCL).[12] Ọ na-eje ozi na ọtụtụ kọmitii sayensị gụnyere Independent Science Panel (ISP) nke CGIAR Climate Change and Food Security Program (CCAFS) Denton bụ onye nkuzi 2015 Barbara Ward, ndị na-eme amụma, ndị nchọpụta na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na London iji nyochaa Africa na mmekọrịta ya na mgbanwe ihu igwe.[1] Ọ bụ ọkà okwu na 2016 Borlaug Dialogue International Symposium, otu n'ime ọtụtụ "Ndị isi ụmụ nwanyị na-ebugharị mgbanwe ọrụ ugbo na Africa" == Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ == A mụrụ Fatima Denton n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1966 <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> ma zụlite ya na [[The Gambia|mba Gambia]] . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị na Banjul, ọ gụchara ọtụtụ ihe ọmụmụ mahadum na mba ahụ. Mahadum Cheikh Anta Diop dị na Dakar, Senegal (ndị mmadụ), Mahadum Besançon, France, (asụsụ na ntụgharị asụsụ etinyere), Mahadum Paris - la Sorbonne Paris IV (ụmụ mmadụ) na École des Hautes Études Internationales et Politiques (HEIP) (mmekọrịta mba ụwa).[1] O nwetara PhD na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọmụmụ mmepe na Mahadum Birmingham (UK). <ref name="IIED">{{Cite web|title=Fatima Denton|url=http://www.iied.org/users/fatima-denton|work=International Institute for Environment and Development|accessdate=9 November 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Adapt">{{Cite web|title=News: Keynote speaker bio: Fatima Denton|url=http://www.africa-adapt.net/en-us/projects/186/news/80/|work=Africa Adapt|accessdate=9 November 2016|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070531/http://www.africa-adapt.net/en-us/projects/186/news/80/}}</ref> <ref name="SEF">{{Cite web|title=Berlin Summer Dialogue 2011 Adaptation to Climate Change New Structures of International Cooperation - an expression of global responsibility 27-28 September 2011 Berlin Town Hall|url=http://www.sef-bonn.org/fileadmin/Die_SEF/Veranstaltungen/BSD/2011_bsd_cvs_en.pdf|work=Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden|publisher=German Development Institute (DIE), Bonn|accessdate=10 November 2016|archivedate=23 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123124908/http://www.sef-bonn.org/fileadmin/Die_SEF/Veranstaltungen/BSD/2011_bsd_cvs_en.pdf}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Dr. Denton ebipụtala akụkọ, akwụkwọ, na akụkọ nyocha ndị ọgbọ na-akwado maka echiche dị iche iche nke mmepe nke na-eme ka ọ dịkwuogide. Fatima Denton rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha amụma na onye nhazi ọrụ na mmemme ike nke Enda Tiers Monde na Senegal. <ref name="Masika">{{Cite book|author=Masika|first=Rachel|title=Gender, development, and climate change|date=2002|publisher=Oxfam|location=Oxford|isbn=9780855984793|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=unWB89s0QMAC&pg=PA19|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> : 19 Ọrụ ya lebara anya n'okwu ndị gụnyere mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, ihu igwe na okike, [[Adịghị ike mgbanwe ihu igwe|adịghị ike na mgbanwe ihu igwe]], nchekwa nri, ọchịchị obodo, ịda ogbenye mmiri, na ike <ref name="Figart">{{Cite book|editor=Figart|title=Handbook of research on gender and economic life|date=2013|publisher=Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd.|location=Cheltenham|isbn=9780857930941|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SfYBAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA141|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> na Sahel . <ref name="Masika" /> : 14 <ref name="Otter">{{Cite book|editor=Otter|title=Global change processes and impacts in Africa : a synthesis|date=2007|publisher=East African Educational Publishers ; START|location=Nairobi : Washington, D.C|isbn=9789966255266|pages=245=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=meF1CLdPSF4C&pg=PA245}}</ref> Ọkachamara ya na [[Benin]] enyela aka n'ịhazi usoro nke na-enyocha mmegharị mgbanwe n'ofe Afrịka. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Mapfumo|first=Paul|date=2017-07-29|title=Pathways to transformational change in the face of climate impacts: an analytical framework|journal=Climate and Development|language=en|volume=9|issue=5|pages=439–451|doi=10.1080/17565529.2015.1040365|issn=1756-5529}}</ref> "Mgbanwe mgbanwe" <ref name=":2" /> chọrọ ka ndị obodo nwee atụmatụ zuru oke nke ndị nwere mmasị n'ọkwa dị elu na-akwado. Ọ na-akwado maka akụkọ ọhụrụ gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe na Afrịka site n'ile ya anya dị ka ohere. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iied.org/2014-barbara-ward-lecture-fatima-denton-calls-for-new-paradigm-for-african-development|title=2014 Barbara Ward Lecture: Fatima Denton calls for a "new paradigm" for African development|date=2014-12-01|work=International Institute for Environment and Development|language=en|accessdate=2019-09-26}}</ref> Kama "iguzo n'ime osimiri ma nwụọ n'ihi akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ," <ref name=":0" /> ọ na-arụ ụka na atụmatụ mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmepe ọrụ ugbo nwere ike ịdị n'otu, ma ọ bụ n'otu aka ahụ, mmụba nke itinye aka ọha na eze nwere ike ibute ihe ọhụrụ teknụzụ. Ọ na-arụ ụka kpọmkwem na iji akụrụngwa Africa eme ihe nwere ike ibelata ntụkwasị obi mba Afrịka na mba ụwa maka uto na-adịgide adịgide . <ref name=":0" /> Fatima Denton rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nhazi ike dị elu na [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|Mmemme Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] (UNEP) na Risø Centre na [[Denmark]] . <ref name="Risoe">{{Cite web|title=Former staff|url=http://gold.unepdtu.org/Staff/FormerStaff/index.htm|work=UNEP Risoe Centre|accessdate=10 November 2016|archivedate=14 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014053742/http://gold.unepdtu.org/Staff/FormerStaff/index.htm}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke UNEP. O lebara anya nke ọma n'ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị, na-egosi na ha anaghị etinye aka na atụmatụ na mmepe, mmetụta na-adịghị nhata nke ọdachi na mgbanwe ihu igwe ebe ọ bụ na ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na mkpa ọ dị itinye ụmụ nwanyị n'ịmepụta amụma ike dị irè. <ref name="UNEP2016">{{Cite book|title=Global Gender and Environment Outlook The Critical Issues. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya|date=2016|publisher=UNEP|isbn=978-92-807-3550-5|url=http://uneplive.unep.org/media/docs/assessments/GGEO_summary_report.pdf|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> Ngwọta enweghị ike ilekwasị anya naanị na teknụzụ na akụrụngwa; ha ga-atụlekwa nyocha na nyocha nke obodo lekwasịrị anya na ọtụtụ ihe metụtara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga na adịghị ike. <ref name="Tschakert">{{Cite journal|author=Tschakert|first=Petra|title=Views from the vulnerable: Understanding climatic and other stressors in the Sahel|journal=Global Environmental Change|date=August 2007|volume=17|issue=3–4|pages=381–396|doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.11.008|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222277818|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, o tinyere aka na nyocha nke na-egosi na a na-anabata atụmatụ ọrụ ugbo ọhụrụ, yana ndị ọrụ ntorobịa (afọ 6-14), na ezinụlọ ndị ụmụ nwanyị na-edu. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> Fatima Denton sonyeere International Development Research Centre (IDRC) na 2006, ebe ọ bụ onye ndu n'atụmatụ maka mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe . <ref name="Kararach">{{Cite book|author=Kararach|first=George|title=Development in Africa: Refocusing the Lens after the Millennium Development Goals|date=2016|location=Bristol|publisher=Policy Press at the University of Bristol|isbn=9781447328544|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4gEnDQAAQBAJ&pg=PR12}}</ref> Dịka Onye Ndú Mmemme na IDCR, Denton tinyere aka na njikwa nke ọtụtụ atụmatụ na ọrụ nyocha dị elu nke kwalitere nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi n'ofe mba Afrịka. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://unu.edu/media-relations/releases/unu-appoints-dr-fatima-denton-as-director-of-ghana-institute.html|title=United Nations University Appoints Dr Fatima Denton as Director of Its Ghana Institute - United Nations University|work=unu.edu|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-26|archivedate=2022-05-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024406/https://unu.edu/media-relations/releases/unu-appoints-dr-fatima-denton-as-director-of-ghana-institute.html}}</ref> Dịka onye nhazi nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Amụma Ihu Igwe nke Afrịka, Denton rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado ebumnuche ndị dị mkpa na ndị dị mkpa nke mba Afrịka kwesịrị ịgba mbọ ịbanye na nzukọ COP 21 maka mmepe nke Nkwekọrịta Paris nke UN. Maka ọdịmma nke adịghị ike nke Afrịka na mmetụta nke okpomọkụ ụwa, o kwuru na mba niile kwesịrị iji usoro siri ike na nke nwere ibu ọrụ mee ihe, n'agbanyeghị mgbanwe dị iche iche na mgbanwe ihu igwe. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> Na 2017, Denton kwuru na ọ na-akwado ọrụ ozi ihu igwe (CIS) na mmejuputa iwu mba Afrịka nke ọma iji lụso ịda ogbenye na mmetụta ọjọọ nke ihu igwe ọgụ. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> Ọ bụ onyeisi ngalaba atụmatụ pụrụ iche <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> na onye nhazi nke African Climate Policy Centre (ACPC) nke United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), nke dị na [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]] site na 2013 ruo 2018. <ref>Klein, R.J.T., S. Huq, F. Denton, T.E. Downing, R.G. Richels, J.B. Robinson, F.L. Toth, 2007: "[https://web.archive.org/web/20161007100919/https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter18.pdf Inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007100919/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter18.pdf|date=2016-10-07}}" In ''Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change'', M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 745-777.</ref> Na Septemba 10, 2018, a họpụtara Denton dị ka onye nduzi na ngalaba Ghana nke Mahadum Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu, ọkachasị, na UNU Institute for Natural Resources in Africa (UNU-INRA). <ref name=":1" /> O tinyekwara aka na International Institute on Environment and Development (IIED) dịka onye nlekọta na onye otu na mmemme nyocha mba ụwa nke Future Earth advisory board. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke otu ọrụ nke abụọ nke IPCC na July 2023.<ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == == Edensibịa == {{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Denton, Fatima}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5luyfihwv1olbuaepshbzvcd7oeyh31 0 72529 692289 595286 2026-07-29T18:27:58Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692289 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="5" |Mahadum sayensị na teknụzụ Afrịka | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Aha ndị gara aga</div> | class="infobox-data nickname" |Ụlọ Ọrụ Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke Africa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data" |[[Private University|Nkeonwe]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |E guzobere ya | class="infobox-data" |2007<span class="noprint">; Afọ 19 gara aga&#x20;&nbsp;</span> <span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2007</span>)&nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |[[University president|Onye isi ala]] | class="infobox-data" |Azikwe Peter Onwalu (onye na-eme ihe nkiri) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ebe | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="locality" style="display:inline">[[Abuja]]</div>, Nigeria9°00′04′′N 7°25′19′′E / 9.001°N 7.422°E / 9.001; 7.422<br /><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=African_University_of_Science_and_Technology&params=9.001_N_7.422_E_type:edu_region:NG <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">9°00′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°25′19″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">9.001°N 7.422°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">9.001; 7.422</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ogige | class="infobox-data" |Obodo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Mmekọrịta | class="infobox-data" |[[Nelson Mandela Institution|Ụlọ Ọrụ Nelson Mandela]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://www.aust.edu.ng/ www.aust.edu.ng]</span> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="270">[ {"properties":{"title":"African University of Science and Technology","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q4689798"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"African University of Science and Technology"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q4689798"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[7.421946525368845,9.00109251550409],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"African University of Science and Technology","marker-symbol":"college"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |} '''Mahadum sayensị na teknụzụ Afrịka''' bụ mahadum mba ụwa nke na-agụsị akwụkwọ na nke na-agụsị akwụkwọ na nke na-agụsị akwụkwọ na Abuja, Naịjirịa. E hiwere ya na 2007 dị ka akụkụ mbụ nke echiche usoro mahadum Pan-African nke Nelson Mandela Institution mepụtara. Mahadum ahụ na-enye mmemme postgraduate n'akụkụ ise dị mkpa nke ọzụzụ: Sayensị Kọmputa na Njikwa Teknụzụ Ozi, Sayensị na Injinịa Ihe, Injinịa Mmanụ Ala, Mgbakọ na Mwepụ Dị ọcha, na Sayensị Oghere na Aerospace, yana nzere masta na Nchịkwa Ọha na Amụma Ọha. Ndị prọfesọ na-abịa gụnyere ndị Africa na-arụ ọrụ na mba ofesi. E hiwere mahadum ahụ dị ka ogige mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Nelson Mandela nke Pan-African. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Hochschulen in Afrika: Afrikas akademische Exzellenz|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/afrikas-akademische-exzellenz-8517016.html|accessdate=2024-06-05|work=Der Tagesspiegel Online|language=de-DE}}</ref> Site na mmalite ya, ọ na-enye naanị ọmụmụ postgraduate.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-05|title=AUST: Abuja’s hidden jewel of Science and Technology|url=https://businessday.ng/uncategorized/article/aust-abujas-hidden-jewel-science-technology/|accessdate=2024-06-05|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> Na Disemba 2022, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ mmadụ 145 si mba 11, 38 nwere nzere doctorate.<ref name="Guardian" /> [[Winston Wole Soboyejo]] was president and provost from January 2012 to August 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 1, 2019|title=WPI Names Renowned Scholar Winston Oluwole Soboyejo as Provost and Senior Vice President|url=https://www.wpi.edu/news/wpi-names-renowned-scholar-winston-oluwole-soboyejo-provost-and-senior-vice-president|accessdate=2024-06-05|work=www.wpi.edu|language=en}}</ref> Azikiwe Peter Onwualu is acting president.<ref name="Guardian">{{Cite web|date=2022-12-15|title=AUST graduates 38 PhDs from 11 African countries|url=https://guardian.ng/features/aust-graduates-38-phds-from-11-african-countries/|accessdate=2024-06-05|work=The Guardian Nigeria News|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://guardian.ng/features/aust-graduates-38-phds-from-11-african-countries/ "AUST graduates 38 PhDs from 11 African countries"]. ''The Guardian Nigeria News''. 2022-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.aust.edu.ng/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] {{Authority control}} 3z5oo5oodzjjdil3ksngnjpqs9nezd1 0 72533 692463 637705 2026-07-30T08:26:18Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692463 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="5" |Mahadum Bingham | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<div class="infobox-caption">Logo nke Mahadum Bingham</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ụkpụrụ nduzi | class="infobox-data" |Ọrụ Maka Ozi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data" |[[Private school|Nkeonwe]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |E guzobere ya | class="infobox-data" |2005 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Mmekọrịta | class="infobox-data" |National Universities Commission (NUC) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |[[Financial endowment|Onyinye]] | class="infobox-data" |Enweghị ya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |[[Chancellor (education)|Onye isi ala]] | class="infobox-data" |Prọfesọ Andrew Haruna, FNAL, FLAN, FCPA, FSPMDP |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |<span class="nowrap">[[Vice-Chancellor|Onye isi ala]]</span> | class="infobox-data" |Prọfesọ Haruna Kuje Ayuba |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ndị ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ</div> | class="infobox-data" |N'ihe gbasara ya. 100 (5:1 ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ụmụ akwụkwọ | class="infobox-data" |500-999 (atụle 2024) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Adreesị | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline">Km 26 Abuja-Keffi Expressway, Kodape</div>, <div class="locality" style="display:inline">[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]]</div>, Nasarawa State, Nigeria8°50′59′′N 7°39′09′′E / 8.8497°N 7.6525°E / 8.9497; 7.6525<br /><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bingham_University&params=8.8497_N_7.6525_E_ <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°50′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°39′09″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.8497°N 7.6525°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">8.8497; 7.6525</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ogige | class="infobox-data" |[[Urban area|Obodo]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng www.binghamuni.edu.ng]</span> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="270">[ {"properties":{"title":"Bingham University","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q5322769"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[7.6525,8.8497],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Bingham University","marker-symbol":"college"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |} '''Mahadum Bingham''' bụ mahadum onwe onye dị na Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, nke dị kilomita 26 site na [[Abuja]], isi obodo mba ahụ.<ref name="BinghamHome" /> Ọ bụ nke National Universities Commission (NUC) hiwere na 2005, ọ malitere nkuzi na 2006 ma too ruo n'ókè nke inye mmemme dị iche iche maka ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba mmụta iri na abụọ.<ref name="UniRank" /> Ogige mahadum na-adịgide adịgide, nke e bi kemgbe 3 Machị 2008, dị na New Karu, yana ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi ya na [[Jos]], Plateau State. Site na ọnụ ọgụgụ a họọrọ ịbanye (50-59%) na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ nke 5:1, Bingham agụsịwo ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 7,000 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2024, na-ekwusi ike na agụmakwụkwọ dị mma na nkà bara uru.<ref name="UniRank">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unirank.org/universities/ng/bingham-university/|title=Bingham University Ranking & Overview|work=uniRank|date=2024-08-28|accessdate=6 August 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.unirank.org/universities/ng/bingham-university/ "Bingham University Ranking & Overview"]. ''uniRank''. 28 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="BinghamMission" /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E guzobere Mahadum Bingham na 5 Jenụwarị 2005 mgbe ọ natara akwụkwọ ikike NUC ya, na atụmatụ malitere na 2003 iji dozie mkpa Naịjirịa maka agụmakwụkwọ onwe onye dị mma.<ref name="BinghamMission">{{Cite web|url=https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/about|title=Mission for Service|work=Bingham University|accessdate=6 August 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/about "Mission for Service"]. ''Bingham University''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Okwu malitere na 2006, mahadum ahụ kwagara na ụlọ akwụkwọ ya na-adịgide adịgide na New Karu na 3 Machị 2008. N'afọ 2024, ọ nwetara asambodo GFGP Gold Tier site na Global Grant Community na African Academy of Sciences maka nyocha dị mma.<ref name="BinghamHome">{{Cite web|url=https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/|title=Home|work=Bingham University|accessdate=6 August 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/ "Home"]. ''Bingham University''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Ihe ndị dị ịrịba ama na nso nso a gụnyere mmemme Master of Public Health (MPH) na Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) na mmemme ọhụrụ dị ka B.Sc. Nchịkwa Nchịkọta Ngwongwo.<ref name="BinghamHome" /><ref name="BinghamCourses" /> == Ihe omume agụmakwụkwọ == Mahadum Bingham na-enye mmemme undergraduate na postgraduate gafee ngalaba iri na abụọ, nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ 5:1 kwadoro.<ref name="UniversityCompass">{{Cite web|url=https://universitycompass.com/universities/bingham-university.php|title=Bingham University: Courses & Admission Info|work=University Compass|accessdate=6 August 2025}}</ref> NUC na ndị ọkachamara dị ka Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria kwadoro mmemme.<ref name="BinghamCourses">{{Cite web|url=https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/programmes|title=Academic Programmes|work=Bingham University|accessdate=6 August 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/programmes "Academic Programmes"]. ''Bingham University''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> N'okpuru ebe a bụ nchịkọta nke ikike na mmemme: {| class="wikitable" !Nkụzi !Ihe omume agụmakwụkwọ !Ihe omume ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ |- |Ngalaba sayensị ahụike |MBBS Medicine, B.Sc. Nọọsụ, B.Sc. Radiography |M.Sc. Ahụike ọha, Ph.D. Anatomy |- |Ngalaba nke Allied Health Sciences |B.Sc. Anatomy, B.Sc. Physiology, B.Sc. Sayensị nke ụlọ nyocha ahụike |M.Sc. Physiology, Ph.D. Microbiology |- |Ngalaba sayensị ọgwụ |B.Farm. Ụlọ ọgwụ, B.Sc. Ọgwụ na-ahụ maka ọgwụ |M.Sc. Microbiology ọgwụ |- |Ngalaba sayensị na teknụzụ |B.Sc. Computer Science, B.Sc. Cyber Security, B.Sc. Physics |M.Sc. Environmental Chemistry, Ph.D. Biochemistry |- |Ngalaba Iwu |LL. B. Bachelor nke Iwu |Enweghị |- |Ngalaba sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi |B.Sc. Ihe owuwu, B.Sc. Nnyocha Ọnụ ọgụgụ, B.Sc. Nchịkwa ala |M.Sc. Ihe owuwu |- |Ngalaba nka |B.A. Bekee, B.A., Philosophy, B.А. Religious Studies |M.Sc. English & Literary Studies, Ph.D. English |- |Ngalaba sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya |B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, B.Sc. Mgbasa Ozi |M.Sc. Mass Communication, Ph.D. Economics |- |Ngalaba Nchịkwa |B.Sc. Accounting, B.Sc. Nchịkwa Azụmaahịa |M.Sc. Accounting, Ph.D. Business Administration |- |Ngalaba Mmụta |B.Sc. Ntuziaka na ndụmọdụ, B.Sc. Nkà na ụbụrụ |Enweghị |- |Ngalaba nke nkwurịta okwu |B.Sc. Mgbasa Ozi |M.Sc. Mgbasa Ozi |- |Ngalaba nke Ọchụnta ego |B.Sc. Ọchụnta ego, B.Sc. Nchịkwa Usoro Nkwado |Enweghị |} Ihe omume ọhụrụ e webatara na 2024 gụnyere B.Sc. Nchịkwa Ịzụta na B.Sc. Supply Chain Management, na-egosipụta ilekwasị anya na ọchụnta ego.<ref name="BinghamCourses"/> Ntinye postgraduate chọrọ akara ugo mmụta nke abụọ (Lower Division) ma ọ bụ diplọma postgraduate na CGPA nke 3.00. <ref name="Postgrad">{{Cite web|url=https://pgadmission.binghamuni.edu.ng/|title=School of Postgraduate Studies|work=Bingham University|accessdate=6 August 2025|archivedate=10 August 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810164615/http://pgadmission.binghamuni.edu.ng/}}</ref> == Campus na ụlọ ọrụ == Isi ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na New Karu, Nasarawa State, dị n'akụkụ Abuja-Keffi Expressway n'ime obodo.<ref name="BinghamHome"/> Ihe ndị dị mkpa gụnyere ọbá akwụkwọ, ebe egwuregwu, ụlọ nkuzi, na ebe obibi n'ime kampos maka ụmụ akwụkwọ niile, nke iwu obibi chọrọ ikike ịpụ apụ na-akwado.<ref name="NigerianScholars" /> Map ebe na-egosi ịdị nso ya na Abuja: === Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi Mahadum Bingham === {{Infobox hospital|name=Bingham University Teaching Hospital|image=|image_alt=|caption=Bingham University Teaching Hospital in Jos, Plateau State|coordinates={{coord|9.9324|N|8.8776|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}|location=Jos|state=Plateau State|country=Nigeria|healthcare=Private|type=Teaching|affiliation=Bingham University|beds=400|speciality=Multi-specialty|emergency=Yes|opened=1959|website={{URL|https://www.bhuth.org.ng}}}}Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), nke bụbu Evangel Hospital, e guzobere na 1959 na Jos, Plateau State.<ref name="HotelsNG">{{Cite web|url=https://hotels.ng/places/hospital/1234-bingham-university-teaching-hospital|title=Bingham University Teaching Hospital|work=Hotels.ng|date=2017-05-02|accessdate=6 August 2025}}</ref> Ebe a na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere ihe ndina 400, ọ na-akwado ọzụzụ ahụike na nyocha maka ngalaba sayensị ahụike, na-enye ọrụ pụrụ iche dịka ENT, ịwa ahụ, ụmụaka, ọrụ ịmụ nwa na ụmụ nwanyị, ọgwụgwọ anya, ịwa ahụ vesicovaginal fistula (VVF), na nlekọta HIV site na ọgwụgwọ antiretroviral.<ref name="BUTH" /> BUTH na-azụ ndị ọrụ ahụike na ndị dọkịta bi na ya, na-eje ozi dị ka ebe nlekọta ahụike mpaghara.<ref name="BUTH" /> == Nnyocha na mmekorita == Mahadum Bingham emeela ka profaịlụ nyocha ya sie ike, nweta asambodo GFGP Gold Tier na 2024 site na Global Grant Community na African Academy of Sciences.<ref name="BinghamHome"/> Ngalaba nke Clinical Sciences kwadoro 2nd Scientific MBBS Poster Presentation na 2024, na-eme ka nnyocha ụmụ akwụkwọ pụta ìhè.<ref name="BinghamHome" /> Nkwekọrịta 2024 na Kansụl Naịjirịa (NPC) mere ka ọzụzụ mgbasa ozi dịkwuo mma maka ngalaba mgbasa ozi. <ref name="BinghamHome" /> Mahadum ahụ na-emepe mmemme Master of Public Health (MPH) na Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), nke a ga-amalite na 2026.<ref name="BinghamHome" /> Ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Ambassador Bulus Lolo Centre rụkọtara ọrụ maka nzukọ Mock African Union Summit na 2024, na-akwalite nkà ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name="Facebook">{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/BinghamUniversity/|title=Bingham University|work=Facebook|accessdate=6 August 2025}}</ref> == Nchịkwa == Ndị ndu mahadum ahụ gụnyere: - Onye isi ala: Prọfesọ Andrew Haruna, FNAL, FLAN, FCPA, FSPMDP - Onye isi oche: Prọfesọ Haruna Kuje Ayuba (onye a họpụtara na 2023) <ref name="DailyTrust">{{Cite web|url=https://dailytrust.com/bingham-varsity-appoints-prof-ayuba-as-vice-chancellor/|title=Bingham Varsity Appoints Prof Ayuba as Vice Chancellor|work=Daily Trust|date=2023-12-16|accessdate=6 August 2025}}</ref> - Onye bụbu osote onye isi ala: Prọfesọ A.T. Gana (nwụrụ anwụ, VC mbụ) - Onye isi ala: Prọfesọ Gwamna Dogara Far - Onye na-edebanye aha: Maazị Daburi Bello Misal<ref name="BinghamAdmission" /> Mahadum ahụ na-agbaso ụkpụrụ NUC, na-ahụ maka iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe agụmakwụkwọ na nchịkwa.<ref name="UniRank"/> == Ndụ ụmụ akwụkwọ == Mahadum Bingham na-enwe ebe a na-adọ aka ná ntị nke nwere ikike obibi na akwụkwọ ikike ịpụ maka ịhapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name="NigerianScholars">{{Cite web|url=https://nigerianscholars.com/school/bingham-university/courses/|title=List of Courses Offered at Bingham University|work=Nigerian Scholars|date=2020-05-30|accessdate=6 August 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://nigerianscholars.com/school/bingham-university/courses/ "List of Courses Offered at Bingham University"]. ''Nigerian Scholars''. 30 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Ihe owuwu gụnyere ọbá akwụkwọ, ụlọ egwuregwu, na òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ, na-akwalite itinye aka na obodo.<ref name="UniRank"/> Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-aja mma maka agụmakwụkwọ siri ike mana ha detuo ihe ịma aka nke akụrụngwa, dị ka ọnọdụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ.<ref name="EDUopinions">{{Cite web|url=https://www.eduopinions.com/universities/universities-in-nigeria/bingham-university/|title=Bingham University Reviews|work=EDUopinions|date=2022-07-28|accessdate=6 August 2025}}</ref> Usoro nnabata 2024/2025, meghere na 2 Septemba 2024, chọrọ akara UTME nke 150 na ise O'Level credits, gụnyere Mathematics na Bekee.<ref name="BinghamAdmission">{{Cite web|url=https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/admission|title=Admission Guidelines|work=Bingham University|accessdate=6 August 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.binghamuni.edu.ng/admission "Admission Guidelines"]. ''Bingham University''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ a ma ama == Ọ bụ ezie na data ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-ejedebe, Mahadum Bingham emepụtala ndị ọkachamara na ọgwụ, iwu, na teknụzụ, na-enye aka na ndị ọrụ Naịjirịa.<ref name="BinghamMission"/> Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a ma ama gụnyere ndị dọkịta a zụrụ na BUTH na ndị ọchụnta ego si na Faculty of Entrepreneurship.<ref name="BUTH">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhuth.org.ng/|title=Home - Bingham University Teaching Hospital|work=BUTH|accessdate=6 August 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bhuth.org.ng/ "Home - Bingham University Teaching Hospital"]. ''BUTH''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke mahadum na Naịjirịa * [[Education in Nasarawa State|Agụmakwụkwọ na steeti Nasarawa]] * Mahadum onwe onye na Naịjirịa == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] eidzagkl9fo35vkp3zgk7ialgb0gsf8 0 72556 692580 631040 2026-07-30T10:42:35Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692580 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mahadum Fountain''' (FUO) bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum nkeonwe dị na Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, hiwere iji nye agụmakwụkwọ gbadoro ụkwụ na ụkpụrụ islam<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unirank.org/ng/uni/fountain-university-osogbo/|title=Fountain University|publisher=www.unirank.org|accessdate=9 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/student/know-your-university-nigeria-s-59-private-universities-locations-vice-chancellors-names-websites-dates-of-establishment-id3687732.html|title=Nigeria's 59 private universities …locations, Vice Chancellors names, websites, dates of establishment|publisher=pulse.ng|work=Kukogho Iruesiri Samson|date=22 April 2015|accessdate=10 August 2015|archivedate=22 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822135528/http://www.pulse.ng/student/know-your-university-nigeria-s-59-private-universities-locations-vice-chancellors-names-websites-dates-of-establishment-id3687732.html}}</ref> N'ịbụ nke e guzobere dị ka Mahadum nke Nasrul-lahi-li Fatih Society site na Nasrul-lahy-li Fata ([[NASFAT]]) Society na Mee 17, 2007, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Anaekwe|first=Ikechukwu|date=August 27, 2023|title=Fountain University, Osogbo, Osun State|url=https://six33four.ng/blog/article/fountain-university-osogbo-osun-state|accessdate=May 20, 2024|work=six33four}}</ref> mahadum ugbu a nwere kọleji ise: College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, College of Management and Social Sciences, College of Law, na College of Arts. A na-atụle atụmatụ maka kọleji nke injinịa na agụmakwụkwọ. Mahadum ahụ na-akwadokwa Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Postgraduate Studies na-enye mmemme na-arụsi ọrụ ike maka diploma diploma, master's degrees, na Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Mmalite nke Nasrul-Lahi-l-Fatih Society of Nigeria [[NASFAT]] - onye nwe Mahadum Fountain - lekwasịrị anya na nzukọ ekpere maka ndị isi Alakụba, iji mepụta ohere maka ha, soro ndị ọkà mmụta Alakụba na-emekọrịta ihe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=History – Fountain University|url=https://fuo.edu.ng/history/|work=fuo.edu.ng|accessdate=2020-05-24|archivedate=2020-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923000751/https://fuo.edu.ng/history/}}</ref> Ọchịchọ nke [[NASFAT]] iguzobe mahadum sitere na iwu agụmakwụkwọ ya na atụmatụ ya gosipụtara na ntụgharị atụmatụ ya na Akodo, Lagos, na 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|author=press_admin|date=2023-12-05|title=History of Fountain University Osogbo|url=https://presspay.ng/news/2023/12/05/history-of-fountain-university-osogbo/|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=PressPayNg Blog|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518132630/https://presspay.ng/news/2023/12/05/history-of-fountain-university-osogbo/}}</ref> Site na mbido a, ọha mmadụ malitere usoro a haziri ahazi nke dugara n'ịkwado nzukọ agụmakwụkwọ ebe kọmitii na-eme atụmatụ mmadụ iri na asatọ maka mahadum ahụ pụtara na Jenụwarị afọ 2004. Enyere Mahadum Fountain ikike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka Mahadum nkeonwe na Mee 17, 2007, site n'aka gọọmentị etiti na ntinye aka nke National Universities Commission. N'ịgbaso nke a, e hibere kọmitii mmejuputa atụmatụ nke Mahadum Fountain ka ọ bụrụ "na kansụl loco" iji mee ka ọmụmụ mahadum ahụ pụta ìhè. Kọmiti a rụsiri ọrụ ike n'iwepụta ihe ndị a ga-eji na mahadum ahụ malite. E bibiri kọmitii a na Septemba 2007 ka mraranye Kansụl Na-achị Isi nke Prọfesọ N.O. Adedipe. Kansụl Na-achị Isi nke mbụ mezuru afọ anọ mbụ ya na Septemba 2011 ka e mezigharịrị ya. == Nchịkwa == Ndị isi ndị isi nọ ugbu a na njikwa mahadum bụ: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ọfịs !Onye nwe ya |- |Onye isi ala |Alh. [[Umaru Mutallab]] CON<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ayodeji Ake|first=Thisday|date=January 24, 2020|title=Mutallab Named Fountain University Chancellor|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/01/24/mutallab-named-fountain-university-chancellor|accessdate=February 23, 2024|work=ThisDay Live}}</ref> |- |Onye isi ala na Onye isi oche na-achịkwa |Dr. Awa Ibraheem FCA |- |Onye isi oche nke Trustee |Mallam Yusuf Olaolu Ali, SAN |- |Onye isi ala |Prọfesọ [[Olayinka Ramota Karim]] |} Mahadum ahụ nwere ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ 28 nke a haziri na kọleji 5, ya bụ, Arts, Natural and Applied Sciences, Basic Medical Health Sciences, Management and Social Sciences, and Law. Mahadum ahụ nwekwara ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Postgraduate Studies ebe a na-ahazi agụmakwụkwọ postgraduate niile. Mahadum Fountain nwere ụlọ obibi 9 nke na-enye ebe obibi maka ihe dị ka 90% nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-amụ mgbe niile. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ nzukọ ndị a ma ama na mahadum ahụ gụnyere Ishaq Oloyede Hostel, Yusuf Ali Hostel, Jubrila Ayinla Hall, Adegunwa Hostel, Nimbe Adedipe Hostel na ndị ọzọ. Mahadum ahụ nwere ụlọ egwuregwu maka ndị ọrụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ na campus, yana ụlọ ndị ọbịa iji nabata ndị nchọpụta na ndị ọbịa nke Mahadum. == Kọleji == Ebe e si nweta ya: <ref>{{Cite web|author=Website|first=Fountain University|date=|title=Fountain University {{!}} Colleges|url=https://fuo.edu.ng/|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref> * Kọleji nke Basic Medical and Health Sciences (COBMHES) * College of Natural and Applied Sciences (CONAS) * College of Management and Social Sciences (COMAS) * Kọleji nke Iwu (COLAW) * College of Arts and Education E debere Wayback Machine * Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Postgraduate Studies (SPGS) == Ebe agụmakwụkwọ == * Center for Research, Innovation and Technology<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fountain|first=University|date=August 24, 2021|title=Centre for Research, Innovation and Technology|url=https://fuo.edu.ng/fucrit}}</ref> * Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọzụzụ na Mmepe n'Ụlọ * Ụlọ Ọrụ Maka Mmepe Ọchụnta ego * Ụlọ Ọrụ Maka Ọmụmụ Ọrụ * Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Njikọ na Ọganihu * Ụlọ Ọrụ Mmepe Obodo. == Ndị osote chancellor == Onye osote Onye isi ala na-akwado ndị osote onyeisiala abụọ. Ndị bụbu na ndị nọ ugbu a rụzuru ọnọdụ ahụ bụ: # Prọfesọ [[Olayinka Ramota Karim]] - Mar. 2023 - ruo taa<ref>{{Cite web|author=Suleiman|first=Qosim|date=January 13, 2023|title=Fountain University appoints first female vice-chancellor|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/575589-fountain-university-appoints-first-female-vice-chancellor.html|work=Premium Times Nigeria}}</ref> # Prọfesọ Sanni, Olalekan Amidu - Machị 2018 ruo Febụwarị 2023 # Prọfesọ Abdullateef Usman (Ag) - Dec. 2016 ruo Febụwarị 2018 # Prọfesọ Bashir Ademola Raji - Dec. 2012 ruo Nov. 2016 # Prọfesọ H.O.B Oloyede - Ọktoba 2007 ruo Disemba 2012 == Ụlọ ngosi nke Campus == <gallery mode="packed" heights="120"> Faịlụ:Evening_View_from_Fountain_University,_Osogbo.jpg|Evening View from Fountain University |Senate Building, Fountain University. Faịlụ:Locations_on_Fountain_University_01.jpg|Lecture hall donated by Eti-osa branch of NASFAT Faịlụ:Locations_on_Fountain_University_02.jpg|School of Postgraduate Studies in Fountain University Osogbo Faịlụ:Buildings_on_Fountain_University.jpg|Multipurpose hall in Fountain University Osogbo Faịlụ:Facility_on_Fountain_University.jpg|Digital Economy Center in Fountain University </gallery> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}}{{Universities in Nigeria}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5kqdt003c9ptis9o4hr4smn451aleva 0 72746 692442 596010 2026-07-30T04:57:38Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Egwu na asụsụ */ removed broken file 692442 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Belfast Harp Society''' (1808–1813) na onye nọchiri ya, '''Irish Harp Society''' (1819–1839), bụ otu ndị na-eme ebere e guzobere n'obodo Belfast, Ireland, maka ebumnuche nke ịkwado egwu na omenala nke ndị na-akpọ ụbọ akwara Irish na-agagharị agagharị, na nke abụọ, ịkwalite ọmụmụ asụsụ Irish, akụkọ ihe mere eme, na ihe ochie. Maka nkwado ya, otu mbụ ahụ dabere na ndị agha ochie nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ịhụ mba n'anya na mgbanwe nke afọ 1780 na 1790, gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị Irish United Men na-enweghị nchegharị. N'ime nkewa nke òtù okpukpe ya, Belfast ghọrọ onye iro na-arịwanye elu maka mmasị Protestant na omenala Irish pụrụ iche. Òtù ahụ laghachiri azụ dị ka Irish Harp Society na 1819 naanị n'ihi nnukwu ndenye aha na oge nke sitere n'aka ndị si mba ọzọ na India. Ozugbo isi mmalite ahụ gwụchara, otu ọhụrụ ahụ kwụsịrị ọrụ ya. == Òtù Belfast Harp == === Ndị debanyere aha === E hiwere Belfast Harp Society n'ọgbakọ emere n'ụbọchị St. Patrick, 1808, bụ atụmatụ nke ndị otu Society for Promoting Knowledge (Linen Hall Library) . Ndị dọkịta obodo bụ James MacDonnell, Samuel Bryson na Robert Tennent sere iwu ndị a. Ebumnuche ndị e kwupụtara bụ: <ref>{{Cite book|author=Magee|first=John|title=The Heritage of the Harp: the Linen Hall Library and the Preservation of Irish Music|publisher=Linen Hall Library|year=1992|isbn=0-9508985-5-4|location=Belfast|pages=20}}</ref><blockquote>ichekwa egwu mba na ngwa egwu mba Ireland site n'ịkụziri ọtụtụ ụmụaka kpuru ìsì ịkpọ ụbọ akwara Irish, nakwa inweta na ịgbasa ozi gbasara asụsụ, akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe ochie nke Ireland.</blockquote>N'ịbụ onye isi ndepụta mmadụ 191 na-ekwe nkwa maka ebumnuche a n'etiti otu guinea na iri abụọ guinea kwa afọ, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Killen|first=John|title=A History of the Linen Hall Library, 1788-1988|publisher=The Linen Hall Library|year=1990|isbn=978-0-9508985-4-4|location=Belfast|pages=184}}</ref> bụ onye nwe obodo ahụ, Marquess nke Donegall . <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Salmon|first=John|date=1895|title=Belfast's first Irish Harp Society,1808|url=https://www.byersmusic.com/resources/Belfast%27s%20first%20Irish%20Harp%20Society%201808.pdf|journal=Ulster Journal of Archaeology|volume=1|issue=2|pages=151}}</ref> Onyeisiala ahụ bụ Earl O'Neill . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Ó Snodaigh|first=Pádraig|title=Hidden Ulster, Protestants and the Irish Language|publisher=Lagan Press|year=1995|isbn=1873687354|location=Belfast|pages=69}}</ref> Ma n'ime ndị debanyere aha na obodo Presbyterian nke ukwuu, ọtụtụ ndị, dịka ndị United Irishmen, gbara ndị oké ozu na ndị Anglican ha aka. Gilbert McIlveen, onye guzobere United Irishmen <ref>{{Cite book|author=Byers|first=David|title=The Gatherings of Irish Harpers, 1780-1840|publisher=The Irish Pages Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-8382018-8-3|location=Belfast|pages=81}}</ref> bụ onyeisi otu ahụ ma dabere na nkwado nke Dr. William Drennan, onye dịka onye dere ule United Irish ma ọ bụ nkwa kpọrọ oku maka "njikọta ike n'etiti ndị Irish nke okpukperechi ọ bụla"; <ref>{{Cite book|title=Belfast politics: or, A collection of the debates, resolutions, and other proceedings of that town in the years 1792, and 1793|publisher=H. Joy & Co.|year=1794|editor=William Bruce and Henry Joy|location=Belfast|pages=145}}</ref> Nwanne nwanyị Drennan na onye ya na ya so na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Martha McTier ; Francis, John, na Mary Ann McCracken, ụmụnne nwoke na nwanne nwanyị nke Henry Joy McCracken bụ onye duziri ndị nnupụisi ahụ gburu nna Earl O'Neill n'agha na Antrim ma mesịa kwụgbuo ya; Nwanne Robert Tennent bụ́ William, onye bụbu onye mkpọrọ steeti; na Thomas McCabe, nwa ya nwoke bụ́ William Putnam McCabe a manyere ịga mba ọzọ na France mgbe ọ gbasịrị mbọ ya na Robert Emmet ka ha mee ka nnupụisi nke ndị Republican maliteghachi na 1803. Mmalite nke otu a malitere n'oge Ememme Harp mbụ nke Belfast mere na Julaị 1792. Emere nke a maka ọdịmma nke [[Òtù Enyemaka nke Belfast|Belfast Charitable Society]] mana o dabara na emume ụbọchị Bastille nke obodo ahụ. Ndị a juputara na ngagharị iwe nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mpaghara ahụ, na mkpebi, nke ndị otu United Irishmen e guzobere ọhụrụ mere, iji kwado nnwere onwe Katọlik na mgbanwe omeiwu . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Boydell|first=Barra|date=1998|title=The United Irishmen, Music, Harps, and National Identity|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30064324|journal=Eighteenth-Century Ireland / Iris an dá chultúr|volume=13|pages=(44–51) 47|doi=10.3828/eci.1998.5|issn=0790-7915}}</ref> === Egwu na asụsụ === Ndị otu Belfast Society for Promoting Knowledge (nke a maara n'oge ahụ dị ka Belfast Reading Society) haziri Ememme Harp nke afọ 1792 ọzọ: James MacDonnell, Henry Joy, Robert Bradshaw na Robert Simms . N'ịbụ ndị MacDonnell gbara ume ma ezinụlọ ya na-azụlite ya kwadoro, Edward (Atty) Bunting dere egwu nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri iri ahụ. Na 1808, a họpụtara ya onye nduzi egwu nke otu ọhụrụ ahụ, ebe Mary Ann McCracken na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi dị ka odeakwụkwọ ya. <ref name="boy22">{{Cite book|author=O'Byrne|first=Cathal|title=As I roved out|publisher=At the Sign of the Three Candles|year=1946|location=Dublin}}</ref> Onye nkuzi Bunting bụ onye kacha eme ihe nkiri n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri 1792, Arthur O'Neill nke Dungannon, ugbu a dị afọ 75. O'Neill ga-akụziri ụmụaka dara ogbenye site na afọ iri, ndị kpuru ìsì dịka ya, ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ichekwa ihe nketa egwu ya na, dị ka ndị na-akpọ ụbọ akwara, iji zọpụta ebubo ya na ndụ ịda ogbenye. Na Julaị 1809, Society gbasaara mmemme ya iji tinye klaasị n'asụsụ Irish . James Cody nyere ya, Mary Ann McCracken (onye a maara na ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na asụsụ Irish nke Charles Vallenty), <ref>{{Cite book|author=Vallancey|first=Charles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBVcZue2L5EC&q=A+Grammar+of+the+Iberno-Celtic+or+Irish+Language|title=A Grammar of the Iberno-Celtic, or Irish language.|date=1782|publisher=R. Marchbank|location=Dublin|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Gray|first=John|url=https://www.reclaimtheenlightenment.net/mary-ann-mccracken-pamphlet|title=Mary Ann McCracken|publisher=Reclaim the Enlightenment|year=2020|location=Belfast|pages=22}}</ref> na ndị enyi ya Gaeilgeoir, na ndị otu ya debanyere aha, onye na-ede uri bụ Mary Balfour nke Limavady na ụmụnne ya bụ Samuel na Andrew Bryson nabatara ha nke ọma. Dr MacDonnell, Robert James Tennent (nwa Robert Tennent), na injinia Alexander Mitchell tinyere aka na ndenye aha ọzọ iji kwado mbọ Cody. Cody jiri akwụkwọ [https://www.newulsterbiography.co.uk/index.php/home/viewPerson/1239 William Neilson] bipụtara ọhụrụ ''nke Introduction to the Irish Language'' . Na Disemba nke afọ ahụ, ụmụ akwụkwọ ya iri na abụọ kpuru O'Neill gaa nri abalị iji gosi mbipụta nke akwụkwọ nke abụọ nke Bunting ''<nowiki/>'s Ancient Music of Ireland.'' Ha zutere "n'ụzọ dị oke egwu", e mere emume egwu ha dị ka mmeri. Site na isi ihe a, ihe gbasara Society emeghị nke ọma. === Demis === Na Febụwarị 1810, O'Neill boro naanị nwa akwụkwọ ya nwanyị, Miss Reilly, ebubo na ya na nwa akwụkwọ ọzọ nwere "mmekọrịta na-ekwesịghị ekwesị". Ọ bụ ezie na a tọhapụrụ ya mgbe a nyochachara ya, ihe merenụ sochiri ihe ọjọọ ahụ bụ ịchụpụ mmadụ abụọ n'ime klas O'Neill dị ka "ndị na-enweghị ike ịmụta ụbọ akwara site n'ọmụmụ ihe ha". Ndị debanyere aha malitere ịkwụsị nkwado ha. Oge egwuregwu isii nke ịgba ego n'okpuru nkwado nke Marchioness nke Donegall enweghị ike ịkwụghachi ụgwọ ahụ. Na 1813, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ mechiri. Njide e jidere onye na-ahụ maka ego ha, Robert Tennent, n'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1813 mere ka ihe isi ike nke otu ahụ ka njọ. Ka ọ na-aga n'ihu n'ọgbakọ obodo iji mee mkpesa maka ogbugbu e gburu ndị ngagharị iwe abụọ (ndị Protestant, ndị Presbyterian) <ref>{{Cite news|author=McKitrick|first=David|date=1 July 2013|title=Belfast: Bitter divisions before the first stone was cast|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/opinion/columnists/belfast-bitter-divisions-before-the-first-stone-was-cast-29384767.html|accessdate=2022-02-16|work=belfasttelegraph|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Whelan|first=Fergus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5HVDwAAQBAJ|title=May Tyrants Tremble: The Life of William Drennan, 1754–1822|date=2020-03-21|publisher=Merrion Press|isbn=978-1-78855-123-6|pages=276|language=en}}</ref> site n'aka ihe ọhụrụ dị na ndụ obodo ahụ, na-egosi Orangemen, a boro Tennent ebubo ịwakpo nwanne nwoke nke Lord Donegall na onye ụkọchukwu Anglican nke Belfast, Edward May. A mara ya ikpe ọnwa atọ. <ref name=":22">{{Cite web|author=Maguire|first=W.A.|date=2009|title=Tennent, Robert {{!}} Dictionary of Irish Biography|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/tennent-robert-a8504|accessdate=2022-02-15|work=www.dib.ie}}</ref> === Ihe nketa === Ụlọ ọrụ ochie nke Ireland, George Petrie, rụrụ ụka na Society nwere ntụpọ n'echiche: <blockquote>Mgbalị ndị Ugwu mere iji mee ka ụbọ akwara dịgide na Ireland site n'ịgbalị inye ọtụtụ ụmụ okorobịa dara ogbenye nkà nke onye na-akụ ụbọ akwara bụ n'otu oge ahụ ihe dị mma na nke ịhụ mba n'anya; mana ọ bụ ihe nzuzu. Ụbọ akwara n'oge ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ, mgbalị dị otú ahụ nwekwara ike inye ya naanị ụdị ike dị egwu. Nhọrọ nke ụmụ nwoke kpuru ìsì, n'enweghị nkwanye ùgwù maka ikike egwu ha karịa inwe akụkụ ahụ nke ịnụ ihe, maka oku nke mere ka ha bie ndụ na-awagharị, dabere na ndụ karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị kpamkpam na ọmịiko nke ndị dara ogbenye, ma bụrụkwa ihe na-eme ka ha na-akpakọrịta, abụghị obiọma a na-atụle nke ọma, ekwesịghịkwa inwe olileanya ọ bụla maka ihe ịga nke ọma.</blockquote>Na 1818, a kọrọ na "ọtụtụ ndị na-akpọ ụbọ akwara kpuru ìsì gụrụ akwụkwọ na seminarị na Belfast" "na-agagharị n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke obodo ahụ", sitekwa n'inye ndị na-anụ ha ihe ntụrụndụ na-atọ ụtọ na nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ", ha nwere ike ịkwado onwe ha. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Warburton|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFkxAQAAMAAJ|title=History of the City of Dublin, from the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time|publisher=T. Cadell and W. Davies|year=1818|location=Dublin|pages=767|language=en}}</ref> === Òtù Dublin === Òtù Belfast Harp bụ ihe nlereanya maka otu Harp Society na Dublin, ma dị njikere ịlanarị nwa oge. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hibernicus|date=1809|title=On the Revival of the Irish Harp|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30073566|journal=The Belfast Monthly Magazine|volume=3|issue=14|pages=183|doi=10.2307/30073566|issn=1758-1605}}</ref> John Bernard Trotter si Downpatrick (onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ nke Whig dị ike, Charles James Fox ) kpọbatara n'isi obodo Ireland otu nwoke nke so Arthur O'Neill gbaa ọsọ maka ịtụle ya dị ka "onye ikpeazụ n'ime agbụrụ ndị na-akpọ ụbọ akwara ochie", Patrick Quinn, onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara kpuru ìsì si Portadown onye nwere ụbọ akwara Otway. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Early Gaelic Harp Info: the Otway harp|url=https://www.earlygaelicharp.info/harps/otway.htm#:~:text=Dated%201707,%20but%20may%20be,is%20not%20normally%20on%20display.&text=The%20Castle%20Otway%20harp%20was,Irish%20harper%20Patrick%20Quin%20(c.|accessdate=2024-11-13|work=www.earlygaelicharp.info}}</ref> E hiwere ọha mmadụ n'ime ndị na-enyere ya aka, Sir Walter Scott na Thomas Moore . N'ime ọnwa abụọ, ọ malitere emume ncheta Carolan dị egwu n'obodo ahụ, mana ego Trotter gbapụrụ. Ọ dara ogbenye na 1812. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Grattan Flood|first=William H|date=1905|title=Irish Harp Festivals and Harp Societies (2)|url=https://www.libraryireland.com/IrishMusic/XXVII-2.php|accessdate=2022-02-25|work=www.libraryireland.com}}</ref> == Òtù Egwu Irish == === Ndebanye aha Bengal === Arthur O'Neill lara ezumike nká na County Tyrone site na ego ezumike nká £30 nke James MacDonnell na nwanne ya nwoke Alexander nyere afọ ofufo, ha abụọ ka O'Neill kụziiri ha ịkpọ ụbọ akwara n'oge ha bụ nwata. N'ịbụ ndị bịara were onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara kpuru ìsì dị ka akụ mba, Society n'onwe ya enyeghị ndokwa ọ bụla maka afọ ikpeazụ ya. E zigara akụkọ banyere nsogbu ego nke Society na ọnọdụ O'Neill ("Onyeisi Minstrel ikpeazụ nke Erin, onye na-enweghị enyi, onye nwere ume, na onye ") na June na Nọvemba 1814 na ''Belfast Commercial Chronicle'' . N'ikpeazụ, ndị a ruru ndị Ireland si mba ọzọ nọ n'isi obodo British India n'oge ahụ, Calcutta . N'ihi ya, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ ise ka e mesịrị, ndị bụbu ndị otu bọọdụ ahụ hụrụ onwe ha na nnata nke ihe karịrị £1,000 "iji mee ka Harp na Ancient Music of Ireland dịghachi ndụ". Ebe ọ bụ na O'Neill nwụrụ afọ atọ mgbe ahụ, ego ahụ raara nye mgbalị ọhụrụ nke were ndị bụbu ụmụ akwụkwọ O'Neill n'ọrụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Neill|first=Lily|date=2019|title=A Celebration of the Belfast Linen Hall Library's Beath Collection and the Bicentennial of the Irish Harp Society of Belfast (1819-39)|url=https://www.mustrad.org.uk/enth85.htm|accessdate=2022-02-21|work=www.mustrad.org.uk}}</ref> Na 1856, ''akwụkwọ akụkọ The Illustrated London News'' kọrọ na "egwu mba ochie nke Ireland na-adị ndụ site n'aka mmadụ ole na ole dị umeala n'obi, ndị na-agagharị n'obodo ha, karịsịa na-egwu egwu n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ". Naanị "onye na-akụ ụbọ akwara dị mma" fọdụrụ bụ Patrick Byrne, nke Farney, County Monaghan, onye nwere nsọpụrụ nke ịkpọ egwu n'ihu [[Queen Victoria]] na Balmoral afọ ole na ole gara aga. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Old News Clippings: The Illustrated London News, (London, England) October 11, 1856. page 371|url=https://www.wirestrungharp.com/harps/harpers/old_news/|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=www.wirestrungharp.com}}</ref> Byrne gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Irish Harp School na Belfast na 1821. == Òtù Harp Historical Harp nke Ireland nke oge a == Kemgbe afọ 2002, otu Historical Harp Society nke Ireland dị na Kilkenny amaliteghachila ọrụ dị mkpa nke òtù harp Belfast. Site n'ịchọpụtaghachi ụbọ akwara ochie nke ụdị nke O'Neill na Rainey na-akpọ, HHSI na-achọ ịlaghachi "n'ụwa n'ezi ụda nke egwu Irish kacha ochie". Maka ebumnuche a, otu ahụ na-akpọkọta ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-ege ntị, ndị egwuregwu na ndị nkuzi, ndị nchọpụta na ndị ọkachamara, na ndị na-eme harp na ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara organism. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About I The Historical Harp Society of Ireland - The Historical Harp Society of Ireland|url=https://www.irishharp.org/about|accessdate=2022-09-02|work=www.irishharp.org}}</ref> == Leekwa == * Ndị Ulster zoro ezo, ndị Protestant na asụsụ Irish == Ihe ndetu == {{Reflist}} == Edensibia == * Byers, David (2022). ''Nzukọ nke Ndị Irish Harpers, 1780-1840'' . Belfast: Akwụkwọ akụkọ Irish Pages. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-8382018-8-3|<bdi>978-1-8382018-8-3</bdi>]] . * Magee, John (1992). ''Ihe Nketa nke Harp: Ọbá Akwụkwọ Linen Hall na Nchekwa Egwu Irish'' . Belfast: Ọbá Akwụkwọ Linen Hall. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-9508985-5-4|<bdi>0-9508985-5-4</bdi>]] . [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4kvoqf0srz2a6ijwtf4q3mqjxqfnv0c 0 73016 692383 672882 2026-07-29T22:24:54Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort and databox 692383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Farooq Adamu Kperogi''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1973) bụ prọfesọ Naijiria-Amerịka, <ref name=":0" /> onye edemede, ọkà mmụta mgbasa ozi, onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye na-ede blọgụ na onye na-eme mkpọsa. Ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ akụkọ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mbiputa akwụkwọ akụkọ na Naijiria gụnyere Daily Trust, Daily Triumph na nke bụ New Nigerian ugbu a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2021-03-26|title=Renowned Nigerian columnist, university teacher, Farooq Kperogi, promoted professor|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/451453-renowned-nigerian-columnist-university-teacher-farooq-kperogi-promoted-professor.html|accessdate=2021-12-18|language=en-GB|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Farooq Kperogi {{!}} Kennesaw State University - Academia.edu|url=https://kennesaw.academia.edu/FarooqKperogi/CurriculumVitae|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=kennesaw.academia.edu}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka omennyocha na Ngalaba Nnyocha na Nkwurịta Okwu nke onye isi ala n'oge [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] bụ onye isi ala ma kụzie ịchụ nta akụkọ na [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]] yana Kaduna Polytechnic. Ọ bụ prọfesọ zuru oke na ngalaba ịchụ nta akụkọ na mgbasa ozi na-apụta apụta na Mahadum Kennesaw State na Georgia, United States. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-03-26|title=Tribune columnist, Farooq Kperogi, promoted full professor in US varsity|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/tribune-columnist-farooq-kperogi-promoted-full-professor-in-us-varsity/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name="Kperogi">{{Cite web|title=About me|url=http://www.farooqkperogi.com/p/about-me.html|work=farooqkperogi.com|publisher=Farooq A. Kperogi|accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref> <ref name="Kperogi 2">{{Cite web|title=Farooq Kperogi|url=http://socm.hss.kennesaw.edu/faculty-staff/farooq-kperogi/|work=socm.hss.kennesaw.edu|publisher=Kennesaw State University|accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Kperogi 3">{{Cite web|title=Why British English is full of silly-sounding words|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20170619-why-british-english-is-full-of-silly-sounding-words|work=bbc.com|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na Naịjirịa nke onye bụbu onye isi ala na-ekwu maka nchepụta ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-10|title="I was disappointed by [Wole Soyinka's] uncharacteristic silence between 2015 and 2019" – Farooq Kperogi|url=https://www.thenews-chronicle.com/i-was-disappointed-by-wole-soyinkas-uncharacteristic-silence-between-2015-and-2019-farooq-kperogi/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=The News Chronicle|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-24|title=Why Nigeria needs a third force to dislodge Buhari -- Obasanjo {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/256524-nigeria-needs-third-force-dislodge-buhari-obasanjo.html|accessdate=2021-12-18|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye dere ''Glocal English: The Changing Face and Forms of Nigerian English'', nke e bipụtara na 2015, dị ka mpịakọta nke iri itoolu na isii na usoro Berkeley Insights na Linguistics and Semiotic . <ref name="Kperogi 4">{{Cite web|title=Berkeley Insights in Linguistics and Semiotics|url=https://www.peterlang.com/view/serial/BILS|work=www.peterlang.com|publisher=Peter Lang|accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Kperogi 5">{{Cite web|title=7 Questions to a Linguist: Dr. Farooq Kperogi on "Glocal" English|url=https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2015/08/17/7-questions-linguist-dr-farooq-kperogi-glocal-english/|work=altalang.com|date=17 August 2015|publisher=ALTA|accessdate=6 October 2017|archivedate=6 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162724/https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2015/08/17/7-questions-linguist-dr-farooq-kperogi-glocal-english/}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye dere Nigeria's Digital Diaspora Citizen Media, Democracy, and Participation (Ụlọ ọrụ mbiputa Mahadum Rochester 2020) nke e nyere onye merìrì "2021 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title". <ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-03|title=Tribune columnist Kperogi's book wins 2021 Choice Outstanding Academic Title|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/tribune-columnist-kperogis-book-wins-2021-choice-outstanding-academic-title/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Kperogi n'afọ 1973, na Okuta, okpuru ọchịchị Baruten nke Kwara Steeti, Naijiria ma bụrụ onye òtù ndị Bariba (Batoonu). <ref name="Kperogi 6">{{Cite web|title=Kperogi: The Man Who Redefined Grammar Column Writing in Nigeria|url=http://www.jarushub.com/kperogi-the-man-who-redefined-grammar-column-writing-in-nigeria/?doing_wp_cron=1507288730.7060449123382568359375|work=jarushub.com|date=25 May 2013|publisher=JarusHub|accessdate=6 October 2017|archivedate=6 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006170724/http://www.jarushub.com/kperogi-the-man-who-redefined-grammar-column-writing-in-nigeria/?doing_wp_cron=1507288730.7060449123382568359375}}</ref> Ọ gara Mahadum Bayero n'etiti afọ 1993 na 1997, ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na mgbasa ozi ohaneze. O nwetara nzere masta na mgbasa ozi na Mahadum Louisiana na Lafayette yana nzere Ph.D. na Mahadum Georgia State na United States na 2011. <ref name="Kperogi"/> == Ndụ ya na ọrụ ya == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Bayero, Kano, Kperogi malitere ịrụ ọrụ dịka onye ntà akụkọ reporter n'ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi dị na [[Katsina]] na [[Kano]] tupu o sonyere Media Trust dịka onye ntà akụkọ maka ''Weekly Trust pịachirilanu''  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụnuuzpepa nke gọọmentị etiti nwere, the ''New Nigerian'', nke pịachirila ugbua na mbido afọ ndị 2000. Kperogi malitere ọrụ ya dịka onye gụrụ akwụkwọ n'etiti 2000 na 2002 na Kaduna Polytechnic, ebe ọ kuziri ichụ nta akụkọ na ịgbasa ozi ọha. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ọ kụzikwara ihe na [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]]Zaria nw'obere oge na 2004.<ref name="Kperogi 2"/> N'etiti 2002 na 2004, Kperogi rụrụ ọrụ n'oge ọchịchị onye isi ala [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Olusequn Obasanjo]] dịka onye edemede onye isi ala na onye omennyocha. Kperogi na-ede akụkụ abụọ, "Politics of Grammar" and "Notes from Atlanta", maka àgbà nke ngwụcha izu sitere na ''Daily Trust nke Abuja''. Kperogi edeela ihe ebe ọ dị ukwuu gbasara asụsụ Bekee Nigeria.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20170619-why-british-english-is-full-of-silly-sounding-words|work=BBC|title=Why British English is full of silly-sounding words|author=Christine Ro|date=19 June 2017|accessdate=21 January 2018}}</ref> == Ndụ alụmdi na nwunye Ya == Farooq Kperogi lụrụ Maureen Erinne Kperogi onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ nwanyị atọ na otu nwa nwoke.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Notes From Atlanta: Mourning My Wife and Best Friend|url=https://www.farooqkperogi.com/2010/07/mourning-my-wife-and-best-friend.html|accessdate=2021-06-10|work=www.farooqkperogi.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-22|title=My children cherish calling them their pet names more than gifts –Kperogi|url=https://punchng.com/my-children-cherish-calling-them-their-pet-names-more-than-gifts-kperogi/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> == "Ihe odide sitere na Atlanta" == Akụkụ na-akọ maka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị "Notes from Atlanta" nke Kperogi na-ede na akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi Daily Trust ka a kwụsịrị na Disemba 2018 n'okpuru nrụgide sitere n'aka onye isi ala [[Muhammadu Buhari]] <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=The Kperogi affair and the road to totalitarianism|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/the-kperogi-affair-and-the-road-to-totalitarianism/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|publisher=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> nke ọ katọrọ na kọlụm yana na ndị ọ na-ede na soshal midia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-29|title=Buhari not competent to govern any country – Kperogi|url=https://punchng.com/buhari-not-competent-govern-country-kperogi/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="THEINT">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-08|title=Buhari-Tinubu Alliance Will Crack Noticeably In 2020 – Farooq Kperogi|url=https://theinterview.ng/2019/12/08/buhari-tinubu-alliance-will-crack-noticeably-in-2020-farooq-kperogi/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=TheInterview Nigeria|language=en-GB}}</ref> Iji mee mkpesa, ọ kwụsịrị akwụkwọ ya a ma ama "Politics of Grammar" na Daily Trust na Sunday, nke o dere ihe karịrị afọ iri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kperogi|first=Farooq A.|title=Presidency Pressured Daily Trust to Discontinue my Saturday Column|url=https://www.farooqkperogi.com/2018/12/presidency-pressured-daily-trust-to.html|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Farooq Kperogi}}</ref> Ọ cheela iyi egwu ọnwụ ihu site n'aka ndị na-akwado gọọmentị Naijiria maka kọlụm ndị ọ na-ede na-akatọ gọọmentị yana ihe ndị ọ na-ede na soshal midia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-11|title=KSU professor faces death threats over criticism of government|url=http://theksusentinel.com/2019/11/11/ksu-professor-faces-death-threats-over-criticism-of-government/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=The Sentinel|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="THEINT" /> Akụkụ "Notes from Atlanta" nke Kperogi na-apụta ugbu a na Satọdee ọ bụla na peeji azụ nke Nigerian Tribune, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Notes from Atlanta with Farooq Kperogi Archives|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/category/saturday-with-farooq-kperogi/|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> na Peoples Gazette, akwụkwọ akụkọ dị n'ịntanetị. <ref>{{Cite web|title=FAROOQ KPEROGI, Author at Peoples Gazette|url=https://gazettengr.com/author/mayowa-samuel/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Peoples Gazette|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye ùgwù == * 2021 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title Winner <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-03|title=Farooq Kperogi's 'Nigeria's Digital Diaspora' wins top academic publishing award|url=https://gazettengr.com/farooq-kperogis-nigerias-digital-diaspora-wins-top-academic-publishing-award/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Peoples Gazette|language=en-US}}</ref> * Onyinye onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ pụrụ iche nke Ngalaba Nkwurịta Okwu, Mahadum Louisiana, Lafayette, USA <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://communication.louisiana.edu/sites/communication/files/Cypress%20Lake%20News%202014.pdf|title=Search}}</ref> * Onyinye agụmakwụkwọ pụrụ iche na ọmụmụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Mahadum Georgia State <ref>{{Cite web|title=Farooq Kperogi|url=https://facultyweb.kennesaw.edu/fkperogi/index.php|publisher=Kennesaw State University|accessdate=11 October 2022}}</ref> * Nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba nkwurịta okwu pụrụ iche, Mahadum Louisiana, Lafayette, USA <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://communication.louisiana.edu/sites/communication/files/Cypress%20Lake%20News%202014.pdf|title=Search}}</ref> * Ihe nrite nke Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) maka nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ kacha mma na ngalaba Mass Communication, Mahadum Bayero, Kano == Ọrụ ndị O bipụtara == * ''Glocal English: The Changing Face and Form of Nigerian English in Global World''. New York: Peter Lang, 2015.   * Digital Diaspora nke Nigeria: Citizen Media, Democracy, na Participation. New York: Rochester University Press, 2020. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1580469821|<bdi>978-1580469821</bdi>]] &nbsp; == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website {{DEFAULTSORT:Kperogi, Adamu}} {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] j3ouun7oyfguaagouzuwu6a6s1vzq21 0 73034 692521 596669 2026-07-30T09:27:44Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Fatima Mohammed</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Fatima</div> <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1999-11-24</span>)</span> Nọvemba 24, 1999 <span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (afọ 26) &nbsp;</span> <div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">Maiduguri</div><br /><br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụmụ amaala | class="infobox-data category" |Onye Naijiria |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ọrụ | class="infobox-data role" |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Afọ ndị ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |ugbu a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A maara ya maka&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Princess Sangaya na Mai Martaba |} {{Reflist}} '''Fatima Mohammed''' (nke a na-akpọ '''Sangaya''') bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|Onye Naijiria]] na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme egwuregwu na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Kannywood . == Ndu mbido == A mụrụ Fatima Mohammed n'ọnwa November 24, afọ 1999 na Maiduguri, Borno Steeti, Naijiria. Ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Abuja dị na Naịjirịa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2024-10-25|title=I'm 1st Kannywood star with high budget movie of over N100m – Fatima Mohammad {{!}} Blueprint|url=https://blueprint.ng/im-1st-kannywood-star-with-high-budget-movie-of-over-n100m-fatima-mohammad/|accessdate=2025-08-24|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=ukarofi|date=2024-11-03|title=Yana daga cikin burina lashe Oscar Award – Fatima Sangaya|url=https://manhaja.blueprint.ng/yana-daga-cikin-burina-lashe-oscar-award-fatima-sangaya/|accessdate=2025-08-24|work=Manhaja – Blueprint Hausa version|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmụta == Fatima Mohammed gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị na Abuja, Naịjirịa mana o mechara laghachi na Borno Steeti iji dee Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE). <ref>{{Cite news|title=I never thought I would become an actress – Sangaya|url=https://dailytrust.com/i-never-thought-i-would-become-an-actress-sangaya/|accessdate=2025-08-24|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Fatima Mohammed malitere ọrụ omee ya na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Kannywood n'afọ 2022, obere oge ka o si Borno steeti gaa Kano steeti .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2024-10-25|title=I'm 1st Kannywood star with high budget movie of over N100m – Fatima Mohammad {{!}} Blueprint|url=https://blueprint.ng/im-1st-kannywood-star-with-high-budget-movie-of-over-n100m-fatima-mohammad/|accessdate=2025-08-24|language=en-US}}</ref> O meela ihe nkiri iri abụọ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ: * Mai Martaba - mere dị ka Princess Sangaya<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kannywood’s Most Expensive Movie ‘Mai Martaba’ Premieres|url=https://www.nigeriainfo.fm/news/homepagelagos/kannywoods-most-expensive-movie-mai-martaba-premieres/|accessdate=2025-08-24|work=Nigeria Info, Let's Talk!|language=en}}</ref> * Alaka * Rudani, * Gbuo Ya mere * Ụwa * Abokin Tafiya == Ihe nrite ndị a họpụtara == * Ntinye aha maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma site na Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2024-10-25|title=I'm 1st Kannywood star with high budget movie of over N100m – Fatima Mohammad {{!}} Blueprint|url=https://blueprint.ng/im-1st-kannywood-star-with-high-budget-movie-of-over-n100m-fatima-mohammad/|accessdate=2025-08-24|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{DEFAULTSORT:Mohammed, Fatima}} [[Otú:Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria narị afọ nke 21]] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tp308ip2bqxl0stogtuzy014qar01dk 0 73060 692359 596707 2026-07-29T20:38:51Z Chinemeremprince 13026 692359 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Anneli Andelén''' (A mụrụ ya na 21 Juun 1968) bụ onye bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ na Sweden nke meriri egwuregwu 88 maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụmụ nwanyị nke Sweden, wee nye goolu 37. Ọ nọchitere anya Sweden na FIFA Women's World Cup na 1991 na 1995. Andelén gbakwara bọọlụ klọb ọkachamara na Japan na Suzuyo Shimizu Lovely Ladies. == Ọrụ klọb == Andelén sonyeere Öxabäcks IF dị ka onye dị afọ iri na ise n'afọ 1983 wee merie n'asọmpi league n'oge mbụ ya. Ọ bụ onye kacha gbaa goolu na Damallsvenskan ugboro atọ n'usoro (1992, 1993 na 1994). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bt.se/sport/andelen-minns-de-ljuva-aren%28892100%29.gm|title=Andelén minns de ljuva åren|publisher=[[Borås Tidning]]|language=Swedish|accessdate=19 April 2013|date=5 October 2008|first=Marie|author=Thomasson|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206125159/http://www.bt.se/sport/andelen-minns-de-ljuva-aren%28892100%29.gm|archivedate=6 December 2008}}</ref> Andelén gbara bọọlụ na ngwụcha asọmpi Svenska Cupen asaa n'usoro na klọb ahụ, bụ ndị a maar dị ka Öxabäck / Mark IF na 1991. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bt.se/sport/oxabacks-ifs-damlags-historia%28890694%29.gm|title=Öxabäcks IF:s damlags historia|publisher=[[Borås Tidning]]|language=Swedish|accessdate=19 April 2013|date=4 October 2008|first=Johan|author=Rydén|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029115338/http://www.bt.se/sport/oxabacks-ifs-damlags-historia%28890694%29.gm|archivedate=29 October 2012}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1994, ọ gbara goolu isii niile na mbibi 6-1 nke Öxabäck / Mark IF na Gideonsberg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://damfotboll.com/statistik/flest-mal-i-en-damallsvensk-match|title=Flest mål i en damallsvensk match|publisher=Damfotboll.com|language=Swedish|accessdate=19 April 2013|archivedate=13 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513031846/http://damfotboll.com/statistik/flest-mal-i-en-damallsvensk-match}}</ref> Na 1997, mgbe ọ na-egwu egwu maka Suzuyo Shimizu Lovely Ladies, Andelén bụ onye kachasị enye goolu na L. League site na goolu iri na itoolu ma kpọọ ya aha na otu ndị kacha enye goolu na liigi ahụ..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage1.nifty.com/kisch/football/lady/l19.html|title=L.League & Women's Football 1997/98|publisher=Football of Japan – Nifty|accessdate=19 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004044304/http://homepage1.nifty.com/kisch/football/lady/l19.html|archivedate=4 October 2012}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Andelén mere nke mbụ ya na Sweden na 22 Ọgọstụ 1985, mmeri 5-0 meriri Norway na Sundsvall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.svenskdamfotboll.se/index_spelarprofil.php?spelare=96|language=Swedish|title=Spelarporträtt|publisher=Svensk Damfotboll|accessdate=19 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304175640/http://svenskdamfotboll.se/index_spelarprofil.php?spelare=96|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 1991, goolu atọ Andelén nyere Sweden aka iru n'ọkwa nke atọ na FIFA Women'sWorld Cup na 1992 ọ natara onyinye Diamantbollen maka onye egwuregwu bọọlụ nwanyị kachasị mma na mba ahụ. Njikọ ya megide Denmark na akụkụ nke abụọ nke nkeji iri na ise nke [[UEFA Women's Euro 1995]] qualifying">UEFA Women's Euro 1995 qualifying campaign bụ ọdịiche dị na imeri 0-2 deficit iji merie Denmark 3-2 na ngụkọta ma ruo eru maka UEFA Women'S Euro 1995. Na ngwụcha nke asọmpi ahụ na Machị 1995 na Fritz-Walter-Stadion na Kaiserslautern, ihe mgbaru ọsọ Andelén n'azụ oge ezughị iji gbochie Germany imeri Sweden 3-2. Ọ hapụrụ ndị otu mba ahụ mgbe ọ pụtara na 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup, nke Sweden kwadoro. E nweela esemokwu banyere usoro ndị otu ahụ na asọmpi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/14/sports/14iht-wsoc.t.html|title=Women's Soccer : For Swedish Star, the Joy Might Soon Be Gone|work=The New York Times|first=Ian|author=Thomsen|date=14 December 1996|accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref> Anneli Andelén sonyere na FIFA Women's World Cup abụọ: China 1991, na Sweden 1995. Na mbipụta 1991, Andelén gbara nkeji ọ bụla nke asọmpi ahụ wee gbaa goolu mmeghe na mmeri 4-0 megide Germany na Egwuregwu nke Atọ. Anneli Andelén pụtara n'asọmpi atọ nke European Championship. Ndị otu ya mechara nke abụọ na mbipụta nke 1987 na 1995 nke asọmpi ahụ, wee nweta ọnọdụ nke atọ na 1989. == Ndụ onwe onye == N'oge ọ na-agba bọọlụ, Andelén na onye otu ya bụ Nathalie Geeris nwere mmekọrịta.<ref>{{Cite news|title="Damelvan" till kanonpris|url=http://www.damfotboll.com/nyheter/2005/05/damelvan-till-kanonpris|accessdate=15 November 2018|publisher=Damfotboll.com|date=6 May 2005|language=Swedish}}</ref> Andelén lụrụ Lisa na June 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hd.se/bastad/2009/01/11/paret-andelen-valde-baastad/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120801062143/http://hd.se/bastad/2009/01/11/paret-andelen-valde-baastad/|archivedate=1 August 2012|title=Paret Andelén valde "Sveriges riviera"|publisher=[[Helsingborgs Dagblad]]|language=Swedish|accessdate=19 April 2013|date=11 January 2009|first=Pernilla|author=Söderkvist}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye isi nchịkwa nke azụmahịa ịkwa osisi ezinụlọ mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ bọọlụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skogsaktuellt.se/?p=41298&pt=112|title=Bygdens såg satsar på snabb omställning|publisher=Skogs Aktuellt|language=Swedish|accessdate=20 April 2013|date=7 September 2012|first=Micael|author=Goth}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa === {| class="wikitable" !No. !Date !Venue !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition !Ref. |- |1. |7 July 1987 |National Sports Center, Blaine, [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] |{{Fbw|China}} | align="center" |'''5'''–0 | align="center" |6–0 |North America Cup |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Kina – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-kina-landskamper-dam-senior/1568865/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=25 September 2023}}</ref> |- |2. |3 June 1988 |Henry Fok Stadium, Panyu, [[China]] |{{Fbw|United States}} | align="center" |'''1'''–1 | align="center" |1–1 |1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=USA–Sverige – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/usa-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1568926/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=25 September 2023|archivedate=6 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206122343/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/usa-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1568926/}}</ref> |- |3. | rowspan="2" |18 September 1988 | rowspan="2" |[[Lekevi IP]], Mariestad, [[Sweden]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Republic of Ireland}} | align="center" |'''2'''–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |4–0 | rowspan="3" |1989 European Competition for Women's Football qualifying | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Irland – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-irland-landskamper-dam-senior/1568951/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=26 September 2023}}</ref> |- |4. | align="center" |'''3'''–0 |- |5. |15 October 1988 |Odense Stadium, Odense, [[Denmark]] |{{Fbw|Denmark}} | align="center" |'''5'''–1 | align="center" |5–1 |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Danmark–Sverige – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/danmark-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1568958/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=26 September 2023}}</ref> |- |6. |21 August 1991 |Nösnäsvallen, Stenungsund, Sweden |{{Fbw|Soviet Union}} | rowspan="3" align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |2–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Sovjet – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-sovjet-landskamper-dam-senior/1569153/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=26 September 2023}}</ref> |- |7. |23 October 1991 |Nou Estadi de Palamós, Palamós, [[Spain]] |{{Fbw|Spain}} | align="center" |4–0 |UEFA Women's Euro 1993 qualifying |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Spanien – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-spanien-landskamper-dam-senior/1569163/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=26 September 2023}}</ref> |- |8. | rowspan="2" |7 November 1991 | rowspan="2" |Zürich, [[Switzerland]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Switzerland}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |4–1 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Schweiz–Sverige – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/schweiz-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1569166/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=26 September 2023}}</ref> |- |9. | align="center" |'''2'''–0 |- |10. | rowspan="2" |19 November 1991 | rowspan="2" |New Plaza Stadium, Foshan, China | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Japan}} | align="center" |'''3'''–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |8–0 | rowspan="3" |1991 FIFA Women's World Cup | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Japan – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-japan-landskamper-dam-senior/1569169/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=26 September 2023}}</ref> |- |11. | align="center" |'''7'''–0 |- |12. |29 November 1991 |Guangdong Provincial People's Stadium, Guangzhou, China |{{Fbw|Germany}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |4–0 |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Tyskland – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-tyskland-landskamper-dam-senior/1569174/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=26 September 2023}}</ref> |- |13. |7 June 1992 |Dalymount Park, Dublin, [[Ireland|Republic of Ireland]] |{{Fbw|Republic of Ireland}} | align="center" |1–0 |UEFA Women's Euro 1993 qualifying |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Irland–Sverige – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/irland-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1569201/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref> |- |14. | rowspan="2" |25 August 1992 | rowspan="2" |[[Kragerø Stadion]], Kragerø, [[Norway]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Norway}} | align="center" |'''2'''–3 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–3 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Norge–Sverige – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/norge-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1569224/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref> |- |15. | align="center" |'''3'''–3 |- |16. | rowspan="4" |20 September 1992 | rowspan="5" |Ryavallen, Borås, Sweden | rowspan="4" |{{Fbw|Republic of Ireland}} | align="center" |'''3'''–0 | rowspan="4" align="center" |10–0 | rowspan="5" |UEFA Women's Euro 1993 qualifying | rowspan="4" |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Irland – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-irland-landskamper-dam-senior/1569231/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref> |- |17. | align="center" |'''5'''–0 |- |18. | align="center" |'''8'''–0 |- |19. | align="center" |'''9'''–0 |- |20. |13 October 1992 |{{Fbw|Denmark}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |1–2 |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Danmark – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-danmark-landskamper-dam-senior/1569235/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref> |- |21. |11 March 1993 |[[Ayia Napa Municipal Stadium]], Ayia Napa, Cyprus |{{Fbw|Germany}} | align="center" |'''3'''–0 | align="center" |3–1 |Friendly tournament |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Tyskland–Sverige – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/tyskland-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1569257/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref> |- |22. |1 June 1993 | rowspan="2" |Ryavallen, Borås, Sweden |{{Fbw|Norway}} | align="center" |'''2'''–1 | align="center" |4–2 | rowspan="2" |Friendly |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Norge – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-norge-landskamper-dam-senior/1569278/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref> |- |23. |22 September 1993 |{{Fbw|Germany}} | align="center" |'''3'''–2 | align="center" |3–2 |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Tyskland – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-tyskland-landskamper-dam-senior/1569308/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref> |- |24. |13 October 1993 |Štadión Pasienky, Bratislava, [[Slovakia]] |{{Fbw|Slovakia}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |2–0 |UEFA Women's Euro 1995 qualifying |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Slovakien–Sverige – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/slovakien-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1569313/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref> |- |25. |4 May 1994 |Arosvallen, Västerås, Sweden |{{Fbw|Italy}} | align="center" |1–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Italien – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-italien-landskamper-dam-senior/1569343/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref> |- |26. |22 May 1994 |[[Ozolnieki Stadium]], Ozolnieki, [[Latvia]] |{{Fbw|Latvia}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''2'''–0 | align="center" |5–0 | rowspan="3" |UEFA Women's Euro 1995 qualifying |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Lettland–Sverige – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/lettland-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1569348/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref> |- |27. | rowspan="2" |15 June 1994 | rowspan="2" |Strömvallen, Gävle, Sweden | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Slovakia}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |6–0 | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Slovakien – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-slovakien-landskamper-dam-senior/1569356/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=15 October 2023}}</ref> |- |28. | align="center" |'''4'''–0 |- |29. |5 August 1994 |Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard, Montreal, [[Kánada|Canada]] |{{Fbw|Canada}} | align="center" |'''1'''–1 | align="center" |2–1 |Friendly |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Kanada–Sverige – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/kanada-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1569379/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=15 October 2023}}</ref> |- |30. | rowspan="2" |29 October 1994 | rowspan="2" |Malmö Stadion, Malmö, Sweden | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Denmark}} | align="center" |'''2'''–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |UEFA Women's Euro 1995 qualifying | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Danmark – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-danmark-landskamper-dam-senior/1569405/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=15 October 2023}}</ref> |- |31. | align="center" |'''3'''–0 |- |32. |26 February 1995 |Sørlandshallen, Kristiansand, Norway |{{Fbw|Norway}} | rowspan="3" align="center" |'''2'''–1 | align="center" |3–4 |UEFA Women's Euro 1995 |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Norge – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-norge-landskamper-dam-senior/1569421/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=15 October 2023}}</ref> |- |33. |16 March 1995 |Estádio José Arcanjo, Olhão, [[Portugal]] |{{Fbw|Netherlands}} | align="center" |2–1 | rowspan="2" |1995 Algarve Cup |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Nederländerna–Sverige – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/nederlanderna-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1569426/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> |- |34. |19 March 1995 |[[Estádio Municipal de Loulé]], Loulé, Portugal |{{Fbw|Denmark}} | align="center" |3–2 |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Danmark–Sverige – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/danmark-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/1569428/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> |- |35. |26 March 1995 |Fritz-Walter-Stadion, Kaiserslautern, [[Jémanị|Germany]] |{{Fbw|Germany}} | align="center" |'''2'''–3 | align="center" |2–3 |UEFA Women's Euro 1995 |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Tyskland – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-tyskland-landskamper-dam-senior/1569430/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> |- |36. |13 May 1995 |Örjans Vall, Halmstad, Sweden |{{Fbw|England}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |'''2'''–0 | align="center" |4–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–England – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-england-landskamper-dam-senior/1569452/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> |- |37. |9 June 1995 |Arosvallen, Västerås, Sweden |{{Fbw|Japan}} | align="center" |2–0 |1995 FIFA Women's World Cup |<ref group="m">{{Cite web|title=Sverige–Japan – Matchfakta|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-japan-landskamper-dam-senior/1569462/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Mkpụrụ osisi diamond: 1992 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} Akụkọ egwuregwu == Njikọ mpụga == * Anneli Andelén-FIFAndekọ asọmpi (echekwara) * Profaịlụ [https://archive.today/20130706113927/http://www.gais.se/Fotboll/kgfc.nsf/0/3482184B2B511686C1257914004EB1CB Göteborg] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3shg40bxo1jxb1eh43hwlx4e7ml383x 0 73071 692615 672889 2026-07-30T11:43:23Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692615 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[Faịlụ:Əlirza Fərşi 2023.jpg|thumb|Alireza Farshi]] '''Alireza Farshi''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị mba Azerbaijan nke Iran. Ndị ọrụ nchekwa Iran jidere ya na ndị ọzọ na-eme mkpọsa maka ịga emume Ụbọchị Asụsụ Amaala nke Mba Nile na Tehran na Febụwarị 21, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranhumanrights.org/2021/02/non-persian-mother-languages-treated-as-national-security-threat-in-iran/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227011954/https://iranhumanrights.org/2021/02/non-persian-mother-languages-treated-as-national-security-threat-in-iran/|archivedate=February 27, 2021|title=Non-Persian Mother Languages Treated as "National Security Threat" in Iran|date=February 26, 2021|publisher=iranhumanrights.org|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}</ref> E mechara maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na ise na afọ abụọ ịkpafu gaa n'obodo Bagh-e Malek na mpaghara Khuzestan.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="44" href="./Amnesty_International" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International]]<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;accessdate<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;March 8, 2022<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwzQ\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt8\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwzg\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210411014338/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/09/iran-human-rights-defenders-caught-in-a-web-of-repression/\" id=\"mwzw\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Caught in a web of repression: Iran's human rights defenders under attack\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"102\" href=\"./Amnesty_International\" id=\"mw0A\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Amnesty International\">Amnesty International</a></nowiki>. September 29, 2017. Archived from <nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/09/iran-human-rights-defenders-caught-in-a-web-of-repression/\" id=\"mw0Q\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">the original</a></nowiki> on April 11, 2021<nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mw0g\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mw0w\">March 8,</span></nowiki> 2022<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Alireza_Farshi#cite_note-2 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup>Amnesty International ekwuputala na ọ bụ Onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche n'ihi na enweghị ihe omempụ ọbụla n'ọrụ ya, yana n'ihi nchebe nke ikike mmadụ na ikike nke asụsụ amaala ma chọọ ka a tọhapụ ya na òtù ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":1" /> Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Òtù "Kəndimiz" (English: Our Village), nke na-anakọta ma na-ekesara ụmụaka akwụkwọ na mpaghara na obodo nta dị iche iche Na Azerbaijan nke Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804090148/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archivedate=August 4, 2020|title=Güneydə 'Kəndimiz Vəqfi' hər ay bir kəndə türkcə kitablar hədiyyə edir|date=June 6, 2018|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> == Banyere Ya == === Ndụ na ọrụ === A mụrụ Alireza Farshi na 1979 n'obodo Dizaj Yekan nke Marand. Nna ya nwụrụ n'agha Iran-Iraq.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/en/special-features/10181|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105080144/https://iranwire.com/en/special-features/10181|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Ali Məhkəmə Əlirəza Fərşinin işinə yenidən baxılması tələbini rədd etdi|date=August 6, 2021|publisher=iranwire.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Teknụzụ Sharif na 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sozcu.az/?p=97572|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105074240/https://sozcu.az/?p=97572|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi ilə görüş; güneyli milli-mədəni fəalın qısa bioqrafiyası|date=February 8, 2021|publisher=sozcu.az|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGhhaZkgL08|title=Əlirza Fərşi haqqında|author=GünAz TV|date=February 20, 2021|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ injinia kọmputa. O mechara nweta nzere masta site na Mahadum Tehran . Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mahadum, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ "Yol", nke e bipụtara na Azerbaijani Turkish na Mahadum Tehran. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ biri na Tabriz otu afọ. O mechara malite ịkụzi na Mahadum Azad dị na Julfa . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/elirza-fersi-universitetden-uzaqlasdirildi-34894|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114070325/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/elirza-fersi-universitetden-uzaqlasdirildi-34894|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi universitetdən uzaqlaşdırıldı|author=|date=September 24, 2010|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ nkuzi ya, o guzobere òtù "Our Village" Foundation, nke na-anakọta ma na-enye ụmụaka akwụkwọ na mpaghara na n'imeobodo dị iche iche na Azerbaijan nke Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aznews.tv/iranda-f%C9%99allara-qarsi-amansiz-munasib%C9%99t/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114081008/https://www.aznews.tv/iranda-f%C9%99allara-qarsi-amansiz-munasib%C9%99t/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=İranda fəallara qarşı amansız münasibət|publisher=aznews.tv|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> O sonyere n'onwe ya n'ikesa akwụkwọ ndị a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamac.info/az/azerbaycan/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsinin-hansi-ittiham-uzr%C9%99-saxlandigi-bar%C9%99d%C9%99-yayilan-x%C9%99b%C9%99rl%C9%99r-t%C9%99kzib-edilir-t%C9%99hluk%C9%99sizlik-quvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri-f%C9%99ala-qarsi-kobud-da/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114075726/https://www.gamac.info/az/azerbaycan/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsinin-hansi-ittiham-uzr%C9%99-saxlandigi-bar%C9%99d%C9%99-yayilan-x%C9%99b%C9%99rl%C9%99r-t%C9%99kzib-edilir-t%C9%99hluk%C9%99sizlik-quvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri-f%C9%99ala-qarsi-kobud-da/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşinin hansı ittiham üzrə saxlandığı barədə yayılan xəbərlər təkzib edilir / Təhlükəsizlik qüvvələri fəala qarşı kobud davranıb|author=|date=January 22, 2020|publisher=gamac.info|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref>N'ime afọ ndị ọ rụrụ ọrụ, "Our Village" Foundation enyewo ọtụtụ puku akwụkwọ nye ụmụaka ndị bi n'ọtụtụ obodo. [7<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/kendimiz-veqfi-merend-kendlerine-yuzlerce-turkce-kitab-bagislayib-goruntu-106586|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114080110/https://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/kendimiz-veqfi-merend-kendlerine-yuzlerce-turkce-kitab-bagislayib-goruntu-106586|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title="Kəndimiz Vəqfi" Mərənd kəndlərinə yüzlərcə türkcə kitab bağışlayıb|author=|date=June 12, 2018|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref>][9<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216120731/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archivedate=December 16, 2021|title=Güneydə 'Kəndimiz Vəqfi' hər ay bir kəndə türkcə kitablar hədiyyə edir|author=|date=June 13, 2018|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref>]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/urmiye-turkce-kitab-paylama-kampaniyasi/6230727.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114080832/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/urmiye-turkce-kitab-paylama-kampaniyasi/6230727.html|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Urmiyada mədəni fəallar məktəblərin açılışı ərəfəsində türkcə kitablar paylayır|date=September 16, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> === Nwuchi ys na ọrụ ndị ọzọ so === A nwụchiri ya na Mee 2009 ya na nwunye ya, Sima Didar, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Bijan Baharan|title=The Hidden Side of Iran: Discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities|year=2010|location=[[Paris]]|publisher=[[International Federation for Human Rights]]|url=https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/IrandiscrimLDDHI545a.pdf}}</ref> n'oge ngagharị iw na El Golu Square nke Tabriz maka agụmakwụkwọ n'asụsụ amaala. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azadliq.org/a/1737242.html|title=Təbrizdə dövlət bayramında etirazlar|author=[[Khadija Ismayilova]]|date=May 22, 2009|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://musavat.com/news/tebrizde-qan-tokuldu_53583.html?d=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216122853/https://musavat.com/news/tebrizde-qan-tokuldu_53583.html?d=1|archivedate=December 16, 2021|title=Təbrizdə qan töküldü|author=|date=May 23, 2009|publisher=musavat.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ ikpe mara ha ikpe otu afọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ụlọ ikpe nke abụọ belatara njide ha ruo ọnwa isii.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/farish101510-105125684/719193.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303053524/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/farish101510-105125684/719193.html|archivedate=March 3, 2021|title=İran azərbaycanlı fəal Əlirza Fərşi üniversitet müəllimliyindən azad edilib|author=Insafali Hidayat|date=October 17, 2010|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, a chụpụrụ ya n'ọkwa nkuzi ya na Mahadum Azad dị na Julfa.<ref name=":0" /> Mgbe a kpọfere ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tabriz, a tọhapụrụ ya nwa oge na mgbapụta. A nwụchiri ya ọzọ na 2011 ma kpọga ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tabriz. N'afọ 2014, e jidere ya na Akbar Azad, Behnam Sheikh, Hamid Manafi Nadarli, Mahmud Ojagli, Rustam Kazimpur, Mansur Fathi na Aziz Farshi maka ịga emume Ụbọchị Asụsụ Amaala nke Mba Nile na Tehran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/linguistic-activists/1892647.html|title=Tehranda həbsdə olan türk fəalların durumu ağırdır|date=2014-04-14|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=2022-03-08|language=az}}</ref> E mechara maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na ise na afọ abụọ ịkpafu gaa na Bagh Malik, mpaghara Khuzestan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/iran/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006035151/https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/iran/|archivedate=2022-10-06|title=2017 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Iran|date=2018|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|accessdate=2023-03-15|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://musavat.com/news/iranda-4-azerbaycanli-feal-45-il-hebs-ve-8-il-surgune-mehkum-edildi-nbsp_417912.html?d=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105091000/https://musavat.com/news/iranda-4-azerbaycanli-feal-45-il-hebs-ve-8-il-surgune-mehkum-edildi-nbsp_417912.html?d=1|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=İranda 4 azərbaycanlı fəal 45 il həbs və 8 il sürgünə məhkum edildi|date=February 22, 2017|publisher=musavat.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/beynelxalq-ana-dili-gununde-saxlanilan-guney-azerbaycanli-feallarin-hebs-qerari-icraya-qoyulur-126224|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105091200/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/beynelxalq-ana-dili-gununde-saxlanilan-guney-azerbaycanli-feallarin-hebs-qerari-icraya-qoyulur-126224|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Beynəlxalq Ana Dili Günündə saxlanılan güney azərbaycanlı fəalların həbs qərarı icraya qoyulur|date=March 18, 2020|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> Ka ọnwa abụọ gasịrị mgbe e jidere ha, a kpọfere ndị na-eme mkpọsa Akbar Azad na Alireza Farshi, ndị a ejichiri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị na Tehran, gaa n'ọ́dụ̀ ndị agha nke narị atọ na ise siri ike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/evin_hebs/1898363.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423024738/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/evin_hebs/1898363.html|archivedate=April 23, 2021|title=Azərbaycanlı fəallar Evin zindanının daha sərt korpusuna köçürülüb|date=April 22, 2014|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> Na Septemba 22, 2021, Alireza Farshi kwupụtara na ọ ga-anọ agụụ ụbọchị atọ iji mee mkpesa megide mkpebi ikpe obi ọjọọ na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ndị ọkàikpe n'ụlọ ikpe nke Islamic Republic nke Iran, yana ịnapụ ndị Turkey agụmakwụkwọ n'asụsụ amaala n'ụlọ akwụkwọ gasị. Mgbe e mesịrị, onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ Abbas Lisani sonyekwara n'òtù ahụ iji kwado Alireza Farshi . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-v%C9%99-abbas-lisani-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b/6245471.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105082956/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-v%C9%99-abbas-lisani-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b/6245471.html|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi və Abbas Lisani aclıq aksiyasına başlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=September 25, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210924-two-jailed-azeri-rights-activists-begin-hunger-strike-in-iran/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20220105131100/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210924-two-jailed-azeri-rights-activists-begin-hunger-strike-in-iran/|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Two jailed Azeri rights activists begin hunger strike in Iran|date=September 24, 2021|publisher=middleeastmonitor.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, o degaara ndị ọrụ ụlọ ikpe akwụkwọ ozi n'ụzọ doro anya n'ihe gbasara ịnapụ ha ikike ịpụ. N'akwụkwọ ozi ya, ọ chọrọ ka a tọhapụ ya na ezumike ma gwọọ ya n'èzí ụlọ mkpọrọ, na-akọwa oke ọrịa ya, mkpa ọ dị ịwa ya anya na nchọpụta ya nke ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ ya. Ọ katọkwara mkpọrọ a tụrụ ya maka ịga emume International Mother Language Day yana maka ọrụ ya na ikike nke asụsụ Turkey na agbụrụ n'okpuru iwu, na-ekwu na a gụpụụrụ ya naanị ụbọchị atọ n'oge ọnwa iri abụọ ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-mektub/6316835.html|title=Əlirza Fərşi məhkəməyə açıq məktub ünvanlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=November 17, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> Na Disemba 12, 2021, Alireza Farshi, onye nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tehran dị ukwuu, malitere ịnọ agụụ ụbọchị atọ. N'akwụkwọ ozi o si n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dee, o kwuru na ịnọ agụụ ahụ bụ iji mee mkpesa maka mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere ọtịta nke ọdọ mmiri Urmia, ịtụfu unyi n'ime Osimiri Araz, ọnọdụ ndụ nke ndị ọrụ na ndị nkuzi, enweghị ọrụ dị na Azerbaijan, na nrụgide iwu na-akwadoghị na ndị na-eme mkpọsa na mba Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-3-g%C3%BCnl%C3%BCk-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b-/6351071.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212194425/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-3-g%C3%BCnl%C3%BCk-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b-/6351071.html|archivedate=December 12, 2021|title=Əlirza Fərşi 3 günlük aclıq aksiyasına başlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=December 12, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> === Ngagharị iwe megide njichi ya === Amnesty International ekwuputala na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ n'ihi akọ na uche ma chọọ ka a tọhapụ ya ozugbo n'ihi na o nweghị ihe ndekọ mpụ ma na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ na ikike asụsụ amaala.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223953/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archivedate=July 22, 2021|title=Iran: Defender beaten and denied health care: Alireza Farshi|date=July 20, 2021|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223953/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/ "Iran: Defender beaten and denied health care: Alireza Farshi"]. [[Amnesty International]]. July 20, 2021. Archived from [https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/ the original] on July 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> N'ọnwa Mee 2021, òtù Erk-Azerbaijan na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ zigaara UN akwụkwọ ozi nke isiokwu ya bụ "Nledo ọnọdụ nke ndị mkpọrọ ọdịbendị Azerbaijan". N'akwụkwọ ozi a, ha gosipụtara nchegbu banyere ọnọdụ Alireza Farshi. A chọpụtara na Alireza Farshi nwere ọrịa shuga n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọnọdụ ya kakwara njọ n'ihi enweghị ọgwụgwọ. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụ ezie na anya ya adịghị mma ma chọọ ka a waa ya awa, ọ nwetabeghị ohere ọ bụla maka ọgwụgwọ na ịwa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aznews.tv/az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbusla-bagli-yenid%C9%99n-birl%C9%99smis-mill%C9%99tl%C9%99r-t%C9%99skilatina-muraci%C9%99t-edildi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114082245/https://www.aznews.tv/az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbusla-bagli-yenid%C9%99n-birl%C9%99smis-mill%C9%99tl%C9%99r-t%C9%99skilatina-muraci%C9%99t-edildi/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Azərbaycanlı siyasi məhbusla bağlı yenidən Birləşmiş millətlər təşkilatına müraciət edildi|publisher=aznews.tv|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2021, ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na mba ahụ kesara akwụkwọ mpịakọta n'okporo ámá Tabriz na-achọ ka a tọhapụ onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Alireza Farshi. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe madochara akwụkwọ mmado na akwụkwọ mpịakọta nke isiokwu ya bụ "Alireza Farshi, a mara mmadụ a ikpe nnwere onwe", "Ncheta ụbọchị ọmụmụ ọma maka dike mba Azerbaijan Turkic, Nna Babek" na mgbidi n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Tabriz ma kesaa ha n'etiti ndị bi na ya. Na mgbakwunye, na Julaị 5, e mere ngagharị iwe na Marand iji kwado Alireza Farshi na megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi megide ya. Ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị nke obodo Marand kesara akwụkwọ mmado "Ndụ Alireza Farshi nọ n'ihe ize ndụ", "Ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Azerbaijan bụ akara uhie anyị" ma kwụnye ọkọlọtọ na àkwà mmiri obodo ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sozcu.az/?p=110875|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105080545/https://sozcu.az/?p=110875|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Milli fəallar Təbrizdə aksiya keçirdi: Əlirza Fərşiyə azadlıq tələb olunub|date=July 6, 2021|publisher=sozcu.az|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gadtb.com/m%C9%99r%C9%99ndd%C9%99-az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbus-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-m%C9%99qs%C9%99dil%C9%99-boyuk-banner-asildi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105082627/https://gadtb.com/m%C9%99r%C9%99ndd%C9%99-az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbus-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-m%C9%99qs%C9%99dil%C9%99-boyuk-banner-asildi/|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Mərənddə azərbaycanlı siyasi məhbus Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək məqsədilə böyük banner asıldı|date=July 6, 2021|publisher=gadtb.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> Na Julaị 16, 2021, òtù iri na asatọ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ wepụtara nkwupụta ha jikọrọ aka ọnụ kwuo iji kwado Alireza Farshi. Na nkwupụta ha, ha kwuru na Alireza Farshi nwetara mmeso omume obi ọjọọ, obi ịta mmiri na nke na-eweda mmadụ n'ala n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ nataghị nlekọta ahụike ọ chọrọ. Ha kpọrọ ndị ọrụ nke Islamic Republic nke Iran ka ha mee ihe ndị dị mkpa iji chebe ndụ na ahụike Alireza Farshi ma nye ya nlekọta ahụike pụrụ iche dị ka ọ dị mkpa. Ha chọkwara ka a tọhapụ Alireza Farshi ozugbo na n'enweghị ihe mgbochi, yana ikpe ndị biri ya ebubo iwu na-akwadoghị na mmeso ọjọọ ikpe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://united4iran.org/press-release-alireza-farshi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716183834/https://united4iran.org/press-release-alireza-farshi|archivedate=July 16, 2021|title=Press Release Regarding the Situation of Mr. Alireza Farshi, the imprisoned Azerbaijani Turks' Human and Civil Rights Activist in Iran|date=July 16, 2021|publisher=united4iran.org|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/insan-haqlar%C4%B1-qrupundan-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-b%C9%99yanat%C4%B1/5969200.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717193706/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/insan-haqlar%C4%B1-qrupundan-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-b%C9%99yanat%C4%B1/5969200.html|archivedate=July 17, 2021|title=18 insan haqları qrupundan Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək bəyanatı|date=July 17, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, onye UN Special Rapporteur n'ihe gbasara ikike mmadụ na Iran, Javid Rahman, nyere akụkọ ya ọzọ gbasara mmebi ikike mmadụ na Iran nye Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN. O kwuru na akụkọ dị peeji iri abụọ na ise na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na ndị obodo Turkey dị ka Abbas Lisani na Alireza Farshi na Iran Azerbaijan bụ ndị a lekwasịrị anya maka ịgbachitere ikike ndị ka nta, nakwa na e metọrọ Alireza Garshi mmetọ nke anụ ahụ ma mesoo ya omume ọjọọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/bmt-nin-x%C3%BCsusi-m%C9%99ruz%C9%99%C3%A7isi-yeni-hesabat%C4%B1nda-abbas-lisani-v%C9%99-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Finin-durumuna-diqq%C9%99t-%C3%A7%C9%99kib/6012379.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824112604/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/bmt-nin-x%C3%BCsusi-m%C9%99ruz%C9%99%C3%A7isi-yeni-hesabat%C4%B1nda-abbas-lisani-v%C9%99-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Finin-durumuna-diqq%C9%99t-%C3%A7%C9%99kib/6012379.html|archivedate=August 24, 2021|title=BMT-nin xüsusi məruzəçisi yeni hesabatında Abbas Lisani və Əlirza Fərşinin vəziyyətinə diqqət çəkib|date=August 23, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}.</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na mba kwụnyere ọkọlọtọ n'okporo ámá niile nke Tabriz na-ekwu "Nnwere Onwe", "Alirza Farshi", "A maala mmadụ ahụ ikpe Nnwere Onwe" "Nye m aka gị, nke a chụpụrụ site n'ife efe, ọ na-agụ m ka ébé ọkụ na-agba - anọwo m n'ọchịchịrị ruo afọ iri anọ na atọ" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/brizd-t-rk-dili-f-al-lirza-r-iy-d-st-k-bannerl-ri|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20220105082023/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/brizd-t-rk-dili-f-al-lirza-r-iy-d-st-k-bannerl-ri#selection-1127.48-1127.196|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Təbrizdə türk dili fəalı Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək aksiyası keçirilib|date=October 14, 2021|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-azadliq/6270368.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105084609/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-azadliq/6270368.html|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Təbrizdə siyasi məhbus Əlirza Fərşinin azadlığı tələb edilib|author=Hamid Malikoghlu|date=October 14, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <references /> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7ot0jfbaflt4yqi4ty2ip1aa1o1oies 0 73126 692098 644391 2026-07-29T17:18:57Z King ChristLike 13051 removed broken file 692098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = 19 & Dangerous | type = studio | artist = [[Ayra Starr]] | border = yes | alt = | released = August 6, 2021<br>October 21, 2022 <small>(Deluxe)</small> | recorded = 2020–2021 | studio = Mavin Studios | genre = *[[Afropop]] *[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] *[[trap music|trap]] *[[alté]] | length = {{duration|m=33|s=14}} | label = [[Mavin Records|Mavin]] | producer = *[[Louddaaa]] *London *[[Don Jazzy]] *Andre Vibez | prev_title = [[Ayra Starr (EP)|Ayra Starr]] | prev_year = 2021 | next_title = [[The Year I Turned 21]] | next_year = 2024 | misc = {{Singles | name = 19 & Dangerous | type = studio | single1 = [[Bloody Samaritan]] | single1date = July 30, 2021 }} }} 19 & Dangerous bụ abọm mbụ nke onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ Naịjirịa bụ Ayra Starr dere. Mavin Records na Platoon wepụtara ya na 6 Ọgọst 2021, ihe na-erughị ọnwa asaa ka onye na-abụ abụ ahụ malitere EP nke aha ya pụtara n'onwe ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LISTEN/STREAM: Ayra Starr - 19 & Dangerous [ALBUM]|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/listenstream-ayra-starr-19-and-dangerous-album/y68lbqy|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=7 August 2021|language=en|date=6 August 2021}}</ref> 19 & Dangerous bụ abọm echiche na-esote nwa agbọghọ Gen Z na-agafe site n'oge uto gaa n'oge okenye na obi ike na-eto eto, ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nka, mmetụta na ọmịiko. <ref name="Pulse NG" /> Ayra Starr so ndị na-emepụta ihe na London, Andre Vibez, Louddaaa na Don Jazzy rụọ ọrụ, abụọ ikpeazụ n'ime ha nyekwara aka na mmepụta na ndekọ mbụ ya. Na mgbakwunye na ịgakwuru ndị mmekọ egwu ya, ya na ọtụtụ ndị edemede na ndị na-ese ihe ọhụrụ gụnyere Fousheé na [[CKay]] rụkọkwara ọrụ.<ref name="BellaNaija">{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr's Debut Album "19 & Dangerous" is Finally Here {{!}} Listen|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/08/ayra-starr-19-dangerous/|work=BellaNaija|accessdate=6 August 2021|date=6 August 2021}}</ref> 19 & Dangerous bụ isi ihe nkiri afropop, R&B, trap na alté album nke gụnyere mmetụta sitere na ụdị egwu dịka neo-soul, jazz, na EDM. N'okwu egwu, ọ na-agba gburugburu isiokwu ndị metụtara ịhụnanya, dịka ịhụnanya a na-anaghị akwụghachi ụgwọ, nsogbu nkewa ịhụnanya, aghụghọ na obi mgbawa yana isiokwu ndị ọzọ nkeonwe dịka mkpebi onwe onye na ùgwù onwe onye.<ref name="Pulse NG">{{Cite news|author=Alake|first=Motolani|title=REVIEW: Ayra Starr - 19 and Dangerous [ALBUM]|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/review-ayra-starr-19-and-dangerous-album/exr1kn9|accessdate=17 August 2021|work=Pulse Nigeria|date=8 August 2021|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlake2021">Alake, Motolani (8 August 2021). [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/review-ayra-starr-19-and-dangerous-album/exr1kn9 "REVIEW: Ayra Starr - 19 and Dangerous &#x5B;ALBUM&#x5D;"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Abọm a nwetara nzaghachi dị mma n'aka ndị na-akwado ya na ndị na-akatọ egwu. Otu egwu ya bụ "Bloody Samaritan", nọ n'elu TurnTable Top 50 nke Naịjirịa, nke mere ka Ayra Starr bụrụ nwanyị mbụ na-ese egwu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ruru nke mbụ na egwu naanị ya. N'ime ọnwa abụọ mbụ nke mwepụta abọm ahụ, ihe karịrị nde iri atọ na-agbasa na nyiwe niile.<ref name="PulseNG">{{Cite news|author=Alake|first=Motolani|title=Here are the top 10 Nigerian songs of the week: Ayra Starr's 'Bloody Samaritan' rises to No. 1|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/here-are-the-top-10-nigerian-songs-of-the-week-ayra-starrs-bloody-samaritan-rises-to/4hqkk75|accessdate=27 September 2021|work=Pulse Nigeria|date=27 September 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref name="TurnTable">{{Cite web|title=Turntable Charts|url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50|work=Turntable Charts|accessdate=13 August 2021|language=en|archivedate=22 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722160706/https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Na 2020, Ayra Starr bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Mavin Records, wee malite idekọ ihe maka ọrụ mbụ ya. N'afọ sochirinụ, o wepụtara EP mbụ ya nke ghọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa ma mee ka ọ dị mfe maka ọrụ ya na-esote. N'ime izu nke 11 Julaị 2021, ọ kwupụtara atụmatụ iwepụta [[Album|Abọm studio]] mbụ ya. N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Julaị, o biputara ihe ngosi maka abọm ọhụrụ ahụ na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta, na-ekpughe aha ya dị ka 19 & Dangerous na ụbọchị ntọhapụ ya ka ọ bụrụ 6 Ọgọst. Ayra Starr kọwara etu abọm ahụ si nweta aha ya n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na NotJustOk, o kwuru, sị: "Achọghị m ka ọ bụrụ 20 & Dangerous, achọrọ m 19 & Dangerous ma mara mgbe niile maka afọ abụọ gara aga. Amaara m ọbụna tupu Mavin na maka abọm mbụ m, achọrọla m ịtọhapụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 19 ma kpọọ ya 19 & Dangeral. "Ọ chọkwara na ọ họọrọ okwu ahụ "Dangerous" iji gosipụta etu ọ dị njikere ọrụ na ebumnuche.<ref name="NJO">{{Cite web|author=Oyetayo|first=Bamise|title=Ayra Starr is the Aptly Named 19 & Dangerous Singer with A Melodic Message for Every Ear|url=https://notjustok.com/article/interviews/ayra-starr-19-dangerous/|work=NotJustOk|date=6 August 2021|accessdate=17 August 2021}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ egwu sitere na 19 & Dangerous, "Bloody Samaritan", na 30 Julaị 2021, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe emesịrị ya na BBC Radio 1Xtra. N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, ''Ayra Starr'' kpughere ihe osise na ndepụta egwu nke abọm ahụ n'akụkụ iwu ya. N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe a tọhapụrụ abọm ahụ, a gbanwere aha egwu nke isii site na "Underwater" gaa na "In Between" na ụlọ ahịa anụ ahụ na dijitalụ n'ụwa niile. Ayra Starr gwara Vincent Desmond nke OkayAfrica na abọm ahụ bụ "ozi", na-agbakwụnye "Achọrọ m ka ndị mmadụ mara na atụghị m egwu, adị m njikere, adị m mma maka nke a. Anọ m na-akwadebe maka nke a ndụ m niile. Ayra Starra EP, ọrụ mbụ m, dị ka mmeghe Ayra, ọ bụ mmalite. Abọm a bụ isi nke mbụ" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr Is Ready For This|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/ayra-starr-19-dangerous-interview/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=9 August 2021|language=en|date=6 August 2021}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya ==   N'okwu mmeghe ya "Cast (Gen Z Anthem) ", abụ mmegide. 'Ọ bụrụ na m na-eme ihe, mee ka m na-etinye ihe' ọ na-abụ abụ na Nigerian pidgin. Oris Aigbokhaevbolo nke Music In Africa kwuru na enwere ike ịgụ abụ ahụ dị ka ịdọ aka ná ntị banyere egwu mmeghe: Ọ bụrụ na abọm ahụ, mee ka e mee, emeela m ihe m. N'ụzọ dị mma, abọm ahụ enweghị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri.<ref name="Music In Africa" /> Na "Fashion killer", ọ na-egosipụta ịdị mma nke nwanyị na anwansi nwa agbọghọ ojii, ka Israel Olorunnisola nke Pulse Nigeria na-ekwu.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria" />. Na "Lonely", anyị na-ahụ na Ayra Star bụ ezigbo mmadụ. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị n'ihi ọdịdị aghụghọ nke agụụ mmekọahụ, mmetụta na-ere ọkụ nke ịhụnanya na-eto eto na-abịa, adịghị ike na enweghị ihe ọ bụla ọ na-enyocha n'akụkụ ndagwurugwu na-amị amị nke obi mgbawa.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria" /> N'ime "Toxic", nnwale ọgwụ iji jikwaa ịda mbà n'obi, nchekasị, nrụgide ndị ọgbọ, obi mgbawa, na ọtụtụ mmetụta uche ndị ntorobịa na-enwe ka akọwara n'olu na-akpali iche echiche. O kwuru okwu J. Cole site n'aka ndị enyi ya 'Meditate don't Medicate<nowiki>''</nowiki>. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria">{{Cite web|title=Ayra Star is unapologetic of her talent in debut album '19 & Dangerous'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/ayra-star-is-unapologetic-of-her-talent-in-debut-album-19-and-dangerous/3gzl0et|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=7 August 2021|language=en|date=6 August 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/ayra-star-is-unapologetic-of-her-talent-in-debut-album-19-and-dangerous/3gzl0et "Ayra Star is unapologetic of her talent in debut album '19 & Dangerous'"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''. 6 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Egwú Alté "Beggie Beggie" gosipụtara olu sitere na CKay, na ntinye ụda ya na egwu isiokwu nke afọ 90. Ka ha abụọ na-aga n'ihu ma na-apụ n'elu obi ụtọ nke ịhụnanya na-eto eto n'ụwa nke oge a, <ref name="Pulse Nigeria" /> Na "Bridgertn", Ayra na-egosipụta ụfọdụ klas. ma mechie ndekọ LP nke nkeji iri atọ na atọ na ọchịchọ kachasị mma n'elu onwe ya na ndị na-ege ntị na album outro "Amin".<ref name="Pulse Nigeria" /><ref name="Pulse Nigeria" /> == Singles na mbipụta ndị ọzọ == A tọhapụrụ "Bloody Samaritan" dị ka egwu egwu nke abọm ahụ na Julaị 30, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|title=New Music: Ayra Starr – Bloody Samaritan|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/07/ayra-starr-good-samaritan/|work=BellaNaija|accessdate=6 August 2021|date=30 July 2021}}</ref> == Mmeghachi omume == {{Music ratings|align=right|rev1=NME|rev1Score={{rating|4|5}}|rev2=Pulse Nigeria|rev2Score=7.9/10}}19 & Dangerous nwetara nyocha dị mma n'ozuzu site n'aka Ndị na-akatọ egwu. N'ime nyocha maka New Musical Express, Sophie Williams kọwara abọm ahụ dị ka "nchịkọta nke obi ike, na nkume afropop na-akpali akpali".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr – '19 & Dangerous' review: punchy afropop full of character|url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/ayra-starr-19-dangerous-review-punchy-afro-pop-thats-full-of-character-radar-3011008|work=NME|accessdate=6 August 2021|date=5 August 2021}}</ref> Onye edemede maka Pulse Nigeria, kọwara abọm ahụ "N'ụzọ ụfọdụ, '19 na Dangerous' dị ka nwa ịhụnanya nke Adele's '19' na Rihanna's Good Girl Gone Bad, nke ndị na-ere ọkụ, ndị na-enweghị nchegbu, ndị na'enweghị nchegbu na-akpata-abụ ndị a mara ikpe nke 'Cast', onye na-emeghe abọm - ma ọ bụ nkwupụta. N'ụzọ na-adọrọ mmasị, Rihanna dị afọ 19 mgbe a tọhapụrụ abọm na Ayra Starr bụ onye na-ebu kaadị nke ndị agha mmiri Rihanna.<ref name="Pulse NG" /> Ntinye aha abọm 7.9/10.<ref name="Pulse NG"/> N'ịtụleghachi maka Music in Africa, onye nta akụkọ egwu Oris Aigbokhaevbolo toro Ayra n'okwu ya "19 & Dangerous bụ nchịkọta egwu dị egwu", n'agbanyeghị na e jiri ya tụnyere egwu ya na-aga n'ihu, Oris na-ekwu "Na nkeji 33 na egwu 11, 19 & Dangerous dị iche na EP anọ. Ọ na-agbasawanye ma na-enye Ayra Starr ohere ime karịa".<ref name="Music In Africa">{{Cite web|title=19 and Dangerous: Ayra Starr unifies alté and mainstream Afrobeats|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/19-and-dangerous-ayra-starr-unifies-alte-and-mainstream-afrobeats|work=Music In Africa|accessdate=7 August 2021|language=en|date=7 August 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/19-and-dangerous-ayra-starr-unifies-alte-and-mainstream-afrobeats "19 and Dangerous: Ayra Starr unifies alté and mainstream Afrobeats"]. ''Music In Africa''. 7 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Iyke Bede nke ''[[This Day|Ụbọchị A]]'' jara mmepụta nke abọm ahụ mma, ihe mejupụtara ya na isiokwu ya, na-akpọ ya "ihe izizi dị egwu". Ọ gara n'ihu kọwaa abọm ahụ dị ka "akụkọ a kọrọ nke ọma" nke "onye Gen Z (ma ọ bụ onye ọ bụla nọ na nke ahụ) ga-akọwa site na iji okwu, "issa bop maka m".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bede|first=Iyke|title=A Starr is Born on '19 and Dangerous'|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/08/20/a-starr-is-born-on-19-and-dangerous/|accessdate=6 October 2021|date=20 August 2021|work=[[This Day]]}}</ref> === Ndepụta ngwụcha afọ === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="border:none; margin:0;" |+Họrọ ọkwa ngwụcha afọ nke Platinumb Heart''Obi Platinumb'' ! scope="col" |Nkatọ / Mbipụta ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ndepụta ! data-sort-type="number" scope="col" |Ọnọdụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- ! scope="row" |Egwú Pan-Africa |Abọm iri ise kachasị mma nke 2021 |{{Center|22}} |{{Center|<ref>{{cite web|title=The 50 best albums of 2021|url=https://pan-african-music.com/en/the-50-best-albums-of-2021/| publisher=Pan-African Music| first= Claude |last= Joyeux |access-date=2024-06-11}}</ref>}} |} == Ndepụta egwu ==   == Ndepụta egwu Deluxe ==   == Ndị ọrụ == * [[Ayra Starr|Oyinkansola Sarah Aderibigbe]] - olu, ederede egwu * Louddaaa - onye na-emepụta ihe, mmepụta (ụda 1, 3, 6, 7, 11) (tracks 1, 3, 6, 7, 11) * Don Jazzy - mmepụta (ụda 5, 8) (tracks 5, 8) * [[LONDON|London]] - mmepụta (ụda 2, 4, 9) (tracks 2, 4, 9) * Andre Vibez - mmepụta (ụda 10) (tracks 10) * [[Johnny Drille]] - mixing, mastering (egwu niile) (all tracks) * Richie Igunma - eserese == Chaatị == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Chart arụmọrụ maka 19 & Dangerous''19 & Ihe Dị Iche Iche'' ! scope="col" |Chart (2022) ! scope="col" |Ebe kachasị elu<br /> |- ! scope="row" |[./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]TurnTable_Top_50" id="mw5A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="TurnTable Top 50">Albums Naijiria (TurnTable) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Top 50 Albums|url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/charts/2|work=TurnTable|accessdate=9 November 2022}}</ref> |7 |} == Akụkọ banyere ntọhapụ == == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tjxuidmumksxyrhnh7b0egqywu43ftu 0 73193 692592 596936 2026-07-30T11:22:55Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Herman Suykerbuyk | image = <!-- filename only, no | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = Suykerbuyk in 1993 | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1934|01|05}} | birth_place = [[Kapellen, Belgium|Kapellen]], Belgium | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2026|02|21|1934|01|05}} | death_place = [[Essen, Belgium|Essen]], Belgium | occupation = Civil servant | education = [[Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)|Catholic University of Leuven]] | party = [[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CVP]] | office = Member of the [[Senate (Belgium)|Senate of Belgium]] for [[Antwerp Province]] | term_start = 13 December 1987 | term_end = 20 May 1995 | office2 = Member of the [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives of Belgium]] | termstart2 = 31 March 1968 | termend2 = 12 December 1987 | children = 7 December 1971 }} '''Herman Suykerbuyk''' (5 Jenụwarị 1934 - 21 Febụwarị 2026) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Belgium nke òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Christian People's Party (CVP). <ref>{{Cite news|author=de Koning|first=Stijn|date=21 February 2026|title=Ereburgemeester en ex-parlementslid Herman Suykerbuyk (92) overleden in woonzorgcentrum De Bijster|url=https://www.gva.be/regio/antwerpen/regio-antwerpen/essen/ereburgemeester-en-ex-parlementslid-herman-suykerbuyk-92-overleden-in-woonzorgcentrum-de-bijster/135257854.html|work=[[Gazet van Antwerpen]]|language=Dutch|publisher=|accessdate=24 February 2026}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ ya na Kapellen na 5 Jenụwarị 1934, Suykerbuyk gụrụ akwụkwọ ọmụmụ iwu na Mahadum Katọlik nke Leuven site na 1952 ruo 1957, mgbe ọ bụ onye òtù Katholiek Vlaams Hoogstudentenverbond. A họpụtara ya na mbụ na Chemba ndị Nnochianya na 1968, ebe ọ jere ozi ruo 1987. Ọ bụkwa onye òtù Kansụl Ọdịbendị maka Ndị Dutch Cultural Community site na 1971 ruo 1981, nke ghọrọ Kansụl Flemish ma mesịa bụrụ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Flemish. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ ruo 1999. Ọ bụkwa onye omeiwu sịneetị site na 1987 ruo 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vlaamsparlement.be/nl/vlaamse-volksvertegenwoordigers-het-vlaams-parlement/herman-suykerbuyk|title=Herman Suykerbuyk|work=Flemish Parliament|language=Dutch}}</ref> N'ime Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Flemish, a maara Suykerbuyk nke ọma maka "iwu Suyker buyk" na-ese okwu, nke chọrọ ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ndị Nazi ha na ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ a tara ahụhụ mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị na ndị ọzọ merụrụ ahụ site na mmegide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vlaamsparlement.be/nl/parlementaire-documenten/parlementaire-initiatieven/231148|title=Voorstel van decreet van de heer Herman Suykerbuyk c.s. houdende vaststelling van de voorwaarden voor getroffenen van repressie en epuratie, en voor oorlogsslachtoffers om in aanmerking te komen voor een financiële tegemoetkoming (opschrift gewijzigd door de commissie : ... houdende bijkomende bijstand aan personen die in een bestaansonzekere toestand verkeren ten gevolge van oorlogsomstandigheden, repressie en epuratie)|work=Flemish Parliament|language=Dutch}}</ref> Ndị People's Union, Vlaams Blok, na CVP kwadoro iwu ahụ, nke mebiri cordon sanitaire iji kwado iwu ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na Ụlọikpe Arbitration kagburu ya na 1999.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Laporte|first=Christian|date=15 October 1999|title=Le décret Suykerbuyk ne sera jamais appliqué Douze juges guillotinent l'amnistie Herman Suykerbuyk: «Le combat n'est pas perdu...» Pourquoi la Cour a annulé le décret «La Cour joue utilement son rôle» Collaboration, répression, réconciliation|url=https://www.lesoir.be/art/le-decret-suykerbuyk-ne-sera-jamais-applique-douze-juge_t-19991015-Z0HDF6.html|work=[[Le Soir]]|language=French|publisher=|accessdate=24 February 2026}}</ref> Na Senate, o soghị zọọ na ntuli aka 1995 na iwu ịgọnahụ Holocaust nke Belgium.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mathil|first=Pol|date=12 November 1998|title=Un colloque international faisait le point cette semaine à Bruxelles sur la «Négation de la Shoah» Du révisionnisme au négationnisme, un tout petit «pas»|url=https://www.lesoir.be/art/un-colloque-international-faisait-le-point-cette_t-19981112-Z0G072.html|work=Le Soir|language=French|publisher=|accessdate=24 February 2026}}</ref> Suykerbuyk nwụrụ na Essen na 21 Febụwarị 2026, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na abụọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=23 February 2026|title=Op 21 februari 2026 overleed gewezen lid Herman Suykerbuyk|url=https://www.vlaamsparlement.be/nl/actueel/nieuws-uit-het-vlaams-parlement/op-21-februari-2026-overleed-gewezen-lid-herman-suykerbuyk|work=[[Flemish Parliament]]|language=Dutch|publisher=|accessdate=24 February 2026}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} h0tdqq0qipyohi0ainwwwqtxa5rpsaj 0 73230 692596 596991 2026-07-30T11:26:21Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Hypé | cover = | alt = | type = single | artist = [[Aya Nakamura]] | album = | released = *{{start date|2024|01|25|df=y}} (solo version) *{{start date|2024|03|07|df=y}} (featuring version) | recorded = 2023–2024 | studio = | genre = * [[Pop music|Pop]] * [[zouk]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2024 |title=Aya Nakamura et Ayra Starr font grimper la température sur « Hypé » |url=https://www.nrj.fr/amp/aya-nakamura-et-ayra-starr-font-grimper-la-temperature-sur-hype-71361808 |website=[[NRJ]]}}</ref> | length = * 2:28 (solo) * 2:38 (featuring) | label = * Nakamura Industrie * Rec. 118 | writer = * [[Aya Nakamura]] * [[Ayra Starr]] (featuring) | producer = Chef Bandit | prev_title = Daddy | prev_year = 2023 | next_title = Avec classe | next_year = 2024 | misc = {{Extra album cover | type = single | cover = Aya Nakamura feat. Ayra Starr - Hypé.webp | border = yes | header = Featuring }} {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Ayra Starr]] | type = single | prev_title = [[Commas (Ayra Starr song)|Commas]] | prev_year = 2024 | title = Hypé | year = 2024 | next_title = [[Santa (song)|Santa]] | next_year = 2024 | cover = }} {{External music video|{{YouTube|XJ2A_tdYa38|"Hypé"}}}} }} "'''Hypé'''" bụ egwu Aya Nakamura. E wepụtara ya na Jenụwarị 26, 2024 site na Nakamura Industrie na Rec. 118. E wepụtara nke ya na Ayra Starr na 7 Maachị, 2024. == Chaatị == === Chaatị kwa izu === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Ọrụ chaatị kwa izu maka "Hypé" ! scope="col" |Chart (2024) ! scope="col" |Ebe kachasị elu<br /> |-{{single chart|France|2|artist=Aya Nakamura|song=Hypé|rowheader=true}} |- ! scope="row" |France Overseas Airplay (SNEP) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/classement-radio-outre-mer/?semaine=26&annee=2024|title=Classement Top Outre-Mer (Week 26, 2024)|publisher=[[SNEP]]|accessdate=1 July 2024}}</ref> |20 |-{{single chart|Switzerland|50|artist=Aya Nakamura|song=Hypé|rowheader=true}} |- ! scope="row" |Turkey International Airplay (Radiomonitor Türkiye) |6 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Ọrụ chaatị kwa izu maka "Hypé" na Ayra Starr ! scope="col" |Chart (2024) ! scope="col" |Ebe kachasị elu<br /> |-{{single chart|France|7|artist=Aya Nakamura|song=Hypé|rowheader=true}} |-{{single chart|UKafrobeats|17|date=20240317|rowheader=true|access-date=3 December 2024|refname=UKafro}} |} === Chaatị ngwụcha afọ === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Ọrụ chaatị ngwụcha afọ maka "Hypé" ! scope="col" |Chart (2024) ! scope="col" |Ọnọdụ |- ! scope="row" |France (SNEP) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-tops/le-top-de-lannee/top-singles-annee/?annee=2024|title=Top de l'année – Top Singles – 2024|publisher=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]]|language=fr|accessdate=11 January 2025}}</ref> |56 |} == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} 61cio4cvf7n4z42jw8s35zx7orp3isk 692598 692596 2026-07-30T11:27:45Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Hypé | cover = | alt = | type = single | artist = [[Aya Nakamura]] | album = | released = *{{start date|2024|01|25|df=y}} (solo version) *{{start date|2024|03|07|df=y}} (featuring version) | recorded = 2023–2024 | studio = | genre = * [[Pop music|Pop]] * [[zouk]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2024 |title=Aya Nakamura et Ayra Starr font grimper la température sur « Hypé » |url=https://www.nrj.fr/amp/aya-nakamura-et-ayra-starr-font-grimper-la-temperature-sur-hype-71361808 |website=[[NRJ]]}}</ref> | length = * 2:28 (solo) * 2:38 (featuring) | label = * Nakamura Industrie * Rec. 118 | writer = * [[Aya Nakamura]] * [[Ayra Starr]] (featuring) | producer = Chef Bandit | prev_title = Daddy | prev_year = 2023 | next_title = Avec classe | next_year = 2024 | misc = {{Extra album cover | type = single | cover = | border = yes | header = Featuring }} {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Ayra Starr]] | type = single | prev_title = [[Commas (Ayra Starr song)|Commas]] | prev_year = 2024 | title = Hypé | year = 2024 | next_title = [[Santa (song)|Santa]] | next_year = 2024 | cover = }} {{External music video|{{YouTube|XJ2A_tdYa38|"Hypé"}}}} }} "'''Hypé'''" bụ egwu Aya Nakamura. E wepụtara ya na Jenụwarị 26, 2024 site na Nakamura Industrie na Rec. 118. E wepụtara nke ya na Ayra Starr na 7 Maachị, 2024. == Chaatị == === Chaatị kwa izu === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Ọrụ chaatị kwa izu maka "Hypé" ! scope="col" |Chart (2024) ! scope="col" |Ebe kachasị elu<br /> |-{{single chart|France|2|artist=Aya Nakamura|song=Hypé|rowheader=true}} |- ! scope="row" |France Overseas Airplay (SNEP) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/classement-radio-outre-mer/?semaine=26&annee=2024|title=Classement Top Outre-Mer (Week 26, 2024)|publisher=[[SNEP]]|accessdate=1 July 2024}}</ref> |20 |-{{single chart|Switzerland|50|artist=Aya Nakamura|song=Hypé|rowheader=true}} |- ! scope="row" |Turkey International Airplay (Radiomonitor Türkiye) |6 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Ọrụ chaatị kwa izu maka "Hypé" na Ayra Starr ! scope="col" |Chart (2024) ! scope="col" |Ebe kachasị elu<br /> |-{{single chart|France|7|artist=Aya Nakamura|song=Hypé|rowheader=true}} |-{{single chart|UKafrobeats|17|date=20240317|rowheader=true|access-date=3 December 2024|refname=UKafro}} |} === Chaatị ngwụcha afọ === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Ọrụ chaatị ngwụcha afọ maka "Hypé" ! scope="col" |Chart (2024) ! scope="col" |Ọnọdụ |- ! scope="row" |France (SNEP) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-tops/le-top-de-lannee/top-singles-annee/?annee=2024|title=Top de l'année – Top Singles – 2024|publisher=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]]|language=fr|accessdate=11 January 2025}}</ref> |56 |} == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} rqiqhp8n4l6t2frgo75wxa2pqz5y1l6 0 73332 692336 597144 2026-07-29T19:50:46Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference error 692336 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ho Dah-an''' (Chinese: 何大安;amụrụ m na 22 Septemba 1948) bụ ọkà mmụta asụsụ Taiwan. == Mmụta == Ho nwetara nzere Bachelor of Arts na 1970, wee nweta nzere Master of Arts na 1973 na PhD na Chinese Literature na 1981 site na National Taiwan University..<ref name="as" /><ref name="ilasprofile">{{Cite news|title=Dah-an HO|url=https://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/main/en?act=researcher_manager&code=show_member&memberID=29&retired=1|accessdate=31 December 2023|publisher=Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ho bụ onye nchọpụta na Academia Sinica's Institute of History and Philology site na 1981 ruo 1997 wee gbanwee njikọ na ụlọ ọrụ nkwadebe ne Institute of Linguistics na 1997. Ho jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke ụlọ ọrụ nkwadebe site na 2000 ruo 2004, mgbe nzukọ ahụ ghọrọ Institute of Linguistics. Ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ na Institute of Linguistics ruo n'afọ 2008 dị ka onye nyocha ma bụrụkwa onye nduzi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ zuru oke site n'afọ 2006 ruo 2008.<ref name="as">{{Cite news|title=Dah-an Ho|url=https://academicians.sinica.edu.tw/index.php?r=academician-n%2Fshow&id=615|accessdate=31 December 2023|publisher=Academia Sinica}}</ref> == Onyinye na nsọpụrụ == A họpụtara Ho ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Academia Sinica na 2010. <ref name="as" /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bnuy8zf6gxxtjnhejrnuhx850c3qyy5 0 73342 692464 597169 2026-07-30T08:28:21Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Bola Afonja | image = | caption = | office = [[Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment (Nigeria)|Minister of Labour and Productivity]] | term_start = August 1993 | term_end = 17 November 1993 | 1blankname = {{nowrap|Head of State}} | 1namedata = [[Ernest Shonekan]] | predecessor = | successor = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1943|2|21|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Oyo, Oyo State|Oyo]], [[Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|5|19|1943|2|21|df=y}} | death_place = [[Ibadan]], [[Oyo State]], Nigeria | occupation = Politician }} '''Prince Aji'''Bọl Afonja'''''' (21 Febụwarị afọ 1943 - 19 Mee afọ 2024), nke a maara dị ka '''Bola Afonja''', bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria na onye ọrụ ebere. Ọ bụ Minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ n'okpuru [[Ernest Shonekan]], <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawodu.com/ing1.htm|title=Politics of dissonance and duplicity|author=Oditta|first=Maxwell|accessdate=2007-04-13|work=Dawodu.com|publisher=Segun Toyin Dawodu}}</ref> ma bụrụkwa onye otu ndị nlekọta nke All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP). <ref>{{Cite news|first=Olusegun|author=Adeniyi|title=ANPP: The Fraud at Eagles Square|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/01/08/20030108ext01.html|work=[[Thisday]]|publisher=Leaders & Company|date=2004-11-16|accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref> Afonja bụ onyeisi oche nke Board of Directors of First Bank plc, nnukwu ụlọ akụ azụmahịa nke Naijiria. Ọ lara ezumike nká na Board na-esote ụbọchị ọmụmụ 70th ya na 21 n'ọnwa Febuwari afọ 2013. Afonja nwụrụ, dịka ọ merụrụ ahụ na mberede, n'ụlọọgwụ University College dị na Ibadan, na 19 n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 81.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/05/20/ex-minister-ajibola-afonja-dies-at-82/|title=Ex- Minister, Ajibola Afonja dies at 82|author=Adebayo|first=Musliudeen|date=20 May 2024|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|accessdate=20 May 2024|quote=}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <references /> l8ftuqmknxf6mo9ez0wplcw578ziw4a 0 73422 692102 687129 2026-07-29T17:33:54Z King ChristLike 13051 removed broken file 692102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Julien Lahaut | width = 250px | alt = Black and white three-quarter photograph of a man with white hair | caption = Portrait of Lahaut | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1884|9|6}} | birth_place = [[Seraing]], [[Belgium]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1950|8|18|1884|9|6}} | death_place = [[Seraing]], Belgium | office1 = Chairman of the [[Communist Party of Belgium]] | termstart1 = 1945 | termend1 = 1950 | nationality = Belgian | occupation = Politician | party = [[Communist Party of Belgium]] <!--Military service-->| allegiance = [[Belgium]] | branch = [[Belgian Army]] | serviceyears = 1915–1918 | rank = | unit = [[Belgian Expeditionary Corps in Russia|Belgian Expeditionary Corps]] | battles = {{Tree list}} * [[World War One]] ** [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]] ***[[Brusilov Offensive]] ***[[Kerensky Offensive]] {{Tree list/end}} }} [[Faịlụ:Julien Lahaut.jpg|thumb|Julien Lahaut]] '''Julien-Victor Lahaut''' (6 Septemba 1884 - 18 Ọgọst 1950) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Beljọm na onye na-eme mkpọsa nke Kọmunist nke jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke òtù Communist nke Belgium site na 1945 ruo 1950. Onye dị mkpa n'oge ndị Germany bichiri na 1940-44, ọ ghọrọ onye olu siri ike na-akwado iwepụ ọchịchị Beljọm n'oge Royal Question mgbe agha gasịrị. Ogbugbu e gburu ya n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1950, n'oge ọgba aghara ahụ kacha dị elu, ka òtù ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jikọtara ya na ndị na-emegide ndị Kọmunist n'ime Ndị ọrụ nzuzo nke Belgium n'afọ 2015; Otú ọ dị, ogbugbu ahụ ka bụ ihe a na-edozibeghị. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, Lahaut jere ozi na Ndị agha Belgium ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị agha Belgium gara ọgụ na Russia, na-alụ ọgụ na Eastern Front yana ndị agha Imperial nke Russia. Mgbe ọ laghachiri Belgium, ọ sonyeere òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kọmunist ọhụrụ nke Belgium. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ ghọrọ osote onye isi oche Ndị òtù Kọmunist ma mesịa bụrụ onyeisi oche nke pati ahụ. Ọ na-ekwukarị okwu nke ọma na ọmịiko ya na mba ahụ. N'oge Ndị Germany bichiri na Belgium (1940-44), dị ka onye isi nke Communist Party, Lahaut duziri mpịaka nke mmadụ narị puku na Mee 1941 a ma jide ya. Mgbe ọ na-enweghị ike ịgbapụ n'agbụ e kèrè ya na Citadel nke Huy, a chụgara ya n'Ogige ịta ahụhụ Mauthausen. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ahụike, ọ ka dị ndụ mgbe ndị Allies tọhapụrụ ogige ahụ na 1945. == Ajụjụ Eze na igbu ọchụ == Mgbe Nnwere Onwe nke Belgium gasịrị, e nwere ogologo oge nke nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nke a maara dị ka Ajụjụ Eze, ma Eze Leopold nke Atọ, onye bi na mba ọzọ n'ihi mkpebi ya inyefe onwe ya na Nazi Germany na 1940, nwere ike ịlaghachi n'ọnọdụ ya dị ka eze. Nsogbu ahụ ruru n'isi n'afọ 1950, mgbe Leopold laghachiri Belgium, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ hapụrụ nwa ya nwoke Baudouin ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dịka eze. (Ọ ga-ahapụ ọchịchị n'ihi ihu ọma Baudouin otu afọ ka e mesịrị.) N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1950, Baudouin ṅụrụ iyi ọrụ iwu kwadoro dị ka onye na-achị achị n'ihu nnọkọ jikọrọ ụlọ abụọ nke ụlọ omebe iwu. N'oge ikpe ahụ, otu n'ime ndị osote ndị ịsị óche nọ ebe ahụ tiri mkpu "Vive la république !!" ("Long Live the republic!"). A kọrọ na Lahaut bụ osote onye isi aka ya dị na ya, na'agbanyeghị na n'ime mgbagwoju anya nke oge a, a ka ejibeghị nke a n'aka. Otu izu mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, na 18 Ọgọstụ 1950, ndị ọgba egbe abụọ a na-amaghị ama gburu Lahaut n'èzí ụlọ ya na Seraing. Na-abịa na njedebe nke nsogbu iwu, ọnwụ Lahaut kpatara iwe zuru ebe niile, ọkachasị n'etiti ndị aka ekpe. A haziri ọgbaghara na mba ahụ dum, ebe ndị mmadụ dị narị puku atọ gara olili ozu ya. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Communist Party Le Drapeau rouge nwere isiokwu: "Mpụ Dị Egwu! Onye anyị hụrụ n'anya Julien Lahaut, onye ndú nke òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Communist, bụ onye ndị Leo-Rexists gburu n'abalị ụnyaahụ. [Ihe odide ala peeji 1]<ref>{{Cite book|author=Stéphany, Pierre|title=Les grands dossiers criminels en Belgique (vol 1)|year=2005|publisher=Racine|location=Brussels}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Могила_Ляо_Жюльен.jpg|thumb|Ihe Ncheta Julien Lahaut]] === Ịchọta ndị Mere Ihe === François Goossens, onye ọrụ ịnshọransị na-arụ na Leopoldist site na Halle, ka e mechara chọpụta na ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ogbu-mmadu ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ejighị n'aka ma ọ gbapụrụ mgbọ ya n'ezie.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nieuwe bekentenis in moord op Julien Lahaut|url=http://www.knack.be/nieuws/belgie/nieuwe-bekentenis-in-moord-julien-lahaut/site72-section24-article10283.html|publisher=Knack|date=4 December 2007|accessdate=9 December 2007|language=Dutch}}</ref> E nyochara Goossens ma gosipụta ya n'akpọghị ya aha na nnyocha nke Etienne Verhoeyen mere na Rudi Van Doorslaer nke CegeSoma mere na 1985.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Verhoeyen|first=Etienne|date=2010|title=De moord op Julien Lahaut|publisher=Meulenhoff/Manteau|isbn=9789085422297}}</ref> N'afọ 2002, onye omeiwu Vincent Van Quickenborne kpughere n'ihu ọha onye Goossens bụ. N'afọ 2007, otu ihe omume nke mmemme telivishọn ''Keerpunt'' n'usoro ihe omume Canvas gosipụtara Eugeen Devillé, nwoke meworo agadi si Halle, onye kwuru na ya onwe ya sonyere na ogbugbu Lahaut. Dị ka Devillé si kwuo, e nwere ndị omempụ anọ: onwe ya (afọ iri abụọ na ise n'oge ahụ), nwanne ya nwoke Alex (afọ iri atọ), di nwanne ha nwanyị Jan Hamelrijck (dị afọ iri abụọ na anọ) na onye a kpọburu aha mbụ François Goossens (dị afọ iri anọ). O kwukwara na ọ bụ ya bụ onye gbara égbè ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Van Cauwelaert|first=Rik|date=29 May 2015|title=Vive la république!|url=https://www.tijd.be/opinie/column/Vive_la_republique/9639111.html|work=[[De Tijd]]|accessdate=29 May 2025}}</ref> N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Ndị omeiwu kwetara ịtụle atụmatụ iwu iji nyekwa ego maka nnyocha akụkọ kaosigaa gbasara ogbugbu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Acts|url=http://www.senate.be/www/?MIval=/publications/viewPub&TID=83892856&LANG=nl|publisher=Belgian Senate|pages=43 and 68|date=19 July 2012|accessdate=17 August 2012|language=Dutch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Wetgevingsstuk nr. 5-1706/1|url=http://www.senate.be/www/?MIval=/publications/viewPub&TID=83892653&LANG=nl|publisher=Belgian Senate|date=19 July 2012|accessdate=17 August 2012|language=Dutch}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Minista Paul Magnette kwupụtara onyinye gọọmentị etiti nyere € 320,000 maka ọmụmụ ihe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Assassinat de Julien Lahaut: 500.000 € pour relancer l'enquête|url=http://www.lameuse.be/487800/article/actualite/belgique/2012-08-17/assassinat-de-julien-lahaut-500000-%E2%82%AC-pour-relancer-l%E2%80%99enquete|publisher=La Meuse|date=17 August 2012|accessdate=17 August 2012|language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Magnette maakt 320.000 euro vrij voor vervolg onderzoek moord op Lahaut|url=http://www.knack.be/belga-politiek/magnette-maakt-320-000-euro-vrij-voor-vervolg-onderzoek-moord-op-lahaut/article-4000163808027.htm|publisher=Knack|date=17 August 2012|accessdate=17 August 2012|language=Dutch}}</ref> === Ntinye aka nke André Moyen === N'afọ 2015, òtù ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ọzọ na CegeSoma (nke ugbua n'okpuru nlekọta nke Emmanuel Gerard) jikọtara ogbugbu ahụ na ndị na-emegide ndị Kọmunist na ndị eze n'ime General Information and Security Service. Mgbe ha kwenyere na Goossens, ụmụnne Devillé na Hamelrijck bụ ndị mere ya kpọmkwem, ha tụrụ André Moyen aka dị ka onye dị mkpa n'otu ndị nọ n'azụ nke Goossens na ndị mmekọ ya rụụrụ ọrụ. Òtù nzuzo a nwere njikọ kpọmkwem ha na ndị uwe ojii. Moyen nwetakwara nkwado site na ụlọ ọrụ Belgium a ma ama na ụlọ ọrụ ego gụnyere Société Générale, Union Minière na Brufina. E nyere netwọk ya ohere iguzobe isi ụlọ ọrụ ya n'efu n'ụlọ nke Union Minière nwere n'etiti Brussels, ebe a na-ekerịta akụkọ eziokwu nzuzo si n'aka Moyen n'etiti ndị ọrụ nzuzo nke ndị agha na ụlọ ọrụ ndị kwadoro ya.<ref name="gerardboek" /> Ndị na-eme nchọpụta kpughere ihe nzuzo e dere na Ọgọst 1950 site n'aka Moyen (nke ya na minista Albert de Vleeschauwer na ndị ọzọ kerịtara). N'ime ya, ọ nọ na-agbachitere "ogbugbu" e gburu Lahaut dị ka "ihe dị mkpa e mere" n'ihi na gọọmentị Belgium anaghị eme ihe zuru ezu megide kọlụm nke ise nke ndị Kọmunist mejupụtara. Ndị nchọpụta na-ekwu na Moyen na-etinye usoro nke esemokwu n'ọrụ n'ihi na o nwere olileanya na ime ihe ike na itinye ọgba aghara ga-eduga n'ịmepụta ọchịchị aka ike. Otú ọ dị, Moyen anwụọlarị na 2008, ọdịkwanụghị onye e kpere ikpe maka ogbugbu ahụ. == Ihe ncheta na omenala a ma ama == N'afọ 1951, onye na-ese ihe nkiri katuun André Jacquemotte sere ihe mkpaọchị na-egosipụta akụkọ ndụ gbasara ndụ Julien Lahaut, nke gbara na magazin Jeunesse Belgique . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/j/jacquemotte_andre.htm|title=André Jacquemotte|work=Lambiek}}</ref> Onye na-ede egwuregwu n'aka ekpe bụ Jean Louvet dere egwuregwu banyere ogbugbu Lahaut nke akpọrọ L'homme qui avait le soleil dans sa poche (nke a na-akpọ 'The Man who had the Sun in his Pocket') nke e bipụtara na 1982. Ihe yiri ụdị ihe Lahaut mere na 1950 mere na 1993 mgbe nwanne Baudouin na onye nọchiri ya bụ Albert nke Abụọ ṅụrụ iyi ọrụ: onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nnwere onwe Jean-Pierre Van Rossem tiri mkpu "Vive la république d'Europe, vive Julien Lahaut!" (Mba Europe g'adị, Julien Là-haut g'adị!"). <ref>{{Cite web|author=Verstraete|first=Alexander|date=9 August 2018|title=25 jaar geleden legde Albert II de eed af als 6e koning der Belgen|url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2018/08/09/uit-het-archief-25-jaar-geleden-legde-albert-ii-de-eed-af-als-6|work=[[VRT NWS]]|accessdate=29 May 2025}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ajụjụ Eze == Ihe Ndị E Deturu == {{Reflist}} == Edensibịa == == Ebe e si nweta ya == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * {{Cite journal|author=Gerard|first=Emmanuel|title=The Murder of Julien Lahaut (1950)and the Anti-Communist Campaign in Belgium|journal=Dutch Crossing|date=2016|volume=40|issue=1|pages=54–67|doi=10.1080/03096564.2016.1129193}} *   == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.wallonie-en-ligne.net/1995_Cent_Wallons/Lahaut_Julien.htm Akụkọ ndụ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Jules Destrée Institute] (n'asụsụ French) * [http://www.resistances.be/lahaut2.html Ọkpụkpọ òkù maka kọmitii omeiwu maka ogbugbu Julien Lahaut, 2000] (n'asụsụ French) * [http://www.levif.be/info/actualite/belgique/nollet-debloque-150-000-euros-pour-investiguer-sur-l-assassinat-de-julien-lahaut/article-1194956625310.htm Nollet wepụtara euro 150,000 iji nyochaa ogbugbu Julien Lahaut] na Le Vif''Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ'' * [https://parismatch.be/actualites/societe/415090/julien-lahaut-un-assassinat-politique-au-temps-de-la-guerre-froide-documents-inedits Julien Lahaut, ogbugbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge Agha Nzuzo: akwụkwọ ndị a na-ebipụtabeghị ] na Paris-Match''Egwuregwu Paris'' s9cjdskv0k7u0bi8r9z0vc821ppvfnq 0 73518 692290 597486 2026-07-29T18:30:31Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Aimée Bologne-Lemaire (French pronunciation: [ɛme bɔlɔɲ ləmɛʁ]; 6 Jenụwarị 1904 - 20 Disemba 1998) bụ onye [[Belgium]] na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị, onye otu nnupụisi, na onye nkwado Walloon. A mụrụ Estelle Aimée Lemaire n'ezinụlọ nọ n'etiti na mkpata akụ na Saint-Gilles, Belgium. Nna ya bụ onye ọka iwu, onye Socialist na prọfesọ mahadum; nne ya bụ onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ. Aimée gụrụ akwụkwọ na ULB, ebe o sonyeere òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Socialist, gụsịa akwụkwọ na 1926. Ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi, nke mbụ na Charleroi, mesịa gaa na Ixelles ruo 1943, wee laghachi Charleroi iji were ọkwa onye nduzi nke Athénée Royal Vauban. N'afọ 1929, ọ lụrụ [[Maurice Bologne|Maurice Bologna]], onye na-eme mkpọsa na Parti Ouvrier Belge, onye bu ụzọ na ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị socialist Belgium nke oge a (Socialist Party na Socialist Party - Different). N'ime afọ ndị 1930, di na nwunye ahụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na left wing circles, gụnyere nkwado maka International Brigades n'oge Agha Obodo Spain na ịbụ onye òtù na Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes. N'afọ 1938, Lemaire-Bologne so na ndị guzobere "Historical Society for the Defence of Walloon Culture". N'oge ndị Germany bichiri na Belgium na [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], o nwere njikọ ya na nzukọ Wallonie Libre. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka mmelite ọdịbendị Walloon, ma bụrụ onye isi nduzi na ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke òtù Wallonia, nke nwara ịzọpụta ụmụaka ndị Juu site n'ịchụpụ ha pụọ na mba ahụ, yana inye ụmụaka na-enweghị nri nri. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ nzuzo na-ekesa akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma na-elekọta isi ụlọ ọrụ nke ndị òtù ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị socialist a machibidoro iwu. N'afọ 1943, n'ihi ọrụ ya n'ịkwụsị mbọ ndị Germany na-agba iji tinye ụmụ agbọghọ ndị nọ na Charleroi n'ụlọ ọrụ nrụpụta ihe ndị Germany n'ike (nke a na-akpọ arbeitseinsatz), a manyere ya ịga zoo. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Bologne-Lemaire sonyere na nnọkọ mba nke Walloon na 1945. Ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ nkuzi na Charleroi, laa ezumike nká na 1961. N'afọ 1960, ọ sonyeere ndị òtù bọọdụ nchịkwa nke Institut Jules Destrée. Ọ sonyeere Walloon Front, òtù nke ghọrọ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ Walloon Rally na 1968. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke alaka ụmụ nwanyị òtù ahụ site na 1970 ruo 1976. Tinyere n'ide akwụkwọ abụọ, o nyere ọtụtụ edemede isiokwu na Wallonie Libre yana na Forces Wallonnes. Ya na di ya bịanyere aka na Manifesto maka ọdịbendị Walloon na 1983. Ọ bụ onye natara ọtụtụ nsọpụrụ si Belgium, e mere ya Officer of the Order of Leopold II na knight nke Order of Léopold. Ọ nwetakwara ihe nrite Civilian Resistance Medal maka ọrụ ya n'oge agha. Aimée Bologne-Lemaire nwụrụ na Nalinnes-lez-Charleroi na 1998. == Ọrụ nke Aimée Bologne-Lemaire == * ''Arille Carlier ou La conscience wallonne.'' Nalinnes-lez-Charleroi: Institut Jules Destrée, 1969 * ''Jules Destrée: August 21, 1863-2 January 1936. '' Mont-sur-Marchienne: Institut Jules Destrée, 1976. == Edensibịa == * (n'asụsụ French) Catherine Jacques, "LEMAIRE, Estelle, Aimée...", na [[Éliane Gubin|Eliane Gubin]], Catherine Jacques, Valérie Piette & Jean Puissant (eds), Dictionnaire des femmes belges: XIXe et XXe siècles. * (n'asụsụ French) Suzanne Van Rokegem, Jeanne Vercheval-Vervoort & Jacqueline Aubenas, Des femmes dans l'Histoire en Belgique depuis 1830. [[Otú:Ndị a mụrụ n'afọ 1904]] c5asga6ye14ezztp511adc4xyf4sbsi 0 73765 692624 598089 2026-07-30T11:56:34Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692624 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #BDBDBD;" |<div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;">[[The Reverend|Onye Reverend]]</div><br /><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Allan MacDonald</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Allan_MacDonald_(poet).jpg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chọọchị | class="infobox-data org" |[[Latin Church|Chọọchị Latịn]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Diocese | class="infobox-data label" |[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Argyll and the Isles|Argyll na agwaetiti ndị ahụ]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;" |Iwu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ịhọpụta | class="infobox-data" |9 Julaị 1882 site n'aka [[Charles Eyre (bishop)|Charles Eyre]]<br />&nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;" |Nkọwa nke onwe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" |25 Ọktoba 1859<div class="birthplace">[[Fort William, Highland|Fort William]], Inverness-shire, Scotland</div><br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nwụrụ | class="infobox-data" |8 Ọktoba 1905 (afọ 45) <div class="deathplace">[[Eriskay]], Scotland</div><br /> |} Reverend '''Allan MacDonald''' (Scottish Gaelic: '''Maighstir Ailein''', An t-Athair Ailean Dòmhnallach) (25 Ọktoba 1859, Fort William - 8 Ọktobe 1905, Eriskay) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik nke Scotland na onye na-eme mkpọsa n'àgbà ndị ikpeazụ nke Highland Clearances. Ọ bụ onye na-ede uri okpukpe na nke ụwa n'asụsụ Scottish Gaelic na onye na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala a na-akwanyere ùgwù nke ọma na onye na-anakọta ihe site na ọdịnala a na-ekwu n'ọnụ na Highlands na Islands. A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ nọ n'ọkwá dị n'etiti, nne na nna ya zụlitere ya ka ọ na-asụ naanị asụsụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]]. Mgbe ọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ụkọchukwu, MacDonald họọrọ ịmalite ịmụ Gaelic, asụsụ ndị nna nna ya, ga emesị bụrụ onye na-asụ mana ede ya nke ọma. Mgbe e techara ya mmanụ ịbụ onye ụkọchukwu, e zigara MacDonald na Diocese nke Argyll na Isles n'ime afọ iri ikpeazụ nke Highland Clearances. Nke a bụ n'oge ọgba aghara Highland Land League kacha biri ọkụ nke mere na MacDonald ghọrọ onye ọgụ ala ndị Ireland kpaliri mmụọ ya. N'okpuru iwu sitere n'aka bishọp ya, ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama maka ime mkpọsa banyere ikike ndị mbịarambịa, ụgwọ ụlọ dịtụ mma ọkwụkwụ, nchekwa nke ọnụnọ, ime ntuli aka n'efu, na megide Ịkpa ókè n'okpukpe nke na-eme ka ndị parish ya na Outer Hebrides daa ogbenye. <ref name="scalan.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.scalan.co.uk/eriskay.htm|title=Home Page|work=www.scalan.co.uk}}</ref> N'afọ 1889, MacDonald bipụtara akwụkwọ ukwe Katọlik nke ukwe ọdịnala na Gaelic, nke a ka na-eji eme ihe ma ugbua. Ọ nwụrụ n'ọrịa oyi bara ya n'ahụ, pleurisy, yana azụzụ na Eriskay mgbe ọ dị naanị afọ iri anọ na ise. Onye Celtic Ronald Black dere na ọ bụrụ na MacDonald, onye ọsụ ụzọ nke ihe nnọchianya na uri nke oge a na Gaelic, anwụghị n'oge, "ọdịdị nke akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Gaelic na narị afọ nke iri abụọ nwere ike ịdị iche. " == Oge ọ malitere == [[Faịlụ:Ben_Nevis_Inn.jpg|thumb|Ben Nevis Inn ebe a kwenyere na ọ bụ ebe a mụrụ Allan MacDonald]] Nna Allan, John MacDonald (Scottish Gaelic: Iain Ailein Òg) (1821–1873), ka a mụrụ n'ezinụlọ ndị Carter, dị nso na Grantown-on-Spey e wee were ya n'ọrụ ọtụtụ afọ na General Post Office dịka onye nche kwajuru ngwá nke ọma, onye iwu e nyèrè ya bụ ka o chebe "Marquess nke Breadalbane" Royal Mail Coach pụọ n'aka ndị ókpóró nọ n'ụzọ warawara dị n'etiti Fort William, Glencoe, Blackmount, and Glasgow. Mgbe ọ lụchara Margaret MacPherson, bụ nwa nwanyị nke onye ọzụzụ atụrụ Strathspey dị na Fort William n'afọ 1852, John MacDonald dokọtara ego zụụrụ ya ịzụta ụlọ ndị ọbịa na 179 High Street n'obodo ahụ. Allan bụ nwa nne na nna ya nke atọ dị ndụ onye a mụrụ n'ime ụlọ dị n'elu n'ụlọ ndị ọbịa nke nna ya na abalị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Ọktoba 1859. A kpọrọ ya aha nna nna ya na-adịchabeghị anya ọ nwụrụ, Allan MacDonald (Scottish Gaelic: Ailein Òg) (1782–1859). MacDonald chetara òtù, na mgbé ọ ka bụ nwata, ma obodo both the town of Fort William na obodo nta ndị gbara ya gburugburu nwere mgbanwe asụsụ site na Gaelic gaa Highland English. O kọwara Fort William dị mgbe ọ ka na-eto eto dịka, "nke ọkara ya dị n'ebe dị ala, ọkara ya dị n'ebe dị elu." Dịka Roger Hutchinson si kwuo, okwu MacDonald mèchàrà kwuo gbasaraIwebata asụsụ Bekee na Fort William nanmgbe ọ ka bụ nwata bụ egbe okwu. Ndekọ e mere site n'ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ e mere n'oge ahụ kpughere na pasent iri asaa nke ndị bi na Fort William population kwuru na ha nwenwuru ike ịsụ asụsụ Bekee na Gaelic. Òtù ọ dị, asụsụ Bekee bụụrụ asụsụ azụmahịa nke a hụtara dịka asụsụ a ga-eji gbanwee n'ọdịniihu, nke mere na John na Margaret MacDonald, bụ ndị na-ejikwa ụlọ ndị ọbịa, họọrọ ikuziri ụmụ ha naanị asụsụ Bekee . Mmasị MacDonald nwere n'oge ndụ ya niile n'akụkọ ọdịnala Scotland nke Highlands na Islands, mmasị nna ya nwekwuru, malitere mgbe ọ bụ nwata na Fort William. O kwenyere dị ka nwatakịrị n'akụkọ obodo banyere each-uisge, ma ọ bụ "ịnyịnya mmiri", nke Loch Linnhe dị nso, nke azụ ya nwere ike isi n'ụzọ anwansi gbasaa iji mee ka ụmụaka niile chọrọ ịgba ya nwee ike. Ma mgbe ahụ, ịnyịnya mmiri ahụ ga-agba ọsọ banye n'ọdọ mmiri kacha nso ebe ahụ iji gbuo ma rie ụmụaka nọ n'azụ ya. MacDonald mechara cheta, "Ọtụtụ ịnyịnya dị ndị m na-agaghị abanye dị ka nwatakịrị n'ihi egwu ọ ga-abụ ''each-uisge''. " Mmasị MacDonald nwere n'oge ndụ ya niile maka egwu ọdịnala Scotland a na-akpọ na Great Highland bagpipe sikwa na mgbe ọ bụ nwata na Fort William. Ọ gwara enyi ya Frederick Rea "na a mụrụ ya n'ụkwụ Ben Nevis ya mere na ịhụnanya o nwere maka ọkpọkọ ọdịnala agaghị abụghị nke kwesịrị iju anya. Achọpụtara m etu anya ya si na-enwu gbaa mgbe a kpọrọ egwu strathspey, yana, na pibroch, ihu ya siri ike, nke ihu igwe tipịalara ga-ejupụta n'ụcha) ọ ma dọtịa ogologo dị ụkwụ isii n'ozuzu ebe ọ na-agbaso ụda egwu ahụ dị ka nke agha. == Agụmakwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Ndị Fada == === Kọleji Blairs === N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọst n'afọ 1871, Allan MacDonald dị afọ iri na abụọ banyere obere ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Fada na Blairs College dị na Aberdeen. N'oge ọ bịara, ọ na-asụ naanị Bekee. Ma ọnọdụ obibi ndụ na ịdọ aka ná ntị bụ nke dị oke egwu na Blairs College n'oge afọ ndị 1870. Nke ukwuu nke na MacDonald na-ekwukarị n'afọ ndị sochirinụ na, mgbe ihe ọ hụchara na Blairs College gasịrị, ihe isi ike niile nke ịbụ onye ụkọchukwu na Outer Hebrides yiri ihe okomoko ma e jiri ya tunyere ya. MacDonald ga-anọgide na-enwe, "ịkpọ asị yiri ka ha a dị na mma", nke onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ Blairs, [[Peter Joseph Grant]], maka ndụ ya fọdụrụnụ.<ref name="Roger Hutchinson 2010 Page 44"> Ndị nkuzi ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere James A. Smith, onye ga-abụ Achịbishọp nke St Andrews na Edinburgh. Isi okwu a na-elekwasị anya bụ ọmụmụ nke Ecclesiastical Latin. E nyere ndị seminarị chọrọ ịmụkwa Gaelic akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Gaelic nke [[Ewen MacEachen]] na nsụgharị ya nke Imitatio Christi nke Thomas a Kempis dere Christi dị ka akwụkwọ nkuzi. A gbara ha ume ka ha gaa n'ihu na ọmụmụ Gaelic n'onwe ha. Asụsụ ndị ọzọ a kụziri gụnyere [[Asụsụ French|French]], Spanish, na Italian, nke e bu n'uche na ọ ga-akwadebe ndị seminarị na Blairs maka ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ na kọleji Scots dị na Paris, Douai, Rom, na Valladolid. A na-akụzikwara ha [[Ọmúmú-àlà|Ọdịdị ala]] site na iji ihe gbara Gburugburu ka ụwa, dịka ọ dị, "[[Ákọ na Uche|nkà ihe ọmụma]] na alaka ya niile", na nkà mmụta okpukpe. Nne na nna MacDonald nwụrụ n'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Blairs College. Iain Ailein Òg nwụrụ n'ụlọ ndị ọbịa ya dị na Fort William n'ihi ụkwara nta na Gastritis na-adịghị ala ala na 25 Machị 1873. Ọ dị naanị afọ iri ise na asatọ. Nwunye ya di ya nwụrụ, Margaret MacPherson MacDonald dị afọ iri anọ na ise, nwụkwara na Fort William n'ihi nkụchi akpa ume na 20 Disemba 1875. Ụmụ MacDonald ndị dị ndụ hapụrụ ụlọ ozugbo wee gbasaa. Elizabeth "Lizzie" MacDonald dị afọ iri na abụọ bụ onye nwanne nna nne ya Alexander MacIntosh kpọbatara, onye kpọ̀ọkwara nne ya na-enweghị nna afọ iri atọ tupu mgbe ahụ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Fort William, Elizabeth MacDonald sonyeere nwanne ya nwanyị tọrọ ya Charlotte MacDonald dị ka ony ọrụ ụlọ na Glasgow. Nwanne ha nwoke dị afọ iri na ụma Ronald MacDonald kwagara Glenshiel na Lochalsh, ebe ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ ugbo.<ref name="Roger Hutchinson 2010 Pages 48" /> === Valladolid === Na Septemba 1876, ndị prọfesọ ya dụrụ MacDonald ọdụ ka ọ gaa n'ihu na ọzụzụ ya na Royal Scots College dị na Madrid. Ọ malitere njem gaa [[Spain]] obere oge tupu afọ iri na asaa ya wee rute Valladolid site na njem ụgbọ okporo ígwè o mere gafere Paris na Bordeaux. Dị ka John Lorne Campbell si kwuo, "Na Valladolid, e nwere ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ Highland ma ha na-emepụta magazin holograph Gaelic, nke a chekwaara ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu n'ime ha. MacDonald mère ntinye na nke a, o doro anya na n'okpuru ọtụtụ aha nzuzo, maka ederede aka ya na-apụta ugboro ugboro na mbipụta ndị ahụ ndị fọdụrụ" Na Machị 1882, MacDonald dị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ laghachiri Scotland mgbe ọ nọsịrị afọ ise na Spain. MacDonald ga-eleghachi anya azụ n'obi ụtọ icheta afọ ọmụmụ seminarị ya na Spain ma dee uri Gaelic Rannan do Mgr Mac an Tóisich ("Akwụkwọ ozi nye Fr John MacIntosh nke Bornish") n'oge ya n'ebe ahụ. === Ịte ya Mmanụ === Mgbe ọ lọtara, ndị nnyocha MacDonald gwara Achịbishọp Charles Eyre na ha nwere afọ ojuju, ọ bụghị naanị na ihe ọmụma ya, kamakwa na amamihe na ezi uche nke o ji tinye ihe ọmụma a n'okwu ụfọdụ. " Allan MacDonald bụ, n'okwu onye isi David MacDonald, "onye na-enweghị ihe mgbochi ọbụla ichi ya ụkọchukwu, ma e wezụga afọ ole ọ dị" Archbishop Eyre tere Allan MacDonald mmanụ ka ọ bụrụ onye ụkọchukwu na St Andrew's Cathedral, Glasgow, site na 9 Julaị 1882.<ref name="Roger Hutchinson 2010 Page 67" /> == Ọrụ == === Ozi dịka ụkọchukwu na Oban === Mgbe e techara ya mmanụ, AchịBishọp Eyre nyere Allan MacDonald ọrụ nkuzi na Blairs College, nke ọ jụrụ. E kenyere ya ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi nke St Columba's Cathedral na Oban, nke bụ katidral osisi nwa oge nke dị n'ebe a rụrụ Cathedral Hall nke oge a. MacDonald zụlitere ọbụbụenyi chiri anya ma dị ogologo oge ya na Bishọp Angus MacDonald nke Catholic Diocese nke Argyll na Isles.<ref name="Ronald Black 2002 Page 64" /> Dị ka John Lorne Campbell si kwuo, "Naanị ezinụlọ Katọlik bi n'obodo Oban n'onwe ya bụ nke Donald McLeod, onye Isle nke Eigg, e wee site na Donald McLead Allan nweta ọtụtụ ukwe ọdịnala, ụfọdụ n'ime ha ka e mechara bipụta n'akwụkwọ ukwe o bipụtara na 1893. Nke a bụ mmalite nke inwe mmasị na ọdịnala a kọrọ n'ọnụ nke Allan tinyere ike ya n'oge ezumike ya ruo afọ iri na asaa sochirinụ, na-ewepụ akụkọ ọdịnala ndị a kọrọ n'ọnụ, ekpere, ukwe, abụ, akụkọ, aha ebe, omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Gaelic mgbe bụla o nwetara oghere ya. Na-erule afọ 1884, etu MacDonald si ghọta asụsụ Gaelic bụzi nke e mechara kpọọ nke zuru ezu. Mgbe ọ jụkwara ọzọ ọkwa ngalaba e nyèrè ya na Blairs College, e kenyere Allan MacDonald dị afọ iri abụọ na anọ na parish dị na Outer Hebrides wee gafee The Minch. == Ọnwụ == Otú ọ dị, MacDonald ga-anwụ ọnwa ole na ole ka e mesịrị. Dị ka asambodo ọnwụ ya na General Register Office dị na Edinburgh si kwuo, ''Maighstir Ailein'' nwụrụ n'ihi oyi bara ya n'ahụ, pleurisy, na influenza n'àkwà nke Rectory ya n'elekere mbụ nke ụtụtụ na 8 Ọktoba 1905. Nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, Ronald MacDonald, onye si n'ugbo ya na Glenshiel bịa n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nọ ya mgbe ọ nwụrụ. E mere usoro Mass Tridentine maka mkpụrụ obi ya na St. Michael's Church site n'aka nwa nwanne nna Allan MacDonald nke mbụ, Canon Alexander MacKintosh (1853-1922), nke ndị ụkọchukwu iri abụọ na otu, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị enyi Allan MacDonald na ndị niile bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ bịara. MacDonald ahọrọla ebe ili ozu maka onwe ya n'akụkụ ụlọ ụka ahụ ma chee ihu na Sound of Barra, kpochapụchaa nettles ndị juru na ya, ma jiri osisi na-adọkpụ gbaa ogige ahụ gburugburu. O kwuru, "Ka e lie m n'etiti ndị m nwụrụ anwụ dịkwa nso na ndị m dị ndụ, ka m nọrọ ha nso, nakwa ka mụ na ha bilie n'otu n'Ụbọchị Ikpe." Mgbe Requiem gasịrị, e si na ''Am Rubha Bàn'' buru igbe ozu MacDonald gaa n'ebe ili ozu ọ họọrọ. Otu n'ime ndị bịara ya mechara cheta na ọ bụ olili ozu ikpeazụ nke e ji omenala Keening, ma ọ bụ ''Coronach'', mee ihe na Hebrides. Mgbe e wedara igbe ozu MacDonald n'ili, ndị Katọlik na-ebe ákwá nke Eriskay chụpụrụ ndị na-egwu ili ma jiri aka ha kpochie ili ahụ site n'onye ọ bụla ikporo obere aja n'aka n'otu n'otu.<ref name="Roger Hutchinson 2010 Page 191" /> Ewezuga nwanne ya nwoke nke obere Ronald, ụmụnne ya nwanyị abụọ lụrụ di, Mrs. Charlotte McHardy nke Helensburgh, nwunye onye uwe ojii, na Mrs. Elizabeth MacInnes nke Anderston bụkwa ndị Allan MacDonald hapụrụ na-eru uju ya. Dị ka akụkọ 14 Ọktoba 1905 si kwuo na Glasgow Observer, ụmụnne atọ ahụ dị ndụ nọọrọ na Eriskay maka aka Mass na olili MacDonald. Ka ọ na-erule afọ ndị 1930, nwa nwanyị Elizabeth MacInnes, Margaret "Meg" MacInnes، aghọwo onye a ma ama dị ka onye na-agụ egwú ọdịnala Gaelic. Ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1947, MacInnes nọ na-eleta Eriskay mgbe niile, ebe a na-ewere ya dị ka onye nketa MacDonald.<ref name="Ronald Black 2002 Pages 9" /> Na mgbakwunye na inye Requiem Mass, Canon MacKintosh dere ma bipụta nkwuputa ọnwụ mmadụ maka nwa nwanne nna ya nwụrụ anwụ, "nke nyere ihe ndabere maka akụkọ ndụ niile sochirinụ". N'afọ 1909, a raara obe Celtic High nye n'ili Allan MacDonald n'ebe olili ozu St Michael. Kemgbe ọnwa Julaị afọ 2001, ụzọ dị otu kilomita gafere Sound of Barra n'etiti Eriskay na South Uist, nke enwere ike ị̀gbara gbafee n'ụzọ dị mfe, kama ịbụ, dị ka ọ dị n'oge ndụ MacDonald, nke obere ụgbọ mmiri na-egbu azụ na-agbagharị n'elu ya n'ụzọ doro anya.Ebe a rụrụ ụlọ ekpere nke afọ 1852ebe MacDonald bu ụzọ nye Mas n'oge nleta mbụ ya na Eriskay bụ ugbu a ụlọ nsọ Marian ebe ihe oyiyi nke Our Lady of Fatima guzo na-ele Sound of Barra anya. == Akụkọ ọdịnala, akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, na nchịkọta abụ ọdịnala == === Akwụkwọ Abụ === MacDonald malitere ịnakọta akụkọ ọdịnala mgbe e kenyere ya Oban obere oge ka e techara ya mmanụ dịka ụkọchukwu. Site na Donald MacLeod, onye ọkụ azụ na onye parish nke St Columba's Cathedral si Isle of Eigg, MacDonald chịkọtara ọtụtụ ukwe Katọlik n'asụsụ Scottish Gaelic. O gbakwunyere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na ndepụta na nsụgharị nke ya ma bipụta akwụkwọ ukwe Gaelic a na-edeghị aha ya n'afọ 1893. === Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu === Akwụkwọ edemede MacDonald gụnyekwara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu zuru ezu nke okwu Scottish Gaelic ndị nọ n'oké ihe ize ndụ nke ịpụ kpamkpam n'iji ha n'asụsụ ma chefuo nkọwa ọdịnala ha. Ọbá akwụkwọ MacDonald gụnyere ọtụtụ mpịakọta dị ụkọ nke akụkọ ifo Celtic, nchịkọta abụ Scottish Gaelic, na uri Bardic nke narị afọ nke iri na asaa na nke iri na asatọ, nke ọ ghọtara na-ejuputakarị n'okwu na atụmatụokwu ndị na-apụtaghị a na-kọwakwanụghị na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Scottish Gaeic ọ bụla dị. MacDonald nwere ihe o ji karịa onye ọ bụla chọrọ ịmụta okwu na atụmatụokwu ndị a taa, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ndị parish ya bụ ndị agadi na-asụ naanị otu asụsụ Gaelic ndị a mụrụ tupu Agha nke Waterloo nke afọ 1815 na ndị bi n'onwe ha site na Highland Clearances. N'ihi ya, MacDonald na-arịọkarị ndị agadi a na-ebu ọdịnala ka ha mee ka ihe okwu na atụmatụokwu ndị a a na-ejighịzi eme ihe pụtara doo anya, ọ wee dezie nkọwa zuru ezu na akwụkwọ edemede ya, na-edekwa aha ndị kọwaara ya ihe ọ na-ede. Writing in 1953, John Lorne Campbell nwere nnukwu òtùtò màkà ọrụ MacDonald dịka onye lexicographer, na-ekwu "Nchịkọta a na-egosipụta ngalaba niile nke ndụ Hebridean. E nwere ike isi na ya nweta okwu ndị doro anya, nwee nghọta, na-egosipụta nkà asụsụ nke dị sụrụ asụsụ Hebridean yana Gaelic nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, gbasara omenala ha, akparamagwa na orụ ha, nakwa nkwenye nke okpukpe ha dị ike nakwa nchọpụta ha nke a kpachapụrụ anya mee banyere akụmakụ na ụmụ anụmanụ gbara ha gburugburu; e nwere ike isi na ya nweta ihe ọmụma banyere akụnaụba nke akụkọ ifo na omenala a na-akọ n'ọnụ nke ndị Gael chekwara n'agbanyeghị ụbịam, mmegbu na mbịatụ nke asụsụ ha sitere n'iwu, ọdịbendị na-akpali échìchè ha nke rọpụtaara ha echiche ụgha dị iche iche na mkparịtaụka kwa ụbọchị ha." Site n'enyemaka ọtụtụ ndị ji kọmputa dee ya bu ihe, Campbell deziri akwụkwọ nkọwa okwu ahụ maka mbipụta, site, n'ime ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ, idenye ihe ndị dị na ya n'usoro A B Ch D maka mbipụta. E bipụtara agba nke mbụ nke akwụkwọ nkọwa okwu ahụ na Dublin n'afọ 1958, a kọwaakwala ya kemgbe ahụ dịka isi ihe maka ọmụmụ Celtic, asụsụ Scottish Gaelic, yana akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ya. N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya n'afọ ndị 2010, Catriona Black kwụrụ maka akwụkwọ nkọwa okwu ahụ, "A hụrụ ma okwu ndị dị ya n'anya. Ha mara mma nke ukwuu ma na-atụ aka na ihe ndị mere eme kpọmkwem. Ha na-adịtụkwa ịkwa emu - e nwere mmetụta mmadụ ebe ahụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ ha na-eji nwayọ akwa mmadụ emu." === Akwụkwọ edemede === Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na St. Peter's Church na South Uist, onye nkuzi MacDonald, Alexander Campbell (1820-1893), gbara ya ume ka ọ gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ nchịkọta ya ma lekwasị anya na akụkọ ifo ndị Hebride na akụkọ ọdịnala nke South Uist. Campbell, onye nyeere onye na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala a ma ama Alexander Carmichael aka ịnakọta ihe e bipụtara na ''Carmina Gadelica'', na-agwakarị Allan MacDonald, "Nwa m nwoke, mgbe ị na-akọ ihe ndị m tara ahụhụ kparie, ị ga-ekwere ihe ndị ọzọ. " Dị ka John Lorne Campbell si kwuo, "Nchịkọta akụkọ ọdịnala ya, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha ka a ka ga-ebipụta, na-eru ọtụtụ puku narị okwu, ma eleghị anya nchịkọta akụkọ ọdịnala kachasị ukwuu metụtara otu mpaghara doro anya nke otu onye edemede, ọ bụla merela. O nwetara ụtọ ndụ sitere na ọbụbụenyi na nkwanye ùgwù nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkammụta a ma ama na Scotland yana Ireland ndị na-egbughi oge ịjụ ya ụdịrị ajụjụ ọ bụ naanị ya nwere ike ịza n'oge ahụ. Ọ hapụrụ, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, ụtọ asụsụ nke South uist Gaelic na akwụkwọ mkpirikpi n'asụsụ Gaelic, nke ebiputarala na akwụkwọ ozi Faire, Na ọtụtụ uri ndị ọzọ." E mechara hụta MacDonald dịka otu ọkachamara a ma ama na nkà ya, nke mere na ndị dịka Walter Blackie, Alexander na Ella Carmichael, George Henderson, William MacKenzie na Neil Munro na-edetara ya akwụkwọ ozi iji jụta ya ucheobi ya gbasara ihe.. == Akwụkwọ edemede mbụ == === Abụ okpukpe === Abụ MacDonald bụkarịrị Abụ Ndị Kraịst, dịka a ga-atụ anya n'aka onye nwere ọkpụkpọ òkù o nwere. O dere Abụ Ekeresimesi nke Scottish Gaelic, ukwe na amaokwu iji sọpụrụ Nné Jesu dị ngọzi, Kraịst dị ka nwata, na Sakramentị dị Ngọzi. Otú ọ dị, n'ọtụtụ uri Ekeresimesi ya, MacDonald na-ekwu na Kraịst dịka nwata bịara n'ụwa ma ejighị ọṅụ nabata ya, kama site na Mkpagbu okpukpe na ịkpọasị nke agbụrụ mmadụ. MacDonald sụgharịrị Mas Tridentine na akwụkwọ ndị Kraịst n'asụsụ Latin gaa n'amaokwu Gaelic; gụnyere Dies irae nke Thomas nke Celano, Stabat Mater, Ave Maris Stella, A ''Solis ortus cardine'', ''Te lucis ante terminum'', [4] na Salve Regina. Uri okpukpe mbụ nke MacDonald gbalịkwara imejupụta oghere ndị dị n'akụkọ ọdịnala n'ọnụ nke ndị Hebride Mpụga. A gwara MacDonald na ụmụ aka South uist eburula katkizim dị n'uri ọnụ nke ndị Gaelic n'isi tupu Nnwere onwe Katọlik na 1829. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị onye a hụrụ nke ka nwere ike ịgụghachite katkizim ndị ahụ furu efu site na ncheta, MacDonald kpebiri imepụta ya ọzọ kama ide ya. N'ihi ya, o dere usoro "abụ nkuzi", nke bụ nsụgharị n'asụsụ Gaelic yana ime ya ka ọ dị n'ụdị amookwu bụ A Catechism of Christian Doctrine, "Penny Catechismo" a ma ama nke Bishop Richard Challonerdere. Mgbe ọ na-ede abụ- na uri An Eaglais ("Chọọchị"), MacDonald jiri ihe atụ oge ochie nke Chọọchị Katọlik dị ka Ụgbọ mmiri nke St. Peter, mee ka ọ kwekọọ na ọdịbendị nke Outer Hebrides, ma chetagharịa [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs Kraịst]] dị ka Onye na-arụ ụgbọ mmiri na Hebridean. Ọzọkwa, MacDonald, onye na-enwe mmasị mgbe niile n'ime ka ọdịnala nke akwụkwọ Gaelic na ntụziaka okpukpe jikọọ, dere uri a na-agbaso ụdị abụ Waulking. == Ihe Ncheta == [[Faịlụ:Canna_house.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Canna House, ebe a na-echekwa ihe ndekọ nke John Lorne Campbell na [[Margaret Fay Shaw]] nke Akwụkwọ Scottish Gaelic, akụkọ ihe mere eme, na akụkọ ọdịnala.]] Akwụkwọ ncheta Amy Murray banyere ọbụbụenyi ha, bụ 'Father Allan's Island' ka Padraic Colum bipụtara nke nwere okwu mbido na 1920. Dị ka Ray Perman si kwuo, "E dere ya n'ụzọ akụkọ ifo dị aňaa - ụfọdụ ga-ekwu na ọ na-akpasu iwe, akwụkwọ ya bụ n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, akwụkwọ nwere mmetụta, na-abụghị nke na-enweghị isi nke Allan na ndụ ya na Eriskay na mbido narị afọ nke iri abụọ. Ọ nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]]." Aha mbụ a ga-akpọ maka ịzọpụta Allan MacDonald pụọ n'ịbụ onye a na-amaghị ama yana iweghachi aha ya na mkpa ọ na-egbo na Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Scottish Gaelic, ga abụrịrị di Margaret Fay-Shaw, onye ọkà mmụta na onye mba Scotland bụ John Lorne Campbell. Nnyocha Campbell banyere MacDonald malitere na 1936, mgbe magazin Outlook gwachara ya ka ọ nyochaa mbipụta nke abụọ nke akwụkwọ ncheta nke onye na-agụ egwú Amy Murray bụ Father Allan's Island. Campbell, n'agbanyeghị na a zụlitere ya na chọọchị Scottish Episcopal, "nwere mmasị dị ukwuu na Father Allan", onye ọ nụrụ otuto dị elu site n'aka ndị bi na South Uist, Eriskay, na Barra bụ ndị maara ya. <ref name="Ray Perman 2013 Page 156" /> Site n'enyemaka nke ndị enyi dị iche iche yana mahadum nke Glasgow na Edinburgh, Campbell nwerenwuru Ike ịchọpụta ihe odide uri, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na nchịkọta akụkọ ọdịnala zuru ezu nke Allan MacDonald, nke a na-ahụghị a ma chee na ọ furu efu kemgbe ọnw''ụ'' ya na 1905. Ka okwu ahụ na-agbasa, ndị ọzọ kesara akwụkwọ ozi ndị a hụrụ, ma nke e zigaara MacDonald ma nke yanwa degaara ndị ọzọ. Nnyocha zuru ezu Campbell mekwuru banyere ndụ MacDonald, oge, na ihe odide ya, yana akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ka a chịkọtara ma debe ya na Canna, na Inner Hebrides nke Scotland. Nchịkọta mbụ nke amookwu MacDonald n'asụsụ Gaelic, ''Bàrdachd Mghr Ailein: The Gaelic Poems of Fr Allan McDonald of Eriskay (1859-1905) '', bụ nke John Lorne Campbell bipụtara n'onwe ya na 1965. N'afọ 1966, onye ga-abụ ọkà mmụta akwụkwọ Gaelic n'ọdịnihu Ronald Black natara akpa jupụtara na akwụkwọ Gaelic site n'aka Dr. Campbell ma weta ha Eriskay maka ire ere n'ụgbọ mmiri si Ludag, South Uist. N'oge ahụ, Eriskay ka nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ naanị otu asụsụ Scottish Gaelic ndị maara MacDonald n'onwe ha. Black echetawo na akwụkwọ uri ahụ na "obere akụkọ ndụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke Nna Allan" nke Campbell, ha abụọ "ka a nọ na-ere dị ka achịcha dị ọkụ". Site n'ịgba ume nke [[Ferdi McDermott]] nke ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ Saint Austin, Ronald Black dezigharịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ agbasakwuru ma dị n'asụsụ abụọ nke amaokwu Gaelic nke ụkọchukwu ahụ, ma nke okpukpe ma nke ụwa, ebe Mungo Books bipụtara ya na 2002, nke bụ mgbe ahụ, ụdị ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ Saint Austin nke ndị Scotland nwe. Otú ọ dị, Ronald Black kwuru na ọtụtụ n'ime uri MacDonald ka a na-ebipụtaghị nke na mbipụta Mungo Books nwere ike ịdị ogologo okpukpu abụọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nsụgharị ọkammụta site na Ecclesiastical Latin gaa na Scottish Gaelic nke Compline service enwetara na Roman Breviary, nke John Lorne Campbell chọtara n'aka Canon William MacMaster na Fort William n'afọ 1950, ka na-ebipụtaghị. <ref>{{Cite book|editor=Black|year=2002|title=Eilein na h-Òige: The Poems of Fr. Allan MacDonald|publisher=Mungo Press}}</ref> E guzobere Comann Eachdraidh Eirisgeidh ("The Eriskay Historical Society") na 2010 ma, ka ọ na-erule 2021, ọ zụụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nke agwaetiti ahụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nke mechiri kemgbe 2013, iji gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ ebe ngosi ǹkà na Akụkọ ihe mere eme. Iji sọpụrụ Allan MacDonald na mkpa ọ dị na Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Scottish Gaelic, Comann Eachd养 Eirisgeidh eguzobewokwa "Maighstir Ailein's Poetry Trail", ụzọ njem nleta ebe ndị mara mma na-esonyere peeji ndị e dèrè n'asụsụ abụọ na igbe site na uri a ma ama nke onye ụkọchukwu na onye ode-uri ahụ, ''Eilein na h-Òige'' ("Isle of Youth"). <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20211129-the-scottish-isle-where-native-ponies-roam|title=The Scottish isle where native ponies roam] by Karen Gardiner|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=30 November 2021}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị O bipụtara == * E bipụtara ya n'amaghị aha ya (1889), LaoDS Caitliceach Tricky, Oban, bipụtara ya ọzọ na 1936. * E bipụtara ya n'amaghị aha ya (1893), Comi-Chru Nate de LaoDS Spioradail, Oban. O nwere ukwe Gaelic, dị ka ''Tàladh Chrìosda'', nke a chịkọtara site na ọdịnala a na-ekwu n'ọnụ, yana ukwe mbụ na nsụgharị akwụkwọ nke MacDonald.<ref name="Ronald Black 2002 Page 503"> * Nchịkọta site na Allan MacDonald (1958, 1972, 1991), Gaelic Words from South Uist and Eriskay - Edited, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. Mbipụta nke abụọ na mgbakwunye, nke Oxford University Press bipụtara. [CH2/1/13] * Edere ma depụtaghachi site na John Lorne Campbell (1965), Bàrdachd Mhgr Ailein: The Gaelic Poems of Fr Allan McDonald of Eriskay (1859-1905), T & A. Constable, Edinburgh. [CH2/1/13]<ref name="Ronald Black 2002 Page 503"> * ''Eilein na h-Òige; Abụ nke Fr. Allan MacDonald'', nke Ronald Black dezigharịrị, Mungo Books, Glasgow, 2002. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụrụ Gawa == === Akwụkwọ === * Edited by Ronald Black (2002), Eilein na h-Òige: The Poems of Fr. ''Allan MacDonald'', Mungo Press, Glasgow. * {{Cite book|title=Strange things: the story of Fr. Allan McDonald, Ada Goodrich Freer, and the Society for Psychical Research's enquiry into Highland second sight|first=John Lorne|author=Campbell|publisher=Birlinn|year=1968|isbn=1-84158-458-4}} * {{Cite book|title=The Strange Story of Ada Goodrich Freer|first=Trevor H.|author=Hall|year=1980|publisher=[[Gerald Duckworth and Company]]|isbn=0-7156-1427-4}} * {{Cite book|title=Father Allan : The Life and Legacy of a Hebridean Priest|first=Roger|author=Hutchinson|publisher=Birlinn|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84158-548-2}} * Amy Murray (1920), Father Allan's Island, Harcourt, Brace na Howe, New York. Site n'okwu mbido nke Padraic Colum. === Akwụkwọ akụkọ naanị kwa mgbe === * John Lorne Campbell, The Sources of the Gaelic Hymnal, 1893, The Innes Review, December 1956 Vol. VII, Nke 2, peeji nke 101-111.&nbsp; * Allan MacDonald, nke Ronald Black sụgharịrị, A Christmas Hymn: May the Trinity be Praised, St Austin Review (December 2001), peeji nke 2. * Jim Donohoe, ''Nnukwu Onye Nchụàjà nke Eriskay'', nke Ireland, (6 Septemba 2024). == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.scalan.co.uk/eriskay.htm Akụkọ ndụ John Lorne Campbell banyere Allan MacDonald] * Another Flower of Scotland, nke Joseph Pearce dere, sitere na usoro edemede "The Unsung Heroes of Christendom", Crisis Magazine, 1 June 2024. * [https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/track/93382?l=en Ajụjụ ọnụ Peigi MacRae gbara ya banyere MAIGHSTIR SEÒRAS AGUS MAIGHStIR AILEAN], (n'asụsụ Scottish Gaelic) {{Scottish Gaelic literature}} 6fpv2kjsies8fm8meedvimjp24xnehi 0 73794 692590 638916 2026-07-30T11:21:05Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692590 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Helen_Blackwood00.jpg|thumb|{{Center|Helen Selina Blackwood}}]] '''Helen Selina Blackwood, Baroness Dufferin na Claneboye''' (née '''Sheridan''', 18 Jenụwarị 1807 - 13 June 1867), mgbe e mesịrị Countess of Gifford, bụ onye Irish na-ede egwu, onye na-ede uri, na onye edemede. A na-enwe mmasị n'ihi ọgụgụ isi ya na nkà edemede ya, ọ bụ onye a ma ama na obodo London nke etiti narị afọ nke 19. == Oge ọ bụ nwata na alụmdi na nwunye == Helen Sheridan si n'ezinụlọ na-ede akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri nwere njikọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Nna ya, Thomas Sheridan (1775-1817), onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye agha na onye nchịkwa nke ọchịchị, bụ nwa nwoke nke onye edemede egwuregwu Irish a ma ama Richard Brinsley Sheridan, <ref>{{Cite news|title=By the Way|work=[[Freeman's Journal]]|page=8|date=16 January 1907|quote=Saturday will be the centenary of the birth of Helen Selina, Countess of Gifford, bettor known as Lady Dufferin, the authoress of several charming Anglo-Irish songs still in vogue. Born on January 18th, 1807, this gifted lady was the daughter of Thomas Sheridan, and grand-daughter of the celebrated Richard Brinsley Sheridan.}}</ref> nne ya bụ [[Caroline Norton|Caroline]]_Henrietta_Sheridan" id="mwIA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Caroline Henrietta Sheridan">Caroline Henrietta Sheridan (née Callander), onye edemede. N'afọ 1813, Thomas kpọọrọ Helen na nwunye ya gaa n'ọkwa na Cape of Good Hope, ebe ọ ''amụrụ'' afọ anọ ka e mesịrị na 12 Septemba 1817. Helen laghachiri England, ebe ya na nne ya, ụmụnne anọ na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ ya biri na Hampton Court Palace "amara na ihu ọma". Ịma mma na ihe ụmụnne nwanyị ahụ rụzuru mere ka a kpọọ ha "Graces atọ". A maara Caroline dị ka nwa agbọghọ kachasị nwee ọgụgụ isi ma mesịa ghọọ onye edemede nwere nkà, Georgian, nke a na-ewere dị ka nwanne nwanyị kachasị mma, mechara bụrụ Duchess of Somerset site n'alụmdi na nwunye Edward Seymour, Duke nke 12 nke Somerset. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, Helen kwere Commander Price Blackwood nkwa ọlụlụ, onye kasị nta n'ime ụmụ atọ nke 3rd Baron Dufferin na Claneboye, na Mehetabel Temple; n'ihi ọnwụ nke ụmụnne ya ọ ga-abụ Lord Dufferin n'ọdịnihu, ọ bụ ezie na ndị mụrụ ya chọrọ ka ọ lụọ di n'ụzọ bara uru karị, karịsịa dabere na ihe gbasara ego. Mgbe agbamakwụkwọ ha na London na St. George's, Hanover Square, London, na 4 Julaị 1825, ha gara biri na Florence n'ihi mmegide nke alụmdi na nwunye site n'aka ezinụlọ Blackwood, mana ha laghachiri afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị na nwa nwa nwoke Frederick, onye amụrụ na 21 June 1826. Ụmụnne ya nwanyị mere ka ọ mata ndị na-ewu ewu ebe ya na ndị ama ama n'oge ahụ, Mary Berry, Samuel Rogers, [[Henry Taylor (onye na-eme ihe nkiri)|Henry Taylor]], Brougham, Sydney Smith, na Benjamin Disraeli; Disraeli mechara kwuo na ọ bụ "onye isi na-enwe mmasị na ya". N'afọ 1839, ọ ghọrọ Lady Dufferin mgbe di ya ketara aha ya. Ọ nwụrụ na 1841 n'ihi oke ọgwụ morphine na mberede; Helen gara n'ihu na-anọ n'oge ọkọchị ya na ala ezinụlọ ya na Clandeboye na Ireland, nke bụzi nke Frederick. N'ọnwa Ọktoba 1862, ọ kwetara ịlụ enyi ya George Hay, Earl of Gifford site na ikike pụrụ iche, mgbe o merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu n'ihe mberede. Hay, onye bụ onye nketa nke Marquessate nke Tweeddale, nwụrụ site na mmerụ ahụ ya ọnwa abụọ mgbe ha lụsịrị. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Venn|first=John|title=Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108036139|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Abx6EqTRfqEC&pg=PA44|accessdate=16 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> == Ide ihe == Malite mgbe ọ dị obere, Helen dere uri, abụ na okwu mmalite maka egwuregwu nke ya. Mgbe ya na Caroline jikọrọ aka na Set of Ten Songs and Two Duets, ọ malitere ibipụta uri nke ya, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-etinye ya na egwu nke ya. E bipụtaghị ya na mbụ n'aha nke ya, mana ọ bụghị onye a ma ama. Otu n'ime egwu ya kacha ewu ewu bụ The Irish Emigrant, nke e bipụtara na New York na Boston na London. N'akwụkwọ a na ndị ọzọ e dere n'oge Oké Ụnwụ Irish [1] o gosipụtara nghọta ụfọdụ banyere "mmetụta ọjọọ nke ụnwụ nri ahụ na ịhụnanya na ezinụlọ" n'agbanyeghị "anya", [2] ọ bụ ezie na otu onye nkatọ ekwuola na nhụjuanya nke ndị Irish bụ naanị "ihe ngosi" na "ihe ngosi maka ndị otu etiti Bekee". [3] Alfred Perceval Graves, na-ede ihe na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, nwere ịnụ ọkụ n'obi: "...obi ya dị ọkụ nke ukwuu na ndị agbata obi ya na-akọ ugbo nke na... o dere dị ka a ga-asị na ọ bụ otu n'ime ha, ebe ọchị ya na-efegharị n'abụ uri Irish ya na ikuku dị nro." [4] .N'afọ 1863, e mere egwuregwu nke ya, n'otu afọ ahụkwa, o bipụtara akụkọ banyere njem ya na nwa ya nwoke gafere osimiri Naịl. Nke a mere ka ndị njem nwanyị nwee obi ụtọ ide ihe; aha ya bụ Lispings sitere na Low Latitudes, ma ọ bụ, Ihe ndị sitere na Journal of the Hon. Impulsia Gushington yiri akwụkwọ Frederick bụ Letters From High Latitudes. Ebumnuche nke egwuregwu ahụ bụ ịkwa emo akwụkwọ njem, karịsịa nke ụmụ nwanyị, n'oge ahụ. Egwuregwu ya, Finesse, ma ọ bụ, A Busy Day in Messina, nke e mepụtara na Haymarket Theatre na John Baldwin Buckstone dịka otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, gara nke ọma, mana onye edemede ahụ agaghị na ihe ngosi ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ kwado onye dere ya. Uri Dufferin, nke a na-etinyekarị n'egwú n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ, na-egosipụta nchegbu dị mkpa a na-achọpụta n'oge mmalite na etiti nke akwụkwọ Victorian: nkatọ na-akpasu iwe nke klaasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ihe na-elekwasị anya na ịda ogbenye na ọpụpụ Ireland, na enweghị olileanya maka mfu na nkewa. Ọ bụ ezie na Dufferin ji amamihe dị ukwuu dee ihe o dere n'oge na mgbe e mesịrị (karịsịa n'ihe ọchị mmekọrịta ya), egwu na uri ndị e dere n'etiti ndụ ya na-egosipụta mmetụta uche na mwute dị ukwuu. N'ihe gbasara edemede ya, Westminster Review nyere ezigbo nkọwa nke nkà edemede ya na ọrụ ndị nwere mmetụta uche. "N'ime abụ na amaokwu ndị a chịkọtara n'ime mpịakọta ahụ, a ghaghị ikwupụta na ole na ole n'ime ha na-arịgo n'elu ndị a na-akwanyere ùgwù. "The Irish Emigrant" bụ abụ ya kachasị mma, ọ juputara n'ezi mmetụta. "Sweet Kilkenny Town" bụ Irish nke ukwuu, ọ nwere ike ịbụ abụ site na Erin nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike maka ịdị adị na nnukwu Republic of the West. N'akụkụ ya, anyị hụrụ ụda nke Moore, mana ọ na-egosi na ọdịdị ya dị mma, ọ bụghị ndị ọzọ ọmịiko nke ọdịdị ya, ọ bụ ihe oyiyi dị mma. Ọ bụ ihe ọmụma ya. Ọ na-enweghị isi na-enweghị ike dị mma. "Ọ bụ ihe ziri ezi na ụwa kwesịrị ịma ihe banyere otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị kachasị mma nke na-eku ume, n'ihi nke a, akụkọ ndụ Lord Dufferin na amaokwu ndị na-eso ya ga-abụ ihe dị oké ọnụ ahịa n'ọtụtụ ụlọ". N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-ewu ewu na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ọrụ Dufferin na-ekpuchi ugbu a, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ site na nkatọ a na-elekwasị anya ugbu a na nwanne ya nwanyị, Caroline Norton. Ọ nwụrụ na ọrịa kansa ara na 13 June 1867, mgbe ọ dị afọ 60, na Dufferin Lodge na Highgate ma lie ya na Friern Barnet na di ya nke abụọ. Nwa ya nwoke Frederick, onye ya na nne ya nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya na ịhụnanya, bipụtara mpịakọta nke Songs, Poems, & Verses by Helen, Lady Dufferin na akwụkwọ ncheta na 1894. N'oge gara aga, ọ kpọrọ obodo ahụ na ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè e wuru n'ala ya Helen's Bay, ọ raara Ụlọ Elu Helen na Clandeboye Estate nye ya. Ụlọ elu ahụ kpaliri uri nke Tennyson na Browning bụ ndị jiri Helen a tụnyere Helen mara mma nke Troy nke akụkọ ifo:<blockquote>Dị ka nke ya, ihu gị mere ka anya niile gbasaa, Ma, n'adịghị ka nke ya، a gọziri ya anya ọ bụla.</blockquote> == Abụ ndị dị n'ịntanetị == * ''[[wikisource:Lament of the Irish Emigrant|Ịkwa arịrịọ nke Onye Irish ahụ kwagara mba ọzọ]]'' * Terence's Farewell E debere ya na Wayback Machine * Ịhụnanya nwere asụsụ, site na Nwa m E debere Wayback Machine * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061013043423/http://www.love-poem.co.uk/page8.htm ''Nwanyị Na-adọrọ Adọrọ Adọrọ''] == Edensibia == === Ihe edeturu === {{Reflist}} === Ebe e si nweta ya === * Alfred Perceval Graves, Anglo-Irish Literature, na mpịakọta. XIV nke The Cambridge History of English and American Literature (New York 1907-21) * Gregory A. Schirmer, Out of What Began: A History of Irish Poetry in English (Cornell 1998) * ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' isiokwu banyere Helen Selina Hay, Caroline Henrietta Sheridan, na Thomas Sheridan, nke A. Norman Jeffares, K. D. Reynolds (2004 mbipụta) na W. F. Rae (1897) * Westminster Review, Mpịakọta 142, (New York, Leonard Scott Publication Company, 1894) == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==    * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060622184816/http://www.nls.uk/broadsides/broadside.cfm/id/14889 Akwụkwọ akụkọ na-ese onyinyo na narị afọ nke 19 nke The Irish Emigrant na nkọwa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060922070722/http://www.hebeonline.com/files/freepart/a10001/a10040.pdf ''Ha gwara m ka m chefuo gị!'' : egwu Helen, okwu nwanne ya nwanyị Caroline] * [http://www.sonnets.org/browninr.htm#300 ''Ụlọ Elu Helen'' nke Browning sere] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080129223057/http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/T/TennysonAlfred/verse/tiresias/helenstower.html ''Ụlọ Elu Helen'' nke Tennyson sere] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070205014608/http://www.proni.gov.uk/records/private/dufferin.htm#helen Helen's Bay, Helen's Tower na akwụkwọ Lord Dufferin] * Grace and Favour apartments at Hampton Court Archived 10 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine * [http://www.wix.com/mrose12/helenselina Wix.com]  * [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/25366?docPos=3 Oxnbfordd.com] * {{Cite book|author=Hamilton|first=C. J.|title=Notable Irishwomen|date=1900|publisher=Sealy, Bryers & Walker|location=Dublin|pages=142–153|chapter=[[s:Notable Irishwomen/Lady Dufferin|Lady Dufferin]]}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Works by or about Helen Blackwood, Baroness Dufferin and ClaneboyenaEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet * Works by Helen Blackwood, Baroness Dufferin and ClaneboyenaLibriVox (Akwụkwọ ndị a na-ege ntị n'ógbè ọha na eze) *   [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] flshzttm7uwr4jowpcf21k8ur8ran7g 0 73800 692340 687134 2026-07-29T19:55:42Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692340 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Aisja Hakimsan (cropped).jpg|thumb|Aisja Hakimsan ]]   '''Aisa Hakimcan''' /ɑjˈsɑ hɑkimˈd͡ʒan/ (Tatar:__hau____hau____hau__ Haakimҗан, r Xəkimcan, Tatar pronunciation: [ʁɑj'sæ χækimˈńɑn] i[[b] 13 Maachị 1896 – 5 Nọvemba 1972) bụ onye omenkà Tatar na onye mbipụta n'etiti obodo Tatar nke Tampere, Finland. A maara ya dị ka onye omenala mba, onye duziri egwuregwu, dere uri ma duzie nzukọ Tarawih. Na 1970, o sonyere na ogbako maka ncheta afọ 50 nke Tatarstan na Kazan. Nwa ya nwoke bụ Räshid Hakimsan (Reşid Hakimcan; 1934–1997) bụ onye egwuregwu hockey na onye ọkaikpe. == Akụkọ ndụ == [[Faịlụ:Sadri_Maksudi_Finland.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Aisa Hakimcan (n'azụ, nke abụọ site n'aka ekpe) na ndị Tampere Tatars ibe ya na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Idel-Ural Sadri Maksudi (nọdụ ala n'etiti), afọ 1920.]] A mụrụ ya dị ka nwa Khakimzhan Mukhametaminov na Maryam Alyautdinova na Nizhny Novgorod Governorate Mishar obodo ''Aktuk'', Aisa Hakimcan (Aisya Khakimvhanov) bịara Finland na 1917.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|author=Leitzinger|first=Antero|title=Mishäärit - Suomen vanha islamilainen yhteisö|publisher=Kirja-Leitzinger|year=1996|isbn=952-9752-08-3|location=Helsinki|pages=45}}</ref> Dị ka ọtụtụ Ndị Tatar ndị ọzọ nke ọgbọ ya, Hakimcan na-ebi ndụ dị ka onye ahịa, mana n'etiti obodo Tatar nke Tampere, a maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye ndú siri ike na onye na-ese ihe. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> [[Faịlụ:Aliyebanu_1946.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|250x250px|"Aliye banu" (Ğaliyəbanu), nke Xəkimcan duziri (azụ, nke abụọ site n'aka ekpe), nke ndị Tampere Tatars mere na Helsinki, afọ 1946. Nwa nwanyị Aliyə na-arụ ọrụ.]] Hakimcan sonyere na ntọala nke ọgbakọ ndị Alakụba dị n'ógbè ahụ, ma mesịa rụọ ọrụ na bọọdụ ahụ. Obere oge tupu nke a, e guzobere onye bu ọgbakọ dị mkpirikpi ma Hakimcan nọ n'ọnọdụ ndu nke ọrụ ahụ. Hakimcan bụkwa onyeisi oche nke The Tampere Turkish Society na ngwụcha afọ 1940, na osote onyeisi oche ọtụtụ ugboro.<ref name=":0" /> Na mbido afọ 1920, Hakimcan bụ otu n'ime ndị Alakụba nọ na Tampere, bụ ndị bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Imam nke Helsinki, na-agba ya ume ịmalite ọrụ nke iguzobe ọgbakọ Tatar.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Suikkanen|first=Mikko|title=Yksityinen Susi - Zinetullah Ahsen Bören (1886-1945) eletty ja koettu elämä|url=https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/83306}}</ref> [[File:Aisa_Hakimcan,_Batyr_yeget.flac|thumb|200x200px|Nkọwa olu nke Aisa Hakimcan (1952).]] N'etiti obodo ahụ, a maara Hakimcan dị ka onye na-agụ egwú. Ọ bụrụ abụ, kpọọ violin, mandolin ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi ukwe. Hakimcan dekwara uri ma duzie ihe nkiri aha ya bụ ''Aliyebanu'' (Ğaliyəbanu) na ''Asılyar,'' nke Mirkhaydar Fayzi dere.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Файзи (Файзуллин) Мирхайдар Мустафович|url=https://tatarica.org/ru/razdely/kultura/literatura/personalii/fajzi-fajzullin-mirhajdar-mustafovich}}</ref> O mekwara onwe ya; dịka ọmụmaatụ na 1930s, mgbe egosiri egwuregwu ''Zöleyha'' (Zöləyxa) na Tampere Theatre, iji sọpụrụ onye ọbịa Ayaz İshaki onye a sịrị na ọ nwere obi ụtọ na arụmọrụ na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri "ahọrọ nke ọma".[2] bụ otu n'ime ndị ndu na GibGibadulla Murtasin na Turkestan bụ onye nduzi. [3], nwa nwanyị Aisa, yana ụmụ nwanne ya nwoke; Zinnetulla, Semiulla, Hamdurrahman na Hafize, niile sonyere n'egwuregwu ya. A maara ha dị ka ezinụlọ nwere nkà n'etiti ndị Tatar.[4] Hakimcan duziri nzukọ Tarawih nke obodo ya n'oge Ramadan ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, na-agụghachi ukwe "Elveda" (Əlwidağ) na "İlahi". [<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Baibulat|first=Muazzez|title=The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)|publisher=Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy|year=2004|isbn=952-91-6753-9|location=Jyväskylä|pages=146}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaibulat2004">Baibulat, Muazzez (2004). ''The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)''. Jyväskylä: Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy. p.&nbsp;146. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/952-91-6753-9|<bdi>952-91-6753-9</bdi>]].</cite></ref>[2] Abụ uri ya bụ nke mba ma na-ekwukarị banyere mmetụta nke agụụ maka ebe a mụrụ ya. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị nkenke, o kwupụtara mmetụta ya na peeji mmeghe nke akwụkwọ ya nwere akụkụ atọ, Milli şiğer wə cırlar (ميللى شيعر وه ماسلار; "Abụ na abụ mba", 1956-1966), dị ka ndị a:   Mbipụta ahụ nwere ọrụ nke obodo ahụ, nke Hakimcan chịkọtara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Baibulat|first=Muazzez|title=The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)|publisher=Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy|year=2004|isbn=952-91-6753-9|location=Jyväskylä|pages=146}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaibulat2004">Baibulat, Muazzez (2004). ''The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)''. Jyväskylä: Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy. p.&nbsp;146. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/952-91-6753-9|<bdi>952-91-6753-9</bdi>]].</cite></ref><ref name=":2" /> N'afọ 1935, Hakimcan dere na ọ chọrọ ịlaghachi n'ala nna ya na "ụmụ jupụtara n'okwukwe", na-ejedebe ederede ahụ na İnnə__ilo____ilo____ilo__ -__ - İ''İnnə fast-dinə ğinda allahi'' - islam ("N'ezie, okpukpe dị n'anya Allah bụ Islam"; 3:13:19 Ọ kpọrọ ndị ya "Turkish-Tatars" (Törek-tatar overı). [3] Hakimcan bipụta ma bipụta egwu na abụ ya na ezigbo enyi ya, imam Habiburrahman Shakir. N'afọ 1960, ha bipụtara akwụkwọ nta maka nsọpụrụ onye na-ede uri Ğabdulla Tuqay. Ya na onye ọchụnta ego bụ́ Semiulla Wafin, o bipụtara otu akwụkwọ okpukpe a na-akpọ İslam dine xaq dinder (ايسلام دينى خاق ديندر).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Baibulat|first=Muazzez|title=The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)|publisher=Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy|year=2004|isbn=952-91-6753-9|location=Jyväskylä|pages=146}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaibulat2004">Baibulat, Muazzez (2004). ''The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)''. Jyväskylä: Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy. p.&nbsp;146. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/952-91-6753-9|<bdi>952-91-6753-9</bdi>]].</cite></ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Halen|first=Harry|title=Lahjan Hedelmät (in a book: Tugan Tel - Kirjoituksia Suomen Tataareista, reporter: Kadriye Bedretdin, 2011)|publisher=Suomen Itämainen Seura|year=1996|isbn=978-951-9380-78-0|location=Helsinki|pages=341}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHalen1996">Halen, Harry (1996). ''Lahjan Hedelmät (in a book: Tugan Tel - Kirjoituksia Suomen Tataareista, reporter: Kadriye Bedretdin, 2011)''. Helsinki: Suomen Itämainen Seura. p.&nbsp;341. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-951-9380-78-0|<bdi>978-951-9380-78-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abdulla Tukay {{!}} Kansalliskirjasto|url=https://finna.fi/Record/fikka.4274716|work=Finna.fi}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Aysə_Həkimcan,_Röstəm_Yəhin.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Ğəysə Xəkimcan, Röstəm Yaxin (Kazan 1970).]] N'afọ 1938, e mere emume ncheta afọ 20 maka Idel Ural State na Warsaw, nke onye Tatar na-eme ihe ike bụ Ayaz Ishaki haziri. Hakimcan bụ otu n'ime ndị Tatar asaa nke Finland sonyere na ememe ahụ. N'ịbụ ndị onye Imam Tatar nke Poland bụ [[Ali Woronovicz]] duziri, ha gara n'ili nke onye agha a na-amaghị ama iji sọpụrụ ndị Alakụba ibe ha nwụrụ anwụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Baibulat|first=Muazzez|title=The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the roots and history|publisher=Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy|year=2004|isbn=952-91-6753-9|location=Jyväskylä|pages=114}}</ref> Na June 1970, onye ọrụ ọdịbendị Tatar nke Finland bụ Ymär Daher kpọrọ Hakimcan ka ọ bịa Kazan, Tatarstan (TASSR), dịka akụkụ nke nnọkọ ncheta afọ 50 nke Tatarstan. N'ebe ahụ, ha gara "G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences", ebe a nabatara ha n'ụzọ iwu. Onye na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala Ilbaris Nadirov, onye kụziri ihe na Tampere, nọkwa ebe ahụ. N'oge njem ahụ, Hakimcan gara n'ili onye na-ede uri Tuqay iji gosi nkwanye ùgwù ya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Baibulat|first=Muazzez|title=The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)|publisher=Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy|year=2004|isbn=952-91-6753-9|location=Jyväskylä|pages=146}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaibulat2004">Baibulat, Muazzez (2004). ''The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)''. Jyväskylä: Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy. p.&nbsp;146. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/952-91-6753-9|<bdi>952-91-6753-9</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Magazin "Sotsialistik Tatarstan" (Sociалистик Татарстан) bipụtara uri nke Hakimcan ma gbaa ya ajụjụ ọnụ n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi. N'akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 1993 bụ Çit il__wol____wol____wol__ Tatar, Kazan Tatar literary scientist X артиyp Miñnegulov, onye gụrụ ndị edemede Tatar na mba ofesi, kwuru banyere ndị Tatar Finland ole na ole; Xəsən Xəmidulla, Sadri Xəmit, Gəwhər Tuğanay, na Ğaysə Xəkimcan. == Abụ == '''Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'amaghị ama ka a na-akpọ Yañapar'''   N'abụ uri ya "Obodo m Yañapar" (Aktuk), Hakimcan chọsiri ike maka ebe a mụrụ ya ma chọọ ịlaghachi. E tinyere uri a na akwụkwọ Finnish Tatar nke Sadri Hamid, nke akpọrọ Ak yul, na 1968. == Ụdị aha == * Aisja Hakimsanoff (site na Russian Айся Хакимжанов, ''Aisya Khakimzhanov''); Hakimdshan / Hakimsan * Aisa Hakimcan (Standard Tatar) (N'Asụsụ Mishar, a naghị akpọ ya ğ / غ / г) * Ọchịchị a na-akpọ "İsIke imlâ N'ihe odide ndị Russia nke oge a, a na-asụpụta aha nna ahụ bụ Хакимджан (''Khakimdzhan''), nke yiri nke Mishar affricate pronunciation [d͡ʒ]. Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latin c na-anọchite anya otu ụda ahụ n'asụsụ a nyere. Aha e nyere sitere na Arabic ''ʿĪsā'', nke pụtara "Jizọs". Aha nna sitere na Arabic ''Ḥakīm'' ("amamihe") na Persian ''jân'' ("mkpụrụ obi"). aha nna ''-ov'' na-anọchite anya aha nna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Baibulat|first=Muazzez|title=The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)|publisher=Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy|year=2004|isbn=952-91-6753-9|location=Jyväskylä|pages=146}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaibulat2004">Baibulat, Muazzez (2004). ''The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)''. Jyväskylä: Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy. p.&nbsp;146. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/952-91-6753-9|<bdi>952-91-6753-9</bdi>]].</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Halen|first=Harry|title=Lahjan hedelmät (in a book called Tugan Tel: Kirjoituksia Suomen Tataareista, reporter: Kadriye Bedretdin, 2011)|publisher=Suomen Itämainen Seura|year=1996|isbn=978-951-9380-78-0|pages=346}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=01.12.1935 Tampereen osoitekalenteri No. 1936|url=https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/aikakausi/binding/1262798?term=Hakimsanoff&page=174}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ТАТАР ИР-АТ ИСЕМНӘРЕ (ТАТАРСКИЕ МУЖСКИЕ ИМЕНА В АЛФАВИТНОМ ПОРЯДКЕ)|url=https://magarif-uku.ru/tatar-isemnere/ir-at/|accessdate=2022-05-26|archivedate=2022-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027192517/https://magarif-uku.ru/tatar-isemnere/ir-at/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kamal|first=Kärim|date=2006|title=Könbatış xristiannarı Pasxanı bilgeli, yaña Papa üzeneñ berençe "Urbi et Orbi" yullamasın yasadı|url=https://www.azatliq.org/a/739053.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TATAR: Table of Correspondences, Cyrillic - Roman|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/320279/Tatar_Romanization.pdf|accessdate=2022-12-13|archivedate=2014-11-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141123004427/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/320279/Tatar_Romanization.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Хакимзян|url=https://statusname.ru/names/ru/male/khakimzyan/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Revizskaya skazka 1858 Aktukovo|url=https://docs.yandex.ru/docs/view?url=ya-disk-public%3A%2F%2F5kr%2FgU%2Fn%2BUnVhD9s%2FoE1C33%2Bu99wAUApRBqT5GcUV8MusGQ0i6rJNtekUTppj439q%2FJ6bpmRyOJonT3VoXnDag%3D%3D%3A%2F%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%20(%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA)%2F%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%2F1858%20%D0%B3.%2010-%D1%8F%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%20%D0%A6%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%9E%2060-233-1886%20%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A2%D0%A3%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9E%2F10_revizskaya_skazka_1858_Aktukovo_Final.xlsx&name=10_revizskaya_skazka_1858_Aktukovo_Final.xlsx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tatar language alphabet"|url=https://www.marefa.org/w/images/9/95/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_1778.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ilya, Karl, Nurlan|first=Yevlampiev, Pentzlin, Joomagueldinov|date=2011|title=Revised Proposal to encode Arabic characters used for Bashkir, Belarusian, Crimean Tatar, and Tatar languages|url=https://unicode.org/L2/L2011/11209-n4072-arabic.pdf}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == [[Faịlụ:Meryam_Alautdin.jpg|thumb|265x265px|Meryam Alautdin (Marьям Аляутдинова, 1863-1947).]] Aisa lụrụ otu nwanyị si mba Finland si Nokia, aha ya bụ Sylvia "Särvi" (سروى, Sərwi; 1904–1965). Ọ ghọrọ onye Alakụba ma soro di ya na-akpakọrịta nke ọma n'etiti ndị Tatar. Ha mụrụ ụmụ abụọ; ada Aliye, onye bụ onye na-abụ abụ ma na-eme ihe nkiri nwere nkà n'asụsụ Tatar, na nwa nwoke, onye na-egwu egwuregwu hockey-onye na-ekpe ikpe Räshid. . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Baibulat|first=Muazzez|title=The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)|publisher=Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy|year=2004|isbn=952-91-6753-9|location=Jyväskylä|pages=179 & 254}}</ref> Ụmụnne nwoke ndị okenye nke Aisa, Ibrahim na Siddik, yana nne ya, nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke onye ọrụ ugbo, Merjam Alautdinoff (Maryam Alyautdinova; 1863-1947) bikwa na Finland. Onye ọchụnta ego Ymär Sali bụ nwanne nna Aisa. Nwanna Hasan Hakimsanoff biri na Finland naanị obere oge na mbido afọ 1900. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hasan Hakimsanoff|url=https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/aikakausi/binding/1161828?term=Hakimsanoff&term=Hasan&page=121}}</ref> == Ihe edeturu == == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dz4a7fp6rf3wi3mbdtkwm7qs7e9xwcg 0 73852 692308 598354 2026-07-29T19:00:24Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692308 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asthana Kolahalam''' bụ aha akwụkwọ [[Tamil language|Tamil]] abụọ dị iche iche na-ekwu maka [[Ọmúmú-ónúọgụgụ|mgbakọ na mwepụ]] elementrị mana ha nwere ọdịnaya dị iche iche. Otu n'ime ha ka Government Oriental Manuscripts Library (GOML), Madras (nke bụzi Chennai) bipụtara na 1951 na peeji 167 na nke ọzọ nke Saraswathi Mahal Library (SML), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, bipụtara na 2004 na peeji 306. Akwụkwọ abụọ a dabeere na ihe odide nkwụ ochie nwere otu aha e dere n'ụdị amaokwu ma ha abụọ nwere nkọwa na ihe atụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Thirumali Sree Saila Sarma|title=Asthana Kolahalam|date=1951|publisher=Govt Oriental Manuscript Library|location=Madras|url=https://archive.org/details/asthanakolahalamtsamhitassarmatamil1951tamil_166_Y/page/n1/mode/2up|accessdate=5 July 2024|ref=Govt}}</ref><ref name="Mahal">{{Cite book|author=K. Sthyabhama|title=Asthana Kolakalam|date=2004|publisher=Sarasvathi Mahal Library|location=Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZM3kZpy.TVA_BOK_0008390/mode/2up?view=theater|accessdate=5 July 2024}}</ref> Enwere ike ịsụgharị aha "Asthana Kolahalam" n'ụzọ nkịtị dị ka "ọnụ ụlọ nzukọ (ebe ndị na-ege ntị n'obí eze) mkpọtụ" na okwu "mgbaasị" na-atụ aro ime ka ndị na-ekiri nwee obi ụtọ, obi ụtọ na obi ụtọ. == "Asthana Kolahalam" nke GOML == [[Faịlụ:GOML_Asthana_Kolahala_Extract_from_page_55.jpg|thumb|375x375px|Ihe si na peeji nke 55 nke "Asthana Kolahalam" nke GOML na-egosi uru Saṅgamagrāma Mādhava nke pi]] Akwụkwọ GOML "Asthana Kolahalam" dabeere na otu akwụkwọ nkwụ e nyere GOML na 1921 site n'aka otu Sankaravenkataramayyangar nke Periyakulam. Ọrụ ahụ nwere ahịrịokwu 57 nke mita dị iche iche gụnyere ahịrịokwu ịkpọku. Akụkụ ndị a na-akọwapụta iwu maka ịrụ ọrụ arithmetic elementary. Otu ihe na-adọrọ mmasị n'ọrụ a bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ahụ ka e tinyere n'ịkọwa isiokwu dị na mgbakọ na mwepụ nke na-adịghị na stanza dị iche iche nke akwụkwọ edemede mbụ ahụ. Mgbe o dechara nkọwa nke stanza 46 na peeji nke 52, onye nchịkọta akụkọ ahụ malitere nnukwu ntụgharị nke isiokwu dị iche iche na mgbakọ na mwepụ wee laghachi na stanza 47 naanị na peeji nke 140. Ihe dị mkpa maka ntụgharị a bụ uru nke pi mgbakọ na mwepụ na-adịgide adịgide. Isiokwu ndị a kpuchiri na ntụgharị a gụnyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mgbakọ na mwepụ nke uru pi (n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, o kwuru maka uru Sangamagrama Madhava nke pi, ya bụ uru 2827433388233/(9 x 1011)), ọrụ trigonometric dị iche iche, usoro maka mpaghara okirikiri, usoro maka mpaghara elu na olu nke cones, cylinders, wdg., usoro maka gburugburu na mpaghara nke ellipses, ozizi Pythagorean na ọtụtụ nsogbu geometric metụtara ya.<ref name="Senthil">{{Cite book|author=Senthil Babu|title=Science and the Tamil Society: Issues for consideration|date=2006|publisher=French Institute of Pondicherry|pages=321–336|url=https://www.academia.edu/7604889/Science_and_Tamil_Society_Issues_for_Consideration|accessdate=28 June 2024}} (Chapter in "Negotiating with the Past: Classical Tamil in Contemporary Tamil" edited by M. Kannan and Carlos Mena)</ref> == SML "Asthana Kolahalam" == "Asthana Kolahalam" nke SML bụ akwụkwọ e si n'akwụkwọ nta atọ dị iche iche nke e debere na SML chịkọta, ha niile nwere otu aha. E nwere amaokwu iri itoolu na abụọ n'ọrụ ahụ. Dịka otu n'ime amaokwu ndị dị n'akwụkwọ ahụ si kwuo, onye dere akwụkwọ a bụ Naviliperumal, nwa Nagan. A chọpụtabeghị ụbọchị e dere akwụkwọ nta ndị ahụ. Akwụkwọ a nwere nkọwa zuru ezu banyere amaokwu dị iche iche nke K. Sathyabhama dere. == Hụkwa == * Kanakkusaram * Kaṇita Tīpikai * Kaṇakkatikāram == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 54kkozal1x92x88vujylgkk02mk50vz 0 73859 692337 598365 2026-07-29T19:52:03Z Chigozirim2005 19722 692337 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ainkurunuru''' (Tamil: ஐங்குறுநூறு, Aiṅkuṟunūṟu meaning ''five hundred short poems''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Poets of the Tamil Anthologies: Ancient Poems of Love and War|author=Hart|first=George L.|year=1979}}</ref>) is a classical Tamil poetic work and traditionally the third of the Eight Anthologies (''Ettuthokai'') in the Sangam literature.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=50-51}} It is divided into five groups of 100 short stanzas of 3 to 6 lines, each hundred subdivided into 10s, or ''pattu''. The five groups are based on ''tinai'' (landscapes): riverine, sea coast, mountain, arid and pastoral.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=50-51}}<ref name="selby2"> According to Martha Selby, the love poems in ''Ainkurunuru'' are generally dated from about the late-2nd-to-3rd-century-CE (Sangam period). According to Takanobu Takahashi – a Tamil literature scholar, these poems were likely composed between 300 and 350 CE based on the linguistic evidence, while Kamil Zvelebil – another Tamil literature scholar – suggests the Ainkurunuru poems were composed by 210 CE,<ref name="selby2"> with some of the poems dated to 100 BCE.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Zvelebil|first=Kamil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=degUAAAAIAAJ&q=info:3mNeiVqlnhoJ:scholar.google.com/&pg=PR9|title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India|date=1973|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-03591-1|language=en}}</ref> .<ref name="Wilden2014p12" /> Ndị edemede ise dere uri ndị dị n'akwụkwọ a ma [[Kudalur Kilar]] chịkọtara ha na iwu nke Chera King Yanaikkatcey Mantaran Ceral Irumporai. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ụdị na ọdịnaya == Akwụkwọ a na-abịa n'okpuru ''Akam'' (ịhụnanya na mmetụta uche) nke akwụkwọ Sangam. <ref name="Wilden2014p12">{{Cite book|author=Eva Maria Wilden|title=Manuscript, Print and Memory: Relics of the Cankam in Tamilnadu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuPmBQAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-035276-4|pages=12 with footnote 26}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEva_Maria_Wilden2014">Eva Maria Wilden (2014). [https://books.google.com/books?id=KuPmBQAAQBAJ ''Manuscript, Print and Memory: Relics of the Cankam in Tamilnadu'']. Walter de Gruyter. pp.&nbsp;12 with footnote 26. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-3-11-035276-4|<bdi>978-3-11-035276-4</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Abụ dị n'akwụkwọ akụkọ a dị na mita Akaval. Abụ ndị a na-akọwa akụkụ dị iche iche nke mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị dị n'etiti dike na dike nwanyị. E debere uri ndị ahụ n'ọtụtụ ala (Tinai - திணை).{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=50-51}} A na-ekewa uri ọ bụla ma hazie ya na pattu ma ọ bụ iri, ụdị a na-ahụ n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ Tamil dị ka ''Tirukkural'', uri mmegharị Bhakti na ebe ndị ọzọ. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ, dị ka Zvelebil si kwuo, akwụkwọ Sanskrit (ụdị ''sataka'') nwere mmetụta na ọrụ a. Ainkurunuru#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamil_Zvelebil197350-51_with_footnote_1-6" id="mwVg">{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=50-51 with footnote 1}} Otú ọ dị, uri ahụ na-egosi ''ụkwụ'' ole na ole e si na Sanskrit nweta.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=50-51 with footnote 1}} Ainkurunuru na-ezo aka na ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme iri na asaa ma na-enye ụfọdụ windo n'ime ọha mmadụ Tamil mbụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-ekwu maka ''kutumi'', ma ọ bụ "ụgbọ mmiri nke ụmụ nwoke Brahmin". {{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=50-51 with footnote 1}} == Akụkụ na ndị edemede == Ndị edemede dị iche iche kewara ọrụ ahụ ụzọ ise: # ''Marutam'' - 100 uri banyere esemokwu ekworo, nke Ōrampōkiyār dere # ''Neytal'' - 100 uri banyere ịkwa ákwá maka enweghị onye ọ hụrụ n'anya, nke Ammuvaṉār dere # ''Kuṟiñci'' - 100 uri banyere njikọ nke ndị na-ahụ n'anya, nke Kapilar dere # ''Pālai'' - 100 uri banyere nkewa, nke Otalānraiyār dere # ''Mullai'' - 100 uri banyere onye ọrịa na-echere nloghachi nke onye ọ hụrụ n'anya, site na Pēyaṉār Ọ bụ Perunthevanaar dere abụ arịrịọ ahụ na mmalite nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, onye sụgharịrị Mahabharatham n'asụsụ Tamil. [8] == Mbipụta na nkọwa == U. V. Swaminatha Aiyar bipụtara ederede a, tinyere nkọwa zuru ezu. E bipụtara obere nkọwa gbasara akwụkwọ akụkọ Ainkurunuru n'oge ochie n'enweghị aha onye ọ bụla.[2] == Ihe Nlereanya == : '''Abụ 255:''' Nke mbụ : N'ihi ya, n'afọ ndị ọzọ : N'ihi ya, n'ihi ya. : N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị n'ihu : N'ihi ya, ọ na-eme n'oge na-adịghị anya. Nkọwapụta: : Kuṉṟak kuṟavaṉ kātal maṭamakaḷ : Varaiyara makaḷirp puraiyuñ cāyalaḷ : N'oge na-adịghị anya, a na-eme ya : Ceyya vāyiṉaḷ Marpiṉaḷ cuṇaṅkē Nsụgharị: : Nwa agbọghọ ahụ hụrụ n'anya : nke onye ugwu : mara mma dị ka : dị ka chi nwanyị ugwu. : Ọ mara mma : na ara ya na-eto eto, : egbugbere ọnụ ya na-acha ọbara ọbara, : na obi ya nwere ntụpọ. == Hụkwa == * Akwụkwọ edemede asatọ * Ihe odide Iri na asatọ Ukwu * Akwụkwọ Sangam == Ihe edeturu == {{Reflist}} == Edensibia == * Mudaliyar, Singaravelu A., Apithana Cintamani, An encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature, (1931) - E bipụtara ya na Asian Educational Services, New Delhi (1983) * {{Cite book|author=Kamil Zvelebil|title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=degUAAAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-03591-5}} * {{Cite book|author=Kowmareeshwari (Ed.)|first=S.|title=Nattrinai, Ainkurunuru|publisher=Saradha Pathippagam|series=Sanga Ilakkiyam|edition=1|date=August 2012|location=Chennai|pages=|language=ta|ref={{sfnRef| Kowmareeshwari, 2012}}}} == Njikọ mpụga == * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609132928/http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/4_drav/tamil/pm/pm028__u.htm Aingurunuru nke kudalur kizhar]'', Project Madurai bb21eqhi1w3y6mykfxrljeoah1u8dmh 0 74157 692479 598859 2026-07-30T08:37:54Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692479 wikitext text/x-wiki '''COCIR'''bụ Kọmitii Nhazi nke European nke Ụlọ Ọrụ IT nke Radiological, Electromedical na Nlekọta Ahụike. Ọ bụ otu azụmaahịa na-abụghị uru, nke e hiwere na 1959, ma na-anọchite anya ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ ahụike na Europe. Kemgbe 2006, isi ụlọ ọrụ COCIR dị na Brussels. Na 2007, Heinrich von Wulfen ghọrọ onyeisi oche ya ma nọchie Frank Anton. COCIR bụ onye otu European Medical Devices Industry Group (EMIG). == Hụkwa == * Okpukpe * Ihe ndekọ ahụike eletrọniki * Ọnọdụ ahụike 7 * Ngwaọrụ ahụike - Nkà na ụzụ ahụike * NEMA == Edemsibia == * [http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_overview/co_operation/mobility/docs/health_services_co53.pdf COCIR Enyemaka na ndụmọdụ nke DG Sanco malitere gbasara ọrụ obodo na ọrụ ahụike] * [http://www.europeanchamber.com.cn/events/news.php?id=343 COCIR guzobere tebụl na China]  == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.cocir.org/ COCIR] 26h092ip8c1qfp1634zfqj35yuem9k8 0 74166 692301 598871 2026-07-29T18:55:28Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox journal | title = Journal of Religion and Health | cover = | former_name = <!-- or |former_names= --> | abbreviation = J. Relig. Health | discipline = [[Psychology]], [[religion]], [[health]], [[sociology]], [[spirituality]] | editor = Lindsay B. Carey | publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media]] | country = | history = 1961–present | frequency = Bimonthly | openaccess = | license = | impact = 2.0 (2024); 2.5 (5 year IF) | impact-year = 2024 | ISSN = 0022-4197 | eISSN = 1573-6571 | CODEN = JRHEAT | JSTOR = 00224197 | LCCN = 64006093 | OCLC = 44707874 | website = https://link.springer.com/journal/10943 | link2 = https://link.springer.com/journal/10943/volumes-and-issues | link2-name = Online archive }}The Journal of Religion and Health bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị ọgbọ na-enyocha ugboro abụọ n'ọnwa. Blanton-Peale Institute hiwere ya na 1961 ma Springer Science+Business Media bipụtara ya. Akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-ekpuchi nyocha gbasara ọnụọgụgụ na ogo nke oge a nke gbasara okpukperechi, nlekọta anụ ụlọ na nlekọta ime mmụọ nke na-eji echiche na omume ahụike, nke uche, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ugbu a. == Nchịkọta na ndepụta == A na-ewepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ma depụta ya na nchekwa data bibliographic ndị a:   Dị ka Journal Citation Reports si kwuo, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwere mmetụta nke 2023 nke 2.2 . <ref name="WoS">{{Cite book|year=2024|chapter=Journal of Religion and Health|title=2023 Journal Citation Reports|publisher=[[Clarivate]]|edition=Social Sciences/Arts and Humanities}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == 1ef984v426e2rntq7w5vhoecyn8ud8o 0 74329 692304 644611 2026-07-29T18:57:29Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Vidio egwu */ 692304 wikitext text/x-wiki "All the Love" bụ egwu nke onye ọbụ abụ Naịjirịa bụ Ayra Starr, ewepụtara na 11 Febụwarị 2025 site na Mavin Records n'okpuru ikike pụrụ iche nke Republic Records. Starr so dee egwu ahụ na onye mmepụta Johnny Drille, ya na Prince Omoferi na Dada Femi Ayoola. Dịka egwu Afropop, R&B, na soul, egwu ahụ dabere na egwu eke ma nwee okwu ndị lekwasịrị anya na isiokwu nke ịhụnanya onwe onye na ekele onwe onye. Starr ekwuola na o dere ya n'ụbọchị sochiri egwu mbụ ya na Naịjirịa, na-achọ imepụta ihe na-ewuli elu n'oge enweghị nsogbu. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ere ya dị ka ntọhapụ nke ụbọchị Valentine, ọ kọwara egwu ahụ dị ka nkwenye onwe onye kama ịbụ abụ ịhụnanya nkịtị. Ndị nkatọ egwu toro "All the Love" maka mmepụta ya na-ekpo ọkụ, nke dị nso na olu mmetụta uche ya. Na Naịjirịa, egwu ahụ ruru nọmba 10 na TurnTable Top 100 ma nọrọ izu 21 na chaatị ahụ. Na United Kingdom, ọ ruru nọmba isii na UK Afrobeats Singles Chart. Vidiyo egwu a, nke Ella Ezeike duziri ma see ya na Cape Town, pụtara na 16 Eprel 2025. Ọ na-egosi Starr n'obodo nta dị na South Africa, na-akpakọrịta na ndị obodo ma na-agba ịnyịnya n'ime ihe nkiri turquoise ochie tupu ọ mechie n'ụsọ osimiri n'abalị. Starr malitere egwu ahụ ozugbo na mmemme New Balance x JD Sports na London ma mesịa kpọọ ya na Hot 97's Summer Jam na dịka akụkụ nke mmemme mmeghe ya na Coldplay's Music of the Spheres World Tour. Na Ememme Global Citizen nke 2025 na New York City, o mechiri ihe nkiri ya na ngwakọta nke "All the Love" na "Strawberry Swing" nke Coldplay. Na Disemba, ọ mere egwu piano acoustic na mmemme Grammy Museum na-eme ememe nhọpụta nke abụọ ya maka Best African Music Performance. == Ihe ndị gbara ya gburugburu ==   Ayra Starr wepụtara [[Album|Abọm studio]] nke abụọ ya, The Year I Turned 21, na Mee 2024. Ọrụ ahụ nwetara otuto dị egwu ma ghọọ abọm mbụ nke nwanyị Naijiria na-ese ihe na-abanye na US <nowiki><i id="mwKw">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200. Starr nọrọ ọkara ikpeazụ nke afọ ahụ n'okporo ụzọ, na-eje ozi dị ka onye nkwado maka njem njem 11:11 nke Chris Brown gafee North America ma sonye na Coldplay na njem ụwa ha Music of the Spheres na Australia na New Zealand.<ref name="CapitalXtra">{{Cite news|title=Ayra Starr reveals what advice Chris Brown gave her amid 11:11 tour|url=https://www.capitalxtra.com/news/ayra-starr-tour-chris-brown-advice/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=Capital XTRA|date=4 July 2024|language=en}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2024, ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'abalị ikpeazụ nke Flytime Fest na Eko Convention Center na Lagos, egwu egwu mbụ ya na Naịjirịa, na-eme n'ihu ndị na-akwado 30,000 na ngosipụta mberede site na [[Rema (musician)|Rema]] na [[Tiwa Savage]].<ref name="Flytime Fest">{{Cite news|author=Onikoyi|first=Ayo|title=Davido, Olamide, Ayra Starr to headline Flytime's 20th anniversary celebrations December 22–25|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/12/davido-olamide-ayra-starr-to-headline-flytimes-20th-anniversary-celebrations-december-22-25/|accessdate=30 December 2025|date=8 December 2024|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-agwa Pop Crave okwu na MOBO Awards na Febụwarị na-esote, Starr kpughere na ya edeela "All the Love" n'ụbọchị sochiri egwu ahụ. O chetara na obi adịghị ya mma n'oge ahụ ma chọọ ịmepụta ihe na-ewuli elu maka onwe ya. O bu n'obi na mbụ iwepụta egwu ahụ na Jenụwarị mana o tinyere ya na Febụwarị, na-akọwa ya dị ka ụzọ isi mechie Afọ M Gbara Afọ 21. N'oge tupu egwu ahụ, Starr agbanweela site n'ụzọ lekwasịrị anya na album, na-agwa The London Standard na ọ chọrọ ibelata nrụgide dị n'ahụ ya ma mepụta egwu na-enweghị usoro edobere anya n'uche.<ref name="The Standard">{{Cite news|author=Block|first=India|title='Rihanna loves me!': Ayra Starr on fame, faith, and having the most fabulous fans|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/music/ayra-starr-rihanna-coldplay-interview-b1215152.html|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=The Standard|date=6 March 2025|language=en}}</ref> "All The Love" bụ nke Teemode na [[Johnny Drille]] mepụtara, bụ ndị sokwa Starr, Prince Omoferi na Dada Femi Ayoola dee egwu ahụ. A na-ahụ ya dị ka ihe na-aga n'ihu na ụda Starr, na-ejikọta ya na ọtụtụ ụdị Egwú a ma ama.<ref name="OkayAfrica2" /><ref name="StyleRave">{{Cite news|author=Badewa|first=Collins|title=Ayra Starr Marks The Season Of Love With "All The Love" + More New And Trending Songs By African Artists|url=https://www.stylerave.com/ayra-starr-all-the-love/|accessdate=31 December 2025|work=Style Rave {{!}} The Ultimate Style Guide|date=14 February 2025}}</ref> N'egwú, "All The Love" bụ Afropop, R&amp;amp;B na abụ mkpụrụ obi. Ọ nwere ogologo nke 3:08 ma bụrụ nke a na-ede n'oge nkịtị na igodo nke A major, na-enwe ọsọ nke 90-91 beats kwa nkeji na Ọganihu nke ụda-D-E-Bī.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr - All The Love (Lyrics) Chords - Chordify|url=https://chordify.net/chords/ayra-starr-all-the-love-lyrics-tribletunes|work=chordify.net|accessdate=31 December 2025|language=en}}</ref> Abụ ahụ gosipụtara ụda olu nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụda, nke a na-etinye n'elu ihe ndị dị nro na bassline nke na-akwado ya n'ebe niile. Ọ bụ Protunez na Prosper Udu na-enye ọrụ ụbọ . <ref name="TidalMusic">{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr - All The Love|url=https://tidal.com/album/415543072/credits|work=Tidal|accessdate=30 December 2025|language=en|date=10 February 2025}}</ref> Starr na-enye amaokwu ndị ahụ na cadence na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-agbanwere n'etiti ịdabere na ịkụ na ịgbatị ya n'oge abụ.<ref name="EricAlper" /> Abụ ahụ na-agbaso usoro amaokwu-pre-chorus-chorus, na onye ọzọ na-ekwughachi abụ ahụ. <ref name="Genius">{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr – All The Love|url=https://genius.com/Ayra-starr-all-the-love-lyrics|work=Genius|accessdate=1 January 2026}}</ref> == Ihe osise na ntọhapụ == Starr kpughere ihe osise mkpuchi maka egwu ahụ na 10 Febụwarị 2025, otu ụbọchị tupu ewepụta ya. <ref name="Twitter1">{{Cite web|title=ALL THE LOVE out on the 11th Feb ⭐️🥷🏽|url=https://x.com/i/status/1888629489099227170|work=Twitter|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref> Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ Scary Town mepụtara ihe osise ahụ, na ntụziaka anya site na Starr n'onwe ya n'akụkụ Peter Famosa, Michael Junioro, na Richie Igunma. Rana Fadavi jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi nka, ebe Jude Amponsah rụrụ ọrụ nka ikpeazụ. Axle Jozeph sere foto mkpuchi ahụ site n'enyemaka nke Eric Sakai. El-shaddai Nyagodzi na-eme ihe ejiji, Keesha Coombs na Chelsea Uchenna na-eme ka ọ dị mma; Jonah Dali lekọtara mmepụta ahụ.<ref name="covercredits">{{Cite web|title=Artwork for Ayra Starr "All The Love"|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DIgHIjko5yQ/|work=instagram.com|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref> Ihe osise a gosiri Starr n'elu ihe osise dị larịị nke na-agbanwe site na oroma na-ekpo ọkụ gaa na pink dị nro, nke yiri anwụ na-acha. O yi ọla ntị ọlaọcha agbụ ígwè na-ada ada yana jaket akpụkpọ anụ ojii a kpara akpa nke ejiri ihe mmado dị ka carabiner kechie n'obi. A na-akpụ ntutu isi ya dị ka nke a na-acha uhie uhie n'ime ebili mmiri. N'akụkụ aka nri ala nke onyonyo ahụ, aha egwu na aha onye na-ese ihe pụtara na edemede aka ọcha. BellaNaija kwuru na "jaket akpụkpọ anụ a kpara akpa na-agbakwụnye ezigbo ọnụ," na-eto ụdị ejiji ya dị ka "ihe dị larịị ma na-enweghị ntụpọ". <ref name="BellaNaija">{{Cite news|title=Ayra Starr's Cooking Something Sweet {{!}} “All The Love” Drops Tomorrow|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/02/ayra-starr-all-the-love-music/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=BellaNaija|date=10 February 2025}}</ref> Tupu ntọhapụ nke "All The Love", Starr kesara mkpirikpi na akaụntụ Instagram ya, na-egosi ihe na-enweghị isi, nke keyboard na-eduzi egwu ahụ.<ref name="NewWave">{{Cite news|title=Ayra Starr Offers A Heartfelt New Single 'All The Love' Ahead of Valentine's Day|url=https://www.newwavemagazine.com/single-post/ayra-starr-offers-a-heartfelt-new-single-all-the-love-ahead-of-valentine-s-day|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=newwavemagazine|date=11 February 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref name="AfroMixxxx">{{Cite news|author=Adegoke|first=Simisolaoluwa|title=Ayra Starr's 'All The Love': An Anthem of Unwavering Affection|url=https://afromixx.com/ayra-starrs-all-the-love-an-anthem-of-unwavering-affection/|accessdate=31 December 2025|work=Afromixx|date=12 February 2025}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara mmasị na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ma gafee otu nde nlele zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="ThatGrapeJuice" /> O mekwara ka ndị na-ese ihe ibe ya, gụnyere SZA, meghachi omume.<ref name="ThatGrapeJuice" /> Na 11 Febụwarị 2025, Mavin Records wepụtara "All the Love" na Ụlọ ahịa egwu dijitalụ na ọrụ na-asọ asọ n'okpuru ikikere pụrụ iche na Republic Records, n'ihu Valentine's Day. A na-ere ya dị ka ntọhapụ nke isiokwu Valentine, ọ bụ ezie na Starr kọwara abụ ahụ dị ka ihe gbasara ịhụnanya onwe onye na ekele onwe onye.<ref name="PulseNG">{{Cite news|author=Adebiyi|first=Adeayo|title=Ayra Starr is set to soundtrack valentine with her new single 'All The Love'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/ayra-starr-is-set-to-soundtrack-valentine-with-her-new-single-all-the-love-2025021110463388499|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=Pulse Nigeria|date=11 February 2025|language=en}}</ref> == Mmeghachi omume == "All the Love" nwetara nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ egwu. Robin Murray nke Clash kọwara ya dị ka "nke e ji mmetụta mee," na-ekwu maka "mmepụta afrobeats a na-esusu n'anyanwụ" na "mmetụta nke mmekọrịta chiri anya". Murray gbakwunyere na egwu ahụ nyere "mmetụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ na akpụkpọ ahụ" na Starr "na-ahapụ mmetụta ya niile na ngosipụta". <ref name="ClashMag">{{Cite news|author=Murray|first=Robin|title=Ayra Starr Shares New Single 'All The Love' {{!}} News|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/news/ayra-starr-shares-new-single-all-the-love/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=Clash|date=11 February 2025}}</ref> N'ide akwụkwọ maka OkayAfrica, Hannah Uguru kpọrọ ya "ụnụ anụnụ na-atọ ụtọ ma na-ebuli elu" ka egwu egwu egwu egwu nke Okech "na-eme ka ọ bụrụ abụ" nke ọma ma na-eme ka egwu egwu mara mma.<ref name="OkayAfrica2">{{Cite news|author=Uguru|first=Hannah|title=Ayra Starr Drops a Self-Love Anthem Ahead of Valentine's Day {{!}} OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/ayra-starr-drops-a-self-love-anthem-ahead-of-valentines-day/129861|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=www.okayafrica.com|date=11 February 2025}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFUguru2025">Uguru, Hannah (11 February 2025). [https://www.okayafrica.com/ayra-starr-drops-a-self-love-anthem-ahead-of-valentines-day/129861 "Ayra Starr Drops a Self-Love Anthem Ahead of Valentine's Day | OkayAfrica"]. ''www.okayafrica.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Okechukwu toro nnyefe Starr na pre-chorus.<ref name="Euphoria" /> ''GenZ Hip-Hop'' nyere egwu ahụ 8.5 n'ime 10, na-ewere ya dị ka "abụ mara mma nke ịhụnanya na ike" ma chọta abụ ahụ "na-eme ka ike, nwee mmetụta ịhụnanya, ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma. " Zachary Horvath nke ''HotNewHipHop'' nwekwara ekele maka "okwu ndị dị oke mkpa", na-ekwu na Starr nwere ike ịgba ndị na-ege ntị ume "inye onwe ha amara ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere obi abụọ banyere uru gị".<ref name="GenZHH">{{Cite news|title=Ayra Starr's "All The Love" Sends a Message of Empowerment and Affection|url=https://www.genzhiphop.com/ayra-starrs-all-the-love-sends-a-message-of-empowerment-and-affection/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=GenZHipHop|date=19 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="HotNewHipHop">{{Cite news|author=Horvath|first=Zachary|title=Ayra Starr Affirms That Everyone Deserves "All The Love" Possible On Affectionate New Single|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/885868-ayra-starr-all-the-love-stream|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=[[HotNewHipHop]]|date=5 February 2024|language=en}}</ref> New Wave Magazine nabatara ntọhapụ ahụ dị ka "mkpụrụ obi na-akpali akpali" na "abụ ịhụnanya dị elu," na-eme ka "ọkwa nke ụda olu dị nro" nke Starr pụta ìhè. <sup class="mw-ref reference" mwyw="">Ctrl":"<nowiki><span typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw=\"{&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;templatestyles&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;attrs&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;body&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;extsrc&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;cite news &amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Cite_news&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Ayra Starr Offers A Heartfelt New Single 'All The Love' Ahead of Valentine's Day&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://www.newwavemagazine.com/single-post/ayra-starr-offers-a-heartfelt-new-single-all-the-love-ahead-of-valentine-s-day&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;access-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;30 December 2025&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;work&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;newwavemagazine&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;11 February 2025&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;language&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwAio\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt70\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"mwAis\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.newwavemagazine.com/single-post/ayra-starr-offers-a-heartfelt-new-single-all-the-love-ahead-of-valentine-s-day\" id=\"mwAiw\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Ayra Starr Offers A Heartfelt New Single 'All The Love' Ahead of Valentine's Day\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwAi0\">newwavemagazine</i></nowiki>. 11 February 2025<nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwAi4\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwAi8\">30 December</span></nowiki> 2025<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-NewWave_13-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./All_the_Love_(Ayra_Starr_song)#cite_note-NewWave-13 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> pop Taylor nke Verge kwughachiri mmetụta a, na-aja egwu ahụ mma maka "ụda dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ obi. "N'ụzọ doro anya" maka Culture Custodian, Chibuzo Emmanuel kwuru na egwu ahụ "na-apụ n'anya site na ụda nke onye bu ụzọ ya, na-eme ihe nkiri ya" na egwu R&Switch ya dị egwu "Melt" . . .<ref name="VergeMagazine">{{Cite news|author=Taylor|first=Poppy|title=Global Afrobeats Superstar Ayra Starr Returns With 'all The Love' - Entertainment|url=https://vergemagazine.co.uk/global-afrobeats-superstar-ayra-starr-returns-with-all-the-love/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=Verge Magazine|date=12 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="Custodian">{{Cite news|author=Emmanuel|first=Chibuzo|title=New Releases from Rema Asake and Ayra Starr Raise Questions about Afrobeats' Release Cycle|url=https://culturecustodian.com/new-releases-from-rema-asake-and-ayra-starr-raise-questions-about-afrobeats-release-cycle/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.)|date=17 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="EricAlper">{{Cite news|author=Alper|first=Eric|title=Ayra Starr Launches 2025 With New Single All The Love and Continues Her Global Rise|url=https://www.thatericalper.com/2025/02/12/ayra-starr-launches-2025-with-new-single-all-the-love-and-continues-her-global-rise/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=That Eric Alper|date=13 February 2025}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlper2025">Alper, Eric (13 February 2025). [https://www.thatericalper.com/2025/02/12/ayra-starr-launches-2025-with-new-single-all-the-love-and-continues-her-global-rise/ "Ayra Starr Launches 2025 With New Single All The Love and Continues Her Global Rise"]. ''That Eric Alper''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="RatingsGame">{{Cite news|title=Ayra Starr Comes Back With "All The Love"|url=https://ratingsgamemusic.com/2025/02/15/ayra-starr-comes-back-with-all-the-love/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=RGM|date=15 February 2025}}</ref> Nadia Mumuni nke That Grape Juice kpọrọ ya "ike" ntọhapụ, ebe ''BellaNaija'' weere abụ ahụ dị ka "ọda dị nro maka ịhụnanya na-enweghị atụ". <ref name="BellaNaija1" /> == Ọrụ azụmahịa == Na Naijiria, "All The Love" malitere na ọnụọgụ 46 na TurnTable Top 100 n'oge izu nsuso nke 7-13 Febụwarị 2025, na naanị ụbọchị anọ nke nnweta, na-agbakọta nde 24.3 na redio. N'izu mbụ ya zuru ezu na chaatị ahụ, abụ ahụ rịrị elu 36 ruo na nọmba 10, na-egosi ọkwa ọhụrụ. Abụ ahụ nọrọ izu iri abụọ na otu na chaatị ahụ.<ref name="TurnTable">{{Cite web|title=TurnTable Charts {{!}} Official Nigeria Top 100|url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50|work=Turntable Charts|accessdate=31 December 2025|archivedate=22 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722160706/https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50}}</ref> Na United Kingdom, "All The Love" malitere na ọnụọgụ isii na Official Afrobeats Chart na 1 Machị 2025, na-egosi ọnọdụ ya kachasị elu. Abụ ahụ nọrọ izu iri na atọ na chaatị ahụ, na ọnọdụ na-agbanwe n'etiti nọmba isii na 19 tupu ọ daa na chaatụ ahụ n'etiti Mee. Ọ batara na chaatị ahụ na nọmba 20 na 31 Mee 2025. <ref name="OfficialCharts">{{Cite web|title=All The Love|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/songs/ayra-starr-all-the-love/|work=Official Charts|accessdate=31 December 2025|language=en|date=1 March 2025}}</ref> E wezụga Naịjirịa na UK, ọ hụrụ obere ọrụ chaatị. == Vidio egwu == === Ntọhapụ === Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya na 11 Febụwarị 2025, "All The Love" so vidiyo na-eme ihe nkiri nke gosipụtara Starr na-eyi jaket a na-egbutu agba nchara na obere uwe elu na akpụkpọ ụkwụ agụ owuru, na-eme ka ndị enyi nwanyị gbara ya gburugburu n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ nke e ji akwụkwọ mgbidi mosaic nke Persian, okpueze ọlaedo, na ọnụ ụzọ turquoise chọọ mma. Ka ha na-akwadebe n'ihu enyo efu ọla edo, okwu na-apụta na ihuenyo na edemede cursive n'ebe niile.<ref name="Euphoria">{{Cite news|author=Okechukwu|first=Nmesoma|title=Ayra Starr - All The Love|url=https://www.euphoriazine.com/blog/2025/02/music/tracks-ayra-starr-all-the-love/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=EUPHORIA.|date=18 February 2025}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOkechukwu2025">Okechukwu, Nmesoma (18 February 2025). [https://www.euphoriazine.com/blog/2025/02/music/tracks-ayra-starr-all-the-love/ "Ayra Starr - All The Love"]. ''EUPHORIA''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Nadia Mumuni nke Grape Juice kwuru na vidiyo ahụ gosipụtara Starr "na-anabata nwanne nwanyị" na " ngosipụta dị egwu nke ịdị n'otu".<ref name="ThatGrapeJuice">{{Cite news|author=Mumuni|first=Nadia|title=Ayra Starr Returns with New Single 'All The Love' / Unlocks Performance Video|url=https://thatgrapejuice.net/2025/02/ayra-starr-returns-with-new-single-the-love-unlocks-performance-video/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=That Grape Juice|date=12 February 2025|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMumuni2025">Mumuni, Nadia (12 February 2025). [https://thatgrapejuice.net/2025/02/ayra-starr-returns-with-new-single-the-love-unlocks-performance-video/ "Ayra Starr Returns with New Single 'All The Love' / Unlocks Performance Video"]. ''That Grape Juice''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Vidio egwu nke egwu ahụ malitere n'ịntanetị na ọwa [[YouTube]] ya na 16 Eprel 2025. Ọ bụ Ella Ezeike duziri vidio ahụ ma onye na-ese ihe nkiri bụ Karol Jurga gbara ya na [[Cape Town]].<ref name="BellaNaija3" /><ref name="David Reviews" /> Ọ bụ Michael Onafowokan Jr. duziri ntụziaka okike ebe Leon Carlton dezigharịrị ya.<ref name="PostCarlton">{{Cite web|title=Arya Starr - All The Love|url=https://postcarlton.com/portfolio/arya-starr-all-the-love|work=postcarlton.com|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref> === Nkọwa === Vidio ahụ na-amalite site na nwa agbọghọ na-eyi uwe elu na-acha pinki pinki na uwe denim na-agba ọsọ na-agafe mgbidi ndị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke nwere nọmba 13 ka kaadị aha ahụ na-apụta. Starr, na-eyi ụdị ntutu dị mkpirikpi, na-apụta n'elu tie-front na tie-dye wrap skirt na ọla ntị ọla edo, na-agagharị n'akụkụ obodo obibi nke nwere ụlọ mara mma na mgbidi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ihe nkiri ndị a na-ahụ n'etiti na-egosi nwoke na-eyi uwe nkịta na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nwere isiokwu "Gimme Dat", na-ezo aka na mmekorita Starr na [[Wizkid]]. Nwa agbọghọ ahụ na-ege ntị na ekweisi n'elu igwe ojii, ebe ụmụ okorobịa na-egwu bọọlụ n'ámá uzuzu dị nso. Starr na-agba ịnyịnya n'azụ ọgba tum tum nke otu nwoke na-enweghị uwe na-akwọ, ma mesịa pụta n'ime ụlọ ahịa na-ere ihe ịchọ mma nke jupụtara na wig na ntutu isi, ugbu a na-eyi uwe uhie na nke na-acha ọcha. Ọ makụrụ nwanyị nwere ogologo ntutu na okpu anụmanụ, wee nọdụ ala na tebụl ụlọ ahịa. Ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ na-egosi Starr nọ n'azụ turquoise convertible ka ọ na-aga n'okporo ụzọ efu. N'oge mgbede, ọ na-adabere n'ụgbọala ahụ n'ụsọ osimiri, ebe ọ gbanwere n'elu tankị ọcha na uwe mkpụmkpụ denim. Vidio ahụ mechiri na Starr na-agba egwú n'akụkụ convertible tupu ọ na-agafe ụkwụ ọtọ na mmiri na-adịghị omimi ka ihe nrite na-agagharị. === Nnakwere === ''BellaNaija'' nabatara ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka "obi dị mma" na-ekiri ma na-eme ka onye Starr dị na ihuenyo dị ka isi iyi nke mmesi obi ike, na-akọwa ihe ngosi ahụ dị ka ihe dị nro, ezi obi na-aga n'ihu na ozi abụ ahụ. <ref name="BellaNaija1">{{Cite news|title=Need a Boost of Real Love? Ayra Starr's 'All the Love' Video Got You Covered|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/04/ayra-starr-all-the-love-video/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=BellaNaija|date=15 April 2025}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/04/ayra-starr-all-the-love-video/ "Need a Boost of Real Love? Ayra Starr's 'All the Love' Video Got You Covered"]. ''BellaNaija''. 15 April 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> N'akwụkwọ ọzọ, nke lekwasịrị anya n'ihe ndị dị n'azụ ihe nkiri, mbipụta ahụ kwuru na vidiyo ahụ nwere "ihe nrọ, ihe na-eme n'oge ochie. " Onye nyocha maka Zambia Music Blog toro ojiji ya nke "ìhè dị nro, ihe dị mfe, na ihe dị ike, " <ref name="BellaNaija3">{{Cite news|title=The Stills from Ayra Starr's 'All the Love' New Video Are a Whole Mood|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/04/ayra-starr-all-love-stills/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=BellaNaija|date=19 April 2025}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/04/ayra-starr-all-love-stills/ "The Stills from Ayra Starr's 'All the Love' New Video Are a Whole Mood"]. ''BellaNaija''. 19 April 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> ebe David Reviews' Andrew MacGregor enweghị mmasị na ya, na-ekwu na "ọ bụghị ihe na-adịghị eme" na vidiyo ahụ ma ọ bụ "ihe karịrị njem dị egwu karịa njem na-atọ ụtọ".<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr – All The Love (Video)|url=https://zambianmusicblog.co/ayra-starr-all-the-love-video/|work=Zambian Music Blog|accessdate=30 December 2025|date=16 April 2025}}</ref><ref name="David Reviews">{{Cite web|author=MacGregor|first=Andrew|title=David Reviews: Ayra Starr 'All the Love'|url=https://www.davidreviews.com/Reviews/2025/Ayra_Starr_All_the_Love/|work=www.davidreviews.com|accessdate=30 December 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMacGregor">MacGregor, Andrew. [https://www.davidreviews.com/Reviews/2025/Ayra_Starr_All_the_Love/ "David Reviews: Ayra Starr 'All the Love'"]. ''www.davidreviews.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Egwuregwu na-eme ihe nkiri == "All The Love" nwetara ihe ngosi izizi ya na 20 Febụwarị 2025 na mmemme mmalite maka New Balance 740 x JD Sports collaboration na Kachette na London, ebe Starr so DJ Skyla Tylaa na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe n'ógbè ahụ. <ref name="Skiddle">{{Cite web|title=New Balance & JD Sports Presents: 740 Launch|url=https://www.skiddle.com/whats-on/London/Kachette/New-Balance--JD-Sports-Presents-740-Launch/40639330/#recommendedEvents|work=[[Skiddle]]|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="HypeBeast">{{Cite news|title=JD Launches Four Exclusive Colorways of the New Balance 740|url=https://hypebeast.com/2025/3/jd-new-balance-740-sneaker-ayra-starr-campaign-release-info|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=Hypebeast|date=4 March 2025}}</ref> Egwú ahụ mechara bụrụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ndepụta ya n'afọ niile. Na 20 June, Starr kụrụ egwu ahụ dị ka onye isi okwu na Hot 97's Summer Jam na Prudential Center na Newark, New Jersey, na-ekerịta ụgwọ ahụ na ndị na-eme ihe gụnyere A Boogie wit da Hoodie, Gunna, na GloRilla.<ref name="EricAlper"/> "All The Love" sokwa na mmalite ya na North American na European legs nke Coldplay's Music of the Spheres world tour, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkwado na ebe ndị gụnyere Rogers Stadium na Toronto na 11 July, Camp Randall Stadium na Madison na 19 July, Nissan Stadium na Nashville na 22 July, na Wembley Stadium na London na 23 August. <ref name="Ticketmaster">{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr Tickets {{!}} 2025-26 Tour & Concert Dates {{!}} Ticketmaster IE|url=https://www.ticketmaster.ie/ayra-starr-tickets/artist/5372192?hl=en-US|work=Ticketmaster Ireland|accessdate=30 December 2025|language=en}}</ref> Na 27 Septemba 2025, Starr mere "All The Love" na Global Citizen Festival na Great Lawn na Central Park, New York City, n'ihu ndị na-ege ntị karịrị mmadụ 60,000.<ref name="Afromixx">{{Cite news|author=Adegoke|first=Simisolaoluwa|title=Ayra Starr and Tyla Lead Africa’s Charge at Global Citizen Festival 2025|url=https://afromixx.com/ayra-starr-and-tyla-lead-africas-charge-at-global-citizen-festival-2025/|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=Afromixx|date=1 October 2025}}</ref> Ọ mechiri egwu egwu ya na "Strawberry Swing" nke Coldplay, nke Music-News.com kọwara dị ka "mmiri nraranye" maka ọrụ mmemme ahụ nke ịkwalite ike na Africa. Ka e mesịrị, ọ kpọpụtara Rema maka ihe ngosi mberede nke "[[Rush]]", "Calm Down", na "Baby (Is It a Crime) ".<ref name="MusicNews1">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfi|first=Marco|title=Ayra Starr electrifies Global Citizen Festival with surprise Rema performance|url=https://www.music-news.com/news/UK/184533/Ayra-Starr-electrifies-Global-Citizen-Festival-with-surprise-Rema-performance|accessdate=30 December 2025|work=Music-News.com|date=28 September 2025}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2025, Starr bụ onye isi nke Tidal Rave Festival na La Palm Royal Beach Hotel na Accra, na-aghọ onye isi mbụ na-abụghị onye Ghana na-ese ihe nkiri na akụkọ ihe mere eme ya afọ iri na atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2025|title=Ayra Starr to perform at 2025 Tidal Rave Festival|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ayra-starr-to-perform-at-2025-tidal-rave-festival/|work=Joy Online|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 November 2025|title=Tidal Rave Festival 2025 draws crowds to La Palm Royal Beach with Black Sherif, Ayra Starr|url=https://ghanamusic.com/news/2025/11/15/tidal-rave-festival-2025-draws-crowds-to-la-palm-royal-beach-with-black-sherif-ayra-starr/|work=Ghana Music|accessdate=30 December 2025|archivedate=15 December 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251215195400/https://ghanamusic.com/news/2025/11/15/tidal-rave-festival-2025-draws-crowds-to-la-palm-royal-beach-with-black-sherif-ayra-starr/}}</ref> N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Disemba, ọ kụrụ egwu piano nke egwu ahụ na A New York Evening na Ayra Starr, ihe omume Grammy Museum nke emere na National Sawdust na Brooklyn na-eme emume nhọpụta Grammy nke abụọ ya maka Best African Music Performance. <ref>{{Cite web|title=A New York Evening With Ayra Starr|url=https://grammymuseum.org/event/a-new-york-evening-with-ayra-starr/|work=[[Grammy Museum]]|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=28 November 2025|title=Ayra Starr to headline Grammy Museum conversation and performance in New York|url=https://notjustok.com/news/ayra-starr-to-headline-grammy-museum-conversation-and-performance-in-new-york/|work=Notjustok|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na ndị ọrụ == A na-enweta ihe nrite site na Tidal.<ref name="TidalMusic" /> * [[Ayra Starr]] - ederede egwu, olu * Protunez - ụbọ akwara * Prosper Agha Udu - ụbọ * Dada Femi Ayoola - ide egwu * John Ighodaro - ide abụ * Prince Omoferi - ide egwu * Teemode - mmepụta * [[Johnny Drille]] - mmepụta == Chaatị == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Ihe ngosi kwa izu maka "All the Love" ! scope="col" |Chart (2025-2026) ! scope="col" |Ebe kachasị elu<br /> |- ! scope="row" |Naịjirịa (<nowiki><i id="mwAZI">TurnTable</i></nowiki> Top 100) |10 |- ! scope="row" |Suriname (Nationale Top 40) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 40 – 18 tot 25 December 2025|url=https://nationaletop40.sr/top40-18-tot-25-december-2025/|date=18 December 2025|accessdate=30 January 2026|language=nl|publisher=[[Nationale Top 40 Suriname]]}}</ref> |12 |-{{single chart|UKafrobeats|6|date=20250301|artist=Ayra Starr|song=All The Love|rowheader=true}} |} == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}}{{Ayra Starr}}  [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cacshg08xadv65pbjlkfc7egdgczbjd 0 74330 692441 654992 2026-07-30T04:56:55Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Bad Vibes | cover = | alt = | border = yes | type = single | artist = [[Ayra Starr]] featuring [[Seyi Vibez]] | album = [[The Year I Turned 21]] | released = {{Start date|2024|5|10|df=yes}} | recorded = 2023–2024 | studio = | genre = * [[Afrobeats]] * [[Amapiano]] | length = {{Duration|m=2|s=48}} | label = [[Mavin Records]] | writer = * [[Ayra Starr|Oyinkansola Sarah Aderibigbe]] * [[Seyi Vibez|Oluwaloseyi Afolabi Balogun]] * Ajayi Olusegun Michael * Mason "Maesu" Tanner | producer = * Mystro Sugar * Ikenna Ohaeri (additional) | chronology = [[Ayra Starr]] | prev_title = [[Santa (song)|Santa]] | prev_year = 2024 | next_title = [[Last Heartbreak Song]] | next_year = 2024 | misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|2Ct0Ya7u1WI|"Bad Vibes"}}}} }} "Bad Vibes" bụ abụ nke onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu Naijiria bụ [[Ayra Starr]], nke gosipụtara onye na-ese egwu Naijeria bụ Seyi Vibez. A tọhapụrụ ya na 10 Mee 2024 site na Mavin Records dị ka otu egwu sitere na abọm studio nke abụọ nke Starr, The Year I Turned 21 (2024), na-esote abọm izizi ya 19 & Dangerous (2021). Nke Starr, Vibez, Ajayi Olusegun Michael, na Mason "Maesu" Tanner dere, Mystro Sugar mepụtara egwu ahụ na mmepụta ọzọ nke Ikenna Ohaeri na ngwakọta nke [[Johnny Drille]].<ref name="Tidal" /> Starr dekọrọ "Bad Vibes" n'oge nnọkọ nke abọm ahụ ma kọwaa ide ya mgbe "obi iwe" na "antsy" na studio mgbe ọ ṅụsịrị kọfị dị ukwuu. N'egwú, abụ ahụ na-agwakọta Afrobeats na rhythms nke amapiano. N'okwu, ọ na-enyocha isiokwu nke ntachi obi, obi ike onwe onye, na ntọala ime mmụọ, nke a na-enye site na ngwakọta nke Bekee, [[Pidgin Naịjirịa|Pidgin Naijiria]], na [[Asụsụ Yoruba|Yoruba]].<ref name="Genius" /> Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, "Bad Vibes" nwetara nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ, ndị toro ụda obi ike ya, nnyefe dị jụụ, na kemịkal dị n'etiti ndị omenkà abụọ ahụ. Egwú ahụ malitere na ọnụọgụ abụọ na Naịjirịa <nowiki><i id="mwIw">TurnTable</i></nowiki> Top 100 ma mesịa ruo n'elu iri nke UK Afrobeats Singles Chart na U.S. <nowiki><i id="mwJg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Afrobeats Songs chart. A kwadoro ya platinum na Naijiria ma tinye ya n'etiti Egwú Apple Music Nigeria kachasị egwu na 2024. Vidio egwu na-eso ya, nke Bushboy Machiavelli duziri, mekwuru ka isiokwu abụ ahụ sikwuo ike site na ejiji ejiji siri ike na ihe oyiyi arụmọrụ dị mfe, na-enye aka na mmetụta azụmahịa na ọdịbendị ya.<ref name="Vibesvideo" /> == Mmalite na ntọhapụ ==   Starr dekọrọ "Bad Vibes" n'oge nnọkọ maka abọm studio nke abụọ ya, The Year I Turned 21 (2024), nke sochiri 19 & Dangerous (2021). Ọ gwara ''Billboard'' na abọm ahụ gosipụtara oge mgbanwe onwe onye na nka ka ọ na-abanye n'afọ iri abụọ ya.<ref name="Billboard1">{{Cite news|author=Mamo|first=Heran|title=Ayra Starr Always Dreamt of Being a ‘Teenage Superstar’ — At 21, She’s Confident Her Music Will ‘Reach All Different Parts of the World’|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/ayra-starr-the-year-i-turned-21-album-1235696906/|work=Billboard|date=30 May 2024}}</ref> N'ikwu okwu n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ redio na [[The Beat 99.9 FM]], o kwuru na mmekorita na ọrụ ahụ sitere na ụda, na ndị otu ya na-ahụ maka nchebara echiche azụmahịa. Starr kwuru na ya gere Seyi Vibez ntị ogologo oge tupu ya aghara. Mgbe ọ họọrọ egwu ọ chere na ọ dabara adaba n'ụdị ya, o zigara ya Vibez, onye weghachiri amaokwu ya n'oge na-adịghị anya.<ref name="BadVibes1" /> Starr mechara kesaa vidiyo mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na-emeghachi omume na ntinye aka ya ma na-ekwu na abọm ahụ "80% emeela".<ref name="Bulletmp3">{{Cite web|author=Oke|first=Tolu|title=Ayra Starr confirms Seyi Vibez will feature on her upcoming album »|url=https://mp3bullet.ng/ayra-starr-confirms-seyi-vibez-will-feature-on-her-upcoming-album/|work=Mp3Bullet|accessdate=26 December 2025|date=17 March 2024}}</ref> N'otu ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kwuru maka itinye Seyi Vibez na Asake na abọm ahụ, na-ekwu na ebughị ya dị ka nkwupụta banyere asọmpi ndị na-akwado ya.<ref name="BadVibes1">{{Cite news|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|title=Ayra Starr opens up on why she decided to work with Asake, Seyi Vibez|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/06/ayra-starr-opens-up-on-why-she-decided-to-work-with-asake-seyi-vibez/|accessdate=26 December 2025|date=1 June 2024|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNjoku2024">Njoku, Benjamin (1 June 2024). [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/06/ayra-starr-opens-up-on-why-she-decided-to-work-with-asake-seyi-vibez/ "Ayra Starr opens up on why she decided to work with Asake, Seyi Vibez"]. ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> "Bad Vibes" bụ Starr dere n'onwe ya n'akụkụ Seyi Vibez, Ajayi Olusegun Michael, na Mason "Maesu" Tanner. Ọ bụ Mystro Sugar mepụtara egwu ahụ, na mmepụta ọzọ nke Ikenna Ohaeri, ma gwakọta ya site na [[Johnny Drille]]. A tọhapụrụ ya na 10 Mee 2024 dị ka otu site na Mavin Records tupu ntọhapụ nke The Year I Turned 21 ma gosipụta dị ka abụ nke iri na ndepụta egwu nke abọm ahụ.<ref name="Tidal">{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr – The Year I Turned 21|url=https://tidal.com/album/365137455/credits|work=Tidal|accessdate=26 December 2025|language=en|date=12 July 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://tidal.com/album/365137455/credits "Ayra Starr – The Year I Turned 21"]. ''Tidal''. 12 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya ==   "Bad Vibes" bụ abụ Afrobeats nwere ihe ndị na-ada ụda nke sitere na amapiano.<ref name="Shazam1">{{Cite web|title=Bad Vibes – Ayra Starr & Seyi Vibez: Song Lyrics, Music Videos & Concerts|url=https://www.shazam.com/song/1745016382/bad-vibes|work=Shazam|accessdate=26 December 2025|language=en-us}}</ref> Na-agba ọsọ maka nkeji abụọ na sekọnd iri anọ na asatọ, a na-etinye egwu ahụ na igodo nke Cī obere na Oge 44 a na-ahụkarị na ihe dịka 96 beats kwa nkeji, yana mmetụta nke oge abụọ gburugburu 190-192 BPM.<ref name="TuneBat">{{Cite web|title=Bad Vibes (feat. Seyi Vibez)|url=https://tunebat.com/Info/Bad-Vibes-feat-Seyi-Vibez-Ayra-Starr-Seyi-Vibez/6HTjqv0AsiZ34fOMcGCbSX|work=Tunebat|accessdate=26 December 2025}}</ref> Ọ na-agbaso usoro intro-verse-refrain-chorus-verse-chorus -bridge-chorus.<ref name="Genius">{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr & Seyi Vibez – Bad Vibes|url=https://genius.com/Ayra-starr-and-seyi-vibez-bad-vibes-lyrics|accessdate=26 December 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://genius.com/Ayra-starr-and-seyi-vibez-bad-vibes-lyrics "Ayra Starr & Seyi Vibez – Bad Vibes"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> The harmonic framework revolves around a repeating chord progression of C♯ minor, B, A, and F♯. The arrangement opens with layered textures of sustained synth-like strings and percussive accents, introducing guitar phrases before additional six-string layers appear as the piece develops, supporting the groove without dominating the mix.<ref name="Beatbreak" /> A piano line reinforces the melodic contour during the choruses, where a choir provides gospel-inflected backing vocals behind Starr.<ref name="PitchForki">{{Cite news|author=Chokrane|first=Boutayna|title=Ayra Starr: The Year I Turned 21|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/ayra-starr-the-year-i-turned-21/|accessdate=26 December 2025|work=Pitchfork|date=6 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="Beatbreak" /> Bass synths and 808-style sub-bass patterns drive the low end, while drum programming remains relatively sparse, relying on kick, snare, hi-hats, and hand percussion such as congas and castanet-like clicks, with occasional fills and risers marking transitions between sections.<ref name="Beatbreak">{{Cite web|title=Ayra Star & Seyi Vibez Bad Vibes Beat Breakdown- Step by Step Tutorial|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrQTEODjxtU|work=YouTube|accessdate=26 December 2025|date=24 May 2024}}</ref> During the bridge, Starr adopts a rap-adjacent delivery as the drums momentarily drop out, emphasizing each self-assured line. Vibez handles the second verse and outro.<ref name="Genius"/> N'okwu egwu, otu egwu ahụ na-agwakọta Bekee, asụsụ Pidgin nke Naịjirịa, na Yoruba, na-ejikọta isiokwu nke iguzogide, obi ike onwe onye, ​​na ntụgharị uche ime mmụọ megide ngwa egwu ya dị egwu. Egwu ahụ gụnyere okwu, "Igi gogoro ma gun mi loju, m ọ fọ," nke ọ sụgharịrị dị ka "Etinyela m n'anya m... Anaghị m agbaji. Adị m mma." Ka ọ na-atụle ihe dị n'okwu egwu ahụ, Starr kwuru na ịtụgharị okwu ndị dị otú ahụ gaa na Bekee na-ebelata mmetụta ha, na-akọwa na a na-achọ Vibez dị ka onye na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ihi na ọ ga-aghọta ebumnuche nka: "anyị na-ada ụda dị egwu ọnụ." <ref name="AppleMusic">{{Cite web|title=The Year I Turned 21 by Ayra Starr on Apple Music|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/the-year-i-turned-21/1745016086|work=Apple Music|accessdate=26 December 2025|date=30 May 2024}}</ref> == Mmeghachi omume == "Bad Vibes" nwetara nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ egwu. N'ide akwụkwọ maka OkayAfrica, Dennis Ade Peter kpọrọ ya "abụ na-ada ụda" nke "na-ejikọta obi ike na-adịghị ala ala, mmesi obi ike na mmụọ, na onyinyo nke introspection. " <ref name="OkkayAfricaa">{{Cite news|author=Peter|first=Dennis Ade|title=Ayra Starr Expels Negativity In New Single "Bad Vibes" {{!}} OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/ayra-starr-expels-negativity-in-new-single-bad-vibes/185684|accessdate=26 December 2025|work=www.okayafrica.com|date=10 May 2024}}</ref> Style Rave's Collins Badewa weere ya dị ka "nkwupụta dị ike-abụ na-egbuke egbuke maka ndị na-eguzo ike megide ihe na-adịghị mma, ma na-atọ ụtọ" maka igosi "nnukwu njikọ aka n'etiti ndị omenkà abụọ ahụ". <ref name="StyleRaver">{{Cite news|author=Badewa|first=Collins|title=Ayra Starr And Seyi Vibez Declare No 'Bad Vibes' + More New And Trending Music Globally|url=https://www.stylerave.com/ayra-starr-seyi-vibez/|accessdate=26 December 2025|work=Style Rave {{!}} The Ultimate Style Guide|date=10 May 2024}}</ref> Na nyocha ya maka Euphoria, Nmesoma Okechukwu toro abụ ahụ dị ka ihe atụ ọzọ nke ikike Starr nwere inye "abụ ndị na-akwalite obi ike," wee kwuo, sị: "Amalitere m iche na ọ dịghị onye na-eme dị ka Starr na-eme. " <ref name="Euphorian">{{Cite news|author=Okechukwu|first=Nmesoma|title=Ayra Starr – Bad Vibes (feat. Seyi Vibez)|url=https://www.euphoriazine.com/blog/2024/05/music/tracks-ayra-starr-bad-vibes-feat-seyi-vibez/|accessdate=26 December 2025|work=EUPHORIA.|date=13 May 2024}}</ref> Melony Akpoghene nke The Bounce kọwara ya dị ka "abụ abụ na-''Ịgbagharị'' maka iwepụ ihe na-adịghị mma," ma kwuo na ndị omenkà abụọ ahụ na-agafe "na-enweghị obi ike ma na-eme ka ọ bụ naanị ihe onwunwe" nke ọma.<ref name="TheBounceNet">{{Cite news|author=Akpoghene|first=Melody|title=The Pick: Ayra Starr and Seyi Vibez Just Want to Chill on “Bad Vibes”|url=https://thebounce.net/b-side/the-pick-ayra-starr-and-seyi-vibez-just-want-to-chill-on-bad-vibes/|accessdate=26 December 2025|work=BOUNCE|date=15 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="TheGuardianUK">{{Cite news|author=Morris|first=Kadish|title=Ayra Starr: The Year I Turned 21 review – magnetic Afrobeats|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/may/31/ayra-starr-the-year-i-turned-21-review-magnetic-afrobeats|accessdate=26 December 2025|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=31 May 2024}}</ref> N'ịtụle abọm nne maka The Native, Blossom Maduafokwa dere na abụ ahụ "na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti Ayra a na-erikarị na Ayra nke bụ ezigbo ya. Boutayna Chokrane si Pitchfork hụrụ na ihe egwu ahụ pụtara dị n'otu, ihe "na mbụ na-ada dị ka mgbanwe" na-aghọ ihe dị adị ka okwu Starr "dabara n'ime ukwe ozi ọma." Hope Ibiale nke Afrocritik chere na egwu ahụ "na-akwalite àgwà mpako" nke e guzobere na mbụ na abọm ahụ, ma kwuo na "ndị omenkà abụọ ahụ na-achọta ebe zuru oke iji gosipụta mmepụta egwu ahụ dị iche iche." Robin Murray nke Clash kwenyere na Vibez "zuru oke maka egwu ahụ, na-agbakwụnye ụdị ike dị iche." Heran Mamo na Dan Rys nke Billboard chere na abụ ahụ nwere "ihe dị nro ma dị jụụ" gbasara mmepụta ya n'agbanyeghị aha ya, ma kwuo na Vibez "na-egosi akụkụ dị nro nke onwe ya" ka ha abụọ "na-eme ihe ọchị banyere ịgbagọ ndụ na-atụfu ụzọ mmadụ." Ide maka We Plug Good Music, Shirley dere Reynozo kwuru na abụ ahụ na-anụ Starr "na-ebelata nkwa ya ichebe ike ya site na ihe ọjọọ" okpukpu abụọ..<ref name="Afrocritikal">{{Cite news|author=Ibiale|first=Hope|title=“The Year I Turned 21” Review: Ayra Starr’s Sophomore Project is her Sonic Autobiography – Afrocritik|url=https://afrocritik.com/the-year-i-turned-21-review-ayra-starrs-sophomore/|accessdate=26 December 2025|work=[[Afrocritik]]|date=3 June 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ClashMusic1">{{Cite news|author=Murray|first=Robin|title=Ayra Starr – The Year I Turned 21 {{!}} Reviews|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/reviews/ayra-starr-the-year-i-turned-21/|accessdate=26 December 2025|work=Clash Magazine|date=31 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="BillboardInfo">{{Cite news|author=Mamo|first=Heran|title=Afrobeats Fresh Picks: Ayra Starr, Azanti x PsychoYP, Tiwa Savage, Darkoo, Sarkodie, Fireboy DML & More|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/best-new-afrobeats-songs-ayra-starr-azanti-psychoyp-darkoo-tiwa-savage-1235697096/|accessdate=26 December 2025|work=Billboard|date=31 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="WPGM">{{Cite news|author=Reynozo|first=Shirley|title=WPGM Recommends: Ayra Starr – The Year I Turned 21 (Album Review)|url=https://www.wepluggoodmusic.com/wpgm-recommends-ayra-starr-the-year-i-turned-21-album-review/|accessdate=26 December 2025|work=WE PLUG GOOD MUSIC|date=23 June 2024}}</ref> == Ọrụ azụmahịa == "Bad Vibes" malitere na ọnụọgụ abụọ na Official Nigeria Top 100 maka izu nke 10-16 Mee 2024, na-aghọ nke iri na atọ nke Starr na-abanye n'elu iri na chaatị ahụ ma na-agbatị ndekọ ya dị ka nwanyị na-ese ihe na-etinye n'elu ihe iri na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke chaatị. <ref name="Chartsng">{{Cite web|title=TurnTable Charts {{!}} Official Nigeria Top 100|url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50|work=TurnTableCharts.com|accessdate=26 December 2025|archivedate=28 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190330/https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50}}</ref> Abụ ahụ nọ na ọnụọgụ 24 na Apple Music Nigeria's Top Songs of 2024 list. Na United Kingdom, ọ rutere n'ọkwa nke isii na UK Afrobeats Singles Chart, nọrọ izu iri na atọ na chaatị ahụ site na 25 Mee ruo 17 Ọgọst 2024. <ref name="UKcharts">{{Cite web|title=BAD VIBES|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/songs/ayra-starrseyi-vibez-bad-vibes/|work=Official Charts|accessdate=26 December 2025|language=en|date=25 May 2024}}</ref> Na United States, abụ ahụ ruru ọnụọgụ itoolu na <nowiki><i id="mw6g">Billboard</i></nowiki> U.S. Afrobeats Songs. Na 5 Jenụwarị 2025, "Bad Vibes" nwetara asambodo platinum na Naịjirịa site na TurnTable Certification System.<ref name="Certification">{{Cite web|title="Bad Vibes" Certification|url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/certification|work=TurnTable Charts|accessdate=26 December 2025}}</ref> == Vidio egwu == [[File:Ayra_Starr_in_Bad_Vibes_video.png|alt=Refer to caption|áká_èkpè|thumb|Starr na-apụta n'ọnọdụ e dere ihe, na-agagharị n'ihu akara "No Bad Vibes" na-enwu gbaa.]] Ọ bụ Bushboy Machiavelli duziri vidiyo egwu maka "Bad Vibes" ma wepụta ya na 11 Mee 2024. <ref name="Vibesvideo">{{Cite news|title=New Video: Ayra Starr – ‘Bad Vibes (ft. Seyi Vibez)’|url=https://thatgrapejuice.net/2024/05/new-video-ayra-starr-bad-vibes-ft-seyi-vibez/|accessdate=26 December 2025|work=..::That Grape Juice.net::.. – Thirsty?|date=10 May 2024|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://thatgrapejuice.net/2024/05/new-video-ayra-starr-bad-vibes-ft-seyi-vibez/ "New Video: Ayra Starr – 'Bad Vibes (ft. Seyi Vibez)'"]. ''..::That Grape Juice.net::.. – Thirsty?''. 10 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> === Nkọwa === Ọ na-amalite site na Starr gbara ya gburugburu site na otu ụmụ nwanyị, ndị yi isi na conrows a kpụchara akpụcha, ugogbe anya gbara ọchịchịrị, uwe ojii ndị dabara adaba, na akpụkpọ ụkwụ dị elu ikpere, nke edobere n'azụ azụ amber na-ekpo ọkụ. Ihe a na-ahụ anya na-agafe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche: ụlọ e ji graffiti kpuchie nke nwere akara "No Bad Vibes" pink neon ebe Starr na-agba egwu naanị ya n'elu ihe mkpuchi ojii na obere uwe mwụda ọla; ihe nkiri mara mma nke nwere ụgbọala egwuregwu na-acha uhie uhie nke na-agbanwe agbanwe megide ndabere gbara ọchịchịrị, ebe Starr yi uwe elu halter na uwe mwụda ojii na-adịghị ahụkebe; na ụlọ a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ, nke e ji taịlị mee ebe Seyi Vibez malitere ikwu okwu ya mgbe ọ na-ekwu okwu na ekwentị na-enweghị eriri. Mgbidi nke ntọala ya nwere ahịrịokwu ndị e sere agbaze gụnyere "Commas", "Catch Me Where the Money's At," "Sabi Girl," na "NAHAM", na-ezo aka ma egwu ya na nke Starr gara aga na àgwà ya. Ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ gụnyere foto Starr gbagọrọ agbagọ n'elu uwe ọcha na nke anụnụ anụnụ n'akụkụ ndabere ọcha dị ọcha, yana usoro ihe nkiri abalị na cobblestones ebe ọ na-eme ihe omume dị iche iche yana ndị na-agba egwu yi uwe elu ọcha, obere mkpụmkpụ ọcha, na akpụkpọ ụkwụ pink mara mma, yana ụgbọala ochie nke ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-enwu n'azụ. === Nnakwere === Vidio egwu ahụ enwetala ihe karịrị nde mmadụ iri na otu na YouTube ka ọ na-erule Disemba afọ 2025.<ref name="Views">{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr – Bad Vibes ft. Seyi Vibez (Official Music Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Ct0Ya7u1WI|work=YouTube|accessdate=26 December 2025|date=10 May 2024}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na ndị ọrụ == Ihe nrite sitere na Tidal. * [[Ayra Starr]] - onye na-eduzi olu, ide egwu * Seyi Vibez - egwú, ederede * Ajayi Olusegun Michael - ide egwu * Mason "Maesu" Tanner - ide egwu * Mystro Sugar - mmepụta, olu ndị ukwe * [[Johnny Drille]] - ngwakọta * Chris Gehringer - njikwa * YandereJan - abụ * Basil Michael Nnamdi - ndị ukwe == Chaatị ==   == asambodo == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |+asambodo maka "Bad Vibes" ! scope="col" |Ógbè ! scope="col" |asambodo ! scope="col" |Ngwongwo ndị a kwadoro |- ! scope="row" |Naịjirịa (TCSN) |2x Platinum |200,000‡ |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |‡ Ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịa + mgbasa ozi dabere na asambodo naanị. |} == Hụkwa == * <nowiki><i id="mwATo">Billboard</i></nowiki> Year-End U.S. Afrobeats Songs of 2024 == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}}{{Ayra Starr}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3qh9jpnpzvp9k8cg8xv40uesf2o1p22 0 74338 692594 620651 2026-07-30T11:25:51Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Hot Body | cover = | alt = A close-up of a woman’s torso in denim shorts and silver jewelry, with a metallic logo reading “Hot Body” styled like a diamond-encrusted belt buckle. | type = single | artist = [[Ayra Starr]] | album = | written = 2025 | released = {{start date|2025|07|25|df=y}} | recorded = 2025 | studio = | genre = [[Afrobeats]] | length = 2:40 | label = * [[Mavin Records|Mavin]] * [[Roc Nation]] | writer = * [[Sarah Oyinkansola Aderibigbe]] * Keven Wolfsohn * Paul Bogumil Goller * Ikechukwu Clinton Nnaemeka * Promise Ekpe | producer = * [[Ragee]] * The Elements | prev_title = [[Gimme Dat (song)|Gimme Dat]] | prev_year = 2025 | next_title = [[Who's Dat Girl]] | next_year = 2025 | misc = {{External music video| {{YouTube|9qoNd60GcIA|"Hot Body"}} }} }} "Hot Body" bụ egwu nke onye ọbụ abụ Naịjirịa bụ Ayra Starr, ewepụtara na 25 Julaị 2025, site na Mavin Records na Roc Nation. Ragee mepụtara ya na ntinye aka ndị ọzọ sitere na The Elements ma gwakọta ya site na Johnny Drille, egwu ahụ na-agwakọta Afrobeats na dancehall na mmetụta pop. E wepụtara ya dị ka egwu nke onwe ya n'oge a nabatara Starr n'ụwa niile, na-eso nkwekọrịta njikwa Roc Nation ya, ebe nkwado ya na Coldplay's Music of the Spheres World Tour, na mmekorita ya na Wizkid na eserese "Gimme Dat". N'egwu, a na-eji egwu "Hot Body" mara egwu site na ụda ọkpọ, synths dị larịị, na olu na-ekpo ọkụ. Ndị nkatọ kọwara egwu ahụ dị ka emume nnwere onwe na ikike anụ ahụ, ebe Billboard kpọrọ ya oghere mmanya na-esi ísì ụtọ, The Native na-ekwukwa otu Starr si arụ ọrụ "nkwenye zuru oke" ebe ọ na-agbanwe ịdị mma nke ntorobịa ka ọ bụrụ "ịma mma anụ ahụ". <ref name="TheNativeRev" /> Vidio egwu ya, nke Claire Bishara duziri, e mere na [[Los Angeles]] ma gosipụta Starr na-eduga ndị na-agba egwu niile na ụgbọ mmiri na ọdụ osimiri, na-eme ka ihe oyiyi si dị iche iche site na ngwụcha afọ 1990 na mmalite afọ 2000 R&amp;amp;B vidiyo.<ref name="TheNativeRev" /> Otu ahụ nwetara otuto zuru oke site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ egwu Afrịka na nke mba ụwa maka mmepụta ya na arụmọrụ olu Starr, na ngosipụta ọzọ site na Rolling Stone dị ka otu n'ime Afropop na-akpụzi oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2025.<ref name="Rollingrev" /> Akwụkwọ ''HotNewHipHop'' toro obi ike Starr na ụmụ agbọghọ bara ọgaranya, Le Monde Afrique kọwara abụ ahụ dị ka "nchịkọta nke agụụ mmekọahụ". <ref name="LeMonderev" /> == Mmalite na ntọhapụ == Ayra Starr nwetara nlebara anya mba ụwa na abọm izizi ya nke afọ 2021 19 & Dangerous, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye dị mkpa na Afrobeats na pop Africa nke oge a. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2023, ọ banyere n'ahịa ụwa na "[[Rush]]", otu egwu a họpụtara na Grammy nke batara na UK Singles Chart ma gbasaa ya karịa Africa. Profaịlụ ya na-eto eto dugara na nkwekọrịta njikwa na Roc Nation na 2025 na ngosipụta dị ka onye na-emeghe na Coldplay's Music of the Spheres World Tour, ihe ịrịba ama nke mere ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị nnọchi anya Afropop kachasị anya n'ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Anazia|first=Daniel|title=Ayra Starr inks deal with Jay-Z’s Roc Nation, primed to conquer world music|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/weekend-beats/ayra-starr-inks-deal-with-jay-zs-roc-nation-primed-to-conquer-world-music/|accessdate=29 September 2025|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="AyraCold">{{Cite news|author=Baker|first=Lizzie|title=Ayra Starr among Coldplay's UK Music Of The Spheres Tour support acts|url=https://www.contactmusic.com/story/469/3326604/ayra-starr-among-coldplay-s-uk-music-of-the-spheres-tour-support-acts|accessdate=29 September 2025|work=Contactmusic.com|date=20 June 2025|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2025, Starr sooro [[Wizkid]] rụkọọ ọrụ na "Gimme Dat", otu egwu nke gosipụtara Mary J. Blige na Wyclef Jean's "911". Egwú ahụ gosipụtara na Naijiria, United Kingdom, na United States, ebe ''Billboard'' kọrọ na ọ malitere na ọnụọgụ isii na chaatị Afrobeats Songs nke US, na-egosi mmalite kachasị elu maka nwanyị Naijiria na-ese ihe na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke chaatị ahụ. Nzaghachi nke otu ahụ mekwuru ka aha ya dị ka ihe na-eme n'ụzọ dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Discover Ayra Starr's Brand New 'Hot Body'|url=https://www.antimusic.com/p/25/0726discover_ayra_starrs_brand_new_hot_body.shtml|accessdate=29 September 2025|work=www.antimusic.com|date=26 July 2025|language=en}}</ref> N'etiti nnukwu nkwanye ugwu a, Starr wepụtara "Hot Body" na 25 Julaị 2025, site na Mavin Records na mmekorita ya na Roc Nation. Onye na-emepụta egwu egwu Naịjirịa bụ Ragee mepụtara egwu ahụ yana ihe nkiri ọzọ sitere na The Elements, Johnny Drille gwakọtara ma mụta ya nke ọma. Starr mechara kọwaa na e mere atụmatụ na a ga-ewepụta egwu ahụ na mbido afọ mana e yigharịrị ya ka ọ na-ese ihe nkiri na South Africa ma mechaa ihe nkiri ya. Ọ kọwara ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya maka egwu ahụ dị ka ime egwu "oge na-adịghị agwụ agwụ" nke na-agaghị adị ka ihe ga-eme na usoro..<ref name="MTVVMAs">{{Cite news|author=Cao|first=Katie|title=Ayra Starr On Her “Hot Body” Music Video Inspiration {{!}} MTV VMAs 2025|url=https://www.billboard.com/video/ayra-starr-on-her-hot-body-music-video-inspiration/|accessdate=28 December 2025|work=Billboard|date=7 September 2025}}</ref> == Nkọwa na ntụgharị abụ ==   Dị ka Digital Music Pool si kwuo, "Hot Body" na-agba ọsọ na 96 beats kwa nkeji na mkpịsị aka nke D São Minor (Camelot 12A), na-agbaso ya midtempo, ụdị egwu. A tọhapụrụ ya n'ọtụtụ usoro na 25 Julaị 2025, gụnyere nke dị ọcha, a cappella, na ụdị ngwá ọrụ, na-egosipụta mgbanwe ya maka redio na klọb.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Digital Music Pool|url=https://www.digitalmusicpool.com/track/hot-body|work=www.digitalmusicpool.com|accessdate=29 September 2025}}</ref> Ndị nkatọ na-etinye egwu ahụ na crossroads nke Afrobeats, dancehall, reggae, na pop. ''Billboard'' gosipụtara ya dị ka egwu "maka nwayọ na-eti mkpu n'abalị na-ekpo ọkụ, ebe ''Afrobeats Magazine'' dere na mmepụta ahụ na-agwakọta "ụda Afrobeats na-eme ka ọ dị egwu na-akụ bass[...]." <ref name="Hotbillrev">{{Cite news|author=Rys|first=Heran Mamo, Dan|title=African Fresh Picks: Tyla & Wizkid, Ayra Starr, Odeal, Burna Boy, Asake & Tiakola, Fireboy DML & More|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/best-new-african-songs-tyla-wizkid-ayra-starr-burna-boy-1236031172/|accessdate=29 September 2025|work=Billboard|date=30 July 2025}}</ref> ''Xmag'' na Style Rave toro ụda ya, nke dị njikere ịgba egwú ma kwuo otú "nke dị larịị ma na-ekpuchi ikuku" si hapụ ohere maka olu Starr iji mee ka o doo anya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr Turns Up The Heat With New "Hot Body" Music Video|url=https://afrobeatsmagazine.com/ayra-starr-hot-body-music-video-review/|accessdate=29 September 2025|date=11 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="Xmagrev">{{Cite web|author=Editorial|first=Xmag|title=Ayra Starr Releases ‘Hot Body’ and Solidifies Her Reign in Global Afrobeats|url=https://en.xmag.live/ayra-starr-releases-hot-body-and-solidifies-her-reign-in-global-afrobeats/|accessdate=29 September 2025|date=25 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Badewa|first=Collins|title=Ayra Starr Claims The Summer With "Hot Body" + More New And Trending Afrobeats Songs|url=https://www.stylerave.com/ayra-starr-hot-body/|work=Style Rave {{!}} The Ultimate Style Guide|accessdate=29 September 2025|date=25 July 2025}}</ref> N'ide maka OkayAfrica, Tšeliso Monaheng kwuru na abụ ahụ gosipụtara ụdị nnwale na-akwalite Afropop n'ụwa niile. Ndokwa ahụ na-adabere na obere palette Nke nta aka, synth-bass miri emi, na oge ụfọdụ guitar na-aga nke ọma. <ref name="Okaypost">{{Cite web|author=Monaheng|first=Tšeliso|title=Ayra Starr Turns Up the Heat With 'Hot Body' {{!}} OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/ayra-starr-turns-up-the-heat-with-hot-body/242697|work=www.okayafrica.com|accessdate=29 September 2025|date=25 July 2025}}</ref> The Native's Damilola Animashaun ji rhythm ya tụnyere "incantation", na-agbakwụnye na Starr na-eme atụmatụ "kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi" mgbe ọ na-agbanwe ntorobịa na-eme ka ọ bụrụ "ọmarịcha obi". Top40-Charts kwuru otú ihe ndị na-eme na guitar na-akpa n'enweghị nsogbu n'ime groove.<ref name="TheNativeRev">{{Cite web|author=Animashaun|first=Damilola|title=Best New Music: Ayra Starr Turns Youthful Swagger Into Sensual Elegance On "Hot Body"|url=https://thenativemag.com/best-new-music-ayra-starr-turns-youthful-swagger-into-sensual-elegance-on-hot-body/|work=[[The Native]]|accessdate=29 September 2025|date=30 July 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnimashaun2025">Animashaun, Damilola (30 July 2025). [https://thenativemag.com/best-new-music-ayra-starr-turns-youthful-swagger-into-sensual-elegance-on-hot-body/ "Best New Music: Ayra Starr Turns Youthful Swagger Into Sensual Elegance On "Hot Body""]. ''[[The Native]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Top40rev">{{Cite news|title=Ayra Starr Drops New Single "Hot Body" Today|url=https://top40-charts.com/mnews.php?nid=190339&cat=|accessdate=29 September 2025|work=Top40-Charts.com|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Nigeria Entertainment Today|Netng]]'' gbakwunyere na atụmatụ ya karịrị ọdịyo, na-akpali mmalite nke egwuregwu ịgba egwu n'ịntanetị nke isiokwu ya bụ otu. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Adeyanju|first=Adedeji|title=Ayra Starr Turns Up the Heat with New "Hot Body" Online Game|url=https://thenet.ng/ayra-starr-turns-up-the-heat-with-new-hot-body-online-game/|accessdate=29 September 2025|work=[[The Netng]]|date=20 September 2025}}</ref> N'olu, Starr na-enyefe na sultry poise na njide. ''HotNewHipHop'' kwuru na "site na ogwe mmeghe, obi ike ya na-egbuke egbuke," na-ezo aka na ntụgharị egwu egwu dịka "ịfụchi Porsche ya. " <ref name="HNHHpost" /> Euphoria Magazine gosipụtara egwu ahụ dị ka ntụgharị dị nro, na-agbadata ma e jiri ya tụnyere oge Afrobeats siri ike, <ref name="HNHHpost">{{Cite web|author=Morton|first=Devin|title=Ayra Starr Is Highly Confident In Her "Hot Body" On Latest Single|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/932773-ayra-starr-hot-body-stream|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=29 September 2025|language=en|date=5 February 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Okechukwu|first=Nmesoma|title=Ayra Starr – Hot Body|url=https://www.euphoriazine.com/blog/2025/07/music/tracks-ayra-starr-hot-body/|work=EUPHORIA.|accessdate=29 September 2025|date=27 July 2025}}</ref> ebe onye na-emegide Music kpọrọ ya "fụchi na ọkụ, "na-akọwa ya dị ka otu n'ime arụmọrụ ya kachasị akpaliri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Discover Ayra Starr's Brand New 'Hot Body'|url=https://www.antimusic.com/p/25/0726discover_ayra_starrs_brand_new_hot_body.shtml?utm_source=chatgpt.com|work=www.antimusic.com|accessdate=29 September 2025|language=en|date=26 July 2025}}</ref> Starr n'onwe ya kwadoro "Hot Body" dị ka akụkụ nke "oge mmekọahụ" ọhụrụ, na-akọwa n'ajụjụ ọnụ Capital Xtra na ọ chọrọ ịgafe nsogbu mbụ site n'inye isiokwu nke ịma mma mmekọahụ na egwu ya: "Tupu m na-eme ihere, mana ugbu a anaghị m enwe obi ụtọ. Ọ dị m mma na akpụkpọ ahụ m. "Ọ kọwara oge ndekọ ya na ndị na-emepụta Ragee, Dino Vader, na The Elements dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma, na-echeta na e wuru ya na "ihe omume ya zuru oke karịa nke ọma". Starr kwuru na ọ gbakwunyere onye ọzọ n'oge na-adịghị anya iji "dọrọ ya ruo n'otu ebe m hụrụ ya n'anya. " N'okwu, "Hot Body" na-eme emume nnwere onwe na nnọchiteanya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr Spills on Coldplay Tour + Gets a Magic Mike Surprise 😉✨ {{!}} Capital XTRA|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YYVnXml5zI&pp=ygUYQXlyYSBzdGFyciBiYmMgaW50ZXJ2aWV3|work=YouTube|accessdate=29 September 2025|date=2 September 2025}}</ref> E wezụga ihe ngosi ọnọdụ dị ka Porsche ya, Starr na-etinye ọchịchọ dị ka ike, echiche nke Le Monde Afrique kọwara dị ka "nchịkọta nke agụụ mmekọahụ. " OkayAfrica gosipụtara nkwenye ya na nnwere onwe nwanyị, ebe The49thStreet toro ike ya mana jụrụ ma ịdabere na ihe oyiyi agbụrụ nwere ike imecha chọọ mgbanwe. <ref name="LeMonderev">{{Cite news|title=Sensualité nigériane : la sélection musicale du " Monde Afrique " #241|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/09/26/sensualite-nigeriane-la-selection-musicale-du-monde-afrique-241_6643088_3212.html|accessdate=29 September 2025|work=[[Le monde]]|date=26 September 2025|language=fr}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/09/26/sensualite-nigeriane-la-selection-musicale-du-monde-afrique-241_6643088_3212.html "Sensualité nigériane : la sélection musicale du " Monde Afrique " #241"]. ''[[Le monde]]'' (in French). 26 September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref><ref name="Okaypost1">{{Cite web|author=Esomnofu|first=Emmanuel|title=The Best Afrobeats Songs Right Now: July 2025 Edition {{!}} OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/the-best-afrobeats-songs-right-now-july-2025-edition/799347|work=www.okayafrica.com|accessdate=29 September 2025|date=29 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="49thstreet">{{Cite web|author=Ikechi-Uko|first=Chinazam|title=Should Ayra Starr Rebrand, Or Have We Lost Our Minds To Nostalgia Brain Rot?|url=https://the49thstreet.com/should-ayra-starr-rebrand/|work=The49thStreet|accessdate=29 September 2025|date=2 September 2025}}</ref> == Mmeghachi omume == "Hot Body" nwetara otuto site n'aka ndị nkatọ egwu. Robin Murray nke Clash kọwara ya dị ka "ihe na-ere ọkụ, nke na-esi ísì ụtọ nke alt-pop," na-ekwu na mmepụta ihe dị n'etiti Afrobeats na R&B.<ref name="Clashmag">{{Cite news|author=Murray|first=Robin|title=Ayra Starr Releases New Sizzler 'Hot Body' {{!}} News|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/news/ayra-starr-releases-new-sizzler-hot-body/|accessdate=28 December 2025|work=Clash|date=25 July 2025}}</ref> N'ide maka kọlụm "Made in Africa" nke Rolling Stone, Mankaprr Conteh debere egwu ahụ n'ime oge ọdịbendị sara mbara, na-ele ya anya dị ka akụkụ nke "Summer of Sexy" na Afropop ma kpọọ egwu ahụ "strip tease of a song". Boluwati Adefeyemi nke The Native nabatara ntọhapụ ahụ dị ka "ihe na-atọ ụtọ n'oge okpomọkụ, na-eji olu Starr tụnyere "onye na-eme anwansi" <ref name="Rollingrev">{{Cite news|author=Conteh|first=Mankaprr|title=The Afropop Girls Making This Summer Sexy|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/made-in-africa-tyla-ayra-star-tyla-amaarae-1235397233/|accessdate=1 October 2025|work=Rolling Stone|date=31 July 2025}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFConteh2025">Conteh, Mankaprr (31 July 2025). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/made-in-africa-tyla-ayra-star-tyla-amaarae-1235397233/ "The Afropop Girls Making This Summer Sexy"]. ''Rolling Stone''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Sizzling">{{Cite news|author=Adeyemi|first=Boluwatife|title=Ayra Starr Releases Her Sizzling Anthem, “Hot Body”|url=https://thenativemag.com/ayra-starr-releases-her-sizzling-anthem-hot-body/|accessdate=28 December 2025|work=The NATIVE|date=25 July 2025}}</ref> Naomi Ezenwa nke Culture Custodian kwenyere na egwu ahụ nke onye Afropop mbụ kpaliri, na-ekwu na Starr "na-eme ka egwu ahụ pụta ìhè site n'ịkparịta ụka nke na-echetara onye bu ya ụzọ Tiwa Savage - nke mara mma, nke ziri ezi, mana nke na-atọ ụtọ mgbe niile." Ezenwa tokwara ikuku egwu ahụ, na-ede na ọ "na-eme ka abalị dị mmiri mmiri na ụda egwu dị jụụ, nke na-agwụ ike n'abalị." Rosheen Ansari nke New Wave Magazine nwekwara ekele maka mwepụta ahụ, na-atụ aka na "olu dị egwu, nke a na-eme ka ọ maa mma" nke Starr ma kpọọ ngwakọta nke ihe ndị ahụ "abụ egwu pop-dancehall zuru oke." Na nyocha nke afọ maka OkayAfrica, Emmanuel Esomnofu lere "Hot Body" anya dị ka ntọhapụ dị mkpa, na-ekwu na Starr "anọwo nso na egwu ahụ nke na-eduga ya site na kpakpando mara mma gaa na nke mba ụwa, 'Hot Body' na-akwalikwa ya n'ụzọ ahụ." Esomnofu toro "ọmarịcha, mara mma" ya ma jaa ya mma "ide egwu ya a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi mgbe niile.".<ref name="NewWavemag">{{Cite news|author=Ansari|first=Rosheen|title=Afrobeats Superstar Ayra Starr Turns Up the Heat with the Release of ‘Hot Body’ Music Video|url=https://www.newwavemagazine.com/single-post/afrobeats-superstar-ayra-starr-turns-up-the-heat-with-the-release-of-hot-body-music-video|accessdate=28 December 2025|work=newwavemagazine|date=14 September 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref name="esomnofu" /> === Ọnọdụ ngwụcha afọ === {| class="wikitable" |+Ọnọdụ ndị nkatọ na ngwụcha afọ nke "Hot Body" !Mbipụta !Ndepụta !Ọnọdụ !Ref. |- |''Ọ dị mma n'Africa'' |Abụ Afrobeats Kasị Mma nke 2025| {{n/a}} |<ref name="esomnofu">{{Cite web|date=December 2025|title=The Best Afrobeats Songs of 2025|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/the-best-afrobeats-songs-of-2025/1418892|accessdate=7 December 2025|work=OkayAfrica}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.okayafrica.com/the-best-afrobeats-songs-of-2025/1418892 "The Best Afrobeats Songs of 2025"]. ''OkayAfrica''. December 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> |- | rowspan="2" |''Nkume Na-agbagharị'' |100 Abụ Kasị Mma nke 2025 |{{Center|40}} | |- |Abụ Afropop 45 kacha mma nke 2025 |{{Center|11}} |<ref name="Afropop45">{{Cite news|title=The 45 Best Afropop Songs of 2025|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-afropop-songs-of-2025-1235487623/|accessdate=28 December 2025|work=Rolling Stone|date=27 December 2025}}</ref> |- |''Omenala Ndị Nlekọta'' |Abụ Afropop kacha mma nke 2025| {{n/a}} |<ref name="CultureCustody">{{Cite news|author=Emmanuel|first=Chibuzo|title=Best Afropop Songs of 2025|url=https://culturecustodian.com/best-afropop-songs-of-2025/|accessdate=27 December 2025|work=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.)|date=26 December 2025}}</ref> |- |Ebe Pop Base |Abụ ndị kachasị mma nke afọ 2025 |{{Center|34}} |<ref name="Pop Base">{{Cite web|title=Pop Base’s Top Songs of 2025|url=https://x.com/i/status/2005019856073359765|work=X|accessdate=28 December 2025}}</ref> |- |} == Vidio egwu == [[File:Ayra_Starr_-_Hot_Body_(music_video)_screenshot.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Starr na otu ụmụ nwanyị niile nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri n'ihe nkiri sitere na vidiyo egwu ahụ.]] Vidio egwu maka "Hot Body" bụ Claire Bishara duziri ma mee ya na Los Angeles. Ọ bụ Peter Famosa, Michael Onafowokan Jr na Richie Igunma mepụtara ya, Ronnie Hart na Pablo Pauldo na Isaiah Reid duziri.<ref name="Juicy" /> === Nkọwa === Vidio ahụ na-amalite site na foto ikuku nke mmiri mmiri mmiri na-acha odo odo na ahịhịa ndụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ tupu ọ kpughee nwoke na-agagharị na bọọdụ. N'otu usoro, otu nwanyị na-anọdụ ala n'ụsọ osimiri ájá na bikini na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'akụkụ redio, nke osisi nkwụ gbara gburugburu. Ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ na-agbanwe gaa n'ụgbọ mmiri okomoko, ebe Starr na-apụta n'elu ụgbọ mmiri na-eyi okpu onye isi ụgbọ mmiri na'elu okpu ọcha nke e ji ọlaedo chọọ mma na ụda kpakpando, tinyere elu ọcha. N'elu ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, ọ na-ehi ụra na uwe ọcha nke e ji eriri ọla edo chọọ mma n'akụkụ ndị ọrụ nwanyị niile na-eyi uwe ịsa ahụ; onye na-agba egwú na-eme ihe n'elu osisi n'azụ. Ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime ụgbọ mmiri na-egosi ya ka ọ na-agagharị n'elu osisi n'ime ụlọ ahụ. Usoro osimiri na-egosi Starr na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ sequined bikini n'elu na-acha pinki na purple sarong, na-agba egwu n'akụkụ osimiri. Ihe osise ndị dị n'elu na-ejide ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime ájá, na Starr na-eyi uwe mmiri na-acha ọcha nke ndị na-agba egwú ya gbara gburugburu. Vidio ahụ mechiri na Starr na-eme ihe na ndabere nke ọkọlọtọ Naijiria, na-eyi bikini na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke na-acha ọcha nke na-egosipụta agba ya. === Nnakwere === Hot Body malitere na YouTube na 5 Septemba 2025 ma gafee 100,000 n'ime awa ole na ole a tọhapụrụ ya, na-eru otu nde n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole. Ndị nkatọ kwuru na ihe ngosi ahụ dọtara n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na okomoko na ịma mma nke R&B na mmalite afọ 2000 na vidiyo hip-hop; <ref name="TheNativeRev">{{Cite web|author=Animashaun|first=Damilola|title=Best New Music: Ayra Starr Turns Youthful Swagger Into Sensual Elegance On "Hot Body"|url=https://thenativemag.com/best-new-music-ayra-starr-turns-youthful-swagger-into-sensual-elegance-on-hot-body/|work=[[The Native]]|accessdate=29 September 2025|date=30 July 2025}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnimashaun2025">Animashaun, Damilola (30 July 2025). [https://thenativemag.com/best-new-music-ayra-starr-turns-youthful-swagger-into-sensual-elegance-on-hot-body/ "Best New Music: Ayra Starr Turns Youthful Swagger Into Sensual Elegance On "Hot Body""]. ''[[The Native]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Sam nke Grape Juice gosipụtara nsọpụrụ a kpachaara anya nye "Rock the Boat" nke Aaliyah. <ref name="Juicy">{{Cite news|title=New Video: Ayra Starr – ‘Hot Body’|url=https://thatgrapejuice.net/2025/09/new-video-ayra-starr-hot-body/|accessdate=28 December 2025|work=..::That Grape Juice.net::.. - Thirsty?|date=5 September 2025|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://thatgrapejuice.net/2025/09/new-video-ayra-starr-hot-body/ "New Video: Ayra Starr – 'Hot Body'"]. ''..::That Grape Juice.net::.. - Thirsty?''. 5 September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Zaria Davis si Where Is The Buzz kọwara vidio ahụ dị ka "ihe omimi nke oge okpomọkụ," ebe ''Afrobeats Magazine'' dere na vidiyo ahụ jụrụ anya nwoke, kama na-egosi "ụmụ nwanyị na-enweta ike ahụ maka onwe ha, na-enye ha ìhè, ma na-edozi ụda maka ihe ike dị ka na 2025. " ''[[BellaNaija]]'' toro ya dị ka "ọmarịcha, enweghị mgbaghara, na nke Ayra Starr", na-akọwapụta ngosipụta ya nke "nchukwu, ịgba egwu, na nnwere onwe, na ememe enyi".<ref name="WITB">{{Cite news|author=Davis|first=Zaria|title=Ayra Starr Heats Up the Scene with “Hot Body” Music Video|url=https://whereisthebuzz.com/ayra-starr-heats-up-the-scene-with-hot-body-music-video/|accessdate=28 December 2025|work=Where Is The Buzz|date=6 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="AfrobeatsMag2">{{Cite news|title=Ayra Starr Turns Up The Heat With New “Hot Body” Music Video|url=https://afrobeatsmagazine.com/ayra-starr-hot-body-music-video-review/|accessdate=28 December 2025|work=Afrobeats Magazine|date=11 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="BNpost">{{Cite news|title=Ayra Starr’s “Hot Body” Video Will Make You Want to Book a Girls’ Trip Right Now|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/09/ayra-starr-hot-body-video/|accessdate=28 December 2025|work=BellaNaija|date=5 September 2025}}</ref> == Egwuregwu na-eme ihe nkiri == Starr gosipụtara "Hot Body" na 27 Julaị 2025 n'oge Coldplay's Music of the Spheres World Tour kwụsịrị na [[Twitter|X]]-link" data-linkid="300" href="./Miami" id="mwAV8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Miami">Miami.<ref name="Bellamiami">{{Cite news|title=Ayra Starr Took Over Coldplay’s Stage in Miami with “Hot Body”|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/07/ayra-starr-hot-body-coldplay/|accessdate=27 December 2025|work=BellaNaija|date=31 July 2025}}</ref> Chris Martin mere ka ọ mata ìgwè mmadụ ahụ, na-ekwu, sị: "Nke a bụ Ayra Starr si Naijiria. Ọ ga-abụ onye kachasị egwu n'ụwa n'oge na-adịghị anya. "Onye na-agba bọọlụ [[Lionel Messi]] na nwunye ya Antonela Roccuzzo bịara; Starr mechara dee na X: "M mere Hot Body n'elu ikpo okwu na Coldplay!! Na Messi nọ n'etiti ndị na-ege ntị. " N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2025, ọ kụrụ egwu ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke abụ anọ a na Notting Hill Carnival na Rampage.<ref name="NJOcold">{{Cite news|author=Clifford|first=Elizabeth|title=Ayra Starr shines at Coldplay’s Miami concert with a surprise moment|url=https://notjustok.com/news/ayra-starr-shines-at-coldplays-miami-concert-with-a-surprise-moment/|accessdate=27 December 2025|work=NotjustOk|date=28 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="Nottinghill">{{Cite news|title=Ayra Starr Surprises Notting Hill Carnival 2025 with ‘Hot Body’ & More|url=https://thatgrapejuice.net/2025/08/ayra-starr-surprises-notting-hill-carnival-2025-with-hot-body-more/|accessdate=27 December 2025|work=..::That Grape Juice.net::.. - Thirsty?|date=25 August 2025|language=en}}</ref> Na 27 Septemba 2025, Starr mere "Hot Body" na Global Citizen Festival na Central Park, New York City, n'ihu ndị na-ege ntị karịrị 60,000.<ref name="GlobalCitizen">{{Cite news|author=Adegoke|first=Simisolaoluwa|title=Ayra Starr and Tyla Lead Africa’s Charge at Global Citizen Festival 2025|url=https://afromixx.com/ayra-starr-and-tyla-lead-africas-charge-at-global-citizen-festival-2025/|accessdate=27 December 2025|work=Afromixx|date=1 October 2025}}</ref> Abụ ahụ pụtara n'akụkụ "Gimme Dat", "Goodbye (Warm Up) ", "Sability", na "[[Rush]]"; o ji mashup nke "All the Love" na "Strawberry Swing" nke Coldplay mechie.<ref name="MixtapeMadness">{{Cite news|author=Marwood|first=Harvey|title=Ayra Starr lights up global citizen festival stage|url=https://www.mixtapemadness.com/blog/news/ayra-starr-lights-up-global-citizen-festival-stage|accessdate=27 December 2025|work=Mixtape Madness|date=28 September 2025|language=en}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'uhuruchi ahụ, ọ laghachiri n'elu ikpo okwu na [[Rema (musician)|Rema]] dị ka onye ọbịa a na-atụghị anya ya, na-eme "Rush", "Calm Down", na "Baby (Is It a Crime) "; ha abụọ wee gwa ìgwè mmadụ ka ha bulie ọkụ ekwentị ha iji [[Sability|Nkwado]] ịnweta ike gafee Africa, otu n'ime atụmatụ ndị bụ isi nke emume ahụ.<ref name="StarrGlobal">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfi|first=Marco|title=Ayra Starr electrifies Global Citizen Festival with surprise Rema performance|url=https://www.music-news.com/news/UK/184533/Ayra-Starr-electrifies-Global-Citizen-Festival-with-surprise-Rema-performance|accessdate=27 December 2025|work=Music-News.com|date=28 September 2025}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2025, Starr gosipụtara "Hot Body" na Tidal Rave Festival na Ghana; ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi kọwara ya dị ka otu n'ime oge ndị pụtara ìhè nke ihe omume ahụ, na-eto olu ya na ihe nkiri ya.<ref name="TooxClusive">{{Cite news|author=Umanah|first=Peace|title=Ayra Starr Shuts Down Tidal Rave With Electric Hot Body Performance|url=https://tooxclusive.com/news/ayra-starr-tidal-rave-hot-body-performance/|accessdate=27 December 2025|work=TooXclusive|date=17 November 2025}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na ndị ọrụ == Ihe nrite sitere na Tidal.<ref name="Tidalservice">{{Cite web|title=Ayra Starr - Hot Body|url=https://tidal.com/album/448783199/credits|work=Tidal|accessdate=28 December 2025|language=en|date=25 July 2025}}</ref> * Oyinkansola Sarah Aderibigbe - edemede abụ, ihe osise * Nkwa Ekpe - ide egwu, ihe osise * Ikechukwu Clinton Nnaemeka - ihe osise * Keven Wolfsohn - ihe osise * Paul Bogumil Goller - ihe osise * Iwe - mmepụta * Ihe Ndị E ji emepụta ihe * [[Johnny Drille]] - ngwakọta, njikwa == Chaatị ==   == asambodo == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |+asambodo maka "Hot Body" ! scope="col" |Ógbè ! scope="col" |asambodo ! scope="col" |Ngwongwo ndị a kwadoro |- ! scope="row" |Naịjirịa (TCSN) |Platinum |100,000‡ |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |‡ Ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịa + mgbasa ozi dabere na asambodo naanị. |} == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ibxmityuq9v1oxtu5atfzzet42aeruc 0 74368 692583 687137 2026-07-30T10:50:51Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692583 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Germaine_Greer,_June_1972_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Greer na June 1972]] [[Faịlụ:Germaine Greer, 28 October 2013 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Germaine Greer]] '''Germaine Greer''' (/ɡrɪər/; amụrụ na 29 Jenụwarị 1939) bụ onye edemede Australia na onye ọgụgụ isi ọha na eze, nke a na-ewere dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi olu nke usoro ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ na ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20. N'ịbụ onye ọkachamara na akwụkwọ Bekee na nke ụmụ nwanyị, Greer enweela ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ na England na Mahadum Warwick na Newnham College, Cambridge, na United States na Mahadim Tulsa. Ọ malitere ibi na UK na 1964, ma site na 1990s ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, kewara oge ya n'etiti Queensland, Australia, na ụlọ ya na Essex, England.[2] Echiche Greer emeela ka esemokwu malite n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya, The Female Eunuch (1970), mere ka ọ bụrụ aha a ma ama. Akwụkwọ kacha ere ahịa n'ụwa niile na ederede na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime [[Òtù ụmụ nwanyị]], ọ na-enye usoro nhazi nke echiche dịka ịbụ nwanyị na ịbụ nwanyị, na-arụ ụka na a manyere ụmụ nwanyị ka ha rụọ ọrụ nrubeisi na ọha mmadụ iji mezuo nrọ ụmụ nwoke banyere ihe ịbụ nwanyị gụnyere. [5] Ọrụ Greer na-esote lekwasịrị anya na akwụkwọ, ụmụ nwanyị, na gburugburu ebe obibi. O dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 20, gụnyere Sex and Destiny (1984), The Change (1991), The Whole Woman (1999), na The Boy (2003). Akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2013 White Beech: The Rainforest Years na-akọwa mbọ ọ na-agba iji weghachite mpaghara mmiri ozuzo na Numinbah Valley na Australia. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na ime ihe ike, ọ bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka The Sunday Times, ''The Guardian'', The Daily Telegraph, The Spectator, The Independent, na The ''Oldie'', n'etiti ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Buchanan7Jan2018">{{Cite web|author=Buchanan|first=Rachel|title=Why it's time to acknowledge Germaine Greer, journalist|url=https://theconversation.com/why-its-time-to-acknowledge-germaine-greer-journalist-88958|work=The Conversation|date=7 January 2018}}</ref> Greer bụ nnwere onwe (ma ọ bụ nke siri ike) karịa onye na-ahụ maka ịha nhata. [a] Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya abụghị ịha nhata na ụmụ nwoke, nke ọ na-ahụ dị ka mmetọ na "ịkwado ibi ndụ nke ụmụ nwoke na-enweghị nnwere onwe". "Nnapụta ụmụ nwanyị", ka o dere na The Whole Woman (1999), "ahụghị ikike nwanyị ahụ n'ihe gbasara nwoke n'ezie. "Ọ na-ekwu na nnwere onwe bụ maka ikwusi ike ọdịiche na "ịkwado ya dị ka ọnọdụ nke nkọwa onwe na mkpebi onwe onye". Ọ bụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị "ịkọwa ụkpụrụ nke ha, hazie ihe ndị ha ga-ebute ụzọ ma kpebie ọdịnihu nke ha". [b] === Melbourne === [[Faịlụ:Elwood_beach_and_Melbourne_skyline.jpg|thumb|Ụsọ mmiri Elwood A na-ahụ ihu igwe Ebe etiti obodo Melbourne n'ebe dị anya.]] A mụrụ Germaine Greer na 29 Jenụwarị 1939 na Melbourne n'ezinụlọ ndị Katọlik, okenye nke ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ sochiri nwa nwoke. Nna ya kpọrọ onwe ya Eric Reginald ("Reg") Greer; ọ gwara ya na a mụrụ ya na South Africa, mana ọ matara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na a mụrụ Robert Hamilton King na Launceston, Tasmania.[10] Ọ mụtakwara na a kpọrọ ya Robert Henry Eric Ernest Hambert . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Greer|first=Germaine|date=1989|title=Daddy, We Hardly Knew You|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=62iHDwAAQBAJ&q=Daddy+we+hardly+knew+you|location=New York|publisher=Fawcett Columbine|isbn=0449905616}}</ref> Ya na nne ya, Margaret ("Peggy") May Lafrank, lụrụ na Machị 1937; Reg ghọrọ onye Katọlik tupu agbamakwụkwọ ahụ. Peggy bụ onye na-ere akwụkwọ akụkọ na Reg bụ onye na'ere akwụkwọ akụkọ.[13] [c] N'agbanyeghị ọzụzụ Katọlik ya na Mmegide ndị Juu nke nna ya, Greer kwenyesiri ike na nna ya bụ onye Juu na nzuzo. O kwenyere na nne nne ya bụ nwanyị onye Juu aha ya bụ Rachel Weiss, mana ọ kwetara na o nwere ike ịbụ na o mere nke a site na "oké ọchịchọ ịbụ onye Juu. " N'agbanyeghị na ọ maghị ma o nwere ndị nna nna ndị Juu ọ bụla, Greer "dị ka ọ bụ onye Juu" wee malite itinye aka na obodo ndị Juu. Ọ mụtara Yiddish, sonye n'òtù ihe nkiri ndị Juu, ma soro ndị Juu na-akpa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Greer|first=Germaine|date=1989|title=Daddy, We Hardly Knew You|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=62iHDwAAQBAJ&q=Daddy+we+hardly+knew+you|location=New York|publisher=Fawcett Columbine|isbn=0449905616}}</ref> Ezinụlọ ahụ biri na Elwood nke dị na Melbourne, na mbụ n'ụlọ a na-akwụ ụgwọ na Docker Street, nso osimiri, mgbe ahụ n'ụlọ ọzọ a na-agbazite na Esplanade.[16] Na Jenụwarị 1942 nna Greer sonyeere ndị agha nke abụọ nke Australian Imperial Force; mgbe ọ zụchara ọzụzụ na Royal Australian Air Force, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ciphers maka ndị agha British Royal Air Force na Egypt na [[Malta]]. Greer gara St Columba's Catholic Primary School na Elwood site na Febụwarị 1943 - ezinụlọ ahụ bi na 57 Ormond Road, Elwood - Sacred Heart Parish School, Sandringham, na Holy Redeemer School, Ripponlea sochiri ya.[18] Na 1952, Greer debanyere aha na Star of the Sea College na Gardenvale, ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Sisters of the Presentation of the Holy Virgin Mary na-agba. Ọ bụ ebe a ka Greer kwuru na a kpọbatara ya na nka na egwu. N'afọ ahụ, e gosipụtara ihe osise ya na ngalaba nke iri na anọ nke ihe ngosi nka ụmụaka na Tye's Gallery, nke Archbishọp Mannix meghere.[1] Akụkọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kọwara ya dị ka "obere ihe na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-enwe nsogbu nke nwere iwe na onye na-akparị onwe ya", ọ bụkwa ebe ahụ ka Greer bụ nkà na-arị elu; na mgbakwunye na Bekee, Greer gụrụ akwụkwọ na European ọmụmụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, na n'ule ikpeazụ ya, ọ nwetara akara kacha elu na steeti.[2][20] Greer lere anya azụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata dị ka "ihe ncheta na-adịte aka" ma kwuo na ọ bụ ike anụ ahụ na nke uche nke ndị mụrụ ya bụ ndị mere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eme ihe ngosi.[2] Otu afọ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Greer Brand, bụ ebe ọ na-agụcha akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Berkeley, bụ onye nọn maka Ụka Katọlik.[22]. Ọ hapụrụ ụlọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na-arụ ọrụ. Ya na nne ya nwere nzụlite siri ike, onye, dị ka Greer si kwuo, nwere ike inwe Asperger. N'afọ 2012, o kwuru na nwanne ya nwoke enweghị ike ịgbaghara ya maka "ịhapụ" ha, mana ya enwebeghị ike imere nwanne ya nwoke, "onye m na-akpọ onye ọzọ n'ụwa"[1]. [[Faịlụ:Old_Arts_Building._Parkville_Campus_of_University_of_Melbourne_(cropped).JPG|thumb|Ụlọ Old Arts, Mahadum MelbourneMahadum nke Melbourne]] Site na 1956 Greer gụrụ asụsụ Bekee na French na akwụkwọ na Mahadum Melbourne na agụmakwụkwọ nke Mahadum Onye Nkụzi, na-ebi n'ụlọ maka afọ abụọ mbụ na ego nke £ 8 kwa izu. 1.8 mita (6 ụkwụ) n'ogologo mgbe ọ dị afọ 16, ọ bụ onye dị ịrịba ama. "Onye ogologo, onye na-enweghị ụkwụ na onye na-eme ihe ọchị, ọ na-agagharị na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, na-ama na a na-ekwu ọtụtụ ihe banyere ya", dị ka onye nta akụkọ Peter Blazey, onye ya na Melbourne dịkọrọ ndụ. N'afọ mbụ ya, a gwọrọ Greer n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'oge na-adịghị anya maka ịda mbà n'obi.[26] Ọ gwara magazin ''Playboy'', n'ajụjụ ọnụ e bipụtara na 1972, na e dinara ya n'ike mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ nke abụọ na mahadum, ahụmahụ ọ kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ''The Guardian'' na Machị 1995. <ref name="Greer20March1995">{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=20 March 1995|title=The refusal to be bowed by brutality|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, Greer wepụrụ afọ ime mgbe mmekọrịta ya mebiri ma kọwaa oge ahụ dị ka "annus horribilis".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jeremy Isaacs 1995 interview with Germaine Greer|work=[[YouTube]]|date=24 May 2022|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R02LPPS5Lq0}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:(1)_Royal_George_Hotel.JPG|thumb|Royal George Hotel, Sydney, 2010]] Obere oge tupu ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Melbourne na 1959 na nke abụọ dị elu, ọ kwagara Sydney, ebe ọ sonyeere Sydney Push na ndị anarchist Sydney Libertarians. "[Ndị a kwuru banyere eziokwu na naanị eziokwu", ka o kwuru, "na-ekwusi ike na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe anyị kpughere n'ụbọchị ahụ bụ echiche, nke bụ otu okwu maka ụgha - ma ọ bụ ihe nzuzu, dịka ha na-akpọ ya. " Ha ga-ezukọ n'ime ụlọ azụ nke Royal George Hotel na Sussex Street.[30] Clive James so n'òtù ahụ n'oge ahụ. Otu n'ime ndị na-ede akụkọ ndụ Greer, Christine Wallace, dere na Greer "na-abanye na Royal George Hotel, n'ime ìgwè mmadụ na-ekwu onwe ha n'ime ụlọ na-esi ísì biya ochie ma jupụta na anwụrụ sịga, wee malite ịgbaso ụzọ ndụ Push, 'ịdọ aka ná ntị siri ike nke m manyere m ịmụta'". Greer echerela onwe ya dị ka onye anarchist n'amaghị ihe mere o ji dọta ya; site na Push, ọ matara akwụkwọ anarchist.[31] O nwere mmekọrịta dị mkpa n'òtù ahụ na Harry Hooton na Roelof Smilde, ha abụọ bụ ndị a ma ama.[32] Ya na Smilde bi n'otu ụlọ na Glebe Point Road, mana mmekọrịta ahụ adịteghị aka; dị ka Wallace si kwuo, echiche Push nke "ịhụnanya nweere onwe ya" gụnyere ịjụ nnwere onwe na ekworo, nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ihu ọma ụmụ nwoke. Mgbe mmekọrịta ya na Smilde kwụsịrị, Greer debanyere aha na Mahadum Sydney iji mụọ Byron, ebe, Clive James dere, ọ ghọrọ "onye a ma ama maka ire ọjọọ ya. [34][35] Otu n'ime ndị enyi ya n'ebe ahụ, Arthur Dignam, kwuru na ọ "bụ naanị nwanyị anyị zutere n'oge ahụ nke nwere ike iji obi ike, n'ụzọ dị mfe ma na-atọ ọchị mee ka ndị ikom daa".[36] Ọ malitere itinye aka na ime ihe nkiri na Sydney ma mee Mother Courage na Mother Courage and Her Children n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1963.[37] N'afọ ahụ, e nyere ya MA nke mbụ maka edemede akpọrọ "The Development of Byron's Satiric Mode", wee were nhọpụta na Sydney dị ka onye nkuzi dị elu na Bekee, yana ọfịs dị n'akụkụ Stephen Knight na ụlọ Carslaw nke mahadum.[38] "O doro anya na ọ bụ ezigbo onye nkuzi", ka o kwuru. "Na otu n'ime ndị nkuzi kachasị mma - otu n'etiti mmadụ ole na ole nwere ike inye iwu na Wallace Lecture Theatre, ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ 600 ya. O nwere ụdị àgwà histrionic nke dị nnọọ ịrịba ama, gbakwunyere na ezigbo agụmakwụkwọ ya".[39] [[Faịlụ:Newnham_College,_Cambridge,_March_2008.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Newnham College, Cambridge]] MA meriri Greer a Commonwealth Scholarship, nke o ji kwado ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na Mahadum Cambridge, rutere n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1964 na Newnham College, kọleji naanị ụmụ nwanyị.[40] [[Samuel Louis Goldberg|Sam Goldberg]], onye Leavisite, onye bụ Challis Chair of English Literature na Sydney kemgbe 1963 gbara ya ume ịpụ na Sydney.[41] Na mbido ịbanye na ọmụmụ BA na Cambridge - agụmakwụkwọ ya gaara enye ya ohere mezue ya n'ime afọ abụọ - Greer jisiri ike gbanwee mgbe oge mbụ ("site n'ike nke arụmụka", dị ka Clive James si kwuo) gaa na mmemme PhD iji mụọ [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], nke Anne Barton, onye a maara mgbe ahụ dị ka Anne Righter, lekọtara. O kwuru na ọ gbanwere n'ihi na ọ "chọtara na ha agaghị akụzi ihe ọ bụla".[her][43] Muriel Bradbrook, nwanyị mbụ bụ Prọfesọ nke Bekee na Cambridge, mere ka Greer mụọ Shakespeare; Bradbrook lekọtara PhD Barton.[44] Cambridge bụ ebe siri ike maka ụmụ nwanyị. Dị ka Christine Wallace si kwuo, otu nwa akwụkwọ Newnham kọwara di ya na-anata akwụkwọ oriri na 1966 site na Christ's College nke nyere ohere "Ndị inyom na-abanye naanị maka sherry".[46] Lisa Jardine zutere Greer na nri abalị na Newnham. Onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ rịọrọ ka a gbachie nkịtị maka okwu. "Ka ọgba aghara na-agbadata, otu onye nọgidere na-ekwu okwu, na-etinye onwe ya na mkparịta ụka ya iji chọpụta":<blockquote>Na tebụl ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Germaine ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-akọwa na ọ gaghị enwe nnwere onwe maka ụmụ nwanyị, n'agbanyeghị etu ha gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma, ọ bụrụhaala na achọrọ anyị ka anyị tinye ara anyị n'ime brọsh ndị e wuru dị ka obere Vesuvius, abụọ a dụkọtara ọnụ, na-acha ọcha, nke na-enweghị ihe yiri ahụ nwanyị. N'afọ ofufo, ọ na-enwe obi erughị ala nke ndị isi afọ iri isii, ka o ji ike kwuo, bụ ihe nnọchianya jọgburu onwe ya nke mmegbu nwoke.</blockquote>Ozugbo ọ bịarutere, Greer nyochara (ya na Clive James, onye ọ maara site na Sydney Push) maka ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme ihe nkiri, Footlights, n'ime ụlọ klọb ya na Falcon Yard n'elu ụlọ ahịa Mac Fisheries. Ha mere ihe osise nke ọ bụ Noël Coward na ya bụ Gertrude Lawrence.[48] Na-esonyere n'otu ụbọchị ahụ James na Russell Davies, Greer bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ a nabatara dị ka onye otu zuru oke, tinyere Sheila Buhr na Hilary Walston. <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="308" href="./Tim_Brooke-Taylor" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tim Brooke-Taylor">Tim Brooke-Taylor]],<nowiki><ref>Boston, Richard (3 June 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/jun/03/cambridge-footlights-comedy-university \"From the archive, 3 June 1983: Cambridge Footlights celebrate 100 years of comedy\"], ''The Guardian''.</ref></nowiki> and to <nowiki>[[Eric Idle]]</nowiki>, the Footlights president."}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="cite_ref-55" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:Extension/ref">[./Germaine_Greer#cite_note-55 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> The Cambridge News bu akụkọ banyere ya na Nọvemba 1964, na-ezo aka na ụmụ nwanyị dị ka "ụmụ agbọghọ atọ". Nzaghachi Greer maka nnabata ya bụ: "Ebe a na-eji ndị na-agba ọsọ na-awụli elu. Ị nwere ike ịnwe ya n'onwe gị. " O sonyere na revue ya nke 1965, My Girl Herbert, ya na Eric Idle (onye isi oche Footlights), John Cameron, Christie Davies na John Grillo.[53][50]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.footlights.org/past/1965|title=Cambridge Footlights: Year ending 1965|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104112941/http://www.footlights.org/past/1965|archivedate=4 January 2006}}</ref> Otu onye nkatọ chọpụtara "nwa agbọghọ Australia nke nwere ikike okike iji gosipụta olu ya".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Footlights at 120: A history of Footlights|url=http://www.footlights.org:80/history|publisher=Cambridge Footlights|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104103517/http://www.footlights.org/history|archivedate=4 January 2006|accessdate=26 August 2020}}</ref> Ndị ọzọ so na Footlights mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ gụnyere Tim Brooke-Taylor, John Cleese, Peter Cook na David Frost.[56] [[Faịlụ:Cmglee_Cambridge_Friar_House_from_The_Eagle.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Greer biri n'ọnụ ụlọ dị n'akụkụ Clive James na Friar House (ụlọ ọcha), Bene't Street, Cambridge.]]   Greer dechara Ph.D. na Calabria, Italy, bụ ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkụ azụ n'ime obodo nwere olulu mmiri na ọkụ eletrik. Njem ahụ yiri nke enyi ya bụ́ Emilio, ma nwoke ahụ gosiri Greer akwụkwọ ya bụ nwoke na-asa ahụ́ n’olulu mmiri tupu chi ọbụbọ, na-eyikwa uwe ojii na akpụkpọ ụkwụ.[1] Enyere ya PhD na Mee 1968 maka edemede ya The Ethic of Love and Marriage in Shakespeare's Early Comedies. [59] Greer - onye na-asụ ma ọ bụ na-agụ Latin, Greek oge ochie, Italian, French, German, na Spanish [2] - dọtara mmasị dị iche iche nke European Renaissance comedies na-arụ ụka na Shakespeare na-emeso ihe ọchị na-enye ozi dị iche na akwụkwọ ndị Europe. [3] Ahụmahụ nke onwe ya ezughị iji kọwaa ihe omume ahụ. "Enyefere m ndụ m niile maka okike, na-eme ike m niile ime ihe ga-atọ ndị ọzọ ụtọ, m ga-agakwa n'ihu ruo mgbe m ruru n'elu, wee leghachi anya azụ ma nwee mmasị na naanị onwe m"[62]. Nwanyị ọnaozi ahụ na-adabere nke ukwuu na agụmakwụkwọ ''Shakespeare'' nke Greer, ọkachasị mgbe ọ na-atụle akụkọ ihe mere eme nke alụmdi na nwunye na mbedo. N'afọ 1986, Oxford University Press bipụtara akwụkwọ ya Shakespeare dị ka akụkụ nke usoro Past Masters, na 2007 Bloomsbury bipụtara ọmụmụ ya banyere Anne Hathaway, Shakespeare's Wife.[63] == Ọrụ mmalite na edemede == === Ozizi, alụmdi na nwunye na telivishọn === Site na 1968 ruo 1972, Greer rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na Mahadum Warwick na Coventry, ya na di mbụ ya na Leamington Spa nwere nwamba abụọ na kilogram 300. [1] [65] Na 1968 ọ mụrụ akwụkwọ mbụ ya, Paul, na mgbakwunye na ime ihe, dere akwụkwọ 300. [1] King's College London English, onye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ewu ụlọ, n'ụlọ dị na Portobello Road, London, mgbe obere oge gasịrị na Paddington Register Office, na-eji mgbanaka sitere na ụlọ akụ. [2] [65] Du Feu alụọla nwunye wee mụọ ụmụ nwoke abụọ, gbara afọ 14 na 16, ya na di mbụ ya. [67] === ''Oz'' na Suck''Ịṅụ'' === [[Faịlụ:Oz_magazine,_issue_19,_early_1969.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Greer na mkpuchi nke magazin ''Oz'', mmalite 1969, ya na Vivian Stanshall nke Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah BandÒtù Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah]] Greer malitere ide kọlụm dị ka "Dr. G" maka magazin ''Oz'', nke Richard Neville, onye ọ zutere na oriri na Sydney.[74] E mechiri Australian ''Oz'' na 1963 mgbe ọnwa atọ gasịrị ma maa ndị nchịkọta akụkọ ikpe maka okwu rụrụ arụ, e mesịa gbanwee ha. Neville na onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya, Martin Sharp, kwagara London ma guzobe ''Oz'' n'ebe ahụ. Mgbe Neville zutere Greer ọzọ, ọ tụrụ aro ka o dee maka ya, nke dugara na edemede ya na mbipụta mbụ na 1967, "In Bed with the English".[75] Keith Morris sere ya foto ("Dr G, naanị onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwere PhD n'agbụ") maka mbipụta 19 na mbido 1969; ihe oyiyi ojii na-acha ọcha gụnyere otu n'ime ihe ndị ọ na-ese maka mkpuchi ya na Vivian Stanshall na nke ọzọ nke ọ na-eme ka ọ na-akpọ ụbọ .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Photographs|date=30 August 2017|url=https://digitised-collections.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/191793|publisher=Germaine Greer Archive, University of Melbourne|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003194325/https://digitised-collections.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/191793|archivedate=3 October 2018|author=Greer|first=Germaine}}</ref> Mbipụta July 1970, ''''Oz'' 29'', gosipụtara "Germaine Greer knits private parts", isiokwu sitere na Oz's Needlework Correspondent na aka na-akpụ akpụ Keep it Warm Cock Sock, "a snug corner for a chilly prick". Dị ka "Rose Blight", o dekwara kọlụm n'ubi maka Private Eye.[78] N'afọ 1969, Greer so guzobe magazin na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ nke dị na Amsterdam, Suck: The First European Sex Paper (1969-1974), ya na Bill Daley, Jim Haynes, William Levy, Heathcote Williams na Jean Shrimpton, ebumnuche ya bụ ịmepụta "ihe ọhụrụ na-akpụ agụụ mmekọahụ nke ga-eme ka ahụ nwoke na nke nwanyị ghara ịdị mma". Akụkọ na-ekwu na mbipụta mbụ ahụ bụ ihe na-akpasu iwe nke na Special Branch wakporo ọfịs ya na London na Arts Lab na Drury Lane ma mechie adreesị postbox ya.<ref name="suck">{{Cite book|title=Suck, the first European sex magazine|oclc=810282005}}</ref>[80] Dị ka Beatrice Faust si kwuo, Suck bipụtara "ihe omimi SM nke na-asọ ụmụ nwanyị asị", gụnyere ihe osise mkpuchi, maka mbipụta 7, nke nwoke na-ejide "nwaanyị na-eti mkpu na ụkwụ ya n'ikuku ka onye ọzọ dinara ya n'ike".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Faust|first=Beatrice|authorlink=Beatrice Faust|title=Grab-bag of Germaine ideas|work=The Age|date=20 December 1986|page=137}}</ref> Otu n'ime ndị na-ede akụkọ ndụ Greer, Elizabeth Kleinhenz, dere na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na-emebi iwu maka Suck, gụnyere nkọwa nke mmetọ ụmụaka, mmekọahụ na anụmanụ.[80] Akụkụ Greer, "Sucky Fucky" nke "Earth Rose", gụnyere ndụmọdụ nye ụmụ nwanyị banyere otu esi elekọta akụkụ ahụ ha na otu ha kwesịrị isi detụ ihe ha na-eme n'ahụ ha.[82][83] O bipụtara aha enyi ya, onye ọ maara site n'oge ya na Sydney Push na onye o mechara nyefee The Female Eunuch: "Onye ọ bụla chọrọ inwe mmekọahụ n'ìgwè na New York ma nwee mmasị na ụmụ agbọghọ buru ibu, kpọtụrụ Lillian Roxon. " N'oge mmemme ihe nkiri Amsterdam nke afọ 1970 nke Suck haziri, ndị ọka ikpe, nke gụnyere Greer, nyere Bodil Joensen ihe nrite mbụ maka ihe nkiri nke nwanyị na ụmụ anụmanụ nwere mmekọahụ. [85] Suck weghachiri otu ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Greer (nke mbụ e bipụtara na ''Screw'', magazin ọzọ na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ), nke akpọrọ "Abụ m akwụna". &nbsp; N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-etinye aka na Suck, Greer gwara Robert Greenfield nke Rolling Stone na Jenụwarị 1971 na ọ bụ onye na-enwe mmasị na Redstockings, otu ụmụ nwanyị siri ike nke Ellen Willis na [[Shulamith Firestone]] guzobere na New York na Jenụwaị 1969. N'ịbụ onye ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị katọrọ maka itinye aka na Suck, na Mee 1971 ọ gwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ maka ''Screw'': Greer kewara na Suck na 1972 mgbe ọ bipụtara foto ya gba ọtọ na-edina ala na ụkwụ ya n'ubu ya na ihu ya na-ele anya n'etiti apata ụkwụ ya.<ref name="ifeminists">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifeminists.net/introduction/editorials/2004/1215cook.html|title=Encounters with Germaine Greer|first=Dana|author=Cook|date=15 December 2004|work=ifeminists.com}}</ref> E zigara foto ahụ na nghọta na a ga-ebipụta foto ndị gba ọtọ nke ndị nchịkọta akụkọ niile n'akwụkwọ gbasara mmemme ihe nkiri.[90] Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm, na-ebo ndị nchịkọta akụkọ ndị ọzọ ebubo na ha bụ "ndị na-emegide mgbanwe". <ref name="suck">{{Cite book|title=Suck, the first European sex magazine|oclc=810282005}}</ref> Greer mechara kwuo na ebumnuche ya n'ịbanye na bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ bụ ịnwa ịdọpụ Suck na ihe nkiri na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ.[91] === Nwaanyị ọnaozi (1970) === {{Reflist|26em}} N'ịkọwa ihe mere o ji chọọ ide akwụkwọ ahụ, nkọwa ahụ gara n'ihu: "Nke mbụ, echere m na ọ bụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ mmehie m n'ịbụ nwanne nna Tom na mmekọahụ m. Anaghị m amasị ụmụ nwanyị. O yikarịrị ka m na-ekere òkè na nlelị niile na-enweghị mgbalị na amaghị ihe ndị ikom na-awụ ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ahụ, ọ kọwara 21 Eprel 1969 dị ka "ụbọchị akwụkwọ m malitere n'onwe ya, Janis Joplin na-abụ abụ n'ụtụtụ anyị na Albert Hall. "Stubo ụnyaahụ bụ Strumpet Voluntary - gịnị ka ọ ga-akụkọ anyị ga-eme ka ọ ga - anyị ga-agụ akwụkwọ Morning" <ref name="Bell31July1969">{{Cite news|author=Bell|first=Lynne|title=Doctor who refuses to be type-cast|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=31 July 1969|page=19}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwanyị ahụ ga-emecha taa ka ọ ga[98] N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1970, o bipụtara otu edemede na ''Oz'', "The Slag-Heap Erupts", nke nyere echiche ya n'ọdịnihu, ya bụ na ụmụ nwanyị ga-ata ụta maka mmegbu nke ha. "Ndị ikom anaghị amasị ụmụ nwanyị n'ezie", ka o dere, "nke ahụ bụkwa n'ezie ihe mere ha anaghị eji ha eme ihe. Ụmụ nwanyị anaghị amasị ha n'ezie, ha onwe ha nwekwara ike ịdabere n'iji ụmụ nwoke mee ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị. " Ọtụtụ ndị inyom Britain, gụnyere Angela Carter, Sheila Rowbotham na Michelene Wandor, jiri iwe zaghachi. [99][100] Wandor dere nzaghachi na ''Oz'', "Na njedebe nke Servile Penitude: Nzaghachi nye ike Germaine", na-ekwu na Greer na-ede banyere òtù ụmụ nwanyị nke ọ na-arụ ọrụ ọ bụla na nke ọ maghị ihe ọ bụla.[101] [[File:Female_Eunuch_cover.jpeg|thumb|Christine Wallace kpọrọ mkpuchi Paladin, nke John Holmes mepụtara, otu n'ime "ihe oyiyi a na-ahụ anya na mbipụta mgbe agha gasịrị".[102]]] nke na-eleghara anya"): [128] na oriri nke ndị editọ si ''Oz'' bịara, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Tweedie|first=Jill|title=Goodbye love|work=The Guardian|date=28 September 1970|page=9}}; {{Cite news|author=Lyndon|first=Neil|authorlink=Neil Lyndon|title=Shooting down The Female Eunuch|url=https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/shooting-down-the-female-eunuch-d75bkm2t9jz|work=The Sunday Times|date=10 October 2010}}.</ref> MacGibbon & Kee bipụtara The Female Eunuch na UK na 12 Ọktoba 1970, raara ya nye Lillian Roxon na ụmụ nwanyị anọ ndị ọzọ.[103] Mbipụta mbụ nke 2 + 1⁄2 puku rere n'ụbọchị mbụ.<ref name="Byrne1986">{{Cite news|title=Germaine Greer on Marriage, Children And Society|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2016/1021/825887-germaine-greer-and-the-female-eunuch/|work=The Late Late Show|publisher=RTÉ|date=24 October 1986}}</ref> N'ikwu na ezinụlọ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ, ndị na-azụ ahịa, ndị na'ezinụlọ nuklia na-egbochi ma na-eme ka ụmụ nwanyị bụrụ ndị na-ere ahịa, akwụkwọ ahụ ghọrọ akwụkwọ kachasị mma na mba ụwa na ederede na-agbanwe agbanwe na òtù ụmụ nwanyị.[5] Dị ka Greer si kwuo, McGraw-Hill kwụrụ $ 29,000 maka ikike America na Bantam $ 135,000 maka akwụkwọ mpịakọta. Mbipụta Bantam kpọrọ Greer "Saucy feminist nke ọbụna ụmụ nwoke na-amasị", na-ehota magazin Life, na akwụkwọ "#1: okwu kachasị na nnwere onwe mmekọahụ".[107] Ọchịchọ dị ukwuu mgbe mbụ e bipụtara ya na a ga-ebipụtaghachi ya kwa ọnwa, ma ọ dịghị mgbe a kwụsịrị ibipụta ya.[108] Wallace dere banyere otu nwanyị nke fụchiri ya na akwụkwọ na-acha nchara nchara ma zoo ya n'okpuru akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya, n'ihi na di ya agaghị ekwe ka ọ gụọ ya.[109] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1998, ọ rere ihe karịrị otu nde na UK naanị. <ref name="McCann25Feb1998">{{Cite news|author=McCann|first=Paul|title=Greer paid pounds 1/2m for new 'Female Eunuch'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/greer-paid-pounds-12m-for-new-female-eunuch-1146787.html|work=The Independent|date=25 February 1998}}</ref>  Afọ 1970 bụ ihe dị mkpa maka feminism nke abụọ. N'ọnwa Febụwarị, ụmụ nwanyị 400 zutere na kọleji Ruskin, Oxford, maka ọgbakọ ntọhapụ ụmụ nwanyị Britain nke mbụ.[1] N'August, Kate Millett's Politics of Sexuality ka e bipụtara na New York;[2] na 26 August, Strike for Equality emume mere n'ofe United States; na na 31 August Millett Eserese Alice Neel dị na mkpuchi nke magazin Time, nke mgbe akwụkwọ ya rerela akwụkwọ 15,000 (ọ bụ ezie na December Time chere na nkwupụta ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ nwanyị nwere ike ime ka ndị mmadụ ghara ịnakwere ụmụ nwanyị).[3]. Septemba na Ọktọba hụrụ mbipụta nke Sisterhood Is Powerful, nke Robin Morgan deziri, na Shulamith Firestone's The Dialectic of Sex.[114] Na 6 Maachị 1971, yi uwe ndị nọn, Greer jiri ụmụ nwanyị 2,500 gafere etiti London na March nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị.[4] Ka ọ na-erule n’ọnwa ahụ, a sụgharịala akwụkwọ ahụ gaa n’asụsụ asatọ, ọ fọkwara obere ka erere mbipụta ya nke abụọ.[109] E bipụtara ya na United States site n'aka McGraw-Hill na 16 Eprel 1971.[5][6] Toast nke New York, Greer siri ọnwụ na-anọ na Chelsea Hotel, bụ ebe ndị ode akwụkwọ na ndị na-ese ihe na-agakarị, karịa na Algonquin Hotel ebe onye bipụtara ya debere ya akwụkwọ; A kwesịrị ịhazigharị akwụkwọ ya n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị chọrọ ịga.[7] Otu akwụkwọ nyocha akwụkwọ New York Times kọwara ya dị ka "[s] ix ụkwụ ogologo, na-enweghị ike ịma mma, nwere anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na profaịlụ na-echetara Garbo." Akwụkwọ mpịakọta Paladin sochiri, ya na ihe osise mkpuchi nke onye Britain na-ese ihe John Holmes, nke René Magritte nwere mmetụta,na-egosi ahụ nwanyị dị ka uwe na-akwụnye na okporo ụzọ, aka na úkwù ọ bụla. Clive Hamilton weere ya dị ka "ma eleghị anya mkpuchi akwụkwọ kachasị echeta na nke na-akpata nchegbu e mepụtara". N'iji ahụ tụnyere "ụfọdụ fibreglass a tụbara na usoro mmepụta ihe", Christine Wallace dere na ụdị mbụ Holmes bụ nwanyị na-enweghị ihu, na-enweghị ara, nwanyị gba ọtọ, "n'ụzọ doro anya Germaine ... ntutu na-adaba n'ụdị afro-frizzed, n'úkwù dị omimi n'ime ụyọkọ ara ejiji, nke a na-eche na ọ bụ nke e bepụrụ na okike nke 'nwaanyị ọnaozi' dabere na nkwekọba na nkwonkwo aka".[102] Farrar, Straus <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; Giroux bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ ọzọ n'afọ 2001 site n'aka Jennifer Baumgardner, onye isi nke atọ na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke usoro Feminist Classics nke onye na-ebipụta ya.[122] Dị ka Justyna Wlodarczyk si kwuo, Greer pụtara dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ kachasị amasị nke atọ".[123]&nbsp;   The Female Eunuch na-enyocha otú ụwa nwoke na-achịkwa si emetụta mmetụta nke nwanyị banyere onwe ya, na otú echiche nke nwoke na nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ na-emebi echiche ụmụ nwanyị nke onwe, nnwere onwe, ike, na mmekọahụ. Ozi ya bụ na ụmụ nwanyị ga-eleba anya n'ime onwe ha maka nnwere onwe ha tupu ha enwee ike ịnwa ịgbanwe ụwa. N’usoro isiokwu e kewara gaa na nkebi ise—Ahụ, Mkpụrụ obi, Ịhụnanya, Ịkpọasị, na Mgbanwe—Greer na-enyocha echiche, akụkọ ifo, na nghọtahie ndị jikọtara ọnụ na-akpata mmegbu.[125] Ọ chịkọtara ozi akwụkwọ ahụ na 2018 dị ka "Mee ihe ị chọrọ ma hụ ihe ị na-eme n'anya ... Emela ya dị ka ịnyịnya ibu ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ka a na-emeso gị dị ka arse." [1] Wallace na-arụ ụka na nke a bụ ozi nke nnwere onwe, dabere na Sydney Push, kama nke sitere na ụmụ nwanyị oge ahụ.[127] Paragraf nke mbụ na-akọwa ọnọdụ akwụkwọ ahụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme ụmụ nwanyị (n'ihe odide mbụ, nkebi nke mbụ na-agụ: "Ruo ugbu a, mmegharị nnwere onwe nke ụmụ nwanyị dị ntakịrị, ihe ùgwù na nke na-eleghara anya"): [128]   ''Onye ọnaozi'' ahụ ji: "Ndị inyom nwere ihe ùgwù ga-agba mbọ ma chọọ itinye gị na 'ọgụ' maka mgbanwe, mana mgbanwe bụ ihe na-agbadata. A ghaghị imebi usoro ochie, ọ bụghị nke ọhụrụ. Ụmụ nwanyị dị ilu ga-akpọ gị ka ị nupụ isi, mana ị nwere ọtụtụ ihe ị ga-eme. Gịnị ka ị ga-emekarị?"[130] [[Faịlụ:Germaine_Greer,_Amsterdam,_June_1972.jpg|thumb|Greer na Amsterdam, 6 June 1972, na njem akwụkwọ maka The Female Eunuch''Nwanyị Eunuch'']] Abụọ n'ime isiokwu nke akwụkwọ ahụ gosipụtara ụzọ maka Mmekọahụ na Ọdịnihu afọ iri na anọ ka e mesịrị, ya bụ na ezinụlọ nuklia bụ ọnọdụ ọjọọ maka ụmụ nwanyị na maka ịzụlite ụmụaka, nakwa na mmepụta nke Mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị site na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ na-eweda ala ma na-egbochi. A na-eme ụmụ nwanyị ka ha bụrụ ụmụ nwanyị site na nwata site n'ịkụziri ha iwu ndị na-achịkwa ha. Ka oge na-aga, mgbe ụmụ nwanyị na-anabata ụdị nwanyị toro eto, ha na-azụlite ihere banyere ahụ ha, ma na-efunahụ ikike ha na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ enweghị ike, ịnọpụ iche, mmekọahụ dị ala, na enweghị ọṅụ. "Dị ka anụ ọhịa", ka ọ gwara ''The New York Times'' na Machị 1971, "ndị a na-akpụ akpụ n'ọrụ ugbo iji mezuo ebumnuche ndị ọzọ nke nna ha ukwu - ka ha bụrụ abụba ma ọ bụ mee ka ha dị nro - ewepụla ụmụ nwanyị ikike ha ime ihe. " Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwu na "[ndị] ụmụ nwanyị nwere obere ihe ọmụma banyere otú ụmụ nwoke si kpọrọ ha asị", ebe "[m] onwe ha amaghị omimi nke ịkpọasị ha. <ref name="weintraub22March1971">{{Cite news|first=Judith|author=Weintraub|date=March 22, 1971|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/05/09/specials/greer-shock.html|title=Germaine Greer&nbsp;– Opinions That May Shock the Faithful|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>[w] "Mmeghachi omume abụghị mgbanwe", ka o dere. "Ọ bụghị ihe ịrịba ama nke mgbanwe ebe ndị a na-emegbu emegbu na-eji omume nke ndị mmegbu eme ihe ma na-eme mmegbu n'onwe ha. Ọ bụghịkwa ihe ịrịbaanya nke mgbanwe mgbe ụmụ nwanyị ape ụmụ nwoke ... " Onye America na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị Betty Friedan, onye dere The Feminine Mystique (1963), chọrọ ka ụmụ nwanyị "ịha nhata nke ohere n'ime ọnọdụ dị ugbu a, nnwere onwe ịbanye n'ụwa nke ọnyá na obi", ka o kwuru.[133][134]&nbsp;   Greer nọ na mmekọrịta n'oge ahụ na Tony Gourvish, onye njikwa nke otu egwu egwu Britain Family, nke malitere mgbe ọ na-ede The Female Eunuch. Kleinhenz dere na ha biri ọnụ ruo oge ụfọdụ, mana Greer mechara chee na ọ na-erigbu onye ama ya, mmetụta ọ na-etolite na ndị enyi ya, dị ka Kleinhenz si kwuo.[145] Na June 1971 ọ ghọrọ onye edemede maka London Sunday Times . Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya kpọgara ya Vietnam, ebe o dere banyere "ụmụ agbọghọ na-agba akwụna" nke ndị agha America tụụrụ ime, na Bangladesh, ebe ọ gbara ụmụ nwanyị ndị ndị agha Pakistan dinara n'ike n'oge Agha Nnwere Onwe Bangladesh nke 1971.<ref name="Buchanan7Jan2018">{{Cite web|author=Buchanan|first=Rachel|title=Why it's time to acknowledge Germaine Greer, journalist|url=https://theconversation.com/why-its-time-to-acknowledge-germaine-greer-journalist-88958|work=The Conversation|date=7 January 2018}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBuchanan2018">Buchanan, Rachel (7 January 2018). [https://theconversation.com/why-its-time-to-acknowledge-germaine-greer-journalist-88958 "Why it's time to acknowledge Germaine Greer, journalist"]. ''The Conversation''.</cite></ref> N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1971, Greer, onye na-asụ Italian nke ọma, <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="651" href="./Tuscany" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tuscany">Tuscany-through-greers-eyes<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;title<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Tuscany through Greer's eyes<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;16 July 2020<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwDO4\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt432\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwDO8\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://library.unimelb.edu.au/asc/collections/highlights/collections/germainegreer/feature-images/tuscany-through-greers-eyes\" id=\"mwDPA\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Tuscany through Greer's eyes\"</a></nowiki>. 16 July 2020.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-150" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Germaine_Greer#cite_note-150 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> kwagara Cortona na Tuscany, ebe ọ gbazitere ''Il Palazzone'', ụlọ dị nso n'obodo ahụ. O mechara zụta ụlọ, ''Pianelli''.[147] Ọ gwara Richard Neville na ọ ga-anọpụ na England n'ihi iwu ụtụ isi ya.[148] Ọ nọrọ akụkụ nke oge okpomọkụ ahụ na Porto Cervo, ebe ezumike dị n'akụkụ osimiri, ya na Kenneth Tynan, onye nduzi nka nke Royal National Theatre, dị ka ndị ọbịa nke Michael White, onye na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri. Ìgwè ahụ na Princess Margaret, Lord Snowdon na Karim Aga Khan riri nri abalị n'otu mgbede. Greer ji obere akpa bịarute, tupu nri abalị ahụ, ọ chọpụtara na ikuku na-efe n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ efuru ntutu isi ya. Princess Margaret nọdụrụ Greer n'elu tebụl ejiji ya wee nọrọ nkeji ise na-asa ntutu isi ya. Isi ihe nke nleta maka Greer bụ ikwurịta ọrụ Tynan maka nsụgharị nke ''Lysistrata'' nke Aristophanes.[149]Nke mbụ e mere na 411 BCE, egwuregwu ahụ na-enyocha mgbalị ụmụ nwanyị mere iji manye njedebe nke Agha Peloponnesian site n'ịga n'ihu na Mmekọahụ. Emeghị ọrụ ahụ; Greer na Tynan dara n'oge njem ahụ, Greer wee hapụ Porto Cervo na anya mmiri.[151] Ntinye ya nke egwuregwu ahụ nwetara ekele na 1999, mgbe Phil Willmott rụgharịrị ma mepụta ya dị ka Germaine Greer's Lysistrata: The Sex Strike . Greer akọwaala nnwere onwe ọ nwere n'ụlọ ya na Ịtali, nke na-enweghị ọkụ eletrik mgbe mbụ ọ kwagara ebe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museumsandcollections.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/2803443/04_Buchanan-Greer-21.pdf|title='Here I let live, and am let live': Germaine Greer and Italy|first=Rachel|author=Buchanan|accessdate=3 March 2024}}</ref> Mgbe ọ bi na Ịtali, Greer gbara Primo Levi, Luciano Pavarotti, na enyi ya na onye ọ hụrụ n'anya Federico Fellini ajụjụ ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/apr/11/germaine-greer-federico-fellini|title=Federico Fellini wanted to cast me in Casanova. We ended up in bed together &#124; Germaine Greer|work=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=11 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1971, Nat Lehrman, onye so na kọmitii nchịkọta akụkọ ''Playboy'', gbara Greer ajụjụ ọnụ, onye si na United States gaa Ịtali iji gbaa ajụjụ ọnụ n'ụlọ ya. ''Playboy'' bipụtara isiokwu ahụ na Jenụwarị 1972: "Germaine Greer - a Candid Conversation with the Ballsy Author of The Female Eunuch". Ọ bụ n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ a ka o bu ụzọ kwurịta n'ihu ọha na [[Germaine Greer|e dinara ya n'ike]] n'afọ nke abụọ ya na Mahadum Melbourne.<ref name="Greer20March1995">{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=20 March 1995|title=The refusal to be bowed by brutality|work=[[The Guardian]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">Greer, Germaine (20 March 1995). "The refusal to be bowed by brutality". ''[[Onye nche|The Guardian]]''.</cite></ref> N'ịbụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa nkuzi ya na Warwick n'afọ ahụ.[157] Na Machị 1972, e jidere ya na New Zealand maka ikwu "bullshit" na "fuck" n'okwu n'oge njem, nke o kpachaara anya mee n'ihi na e jidere Tim Shadbolt (onye a ga-emecha bụrụ onye isi obodo Invercargill na 1993) n'oge na-adịbeghị anya maka otu ihe ahụ. Narị mmadụ isii gbakọtara n'èzí ụlọ ikpe ahụ, na-atụba jelly beans na àkwá na ndị uwe ojii. Mgbe ọ gbachitere onwe ya, a tọhapụrụ ya na 'bullshit' mana a mara ya ikpe maka 'fuck', Kleinhenz dere. N'ịbụ onye a mara ikpe ịga mkpọrọ, o kwuru na ya ga-akwụ ụgwọ kama, wee hapụ mba ahụ n'akwụghị ya.[158]&nbsp; Greer, onye dị afọ iri atọ na asaa n'oge ahụ, nwere mmekọrịta na 1976 na onye edemede [[Martin Amis]], onye dị n'afọ iri abụọ na isii n'oge a, nke a tụlere n'ihu ọha na 2015 mgbe ọ resịrị Mahadum Melbourne ihe ndekọ ya. N'ime ha, Margaret Simons chọpụtara akwụkwọ ozi 30,000 nke Greer malitere ide na 1 Machị 1976 mgbe ọ nọ na British Airways Monarch lounge na Heathrow Airport, wee gaa n'ihu n'oge njem nkuzi na United States, ọ bụ ezie na o doro anya na o ziteghị ya: "Ka kilomita na-agbakọta, achọtara m akwụkwọ ozi a siri ike ma sie ike ide. Ụdị m na-ada mbido dị ka ntụ. [160) A hapụrụ m akwụkwọ a na taxi ma ọ ga-efunahụ gị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ị ga-eji ya.[160]&nbsp; [[Faịlụ:Mcfarlin_ice.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ McFarlin, Mahadum TulsaMahadum nke Tulsa]] Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ. N'afọ 1984 ọ gara [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] iji kọọ banyere Ụnwụ nri 1983-1985 maka Daily Mail na ọzọ n'ọnwa Eprel 1985 maka The Observer. Maka nke ikpeazụ, o ji igwefoto Olympus na-akpaghị aka were foto wee gbaa kilomita 700 gaa Asosa, obodo nke Gọọmentị Etiopia na-ebugharị ndị mmadụ site na mpaghara ụnwụ nri. The Observer ebipụtaghị isiokwu abụọ 5,000 ọ nyere; n'echiche ya, ndị editọ ekwenyeghị n'echicha gọọmentị Mengistu. The New Worker bipụtara ha kama. Na Septemba 1985 ọ gara Etiopia ọzọ, n'oge a iji gosipụta ihe ngosi maka Channel 4 na UK. Mmekọahụ na akara aka: ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ọmụmụ mmadụ (1984) gara n'ihu na nkatọ Greer banyere àgwà ndị Ọdịda Anyanwụ n'ihe gbasara mmekọahụ, ọmụmụ, na ezinụlọ, yana itinye àgwà ndị ahụ n'ụwa ndị ọzọ. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya ọzọ gụnyere ezinụlọ nuklia, itinye aka gọọmentị na omume mmekọahụ, na ịzụ ahịa nke mmekọahụ na ahụ ụmụ nwanyị. O kwuru na nkwalite ọdịda anyanwụ nke igbochi ọmụmụ na Ụwa nke Atọ abụghị n'ụzọ dị ukwuu maka nchegbu maka ọdịmma mmadụ kama ọ bụ egwu ọdịnala na anyaụfụ nke ndị ọgaranya maka ọmụmụ nke ndị ogbenye. Omume mgbochi ọmụmụ emetọla site na mmalite ya, o dere, na-ezo aka na Marie Stopes na ndị ọzọ. Ọ dọrọ aka ná ntị megide ịkatọ ụdị ndụ na ụkpụrụ ezinụlọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe. N'afọ 1984, Greer zụrụ The Mills, ụlọ ọrụ ugbo nke Georgia na ala dị hekta atọ na Great Chesterford, Essex, England, ebe ọ kụrụ osisi dị otu hekta, nke o kwuru na ọ mere ka ọ dị mpako karịa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ o mere, ma gbalịa idebe "dị ka ebe mgbaba maka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eto eto" dịka o nwere ike.<ref name="TheMills" /> Mills ka bụ ụlọ Greer maka akụkụ nke afọ mgbe o rere ya na 2018; <ref name="TheMills">Greer, Germaine (11 March 2018). [https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/wildlife-nature/article/germaine-greer-offers-advice-for-the-next-owner-of-her-essex-home-ckcfn9p2r "Germaine Greer offers advice for the next owner of her Essex home"]. ''The Sunday Times''.<br /><br />{{Cite web|title=The Mills|url=https://assets.savills.com/properties/GBCARSCAS150149/CAS150149_CAS15002037.PDF|publisher=Savills|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602004903/https://assets.savills.com/properties/GBCARSCAS150149/CAS150149_CAS15002037.PDF|archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> ka ọ na-erule afọ 2016, ọ na-anọ ọnwa anọ n'afọ na Australia na ndị ọzọ na UK. <ref name="Dugdale7Nov2016">{{Cite news|author=Dugdale|first=Lynda|title=Germaine Greer: Not about to change|url=https://www.intheblack.com/articles/2016/11/07/germaine-greer-not-about-to-change|work=Intheblack|date=7 November 2016}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Germaine_Greer_and_Lewis_Wolpert_on_After_Dark_on_30_May_1994.jpg|thumb|Mụ na [[Lewis Wolpert]] na Channel 4's After Dark, 1994]] E bipụtara akwụkwọ ya ''Shakespeare'' (isiokwu PhD ya) na 1986 site na Oxford University Press dị ka akụkụ nke usoro Past Masters. ''The Madwoman's Underclothes: Essays and Occasional Writings'', nchịkọta nke isiokwu ya e dere n'etiti 1968 na 1985, pụtakwara n'afọ ahụ. Na June 1988, ya na Harold Pinter, Antonia Fraser, Ian McEwan, Margaret Drabble, Salman Rushdie, David Hare na ndị ọzọ, ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke "20th of June Group", nke kwadoro nnwere onwe obodo na England nke otu ahụ chere na a na-emebi; nke a bụ obere oge mgbe ewepụtara Akụkụ 28, nke gbochiri ụlọ akwụkwọ ịkụzi ndina ụdị onwe dị ka akụkụ dị mma nke ndụ ezinụlọ.[169] Ọ na-apụta mgbe niile na telivishọn na UK na Australia n'oge a, gụnyere na BBC's Have I Got News for You ọtụtụ ugboro site na 1990. N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1995, Andrew Neil gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ ogologo oge na ihe ngosi ajụjụ ọnụ ya bụ Is This Your Life? <ref>{{IMDb title|tt9800432|Is This Your Life?|(22 July 1995, Germaine Greer)}}</ref> N'afọ 1998, o dere otu ihe omume, "Make Love not War", maka usoro ihe omume telivishọn Cold War, n'afọ sochirinụ, ọ nọdụrụ maka foto gba ọtọ nke onye Australia na-ese foto Polly Borland. Ajụjụ ọnụ 1994 ya na Greer na The Big Issue, nke o kwuru na ya na onye ọ bụla dị njikere ịgbaso iwu ya ga-ebikọ ụlọ ya, a kọwara ya dị ka akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù maka ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ma mee ka ndị nta akụkọ na ụgbọ elu na-efe ala jupụta ya. Otu n'ime ndị nta akụkọ ahụ, onye nta akụkọ Mail on Sunday, jisiri ike banye ma jiri ile ọbịa ya mee ihe ruo ụbọchị abụọ, nke gụnyere Greer ịsa uwe ya ma kụziere ya otu esi eme achịcha.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=7 February 1994|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/02/07/Greer-to-sue-journalist-who-posed-as-a-homeless-man/3897760597200/|title=Greer to sue journalist who posed as a homeless man}}</ref> Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bipụtara akwụkwọ mpịakọta peeji atọ, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ahụ chọpụtara na ikpe mara ya maka aghụghọ na-abụghị maka ọdịmma ọha na eze.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/newspaper-breached-code-1432513.html|title=Newspaper breached code|work=[[The Independent]]|date=30 March 1994}}</ref> Natalie Angier, na-ede na ''The New York Times'', kpọrọ The Change: Women, Ageing, and the Menopause (1991) "oké iwe, obi ụtọ, iwe iwe nke akwụkwọ ... nke na-akpali akpali nke dị nso ịbụ onye nwere ike ịbụ onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na The Female Eunuch". N'ime ya, Greer dere banyere akụkọ ifo banyere nsọpụrụ - ma ọ bụ dịka ọ na-ahọrọ ịkpọ ya "oge kachasị njọ".<ref>{{Cite news|first=Natalie|author=Angier|authorlink=Natalie Angier|date=October 11, 1992|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/05/09/specials/greer-change.html|title=The Transit of Woman|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> "Ịtụ egwu ụmụ nwanyị bụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ", o dere na The Age n'afọ 2002. "A na-atụ ụmụ nwanyị egwu iji ọgwụgwọ hormone dochie anya site na amụma ọjọọ nke ọkpụkpụ na-ada ada, ọrịa obi, enweghị agụụ mmekọahụ, ịda mbà n'obi, obi nkoropụ, ọrịa na ọnwụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha ekwe ka okike gaa n'ihu. "Ọ na-ekwu na ịtụ ụmụ nwanyị egwu bụ "nnukwu azụmahịa ma baa uru dị ukwuu".<ref>{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=13 July 2002|url=https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/07/12/1026185109376.html|title=The Female Used|work=[[The Age]]}}</ref> E mezigharịrị akwụkwọ ahụ, gụnyere ozi ahụike, ma bipụtaghachi ya na 2018.&nbsp; === ''Slip-Shod Sibyls'' (1995) === N'afọ 2021, Greer laghachiri Australia iji ree ụlọ ya ma tinye onwe ya n'ụlọ nlekọta ndị agadi na Castlemaine, Victoria. Ọ nọrọ ọnwa iri wee pụọ n'ọnwa Eprel 2022 ka ya na nwanne ya nwoke biri. Ọ kọwara onwe ya dị ka "ọ bụghị onye ọrịa, kama ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ" n'ụlọ nlekọta ndị agadi. O kwuru na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ụlọ nlekọta karịa ụmụ nwoke ma kwuo na nlekọta ndị agadi bụ nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị na-akpali akpali.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-05|title=Females to the fore: The women at this year's Canberra Writers Festival|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7846103/females-to-the-fore-the-women-at-this-years-canberra-writers-festival/|accessdate=2022-09-09|work=The Canberra Times|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Overington|first=Caroline|date=1 July 2022|title=Germaine Greer's life as an aged-care 'inmate'|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/germaine-greer-life-as-an-agedcare-inmate/news-story/d8072017b7701420a65b498d275dd357|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703053353/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/germaine-greer-life-as-an-agedcare-inmate/news-story/d8072017b7701420a65b498d275dd357|archivedate=July 3, 2022|accessdate=August 10, 2024|work=The Australian}}</ref> == Ebe ndebe ihe ochie nke Germaine Greer == Greer rere ihe ndekọ ya na 2013 na Mahadum Melbourne . Ka ọ na-erule June 2018 ọ na-ekpuchi oge 1959-2010, na-ejupụta igbe nchekwa 487 na mita 82 nke oghere shelf . Mbufe nke ihe ncheta (150 faịlụ-cabinet drawers) site n'ụlọ Greer na England malitere na July 2014; mahadum mara ọkwa na ọ na-akpata nde $ 3 iji kwado ịzụta, mbupu, ụlọ, katalọgụ na digitization. Greer kwuru na a ga-enye onyinye ya maka ọrụ ebere ya, Friends of Gondwana Rainforest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=University to house Germaine Greer archive|url=http://www.campaign.unimelb.edu.au/news-and-events/2013-10-28-university-to-house-germaine-greer-archive|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109020158/http://www.campaign.unimelb.edu.au/news-and-events/2013-10-28-university-to-house-germaine-greer-archive|archivedate=9 November 2013|publisher=University of Melbourne|date=28 October 2013}}</ref> Kaadị ndepụta nke nwere ozi osisi ezinụlọ Greer, nke a chịkọtara mgbe ọ na-eme nchọpụta n'akwụkwọ ya Daddy, We Hardly Knew You, bụ nke State Library of Victoria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Index cards ca. 1990. [manuscript].|url=https://find.slv.vic.gov.au/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=L&vid=61SLV_INST:SLV&search_scope=slv_local&tab=searchProfile&docid=alma9916351273607636|accessdate=2025-04-30|work=find.slv.vic.gov.au|language=en}}</ref> == Hụkwa == == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==   == Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala == == Edensibia == === eIhe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ === [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6c6155j50hkduly2jpeve7mah2vcw9a 692585 692583 2026-07-30T10:56:52Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Ọrụ mmalite na edemede */ 692585 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Germaine_Greer,_June_1972_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Greer na June 1972]] [[Faịlụ:Germaine Greer, 28 October 2013 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Germaine Greer]] '''Germaine Greer''' (/ɡrɪər/; amụrụ na 29 Jenụwarị 1939) bụ onye edemede Australia na onye ọgụgụ isi ọha na eze, nke a na-ewere dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi olu nke usoro ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ na ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20. N'ịbụ onye ọkachamara na akwụkwọ Bekee na nke ụmụ nwanyị, Greer enweela ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ na England na Mahadum Warwick na Newnham College, Cambridge, na United States na Mahadim Tulsa. Ọ malitere ibi na UK na 1964, ma site na 1990s ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, kewara oge ya n'etiti Queensland, Australia, na ụlọ ya na Essex, England.[2] Echiche Greer emeela ka esemokwu malite n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya, The Female Eunuch (1970), mere ka ọ bụrụ aha a ma ama. Akwụkwọ kacha ere ahịa n'ụwa niile na ederede na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime [[Òtù ụmụ nwanyị]], ọ na-enye usoro nhazi nke echiche dịka ịbụ nwanyị na ịbụ nwanyị, na-arụ ụka na a manyere ụmụ nwanyị ka ha rụọ ọrụ nrubeisi na ọha mmadụ iji mezuo nrọ ụmụ nwoke banyere ihe ịbụ nwanyị gụnyere. [5] Ọrụ Greer na-esote lekwasịrị anya na akwụkwọ, ụmụ nwanyị, na gburugburu ebe obibi. O dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 20, gụnyere Sex and Destiny (1984), The Change (1991), The Whole Woman (1999), na The Boy (2003). Akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2013 White Beech: The Rainforest Years na-akọwa mbọ ọ na-agba iji weghachite mpaghara mmiri ozuzo na Numinbah Valley na Australia. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na ime ihe ike, ọ bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka The Sunday Times, ''The Guardian'', The Daily Telegraph, The Spectator, The Independent, na The ''Oldie'', n'etiti ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Buchanan7Jan2018">{{Cite web|author=Buchanan|first=Rachel|title=Why it's time to acknowledge Germaine Greer, journalist|url=https://theconversation.com/why-its-time-to-acknowledge-germaine-greer-journalist-88958|work=The Conversation|date=7 January 2018}}</ref> Greer bụ nnwere onwe (ma ọ bụ nke siri ike) karịa onye na-ahụ maka ịha nhata. [a] Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya abụghị ịha nhata na ụmụ nwoke, nke ọ na-ahụ dị ka mmetọ na "ịkwado ibi ndụ nke ụmụ nwoke na-enweghị nnwere onwe". "Nnapụta ụmụ nwanyị", ka o dere na The Whole Woman (1999), "ahụghị ikike nwanyị ahụ n'ihe gbasara nwoke n'ezie. "Ọ na-ekwu na nnwere onwe bụ maka ikwusi ike ọdịiche na "ịkwado ya dị ka ọnọdụ nke nkọwa onwe na mkpebi onwe onye". Ọ bụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị "ịkọwa ụkpụrụ nke ha, hazie ihe ndị ha ga-ebute ụzọ ma kpebie ọdịnihu nke ha". [b] === Melbourne === [[Faịlụ:Elwood_beach_and_Melbourne_skyline.jpg|thumb|Ụsọ mmiri Elwood A na-ahụ ihu igwe Ebe etiti obodo Melbourne n'ebe dị anya.]] A mụrụ Germaine Greer na 29 Jenụwarị 1939 na Melbourne n'ezinụlọ ndị Katọlik, okenye nke ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ sochiri nwa nwoke. Nna ya kpọrọ onwe ya Eric Reginald ("Reg") Greer; ọ gwara ya na a mụrụ ya na South Africa, mana ọ matara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na a mụrụ Robert Hamilton King na Launceston, Tasmania.[10] Ọ mụtakwara na a kpọrọ ya Robert Henry Eric Ernest Hambert . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Greer|first=Germaine|date=1989|title=Daddy, We Hardly Knew You|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=62iHDwAAQBAJ&q=Daddy+we+hardly+knew+you|location=New York|publisher=Fawcett Columbine|isbn=0449905616}}</ref> Ya na nne ya, Margaret ("Peggy") May Lafrank, lụrụ na Machị 1937; Reg ghọrọ onye Katọlik tupu agbamakwụkwọ ahụ. Peggy bụ onye na-ere akwụkwọ akụkọ na Reg bụ onye na'ere akwụkwọ akụkọ.[13] [c] N'agbanyeghị ọzụzụ Katọlik ya na Mmegide ndị Juu nke nna ya, Greer kwenyesiri ike na nna ya bụ onye Juu na nzuzo. O kwenyere na nne nne ya bụ nwanyị onye Juu aha ya bụ Rachel Weiss, mana ọ kwetara na o nwere ike ịbụ na o mere nke a site na "oké ọchịchọ ịbụ onye Juu. " N'agbanyeghị na ọ maghị ma o nwere ndị nna nna ndị Juu ọ bụla, Greer "dị ka ọ bụ onye Juu" wee malite itinye aka na obodo ndị Juu. Ọ mụtara Yiddish, sonye n'òtù ihe nkiri ndị Juu, ma soro ndị Juu na-akpa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Greer|first=Germaine|date=1989|title=Daddy, We Hardly Knew You|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=62iHDwAAQBAJ&q=Daddy+we+hardly+knew+you|location=New York|publisher=Fawcett Columbine|isbn=0449905616}}</ref> Ezinụlọ ahụ biri na Elwood nke dị na Melbourne, na mbụ n'ụlọ a na-akwụ ụgwọ na Docker Street, nso osimiri, mgbe ahụ n'ụlọ ọzọ a na-agbazite na Esplanade.[16] Na Jenụwarị 1942 nna Greer sonyeere ndị agha nke abụọ nke Australian Imperial Force; mgbe ọ zụchara ọzụzụ na Royal Australian Air Force, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ciphers maka ndị agha British Royal Air Force na Egypt na [[Malta]]. Greer gara St Columba's Catholic Primary School na Elwood site na Febụwarị 1943 - ezinụlọ ahụ bi na 57 Ormond Road, Elwood - Sacred Heart Parish School, Sandringham, na Holy Redeemer School, Ripponlea sochiri ya.[18] Na 1952, Greer debanyere aha na Star of the Sea College na Gardenvale, ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Sisters of the Presentation of the Holy Virgin Mary na-agba. Ọ bụ ebe a ka Greer kwuru na a kpọbatara ya na nka na egwu. N'afọ ahụ, e gosipụtara ihe osise ya na ngalaba nke iri na anọ nke ihe ngosi nka ụmụaka na Tye's Gallery, nke Archbishọp Mannix meghere.[1] Akụkọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kọwara ya dị ka "obere ihe na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-enwe nsogbu nke nwere iwe na onye na-akparị onwe ya", ọ bụkwa ebe ahụ ka Greer bụ nkà na-arị elu; na mgbakwunye na Bekee, Greer gụrụ akwụkwọ na European ọmụmụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, na n'ule ikpeazụ ya, ọ nwetara akara kacha elu na steeti.[2][20] Greer lere anya azụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata dị ka "ihe ncheta na-adịte aka" ma kwuo na ọ bụ ike anụ ahụ na nke uche nke ndị mụrụ ya bụ ndị mere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eme ihe ngosi.[2] Otu afọ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Greer Brand, bụ ebe ọ na-agụcha akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Berkeley, bụ onye nọn maka Ụka Katọlik.[22]. Ọ hapụrụ ụlọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na-arụ ọrụ. Ya na nne ya nwere nzụlite siri ike, onye, dị ka Greer si kwuo, nwere ike inwe Asperger. N'afọ 2012, o kwuru na nwanne ya nwoke enweghị ike ịgbaghara ya maka "ịhapụ" ha, mana ya enwebeghị ike imere nwanne ya nwoke, "onye m na-akpọ onye ọzọ n'ụwa"[1]. [[Faịlụ:Old_Arts_Building._Parkville_Campus_of_University_of_Melbourne_(cropped).JPG|thumb|Ụlọ Old Arts, Mahadum MelbourneMahadum nke Melbourne]] Site na 1956 Greer gụrụ asụsụ Bekee na French na akwụkwọ na Mahadum Melbourne na agụmakwụkwọ nke Mahadum Onye Nkụzi, na-ebi n'ụlọ maka afọ abụọ mbụ na ego nke £ 8 kwa izu. 1.8 mita (6 ụkwụ) n'ogologo mgbe ọ dị afọ 16, ọ bụ onye dị ịrịba ama. "Onye ogologo, onye na-enweghị ụkwụ na onye na-eme ihe ọchị, ọ na-agagharị na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, na-ama na a na-ekwu ọtụtụ ihe banyere ya", dị ka onye nta akụkọ Peter Blazey, onye ya na Melbourne dịkọrọ ndụ. N'afọ mbụ ya, a gwọrọ Greer n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'oge na-adịghị anya maka ịda mbà n'obi.[26] Ọ gwara magazin ''Playboy'', n'ajụjụ ọnụ e bipụtara na 1972, na e dinara ya n'ike mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ nke abụọ na mahadum, ahụmahụ ọ kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ''The Guardian'' na Machị 1995. <ref name="Greer20March1995">{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=20 March 1995|title=The refusal to be bowed by brutality|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, Greer wepụrụ afọ ime mgbe mmekọrịta ya mebiri ma kọwaa oge ahụ dị ka "annus horribilis".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jeremy Isaacs 1995 interview with Germaine Greer|work=[[YouTube]]|date=24 May 2022|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R02LPPS5Lq0}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:(1)_Royal_George_Hotel.JPG|thumb|Royal George Hotel, Sydney, 2010]] Obere oge tupu ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Melbourne na 1959 na nke abụọ dị elu, ọ kwagara Sydney, ebe ọ sonyeere Sydney Push na ndị anarchist Sydney Libertarians. "[Ndị a kwuru banyere eziokwu na naanị eziokwu", ka o kwuru, "na-ekwusi ike na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe anyị kpughere n'ụbọchị ahụ bụ echiche, nke bụ otu okwu maka ụgha - ma ọ bụ ihe nzuzu, dịka ha na-akpọ ya. " Ha ga-ezukọ n'ime ụlọ azụ nke Royal George Hotel na Sussex Street.[30] Clive James so n'òtù ahụ n'oge ahụ. Otu n'ime ndị na-ede akụkọ ndụ Greer, Christine Wallace, dere na Greer "na-abanye na Royal George Hotel, n'ime ìgwè mmadụ na-ekwu onwe ha n'ime ụlọ na-esi ísì biya ochie ma jupụta na anwụrụ sịga, wee malite ịgbaso ụzọ ndụ Push, 'ịdọ aka ná ntị siri ike nke m manyere m ịmụta'". Greer echerela onwe ya dị ka onye anarchist n'amaghị ihe mere o ji dọta ya; site na Push, ọ matara akwụkwọ anarchist.[31] O nwere mmekọrịta dị mkpa n'òtù ahụ na Harry Hooton na Roelof Smilde, ha abụọ bụ ndị a ma ama.[32] Ya na Smilde bi n'otu ụlọ na Glebe Point Road, mana mmekọrịta ahụ adịteghị aka; dị ka Wallace si kwuo, echiche Push nke "ịhụnanya nweere onwe ya" gụnyere ịjụ nnwere onwe na ekworo, nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ihu ọma ụmụ nwoke. Mgbe mmekọrịta ya na Smilde kwụsịrị, Greer debanyere aha na Mahadum Sydney iji mụọ Byron, ebe, Clive James dere, ọ ghọrọ "onye a ma ama maka ire ọjọọ ya. [34][35] Otu n'ime ndị enyi ya n'ebe ahụ, Arthur Dignam, kwuru na ọ "bụ naanị nwanyị anyị zutere n'oge ahụ nke nwere ike iji obi ike, n'ụzọ dị mfe ma na-atọ ọchị mee ka ndị ikom daa".[36] Ọ malitere itinye aka na ime ihe nkiri na Sydney ma mee Mother Courage na Mother Courage and Her Children n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1963.[37] N'afọ ahụ, e nyere ya MA nke mbụ maka edemede akpọrọ "The Development of Byron's Satiric Mode", wee were nhọpụta na Sydney dị ka onye nkuzi dị elu na Bekee, yana ọfịs dị n'akụkụ Stephen Knight na ụlọ Carslaw nke mahadum.[38] "O doro anya na ọ bụ ezigbo onye nkuzi", ka o kwuru. "Na otu n'ime ndị nkuzi kachasị mma - otu n'etiti mmadụ ole na ole nwere ike inye iwu na Wallace Lecture Theatre, ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ 600 ya. O nwere ụdị àgwà histrionic nke dị nnọọ ịrịba ama, gbakwunyere na ezigbo agụmakwụkwọ ya".[39] [[Faịlụ:Newnham_College,_Cambridge,_March_2008.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Newnham College, Cambridge]] MA meriri Greer a Commonwealth Scholarship, nke o ji kwado ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na Mahadum Cambridge, rutere n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1964 na Newnham College, kọleji naanị ụmụ nwanyị.[40] [[Samuel Louis Goldberg|Sam Goldberg]], onye Leavisite, onye bụ Challis Chair of English Literature na Sydney kemgbe 1963 gbara ya ume ịpụ na Sydney.[41] Na mbido ịbanye na ọmụmụ BA na Cambridge - agụmakwụkwọ ya gaara enye ya ohere mezue ya n'ime afọ abụọ - Greer jisiri ike gbanwee mgbe oge mbụ ("site n'ike nke arụmụka", dị ka Clive James si kwuo) gaa na mmemme PhD iji mụọ [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], nke Anne Barton, onye a maara mgbe ahụ dị ka Anne Righter, lekọtara. O kwuru na ọ gbanwere n'ihi na ọ "chọtara na ha agaghị akụzi ihe ọ bụla".[her][43] Muriel Bradbrook, nwanyị mbụ bụ Prọfesọ nke Bekee na Cambridge, mere ka Greer mụọ Shakespeare; Bradbrook lekọtara PhD Barton.[44] Cambridge bụ ebe siri ike maka ụmụ nwanyị. Dị ka Christine Wallace si kwuo, otu nwa akwụkwọ Newnham kọwara di ya na-anata akwụkwọ oriri na 1966 site na Christ's College nke nyere ohere "Ndị inyom na-abanye naanị maka sherry".[46] Lisa Jardine zutere Greer na nri abalị na Newnham. Onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ rịọrọ ka a gbachie nkịtị maka okwu. "Ka ọgba aghara na-agbadata, otu onye nọgidere na-ekwu okwu, na-etinye onwe ya na mkparịta ụka ya iji chọpụta":<blockquote>Na tebụl ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Germaine ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-akọwa na ọ gaghị enwe nnwere onwe maka ụmụ nwanyị, n'agbanyeghị etu ha gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma, ọ bụrụhaala na achọrọ anyị ka anyị tinye ara anyị n'ime brọsh ndị e wuru dị ka obere Vesuvius, abụọ a dụkọtara ọnụ, na-acha ọcha, nke na-enweghị ihe yiri ahụ nwanyị. N'afọ ofufo, ọ na-enwe obi erughị ala nke ndị isi afọ iri isii, ka o ji ike kwuo, bụ ihe nnọchianya jọgburu onwe ya nke mmegbu nwoke.</blockquote>Ozugbo ọ bịarutere, Greer nyochara (ya na Clive James, onye ọ maara site na Sydney Push) maka ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme ihe nkiri, Footlights, n'ime ụlọ klọb ya na Falcon Yard n'elu ụlọ ahịa Mac Fisheries. Ha mere ihe osise nke ọ bụ Noël Coward na ya bụ Gertrude Lawrence.[48] Na-esonyere n'otu ụbọchị ahụ James na Russell Davies, Greer bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ a nabatara dị ka onye otu zuru oke, tinyere Sheila Buhr na Hilary Walston. <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="308" href="./Tim_Brooke-Taylor" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tim Brooke-Taylor">Tim Brooke-Taylor]],<nowiki><ref>Boston, Richard (3 June 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/jun/03/cambridge-footlights-comedy-university \"From the archive, 3 June 1983: Cambridge Footlights celebrate 100 years of comedy\"], ''The Guardian''.</ref></nowiki> and to <nowiki>[[Eric Idle]]</nowiki>, the Footlights president."}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="cite_ref-55" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:Extension/ref">[./Germaine_Greer#cite_note-55 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> The Cambridge News bu akụkọ banyere ya na Nọvemba 1964, na-ezo aka na ụmụ nwanyị dị ka "ụmụ agbọghọ atọ". Nzaghachi Greer maka nnabata ya bụ: "Ebe a na-eji ndị na-agba ọsọ na-awụli elu. Ị nwere ike ịnwe ya n'onwe gị. " O sonyere na revue ya nke 1965, My Girl Herbert, ya na Eric Idle (onye isi oche Footlights), John Cameron, Christie Davies na John Grillo.[53][50]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.footlights.org/past/1965|title=Cambridge Footlights: Year ending 1965|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104112941/http://www.footlights.org/past/1965|archivedate=4 January 2006}}</ref> Otu onye nkatọ chọpụtara "nwa agbọghọ Australia nke nwere ikike okike iji gosipụta olu ya".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Footlights at 120: A history of Footlights|url=http://www.footlights.org:80/history|publisher=Cambridge Footlights|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104103517/http://www.footlights.org/history|archivedate=4 January 2006|accessdate=26 August 2020}}</ref> Ndị ọzọ so na Footlights mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ gụnyere Tim Brooke-Taylor, John Cleese, Peter Cook na David Frost.[56] [[Faịlụ:Cmglee_Cambridge_Friar_House_from_The_Eagle.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Greer biri n'ọnụ ụlọ dị n'akụkụ Clive James na Friar House (ụlọ ọcha), Bene't Street, Cambridge.]]   Greer dechara Ph.D. na Calabria, Italy, bụ ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkụ azụ n'ime obodo nwere olulu mmiri na ọkụ eletrik. Njem ahụ yiri nke enyi ya bụ́ Emilio, ma nwoke ahụ gosiri Greer akwụkwọ ya bụ nwoke na-asa ahụ́ n’olulu mmiri tupu chi ọbụbọ, na-eyikwa uwe ojii na akpụkpọ ụkwụ.[1] Enyere ya PhD na Mee 1968 maka edemede ya The Ethic of Love and Marriage in Shakespeare's Early Comedies. [59] Greer - onye na-asụ ma ọ bụ na-agụ Latin, Greek oge ochie, Italian, French, German, na Spanish [2] - dọtara mmasị dị iche iche nke European Renaissance comedies na-arụ ụka na Shakespeare na-emeso ihe ọchị na-enye ozi dị iche na akwụkwọ ndị Europe. [3] Ahụmahụ nke onwe ya ezughị iji kọwaa ihe omume ahụ. "Enyefere m ndụ m niile maka okike, na-eme ike m niile ime ihe ga-atọ ndị ọzọ ụtọ, m ga-agakwa n'ihu ruo mgbe m ruru n'elu, wee leghachi anya azụ ma nwee mmasị na naanị onwe m"[62]. Nwanyị ọnaozi ahụ na-adabere nke ukwuu na agụmakwụkwọ ''Shakespeare'' nke Greer, ọkachasị mgbe ọ na-atụle akụkọ ihe mere eme nke alụmdi na nwunye na mbedo. N'afọ 1986, Oxford University Press bipụtara akwụkwọ ya Shakespeare dị ka akụkụ nke usoro Past Masters, na 2007 Bloomsbury bipụtara ọmụmụ ya banyere Anne Hathaway, Shakespeare's Wife.[63] == Ọrụ mmalite na edemede == === Ozizi, alụmdi na nwunye na telivishọn === Site na 1968 ruo 1972, Greer rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na Mahadum Warwick na Coventry, ya na di mbụ ya na Leamington Spa nwere nwamba abụọ na kilogram 300. [1] [65] Na 1968 ọ mụrụ akwụkwọ mbụ ya, Paul, na mgbakwunye na ime ihe, dere akwụkwọ 300. [1] King's College London English, onye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ewu ụlọ, n'ụlọ dị na Portobello Road, London, mgbe obere oge gasịrị na Paddington Register Office, na-eji mgbanaka sitere na ụlọ akụ. [2] [65] Du Feu alụọla nwunye wee mụọ ụmụ nwoke abụọ, gbara afọ 14 na 16, ya na di mbụ ya. [67] === ''Oz'' na Suck''Ịṅụ'' === [[Faịlụ:Oz_magazine,_issue_19,_early_1969.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Greer na mkpuchi nke magazin ''Oz'', mmalite 1969, ya na Vivian Stanshall nke Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah BandÒtù Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah]] Greer malitere ide kọlụm dị ka "Dr. G" maka magazin ''Oz'', nke Richard Neville, onye ọ zutere na oriri na Sydney.[74] E mechiri Australian ''Oz'' na 1963 mgbe ọnwa atọ gasịrị ma maa ndị nchịkọta akụkọ ikpe maka okwu rụrụ arụ, e mesịa gbanwee ha. Neville na onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya, Martin Sharp, kwagara London ma guzobe ''Oz'' n'ebe ahụ. Mgbe Neville zutere Greer ọzọ, ọ tụrụ aro ka o dee maka ya, nke dugara na edemede ya na mbipụta mbụ na 1967, "In Bed with the English".[75] Keith Morris sere ya foto ("Dr G, naanị onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwere PhD n'agbụ") maka mbipụta 19 na mbido 1969; ihe oyiyi ojii na-acha ọcha gụnyere otu n'ime ihe ndị ọ na-ese maka mkpuchi ya na Vivian Stanshall na nke ọzọ nke ọ na-eme ka ọ na-akpọ ụbọ .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Photographs|date=30 August 2017|url=https://digitised-collections.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/191793|publisher=Germaine Greer Archive, University of Melbourne|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003194325/https://digitised-collections.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/191793|archivedate=3 October 2018|author=Greer|first=Germaine}}</ref> Mbipụta July 1970, ''''Oz'' 29'', gosipụtara "Germaine Greer knits private parts", isiokwu sitere na Oz's Needlework Correspondent na aka na-akpụ akpụ Keep it Warm Cock Sock, "a snug corner for a chilly prick". Dị ka "Rose Blight", o dekwara kọlụm n'ubi maka Private Eye.[78] N'afọ 1969, Greer so guzobe magazin na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ nke dị na Amsterdam, Suck: The First European Sex Paper (1969-1974), ya na Bill Daley, Jim Haynes, William Levy, Heathcote Williams na Jean Shrimpton, ebumnuche ya bụ ịmepụta "ihe ọhụrụ na-akpụ agụụ mmekọahụ nke ga-eme ka ahụ nwoke na nke nwanyị ghara ịdị mma". Akụkọ na-ekwu na mbipụta mbụ ahụ bụ ihe na-akpasu iwe nke na Special Branch wakporo ọfịs ya na London na Arts Lab na Drury Lane ma mechie adreesị postbox ya.<ref name="suck">{{Cite book|title=Suck, the first European sex magazine|oclc=810282005}}</ref>[80] Dị ka Beatrice Faust si kwuo, Suck bipụtara "ihe omimi SM nke na-asọ ụmụ nwanyị asị", gụnyere ihe osise mkpuchi, maka mbipụta 7, nke nwoke na-ejide "nwaanyị na-eti mkpu na ụkwụ ya n'ikuku ka onye ọzọ dinara ya n'ike".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Faust|first=Beatrice|authorlink=Beatrice Faust|title=Grab-bag of Germaine ideas|work=The Age|date=20 December 1986|page=137}}</ref> Otu n'ime ndị na-ede akụkọ ndụ Greer, Elizabeth Kleinhenz, dere na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na-emebi iwu maka Suck, gụnyere nkọwa nke mmetọ ụmụaka, mmekọahụ na anụmanụ.[80] Akụkụ Greer, "Sucky Fucky" nke "Earth Rose", gụnyere ndụmọdụ nye ụmụ nwanyị banyere otu esi elekọta akụkụ ahụ ha na otu ha kwesịrị isi detụ ihe ha na-eme n'ahụ ha.[82][83] O bipụtara aha enyi ya, onye ọ maara site n'oge ya na Sydney Push na onye o mechara nyefee The Female Eunuch: "Onye ọ bụla chọrọ inwe mmekọahụ n'ìgwè na New York ma nwee mmasị na ụmụ agbọghọ buru ibu, kpọtụrụ Lillian Roxon. " N'oge mmemme ihe nkiri Amsterdam nke afọ 1970 nke Suck haziri, ndị ọka ikpe, nke gụnyere Greer, nyere Bodil Joensen ihe nrite mbụ maka ihe nkiri nke nwanyị na ụmụ anụmanụ nwere mmekọahụ. [85] Suck weghachiri otu ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Greer (nke mbụ e bipụtara na ''Screw'', magazin ọzọ na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ), nke akpọrọ "Abụ m akwụna". &nbsp; N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-etinye aka na Suck, Greer gwara Robert Greenfield nke Rolling Stone na Jenụwarị 1971 na ọ bụ onye na-enwe mmasị na Redstockings, otu ụmụ nwanyị siri ike nke Ellen Willis na [[Shulamith Firestone]] guzobere na New York na Jenụwaị 1969. N'ịbụ onye ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị katọrọ maka itinye aka na Suck, na Mee 1971 ọ gwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ maka ''Screw'': Greer kewara na Suck na 1972 mgbe ọ bipụtara foto ya gba ọtọ na-edina ala na ụkwụ ya n'ubu ya na ihu ya na-ele anya n'etiti apata ụkwụ ya.<ref name="ifeminists">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifeminists.net/introduction/editorials/2004/1215cook.html|title=Encounters with Germaine Greer|first=Dana|author=Cook|date=15 December 2004|work=ifeminists.com}}</ref> E zigara foto ahụ na nghọta na a ga-ebipụta foto ndị gba ọtọ nke ndị nchịkọta akụkọ niile n'akwụkwọ gbasara mmemme ihe nkiri.[90] Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm, na-ebo ndị nchịkọta akụkọ ndị ọzọ ebubo na ha bụ "ndị na-emegide mgbanwe". <ref name="suck">{{Cite book|title=Suck, the first European sex magazine|oclc=810282005}}</ref> Greer mechara kwuo na ebumnuche ya n'ịbanye na bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ bụ ịnwa ịdọpụ Suck na ihe nkiri na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ.[91] === Nwaanyị ọnaozi (1970) === {{Reflist|26em}} N'ịkọwa ihe mere o ji chọọ ide akwụkwọ ahụ, nkọwa ahụ gara n'ihu: "Nke mbụ, echere m na ọ bụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ mmehie m n'ịbụ nwanne nna Tom na mmekọahụ m. Anaghị m amasị ụmụ nwanyị. O yikarịrị ka m na-ekere òkè na nlelị niile na-enweghị mgbalị na amaghị ihe ndị ikom na-awụ ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ahụ, ọ kọwara 21 Eprel 1969 dị ka "ụbọchị akwụkwọ m malitere n'onwe ya, Janis Joplin na-abụ abụ n'ụtụtụ anyị na Albert Hall. "Stubo ụnyaahụ bụ Strumpet Voluntary - gịnị ka ọ ga-akụkọ anyị ga-eme ka ọ ga - anyị ga-agụ akwụkwọ Morning" <ref name="Bell31July1969">{{Cite news|author=Bell|first=Lynne|title=Doctor who refuses to be type-cast|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=31 July 1969|page=19}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwanyị ahụ ga-emecha taa ka ọ ga[98] N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1970, o bipụtara otu edemede na ''Oz'', "The Slag-Heap Erupts", nke nyere echiche ya n'ọdịnihu, ya bụ na ụmụ nwanyị ga-ata ụta maka mmegbu nke ha. "Ndị ikom anaghị amasị ụmụ nwanyị n'ezie", ka o dere, "nke ahụ bụkwa n'ezie ihe mere ha anaghị eji ha eme ihe. Ụmụ nwanyị anaghị amasị ha n'ezie, ha onwe ha nwekwara ike ịdabere n'iji ụmụ nwoke mee ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị. " Ọtụtụ ndị inyom Britain, gụnyere Angela Carter, Sheila Rowbotham na Michelene Wandor, jiri iwe zaghachi. [99][100] Wandor dere nzaghachi na ''Oz'', "Na njedebe nke Servile Penitude: Nzaghachi nye ike Germaine", na-ekwu na Greer na-ede banyere òtù ụmụ nwanyị nke ọ na-arụ ọrụ ọ bụla na nke ọ maghị ihe ọ bụla.[101] ] nke na-eleghara anya"): [128] na oriri nke ndị editọ si ''Oz'' bịara, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Tweedie|first=Jill|title=Goodbye love|work=The Guardian|date=28 September 1970|page=9}}; {{Cite news|author=Lyndon|first=Neil|authorlink=Neil Lyndon|title=Shooting down The Female Eunuch|url=https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/shooting-down-the-female-eunuch-d75bkm2t9jz|work=The Sunday Times|date=10 October 2010}}.</ref> MacGibbon & Kee bipụtara The Female Eunuch na UK na 12 Ọktoba 1970, raara ya nye Lillian Roxon na ụmụ nwanyị anọ ndị ọzọ.[103] Mbipụta mbụ nke 2 + 1⁄2 puku rere n'ụbọchị mbụ.<ref name="Byrne1986">{{Cite news|title=Germaine Greer on Marriage, Children And Society|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2016/1021/825887-germaine-greer-and-the-female-eunuch/|work=The Late Late Show|publisher=RTÉ|date=24 October 1986}}</ref> N'ikwu na ezinụlọ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ, ndị na-azụ ahịa, ndị na'ezinụlọ nuklia na-egbochi ma na-eme ka ụmụ nwanyị bụrụ ndị na-ere ahịa, akwụkwọ ahụ ghọrọ akwụkwọ kachasị mma na mba ụwa na ederede na-agbanwe agbanwe na òtù ụmụ nwanyị.[5] Dị ka Greer si kwuo, McGraw-Hill kwụrụ $ 29,000 maka ikike America na Bantam $ 135,000 maka akwụkwọ mpịakọta. Mbipụta Bantam kpọrọ Greer "Saucy feminist nke ọbụna ụmụ nwoke na-amasị", na-ehota magazin Life, na akwụkwọ "#1: okwu kachasị na nnwere onwe mmekọahụ".[107] Ọchịchọ dị ukwuu mgbe mbụ e bipụtara ya na a ga-ebipụtaghachi ya kwa ọnwa, ma ọ dịghị mgbe a kwụsịrị ibipụta ya.[108] Wallace dere banyere otu nwanyị nke fụchiri ya na akwụkwọ na-acha nchara nchara ma zoo ya n'okpuru akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya, n'ihi na di ya agaghị ekwe ka ọ gụọ ya.[109] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1998, ọ rere ihe karịrị otu nde na UK naanị. <ref name="McCann25Feb1998">{{Cite news|author=McCann|first=Paul|title=Greer paid pounds 1/2m for new 'Female Eunuch'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/greer-paid-pounds-12m-for-new-female-eunuch-1146787.html|work=The Independent|date=25 February 1998}}</ref>  Afọ 1970 bụ ihe dị mkpa maka feminism nke abụọ. N'ọnwa Febụwarị, ụmụ nwanyị 400 zutere na kọleji Ruskin, Oxford, maka ọgbakọ ntọhapụ ụmụ nwanyị Britain nke mbụ.[1] N'August, Kate Millett's Politics of Sexuality ka e bipụtara na New York;[2] na 26 August, Strike for Equality emume mere n'ofe United States; na na 31 August Millett Eserese Alice Neel dị na mkpuchi nke magazin Time, nke mgbe akwụkwọ ya rerela akwụkwọ 15,000 (ọ bụ ezie na December Time chere na nkwupụta ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ nwanyị nwere ike ime ka ndị mmadụ ghara ịnakwere ụmụ nwanyị).[3]. Septemba na Ọktọba hụrụ mbipụta nke Sisterhood Is Powerful, nke Robin Morgan deziri, na Shulamith Firestone's The Dialectic of Sex.[114] Na 6 Maachị 1971, yi uwe ndị nọn, Greer jiri ụmụ nwanyị 2,500 gafere etiti London na March nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị.[4] Ka ọ na-erule n’ọnwa ahụ, a sụgharịala akwụkwọ ahụ gaa n’asụsụ asatọ, ọ fọkwara obere ka erere mbipụta ya nke abụọ.[109] E bipụtara ya na United States site n'aka McGraw-Hill na 16 Eprel 1971.[5][6] Toast nke New York, Greer siri ọnwụ na-anọ na Chelsea Hotel, bụ ebe ndị ode akwụkwọ na ndị na-ese ihe na-agakarị, karịa na Algonquin Hotel ebe onye bipụtara ya debere ya akwụkwọ; A kwesịrị ịhazigharị akwụkwọ ya n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị chọrọ ịga.[7] Otu akwụkwọ nyocha akwụkwọ New York Times kọwara ya dị ka "[s] ix ụkwụ ogologo, na-enweghị ike ịma mma, nwere anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na profaịlụ na-echetara Garbo." Akwụkwọ mpịakọta Paladin sochiri, ya na ihe osise mkpuchi nke onye Britain na-ese ihe John Holmes, nke René Magritte nwere mmetụta,na-egosi ahụ nwanyị dị ka uwe na-akwụnye na okporo ụzọ, aka na úkwù ọ bụla. Clive Hamilton weere ya dị ka "ma eleghị anya mkpuchi akwụkwọ kachasị echeta na nke na-akpata nchegbu e mepụtara". N'iji ahụ tụnyere "ụfọdụ fibreglass a tụbara na usoro mmepụta ihe", Christine Wallace dere na ụdị mbụ Holmes bụ nwanyị na-enweghị ihu, na-enweghị ara, nwanyị gba ọtọ, "n'ụzọ doro anya Germaine ... ntutu na-adaba n'ụdị afro-frizzed, n'úkwù dị omimi n'ime ụyọkọ ara ejiji, nke a na-eche na ọ bụ nke e bepụrụ na okike nke 'nwaanyị ọnaozi' dabere na nkwekọba na nkwonkwo aka".[102] Farrar, Straus <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; Giroux bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ ọzọ n'afọ 2001 site n'aka Jennifer Baumgardner, onye isi nke atọ na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke usoro Feminist Classics nke onye na-ebipụta ya.[122] Dị ka Justyna Wlodarczyk si kwuo, Greer pụtara dị ka "onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ kachasị amasị nke atọ".[123]&nbsp;   The Female Eunuch na-enyocha otú ụwa nwoke na-achịkwa si emetụta mmetụta nke nwanyị banyere onwe ya, na otú echiche nke nwoke na nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ na-emebi echiche ụmụ nwanyị nke onwe, nnwere onwe, ike, na mmekọahụ. Ozi ya bụ na ụmụ nwanyị ga-eleba anya n'ime onwe ha maka nnwere onwe ha tupu ha enwee ike ịnwa ịgbanwe ụwa. N’usoro isiokwu e kewara gaa na nkebi ise—Ahụ, Mkpụrụ obi, Ịhụnanya, Ịkpọasị, na Mgbanwe—Greer na-enyocha echiche, akụkọ ifo, na nghọtahie ndị jikọtara ọnụ na-akpata mmegbu.[125] Ọ chịkọtara ozi akwụkwọ ahụ na 2018 dị ka "Mee ihe ị chọrọ ma hụ ihe ị na-eme n'anya ... Emela ya dị ka ịnyịnya ibu ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ka a na-emeso gị dị ka arse." [1] Wallace na-arụ ụka na nke a bụ ozi nke nnwere onwe, dabere na Sydney Push, kama nke sitere na ụmụ nwanyị oge ahụ.[127] Paragraf nke mbụ na-akọwa ọnọdụ akwụkwọ ahụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme ụmụ nwanyị (n'ihe odide mbụ, nkebi nke mbụ na-agụ: "Ruo ugbu a, mmegharị nnwere onwe nke ụmụ nwanyị dị ntakịrị, ihe ùgwù na nke na-eleghara anya"): [128]   ''Onye ọnaozi'' ahụ ji: "Ndị inyom nwere ihe ùgwù ga-agba mbọ ma chọọ itinye gị na 'ọgụ' maka mgbanwe, mana mgbanwe bụ ihe na-agbadata. A ghaghị imebi usoro ochie, ọ bụghị nke ọhụrụ. Ụmụ nwanyị dị ilu ga-akpọ gị ka ị nupụ isi, mana ị nwere ọtụtụ ihe ị ga-eme. Gịnị ka ị ga-emekarị?"[130] [[Faịlụ:Germaine_Greer,_Amsterdam,_June_1972.jpg|thumb|Greer na Amsterdam, 6 June 1972, na njem akwụkwọ maka The Female Eunuch''Nwanyị Eunuch'']] Abụọ n'ime isiokwu nke akwụkwọ ahụ gosipụtara ụzọ maka Mmekọahụ na Ọdịnihu afọ iri na anọ ka e mesịrị, ya bụ na ezinụlọ nuklia bụ ọnọdụ ọjọọ maka ụmụ nwanyị na maka ịzụlite ụmụaka, nakwa na mmepụta nke Mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị site na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ na-eweda ala ma na-egbochi. A na-eme ụmụ nwanyị ka ha bụrụ ụmụ nwanyị site na nwata site n'ịkụziri ha iwu ndị na-achịkwa ha. Ka oge na-aga, mgbe ụmụ nwanyị na-anabata ụdị nwanyị toro eto, ha na-azụlite ihere banyere ahụ ha, ma na-efunahụ ikike ha na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ enweghị ike, ịnọpụ iche, mmekọahụ dị ala, na enweghị ọṅụ. "Dị ka anụ ọhịa", ka ọ gwara ''The New York Times'' na Machị 1971, "ndị a na-akpụ akpụ n'ọrụ ugbo iji mezuo ebumnuche ndị ọzọ nke nna ha ukwu - ka ha bụrụ abụba ma ọ bụ mee ka ha dị nro - ewepụla ụmụ nwanyị ikike ha ime ihe. " Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwu na "[ndị] ụmụ nwanyị nwere obere ihe ọmụma banyere otú ụmụ nwoke si kpọrọ ha asị", ebe "[m] onwe ha amaghị omimi nke ịkpọasị ha. <ref name="weintraub22March1971">{{Cite news|first=Judith|author=Weintraub|date=March 22, 1971|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/05/09/specials/greer-shock.html|title=Germaine Greer&nbsp;– Opinions That May Shock the Faithful|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>[w] "Mmeghachi omume abụghị mgbanwe", ka o dere. "Ọ bụghị ihe ịrịba ama nke mgbanwe ebe ndị a na-emegbu emegbu na-eji omume nke ndị mmegbu eme ihe ma na-eme mmegbu n'onwe ha. Ọ bụghịkwa ihe ịrịbaanya nke mgbanwe mgbe ụmụ nwanyị ape ụmụ nwoke ... " Onye America na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị Betty Friedan, onye dere The Feminine Mystique (1963), chọrọ ka ụmụ nwanyị "ịha nhata nke ohere n'ime ọnọdụ dị ugbu a, nnwere onwe ịbanye n'ụwa nke ọnyá na obi", ka o kwuru.[133][134]&nbsp;   Greer nọ na mmekọrịta n'oge ahụ na Tony Gourvish, onye njikwa nke otu egwu egwu Britain Family, nke malitere mgbe ọ na-ede The Female Eunuch. Kleinhenz dere na ha biri ọnụ ruo oge ụfọdụ, mana Greer mechara chee na ọ na-erigbu onye ama ya, mmetụta ọ na-etolite na ndị enyi ya, dị ka Kleinhenz si kwuo.[145] Na June 1971 ọ ghọrọ onye edemede maka London Sunday Times . Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya kpọgara ya Vietnam, ebe o dere banyere "ụmụ agbọghọ na-agba akwụna" nke ndị agha America tụụrụ ime, na Bangladesh, ebe ọ gbara ụmụ nwanyị ndị ndị agha Pakistan dinara n'ike n'oge Agha Nnwere Onwe Bangladesh nke 1971.<ref name="Buchanan7Jan2018">{{Cite web|author=Buchanan|first=Rachel|title=Why it's time to acknowledge Germaine Greer, journalist|url=https://theconversation.com/why-its-time-to-acknowledge-germaine-greer-journalist-88958|work=The Conversation|date=7 January 2018}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBuchanan2018">Buchanan, Rachel (7 January 2018). [https://theconversation.com/why-its-time-to-acknowledge-germaine-greer-journalist-88958 "Why it's time to acknowledge Germaine Greer, journalist"]. ''The Conversation''.</cite></ref> N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1971, Greer, onye na-asụ Italian nke ọma, <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="651" href="./Tuscany" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tuscany">Tuscany-through-greers-eyes<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;title<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Tuscany through Greer's eyes<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;16 July 2020<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwDO4\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt432\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwDO8\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://library.unimelb.edu.au/asc/collections/highlights/collections/germainegreer/feature-images/tuscany-through-greers-eyes\" id=\"mwDPA\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Tuscany through Greer's eyes\"</a></nowiki>. 16 July 2020.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-150" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Germaine_Greer#cite_note-150 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> kwagara Cortona na Tuscany, ebe ọ gbazitere ''Il Palazzone'', ụlọ dị nso n'obodo ahụ. O mechara zụta ụlọ, ''Pianelli''.[147] Ọ gwara Richard Neville na ọ ga-anọpụ na England n'ihi iwu ụtụ isi ya.[148] Ọ nọrọ akụkụ nke oge okpomọkụ ahụ na Porto Cervo, ebe ezumike dị n'akụkụ osimiri, ya na Kenneth Tynan, onye nduzi nka nke Royal National Theatre, dị ka ndị ọbịa nke Michael White, onye na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri. Ìgwè ahụ na Princess Margaret, Lord Snowdon na Karim Aga Khan riri nri abalị n'otu mgbede. Greer ji obere akpa bịarute, tupu nri abalị ahụ, ọ chọpụtara na ikuku na-efe n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ efuru ntutu isi ya. Princess Margaret nọdụrụ Greer n'elu tebụl ejiji ya wee nọrọ nkeji ise na-asa ntutu isi ya. Isi ihe nke nleta maka Greer bụ ikwurịta ọrụ Tynan maka nsụgharị nke ''Lysistrata'' nke Aristophanes.[149]Nke mbụ e mere na 411 BCE, egwuregwu ahụ na-enyocha mgbalị ụmụ nwanyị mere iji manye njedebe nke Agha Peloponnesian site n'ịga n'ihu na Mmekọahụ. Emeghị ọrụ ahụ; Greer na Tynan dara n'oge njem ahụ, Greer wee hapụ Porto Cervo na anya mmiri.[151] Ntinye ya nke egwuregwu ahụ nwetara ekele na 1999, mgbe Phil Willmott rụgharịrị ma mepụta ya dị ka Germaine Greer's Lysistrata: The Sex Strike . Greer akọwaala nnwere onwe ọ nwere n'ụlọ ya na Ịtali, nke na-enweghị ọkụ eletrik mgbe mbụ ọ kwagara ebe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museumsandcollections.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/2803443/04_Buchanan-Greer-21.pdf|title='Here I let live, and am let live': Germaine Greer and Italy|first=Rachel|author=Buchanan|accessdate=3 March 2024}}</ref> Mgbe ọ bi na Ịtali, Greer gbara Primo Levi, Luciano Pavarotti, na enyi ya na onye ọ hụrụ n'anya Federico Fellini ajụjụ ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/apr/11/germaine-greer-federico-fellini|title=Federico Fellini wanted to cast me in Casanova. We ended up in bed together &#124; Germaine Greer|work=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=11 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1971, Nat Lehrman, onye so na kọmitii nchịkọta akụkọ ''Playboy'', gbara Greer ajụjụ ọnụ, onye si na United States gaa Ịtali iji gbaa ajụjụ ọnụ n'ụlọ ya. ''Playboy'' bipụtara isiokwu ahụ na Jenụwarị 1972: "Germaine Greer - a Candid Conversation with the Ballsy Author of The Female Eunuch". Ọ bụ n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ a ka o bu ụzọ kwurịta n'ihu ọha na [[Germaine Greer|e dinara ya n'ike]] n'afọ nke abụọ ya na Mahadum Melbourne.<ref name="Greer20March1995">{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=20 March 1995|title=The refusal to be bowed by brutality|work=[[The Guardian]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">Greer, Germaine (20 March 1995). "The refusal to be bowed by brutality". ''[[Onye nche|The Guardian]]''.</cite></ref> N'ịbụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa nkuzi ya na Warwick n'afọ ahụ.[157] Na Machị 1972, e jidere ya na New Zealand maka ikwu "bullshit" na "fuck" n'okwu n'oge njem, nke o kpachaara anya mee n'ihi na e jidere Tim Shadbolt (onye a ga-emecha bụrụ onye isi obodo Invercargill na 1993) n'oge na-adịbeghị anya maka otu ihe ahụ. Narị mmadụ isii gbakọtara n'èzí ụlọ ikpe ahụ, na-atụba jelly beans na àkwá na ndị uwe ojii. Mgbe ọ gbachitere onwe ya, a tọhapụrụ ya na 'bullshit' mana a mara ya ikpe maka 'fuck', Kleinhenz dere. N'ịbụ onye a mara ikpe ịga mkpọrọ, o kwuru na ya ga-akwụ ụgwọ kama, wee hapụ mba ahụ n'akwụghị ya.[158]&nbsp; Greer, onye dị afọ iri atọ na asaa n'oge ahụ, nwere mmekọrịta na 1976 na onye edemede [[Martin Amis]], onye dị n'afọ iri abụọ na isii n'oge a, nke a tụlere n'ihu ọha na 2015 mgbe ọ resịrị Mahadum Melbourne ihe ndekọ ya. N'ime ha, Margaret Simons chọpụtara akwụkwọ ozi 30,000 nke Greer malitere ide na 1 Machị 1976 mgbe ọ nọ na British Airways Monarch lounge na Heathrow Airport, wee gaa n'ihu n'oge njem nkuzi na United States, ọ bụ ezie na o doro anya na o ziteghị ya: "Ka kilomita na-agbakọta, achọtara m akwụkwọ ozi a siri ike ma sie ike ide. Ụdị m na-ada mbido dị ka ntụ. [160) A hapụrụ m akwụkwọ a na taxi ma ọ ga-efunahụ gị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ị ga-eji ya.[160]&nbsp; [[Faịlụ:Mcfarlin_ice.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ McFarlin, Mahadum TulsaMahadum nke Tulsa]] Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ. N'afọ 1984 ọ gara [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] iji kọọ banyere Ụnwụ nri 1983-1985 maka Daily Mail na ọzọ n'ọnwa Eprel 1985 maka The Observer. Maka nke ikpeazụ, o ji igwefoto Olympus na-akpaghị aka were foto wee gbaa kilomita 700 gaa Asosa, obodo nke Gọọmentị Etiopia na-ebugharị ndị mmadụ site na mpaghara ụnwụ nri. The Observer ebipụtaghị isiokwu abụọ 5,000 ọ nyere; n'echiche ya, ndị editọ ekwenyeghị n'echicha gọọmentị Mengistu. The New Worker bipụtara ha kama. Na Septemba 1985 ọ gara Etiopia ọzọ, n'oge a iji gosipụta ihe ngosi maka Channel 4 na UK. Mmekọahụ na akara aka: ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ọmụmụ mmadụ (1984) gara n'ihu na nkatọ Greer banyere àgwà ndị Ọdịda Anyanwụ n'ihe gbasara mmekọahụ, ọmụmụ, na ezinụlọ, yana itinye àgwà ndị ahụ n'ụwa ndị ọzọ. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya ọzọ gụnyere ezinụlọ nuklia, itinye aka gọọmentị na omume mmekọahụ, na ịzụ ahịa nke mmekọahụ na ahụ ụmụ nwanyị. O kwuru na nkwalite ọdịda anyanwụ nke igbochi ọmụmụ na Ụwa nke Atọ abụghị n'ụzọ dị ukwuu maka nchegbu maka ọdịmma mmadụ kama ọ bụ egwu ọdịnala na anyaụfụ nke ndị ọgaranya maka ọmụmụ nke ndị ogbenye. Omume mgbochi ọmụmụ emetọla site na mmalite ya, o dere, na-ezo aka na Marie Stopes na ndị ọzọ. Ọ dọrọ aka ná ntị megide ịkatọ ụdị ndụ na ụkpụrụ ezinụlọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe. N'afọ 1984, Greer zụrụ The Mills, ụlọ ọrụ ugbo nke Georgia na ala dị hekta atọ na Great Chesterford, Essex, England, ebe ọ kụrụ osisi dị otu hekta, nke o kwuru na ọ mere ka ọ dị mpako karịa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ o mere, ma gbalịa idebe "dị ka ebe mgbaba maka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eto eto" dịka o nwere ike.<ref name="TheMills" /> Mills ka bụ ụlọ Greer maka akụkụ nke afọ mgbe o rere ya na 2018; <ref name="TheMills">Greer, Germaine (11 March 2018). [https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/wildlife-nature/article/germaine-greer-offers-advice-for-the-next-owner-of-her-essex-home-ckcfn9p2r "Germaine Greer offers advice for the next owner of her Essex home"]. ''The Sunday Times''.<br /><br />{{Cite web|title=The Mills|url=https://assets.savills.com/properties/GBCARSCAS150149/CAS150149_CAS15002037.PDF|publisher=Savills|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602004903/https://assets.savills.com/properties/GBCARSCAS150149/CAS150149_CAS15002037.PDF|archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> ka ọ na-erule afọ 2016, ọ na-anọ ọnwa anọ n'afọ na Australia na ndị ọzọ na UK. <ref name="Dugdale7Nov2016">{{Cite news|author=Dugdale|first=Lynda|title=Germaine Greer: Not about to change|url=https://www.intheblack.com/articles/2016/11/07/germaine-greer-not-about-to-change|work=Intheblack|date=7 November 2016}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Germaine_Greer_and_Lewis_Wolpert_on_After_Dark_on_30_May_1994.jpg|thumb|Mụ na [[Lewis Wolpert]] na Channel 4's After Dark, 1994]] E bipụtara akwụkwọ ya ''Shakespeare'' (isiokwu PhD ya) na 1986 site na Oxford University Press dị ka akụkụ nke usoro Past Masters. ''The Madwoman's Underclothes: Essays and Occasional Writings'', nchịkọta nke isiokwu ya e dere n'etiti 1968 na 1985, pụtakwara n'afọ ahụ. Na June 1988, ya na Harold Pinter, Antonia Fraser, Ian McEwan, Margaret Drabble, Salman Rushdie, David Hare na ndị ọzọ, ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke "20th of June Group", nke kwadoro nnwere onwe obodo na England nke otu ahụ chere na a na-emebi; nke a bụ obere oge mgbe ewepụtara Akụkụ 28, nke gbochiri ụlọ akwụkwọ ịkụzi ndina ụdị onwe dị ka akụkụ dị mma nke ndụ ezinụlọ.[169] Ọ na-apụta mgbe niile na telivishọn na UK na Australia n'oge a, gụnyere na BBC's Have I Got News for You ọtụtụ ugboro site na 1990. N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1995, Andrew Neil gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ ogologo oge na ihe ngosi ajụjụ ọnụ ya bụ Is This Your Life? <ref>{{IMDb title|tt9800432|Is This Your Life?|(22 July 1995, Germaine Greer)}}</ref> N'afọ 1998, o dere otu ihe omume, "Make Love not War", maka usoro ihe omume telivishọn Cold War, n'afọ sochirinụ, ọ nọdụrụ maka foto gba ọtọ nke onye Australia na-ese foto Polly Borland. Ajụjụ ọnụ 1994 ya na Greer na The Big Issue, nke o kwuru na ya na onye ọ bụla dị njikere ịgbaso iwu ya ga-ebikọ ụlọ ya, a kọwara ya dị ka akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù maka ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ma mee ka ndị nta akụkọ na ụgbọ elu na-efe ala jupụta ya. Otu n'ime ndị nta akụkọ ahụ, onye nta akụkọ Mail on Sunday, jisiri ike banye ma jiri ile ọbịa ya mee ihe ruo ụbọchị abụọ, nke gụnyere Greer ịsa uwe ya ma kụziere ya otu esi eme achịcha.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=7 February 1994|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/02/07/Greer-to-sue-journalist-who-posed-as-a-homeless-man/3897760597200/|title=Greer to sue journalist who posed as a homeless man}}</ref> Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bipụtara akwụkwọ mpịakọta peeji atọ, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ahụ chọpụtara na ikpe mara ya maka aghụghọ na-abụghị maka ọdịmma ọha na eze.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/newspaper-breached-code-1432513.html|title=Newspaper breached code|work=[[The Independent]]|date=30 March 1994}}</ref> Natalie Angier, na-ede na ''The New York Times'', kpọrọ The Change: Women, Ageing, and the Menopause (1991) "oké iwe, obi ụtọ, iwe iwe nke akwụkwọ ... nke na-akpali akpali nke dị nso ịbụ onye nwere ike ịbụ onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na The Female Eunuch". N'ime ya, Greer dere banyere akụkọ ifo banyere nsọpụrụ - ma ọ bụ dịka ọ na-ahọrọ ịkpọ ya "oge kachasị njọ".<ref>{{Cite news|first=Natalie|author=Angier|authorlink=Natalie Angier|date=October 11, 1992|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/05/09/specials/greer-change.html|title=The Transit of Woman|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> "Ịtụ egwu ụmụ nwanyị bụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ", o dere na The Age n'afọ 2002. "A na-atụ ụmụ nwanyị egwu iji ọgwụgwọ hormone dochie anya site na amụma ọjọọ nke ọkpụkpụ na-ada ada, ọrịa obi, enweghị agụụ mmekọahụ, ịda mbà n'obi, obi nkoropụ, ọrịa na ọnwụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha ekwe ka okike gaa n'ihu. "Ọ na-ekwu na ịtụ ụmụ nwanyị egwu bụ "nnukwu azụmahịa ma baa uru dị ukwuu".<ref>{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=13 July 2002|url=https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/07/12/1026185109376.html|title=The Female Used|work=[[The Age]]}}</ref> E mezigharịrị akwụkwọ ahụ, gụnyere ozi ahụike, ma bipụtaghachi ya na 2018.&nbsp; === ''Slip-Shod Sibyls'' (1995) === N'afọ 2021, Greer laghachiri Australia iji ree ụlọ ya ma tinye onwe ya n'ụlọ nlekọta ndị agadi na Castlemaine, Victoria. Ọ nọrọ ọnwa iri wee pụọ n'ọnwa Eprel 2022 ka ya na nwanne ya nwoke biri. Ọ kọwara onwe ya dị ka "ọ bụghị onye ọrịa, kama ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ" n'ụlọ nlekọta ndị agadi. O kwuru na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ụlọ nlekọta karịa ụmụ nwoke ma kwuo na nlekọta ndị agadi bụ nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị na-akpali akpali.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-05|title=Females to the fore: The women at this year's Canberra Writers Festival|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7846103/females-to-the-fore-the-women-at-this-years-canberra-writers-festival/|accessdate=2022-09-09|work=The Canberra Times|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Overington|first=Caroline|date=1 July 2022|title=Germaine Greer's life as an aged-care 'inmate'|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/germaine-greer-life-as-an-agedcare-inmate/news-story/d8072017b7701420a65b498d275dd357|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703053353/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/germaine-greer-life-as-an-agedcare-inmate/news-story/d8072017b7701420a65b498d275dd357|archivedate=July 3, 2022|accessdate=August 10, 2024|work=The Australian}}</ref> == Ebe ndebe ihe ochie nke Germaine Greer == Greer rere ihe ndekọ ya na 2013 na Mahadum Melbourne . Ka ọ na-erule June 2018 ọ na-ekpuchi oge 1959-2010, na-ejupụta igbe nchekwa 487 na mita 82 nke oghere shelf . Mbufe nke ihe ncheta (150 faịlụ-cabinet drawers) site n'ụlọ Greer na England malitere na July 2014; mahadum mara ọkwa na ọ na-akpata nde $ 3 iji kwado ịzụta, mbupu, ụlọ, katalọgụ na digitization. Greer kwuru na a ga-enye onyinye ya maka ọrụ ebere ya, Friends of Gondwana Rainforest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=University to house Germaine Greer archive|url=http://www.campaign.unimelb.edu.au/news-and-events/2013-10-28-university-to-house-germaine-greer-archive|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109020158/http://www.campaign.unimelb.edu.au/news-and-events/2013-10-28-university-to-house-germaine-greer-archive|archivedate=9 November 2013|publisher=University of Melbourne|date=28 October 2013}}</ref> Kaadị ndepụta nke nwere ozi osisi ezinụlọ Greer, nke a chịkọtara mgbe ọ na-eme nchọpụta n'akwụkwọ ya Daddy, We Hardly Knew You, bụ nke State Library of Victoria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Index cards ca. 1990. [manuscript].|url=https://find.slv.vic.gov.au/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=L&vid=61SLV_INST:SLV&search_scope=slv_local&tab=searchProfile&docid=alma9916351273607636|accessdate=2025-04-30|work=find.slv.vic.gov.au|language=en}}</ref> == Hụkwa == == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==   == Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala == == Edensibia == === eIhe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ === [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0lhi1v547llw4qc97nuzdqrl0jwi6hw 0 74385 692111 630760 2026-07-29T17:49:44Z SafariScribe 18560 SafariScribe moved page [[Ahụike, Ihe Iche & Ọha]] to [[Health, Risk & Society]]: Misspelled title 630760 wikitext text/x-wiki Akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị ọgbọ nyochachara gbasara akụkụ niile nke nyocha ihe egwu gbasara nsogbu ahụike. E hiwere ya n'afọ 1999 ma Taylor & Francis bipụtara ya. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ bụ Patrick Brown nke Mahadum Amsterdam, Netherlands. == Nchịkọta na ndepụta == A na-ewepụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ma tinye ya na:   Dịka Journal Citation Reports si kwuo, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwere ihe mmetụta nke 2014 nke 1.397.<ref name="WoS">{{Cite book|year=2014|chapter=Health Risk & Society|title=2014 Journal Citation Reports|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|edition=Science|series=[[Web of Science]]}}</ref> {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| * [[CINAHL]] * [[Cambridge Scientific Abstracts]] * [[Current Contents]]/Social & Behavioral Sciences<ref name=ISI>{{cite web |url=http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |title=Master Journal List |publisher=* [[Thomson Reuters]] |work=Intellectual Property & Science |accessdate=2015-10-01 |archive-date=2017-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926150543/http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=2017-09-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926150543/http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ }}</ref> * [[EBSCO Information Services|EBSCO databases]] * [[International Bibliography of the Social Sciences]] * [[PsycINFO]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apa.org/pubs/databases/psycinfo/coverage.aspx |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |title=PsycINFO Journal Coverage |accessdate=2015-06-09}}</ref> * [[Psychological Abstracts]] * [[Scopus]]<ref name=Scopus>{{cite web |url=http://www.elsevier.com/online-tools/scopus/content-overview |title=Content overview |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |work=Scopus |accessdate=2015-10-01}}</ref> * [[Social Sciences Citation Index]]<ref name=ISI/> * [[Studies on Women and Gender Abstracts]] }} According to the ''[[Journal Citation Reports]]'', the journal has a 2014 [[impact factor]] of 1.397.<ref name=WoS/> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website dalr597iitkljuoq1lhphmq12bewys9 692113 692111 2026-07-29T17:50:21Z SafariScribe 18560 /* */ ce 692113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Health, Risk & Society''''' bu akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị ọgbọ nyochachara gbasara akụkụ niile nke nyocha ihe egwu gbasara nsogbu ahụike. E hiwere ya n'afọ 1999 ma Taylor & Francis bipụtara ya. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ bụ Patrick Brown nke Mahadum Amsterdam, Netherlands. == Nchịkọta na ndepụta == A na-ewepụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ma tinye ya na:   Dịka Journal Citation Reports si kwuo, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwere ihe mmetụta nke 2014 nke 1.397.<ref name="WoS">{{Cite book|year=2014|chapter=Health Risk & Society|title=2014 Journal Citation Reports|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|edition=Science|series=[[Web of Science]]}}</ref> {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| * [[CINAHL]] * [[Cambridge Scientific Abstracts]] * [[Current Contents]]/Social & Behavioral Sciences<ref name=ISI>{{cite web |url=http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |title=Master Journal List |publisher=* [[Thomson Reuters]] |work=Intellectual Property & Science |accessdate=2015-10-01 |archive-date=2017-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926150543/http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=2017-09-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926150543/http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ }}</ref> * [[EBSCO Information Services|EBSCO databases]] * [[International Bibliography of the Social Sciences]] * [[PsycINFO]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apa.org/pubs/databases/psycinfo/coverage.aspx |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |title=PsycINFO Journal Coverage |accessdate=2015-06-09}}</ref> * [[Psychological Abstracts]] * [[Scopus]]<ref name=Scopus>{{cite web |url=http://www.elsevier.com/online-tools/scopus/content-overview |title=Content overview |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |work=Scopus |accessdate=2015-10-01}}</ref> * [[Social Sciences Citation Index]]<ref name=ISI/> * [[Studies on Women and Gender Abstracts]] }} According to the ''[[Journal Citation Reports]]'', the journal has a 2014 [[impact factor]] of 1.397.<ref name=WoS/> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website 47gxcbzl95pve9ho0hs9dz8mrrb98t0 692114 692113 2026-07-29T17:50:45Z SafariScribe 18560 /* */ ce 692114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} '''''Health, Risk & Society''''' bu akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị ọgbọ nyochachara gbasara akụkụ niile nke nyocha ihe egwu gbasara nsogbu ahụike. E hiwere ya n'afọ 1999 ma Taylor & Francis bipụtara ya. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ bụ Patrick Brown nke Mahadum Amsterdam, Netherlands. == Nchịkọta na ndepụta == A na-ewepụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ma tinye ya na:   Dịka Journal Citation Reports si kwuo, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwere ihe mmetụta nke 2014 nke 1.397.<ref name="WoS">{{Cite book|year=2014|chapter=Health Risk & Society|title=2014 Journal Citation Reports|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|edition=Science|series=[[Web of Science]]}}</ref> {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| * [[CINAHL]] * [[Cambridge Scientific Abstracts]] * [[Current Contents]]/Social & Behavioral Sciences<ref name=ISI>{{cite web |url=http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |title=Master Journal List |publisher=* [[Thomson Reuters]] |work=Intellectual Property & Science |accessdate=2015-10-01 |archive-date=2017-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926150543/http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=2017-09-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926150543/http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ }}</ref> * [[EBSCO Information Services|EBSCO databases]] * [[International Bibliography of the Social Sciences]] * [[PsycINFO]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apa.org/pubs/databases/psycinfo/coverage.aspx |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |title=PsycINFO Journal Coverage |accessdate=2015-06-09}}</ref> * [[Psychological Abstracts]] * [[Scopus]]<ref name=Scopus>{{cite web |url=http://www.elsevier.com/online-tools/scopus/content-overview |title=Content overview |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |work=Scopus |accessdate=2015-10-01}}</ref> * [[Social Sciences Citation Index]]<ref name=ISI/> * [[Studies on Women and Gender Abstracts]] }} According to the ''[[Journal Citation Reports]]'', the journal has a 2014 [[impact factor]] of 1.397.<ref name=WoS/> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website ba0nynjph4g8r3dpidzlckjxip1bp4t 692115 692114 2026-07-29T17:51:14Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Nchịkọta na ndepụta */ ce 692115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} '''''Health, Risk & Society''''' bu akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị ọgbọ nyochachara gbasara akụkụ niile nke nyocha ihe egwu gbasara nsogbu ahụike. E hiwere ya n'afọ 1999 ma Taylor & Francis bipụtara ya. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ bụ Patrick Brown nke Mahadum Amsterdam, Netherlands. == Nchịkọta na ndepụta == A na-ewepụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ma tinye ya na:   Dịka Journal Citation Reports si kwuo, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwere ihe mmetụta nke 2014 nke 1.397.<ref name="WoS">{{Cite book|year=2014|chapter=Health Risk & Society|title=2014 Journal Citation Reports|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|edition=Science|series=[[Web of Science]]}}</ref> {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| * [[CINAHL]] * [[Cambridge Scientific Abstracts]] * [[Current Contents]]/Social & Behavioral Sciences<ref name=ISI>{{cite web |url=http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |title=Master Journal List |publisher= [[Thomson Reuters]] |work=Intellectual Property & Science |accessdate=2015-10-01 |archive-date=2017-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926150543/http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=2017-09-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926150543/http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ }}</ref> * [[EBSCO Information Services|EBSCO databases]] * [[International Bibliography of the Social Sciences]] * [[PsycINFO]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apa.org/pubs/databases/psycinfo/coverage.aspx |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |title=PsycINFO Journal Coverage |accessdate=2015-06-09}}</ref> * [[Psychological Abstracts]] * [[Scopus]]<ref name=Scopus>{{cite web |url=http://www.elsevier.com/online-tools/scopus/content-overview |title=Content overview |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |work=Scopus |accessdate=2015-10-01}}</ref> * [[Social Sciences Citation Index]]<ref name=ISI/> * [[Studies on Women and Gender Abstracts]] }} According to the ''[[Journal Citation Reports]]'', the journal has a 2014 [[impact factor]] of 1.397.<ref name=WoS/> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website k8bm8aqet5mbu8bgb1sqyl5r4gbzfrt 0 74386 692519 620730 2026-07-30T09:25:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692519 wikitext text/x-wiki Ọmụmụ Ihe Ugwu Ukwu Smoky bụ ọmụmụ ihe ogologo oge nke William Copeland (prọfesọ) si Duke University Medical Center duziri, nke malitere n'afọ 1993 ma kwụsị n'afọ 2003. O sochiri ụmụaka puku na narị anọ na ịrị abụọ si ọdịda anyanwụ North Carolina. A gbara ndị sonyere ajụjụ ọnụ ruo oge itoolu - nke mbụ dị afọ 9 ruo 16, ọzọkwa mgbe ha dị afọ 19–21.<ref name="MyUser_News.nationalgeographic.com_October_8_2015c">{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/05/140512-bullying-health-depression-stress-science/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516050743/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/05/140512-bullying-health-depression-stress-science/|archivedate=May 16, 2014|title=Bullying's Long-Term Effects Seen in Both the Bullied and the Bully|date=|author=|accessdate=October 8, 2015}}</ref><ref name="MyUser_Devepi.duhs.duke.edu_October_8_2015c">{{Cite web|url=http://devepi.duhs.duke.edu/gsms.html|title=Duke Developmental Epidemiology Program|date=|author=|accessdate=October 8, 2015|archivedate=November 9, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109222819/https://devepi.duhs.duke.edu/gsms.html}}</ref> Afọ anọ n'ime nnyocha ahụ, ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ezinụlọ ahụ hụrụ mmụba dị egwu na nke a na-atụghị anya ya na ego ha na-enweta. Ha bụ ndị otu Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, a ka wuru cha cha n'ebe ahụ. Site n'oge ahụ gaa n'ihu, nwa amaala agbụrụ ọ bụla nwetara òkè nke uru (ihe dị ka $ 4,000 / afọ maka onye ọ bụla). <ref name="MyUser_The_Washington_Post_October_8_2015c">{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/10/08/the-remarkable-ways-a-little-money-can-change-a-childs-personality-for-life/|title=The remarkable thing that happens to poor kids when you give their parents a little money|date=|author=|accessdate=October 8, 2015}}</ref> Nnyocha ahụ gosiri na n'etiti ụmụaka ndị a, nsogbu omume na mmetụta uche belatara, na akọ na uche na nkwenye mụbara.<ref name="MyUser_The_Washington_Post_October_8_2015c" /> [[Randall Akee]] kwuru na "Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume imepụtaghachi ụdị ọmụmụ a".<ref name="MyUser_The_Washington_Post_October_8_2015c" /> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} thled0uhr5ejtdg30sc8f2fy14nl5ur 0 74460 692586 672672 2026-07-30T10:58:58Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692586 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Alicia Garza.jpg|thumb|Alicia Garza]]   Alicia Garza (née Schwartz; amuru Jenụwarị 4, 1981) bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ikike obodo America na onye ode akwụkwọ mara maka ịtọ ntọala Black Lives Matter Movement. Ọ bụ onye a ma ama maka ikpe ziri ezi na-elekọta mmadụ, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu metụtara obodo ndị na-enweghị isi, gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ndị LGBTQ ++, na ndị kwabatara. Garza bụkwa odee na ọkà okwu ọha. Odewo ọtụtụ ihe gbasara agbụrụ, okike, na ikpe ziri ezi, ọrụ ya apụtawokwa n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Ebipụtala ihe odide ya na Time, Mic, Marie Claire, Elle, Essence, The Guardian, The Nation, The Feminist Wire, Rolling Stone, HuffPost, na Truthout. Garza has worked with organizations such as the National Domestic Workers Alliance and the Black Futures Lab, which focuses on building political power for Black communities. She has also engaged in community organizing efforts and initiatives aimed at creating systemic change and challenging inequality. Garza jere ozi dị ka onye otu ụlọ ọrụ nke Forward Together's Oakland branch, Black Organizing for Leadership and Dignity, na Oakland's School of Unity and Liberation / SOUL. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Garza n'aka Nne naanị ya na Oakland, California. Ezinụlọ ya biri na mbụ na San Rafael na Tiburon, ma na-azụ ahịa ihe ochie, nke nwanne ya nwoke Joey, nke ji afọ asatọ tọọ ya, nyere aka mgbe e mesịrị. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Alicia tinyere aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-akwalite agụmakwụkwọ mmekọahụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ banyere [[Ibelata ịmụ ọtụtụ ụmụ|igbochi ọmụmụ]].<ref name="Launch">{{Cite book|author=Marlene Wagman-Geller|title=Women Who Launch: Women Who Shattered Glass Ceilings|date=2018|publisher=Mango Media|isbn=9781633536968}}</ref> N'ịbanye aha na Mahadum California, San Diego (UCSD), ọ gara n'ihu na ọrụ ya site n'ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ụmụ akwụkwọ ma sonye n'òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ na-akpọ maka ụgwọ dị elu maka ndị na-elekọta mahadum. In her final year at college, she helped organize the first Women of Color Conference, a university-wide convocation held at UCSD in 2002. She graduated in 2002 with a degree in anthropology and sociology.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Modern HERstory|author=Imani|first=Blair|publisher=Ten Speed Press|year=2018|isbn=978-0-399-58223-3|location=California|pages=24}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Ịdị n'Otu na Nnwere Onwe (SOUL) === N'afọ 2003, Garza laghachiri na Bay Area, ebe ọ malitere mmemme ọzụzụ na agụmakwụkwọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na School of Unity and Liberation (SOUL) nke kụziiri ndị na-eto eto na-acha uhie uhie otu esi ahazi, site na itinye ha na òtù ndị dị n'ógbè na West Oakland. Garza malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Just Cause Oakland . <ref name=":06">{{Cite web|date=2015-11-12|title=The Bay Area Roots of Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510203728/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archivedate=May 10, 2021|accessdate=2021-05-10|work=SF Weekly|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ndị jikọtara ọnụ maka ndụ ka mma na Oakland (PUEBLO) === N'ịmecha ọzụzụ ya na SOUL, Garza sonyeere mkpọsa nke nyochara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ịbawanye nchekwa akụ na ụba maka People Of Color, na ịbawanye nchebe obodo. Ọrụ mbụ ya na PUEBLO bụ ịnakọta mmegide obodo na East Oakland megide Walmart.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-12|title=The Bay Area Roots of Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|accessdate=2021-05-11|work=SF Weekly|language=en-US|archivedate=May 10, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510203728/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị mgbalị ahụ, Walmart mbụ na mpaghara ahụ meghere na 2005. === Ndị A haziri iji nweta ikike ọrụ (POWER) === Garza sooro otu ndị isi POWER rụọ ọrụ na Bayview-Hunters Point, ebe ọ kwadoro ikpe ziri ezi maka akụ na ụba, gburugburu ebe obibi, agbụrụ, na okike site n'ịkwalite ụlọ ọha na eze na ohere njem, ma lụọ ọgụ megide ọrụ mmepe na-ese okwu, ọ bụ ezie na emesịrị merie atụmatụ ọ kwadoro. <ref name=":06" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=People Organized to Win Employment Rights|url=https://www.idealist.org/en/nonprofit/fb4b977cba7e4b4e9a84f368ec0cd1a3-people-organized-to-win-employment-rights-san-francisco#:~:text=Win%20Employment%20Rights?-,About%20Us,,%20racial,%20and%20gender%20justice.|accessdate=2021-05-31|work=www.idealist.org|language=en|archivedate=June 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214320/https://www.idealist.org/en/nonprofit/fb4b977cba7e4b4e9a84f368ec0cd1a3-people-organized-to-win-employment-rights-san-francisco#:~:text=Win%20Employment%20Rights?-,About%20Us,,%20racial,%20and%20gender%20justice.}}</ref> === National Domestic Workers Alliance === Mgbe ọ gachara ezumike nká dị mkpirikpi, Garza sonyeere National Domestic Workers Alliance, na-emepụta mmemme lekwasịrị anya na ndị ọrụ ụlọ ojii. Obere oge tupu nke ahụ, ya na Patrisse Cullors na Opal Tometi guzobere Black Lives Matter.   Yana Opal Tometi na Patrisse Cullors, Garza chepụtara hashtag Black Lives Matter. [1] [2] A na-ekwu na ọ kpaliri okwu ahụ mgbe, mgbe George Zimmerman kwụsịrị igbu ọchụ na ọnwụ nke Trayvon Martin na July 2013, o dere na Facebook: "Ọ ka na-eju m anya na ndụ ojii ole na ole dị mkpa ... Ndụ anyị dị mkpa." Cullors kesara nke a na hashtag #BlackLivesMatter. O chekwara na Trayvon Martin yiri nwanne ya nwoke nke nta, Joey, nakwa na e nwere ike igbu Joey kama. Òtù Black Lives Matter sitere na igbu ndị uwe ojii, ọdịiche agbụrụ n'ime usoro iwu mpụ nke US, ịtụ ndị mmadụ mkpọrọ, itinye ndị uwe ojii n'ọrụ agha, na ime mpụ gabigara ókè.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|first=Darren|author=Sands|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/darrensands/what-happened-to-black-lives-matter|title=What Happened To Black Lives Matter?|work=[[BuzzFeed News]]|date=June 21, 2017|language=en|accessdate=December 8, 2019|archivedate=December 12, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212143402/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/darrensands/what-happened-to-black-lives-matter}}</ref> Karịsịa, a mụrụ òtù ahụ na post Garza ghọrọ ihe a ma ama mgbe ngagharị iwe pụtara na Ferguson, Missouri, mgbe ọnwụ Michael Brown gasịrị. Garza duuru 2015 Freedom Ride gaa Ferguson, nke Cullors na Darnell Moore haziri, bụ ndị bidoro mmegharị Black Lives Matter gafee United States na gburugburu ụwa.[1] Garza anaghị ewere mmegharị Black Lives Matter ka ọ bụrụ ihe okike ya; ọ na-ahụ ọrụ ya dị ka nanị ịga n'ihu nke nguzogide ndị isi ojii na America.[2] A na-ekwupụta mmegharị ahụ na ọsụ ụzọ Garza na-eji mgbasa ozi ọha na eze hazie na United States, omume a maara dị ka "mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi." Ejila omume a na mmegharị ndị ọzọ, dịka #MeToo.[3] === Nwanyị A naghị anabata === N'April 10, 2020, Garza wepụtara podcast ya, "Lady Don't Take No", nke akpọrọ aha egwu "Lady Do't Tek No" nke Latyrx. Ọ bụ ụtụ maka Bay Area, ebe ọ na-atụle "nkọwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụkụ nke ndụmọdụ mara mma".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lateefah Simon's Edges|url=https://lady-dont-take-no.simplecast.com/episodes/lateefah-simons-edges|accessdate=2021-05-10|work=lady-dont-take-no.simplecast.com|archivedate=May 11, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115638/https://lady-dont-take-no.simplecast.com/episodes/lateefah-simons-edges}}</ref> === Akwụkwọ === Akwụkwọ mbụ Garza, The Purpose of Power: How We Come Together When We Fall Apart, bụ nke Penguin Random House bipụtara n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020. N'ịbụ nke a kọwara dị ka "onye nduzi dị mkpa", akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọ akụkọ Garza dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike ma na-ekerịta ihe mmụta maka ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe n'ọdịnihu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kassahun|first=Tomas|title=Blavity News & Politics|url=https://blavity.com/black-lives-matter-co-founder-alicia-garza-to-release-new-book-the-purpose-of-power-this-fall|accessdate=2020-07-17|work=Blavity News & Politics|language=en|archivedate=July 17, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717151023/https://blavity.com/black-lives-matter-co-founder-alicia-garza-to-release-new-book-the-purpose-of-power-this-fall}}</ref>   "Ihe omuma m na BLM mere ka akpụkpọ ahụ m sie ike ma mee ka obi m dị nro... ọ kụziiri m otu esi etinye aka n'ọrụ nke na-agbaji obi m kwa ụbọchị", <ref>{{Cite book|author=Garza|first=Alicia|title=The Purpose of Power: How We Come Together When We Fall Apart|year=2020}}</ref> Garza dere n'akwụkwọ ahụ. Mgbe a jụrụ ya maka okwu a n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Angelica Ross, Garza zaghachiri, "Achọrọ m ka ndị mmadụ hụ n'okpuru okpu na n'okpuru ákwà mgbochi nke ihe na-eme n'ọrụ a. Enwere m ahụmịhe nke mmetụta dị ka a napụghị m maka ọrụ a, achọrọ m ime ka mmegharị ahụ bụrụ mmadụ". Garza bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-egbochi ụgbọ okporo ígwè BART na Oakland, California, na 2014. Ozugbo ngagharị iwe a kwụsịrị, ọ malitere ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị isi ikike obodo. Garza bụ ugbu a onye Africa America nke iri abụọ na asaa kachasị nwee mmetụta (n'azụ onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ, Patrisse Cullors) na Root 100, ndepụta kwa afọ nke ndị isi ojii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Root 100 - The Most Influential African Americans In 2020|url=https://interactives.theroot.com/root-100-2020/|accessdate=2021-05-11|work=The Root|archivedate=June 7, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607163646/https://interactives.theroot.com/root-100-2020/}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwu okwu n'ihu ndị na-ege ntị n'ofe mba ahụ, site na ụlọ nzukọ ndị otu gaa n'ọfịs United Nations nke High Commission on Human Rights . <ref name=":06" /> == Ọrụ ndị ọzọ == ''The Guardian'', <ref>{{Cite news|title=Profile Alicia Garza|url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/alicia-garza|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=October 15, 2015}}</ref> The Nation, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Alicia Garza|url=http://www.thenation.com/authors/alicia-garza/|work=The Nation|date=February 23, 2015|accessdate=October 15, 2015|archivedate=June 8, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608152536/https://www.thenation.com/authors/alicia-garza/}}</ref> The Feminist Wire, <ref name="FeministWire">{{Cite web|author=Garza|first=Alicia|title=A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement|url=http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/|work=The Feminist Wire|accessdate=October 15, 2015|archivedate=May 30, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530170051/https://thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/}}</ref> Rolling Stone, HuffPost, na Truthout bipụtara edemede Garza. Ọ na-eduzi ọrụ pụrụ iche ugbu a na National Domestic Workers Alliance . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/morgansimon/2020/02/19/black-futures-month-alicia-garza--economic-justice-across-gender/|title=Black Futures Month: Alicia Garza & Economic Justice Across Gender|author=Simon|first=Morgan|work=[[Forbes]]|language=en|date=February 19, 2020|accessdate=April 27, 2020|archivedate=June 5, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605005250/https://www.forbes.com/sites/morgansimon/2020/02/19/black-futures-month-alicia-garza--economic-justice-across-gender/}}</ref> Garza rụrụ ọrụ mbụ dị ka onye isi ndị mmadụ ahaziri iji nweta ikike ọrụ (POWER) na mpaghara San Francisco Bay. N'oge ahụ, ọ kwadoro ikike nke ndị ntorobịa iji ụgbọ njem ọha na-akwụghị ụgwọ na San Francisco, ma na-ebuso agha megide mmegbu na obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii na mpaghara ahụ.[1] Garza bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ọtụtụ ndị otu obodo Bay Area. Ọ na-eje ozi na bọọdụ ndị isi nke Forward Together's Oakland California isi ma sonye na Black Organizing for Leadership and Dignity. [2] Ọ na-ejekwa ozi na bọọdụ ndị isi maka ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ịdị n'otu na nnwere onwe (SOUL) nke Oakland. [3] Na 2011, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Right to the City Alliance.[4] N'afọ 2015, a họpụtara Garza ka ọ bụrụ Community Grand Marshal maka ememe nganga nke 2015, ebe a na-ewere ya dị ka dike obodo na Oakland maka onyinye ya nye ndị LGBTQ na obodo niile. Ihe karịrị iri na abụọ ndị nhazi na ndị na-akwado Black Lives Matter mere njem na Nganga Nganga n'azụ Garza, onye nọdụrụ n'akụkụ onye na-akwado ikike transgender Miss Major, Community Grand Marshal nke afọ gara aga.[1] === Okwu === Garza presented at the 2016 Bay Area Rising event, speaking about the propagation of Black Lives Matter and human rights.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alicia Garza Speaking at Bay Area Rising 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1Bn1h3YZis|work=YouTube|date=February 17, 2016|accessdate=September 22, 2017|archivedate=April 19, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419132103/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1Bn1h3YZis&gl=US&hl=en}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2021)">better<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>source<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> In her 2017 speech to graduating students from San Francisco State University, Garza praised the indomitable spirit of Black women who laid the foundation for activism. She emphasized their crucial role in historical events, from the Underground Railroad to contemporary protest songs. Garza recognized the significant impact of Black women voters and celebrated their magic, resilience, and diverse contributions.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/blm-alicia-garza-dedicates-commencement-black-women_n_592d7b10e4b053f2d2ae3945|title=BLM Co-Founder Delivers Ode To Black Women During Commencement Speech: 'We Are Magic'|author=Finley|first=Taryn|date=May 30, 2017|work=[[HuffPost]]|language=en|accessdate=December 8, 2019|archivedate=October 18, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018033655/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/blm-alicia-garza-dedicates-commencement-black-women_n_592d7b10e4b053f2d2ae3945}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza represents grad students with powerful speech|work=[[YouTube]]|date=May 26, 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VemmBIKWyhE|language=en|accessdate=December 8, 2019|archivedate=October 18, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018033710/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VemmBIKWyhE}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, Garza bụ onye isi okwu na mmemme mmalite nke UC San Diego na 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Past Ceremonies|url=https://commencement.ucsd.edu/past-ceremonies/index.html|accessdate=2023-07-04|work=commencement.ucsd.edu}}</ref> Garza sonyere na mgbalị ịkwụsị ụgbọ okporo ígwè Bay Area Rapid Transit maka awa anọ na ọkara, oge ahọrọ iji gosipụta oge a hapụrụ ozu Michael Brown n'okporo ámá mgbe e gburu ya. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe kwụsịrị ụgbọ oloko ahụ ruo otu awa na ọkara site na ijide onwe ha n'ime ụgbọ oloko na n'èzí, na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume imechi ọnụ ụzọ. Ihe omume ahụ kwụsịrị mgbe ndị uwe ojii wepụrụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe site n'ịkwatu akụkụ nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Heather|title=Meet the BART-stopping Woman Behind "Black Lives Matter|url=http://grist.org/politics/stopping-a-bart-train-in-michael-browns-name/|work=Grist Magazine|date=December 4, 2014|accessdate=October 15, 2015|archivedate=October 15, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015224450/http://grist.org/politics/stopping-a-bart-train-in-michael-browns-name/}}</ref> == Ịrụ ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == === Nnukwu nzukọ === Ewubere Supermajority n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2019 ma lekwasịrị anya na iwulite ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ụmụ nwanyị America.[1] Garza, Cecile Richards na Ai-jen Poo tọrọ ntọala Supermajority. Supermajority bu n'obi "zụọ ma kpalie ụmụ nwanyị abụọ n'ofe America ka ha bụrụ ndị nhazi, ndị na-eme ihe ike, na ndị isi tupu ntuli aka 2020" iji mepụta "otu agbụrụ na agbụrụ dị iche iche maka ịha nhata ụmụ nwanyị".[1][2] Otu n'ime isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Supermajority bụ ịmepụta "nkwekọrịta ụmụ nwanyị ọhụrụ", na okwu ndị dị ka "ikike ịtụ vootu, njikwa egbe, atụmatụ ezinụlọ, na ụgwọ ha nhata" dị ka "okwu onye ọ bụla" maka nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 2020, na iji wuo ihe nnọchianya maka umu nwanyi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[3] [4] Na ntuli aka nke 2020, onye nchoputa Cecile Richards kwuru na "[otu ahụ ga-aga nke ọma] ma ọ bụrụ na 54% nke ndị ntuli aka na mba a bụ ụmụ nwanyị na ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere ike itinye na obodo a okwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na-eche banyere ha wee họrọ onye isi ala nke kpebisiri ike ime ihe banyere ha. " [5] === Ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị isi ojii === Na 2018, Garza weputara Black Futures Lab, nke bu n'obi na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị otu na-akwado ịkwalite amụma na-ewusi obodo ojii ike.[1] Ọrụ mbụ nke Black Futures Lab rụrụ bụ ọrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ojii, nyocha kachasị ukwuu nke ndị isi ojii kemgbe arụgharịrị na United States.[2] Nnyocha ahụ gụnyere ajụjụ gbasara isiokwu ndị dị ka àgwà ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ikere òkè, ahụmahụ na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii, echiche nke òtù ọha mmadụ, ịnweta nlekọta ahụike, na ọdịmma akụ na ụba. Black Future Labs bu n'obi iji Project Census Project chọpụta amụma dị mkpa na okwu gbasara iwu. Garza kewara oru ngo ọnụ ọgụgụ ojii ka ọ bụrụ ọmụmụ ihe dị iche iche lekwasịrị anya na ndị isi ojii LGBTQ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ojii na United States.[3] === Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2016 === Ọ bụ ezie na Garza akatọwo [[Donald Trump]], <ref>{{Cite web|author=Givens|first=Orie|title=Queer Black Lives Matter Founders Put 'Terrorist' Trump Among 'Worst Fascists in History'|url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/2016/7/22/queer-black-lives-matter-founders-put-terrorist-trump-among-worst-facists-history|work=The Advocate|accessdate=August 9, 2016|date=July 22, 2016|archivedate=August 3, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803211211/http://www.advocate.com/politics/2016/7/22/queer-black-lives-matter-founders-put-terrorist-trump-among-worst-facists-history}}</ref> ọ katọkwara [[Barack Obama]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Lives Matter Co-Founder: Obama Overlooked Black Women|url=http://blacklivesmatter.com/category/alicia-garza|work=Black Lives Matter|accessdate=August 9, 2016|date=January 18, 2016|archivedate=August 5, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805080528/http://blacklivesmatter.com/category/alicia-garza/}}</ref> maka ịnakwere "ihe ndị na-ekwu okwu n'aka nri" banyere "ọdịiche agbụrụ na usoro ikpe ziri ezi anyị", <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Mahdawi|first=Arwa|date=2020-10-17|title=Black Lives Matter's Alicia Garza: 'Leadership today doesn't look like Martin Luther King'|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/17/black-lives-matter-alicia-garza-leadership-today-doesnt-look-like-martin-luther-king|accessdate=2023-07-08}}</ref> yana Bill Clinton, <ref name=":0" /> na [[Hillary Clinton]], na-ekwu, sị: "Ndị Clintons na-eji ndị isi ojii maka ịtụ vootu, mana ha anaghị eme ihe ọ bụla maka obodo ndị isi ojii mgbe a họpụtara ha. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Valentino|first=Steven|title=Alicia Garza Says No to Hillary|url=http://www.wnyc.org/story/alicia-garza-says-no-hillary|work=WYNC|accessdate=August 9, 2016|date=January 16, 2016|archivedate=August 4, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804223429/http://www.wnyc.org/story/alicia-garza-says-no-hillary/}}</ref> Ọ tụụrụ Bernie Sanders na California Democratic, mana o kwere nkwa ime ihe niile dị n'ike ya "iji hụ na anyị mee ka Donald Clinton ghara iduzi anyị".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harris-Perry|first=Melissa|title=The #BlackLivesMatter Movement Won't Support Hillary Clinton|url=http://theroottv.theroot.com/video/The-BlackLivesMatter-Movement-W|work=The Root|publisher=Gizmodo Media Group|accessdate=20 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607182240/http://theroottv.theroot.com/video/The-BlackLivesMatter-Movement-W|archivedate=June 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=HARRIS-PERRY|first=MELISSA|title=Today, Brittany Packnett officially and publicly endorsed Secretary Hillary Clinton for president.|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/news/a40176/brittany-packnett-hillary-clinton-endorsement/|accessdate=21 April 2019|work=Elle|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> === Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2020 === Garza kwuru okwu n'ihu ìgwè ụmụ akwụkwọ 200 na ntuli aka 2020 na ememe Black History Month.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ucsdguardian.org/2019/02/27/black-lives-matter-co-founder-alicia-garza-speaks-crowd-hundreds-movement-2020-election/|title=Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Alicia Garza Speaks to Crowd of Hundreds on Movement, 2020 Election|author=Faurot|first=Tyler|date=2019-02-27|work=UCSD Guardian|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-08|archivedate=December 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224204250/http://ucsdguardian.org/2019/02/27/black-lives-matter-co-founder-alicia-garza-speaks-crowd-hundreds-movement-2020-election/}}</ref> O kwuru banyere otu esi akọwa Black Lives Matter Movement dị ka ndị na-emegide ndị ọcha, ndị na-eme ka iwu dị irè, ma ọ bụ òtù ndị na-eyi ọha egwu. N'okwu a, o gosipụtara nkwado maka Green New Deal, katọọ mgbochi ndị na-eme ntụli aka, ma kpọọ maka itinye aka na ndị na-atụ vootu. Garza kwadoro Elizabeth Warren na ntuli aka Democratic. <ref>{{Cite news|author=McCammond|first=Alexi|title=Black activist group gives its first presidential endorsement to Elizabeth Warren|work=Axios|date=February 20, 2020|accessdate=May 19, 2020|url=https://www.axios.com/2020-election-elizabeth-warren-black-future-action-fund-babadf81-92fa-4c5d-b977-f5d5c3ad9861.html}}</ref> == Recognition and awards == A matara Garza na ndepụta Root 100 nke ndị Africa America Achievers n'etiti afọ 25 na 45. A makwaara ya na ntuziaka Politico50 2015 maka ndị na-eche echiche, ndị na-eme ihe, na ndị ọhụụ, tinyere Cullors na Tometi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/politico50/2015/alicia-garza-patrisse-cullors-opal-tometi/|title=The POLITICO 50 - 2017 - Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, Opal Tometi|work=POLITICO Magazine|accessdate=2017-09-21|archivedate=September 22, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922052007/http://www.politico.com/magazine/politico50/2015/alicia-garza-patrisse-cullors-opal-tometi}}</ref> Garza enwetala onyinye Local Hero site na ''San Francisco Bay Guardian''. Harvey Milk Democratic Club enyewo ya onyinye Bayard Rustin Community Activist Award ugboro abụọ maka ọrụ ya na-alụso ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na gentrification ọgụ na San Francisco. E nyekwara ya onyinye Jeanne Gauna Communicate Justice Award site na Centre for Media Justice . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Alicia Garza Selected as Communities Choice for Grand Marshal|url=http://sfpride.org/blog/announcements/alicia-garza-selected-as-members-choice-for-community-grand-marshal/|work=San Francisco Pride|accessdate=October 15, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906010602/http://sfpride.org/blog/announcements/alicia-garza-selected-as-members-choice-for-community-grand-marshal/|archivedate=September 6, 2015}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, Garza, Cullors, na Tometi (dị ka "The Women of #BlackLivesMatter") so na mmadụ itoolu na-esote onye Advocate's Person of the Year.<ref>{{Cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=http://www.advocate.com/people/2015/11/05/person-year-finalists|title=Person of the Year: The Finalists|date=November 5, 2015|accessdate=May 30, 2017|archivedate=June 17, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617095620/http://www.advocate.com/people/2015/11/05/person-year-finalists}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha Garza n'ime ndị otu Atlantic Fellows for Racial Equity (AFRE). Ìgwè mbụ a nke 29 Atlantic Fellows lekwasịrị anya n'ịgba aka n'ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na US na South Africa na ịkpaghasị ịrị elu nke ịhụ mba n'anya na ịdị elu nke ndị ọcha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gca.columbia.edu/news/atlantic-fellows-racial-equity-announces-inaugural-class-fellows|title=Atlantic Fellowship Announcement|date=2017-11-08|work=Columbia University|accessdate=2018-08-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620163848/https://gca.columbia.edu/news/atlantic-fellows-racial-equity-announces-inaugural-class-fellows|archivedate=June 20, 2018}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Time mepụtara mkpuchi ọhụrụ 89 iji mee emume ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ malite na 1920; ọ họọrọ ya, Cullors, na Tometi maka afọ 2013. N'afọ 2020, a kpọrọ Garza aha na ndepụta '40 Under 40' nke Magazin Fortune n'okpuru ngalaba "Government and Politics". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Alicia Garza {{!}} 2020 40 under 40 in Government and Politics|url=https://fortune.com/40-under-40/2020/alicia-garza/|accessdate=2020-09-13|work=Fortune|language=en|archivedate=October 18, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018033714/https://fortune.com/40-under-40/2020/alicia-garza/}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, a gụnyere Garza na Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2020 na ndepụta nke BBC's 100 Women mara ọkwa na 23 Nọvemba 2020. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-11-23|title=BBC 100 Women 2020: Who is on the list this year?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-55042935|accessdate=2020-11-23}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Na 2004, Garza pụtara dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike na ezinụlọ ya. Ọ lụrụ Malachi Garza, onye kansụl obodo, ruo afọ iri na atọ. Ha zutere na 2004, lụrụ na 2008, wee biri na Oakland ruo mgbe ha kwuputara njedebe nke mmekọrịta ha na 2021.[1] [2] [3] Egbugbu nke Garza, nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke June Jọdan "Poem about My Rights," na-agụ "Adịghị m njọ: Aha m ezighi ezi abụghị nke m. Aha m bụ nke m," na'egosipụta njikọ dị omimi n'etiti #Black Lives Matter na mgbọrọgwụ miri emi nke ọdịbendị ndị Africa America.<ref name=":06" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-12|title=The Bay Area Roots of Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510203728/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archivedate=May 10, 2021|accessdate=2021-05-31|work=SF Weekly|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} * AppearancesnaC-SPAN [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] axcf1b04x48o4uvh29tckncmjs0kkpi 0 74481 692311 686939 2026-07-29T19:02:19Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Echiche */ 692311 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Audre Lorde.jpg|thumb|Audre Lorde]]    '''Audre Lorde''' (/ˈɔːdri ˈlɔːrd/ AW-dree LORD; a mụrụ '''Audrey Geraldine Lorde'''; February 18, 1934 - November 17, 1992) bụ onye edemede America, prọfesọ, [[Ákọ na Uche|ọkà ihe ọmụma]], onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, onye na'ede uri, na onye na-agbachitere ikike obodo. Ọ bụ onye na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka "Onye ojii, nwanyị, onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ Ọchịchị, nne, onye agha, onye na'ede uri" onye raara ndụ ya na nkà ya nye iji chee ụdị ikpe na-ezighị ezi na mmegbu ihu. O kwenyere na enweghi ike inwe "ọchịchị mmegbu" n'etiti "ndị nwere ebumnuche nke nnwere onwe na ọdịnihu dị mma maka ụmụ anyị". <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lorde|first=Audre|date=1983|title=There is not hierarchy of oppressions|url=https://uuliveoak.org/pdfs/worship_9-04-09_excerpts_no_hierarchy_of_oppressions.pdf|journal=Interracial Books for Children BULLETIN: Homophobia and Education|volume=14|issue=4|pages=i–ii|doi=|issn=0003-6870}}</ref> <ref name="foundation">{{Cite web|accessdate=March 28, 2021|title=Audre Lorde 1934-1992|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/audre-lorde|publisher=Poetry Foundation|archivedate=November 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127194430/https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/audre-lorde}}</ref> Dị ka onye na-ede [[Ábu|uri]], a maara ya nke ọma maka nkà na ụzụ na ngosipụta mmetụta uche, yana uri ya nke na-egosipụta iwe na iwe maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke obodo na nke ọha na eze ọ hụrụ n'oge ndụ ya niile. Ọ bụ onye natara onyinye mba na nke mba ụwa na onye guzobere Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Audre Lorde|url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/audre-lorde|accessdate=2024-11-26|work=National Women's History Museum|language=en}}</ref> Dị ka onye na-ese okwu, a na-akụkọ okwu ya dị ike, nke na-atọ ụtọ, na nke siri ike site na Poetry Foundation.<ref name="foundation">{{Cite web|accessdate=March 28, 2021|title=Audre Lorde 1934-1992|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/audre-lorde|publisher=Poetry Foundation|archivedate=November 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127194430/https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/audre-lorde}}</ref> Abụ ya na okwu ya na-ekwu maka okwu ndị metụtara ikike obodo, ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị na-edina nwanyị, ọrịa, nkwarụ, na nyocha nke njirimara nwanyị ojii. <ref name="foundation" /><ref name="OutHistory">{{Cite web|author=McDonald|first=Dionn|title=Audre Lorde. Big Lives: Profiles of LGBT African Americans|url=http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/aa-history-month-bios/audre-lorde|work=OutHistory|accessdate=March 28, 2021|archivedate=July 25, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725185013/http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/aa-history-month-bios/audre-lorde}}</ref><ref name="Wire">{{Cite news|author=Nixon|first=Angelique V.|url=http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/02/the-magic-and-fury-of-audre-lorde-feminist-praxis-and-pedagogy/|title=The Magic and Fury of Audre Lorde: Feminist Praxis and Pedagogy|date=February 24, 2014|work=The Feminist Wire|accessdate=March 28, 2021}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == Nna Lorde Byron mụrụ na 20 Ọgọst 1898 na Barbados. E jidere nne ya, Linda Gertrude Belmar Lorde na 1902 n'àgwàetiti Carriacou na Grenada. Nne Lorde bụ nwanyị ojii nke na-agafe oge ụfọdụ maka Spanish,[1] maka ebumnuche ire ọrụ ya. Nna Lorde bụ onye Belma, ma ha jụrụ ịlụ nwunye n’ihi ịma mma Byron, ike na ntachi obi.[8] Mgbe ha kwagara, di na nwunye ahụ gara biri na Harlem, agbata obi dị iche iche na mgbago Manhattan, New York. Lorde bụ ọdụdụ nwa n'ime ụmụaka atọ. Lorde kpuru ìsì ruo n'ókè nke ịbụ onye ìsì n'ụzọ iwu. Mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, ọ malitere ịgụ na ikwu okwu, n'okpuru nduzi nke Augusta Braxton Baker, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na Alaka 135th Street nke New York Public Library. Nne ya so ya na-ede akwụkwọ n'otu oge ahụ. A mụrụ Audrey Geraldine Lorde, ọ họọrọ ịhapụ "y" site na aha mbụ ya mgbe ọ ka bụ nwatakịrị, na-akọwa na Zami: A New Spelling of My Name na ọ nwere mmasị na nhata [[Ǹkà|nka]] nke "e"- njedebe na aha abụọ dị n'akụkụ "Audre Lorde" karịa n'ịsụgharị aha ya dịka ndị mụrụ ya bu n'obi.<ref name="Parks">{{Cite web|author=Parks|first=Rev. Gabriele|title=Audre Lorde|publisher=Thomas Paine Unitarian Universalist Fellowship|date=August 3, 2008|url=http://www.tpuuf.org/?p=130|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130416144217/http://www.tpuuf.org/?p=130|archivedate=April 16, 2013|accessdate=July 9, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Lorde">{{Cite book|author=Lorde|first=Audre|title=Zami: A New Spelling of My Name|publisher=The Crossing Press|url=https://archive.org/details/zaminewspellingo0000lord|year=1982}}</ref> Lorde na ndị ọrụ ya siri ike site na nwata. Ya na nna ya na nne ya nọrọ oge, bụ ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike ijikwa azụmahịa ahịa ahịa mmetụta ha na ndị akụ na ụba ha nọ na ọgba aghara n'oge nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi na nnukwu nlaghachi azụ. Mgbe ọ malitere, ha na-enwekarị ihere ma ọ bụ na-echekwa onwe ha. icon, Lorde na nne ya, bụ ndị katọrọ ndị nwere ụda akpụkpọ ahụ dịtụ ka nke ya (nke Lorde nwere) na ụwa na nnukwu, e ji "ịhụnanya siri ike" na iwu siri ike mara.[11]. A na-egosi ụgbọ mmiri siri ike Lorde na nne ya n'ụzọ dị mfe n'ime uri ya ndị ọzọ, dịka "Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Coal na tebụl kichin".[1] Dị ka nwatakịrị, Lorde lụsoro nkwurịta okwu ọgụ, ma nwee ekele maka ike nke uri dị ka ụdị nkwupụta.<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, Inc">{{Cite book|author=Kimberly W. Benston|editor=Gates|title=The Norton Anthology of African-American Literature: Volume 2|date=2014|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.|isbn=978-0-393-92370-4|pages=637–39|edition=Third}}</ref> Ọbụna ọ kọwara onwe ya dị ka onye na-eche echiche na uri.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Zami: A New Spelling of My Name - A Biomythography|author=Lorde|first=Audre|year=1982|isbn=0895941228|edition=1st|location=Berkeley|publisher=The Crossing Press|oclc=18190883}}</ref> O buru ọtụtụ uri n'isi, ma jiri ya kwurịta okwu, ruo n'ókè nke na, "Ọ bụrụ na a jụọ ya otú ọ dị, Audre ga-azaghachi site n'ịgụ abụ. " N'ihe dị ka afọ iri na abụọ, ọ malitere ide uri nke ya ma jikọọ ndị ọzọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ya bụ ndị a na-ewere dị ka "ndị a chụpụrụ", dịka o chere na ọ bụ. <ref name="Audre Lorde's Life and Career">{{Cite web|author=Threatt Kulii|first=Beverly|title=Audre Lorde's Life and Career|url=http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/lorde/life.htm|work=|publisher=University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign{{snd}}Department of English|accessdate=November 8, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121211926/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/lorde/life.htm|archivedate=November 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Audre Lorde's Life and Career" /> N'ịbụ onye Katọlik zụlitere, Lorde gara ụlọ akwụkwọ parochial tupu ọ gaa Hunter College High School, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ọgụgụ isi. Onye na-ede uri bụ Diane di Prima bụ nwa klas na enyi. Mgbe ọ na-aga Hunter, Lorde bipụtara uri mbụ ya na magazin Seventeen mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ya jụrụ ya maka ịbụ ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Ọzọkwa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Lorde sonyere na ọmụmụ ihe uri nke Harlem Writers Guild kwadoro, mana o kwuru na ọ na-adị ya mgbe niile ka ọ dị ka onye a chụpụrụ na Guild. O chere na a nabataghị ya n'ihi na ọ "bụ onye ara ma onye na-eme ihe ọ bụla mana [ha chere] m ga-etolite na ya niile". <ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, Inc">{{Cite book|author=Kimberly W. Benston|editor=Gates|title=The Norton Anthology of African-American Literature: Volume 2|date=2014|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.|isbn=978-0-393-92370-4|pages=637–39|edition=Third}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Yetunde|first=Pamela Ayo|date=January 1, 2019|title=Audre Lorde's Hopelessness and Hopefulness: Cultivating a Womanist Nondualism for Psycho-Spiritual Wholeness|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0966735018814692|journal=Feminist Theology|language=en|volume=27|issue=2|pages=176–194|doi=10.1177/0966735018814692|issn=0966-7350}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dean|first=Mary Kathryn|date=February 23, 2014|title=On Faith and Feminism|url=https://thefeministwire.com/2014/02/on-faith-and-feminism-a-sermon/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019133246/https://thefeministwire.com/2014/02/on-faith-and-feminism-a-sermon/|archivedate=October 19, 2021|accessdate=October 19, 2021|work=The Feminist Wire|language=en-US}}</ref> Lorde gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Hunter College High School na 1951. ''Zamy'' kwuru na nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa strok n'afọ 1953. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Lorde|first=Audre|title=Zami: A New Spelling of My Name|url=https://archive.org/details/zaminewspellingo0000lord|publisher=The Crossing Press|year=1982|chapter=Chapter 19}}</ref> == Ọrụ == [[Faịlụ:Audre_lorde.jpg|thumb|Audre Lorde Foto nke Elsa Dorfman.]] N'afọ 1968, Lorde bụ onye edemede bi na Tougaloo College na Mississippi.<ref name="poets.org">{{Cite web|title=Audre Lorde|publisher=Poets.org|url=http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/306|accessdate=July 9, 2009|archivedate=March 9, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309030149/http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/306}}</ref> Oge Lorde nọ na Tougaloo College, dị ka afọ ya na National University of Mexico, bụ ahụmahụ na-eto eto maka ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe. Ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya na-eto eto, ndị isi ojii na-eduzi ọmụmụ ihe, ọtụtụ n'ime ha chọsiri ike ikwurịta okwu gbasara ikike obodo nke oge ahụ. Site na mmekọrịta ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, ọ kwusiri ike na ọchịchọ ya ọ bụghị naanị ibi ndụ ya "onye ara na onye na-eme ihe ike", kamakwa itinye uche n'akụkụ nke ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ede uri. Akwụkwọ uri ya, Cables to Rage, sitere n'oge ya na ahụmịhe ya na Tougaloo.<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, Inc">{{Cite book|author=Kimberly W. Benston|editor=Gates|title=The Norton Anthology of African-American Literature: Volume 2|date=2014|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.|isbn=978-0-393-92370-4|pages=637–39|edition=Third}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Audre_Lorde_Residence_(Staten_Island).jpg|alt=A three-story, gray-blue, Neo-Colonial style home with a gabled roofline, open porch, columns, and a pediment with a sunburst decoration. Picture includes shrubs and a trashcan on the front lawn, and the third story is partially obscured by leaves.|thumb|Ebe obibi Audre Lorde na Stapleton Heights, Staten Island, ugbu a bụ New York City Historical Landmark.]] Site na 1972 ruo 1987, Lorde biri na Staten Island. N'oge ahụ, na mgbakwunye na ide na ịkụzi ihe, ọ kwadoro Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Audre Lorde Residence|url=https://www.nyclgbtsites.org/site/audre-lorde-residence/|publisher=NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project|accessdate=April 19, 2018|archivedate=November 6, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106172140/https://www.nyclgbtsites.org/site/audre-lorde-residence/}}</ref> Lorde kụziri na Ngalaba Mmụta na Lehman College site na 1969 ruo 1970, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lorde-audre-1934-1992|title=Lorde, Audre (1934–1992)|author=Morehouse|first=Susan Perry|year=2002|work=Encyclopedia.com|accessdate=October 28, 2017|archivedate=October 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012549/http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lorde-audre-1934-1992}}</ref> mgbe ahụ dị ka prọfesọ nke Bekee na John Jay College of Criminal Justice (nke abụọ bụ akụkụ nke Mahadum City nke New York, CUNY) site na 1970 ruo 1981. N'ebe ahụ, ọ lụrụ ọgụ maka ịmepụta ngalaba ọmụmụ ndị isi ojii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice Matters|url=http://www.jjay.cuny.edu/sites/default/files/News/Justice_Matters_50.pdf|publisher=John Jay College of Criminal Justice|accessdate=March 18, 2017|year=2015|archivedate=October 27, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027084806/http://www.jjay.cuny.edu/sites/default/files/News/Justice_Matters_50.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 1981, ọ gara n'ihu na-akụzi na alma mater ya, Hunter College (nke a na-akpọkwa CUNY), dị ka onye isi oche Thomas Hunter.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Cook|first=Blanche Wiesen|editor=Ware|title=Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century, Volume 5|date=2004|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA|chapter=Lorde, Audre}}</ref> Dị ka nwanyị ojii na-eme ihe ọ bụla, ọ bụ onye si n'èzí n'ọhịa [[Ndi ocha|nwoke ọcha]] na ahụmahụ ya na gburugburu ebe a nwere mmetụta miri emi n'ọrụ ya. Mpaghara ọhụrụ dị ka Ọmụmụ ndị Africa America na Ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị kwalitere isiokwu ndị ọkà mmụta na-ekwu ma dọta uche n'ìgwè ndị a na-ekwukarị na mbụ. Site na gburugburu agụmakwụkwọ a, Lorde sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ide ọ bụghị naanị uri kamakwa edemede na isiokwu banyere ọmụmụ nwoke na nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị, na African American.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=New-York Historical Society|date=October 28, 2024|title=Life Story: Audre Lorde (1934-1992)|url=https://wams.nyhistory.org/end-of-the-twentieth-century/a-conservative-turn/audre-lorde/#resource|work=Women and the American Story}}</ref> Na 1981, Lorde bụ onye ntọala ntọala nke Women's Coalition of St. Croix, [1] otu raara onwe ya nye inyere ndị lanarịrị mmetọ mmekọahụ na ime ihe ike mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị aka. N'afọ ndị 1980, o nyere aka chọta Sistahood in Support of Sisters (SISA) na South Africa iji rite uru na ụmụ nwanyị ojii bụ ndị e merụrụ na 1980s na mpụ ndị ọzọ yiri ya.[2] N'afọ 1985, Audre Lorde so na ndị nnọchi anya ndị odee nwanyị ojii bụ ndị akpọrọ na Cuba. Ọ bụ The Black Scholar na Union of Cuba Writers kwadoro njem a. Ọ nabatara òtù ụmụnna ndị na-ekekọrịta ihe dị ka ndị inyom ojii na-ede akwụkwọ. Ha letara ndị Cuban uri bụ́ Nancy Morejón na Nicolás Guillén. Ha tụlere ma mgbanwe Cuban agbanweela ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ọnọdụ ndị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị na ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị n'ebe ahụ.[1] === Afọ ndị Berlin === [[Faịlụ:Audre_Lorde_und_May_Ayim.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Lorde in Berlin, pictured with May Ayim.]] Na 1984, Lorde malitere ọrụ mmụta mmụta nleta na West Berlin na Mahadum Free nke Berlin. Prọfesọ FU Dagmar Schultz kpọrọ ya òkù, bụ onye zutere ya na UN "World Women Conference" na Copenhagen na 1980.[1] N'oge ya na Germany, Lorde ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị Afro-German nke oge ahụ.[2] Ya na otu ndị inyom ojii na-agba mbọ na Berlin, Audre Lorde chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ "Afro-German" na 1984 na, n'ihi ya, hiwere òtù ojii na Germany.[3] N'ime ọtụtụ njem ya na Germany, Lorde ghọrọ onye ndụmọdụ nye ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere May Ayim, Ika Hügel-Marshall, na Helga Emde.[4][5] Kama ịlụso usoro ahụ ọgụ site na ime ihe ike, Lorde hụrụ asụsụ dị ka ụdị nguzogide siri ike ma gbaa ụmụ nwanyị German ume ikwu okwu kama ịlụ ọgụ.[6] Mmetụta ya na Germany karịrị ụmụ nwanyị Afro-German; Lorde nyere aka n'ịmata mmekọrịta dị n'etiti agbụrụ na agbụrụ.[4] Audre Lorde nyere ohere bara uru maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii German ịhazi na jikwaa mmetụta ha n'ụzọ ọ bụla ha nwere ahụ iru ala. Ịbụ ndị ọkachamara German na-atụgharị ọzọ, na ịkọwapụta site n'echiche ndị ọzọ nke ihe "ihe ọjọọ" pụtara (ihe nketa agwakọtara) nwere ike imebi echiche nke onwe ha. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ndị a enweghị ike ikwupụta n'ụzọ zuru ezu akụkụ niile nke ịdị adị ha wee hụ na ọha mmadụ na-akpakwa nduru. Audre Lorde nwere ike ịmalite imechi ọdịiche dị n'etiti njirimara ụmụ nwanyị ndị a na-ahụta na ọha German na ihe ha mere onwe ha. Lorde kere ohere maka ụmụ nwanyị ndị a iji kparịta ahụmịhe ha wee mepụta akụkọ German ojii. Nke a abụghị ikwu na Lorde n'onwe ya malitere njirimara German a na-akwado Black Black, kama na o nyere ụmụ German ndị a ihe nlereanya maka ọbụbụenyi, njirimara onwe onye, na ikike ọgụgụ isi.[7] Na Disemba 1989, otu ọnwa ka Mgbidi Berlin dasịrị, Lorde dere uri ya "East Berlin 1989"[1] na-ekwupụta echiche ya na mmemme akụkọ ihe mere eme a. Na uri, mgbe Lorde na-ekwupụta egwu ya banyere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ megide Afro-Germans na ndị ọzọ ojii na Berlin n'ihi ọhụrụ nnwere onwe East Germany, ọ na-akatọ mmeri nke nnwere onwe onye kwuo uche na mmetụta Western, na-egosipụta obi abụọ miri emi banyere ya, na iguzogide, "Weghachi udo" nke ga-emecha na-eduga ná mgbanwe nke Communist East Germany n'ime ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Mmetụta Lorde na Afro-Germans bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri 2012 nke Dagmar Schultz dere. Audre Lorde: The Berlin Years 1984-1992 nabatara site na Berlin Film Festival, Berlinale, ma nwee ya World Premiere na 62nd Annual Festival na 2012. [1] E gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na mmemme ihe nkiri gburugburu ụwa, ma na-aga n'ihu na-ekiri ya na ememe dị ka nke 2018. [2] Ihe nkiri 2 na-enweta ihe nrite nke 1 nke Golden. Akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na 15th Reelout Queer + Video Festival, Golden Globe maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na International Film Festival maka ụmụ nwanyị, okwu ọha na eze, na enweghị ịkpa ókè, na onyinye ndị na-ege ntị maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na Barcelona International LGBT Film Festival. [3] Audre Lorde: Afọ Berlin kpughere enweghị nnabata Lorde natara na mbụ maka onyinye ya na echiche nke intersectionality. [4] == Abụ uri == [[Faịlụ:Audre_Lorde,_Meridel_Lesueur,_Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Audre Lorde (n'aka ekpe) na ndị edemede Meridel Le Sueur (n'etiti) na Adrienne Rich (n'ụzọ nri) na ụlọ ọrụ edemede na Austin, Texas, 1980]] Lorde lekwasịrị anya n'ụzọ nchọpụta nke ya, ọ bụghị naanị n'etiti nchọpụta nke ndụ nke na-agbakọ aka n'otu n'otu n'ime mmadụ nke ya. "A na-emeso m dị ka onye ọzọ n'ime otu m so na ya," ka o kwuru. "Ma n'ime obodo," Lorde dere, "ọ bụ n'ezie akwụkwọ nkeonwe, ihe ngosi, agha nwa oge na nke na-egbu mgbu n'etiti mụ na mmegbu m."[1] : 12-13 Ọ na-ahụ onwe ya dị ka "nwanyị na-aga n'ihu" [1]: 17 na "onye na-eme olu" n'ime onwe ya. : 31 : 31 Echiche ya na ọtụtụ njirimara na-egosipụta na ụdị ọrụ ya dị iche iche. Onye nkatọ Carmen Birkle dere, sị: "A na-egosipụta ọdịiche omenala ya n'ụdị ederede omenala, n'ụdị dị iche iche." [1] Ọjụjụ ọjụjụ itinye nduru n'otu ụdị, ma ọ bụ ọha mmadụ ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ, bụ mkpebi siri ike ya ịbịa n'otu n'otu kama ịbụ echiche efu. Lorde akọwawo onwe ya dị ka "onye na-ahụ maka nwanyị, nne, dike, onye na-ede uri" ma jiri abụ zie ozi a. [2] === Ọrụ ndị mbụ === E bipụtara uri Lorde mgbe niile n'afọ ndị 1960 - na Langston Hughes' 1962 New Negro Poets, USA; n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ọzọ; na magazin ndị isi ojii. N'oge a, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ikike obodo, ndị na-mmegide agha, na ndị inyom. Na 1968, Lorde bipụtara The First Cities, nchịkọta uri. Diane di Prima, onye bụbu nwa klas ya na enyi sitere na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Hunter College deziri ya. A kọwawo obodo mbụ dị ka "akwụkwọ nke bụ, n'ụzọ, ọhụụ", [1] na Dudley Randall, onye na-ede uri na onye nkatọ, kwusiri ike na mmalite ya na akwụkwọ ahụ na Lorde "na-ahụ ọkọlọtọ ka ọ na-efe efe, ma Blackness ya dị ebe ahụ, n'ụzọ, n'ime ọkpụkpụ "[2]. Nchịkọta ya nke abụọ, Cables to Rage (1970), nke edere n'oge ya dị ka nwa akwụkwọ uri na Tougaloo College na Mississippi, lekwasịrị anya na ịhụnanya, Carra, nna, na anya ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ bụ ihe a ma ama maka uri "Martha", bụ nke Lorde kwupụtara n'ihu ọha na ọ bụ nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke na nke mbụ n'ime ihe odide ya: "[M ga-ahụ ya n'anya ebe a ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ onye nzuzu."] A họpụtara maka onyinye nturu ugo akwụkwọ mba maka abụ na 1974, [1] Site n'ala ebe ndị ọzọ bi (Broadside Press) na-egosi ọgụ nke Lorde n'onwe ya na njirimara na iwe na mmegbu ọha. Mpịakọta ahụ na-ekwu banyere isiokwu nke iwe, owu ọmụma, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi, yana ihe ọ pụtara ịbụ nwanyị ojii, nne, enyi, na onye hụrụ n'anya.[2] 1974 hụrụ ntọhapụ nke New York Head Shop and Museum, nke na-enye foto nke Lorde's New York site na anya nke ma Òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na oge ọ bụ nwata: <ref name="foundation">{{Cite web|accessdate=March 28, 2021|title=Audre Lorde 1934-1992|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/audre-lorde|publisher=Poetry Foundation|archivedate=November 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127194430/https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/audre-lorde}}</ref> nke ịda ogbenye na ileghara anya na, n'echiche Lorde, na-achọ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. <ref name="Audre Lorde's Life and Career">{{Cite web|author=Threatt Kulii|first=Beverly|title=Audre Lorde's Life and Career|url=http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/lorde/life.htm|work=|publisher=University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign{{snd}}Department of English|accessdate=November 8, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121211926/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/lorde/life.htm|archivedate=November 21, 2015}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị ihe ịga nke ọma nke mpịakọta ndị a, ọ bụ ntọhapụ nke Coal na 1976 bụ onye guzobere Lorde dị ka onye nwere mmetụta na Black Arts Movement, na nnukwu ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ n'azụ ya-Norton-nyere aka mee ka ọ bịarute ndị na-ege ntị. Mpịakọta ahụ gụnyere abụ sitere na Obodo Mbụ na Cables ruo Rage, ọ gbakwunyekwara ọtụtụ isiokwu Lorde ga-abụ nke a maara maka oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ: iwe ya na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke agbụrụ, ememe ya nke onye ojii, na oku ọ na-akpọ maka nyochaghachi ahụmahụ nwanyị. Lorde soro Coal na N'etiti Onwe Anyị (nakwa 1976) na Hanging Fire (1978). N'ime mpịakọta Lorde The Black Unicorn (1978), ọ na-akọwa njirimara ya n'ime akụkọ ifo nke chi ụmụ nwanyị Africa okike okike, ọmụmụ, na ike dike. Mweghachi a nke njirimara ụmụ nwanyị Africa na-ewulite ma na-agbagha echiche Black Arts dị ugbu a gbasara pan-Africanism. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị edemede dị ka Amiri Baraka na Ishmael Reed jiri nkà mmụta mbara igwe Africa mee ihe n'ụzọ nke "wepụtara akụkọ nke chi nwoke nwere obi ike nke nwere ike ịkpụpụta na ịgbachitere eluigwe na ụwa ndị ojii," n'akwụkwọ Lorde, "a na-ebufe onye agha ahụ n'aka onye nche nwanyị nwere ike kwa ike na ọmụmụ."[1] Abụ ekere Lorde bịara bụrụ nke a na-ahụ anya na nke onwe ka ọ na-etolite na inwekwu ntụkwasị obi na mmekọahụ ya. N'ime Sista Outsider: Essays and Speeches, Lorde na-ekwu, "Abụ bụ ụzọ anyị ga-esi nyere aka nye ndị na-enweghị aha ka anyị nwee ike iche echiche ... Ka anyị na-amata ha ma nabata ha, mmetụta anyị na nyocha nke eziokwu nke ha na-aghọ ebe nsọ na ebe ọmụmụ maka echiche kachasị ike na obi ike." [1] Nwanne nwanyị Outsider na-akọwapụta ihe ịma aka nke Lorde na omenala ndị Europe na America. == Nkwupụta == Akwụkwọ akụkọ ọrịa cancer (1980) na A Burst of Light (1988) na-eji akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, gụnyere edemede na ntinye akwụkwọ akụkọ, iji gbaa aka, nyochaa, na ịtụgharị uche na nyocha nke Lorde, ọgwụgwọ, mgbake site na ọrịa ara ara, na n'ikpeazụ ọnwụ ya site na ọrịa ahụ. [1] [2] N'ime ọrụ abụọ a, Lorde na-ekwu maka echiche Western banyere ọrịa, nkwarụ, ọgwụgwọ, ọrịa kansa na mmekọahụ, na ịma mma anụ ahụ na amara, yana isiokwu nke ọnwụ, egwu ọnwụ, ndụ, ọgwụgwọ mmetụta uche, na ike dị n'ime.[3] Lorde's deeply personal book ''Zami: A New Spelling of My Name'' (1982), subtitled a "biomythography", chronicles her childhood and adulthood. The narrative deals with the evolution of Lorde's sexuality and self-awareness.<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, Inc">{{Cite book|author=Kimberly W. Benston|editor=Gates|title=The Norton Anthology of African-American Literature: Volume 2|date=2014|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.|isbn=978-0-393-92370-4|pages=637–39|edition=Third}}</ref> === ''Nwanne Nwanyị Na-anọghị n'Ebe'' === Na Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches (1984), Lorde na-ekwusi ike na ọ dị mkpa ịkọrọ ahụmahụ nke ìgwè ndị a na-akparaghị ókè iji mee ka ọgụ ha pụta ìhè na ọha mmadụ na-emegide onwe ha.<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, Inc">{{Cite book|author=Kimberly W. Benston|editor=Gates|title=The Norton Anthology of African-American Literature: Volume 2|date=2014|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.|isbn=978-0-393-92370-4|pages=637–39|edition=Third}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwusi ike na ọ dị mkpa ka ìgwè ndị mmadụ dị iche iche (karịsịa ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na ụmụ nwanyị Africa America) chọta ihe jikọrọ ha na ahụmịhe ha na ndụ, kamakwa iji chee ọdịiche ihu n'onwe ya, ma jiri ya dị ka isi iyi nke ike karịa nkewa. Ọ na-ekwusi ike ugboro ugboro na ọ dị mkpa maka obodo na mgba iji wuo ụwa ka mma. Otu esi eme ka iwe na iwe nke mmegbu kpaliri bụrụ isiokwu ọzọ a ma ama n'ọrụ ya niile, na nchịkọta a karịsịa.<ref name="Audre Lorde's Life and Career">{{Cite web|author=Threatt Kulii|first=Beverly|title=Audre Lorde's Life and Career|url=http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/lorde/life.htm|work=|publisher=University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign{{snd}}Department of English|accessdate=November 8, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121211926/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/lorde/life.htm|archivedate=November 21, 2015}}</ref> Edemede ya ama ama, "Ngwaọrụ Nna-ukwu agaghị emebi ụlọ Nna-ukwu", gụnyere n'ime Nwanna Nwanyị N'èzí. Lorde na-ajụ oke na ikike mgbanwe nke a ga-enwe mmụọ mgbe ọ nyochara nsogbu ahụ site na oghere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, nke nna ochie. Ọ na-arụ ụka na ụmụ nwanyị na-ahụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ ọ bụghị dị ka ihe a ga-anabata, kama dịka ihe dị mkpa n'ịmepụta ike na "ịbụ" n'ụwa. Nke a ga-emepụta ọha mmadụ nke na-anabata ọdịiche, nke ga-eduga na nnwere onwe. Lorde na-akọwa, "Kewaa na imeri, na ụwa anyị, ga-aghọ akụkọ ifo na isi iyi nke ike." [1] Ọzọkwa, ndị mmadụ ga-akụziri onwe ha banyere mmegbu nke ndị ọzọ n'ihi na ịtụ anya ka otu ndị na-erughị eru ịkụziri ndị a na-emegbu emegbu bụ ịga n'ihu nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, echiche ndị nna ochie. Ọ kọwara na nke a bụ ngwá ọrụ dị ike nke ndị mmegbu na-eji eme ka ndị a na-emegbu emegbu na-arụ ọrụ na-eche banyere ndị nna ha ukwu. O kwubiri na iji weta ezigbo mgbanwe, anyị enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ime usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, nke ndị nna ochie n'ihi na mgbanwe nke ahụ kpatara agaghị adịte aka.[1] N'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị nke na United States, Lorde kwuru, sị: <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Lorde|first=Audre|title=Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches|publisher=The Crossing Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0895941411|year=1984}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == == Echiche == Ihe odide ya dabere na "echiche nke ọdịiche", echiche ahụ bụ na esemokwu abụọ dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị dị mfe; ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị achọpụtala na ọ dị mkpa igosi echiche efu nke ihe siri ike, nke dị n'otu, ụdị ụmụ nwanyị n'onwe ya jupụtara na nkewa. Lorde okwu nsogbu, klaasị, afọ na afɔ, agụụ na agụụ na, mgbe e ezi na ndụ ya, ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala na-ebu; Nke ikpeazụ na-aghọ arịa onye a ma ama n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya ka ọ na- ọrịa kansa. O dere ihe ndị a nile dị ka ihe ndabere maka ozi ya nke ndidi. Ọ bụ́ ụka na, n'agbanyeghị na ndịiche dị n'ụdị nwoke na enwetala ihe niile a na-achọ anya, ọ dị mkpa ka a matakwa ma lebara ndịiche ndị ọzọ anya. "Onyenwe anyị," ka Carmen Birkle [de] na-ekwu, "na-etinye uche ya na izi ezi nke ozi. Ọ Poly ka ekwe na-egbochi ya ma ghara ikpe ya ikpe; ọ akwụkwọ ka e tinye ya n'otu ụdị nke 'nwanyị.'"[1] A mara echiche a taa dị ka intersectionality. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ekweta na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị buru ibu ma dị iche iche, ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ Lorde na-emetụta akụkụ abụọ metụtara ya-agbụrụ na mmekọahụ. Na akwụkwọ akụkọ Ada Gay Griffin na Michelle Parkerson A Litany for Survival: The Life and Work of Audre Lorde, Lorde na-ekwu, sị, "Ka m buru ụzọ gwa gị ihe ọ dị ka nwanyị ojii na-ede uri na 60s, site n'ịwụba n'ime. [1] N’akwụkwọ edemede ya “The Erotic as Power” (1978) nke e debere n’ime Sister Outsider, Audre Lorde kọwara “erotic” dịka ebe ike dị maka ụmụ nwanyị naanị mgbe ha mụtara ịhapụ ya n’ime mgbochi ma nabata ya, na-enweghị itinye ya naanị n’ihe gbasara mmekọahụ dịka ọ na-adịkarị n’ọha mmadụ. Ọ na-ekwu na a ga-enyocha ma nwee ahụmahụ nke erotic n’ụzọ zuru oke, n’ihi na ọ bụghị naanị ihe gbasara mmekọahụ, kama ọ bụ mmetụta nke obi ụtọ, ịhụnanya, na ịnụ ụtọ ihe ọ bụla na-enye nwanyị afọ ojuju n’ụzọ ndụ ya, dịka ịgụ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ịhụ ọrụ ya n’anya. Ọ jụrụ echiche ụgha nke na naanị site n’ịkwụsị erotic n’ime ndụ na uche ka ụmụ nwanyị ga-enwe ike. Ọ sịrị na ike dị otú ahụ bụ aghụghọ, n’ihi na e wuru ya n’usoro echiche nke ike ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kọwara na ọha mmadụ nke patriarchy agbanweela aha erotic ma jiri ya megide ụmụ nwanyị, nke mere ka ha na-atụ ya egwu. Ụmụ nwanyị na-atụkwa ya egwu n’ihi na erotic bụ ike siri ike ma dị omimi. Ọ na-agwa ụmụ nwanyị ka ha kesaa ike ha n’etiti onwe ha kama iji ya eme ihe na-enweghị nkwenye, nke bụ mmegbu. Kama nke ahụ, ha kwesịrị iji ya mee ihe iji jikọta mmadụ niile n’ime ọdịiche na ihe ha nwere ọnụ. Iji erotic dị ka ike na-enyere ụmụ nwanyị iji ọgụgụ isi ha na ike ha ihu nsogbu dịka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, patriarchy, na ọha mmadụ na-egbochi erotic. Audre Lorde kwuru na erotic nwere ike ịbụ isi iyi ike nke na-enyere ụmụ nwanyị ibi ndụ jupụtara n’mmụọ na agụụ n’akụkụ niile nke ndụ ha. Ọ na-akpọ ka erotic bụrụ ụdị “kompas” nke na-enyere ha ịmata ihe bara uru n’ndụ ha. Ọ katọrọkwa echiche nke compulsory heterosexuality na echiche na obi ụtọ ụmụ nwanyị ga-abịa naanị site n’alụmdi na nwunye, Chineke, ma ọ bụ okpukpe. Echiche erotic na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha ghara ịnabata ihe ọha mmadụ na-atụ anya ma ọ bụ ihe dị mfe, kama iguzogide usoro patriarchy nke na-achịkwa mmekọahụ na ndụ ha. Ọ na-ahụ igbochi erotic ma ọ bụ ịnabata ụkpụrụ heterosexual dị ka ụzọ ijide ụmụ nwanyị n’okpuru ọchịchị. Iji nweta onwe ha, ọ na-akpọ ha ka ha weghachite erotic ma jiri ya jide ndụ ha. Ọ na-agbalị iwepụ ọdịiche erotic dị n’etiti ụdị mmekọahụ dị iche iche iji mee ka ọchịchọ ndị a bụrụ ike mmepụta mgbanwe ọhụrụ. N’agbanyeghị na ọ jụrụ compulsory heterosexuality, echiche a ka na-apụta n’akwụkwọ ya Uses of the Erotic n’ụzọ ụfọdụ nwere akara heteronormativity. Onye ọkà ihe ọmụma feminism ọzọ, Lee Edelman, kọwara heteronormativity dịka usoro omenala nke a na-akwado site n’ịmụ nwa na ịhụ ụmụaka dịka ọdịnihu. Nke a na-ejikọta na okwu Lorde banyere ime ka ndụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ ha bụrụ ihe ka mma. Lorde na-ekwu na mgbọrọgwụ erotic bụ “ebe miri emi nke nwanyị na nke mmụọ, nke siri ike n’ike mmetụta anyị nke a na-ekwughị ma ọ bụ nke a naghị ama,” nke na-egosi na ọ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịbụ nwanyị. Nke a na-akwado echiche binary banyere okike mmadụ. Echiche a nke essentialism na-akpalite mkparịta ụka n’etiti feminists nke oge ọhụrụ, ma gosikwa otú third-wave feminism si dị iche na fourth-wave feminism n’ịghọta intersectionality. === Echiche nke ụmụ nwanyị === Nkatọ ahụ abụghị otu akụkụ: ọtụtụ ndị inyom ọcha were iwe n'ihi ụdị ejiji nke Lorde. N'edemede ya nke 1984 "Ngwaọrụ Nna-ukwu agaghị emebi Ụlọ Nna-ukwu", [64] Lorde wakporo ihe ọ kwenyere na ọ bụ isi ihe kpatara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị, na-akọwa ya dị ka ntọala amaghị ama na nna ochie. Ọ rụrụ ụka na, site n'ịgọnarị ọdịiche dị n'ụdị ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na-eme ka usoro mmegbu ochie na-adịgide adịgide na, n'ime nke a, na-egbochi mgbanwe ọ bụla na-adịgide adịgide. Arụmụka ya kwadoro ụmụ nwanyị ọcha bụ ndị na-aghọtaghị agbụrụ dị ka okwu gbasara nwanyị na ndị isi ohu nwoke ọcha, na-akọwa ha abụọ dị ka "ndị nnọchianya nke mmegbu"[65]. === Nkwupụta Lorde banyere ụmụ nwanyị === Lorde kwenyere na ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke nwanyị bụ na ụdị mmegbu niile jikọtara ọnụ; na ịmepụta mgbanwe dị mkpa iji kwado ọha mmadụ; ka ndịrịta iche ekwesịghị ịdị nkewa; na mgbanwe bụ usoro; mmetụta ahụ bụ ụdị ihe ọmụma onwe onye nke nwere ike ịkọwa ma melite ọrụ; na ịnakwere na inwe ihe mgbu na-enyere ụmụ nwanyị aka imeri ya.[1] Na Lorde's "Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference", ọ na-ede, sị: "N'ezie, e nwere ezigbo ọdịiche dị n'etiti anyị agbụrụ, afọ, na mmekọahụ. Ma ọ bụghị ọdịiche dị n'etiti anyị na-ekewa anyị. Ọ bụ kama ọjụjụ anyị jụrụ ikweta ọdịiche ndị ahụ, na nyochaa mgbagwoju anya nke na-esite n'ịkpọ aha ha na àgwà ha na-atụ anya ya. " Kpọmkwem, ọ na-ekwu, sị: "Dịka ndị inyom na-acha ọcha na-ahapụ ihe ùgwù ha wuru nke Whiteness ma kọwaa nwanyị n'ihe banyere ahụmahụ nke onwe ha nanị, mgbe ahụ, ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-acha agba na-aghọ 'ọzọ'." "Onye ocha nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe". Lorde defines racism, sexism, ageism, heterosexism, elitism and classism altogether and explains that an "ism" is an idea that what is being privileged is superior and has the right to govern anything else. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Lorde argues that a mythical norm is what all bodies should be. According to Lorde, the mythical norm of US culture is White, thin, male, young, heterosexual, Christian, financially secure.[67] === Mmetụta ọ na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị ojii === Ndị ọkà mmụta gara n'ihu na-enyocha ọrụ Lorde na-arụ n'ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii taa. Jennifer C. Nash na-enyocha ka ụmụ nwanyị ojii si nabata njirimara ha wee hụ onwe ha n'anya site na esemokwu ndị ahụ.[1] Nash na-ehota Lorde, onye dere, sị: "Ana m agba onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị ume ka ọ banye n'ime ebe dị omimi nke ihe ọmụma n'ime onwe anyị ma metụ egwu na ịkpọasị nke ọdịiche ọ bụla dị n'ebe ahụ anya. Lee onye ọ bụ. Mgbe ahụ, onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere ike ịmalite ime ka nhọrọ anyị niile doo anya. " [1] Nash na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị ojii ka ha nabata ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kama ịtụ egwu ya, nke ga-eduga n'ọha obodo ka mma. Lorde na-agbakwụnye, sị: "Ụmụ nwanyị ojii bụ́ ndị dị n'otu, n'ọchịchị ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ mmetụta uche, abụghị ndị iro nke ndị isi ojii. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ mgbe, ụfọdụ ndị ikom ojii na-agbalị ịchịisi site n'ịtụ ndị inyom ojii bụ́ ndị enyi karịa ndị iro." [2] N'afọ 1981, Lorde na enyi ya bụ onye edemede, Barbara Smith guzobere Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press nke raara onwe ya nye inyere ndị edemede ndị ọzọ ojii aka site n'inye ihe, nduzi na agbamume. Lorde gbara ndị gbara ya gburugburu ume ime emume ọdịiche ha dịka agbụrụ, mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ ọkwa kama ibi na ha, ma chọọ ka onye ọ bụla nwee ohere yiri nke ahụ. N'oge niile Lorde na-arụ ọrụ, ọ gụnyere echiche nke njirimara otu n'ọtụtụ uri na akwụkwọ ya. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-akọwa otu ụdị kamakwa ọ chọrọ ime ememe akụkụ niile nke onwe ya n'otu ụzọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kemp|first=Yakini B.|year=2004|title=Writing Power: Identity Complexities and the Exotic Erotic in Audre Lorde's writing|journal=Studies in the Literary Imagination|volume=37|pages=22–36}}</ref> A mara ya ka ọ na-akọwa dị ka nwanyị ojii, nwanyị nwanyị, onye na-emetọ ụmụaka, onye na-ede uri, nne, wdg N'akwụkwọ ya bụ Zami: A New Spelling of My Name, Lorde lekwasịrị anya n'ọtụtụ njirimara dị iche iche o nweburu na ndụ ya na ndị o nweworo n'ihi ha. Ọ na-egosi anyị na a na-ahụ ike onwe onye na njikọ dị n'etiti akụkụ dị iche iche nke ndụ mmadụ, dabere na omume, na ike ikwu okwu sitere na ahụmahụ ndị a. A na-ekpuchikarị ike nke onwe site n'ebe dị anya nke mmadụ, ma dị ka Lies Xhonneux na-ekwu ma a bịa n'ikike nke ihe ị na-ahụ - ụfọdụ ndị, ndị nọ na obere m gburugburu, nwere ike nke ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya.[1] Ọrụ Lorde lekwasịrị anya na mkpa ọ dị ịnakwere, ịkwanyere ùgwù na ime emume ọdịiche anyị yana ihe anyị na-eme n'ịkọwa njirimara. Na The Master's Tools, o dere na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-ahọrọ ime ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti anyị adịghị, ma ọ bụ na ọdịiche ndị a enweghị ike imeri, na-agbakwụnye, "Ọdịiche ga-abụrịrị na a ga-anabata ya, kama a ga-ahụ ya dị ka ego nke polarities dị mkpa n'etiti nke ihe okike anyị nwere ike igwu dị ka dialectic. " Lorde gbara ndị na-agụ ya ume ka ha nyochaa ma chọpụta ọdịiche ndị a, na-atụle otú ileghara ọdịiche anya nwere ike isi duga n'ileghara ajọ mbunobi na ajọ mbunobe ọ bụla nwere ike ịbịakwute ọdịiche ndị ahụ anya, ebe ọ na-ekweta na ha nwere ike ime ka ọhụụ anyị na ọgụ anyị dịkwuo mma. O dere na ọ dị anyị mkpa iji nlezianya dozie ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ ma ghọta na ịdị n'otu abụghị otu. N'ime I Am Your Sister, ọ gbara ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ume ka ha buru ibu ọrụ maka ịmụta nke a, ọbụlagodi na ọ pụtara ịkụzi onwe onye, "...nke a ga-eji mee ihe nke ọma n'ịkọwa onwe gị na ịmepụta ihe ndị dị adị maka ịgbanwe ugbu a na iwulite ọdịnihu". Na The Cancer Journals o dere "Ọ bụrụ na akọwaghị m onwe m, a ga-etinye m n'ime nrọ ndị ọzọ maka m ma rie m ndụ. " O kwusiri ike na njirimara onwe onye karịrị naanị ihe ndị mmadụ na-ahụ ma ọ bụ na-eche banyere mmadụ, mana ihe onye ahụ ga-akọwa, dabere na ahụmịhe onye ahụ. "Ụlọ nke Ọdịiche" bụ ahịrịokwu sitere na echiche njirimara nke Lorde. Echiche ya bụ na onye ọ bụla dị iche na ibe ya ma ọ bụ ọdịiche ndị a na-eme ka anyị bụrụ ndị anyị bụ, kama otu obere akụkụ dị iche iche. Ilekwasị anya n'akụkụ niile nke njirimara mmadụ na-eme ka ndị mmadụ gbakọta ọnụ karịa ịhọrọ otu obere ihe iji mata.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/486572|doi=10.1353/cal.2012.0100|issn=1080-6512|title="Which Me Will Survive": Rethinking Identity, Reclaiming Audre Lorde|year=2012|author=Leonard|first=Keith D.|journal=Callaloo|volume=35|issue=3|pages=758–777|accessdate=December 4, 2016}}</ref> Ọrụ Lorde "Coal" na "The Black Unicorn" bụ ihe atụ abụọ nke uri nke na-ejikọta njirimara ojii ya, nke ụmụ nwanyị. Abụ ọ bụla na-elekwasị anya n'echiche nke njirimara, na otu njirimara n'onwe ya si bụrụ ihe doro anya. Ọtụtụ ndị na-akatọ akwụkwọ na-eche na "Coal" bụ ụzọ Lorde si emepụta agbụrụ n'ihe gbasara coal na diamond. Lorde n'onwe ya kwuru na nkọwa ndị ahụ ezighi ezi n'ihi na akọwaghị njirimara n'ụzọ dị mfe ma a gaghị eme ka uri ya dị mfe. Ka anyị na-eme ka ihe ndị dị n'etiti Lorde pụta ìhè site na oghere nke na-elekwasị anya na agbụrụ, okike, ọnọdụ akụ na ụba / klas na ihe ndị ọzọ, anyị ga-anabatakwa otu n'ime njirimara ya pụtara ìhè; Lorde atụghị egwu ikwusi ọdịiche ya, dị ka ụcha akpụkpọ ahụ na omume mmekọahụ, mana jiri njirimara nke ya megide nwoke ojii na-egbu egbu. Lorde jiri njirimara ndị ahụ mee ihe n'ime ọrụ ya ma jiri ndụ nke ya kụziere ndị ọzọ mkpa ọ dị ịdị iche. Ihere emeghị ya ikwu na ọ bụ ya ma jiri ya mee ihe maka uru okike ya. While highlighting Lorde's intersectional points through a lens that focuses on race, gender, socioeconomic status/class and so on, we must also embrace one of her salient identities, lesbianism. She was a lesbian and navigated spaces interlocking her womanhood, gayness and blackness in ways that trumped White feminism, predominantly White gay spaces and black male masculinity. Lorde used those identities within her work and ultimately it guided her to create pieces that embodied lesbianism in a light that educated people of many social classes and identities on the issues black lesbian women face in society. === Enyemaka na mkparịta ụka ụmụ nwanyị nke atọ === N'ihe dị ka afọ 1960, ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ malitere ịgba gburugburu mkparịta ụka na arụmụka banyere akụrụngwa dị ka ụlọ ọrụ "na-emebi emebi, na-akpa ókè, na-ezighị ezi", ọkachasị n'ime ọnọdụ nke ịrị elu nke ijikọ ụwa ọnụ.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective|author=McMichael|first=Phillip|publisher=Pine Forge Press|year=2008|location=Thousand Oaks, California}}</ref> N'ịbụ nke e bipụtara na Sister Outsider, nchịkọta nke edemede na okwu, Audre Lorde dọrọ aka ná ntị megide "ịjụ ọdịiche" na edemede ya, "Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference", na-atụ egwu na mgbe "anyị anaghị emepụta ngwá ọrụ maka iji ọdịiche mmadụ dị ka springboard maka mgbanwe okike n'ime ndụ anyị[,] anyị anaghị ekwu maka ọdịiche mmadụ, kama ọ bụ nke ọdịiche mmadụ".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Lorde|first=Audre|title=Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches|publisher=The Crossing Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0895941411|year=1984}}</ref> Lorde hụrụ nke a na-eme na enweghị itinye akwụkwọ sitere n'aka ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara n'okwu ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ. A jụrụ uri, nke a na-ewere dị ka nke na-erughị okwu ma na-ahụkarị n'etiti ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị ala na ndị na-arụ ọrụ, site na ndị otu magazin ụmụ nwanyị nke Lorde na-azọrọ na ha napụrụ "ndị inyom ike na nghọta nke ibe ha". Ọ chọpụtara na "akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị nke agba [bụ] anaghị etinye ya na ọmụmụ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụla na ọmụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụ na ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu" <ref name=":0" /> ma gosipụta "ịdị iche" nke ụmụ nwanyị nke na-acha agba na ụmụ nwanyị na mba ndị na-emepe emepe dị ka ihe kpatara ya.[was] Site n'ịdị n'otu obodo ndị a ma leghara ọdịiche ha anya, "ụmụ nwanyị nke agba na-aghọ 'ndị ọzọ,' ndị si n'èzí nke ahụmịhe na ọdịnala ha bụ 'ndị si mba ọzọ' ịghọta", <ref name=":0" /> ma si otú a, o yiri ka ha erughị eru maka nlebara anya ndị ọkà mmụta na agụmakwụkwọ dị iche. Lorde gbasaa echiche a nke ịjụ onye nke ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ ngwaahịa nke ọha mmadụ anyị. N'ụzọ uche, a zụrụ ndị mmadụ ka ha meghachi omume na enweghị afọ ojuju site n'ileghara ya anya. Mgbe ileghara nsogbu anya anaghị arụ ọrụ, a na-amanye ha ime ka ha kwekọọ ma ọ bụ bibie ha. Ọ na-ekwu na ndị mmadụ emeghachiri n'okwu a na ọdịiche dị na okike, agbụrụ, na okike: ileghara anya, kwekọọ, ma ọ bụ bibie. Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-ekwu na a ga-eji ọchịchọ ịmata ihe ma ọ bụ nghọta na-abịakwute ọdịiche. Lorde katọrọ echiche nke ịhọrọ onye ka elu na onye dị ala mgbe ọ na-atụnyere ihe abụọ. N'ihe banyere ndị mmadụ, nkwupụta, na njirimara, ọ na-ekwu na e kwesịrị inwe nhọrọ nke atọ nke ịha nhata. Otú ọ dị, Lorde na-ekwusi ike na edemede ya na ekwesighi imebi ma ọ bụ ghara ịnakwere ọdịiche. Enweghị ịgọnahụ ọdịiche dị na ahụmịhe nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ụmụ nwanyị ọcha, dịka egosiri site na ihe atụ na edemede Lorde, mana Lorde na-alụ ọgụ megide isi ihe na ọdịiche dị njọ. Audre Lorde kpọrọ oku ka a nabata ọdịiche ndị a. N'otu edemede ahụ, o kwupụtara, "ugbu a anyị ga-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ndị ha na anyị hà nhata, ma ọ bụghị ndị dị ala ma ọ bụ ndị dị elu, ma chepụta ụzọ iji ọdịiche nke ibe anyị mee ka ọhụụ anyị na ọgụ anyị dị n'otu baa ọgaranya" <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Lorde|first=Audre|title=Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches|publisher=The Crossing Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0895941411|year=1984}}</ref> Ime nke a ga-eduga n'ịgbakwunye ma si otú a, ihe mgbaru ọsọ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Lorde dere na ụmụ nwanyị ga- "mepụta nkọwa ọhụrụ nke ike na usoro ọhụrụ nke mmekọrịta dị iche iche. Nkọwa ochie ejighị anyị ozi". Site n'ịdị n'otu, Lorde dere na ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike iweghachi mmegbu ha na-eche ihu ma mepụta obodo ka mma maka onwe ha na ndị ha hụrụ n'anya. Lorde kwuru na ezi mmepe na obodo ndị dị n'ụwa nke atọ ga-abụ na ọbụna "ọdịnihu nke ụwa anyị nwere ike ịdabere na ikike ụmụ nwanyị niile nwere ịchọpụta ma mepụta nkọwa ọhụrụ nke ike na usoro ọhụrụ nke mmekọrịta gafee ọdịiche. " <ref name=":0" /> N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, olu na nchegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị na agba na ụmụ nwanyị na mba ndị na-emepe emepe ga-abụ nzọụkwụ mbụ n'inweta nnwere onwe na ikike ịzụlite na ịgbanwe obodo ha n'ụzọ dị irè n'oge (na ọdịnihu) nke ijikọ ụwa ọnụ. ==== Okwu ==== N'okwu dị mkpa na National Third-World Gay and Lesbian Conference na October 13, 1979, nke isiokwu ya bụ, "Olee mgbe amaghị ihe ga-agwụ?" Lorde chetara ma dọọ ndị bịaranụ aka na ntị, "E nwere ọdịiche dị egwu nke ìgwè dị iche iche n'ime nzukọ a, na ọdịiche dị mma n'etiti anyị n'ime ìgwè ndị ahụ. Ọdịiche ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ike na-eme ka ọhụụ anyị maka ọdịnihu. Anyị agaghị ekwe ka e jiri ya kewaa anyị n'etiti onwe anyị, ma ọ bụrụ otu ihe anyị, ọ bụrụ na anyị, anyị agaghị achọ ka anyị mee ka anyị mee ihe ha, ọ bụrụ otu anyị, ọ dị iche iche iche, ọ bụrụ ihe ha, ma ọ dị iche, anyị, ọ ga-achọ ka anyị ghara iche, ọ dị n'etiti ha mee ka anyị, anyị, anyị ghara iche iche, anyị ghara ime anyị, ọ ghara ime anyị na anyị, ọ bụ site na anyị, ka anyị, ọ hapụ anyị, anyị ka anyị, ka ndị ọzọ, anyị, ka m ka anyị,<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=I Am Your Sister: Collected and Unpublished Writings of Audre Lorde|last=Lorde|first=Audre|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|location=Oxford|pages=209–212}}</ref> Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, n'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1983, Audre Lorde kwuru okwu dị ka akụkụ nke "Litany of Commitment" na March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. "Taa anyị na-aga," ka o kwuru, "ndị na-edina nwoke ibe anyị na ụmụ anyị, na-eguzo n'aha nke anyị na ụmụnne anyị niile na-alụ ọgụ ebe a na gburugburu ụwa, na Middle East, na Central America, na Caribbean na South Africa, na-ekerịta mkpebi anyị ịrụ ọrụ maka ọdịnihu dị mma. Anyị maara na anyị ekwesịghị ịghọ ihe yiri ibe anyị iji nwee ike ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ. Anyị maara ete mgbe anyị jikọtara aka gafee tebụl nke ọdịiche anyị niile ga-enye anyị ike na nnukwu ike, mgbe ahụ anyị niile.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=I Am Your Sister: Collected and Unpublished Writings of Audre Lorde|last=Lorde|first=Audre|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|location=Oxford|pages=209–212}}</ref> Onye ọkà mmụta ụmụ nwanyị Afro-German na onye edemede Dr. Marion Kraft gbara Audre Lorde ajụjụ ọnụ na 1986 iji kwurịta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ya na uri ya. N'ajụjụ ọnụ a, Audre Lorde kwupụtara olileanya maka oke agụmakwụkwọ na okwu ụmụ nwanyị. Mgbe Kraft jụrụ ya, "Ị na-ahụ mmepe ọ bụla nke mmata banyere mkpa ọdịiche dị n'ime òtù ụmụ nwanyị White?" Lorde ji nkatọ na olileanya zaghachi: <ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=Audre Lorde's Transnational Legacies|author=Broeck|first=Sabine|publisher=University of Massachusetts Press|year=2015|location=Boston|pages=45–50}}</ref><blockquote>Ọfọn, òtù ụmụ nwanyị, òtù ụmụ nwoke ọcha, ejirila nwayọ na-amata na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ bụ nchegbu ụmụ nwanyị, ọ bụghị nke na-achọ ọdịmma onwe ya, kama nke bụ akụkụ na akụkụ nke uche ụmụ nwanyị. Echere m, n'ezie, na ihe na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe nakwa na e nwere ụmụ nwanyị ọcha ugbu a na-aghọta na maka ọdịmma nke ezigbo njikọ aka, ha ga-ahụ na anyị abụghị otu. Ụmụ nwanyị ojii abụghị ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na Blackface. Ọ bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya na-apụta na ndụ, ọchịchọ, na eziokwu nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii. Anyị na ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na-ekerịta ihe ụfọdụ, na e nwere ihe ndị ọzọ anyị na-adịghị ekerịta. Anyị ga-enwe ike ịbịakọta gburugburu ihe ndị anyị na-ekerịta.</blockquote>Nkatọ Lorde nke ndị nwanyị n'afọ 1960 gosipụtara okwu gbasara agbụrụ, klaasị, afọ, okike, na mmekọahụ. N'otu aka ahụ, onye edemede na onye na-ede uri bụ Alice Walker chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ "nwanyị" n'ịgbalị ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ndị nta na "nwanyị." Ọ bụ ezie na a kọwawo "ụmụ nwanyị" dị ka "otu mmegharị na echiche ndị na-ekerịta otu ebumnuche: ịkọwapụta, guzobe, na nweta ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, omenala, nke onwe na nke ọha mmadụ maka ụmụ nwanyị" site n'ịma aka dị mfe dị n'etiti "ụmụ nwoke" na "ụmụ nwanyị," ndị ọkà mmụta nwanyị na ndị na-eme ihe ike na-elegharakarị ọdịiche dị na ahụmahụ na ihe ndị dị ka agbụrụ na okike kere n'ime òtù ọha mmadụ [67]. === Ịhụnanya ụmụ nwanyị n'anya na mgbagwoju anya ya === Ịdị adị nke ụmụ nwanyị na-emeghe nkọwa na nkọwa dị iche iche. Ihe Alice Walker kwuru banyere ụmụ nwanyị, na "ndị inyom bụ ndị inyom dịka ndị purple bụ ndị lavender", na-egosi na oke ọmụmụ nke ụmụ nwanyị gụnyere ma gafee nke ụmụ nwanyị. Na nkọwa ya kachasị mkpirikpi, feminism bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị ojii nke e guzobere iji meghachi omume na uto nke echiche agbụrụ n'ime òtù ụmụ nwanyị. .Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ sara mbara, feminism bụ "mmegharị mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-adabere na nsogbu kwa ụbọchị na ahụmahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ndị inyom ndị ọzọ na-acha agba," kamakwa nke "na-achọ ụzọ isi kpochapụ ahaghị nhata ọ bụghị naanị maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii, mana maka mmadụ niile" site n'ịkwado maka nha anya na nha anya. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na nwanyị na-emeghe nkọwa, otu n'ime nkatọ ndị a na-emekarị nke nwanyị bụ enweghị usoro nkwenye dị n'otu. A katọkwara ya maka enweghị mkparịta ụka gbasara mmekọahụ. Lorde gbasiri mbọ ike maka mgbanwe omenala n'ime obodo nwanyị site n'iji echiche nke nwanyị. N'akwụkwọ bụ "Anger among Allies: Audre Lorde's 1981 Keynote Admonishing the National Women's Studies Association", e kwuru na okwu ya nyere aka na mkparịta ụka na nghọta nke ajọ mbunobi ọha na eze n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta. Ọ bụ ezie na "ihe ize ndụ, obodo ndị a na-ekewaghị ekewa, na omenala US" bụ isi isiokwu nke okwu ahụ, Lorde webatara okwu dịgasị iche iche iji maa aka n'echiche nke ndị na-ege ya "nwanyị ọcha".[1] Ọ gara n'ihu kọwaa na "anyị na-arụ ọrụ n'ọnọdụ mmegbu na egwu, nke ihe kpatara ya abụghị iwe dị n'etiti anyị, kama ọ bụ ịkpọasị siri ike megide ụmụ nwanyị niile, ndị na-acha ọbara ọbara, ndị na'anya nwanyị na ndị nwoke na-edina nwoke, ndị ogbenye - megide anyị niile na-achọ inyocha ihe ndị dị na ndụ anyị ka anyị na-eguzogide mmegbu anyị, na-aga n'ihu na njikọ aka na ime ihe dị irè. "<ref name="Academic Search Complete">{{Cite journal|author=Olson|first=Lester|title=Anger Among Allies: Audre Lorde's 1981 Keynote Admonishing The National Women's Studies Association|journal=Quarterly Journal of Speech|year=2011|volume=97|issue=3|pages=283–308|doi=10.1080/00335630.2011.585169|url=https://zenodo.org/record/889836|accessdate=June 24, 2019}}</ref> N'adịghị ka nke a, Lorde na-emeghe nke ọma maka mmekọahụ ya na ịmụrụ anya mmekọahụ. Na Zami: A New Spelling of My Name, ya "biomythography" (okwu nke Lorde chepụtara nke jikọtara "akụkọ ndụ" na "akụkọ ifo") o dere, "Afọ ole na ole mgbe m toro, mgbe ọ bụla m chere banyere ụzọ m si esi esi ísì n'ụbọchị ahụ, m ga-eche echiche nke nne m, aka ya ka a na-ehichapụ ya ma debe ya nke ọma, na-ele m anya n'elu àkwà, wee jiri nwayọ, nlezianya, mmekọrịta nwanyị ọ bụla na-emetụ n'okpuru, dị ichebe ya na ọnọdụ mmekọahụ nke Lorde"<ref name="Academic Search Complete-2">{{Cite journal|author=Hua|first=Anh|title=Audre Lorde's Zami, Erotic Embodied Memory, and the Affirmation of Difference|journal=Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies|year=2015|volume=36|issue=1|pages=113–35|doi=10.5250/fronjwomestud.36.1.0113}}</ref><ref name="Academic Search Complete-2" /> Mmetụta Lorde nwere n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị enweela ihe dị ịrịba ama.<ref name="JSTOR">{{Cite journal|author=Aptheker|first=Bettina|title=Audre Lorde, Presente|journal=Women's Studies Quarterly|year=2012|volume=autumn/winter|issue=3–4|pages=289–94|doi=10.1353/wsq.2013.0011}}</ref> Lorde nyere ụfọdụ n'ime ihe odide ya na akwụkwọ onwe ya na Lesbian Herstory Archives.<ref name="Klinger">{{Cite book|author=Klinger|first=Alisa|title=Same-Sex Cultures and Sexualities: An Anthropological Reader|year=2005|publisher=Blackwell Pub.|location=Malden, MA|isbn=978-0-470-77676-6|pages=75–79|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsTzWk5r6U4C&pg=PA73|chapter=Resources for Lesbian Ethnographic Research in the Lavender Archives|accessdate=July 31, 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 1962, Lorde lụrụ onye ọka iwu Edwin Rollins, onye bụ onye ọcha, nwoke na-edina nwoke ibe ya.<ref name="foundation">{{Cite web|accessdate=March 28, 2021|title=Audre Lorde 1934-1992|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/audre-lorde|publisher=Poetry Foundation|archivedate=November 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127194430/https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/audre-lorde}}</ref> Audre anọwo na-ebi ndụ n'ihu ọha dị ka nwanyị na-edina nwoke kemgbe kọleji, mana n'ihi ịkpa ókè homophobic, ha abụọ kpebiri ịnọgide na-anọ na nzuzo. Audre na Edwin nọgidere na-enwe mmekọrịta ghere oghe, na-enye ibe ha ohere ịchụso mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=New-York Historical Society|date=October 28, 2024|title=Life Story: Audre Lorde (1934-1992)|url=https://wams.nyhistory.org/end-of-the-twentieth-century/a-conservative-turn/audre-lorde/#resource|work=Women and the American Story}}</ref> Ya na Rollins gbara alụkwaghịm na 1970 mgbe ha mụrụ ụmụ abụọ, Elizabeth na Jonathan. N'afọ 1966, Lorde ghọrọ onye isi ọbá akwụkwọ na Town School Library na New York City, ebe ọ nọrọ ruo n'afọ 1968.<ref name="Audre Lorde's Life and Career">{{Cite web|author=Threatt Kulii|first=Beverly|title=Audre Lorde's Life and Career|url=http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/lorde/life.htm|work=|publisher=University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign{{snd}}Department of English|accessdate=November 8, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121211926/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/lorde/life.htm|archivedate=November 21, 2015}}</ref> Lorde na onye na-ese ihe na onye na'ese ihe [[Mildred Thompson]] nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ zutere ya na Naịjirịa na Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC 77). Ha abụọ sonyere n'oge Thompson bi na Washington, D.C.[83] Lorde na onye ikpeazụ ya dị ịrịba ama, onye ojii Gloria Joseph, biri ọnụ n’agwaetiti St. Croix, St. Joseph. Lorde na Joseph na-akpa kemgbe 1981, mgbe a chọpụtara na Lorde nwere ọrịa kansa imeju, na Clayton kwagara n'ihu ọha na St. Croix. Ha tinyere aka na otu dị iche iche, gụnyere Che Lumumba School for Truth, Women's League of St. Croix, US Virgin Islands, Ụmụnna nwanyị na Nkwado nke Ụmụnna nwanyị na South Africa, na Doc Loc Apiary.[1] == Afọ ndị ikpeazụ == A chọpụtara Lorde nwere ọrịa kansa ara na 1978 wee mee mastectomy. Afọ isii ka e mesịrị, ọ chọpụtara na ọrịa kansa ara ya agbasawo n'imeju ya. Mgbe nchọpụta mbụ ya gasịrị, o dere The Cancer Journals, bụ nke meriri American Library Association Gay Caucus Book of the Year Award na 1981. [1] E gosipụtara ya dị ka isiokwu nke ihe ngosi a na-akpọ A Litany for Survival: The Life and Work of Audre Lorde, nke na-egosi ya dị ka onye edemede, onye na-ede uri, onye na-akwado ikike obodo, nwanyị, onye nkụzi, onye na-agba ọsọ ndụ. A na-ehota ya na-ekwu, sị: "Ihe m hapụrụ nwere ndụ nke ya. M kwuru nke a banyere uri; Ekwuru m nke a banyere ụmụaka. Ọfọn, n'ụzọ m na-ekwu nke a banyere onye m bụ "[3]. Site na 1991 ruo ọnwụ ya, ọ bụ onye New York State Poet laureate. <ref name="New York">{{Cite web|title=New York|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/main/poets/newyork.html|work=US State Poets Laureate|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=May 8, 2012|archivedate=November 30, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130130051/https://www.loc.gov/rr/main/poets/newyork.html}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-ahọpụta ya dị ka nke a, gọvanọ Mario Cuomo kwuru banyere Lorde, "echiche ya na-ebute echiche nke ikpe na-ezighị ezi agbụrụ na obi ọjọọ, nke ajọ mbunobi mmekọahụ... Ọ na-eti mkpu megide ya dị ka olu nke ụmụ mmadụ iwe. Audre Lorde bụ olu onye si n'èzí na-ekwu okwu n'asụsụ nwere ike iru ma metụ ndị mmadụ n'ebe niile. " N'afọ 1992, ọ natara Bill Whitehead Award maka Lifetime Achievement site na Publishing Triangle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alp.org/about/audre|title=About Audre Lorde {{!}} The Audre Lorde Project|work=The Audre Lorde Project|date=November 6, 2007|accessdate=October 24, 2018|archivedate=October 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024023739/https://alp.org/about/audre}}</ref> N'afọ 2001, Publishing Triangle guzobere onyinye Audre Lorde iji sọpụrụ ọrụ nke uri ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.publishingtriangle.org/awards.asp#Audre|title=Publishing Triangle awards page|accessdate=January 15, 2016|archivedate=March 23, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323191422/http://www.publishingtriangle.org/awards.asp#Audre}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == * 1979, 1983: MacDowell Fellowship<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macdowell.org/artists/audre-lorde|title=Audre Lorde - Artist|work=MacDowell|accessdate=July 15, 2020|archivedate=July 15, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715184829/https://www.macdowell.org/artists/audre-lorde}}</ref> * 1991-1992: New York State Poet laureate.<ref name="New York">{{Cite web|title=New York|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/main/poets/newyork.html|work=US State Poets Laureate|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=May 8, 2012|archivedate=November 30, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130130051/https://www.loc.gov/rr/main/poets/newyork.html}}</ref> The Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, otu nzukọ dị na New York City aha ya bụ Michael Callen na Lorde, raara onwe ya nye inye ndị obodo LGBT nlekọta ahụike n'agbanyeghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ. Callen-Lorde bụ naanị ebe nlekọta bụ isi na New York City emebere ka ọ na-ejere ndị LGBT ozi.[1] Audre Lorde Project, nke e guzobere na 1994, bụ òtù dị na Brooklyn maka ndị LGBT na-acha ọbara ọbara. Nzukọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya na nhazi obodo na ọrụ na-enweghị ime ihe ike gbasara nsogbu ndị na-aga n'ihu n'ime New York City, ọkachasị ndị metụtara obodo LGBT, ọrụ AIDS na HIV, ọrụ na-akwado ndị mbata, mgbanwe ụlọ mkpọrọ, na ịhazi n'etiti ndị ntorobịa na-acha ọbara ọbara.<ref name="About the Audre Lorde Project">{{Cite web|url=https://alp.org/about|title=About ALP|date=November 6, 2007|work=The Audre Lorde Project|accessdate=October 24, 2018|archivedate=February 13, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064152/https://alp.org/about}}</ref> Na June 2019, Lorde bụ otu n'ime ndị America iri ise "ndị ọsụ ụzọ, ndị na-ebute ụzọ, na ndị dike" nke e webatara na National LGBTQ Wall of Honor n'ime Stonewall National Monument (SNM) na Stonewall Inn nke New York City.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|url=https://www.metro.us/news/local-news/new-york/stonewall-inn-lgbtq-wall-honor|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor unveiled at Stonewall Inn|author=Glasses-Baker|first=Becca|date=June 27, 2019|work=metro.us|accessdate=June 28, 2019|archivedate=June 28, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628133313/https://www.metro.us/news/local-news/new-york/stonewall-inn-lgbtq-wall-honor}}</ref><ref name="SDGLN">{{Cite web|url=https://sdgln.com/news/2019/06/19/national-lgbtq-wall-honor-be-unveiled-historic-stonewall-inn|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor to be unveiled at historic Stonewall Inn|author=Rawles|first=Timothy|date=June 19, 2019|work=San Diego Gay and Lesbian News|accessdate=June 21, 2019|archivedate=June 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621091646/https://sdgln.com/news/2019/06/19/national-lgbtq-wall-honor-be-unveiled-historic-stonewall-inn}}</ref> SNM bụ Ihe ncheta mba U.S. mbụ a raara nye Ikike LGBTQ na akụkọ ihe mere eme, na oge a ga-ekpughe mgbidi ahụ n'oge ncheta afọ 50 nke Ọgba aghara Stonewall. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Laird|first=Cynthia|url=https://www.ebar.com/news/news//272833|title=Groups seek names for Stonewall 50 honor wall|work=The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.|accessdate=May 24, 2019|archivedate=May 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524021601/https://www.ebar.com/news/news//272833}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Sachet|first=Donna|url=http://sfbaytimes.com/stonewall-50/|title=Stonewall 50|date=April 3, 2019|work=San Francisco Bay Times|accessdate=May 25, 2019|archivedate=May 25, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525134357/http://sfbaytimes.com/stonewall-50/}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, a kpọbatara Lorde n'ime Legacy Walk, ihe ngosi ọha na eze n'èzí na [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]], nke na-eme emume akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndị mmadụ LGBTQ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-gay-plaque-wrigleyville-20141012-story.html|title=Legacy Walk honors LGBT 'guardian angels'|date=October 11, 2014|work=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=October 13, 2014|archivedate=May 29, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529001821/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-gay-plaque-wrigleyville-20141012-story.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/pride/2014/10/11/photos-7-lgbt-heroes-honored-plaques-chicagos-legacy-walk?page=full|title=Photos: 7 LGBT Heroes Honored With Plaques in Chicago's Legacy Walk|work=Advocate.com|date=October 11, 2014|accessdate=October 13, 2014|archivedate=July 6, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706030243/http://www.advocate.com/pride/2014/10/11/photos-7-lgbt-heroes-honored-plaques-chicagos-legacy-walk?page=full}}</ref> Ihe nrite Audre Lorde bụ ihe nrite edemede kwa afọ nke Publishing Triangle na-enye iji sọpụrụ ọrụ nke uri ụmụ nwanyị, nke mbụ e gosipụtara na 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Audre Lorde Award for Lesbian Poetry|url=https://publishingtriangle.org/awards/audre-lorde-lesbian-poetry/|accessdate=2024-02-13|work=The Publishing Triangle|language=en-US|archivedate=October 28, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028211138/https://publishingtriangle.org/awards/audre-lorde-lesbian-poetry/}}</ref> In June 2019, Lorde's residence in Staten Island<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2642.pdf|title=Audre Lorde Residence|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|date=June 18, 2019|accessdate=January 22, 2020|archivedate=September 18, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918023136/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2642.pdf}}</ref> was given landmark designation by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/449355-six-new-york-city-locations-dedicated-as-lgbtq-landmarks|title=Six New York City locations dedicated as LGBTQ landmarks|publisher=TheHill|date=June 19, 2019|accessdate=June 24, 2019|archivedate=June 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624190313/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/449355-six-new-york-city-locations-dedicated-as-lgbtq-landmarks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/six-historical-new-york-city-lgbtq-sites-given-landmark-designation-n1019336|title=Six historical New York City LGBTQ sites given landmark designation|work=NBC News|date=June 19, 2019|accessdate=June 24, 2019|archivedate=June 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624073921/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/six-historical-new-york-city-lgbtq-sites-given-landmark-designation-n1019336}}</ref> Maka egwuregwu mbụ ha na Machị 2019, ụmụ nwanyị nke otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke United States na-eyi uwe elu nwere aha nwanyị ha na-asọpụrụ n'azụ; Megan Rapinoe họọrọ aha Lorde.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ennis|first=Dawn|url=https://www.outsports.com/2019/3/4/18248520/lesbian-icons-honored-with-jerseys-worn-uswnt|title=Lesbian icons honored with jerseys worn by USWNT|publisher=Outsports|date=March 4, 2019|accessdate=March 4, 2019|archivedate=March 5, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305152541/https://www.outsports.com/2019/3/4/18248520/lesbian-icons-honored-with-jerseys-worn-uswnt}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2021, a kpọrọ Audre onye ọrụ "Broad You Should Know" na podcast Broads You Should Know . <ref name="Broads You Should Know">{{Cite web|author=Broads You Should Know|title=Audre Lorde|url=https://broadsyoushouldknow.com/audre-lorde/|year=2021|accessdate=April 9, 2021|archivedate=April 17, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417235822/https://broadsyoushouldknow.com/audre-lorde/}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 18, 2021, Google mere emume ncheta ọmụmụ ya nke afọ 87 na Google Doodle. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Audre Lorde's 87th Birthday|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/audre-lordes-87th-birthday/|accessdate=February 18, 2021|work=www.google.com|language=en}}</ref> Na Septemba 2023, a gbanwere aha akụkụ ugwu nke Manteuffelstrasse dị na Berlin Kreuzberg ka ọ bụrụ Audre-Lorde-Straße . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tringali|first=Stella|date=2024-04-25|title=Berlin: Chaos bei der Umbenennung der Manteuffelstraße in Audre-Lorde-Straße|url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/mensch-metropole/berlin-chaos-bei-der-umbenennung-der-manteuffelstrasse-in-audre-lorde-strasse-li.2208679|accessdate=2024-05-16|work=Berliner Zeitung|language=de}}</ref> A rụchara ọrụ ahụ na June 28, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-11-02|title=Audre-Lorde-Straße: Berlin street renamed for feminist poet|url=https://www.the-berliner.com/english-news-berlin/audre-lorde-strase-berlin-street-renamed-for-feminist-poet/|accessdate=2025-11-02|work=The Berliner|language=en}}</ref> Lorde bụ isiokwu nke akụkọ ndụ 2024 akpọrọ Survival Is a Promise, nke Alexis Pauline Gumbs dere.<ref name="Wortham_article">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/22/magazine/audre-lorde-biography-legacy.html|title=The Afterlives of Audre Lorde|work=The New York Times|first=J|author=Wortham|date=August 22, 2024|accessdate=August 23, 2024|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi ma kwuo maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="Wortham_article" /> == Ọrụ == * {{Cite book|title=The First Cities|publisher=Poets Press|location=New York City|year=1968|oclc=12420176}} * {{Cite book|title=Cables to Rage|publisher=Paul Breman|location=London|year=1970|oclc=18047271}} * {{Cite book|title=From a Land Where Other People Live|publisher=Broadside Press|location=Detroit|year=1973|isbn=978-0-910296-97-7}} * {{Cite book|title=New York Head Shop and Museum|publisher=Broadside Press|location=Detroit|year=1974|isbn=978-0-910296-34-2}} * {{Cite book|title=Coal|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|location=New York|year=1976|isbn=978-0-393-04446-1}} * {{Cite book|title=Between Our Selves|publisher=Eidolon Editions|location=Point Reyes, California|year=1976|oclc=2976713}} * {{Cite book|title=Hanging Fire|year=1978}} * {{Cite book|title=The Black Unicorn|url=https://archive.org/details/blackunicornpoem00lord|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|location=New York|year=1978|isbn=978-0-393-31237-9}} * {{Cite book|title=Chosen Poems: Old and New|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|location=New York|year=1982|isbn=978-0-393-30017-8|url=https://archive.org/details/chosenpoemsoldne00lord}} * {{Cite book|title=Our Dead Behind Us|url=https://archive.org/details/ourdeadbehindusp00lord|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|location=New York|year=1986|isbn=978-0-393-30327-8}} * {{Cite book|title=The Marvelous Arithmetics of Distance: Poems 1987–1992|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|location=New York|year=1993|isbn=978-0-393-03513-1}} * {{Cite book|title=The Collected Poems of Audre Lorde|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|year=1997|isbn=9780393040906}}[a] * {{Cite book|title=Your Silence Will Not Protect You : Essays and Poems|publisher=Silver Press|year=2017|isbn=9780995716223}}[b] === Akwụkwọ Prose === * "N'ajụjụ ọnụ na Audre Lorde", na Against Sadomasochism: A Radical Feminist Analysis, ed. Robin Ruth Linden (East Palo Alto, Calif.: Frog in the Well, 1982.), peeji nke 66-71 , &nbsp;   === Ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ === == Hụkwa == {{Reflist|30em}} * Akwụkwọ ndị America * Ịbụ onye inyom na United States * Ndepụta nke ndị na-ede uri na-egosi mmekọahụ n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị * Ụmụ nwanyị ojii * Intersectionality * Afrocentrism == Edensibia == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5ogpzou8k0kq9igd9d4dt0zh9fd7iga 0 74782 692577 629243 2026-07-30T10:38:20Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692577 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eugene Akosa Keazor''' CPM ( AsaaJulaị 1907 - 1975) bụ onye uwe ojii Naijiria.saịtị na 1959 ruo mgbe Naịjirịa nwetara onwe ya n'afọ sochirinụ, ọ bụ onye uwe ojii kachasị elu nke onye Afrịka nwetụrụla n'ógbè Britain, ọ lara ezumike nká na 1964. A makwaara na n'ọtụtụ ọkwa n'ọrụ ya, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị uwe ojii kachasị elu na Ndị ọchịchị Britain. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Keazor na Obosi, Eastern Nigeria (n'ihe bụzi Anambra State) na Asaa Julaị 1907, n'aka Ikeazor Uba Oboli I, onye isi obodo na onye mbụ a tọghatara n'[[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]] na Obosi. Nwa okorobịa Keazor nwetara nnabata n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Obosi ụlọ akwụkwọ obodonke e guzobere ọhụrụ na Dennis memorial grammar ụlọ akwụkwọ na [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]] na 1920 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ato. Ọ bụ onye otu Boy Scouts nke Naijiria ma họrọ ya maka Inaugural World Scout Jamboree na Olympia, London na 1920. == Ọrụ == Keazor sonyeere ndị uwe ojii West African n'ihe dị ka 1927 ma họrọ ya maka ọzụzụ ndị ọrụ na London, họpụta ya onye nleba anya na 1930 ma mesịa, na-ewere ọkwa nke osote onye nlekọta. Mgbe ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa, e kenyere ya iwu nke iwu ndị uwe ojii okporo ụzọ panti na Central Lagos, dị ka onye uwe ojii nke ngalaba. A họpụtara ya ma gaa emume olili ozu nke Eze George nke Isii dị ka otu n'ime ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị uwe ojii na Febụwarị 1952 [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/39575/supplements/3361] Keazor ruru ọkwa nke osote onye uwe ojii na 1959, ọkwá kachasị elu nke onye Afrịka nwere n'ihe ga-aghọ [[Nigeria Police Force|Ndị uwe ojii Naịjirịa]] mgbe ọ ka nọ n'okpuru Iwu nke Gọọmentị Britain. O gosipụtara onwe ya n'ọrụ dị ka akụkụ nke ndị uwe ojii nke otu mba na-ahụ maka udo nke e debara aha ya na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo-Kinshasa]] n'oge nsogbu nke 1960. Ọ lara ezumike nká na 1964 gaa United Kingdom, ebe ya na nwunye ya Anne Abiola Keazor (née Solanke) biri. Ọ nwụrụ na 1975, ọtụtụ ụmụ dị ndụ, ọkachasị Chief Timothy Chimezie Ikeazor SAN LLD, onye guzobere atụmatụ enyemaka iwu nke Naijiria, Onye ọka ikpe ndị nsọpụrụ Kenneth Keazor, onye ọka iwu na onye ọka ikpe nke ụlọ ikpe dị elu nke Naijeria, Dr. Henry Keazor, ọkachamara na-ahụ maka ịba ahụ ezumike nká, na George Keazor, bụbu onye na-agba ọsọ na onye ọrụ gọọmentị. Maazị Oyebola Dada Adediran Keazor, na-arụ ọrụ na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Lagos dị ka Onye Ọrụ Obodo. == Onyinye == E nyere ya ihe nrite ndị uwe ojii nke Colonial na 1953 Birthday nsọpụrụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Colonial Empire (for Meritorious Service)|work=Supplement to the [[London Gazette]]|publisher=United Kingdom government|date=1953-06-03|quote=Eugene Kenneth KEAZOR, Assistant Super-intendent, Nigeria Police Force.}}</ref> == Edensibia == <references /> 05bxzyacv12agphdfbmf09ufak130ss 0 75059 692351 631469 2026-07-29T20:21:35Z Chinemeremprince 13026 fixed refference with invalid ref tag 692351 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Anne-Marie Campora''' (Ọnwa Iri na Abụọ 19, 1938 - 12 Nọvemba 2015) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Monegasque. == Ndụ mbụ na ezinụlọ == A mụrụ Anne-Marie Campora n'afọ 1938. <ref name="lancienmaire">{{Cite news|author=Hillion|first=Anne-Claire|title=L'ancien maire de Monaco est décédée à l'âge de 76 ans|url=http://archives.nicematin.com/derniere-minute/lancien-maire-de-monaco-est-decedee-a-lage-de-76-ans.2394800.html|accessdate=December 26, 2015|work=[[Nice Matin]]|date=November 12, 2015}}</ref> Nna ya, Charles Campora, jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke AS Monaco FC, klọb bọọlụ mba nke Monaco.<ref name="lexpressalbertcontre">{{Cite news|author=Dupuis|first=Jérôme|title=Albert contre la vieille garde|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/informations/albert-contre-la-vieille-garde_633203.html|accessdate=December 25, 2015|work=L'Express|date=May 8, 1999}}</ref> Nwanne ejima ya, Jean-Louis Campora, jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke AS Monaco FC site na 1975 ruo 2003, yana dịka onye isi oche ናይ National Council site na 1993 ruo 2003.<ref name="lexpressalbertcontre" /> == Ọrụ == Campona rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi obodo Monaco site na 1991 ruo 2003. <ref name="anciensmaires">{{Cite web|title=Anciens Maires|url=http://www.mairie.mc/mairie-monaco/histoire-de-la-commune/|work=Ville de Monaco|accessdate=December 19, 2015|archivedate=December 28, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228212259/https://www.mairie.mc/mairie-monaco/histoire-de-la-commune/}}</ref> Ọ bụ naanị nwanyị mbụ jere ozi dị ka onyeisi obodo Monaco.<ref name="quelleplacematin">{{Cite news|author=Verany|first=Cedric|title=Quelle place pour les femmes au pouvoir à Monaco?|url=http://archives.monacomatin.mc/monaco/quelle-place-pour-les-femmes-au-pouvoir-a-monaco.1648182.html|accessdate=December 26, 2015|work=Monaco Matin|date=March 8, 2014}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == Campora nwụrụ na 12 Nọvemba 2015. <ref name="lancienmaire" /> E mere emume olili ozu ya na Chọọchị Saint-Charles dị na Monaco . <ref name="lancienmaire" /><ref name="lhommagemone">{{Cite news|author=Hillion|first=Anne-Claire|title=L'hommage monégasque à Anne-Marie Campora|url=http://archives.monacomatin.mc/monaco/lhommage-monegasque-a-anne-marie-campora.2400589.html|accessdate=December 26, 2015|work=Monaco Matin|date=November 19, 2015}}</ref> Albert nke Abụọ, Prince of Monaco, onye isi obodo Georges Marsan, na ndị otu Council of Government niile bịara ya.<ref name="lhommagemone" /> E liri Campora n'ili ezinụlọ ya na Monaco Cemetery . <ref name="lhommagemone" /> Na Septemba 2021, a gụrụ otu ogige ọha na eze na Monaco aha ya (Place Anne-Marie Campora). <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-08|title=La Mairie de Monaco et les femmes, une histoire d'engagement|url=https://www.vivremaville.mc/dossiers/la-mairie-de-monaco-et-les-femmes-une-histoire-dengagement|accessdate=2024-09-29|work=Magazine - Vivre ma ville|language=fr}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} bsgpn91u11u1soqlxyd1zmbki7ifu7v 0 75074 692328 631489 2026-07-29T19:36:30Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference error 692328 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hnin Mya''' (Burmese, 10 Disemba 1887 - 28 Nọvemba 1974) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Burmese. N'afọ 1932, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ so na Kansụl Iwu. == Akụkọ ndụ == Hnin Mya bụ nwanne nwanyị Chit Hlaing, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama. Mgbe enyere ụmụ nwanyị ikike ịzọ ọkwa n'afọ 1929, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu site na mpaghara Moulmein Town na ntuli aka nke afọ 1932, wee bụrụ nwanyị mbụ so na ya. Mgbe a họpụtara ya, o kwuru na ya ga-ekwe ka nwoke ahụ ọ meriri were oche ahụ. N'oge mbụ ọ nọ n'ọchịchị omeiwu, o tinyere iwu iji kwe ka ụmụ nwanyị niile karịrị afọ 18 mee ntuli aka, kwụsị ụtụ isi ala ma kwe ka ụmụ nwanyị Burma keta ala nke ndị di na-abụghị ndị Burma.<ref name=TI>[https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/on-this-day/day-myanmar-elected-first-female-senator.html The Day Myanmar Elected Its First Female Senator] The Irrawaddy, 16 November 2019</ref> Mgbe Ndị omeiwu nọchiri ndị omeiwu na 1936, A họpụtara ya ọzọ, na-anọgide na-abụ naanị nwanyị na ndị omeiwu. Ọ nwụrụ na 1974. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} dnmxuxkrnplxlza7sajkgytlujgpeae 0 75080 692474 631921 2026-07-30T08:34:05Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} '''Cilia Antonia Maria "Cilia" Loots''' (nke a maara dị ka "Tante Kiel"; 27 Disemba 1903 - 13 Mee 1988) bụ onye nkuzi Dutch na onye otu nnupụisi na-emegide Fascist, nke a maara maka ịzọpụta ụmụaka ndị Juu n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]].<ref name="yadvashem.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/righteous-women/loots.asp|title=Caecilia Antonia Maria Loots - Stories of Women Who Rescued Jews During the Holocaust - Righteous Among the Nations - Yad Vashem|publisher=}}</ref> A maara ya dị ka Onye Ezi Omume n'etiti Mba.<ref name="yadvashem.org" /> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Caecilia Loots na Haarlem.[1] Ọ gbara ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe maka ụmụaka nwere nnukwu nsogbu mmụta na Amersfoort, Province nke Utrecht.[1] Na 1942, o kpebiri izobe ọtụtụ ụmụaka ndị Juu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ya n'ihi arịrịọ enyi ya.[1][2] Ọ zoro ụmụaka ndị ọzọ ka oge na-aga, Dina van Heiningen (emesịa van der Geld) nyeere ya aka n'ọrụ ụlọ, ebe ọ maara na a na-ezobe ụmụaka ndị Juu.[1] Dina nyeere ya aka nkwụsi ike site n'ihe omume ndị dị ka ọrụ ozi na ikesa akwụkwọ akụkọ iwu na-akwadoghị.<ref name="yadvashem.org"/> Ụlọ akwụkwọ Loots bụ ebe dị ize ndụ iji zoo ụmụaka dịka ọ dị nso n'ogige ụlọ ọrụ Amersfoort; Emebere ebe ezoro ezo na mberede n'uko ụlọ mana ọ naghị adịkarị eji.[1] Loots zorokwa ụfọdụ ndị toro eto n'ụlọ ya n'oge agha ahụ, gụnyere ndị gbapụrụ n'ogige ụlọ ọrụ Amersfoort, yana inwe nzukọ mgbochi n'ebe ahụ.<ref name="yadvashem.org" /> N'afọ 1969, Yad Vashem nabatara Loots dị ka otu n'ime ndị ezi omume n'etiti mba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.ifcj.org/post/advocates-and-allies-caecilia-loots|title=Advocates and Allies: Caecilia Loots|work=The Bridge|accessdate=2026-04-30|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094835/http://blog.ifcj.org/post/advocates-and-allies-caecilia-loots}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 84 ma lie ya na Leusden . == Edensibịa == 91clpvnivyzcr4doujdwzhkhuvu2kcf 0 75111 692574 631580 2026-07-30T10:33:49Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692574 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Katheryn Alexia Rivas González''' Ọ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si El Salvador. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka Osote Onye isi ala nke abụọ nke Nzukọ omebe iwu nke El Salvador kemgbe 2024. == Mmụta == Rivas nwetara akara ugo mmụta na mmekọrịta mba ụwa na Mahadum El Salvador, ebe ọ nwetakwara diplọma na akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 2013. <ref name="asamblea1">{{Cite web|title=PERFIL PÚBLICO DIPUTADA KATHERYN ALEXIA RIVAS GONZÁLEZ|url=https://transparencia.asamblea.gob.sv/node/1543|work=[[Legislative Assembly of El Salvador]]|accessdate=6 April 2026|language=es}}</ref> Ọ na-agụ ugbu a maka akara bachelọ na ọmụmụ iwu na Mahadum Panamerican nke El Salvador. . <ref name="asamblea1" /> == Ọrụ == N’ọrụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ngalaba nkeonwe kemgbe afọ 2015, ma site na 2019 ruo 2021, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye na-ahazi ihe gbasara mba ụwa na Ministry of Health's Office of International Relations and Health Cooperation . <ref name="asamblea1" />[https://transparencia.asamblea.gob.sv/node/1543 "PERFIL PÚBLICO DIPUTADA KATHERYN ALEXIA RIVAS GONZÁLEZ"] &#x5B;PUBLIC PROFILE OF DEPUTY KATHERYN ALEXIA RIVAS GONZÁLEZ&#x5D;. ''[[Legislative Assembly of El Salvador]]'' (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2026</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> Na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2021, a họpụtara Rivas ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndị omeiwu maka pati Nuevas Ideas na-anọchite anya Ngalaba San Salvador.<ref name="hoy">{{Cite news|author=Hernández|first=Nancy|title=Salvadoreños eligieron a 23 mujeres diputadas, la representación femenina más baja en años. Conoce sus perfiles|url=https://historico.elsalvador.com/historico/824065/elecciones-2021-perfiles-diputadas-electas-legislacion-2024.html|accessdate=6 April 2026|work=[[El Diario de Hoy]]|date=6 April 2021|language=es}}</ref> Rivas bụ onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Ịha nhata ụmụ nwanyị na nwoke. <ref>{{Cite web|title=El pueblo salvadoreño convoca públicamente a diputados/as a dar iniciativa a la propuesta de Ley de Identidad de Género|url=https://www.fespad.org.sv/el-pueblo-salvadoreno-convoca-publicamente-a-diputados-as-a-dar-iniciativa-a-la-propuesta-de-ley-de-identidad-de-genero/|work=Fundación de Estudios para la Aplicación del Derecho (FESPAD) (Foundation for Studies on the Application of Law (FESPAD)|accessdate=6 April 2026|language=es|date=18 August 2021}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ọzọ na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Conoce los diputados electos para la Asamblea Legislativa 2024-2027 de El Salvador|url=https://diariolahuella.com/infografia-conoce-los-diputados-electos-para-la-asamblea-legislativa-2024-2027-de-el-salvador/|accessdate=6 April 2026|work=Diario La Huella|date=14 February 2024|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Magaña|first=Yolanda|title=Las marcas que logró cada uno de los 60 diputados electos 2024-2027|url=https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/las-marcas-que-logro-cada-uno-de-los-60-diputados-electos-2024-2027|accessdate=6 April 2026|work=[[El Mundo (El Salvador)]]|date=4 April 2024|language=es}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu National Security and Justice and Political Committees.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Katheryn Alexia Rivas González|url=https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/asamblea/comisiones/view/104|work=Legislative Assembly of El Salvador|accessdate=6 April 2026}}</ref> N’ụbọchị 6 Juún 2024, a họpụtara Rivas ma mee ka o ṅụọ iyi dịka Osote Onye isi ala nke abụọ nke Ụlọ Omebe Iwu, iji dochie [[Rodrigo Ayala (politician)|Rodrigo Ayala]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Crespín|first=Verónica|title=Alexia Rivas asume como segunda vicepresidenta de Asamblea Legislativa|url=https://diario.elmundo.sv/ampArticle/alexia-rivas-asume-como-segunda-vicepresidenta-de-asamblea-legislativa?amp=1|accessdate=6 April 2026|work=El Mundo (El Salvador)|date=6 June 2024|language=es}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9kqoz26nex106zmxkk13wjzdzsjs2gd 0 75120 692360 631595 2026-07-29T20:41:08Z Chinemeremprince 13026 fixed refference with invalid ref tag 692360 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annie Mullin''' (a mụrụ 1847-1921) bụ onye Welsh suffragist, onye ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na onye kansụl Liberal, O biri na Pontcanna. == Ọrụ == Mullin bụ onye ọrụ agụzụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma bụrụ otu n’ime ndị guzobere Òtù Ndị Nwanyị N’Ụlọ Ọchịchị Obodo nke Cardiff. Mullin bụ onye otu Women's Liberal Association, na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche nke ngalaba Cathays na Cardiff site na 1898 ruo 1901.[1] Na 1910, ọ tụpụtara ime mgbochi megide ndị ọrụ gọọmentị ọ bụla na-enweghị nkwado maka ịnye ụmụ nwanyị akwụkwọ ngafe maka ịtụ vootu na nnọkọ Cardiff nke ụmụ nwanyị Welsh Liberal.[1] Mullin bụ onye na-akwado nkwado maka ịnye ụmụ nwanyị akwụkwọ ngafe maka ịtụ vootu[2] ma bụrụkwa onye otu Cardiff na District Women's Suffrage Society.[1] <ref name=":1" />. Na ime Febrụwarị afọ 1898, Mullin guzoro dị ka onye otu kansụl Liberal maka Roath. Usoro nchịkwa ya bụ maka "mmadụnụ mmadụ ọzọ" n'ilekọta ndị ogbenye. Mullin nwụrụ na 1921, elikwara ya na Cathays Cemetery na Cardiff . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2018-02-06|title='I'm proud of her... how she pulled it off I don't know'|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/'I'm+proud+of+her...+how+she+pulled+it+off+I+don't+know'.-a0526409348|accessdate=2026-03-04|work=Western Mail}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thefreelibrary.com/'I'm+proud+of+her...+how+she+pulled+it+off+I+don't+know'.-a0526409348 "'I'm proud of her... how she pulled it off I don't know'"]. ''Western Mail''. 6 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2026</span> &#x2013; via Free Online Library.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hidden_Histories/1Pp30QEACAAJ?hl=en|title=Hidden Histories: Tales from Cathays Cemetery|date=2016|publisher=Friends of Cathays Cemetery|isbn=978-0-9562786-1-6|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, e gosipụtara Mullin n'egwuregwu banyere ndị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Cardiff nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri A48 gosipụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-20|title=Theatre group breathes new life into Cardiff’s historic characters|url=https://www.cardiffnewsroom.co.uk/releases/c25/29075.html|accessdate=2026-03-04|work=Cardiff Newsroom}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Gregory|first=Rhys|date=2022-05-24|title=Theatre group breathes new life into Cardiff’s historic characters|url=https://www.wales247.co.uk/theatre-group-breathes-new-life-into-cardiffs-historic-characters|accessdate=2026-03-04|work=Wales 247|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} pvo8b37dp4dj1m02kivj2l0x77j3bme 0 75339 692353 632379 2026-07-29T20:28:49Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference error 692353 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_sensitivity_and_resistance.jpg|alt=Two petri dishes with antibiotic resistance tests|thumb|Nnwale iguzogide ọgwụ nje : A na-agbanye nje bacteria na ihe siri ike na efere Petri na diski akwụkwọ na-edobe n'elu, nke ọ bụla na-agbanye ọgwụ nje dị iche iche. Mgbanaka doro anya, dị ka ndị dị n'aka ekpe, na-egosi na nje bacteria etobeghị gburugburu diski, na-egosi na nje bacteria ndị a adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria ndị dị n'aka nri na-eguzogide nke ọma atọ n'ime asaa ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ abụọ n'ime ọgwụ nje asaa a nwalere ]] '''Mgbochi nje''' ( '''AMR''' ma ọ bụ '''AR''' ) na-eme mgbe nje bacteria na-agbanwe usoro ndị na-echebe ha pụọ na ọgwụ nje, nke bụ ọgwụ e ji agwọ ọrịa n'ime mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization (WHO)|date=November 21, 2023|title=Antimicrobial resistance.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Nje bacteria ọ bụla nwere ike inwe iguzogide, gụnyere nje bacteria ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje virus ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje bacteria (nguzogide '''nje''' ), na fungi ( '''nguzogide nje''' ). N'otu aka ahụ, mgbanwe ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru nche anwụ AMR, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ahụike n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na njikwa na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-akpata iguzogide a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwekwara ike ime n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. <ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref> A na-akpọ nje bacteria ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche ọgwụ dị iche iche (MDR) ma a na-akpọkwa ha superbugs mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref name="Magiorakos">{{Cite journal|date=March 2012|title=Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=18|issue=3|pages=268–281|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x|pmid=21793988}}</ref> Mgbochi ọgwụ nje, obere mpaghara AMR, na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, na-akpaghasị njikwa ọrịa na nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Nguzogide na-ebilite site na ngbanwe na mberede, mbufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, yana mmụba nke nhọrọ site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe, ma na ọgwụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-eme ka mmepe nguzogide dị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="MP">{{Cite journal|title=Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic|journal=Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance|volume=7|pages=132–134|date=December 2016|pmid=27788414|doi=10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.003}}</ref> Usoro mgbochi, dị ka iji ọgwụ nje dị warara na-eme ka usoro ịdị ọcha dịkwuo mma, bu n'obi ibelata mgbasa nke nguzogide.<ref name="Swedish">{{Cite book|title=Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences|publisher=Public Health Agency of Sweden|year=2014|isbn=978-91-7603-011-0|url=http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/17351/Swedish-work-on-containment-of-antibiotic-resistance.pdf|location=Stockholm|pages=16–17, 121–128|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-ekwu na AMR bụ otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe, na-eche na AMR nje na-akpata kpọmkwem maka ọnwụ ụwa 1.27 nde na 2019 ma nyere aka na ọnwụ 4.95 nde. Ibu AMR buru ibu, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ metụtara ọrịa na-eguzogide. Ọrịa sitere na microbes AMR na-esiwanye ike ịgwọ ma na-achọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị oke ọnụ nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa. Ọzọkwa, WHO na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-adọ aka ná ntị na AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ ihe ruru nde 10 kwa afọ ka ọ na-erule 2050 ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe. Atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka oku maka nkwekọrịta AMR mba ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na mbọ achikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie ojiji n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nweta ego nyocha, na inye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị mkpa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọrịa COVID-19 butere akụrụngwa yana nlebara anya sayensị pụọ na AMR, na-eme ka ihe ịma aka ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="pmid33772597">{{Cite journal|title=Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=115|issue=10|pages=1122–1129|date=March 2021|pmid=33772597|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trab048}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria|thumb|300x300px|Eserese na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụba, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị, nje bacteria na-anwụ. Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụbakwa, ma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nje bacteria na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|work=niaid.nih.gov|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archivedate=27 July 2015}}</ref>]] Iguzogide antimicrobial pụtara na microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ antimicrobian nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa site na microorganisme ahụ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbochi bụ ihe onwunwe nke nje, ọ bụghị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-ebute nje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|accessdate=12 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archivedate=29 April 2015|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> Ụdị nje niile nwere ike ịzụlite iguzogide ọgwụ. Ya mere, e nwere ọgwụ nje, antifungal, antiviral na antiparasitic resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref><ref name="Saha_2021">{{Cite journal|title=Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Xenobiotics|volume=11|issue=4|pages=197–214|date=December 2021|pmid=34940513|doi=10.3390/jox11040013}}</ref> Mgbochi nje bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide a nke a na-ahụkarị na nje bacteria ma si otú a kewaa ya n'ime ihe abụọ ọzọ, microbiological na clinical. Nguzogide nje bacteria bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma na-esi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke gbanwere ma ọ bụ nke e ketara eketa, nke na-enye nje bacteria ohere iguzogide usoro igbu nje bacteria ndị metụtara ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide ahụike na-egosi ọdịda nke ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ebe nje bacteria ndị na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ọgwụgwọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbe ha lanarịrị nsonaazụ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ nke nguzogide enwetara, nje bacteria nwere ike ịgafe ihe mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nguzogide site na nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ: njikọ, transduction, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-enye ohere ka nguzogide gbasaa n'otu ụdị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ọbụna nje bacteria yiri ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance|journal=Medicine|volume=45|issue=10|pages=622–628|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == Akụkọ WHO wepụtara n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 kwuru, sị, "ihe iyi egwu a dị oke njọ abụghịzi amụma maka ọdịnihu, ọ na-eme ugbu a n'akụkụ ụwa niile ma nwee ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, n'afọ ọ bụla, na mba ọ bụla. Mgbochi ọgwụ nje—mgbe nje bacteria gbanwere ka ọgwụ nje ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndị chọrọ ka ha gwọọ ọrịa—bụzi ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike ọha na eze ugbu a. " Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise nwụrụ anwụ na AMR n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> Na 2019, ọnwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na AMR ruru nde 1.27 na 2019. N'otu afọ ahụ, AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nde mmadụ ise, otu n'ime mmadụ ise nwụrụ n'ihi AMR bụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2018, WHO lere iguzogide ọgwụ nje anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu kachasị ukwuu nye ahụike ụwa, nchekwa nri na mmepe. <ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance|title=Antibiotic resistance|work=who.int|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=21 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521035847/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance}}</ref> Ọnwụ ndị sitere na AMR dịgasị iche iche site na mpaghara: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ebe !Ọnwụ maka 100,000 nke AMR <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMurrayIkutaShararaSwetschinski2022">Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, et&nbsp;al. (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators) (February 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis"]. ''Lancet''. '''399''' (10325): <span class="nowrap">629–</span>655. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 8841637]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35065702 35065702]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246077406 246077406].</cite></ref> |- |Ebe Ugwu Africa na Middle East |11.2 |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anwụ Eshia, na Oceania |11.7 |- |Latin America na Caribbean |14.4 |- |Ebe etiti na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Ebe etiti Eshia |17.6 |- |Ndịda Eshia |21.5 |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |23.7 |} Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi na Njikwa Ọrịa nke Europe mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2015, e nwere ọrịa 671,689 na EU na Mpaghara Akụ na ụba Europe nke nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ 33,110. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara n'ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=56–66|date=January 2019|pmid=30409683|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for over 33,000 deaths in Europe in 2015, study finds|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155238/https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds}}</ref> Na 2019, e nwere ọnwụ 133,000 nke AMR kpatara. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis|journal=The Lancet. Public Health|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e897–e913|date=November 2022|pmid=36244350|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00225-0}}</ref> == Echiche Ahụike Otu == A maara iguzogide nje bacteria (AMR) nke ọma dị ka otu okwu ahụike, na-egosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Mmepe nke iguzogide nje bacteria a jikọtara ọnụ ma na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere ọgwụ mmadụ, ọgwụ anụmanụ na ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa. <ref name="Salam 1946">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=Md. Abdus|date=2023-07-05|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/13/1946|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37444780}}</ref> Ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na AMR nwere na ahụike mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyekwa aka na ịnọgide na-enwe na mgbasa nke AMR, ebe ihe fọdụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị na-eguzogide nje nwere ike ịbanye n'ala na sistemụ mmiri site na mmiri ọrụ ugbo, mwepụ mmiri mkpofu, na iwepụ ọgwụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-05-20|title=STAT!Ref|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=52|issue=10|pages=52–5379-52-5379|doi=10.5860/choice.189510|issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ịgwọ mgbochi nje bacteria site na otu usoro ahụike dị mkpa maka ibelata mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ya, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == AMR na-akpatakarị site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe gabiga ókè . <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who "Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO"]. ''[[World Health Organization]]''. 10 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ha na-amụpụta ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ha nwekwara ike imeghari gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma gbanwee otú ha ga-esi dị ndụ nke ọma. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|date=2025|title=Antimicrobial resistance: Causes.|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes}}</ref> Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mmadụ gburugburu ụwa enweghị ike ịnweta ọgwụ nje dị mkpa. <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Nke a na-eduga na nje bacteria ma na-agbanwe ihe nchebe megide ọgwụ eji agwọ ha, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ụdị nje bacteria ndị nwere ihe mgbochi ebumpụta ụwa megide ọgwụ nje na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ndị a na-emeri ngwa ngwa site na ọgwụ. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwekwara ike ime, nke ga-ekwe ka nje bacteria ahụ dị ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mgbochi nje na-eme n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ka oge na-aga, ojiji nke ihe mgbochi nje n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma n'èzí emeela ka iguzogide nje na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-enwe ike iguzogide ọgwụ nje ka oge na-aga site na mgbanwe eke, ịkọ ọgwụ nje gabigara ókè na ọgwụ nje na-ekwesịghị ekwesị emeela ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. N'oge mgbanwe, mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, mgbanwe ndị a na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ikpughe. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] O kwere omume na ihe dị ka 1 n'ime ọgwụ atọ e dere maka ọgwụ nje adịghị mkpa. <ref name="CDC_2016">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|title=CDC Newsroom|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html|accessdate=2023-02-28|work=CDC|archivedate=9 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309053532/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html}}</ref> Kwa afọ, a na-ede ihe dị ka nde 154 ọgwụ nje. N'ime ndị a, ihe ruru nde 46 adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa nwere. <ref name="CDC_2016" /> Microbes nwere ike ịmalite iguzogide site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme n'oge nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ndị a na-enweghị usoro dị ụkọ, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-amụpụta ugboro ugboro na ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ohere nke ndị bi na ya nweta mgbanwe nke na-eme ka iguzogide dịkwuo elu. <ref name="Michael_2014">{{Cite journal|title=The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=2|date=2014|pmid=25279369|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00145}}</ref> N'adịghị ka nke ahụ, nnyocha na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọdịnala nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ngwa ngwa, mycobacteria na-anọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike dị elu n'okpuru nrụgide ọgwụ nje, na-adabere na nnabata phenotypic na usoro ndozi DNA maka ndụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Genetic stability of Mycobacterium smegmatis under the stress of first-line antitubercular agents|journal=eLife|date=Nov 20, 2024|volume=13|issue=RP96695|doi=10.7554/eLife.96695.3|pmid=39565350|url=https://elifesciences.org/articles/96695}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Assessing the Impact of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Linezolid on Mycobacterial Genome Integrity|journal=Biomolecules|date=15 November 2024|volume=14|issue=1451|doi=10.3390/biom14111451|pmid=39595627|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1451}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-akwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ nje mgbe ha malitere inwe mmetụta dị mma. Mgbe nke a mere, o kwere omume na nje ndị na-adịghị mfe ọgwụgwọ ka na-anọgide n'ime ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na nje ndị a enwee ike ịnọgide na-amụ nwa, nke a nwere ike ibute ọrịa site na nje bacteria ndị na-adịghị mfe ịnweta ma ọ bụ ọbụna iguzogide ọgwụ nje. <ref name="Michael_2014" /> Ụmụ nje nwekwara ike ịnweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site n'aka ibe ha, nke na-eme ka ha ghara iguzogide ọgwụ. Bakteria ndị nwere DNA na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ebufekarị otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị a na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. Ha nwere ike ịmụba ma too nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|title=Archived copy|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.|date=2022|title=What causes antimicrobial resistance?|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> Usoro a, nke a maara dị ka nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'etiti ụdị nje bacteria dị iche iche site na usoro dị ka njikọ, mgbanwe, na transduction. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Michaelis|first=Claudia|date=2023-02-04|title=Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12020328|issn=2079-6382|pmid=36830238}}</ref> Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje site n'ịgbanwe onwe ha ma ọ bụ inweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iguzogide nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, iguzogide nje (AMR) etoola, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa urinary tract, STDs, na ụkwara nta sie ike ịgwọ. A naghị emepụta ọgwụ nje ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị emee ihe ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịbanye "oge mgbe ọgwụ nje gasịrị" ebe a na-apụghị ịgwọ ụfọdụ ọrịa. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}</ref> AMR na-eme ka ọrịa sikwuo ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji gwọọ. Ojiji ọgwụ nje kwesịrị ekwesị—ọgwụ ziri ezi, dose, na oge ọ ga-ewe—na ịdị ọcha siri ike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa. Ịlụso AMR ọgụ chọrọ mmekorita n'etiti gọọmentị, ndị ọrụ ahụike, ndị nchọpụta, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, na ọha na eze site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota iguzogide, igbochi ọgwụ nje n'ime anụmanụ, na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ, ọgwụ mgbochi, na ule. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> Mgbochi bụ usoro kachasị dị irè. Tinyere iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa maka ọgwụ ọhụrụ, ọgwụgwọ ọzọ, nchọpụta ka mma, na ọgwụ mgbochi. Ọ bụrụ na a naghị eme ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma, usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa dịka ịwa ahụ, mgbanwe akụkụ ahụ, nlekọta ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, na ọgwụgwọ kansa nwere ike ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> === Ihe ndị sitere n'okike === [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_Resistance_Spread.jpg|thumb|Ihe omuma CDC banyere otu ihe mgbochi nje si eme ma gbasaa]] AMR bụ usoro ebumpụta ụwa. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance" /> Mgbochi nje nwere ike ịmalite n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa n'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ọgwụ nje. Nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ike imeghari na gburugburu ha, dị ndụ, ma nọgide na-amụ ụmụ. <ref name="NS">{{Cite web|url=https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25|title=Natural selection|work=evolution.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2020-03-10|archivedate=30 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030201404/https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ụdị nje ndị na-adị ndụ ka oge na-aga site n'aka ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje ga-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-enweghị mgbochi a ga-aghọkwa ndị na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHolmesMooreSundsfjordSteinbakk2016">Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et&nbsp;al. (January 2016). [http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx "Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance"]. ''Lancet''. '''387''' (10014): <span class="nowrap">176–</span>87. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:10044/1/32225|10044/1/32225]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26603922 26603922]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1944665 1944665]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220414151453/http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx Archived] from the original on 14 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi nje nke oge a agbanweela n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa tupu e jiri ọgwụ nje ndị mmadụ na-eji eme ihe n'ụlọọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ mgbochi methicillin gbanwere dị ka ọgwụ nje nke hedgehogs, ikekwe dị ka mgbanwe nke nje ahụ na hedgehogs nke dermatophyte nke na-emepụta ọgwụ nje na-ebute. <ref name="MR">{{Cite journal|title=Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics|journal=Nature|volume=602|issue=7895|pages=135–141|date=February 2022|pmid=34987223|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04265-w}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ero na nje bacteria dị n'ala bụ ndị na-asọmpi n'okike, penisilini ọgwụ nje mbụ nke Alexander Fleming chọpụtara furu efu ngwa ngwa n'ịgwọ ụmụ mmadụ, nakwa na ọ dịghị penisilini ndị ọzọ e kere eke (F, K, N, X, O, U1 ma ọ bụ U6) a na-eji ugbu a n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Enwere ike inweta nguzogide nje site na nje ndị ọzọ site na ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'usoro a na-akpọ nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ. Nke a pụtara na ozugbo mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje pụtara n'ime obodo nje, ọ nwere ike gbasaa gaa na nje ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ahụ, nke nwere ike isi na nje ndị na-abụghị ọrịa pụta gaa na nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa. Usoro a na-akwalite nke ukwuu site na usoro nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa nke na-eme n'oge ojiji ọgwụ nje ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome|journal=Gut Microbes|volume=14|issue=1|date=2022-12-31|pmid=35332832|doi=10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na ọrịa ndị dị na ya ga-abụ ụdị nke na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje a na-eji agwọ ha, nke na-eme ka ihe a ghara ịdị irè ugbu a imeri ọtụtụ nje bacteria. Site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, a na-eme ka usoro okike a dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Ferri_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems|journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition|volume=57|issue=13|pages=2857–2876|date=September 2017|pmid=26464037|doi=10.1080/10408398.2015.1077192}}</ref> === Ọgwụ onwe onye === N'ọtụtụ mba, naanị dọkịta nwere ike ịnye ọgwụ nje, ụlọ ọgwụ na-enyekwa ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Database for Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Country Self- Assessment Survey (TrACSS)|url=http://amrcountryprogress.org/|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=amrcountryprogress.org|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328115257/http://amrcountryprogress.org/}}</ref> A na-akọwa ọgwụ ndị ahịa na-aṅụ n'onwe ha dị ka "ịṅụ ọgwụ n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ n'uche onye ọzọ, onye na-abụghị ọkachamara ahụike nwere asambodo", a chọpụtakwala ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi kpatara mmepe nke iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}</ref> Ịgwọ onwe onye site na iji ọgwụ nje bụ ụzọ na-adịghị mma iji ha mana ọ bụ ihe a na-emekarị na mba ndị nwere oke akụrụngwa. Omume a na-ekpughe ndị mmadụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke nje bacteria ndị mepụtara iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-eji nke a eme ihe n'ihi mkpa, mgbe enweghị ohere ịgakwuru dọkịta, ma ọ bụ mgbe ndị ọrịa nwere obere oge ma ọ bụ ego iji hụ dọkịta. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies|journal=Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control|volume=6|issue=1|date=2017-05-15|pmid=28515903|doi=10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x}}</ref> Mmụba a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe inweta ọgwụ nje. Ihe atụ bụ India, ebe na steeti Punjab, 73% nke ndị mmadụ malitere ịgwọ obere nsogbu ahụike ha na ọrịa ndị na-adịghị ala ala site na ọgwụ onwe onye. <ref name="Rather_2017" /> Ọgwụ onwe onye dị elu karịa n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ, nke a na-ejikọkwa ya na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, ebe a na-eji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'obodo kama iji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti (LMICs) sitere na 8.1% ruo 93%. Nnweta, ọnụ ahịa, na ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ, yana omume ịchọ ahụike, bụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTorresChibiMiddletonSolomon2019">Torres NF, Chibi B, Middleton LE, Solomon VP, Mashamba-Thompson TP (March 2019). "Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review". ''Public Health''. '''168''': <span class="nowrap">92–</span>101. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018|10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30716570 30716570]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73434085 73434085].</cite></ref> Nsogbu abụọ dị mkpa na ọgwụ onwe onye bụ enweghị ihe ọmụma banyere ọha na eze na, nke mbụ, mmetụta dị ize ndụ nke ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje (dịka ọmụmaatụ ciprofloxacin nke nwere ike ibute tendonitis, mgbawa akwara na [[Aortic dissection|mwepụ aorta]] ) <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Do fluoroquinolones increase aortic aneurysm or dissection incidence and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine|volume=9|date=2022-08-09|pmid=36017083|doi=10.3389/fcvm.2022.949538}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Fluoroquinolone-associated suspected tendonitis and tendon rupture: A pharmacovigilance analysis from 2016 to 2021 based on the FAERS database|journal=Frontiers in Pharmacology|volume=13|date=2022-09-06|pmid=36147351|doi=10.3389/fphar.2022.990241}}</ref> na, nke abụọ, iguzogide nje bacteria sara mbara na mgbe a ga-achọ nlekọta ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ahụ anaghị ehichapụ. Iji chọpụta ihe ọmụma ọha na eze na echiche ha nwere banyere iguzogide ọgwụ nje, e mere nyocha nke isiokwu 3,537 e bipụtara na Europe, Asia, na North America. N'ime mmadụ 55,225 a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ n'isiokwu ndị a, pasentị iri asaa (70%) anụla maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje na mbụ, mana pasentị iri asatọ na asatọ (88%) n'ime ndị ahụ chere na ọ na-ezo aka n'ụdị mgbanwe anụ ahụ n'ahụ mmadụ. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRatherKimBajpaiPark2017">Rather IA, Kim BC, Bajpai VK, Park YH (May 2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5415144 "Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention"]. ''Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences''. '''24''' (4): <span class="nowrap">808–</span>812. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004|10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5415144 5415144]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28490950 28490950].</cite></ref> === Iji ọgwụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi === Mmebi iwu nke ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike na-eme bụ ihe ọzọ na-akpata mmụba nke iguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nnyocha emere na US na-egosi na ihe ngosi maka ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, nhọrọ nke ọgwụ ejiri mee ihe, na oge ọgwụgwọ ezighi ezi ruo 50% nke ikpe ndị a mụrụ. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p" /> N'ime afọ 2010 n'afọ 2011 ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọgwụ nje na-enye n'ebe ndị na- anaghị anabata ọgwụ na United States adịghị mkpa. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=May 2016|title=Prevalence of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescriptions Among US Ambulatory Care Visits, 2010–2011|journal=JAMA|volume=315|issue=17|pages=1864–73|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.4151|pmid=27139059}}</ref> Nnyocha ọzọ emere n'otu ngalaba nlekọta kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na France egosila na pasentị 30 ruo 60 nke ọgwụ nje e nyere ọgwụ adịghị mkpa. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p">{{Cite journal|title=The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats|journal=P & T|volume=40|issue=4|pages=277–83|date=April 2015|pmid=25859123}}</ref> Ojiji ndị a na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke ọgwụ nje na-akwalite mmepe nke iguzogide nje site n'ịkwado nje bacteria na mmepe nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eduga na iguzogide. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Whys and Wherefores of Antibiotic Resistance|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=7|issue=2|date=February 2017|pmid=27793964|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a025171}}</ref> Dịka nnyocha e mere na mba Amerịka si kwuo, nke bu n'obi inyocha echiche na ihe ọmụma ndị dọkịta nwere gbasara iguzogide nje na ebe a na-agagharị agagharị, naanị pasentị iri isii na atọ nke ndị a nyochachara kọrọ na iguzogide nje bụ nsogbu n'ọrụ ha n'ógbè ahụ, ebe pasentị iri abụọ na atọ kọrọ na ọgwụ nje na-enye ọgwụ nje dịka ọ dị mkpa iji zere ịghara inye nlekọta zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Physicians' attitude and knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance in ambulatory settings|journal=American Journal of Infection Control|volume=47|issue=8|pages=864–868|date=August 2019|pmid=30926215|doi=10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.009}}</ref> Nke a na-egosi na ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta na-eleda mmetụta nke àgwà ha na-enye ọgwụ anya na-enwe n'igbochi nje n'ozuzu ya. Ọ na-egosikwa na ụfọdụ ndị dọkịta nwere ike ịkpachara anya nke ukwuu ma nye ọgwụ nje maka ihe gbasara ahụike ma ọ bụ iwu, ọbụlagodi mgbe a naghị akwado ihe ngosi ahụike maka iji ọgwụ ndị a mgbe niile. Nke a nwere ike ibute ojiji ọgwụ nje na-enweghị isi, usoro nke nwere ike ịka njọ n'oge ọrịa COVID-19.<ref name="Joshi">{{Cite journal|title=Don't let Covid boost another killer|journal=Knowable Magazine|date=17 February 2021|doi=10.1146/knowable-021621-1|url=https://knowablemagazine.org/article/health-disease/2021/antibiotic-resistance-covid|accessdate=10 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Bacterial and Fungal Coinfection in Individuals With Coronavirus: A Rapid Review To Support COVID-19 Antimicrobial Prescribing|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=71|issue=9|pages=2459–2468|date=December 2020|pmid=32358954|doi=10.1093/cid/ciaa530}}</ref> Nnyocha egosila na nghọtahie a na-enwekarị gbasara irè na mkpa ọgwụ nje dị iji gwọọ ọrịa ndị dị mfe na-eme ka ojiji ha gabiga ókè. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytargum.com//article/2021/02/rutgers-study-finds-antibiotic-overuse-is-caused-by-misconceptions-financial|title=Rutgers study finds antibiotic overuse is caused by misconceptions, financial incentives|work=The Daily Targum|date=10 February 2021|accessdate=16 February 2021|archivedate=6 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206103329/https://dailytargum.com/article/2021/02/rutgers-study-finds-antibiotic-overuse-is-caused-by-misconceptions-financial}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Accounting for variation in and overuse of antibiotics among humans|journal=BioEssays|volume=43|issue=2|date=February 2021|pmid=33410142|doi=10.1002/bies.202000163}}</ref> Ihe dị mkpa n'okwu gbasara ojiji ọgwụ nje bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ anụmanụ. Iwu chọrọ nlekọta anụmanụ maka ọgwụ nje niile dị mkpa maka ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobials {{!}} American Veterinary Medical Association|url=https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/one-health/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2024-04-24|work=avma.org|archivedate=24 April 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424183923/https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/one-health/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Ndị dọkịta anụmanụ na-eji usoro Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model (PK/PD) iji hụ na e zigara ọgwụ ahụ n'ebe kwesịrị ekwesị n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Use of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine, a Complex Phenomenon: A Narrative Review|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=3|date=March 2023|pmid=36978354|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12030487}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t4ka0m8wo5hh7k9i85w22xt8i5k80uu 692362 692353 2026-07-29T20:45:15Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference errors 692362 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_sensitivity_and_resistance.jpg|alt=Two petri dishes with antibiotic resistance tests|thumb|Nnwale iguzogide ọgwụ nje : A na-agbanye nje bacteria na ihe siri ike na efere Petri na diski akwụkwọ na-edobe n'elu, nke ọ bụla na-agbanye ọgwụ nje dị iche iche. Mgbanaka doro anya, dị ka ndị dị n'aka ekpe, na-egosi na nje bacteria etobeghị gburugburu diski, na-egosi na nje bacteria ndị a adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria ndị dị n'aka nri na-eguzogide nke ọma atọ n'ime asaa ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ abụọ n'ime ọgwụ nje asaa a nwalere ]] '''Mgbochi nje''' ( '''AMR''' ma ọ bụ '''AR''' ) na-eme mgbe nje bacteria na-agbanwe usoro ndị na-echebe ha pụọ na ọgwụ nje, nke bụ ọgwụ e ji agwọ ọrịa n'ime mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization (WHO)|date=November 21, 2023|title=Antimicrobial resistance.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Nje bacteria ọ bụla nwere ike inwe iguzogide, gụnyere nje bacteria ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje virus ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje bacteria (nguzogide '''nje''' ), na fungi ( '''nguzogide nje''' ). N'otu aka ahụ, mgbanwe ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru nche anwụ AMR, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ahụike n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na njikwa na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-akpata iguzogide a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwekwara ike ime n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. <ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref> A na-akpọ nje bacteria ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche ọgwụ dị iche iche (MDR) ma a na-akpọkwa ha superbugs mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref name="Magiorakos">{{Cite journal|date=March 2012|title=Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=18|issue=3|pages=268–281|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x|pmid=21793988}}</ref> Mgbochi ọgwụ nje, obere mpaghara AMR, na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, na-akpaghasị njikwa ọrịa na nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Nguzogide na-ebilite site na ngbanwe na mberede, mbufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, yana mmụba nke nhọrọ site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe, ma na ọgwụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-eme ka mmepe nguzogide dị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="MP">{{Cite journal|title=Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic|journal=Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance|volume=7|pages=132–134|date=December 2016|pmid=27788414|doi=10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.003}}</ref> Usoro mgbochi, dị ka iji ọgwụ nje dị warara na-eme ka usoro ịdị ọcha dịkwuo mma, bu n'obi ibelata mgbasa nke nguzogide.<ref name="Swedish">{{Cite book|title=Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences|publisher=Public Health Agency of Sweden|year=2014|isbn=978-91-7603-011-0|url=http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/17351/Swedish-work-on-containment-of-antibiotic-resistance.pdf|location=Stockholm|pages=16–17, 121–128|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-ekwu na AMR bụ otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe, na-eche na AMR nje na-akpata kpọmkwem maka ọnwụ ụwa 1.27 nde na 2019 ma nyere aka na ọnwụ 4.95 nde. Ibu AMR buru ibu, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ metụtara ọrịa na-eguzogide. Ọrịa sitere na microbes AMR na-esiwanye ike ịgwọ ma na-achọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị oke ọnụ nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa. Ọzọkwa, WHO na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-adọ aka ná ntị na AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ ihe ruru nde 10 kwa afọ ka ọ na-erule 2050 ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe. Atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka oku maka nkwekọrịta AMR mba ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na mbọ achikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie ojiji n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nweta ego nyocha, na inye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị mkpa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọrịa COVID-19 butere akụrụngwa yana nlebara anya sayensị pụọ na AMR, na-eme ka ihe ịma aka ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="pmid33772597">{{Cite journal|title=Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=115|issue=10|pages=1122–1129|date=March 2021|pmid=33772597|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trab048}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria|thumb|300x300px|Eserese na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụba, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị, nje bacteria na-anwụ. Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụbakwa, ma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nje bacteria na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|work=niaid.nih.gov|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archivedate=27 July 2015}}</ref>]] Iguzogide antimicrobial pụtara na microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ antimicrobian nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa site na microorganisme ahụ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbochi bụ ihe onwunwe nke nje, ọ bụghị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-ebute nje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|accessdate=12 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archivedate=29 April 2015|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> Ụdị nje niile nwere ike ịzụlite iguzogide ọgwụ. Ya mere, e nwere ọgwụ nje, antifungal, antiviral na antiparasitic resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref><ref name="Saha_2021">{{Cite journal|title=Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Xenobiotics|volume=11|issue=4|pages=197–214|date=December 2021|pmid=34940513|doi=10.3390/jox11040013}}</ref> Mgbochi nje bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide a nke a na-ahụkarị na nje bacteria ma si otú a kewaa ya n'ime ihe abụọ ọzọ, microbiological na clinical. Nguzogide nje bacteria bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma na-esi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke gbanwere ma ọ bụ nke e ketara eketa, nke na-enye nje bacteria ohere iguzogide usoro igbu nje bacteria ndị metụtara ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide ahụike na-egosi ọdịda nke ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ebe nje bacteria ndị na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ọgwụgwọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbe ha lanarịrị nsonaazụ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ nke nguzogide enwetara, nje bacteria nwere ike ịgafe ihe mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nguzogide site na nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ: njikọ, transduction, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-enye ohere ka nguzogide gbasaa n'otu ụdị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ọbụna nje bacteria yiri ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance|journal=Medicine|volume=45|issue=10|pages=622–628|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == Akụkọ WHO wepụtara n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 kwuru, sị, "ihe iyi egwu a dị oke njọ abụghịzi amụma maka ọdịnihu, ọ na-eme ugbu a n'akụkụ ụwa niile ma nwee ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, n'afọ ọ bụla, na mba ọ bụla. Mgbochi ọgwụ nje—mgbe nje bacteria gbanwere ka ọgwụ nje ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndị chọrọ ka ha gwọọ ọrịa—bụzi ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike ọha na eze ugbu a. " Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise nwụrụ anwụ na AMR n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> Na 2019, ọnwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na AMR ruru nde 1.27 na 2019. N'otu afọ ahụ, AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nde mmadụ ise, otu n'ime mmadụ ise nwụrụ n'ihi AMR bụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2018, WHO lere iguzogide ọgwụ nje anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu kachasị ukwuu nye ahụike ụwa, nchekwa nri na mmepe. <ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance|title=Antibiotic resistance|work=who.int|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=21 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521035847/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance}}</ref> Ọnwụ ndị sitere na AMR dịgasị iche iche site na mpaghara: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ebe !Ọnwụ maka 100,000 nke AMR <ref name="Murray_2022" /> |- |Ebe Ugwu Africa na Middle East |11.2 |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anwụ Eshia, na Oceania |11.7 |- |Latin America na Caribbean |14.4 |- |Ebe etiti na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Ebe etiti Eshia |17.6 |- |Ndịda Eshia |21.5 |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |23.7 |} Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi na Njikwa Ọrịa nke Europe mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2015, e nwere ọrịa 671,689 na EU na Mpaghara Akụ na ụba Europe nke nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ 33,110. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara n'ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=56–66|date=January 2019|pmid=30409683|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for over 33,000 deaths in Europe in 2015, study finds|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155238/https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds}}</ref> Na 2019, e nwere ọnwụ 133,000 nke AMR kpatara. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis|journal=The Lancet. Public Health|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e897–e913|date=November 2022|pmid=36244350|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00225-0}}</ref> == Echiche Ahụike Otu == A maara iguzogide nje bacteria (AMR) nke ọma dị ka otu okwu ahụike, na-egosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Mmepe nke iguzogide nje bacteria a jikọtara ọnụ ma na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere ọgwụ mmadụ, ọgwụ anụmanụ na ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa. <ref name="Salam 1946">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=Md. Abdus|date=2023-07-05|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/13/1946|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37444780}}</ref> Ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na AMR nwere na ahụike mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyekwa aka na ịnọgide na-enwe na mgbasa nke AMR, ebe ihe fọdụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị na-eguzogide nje nwere ike ịbanye n'ala na sistemụ mmiri site na mmiri ọrụ ugbo, mwepụ mmiri mkpofu, na iwepụ ọgwụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-05-20|title=STAT!Ref|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=52|issue=10|pages=52–5379-52-5379|doi=10.5860/choice.189510|issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ịgwọ mgbochi nje bacteria site na otu usoro ahụike dị mkpa maka ibelata mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ya, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == AMR na-akpatakarị site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe gabiga ókè . <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Ha na-amụpụta ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ha nwekwara ike imeghari gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma gbanwee otú ha ga-esi dị ndụ nke ọma. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|date=2025|title=Antimicrobial resistance: Causes.|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes}}</ref> Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mmadụ gburugburu ụwa enweghị ike ịnweta ọgwụ nje dị mkpa. <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Nke a na-eduga na nje bacteria ma na-agbanwe ihe nchebe megide ọgwụ eji agwọ ha, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ụdị nje bacteria ndị nwere ihe mgbochi ebumpụta ụwa megide ọgwụ nje na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ndị a na-emeri ngwa ngwa site na ọgwụ. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwekwara ike ime, nke ga-ekwe ka nje bacteria ahụ dị ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mgbochi nje na-eme n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ka oge na-aga, ojiji nke ihe mgbochi nje n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma n'èzí emeela ka iguzogide nje na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-enwe ike iguzogide ọgwụ nje ka oge na-aga site na mgbanwe eke, ịkọ ọgwụ nje gabigara ókè na ọgwụ nje na-ekwesịghị ekwesị emeela ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. N'oge mgbanwe, mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, mgbanwe ndị a na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ikpughe. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] O kwere omume na ihe dị ka 1 n'ime ọgwụ atọ e dere maka ọgwụ nje adịghị mkpa. <ref name="CDC_2016">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|title=CDC Newsroom|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html|accessdate=2023-02-28|work=CDC|archivedate=9 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309053532/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html}}</ref> Kwa afọ, a na-ede ihe dị ka nde 154 ọgwụ nje. N'ime ndị a, ihe ruru nde 46 adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa nwere. <ref name="CDC_2016" /> Microbes nwere ike ịmalite iguzogide site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme n'oge nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ndị a na-enweghị usoro dị ụkọ, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-amụpụta ugboro ugboro na ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ohere nke ndị bi na ya nweta mgbanwe nke na-eme ka iguzogide dịkwuo elu. <ref name="Michael_2014">{{Cite journal|title=The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=2|date=2014|pmid=25279369|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00145}}</ref> N'adịghị ka nke ahụ, nnyocha na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọdịnala nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ngwa ngwa, mycobacteria na-anọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike dị elu n'okpuru nrụgide ọgwụ nje, na-adabere na nnabata phenotypic na usoro ndozi DNA maka ndụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Genetic stability of Mycobacterium smegmatis under the stress of first-line antitubercular agents|journal=eLife|date=Nov 20, 2024|volume=13|issue=RP96695|doi=10.7554/eLife.96695.3|pmid=39565350|url=https://elifesciences.org/articles/96695}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Assessing the Impact of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Linezolid on Mycobacterial Genome Integrity|journal=Biomolecules|date=15 November 2024|volume=14|issue=1451|doi=10.3390/biom14111451|pmid=39595627|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1451}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-akwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ nje mgbe ha malitere inwe mmetụta dị mma. Mgbe nke a mere, o kwere omume na nje ndị na-adịghị mfe ọgwụgwọ ka na-anọgide n'ime ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na nje ndị a enwee ike ịnọgide na-amụ nwa, nke a nwere ike ibute ọrịa site na nje bacteria ndị na-adịghị mfe ịnweta ma ọ bụ ọbụna iguzogide ọgwụ nje. <ref name="Michael_2014" /> Ụmụ nje nwekwara ike ịnweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site n'aka ibe ha, nke na-eme ka ha ghara iguzogide ọgwụ. Bakteria ndị nwere DNA na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ebufekarị otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị a na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. Ha nwere ike ịmụba ma too nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|title=Archived copy|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.|date=2022|title=What causes antimicrobial resistance?|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> Usoro a, nke a maara dị ka nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'etiti ụdị nje bacteria dị iche iche site na usoro dị ka njikọ, mgbanwe, na transduction. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Michaelis|first=Claudia|date=2023-02-04|title=Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12020328|issn=2079-6382|pmid=36830238}}</ref> Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje site n'ịgbanwe onwe ha ma ọ bụ inweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iguzogide nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, iguzogide nje (AMR) etoola, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa urinary tract, STDs, na ụkwara nta sie ike ịgwọ. A naghị emepụta ọgwụ nje ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị emee ihe ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịbanye "oge mgbe ọgwụ nje gasịrị" ebe a na-apụghị ịgwọ ụfọdụ ọrịa. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}</ref> AMR na-eme ka ọrịa sikwuo ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji gwọọ. Ojiji ọgwụ nje kwesịrị ekwesị—ọgwụ ziri ezi, dose, na oge ọ ga-ewe—na ịdị ọcha siri ike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa. Ịlụso AMR ọgụ chọrọ mmekorita n'etiti gọọmentị, ndị ọrụ ahụike, ndị nchọpụta, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, na ọha na eze site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota iguzogide, igbochi ọgwụ nje n'ime anụmanụ, na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ, ọgwụ mgbochi, na ule. <ref name="Salam" /> Mgbochi bụ usoro kachasị dị irè. Tinyere iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa maka ọgwụ ọhụrụ, ọgwụgwọ ọzọ, nchọpụta ka mma, na ọgwụ mgbochi. Ọ bụrụ na a naghị eme ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma, usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa dịka ịwa ahụ, mgbanwe akụkụ ahụ, nlekọta ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, na ọgwụgwọ kansa nwere ike ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="Salam" />cbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> === Ihe ndị sitere n'okike === [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_Resistance_Spread.jpg|thumb|Ihe omuma CDC banyere otu ihe mgbochi nje si eme ma gbasaa]] AMR bụ usoro ebumpụta ụwa. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance" /> Mgbochi nje nwere ike ịmalite n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa n'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ọgwụ nje. Nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ike imeghari na gburugburu ha, dị ndụ, ma nọgide na-amụ ụmụ. <ref name="NS">{{Cite web|url=https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25|title=Natural selection|work=evolution.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2020-03-10|archivedate=30 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030201404/https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ụdị nje ndị na-adị ndụ ka oge na-aga site n'aka ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje ga-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-enweghị mgbochi a ga-aghọkwa ndị na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ. <ref name="Holmes_2016" /> Ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi nje nke oge a agbanweela n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa tupu e jiri ọgwụ nje ndị mmadụ na-eji eme ihe n'ụlọọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ mgbochi methicillin gbanwere dị ka ọgwụ nje nke hedgehogs, ikekwe dị ka mgbanwe nke nje ahụ na hedgehogs nke dermatophyte nke na-emepụta ọgwụ nje na-ebute. <ref name="MR">{{Cite journal|title=Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics|journal=Nature|volume=602|issue=7895|pages=135–141|date=February 2022|pmid=34987223|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04265-w}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ero na nje bacteria dị n'ala bụ ndị na-asọmpi n'okike, penisilini ọgwụ nje mbụ nke Alexander Fleming chọpụtara furu efu ngwa ngwa n'ịgwọ ụmụ mmadụ, nakwa na ọ dịghị penisilini ndị ọzọ e kere eke (F, K, N, X, O, U1 ma ọ bụ U6) a na-eji ugbu a n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Enwere ike inweta nguzogide nje site na nje ndị ọzọ site na ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'usoro a na-akpọ nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ. Nke a pụtara na ozugbo mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje pụtara n'ime obodo nje, ọ nwere ike gbasaa gaa na nje ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ahụ, nke nwere ike isi na nje ndị na-abụghị ọrịa pụta gaa na nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa. Usoro a na-akwalite nke ukwuu site na usoro nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa nke na-eme n'oge ojiji ọgwụ nje ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome|journal=Gut Microbes|volume=14|issue=1|date=2022-12-31|pmid=35332832|doi=10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na ọrịa ndị dị na ya ga-abụ ụdị nke na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje a na-eji agwọ ha, nke na-eme ka ihe a ghara ịdị irè ugbu a imeri ọtụtụ nje bacteria. Site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, a na-eme ka usoro okike a dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Ferri_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems|journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition|volume=57|issue=13|pages=2857–2876|date=September 2017|pmid=26464037|doi=10.1080/10408398.2015.1077192}}</ref> === Ọgwụ onwe onye === N'ọtụtụ mba, naanị dọkịta nwere ike ịnye ọgwụ nje, ụlọ ọgwụ na-enyekwa ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Database for Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Country Self- Assessment Survey (TrACSS)|url=http://amrcountryprogress.org/|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=amrcountryprogress.org|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328115257/http://amrcountryprogress.org/}}</ref> A na-akọwa ọgwụ ndị ahịa na-aṅụ n'onwe ha dị ka "ịṅụ ọgwụ n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ n'uche onye ọzọ, onye na-abụghị ọkachamara ahụike nwere asambodo", a chọpụtakwala ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi kpatara mmepe nke iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}</ref> Ịgwọ onwe onye site na iji ọgwụ nje bụ ụzọ na-adịghị mma iji ha mana ọ bụ ihe a na-emekarị na mba ndị nwere oke akụrụngwa. Omume a na-ekpughe ndị mmadụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke nje bacteria ndị mepụtara iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-eji nke a eme ihe n'ihi mkpa, mgbe enweghị ohere ịgakwuru dọkịta, ma ọ bụ mgbe ndị ọrịa nwere obere oge ma ọ bụ ego iji hụ dọkịta. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies|journal=Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control|volume=6|issue=1|date=2017-05-15|pmid=28515903|doi=10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x}}</ref> Mmụba a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe inweta ọgwụ nje. Ihe atụ bụ India, ebe na steeti Punjab, 73% nke ndị mmadụ malitere ịgwọ obere nsogbu ahụike ha na ọrịa ndị na-adịghị ala ala site na ọgwụ onwe onye. <ref name="Rather_2017" /> Ọgwụ onwe onye dị elu karịa n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ, nke a na-ejikọkwa ya na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, ebe a na-eji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'obodo kama iji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti (LMICs) sitere na 8.1% ruo 93%. Nnweta, ọnụ ahịa, na ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ, yana omume ịchọ ahụike, bụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti. <ref name="nft1" /> Nsogbu abụọ dị mkpa na ọgwụ onwe onye bụ enweghị ihe ọmụma banyere ọha na eze na, nke mbụ, mmetụta dị ize ndụ nke ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje (dịka ọmụmaatụ ciprofloxacin nke nwere ike ibute tendonitis, mgbawa akwara na [[Aortic dissection|mwepụ aorta]] ) <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Do fluoroquinolones increase aortic aneurysm or dissection incidence and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine|volume=9|date=2022-08-09|pmid=36017083|doi=10.3389/fcvm.2022.949538}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Fluoroquinolone-associated suspected tendonitis and tendon rupture: A pharmacovigilance analysis from 2016 to 2021 based on the FAERS database|journal=Frontiers in Pharmacology|volume=13|date=2022-09-06|pmid=36147351|doi=10.3389/fphar.2022.990241}}</ref> na, nke abụọ, iguzogide nje bacteria sara mbara na mgbe a ga-achọ nlekọta ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ahụ anaghị ehichapụ. Iji chọpụta ihe ọmụma ọha na eze na echiche ha nwere banyere iguzogide ọgwụ nje, e mere nyocha nke isiokwu 3,537 e bipụtara na Europe, Asia, na North America. N'ime mmadụ 55,225 a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ n'isiokwu ndị a, pasentị iri asaa (70%) anụla maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje na mbụ, mana pasentị iri asatọ na asatọ (88%) n'ime ndị ahụ chere na ọ na-ezo aka n'ụdị mgbanwe anụ ahụ n'ahụ mmadụ. <ref name="Rather_2017" /> === Iji ọgwụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi === Mmebi iwu nke ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike na-eme bụ ihe ọzọ na-akpata mmụba nke iguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nnyocha emere na US na-egosi na ihe ngosi maka ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, nhọrọ nke ọgwụ ejiri mee ihe, na oge ọgwụgwọ ezighi ezi ruo 50% nke ikpe ndị a mụrụ. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p" /> N'ime afọ 2010 n'afọ 2011 ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọgwụ nje na-enye n'ebe ndị na- anaghị anabata ọgwụ na United States adịghị mkpa. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=May 2016|title=Prevalence of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescriptions Among US Ambulatory Care Visits, 2010–2011|journal=JAMA|volume=315|issue=17|pages=1864–73|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.4151|pmid=27139059}}</ref> Nnyocha ọzọ emere n'otu ngalaba nlekọta kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na France egosila na pasentị 30 ruo 60 nke ọgwụ nje e nyere ọgwụ adịghị mkpa. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p">{{Cite journal|title=The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats|journal=P & T|volume=40|issue=4|pages=277–83|date=April 2015|pmid=25859123}}</ref> Ojiji ndị a na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke ọgwụ nje na-akwalite mmepe nke iguzogide nje site n'ịkwado nje bacteria na mmepe nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eduga na iguzogide. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Whys and Wherefores of Antibiotic Resistance|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=7|issue=2|date=February 2017|pmid=27793964|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a025171}}</ref> Dịka nnyocha e mere na mba Amerịka si kwuo, nke bu n'obi inyocha echiche na ihe ọmụma ndị dọkịta nwere gbasara iguzogide nje na ebe a na-agagharị agagharị, naanị pasentị iri isii na atọ nke ndị a nyochachara kọrọ na iguzogide nje bụ nsogbu n'ọrụ ha n'ógbè ahụ, ebe pasentị iri abụọ na atọ kọrọ na ọgwụ nje na-enye ọgwụ nje dịka ọ dị mkpa iji zere ịghara inye nlekọta zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Physicians' attitude and knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance in ambulatory settings|journal=American Journal of Infection Control|volume=47|issue=8|pages=864–868|date=August 2019|pmid=30926215|doi=10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.009}}</ref> Nke a na-egosi na ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta na-eleda mmetụta nke àgwà ha na-enye ọgwụ anya na-enwe n'igbochi nje n'ozuzu ya. Ọ na-egosikwa na ụfọdụ ndị dọkịta nwere ike ịkpachara anya nke ukwuu ma nye ọgwụ nje maka ihe gbasara ahụike ma ọ bụ iwu, ọbụlagodi mgbe a naghị akwado ihe ngosi ahụike maka iji ọgwụ ndị a mgbe niile. Nke a nwere ike ibute ojiji ọgwụ nje na-enweghị isi, usoro nke nwere ike ịka njọ n'oge ọrịa COVID-19.<ref name="Joshi">{{Cite journal|title=Don't let Covid boost another killer|journal=Knowable Magazine|date=17 February 2021|doi=10.1146/knowable-021621-1|url=https://knowablemagazine.org/article/health-disease/2021/antibiotic-resistance-covid|accessdate=10 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Bacterial and Fungal Coinfection in Individuals With Coronavirus: A Rapid Review To Support COVID-19 Antimicrobial Prescribing|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=71|issue=9|pages=2459–2468|date=December 2020|pmid=32358954|doi=10.1093/cid/ciaa530}}</ref> Nnyocha egosila na nghọtahie a na-enwekarị gbasara irè na mkpa ọgwụ nje dị iji gwọọ ọrịa ndị dị mfe na-eme ka ojiji ha gabiga ókè. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytargum.com//article/2021/02/rutgers-study-finds-antibiotic-overuse-is-caused-by-misconceptions-financial|title=Rutgers study finds antibiotic overuse is caused by misconceptions, financial incentives|work=The Daily Targum|date=10 February 2021|accessdate=16 February 2021|archivedate=6 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206103329/https://dailytargum.com/article/2021/02/rutgers-study-finds-antibiotic-overuse-is-caused-by-misconceptions-financial}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Accounting for variation in and overuse of antibiotics among humans|journal=BioEssays|volume=43|issue=2|date=February 2021|pmid=33410142|doi=10.1002/bies.202000163}}</ref> Ihe dị mkpa n'okwu gbasara ojiji ọgwụ nje bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ anụmanụ. Iwu chọrọ nlekọta anụmanụ maka ọgwụ nje niile dị mkpa maka ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobials {{!}} American Veterinary Medical Association|url=https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/one-health/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2024-04-24|work=avma.org|archivedate=24 April 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424183923/https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/one-health/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Ndị dọkịta anụmanụ na-eji usoro Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model (PK/PD) iji hụ na e zigara ọgwụ ahụ n'ebe kwesịrị ekwesị n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Use of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine, a Complex Phenomenon: A Narrative Review|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=3|date=March 2023|pmid=36978354|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12030487}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8seeraonv8ya7gtsisocjfa6nm9m5e2 0 75360 692348 632439 2026-07-29T20:12:51Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692348 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Cristobal_Rojas_37a.JPG|thumb|La Miseria nke Cristóbal Rojas dere (1886). Rojas nwere ọrịa ụkwara nta mgbe o sere nke a. N'ebe a, ọ na-egosi ''ọrịa ahụ ka o si metụta m''mekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya,, na mmekọrịta ya na ọnọdụ ndụ na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu.]] '''Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụkwara nta''' na-agụnye mmalite, mgbanwe, na mgbasa nke ụkwara nta (TB) n'akụkọ ihe mere eme niile nke mmadụ, yana mmepe nke nghọta ahụike, ọgwụgwọ, na usoro nchịkwa maka ọrịa oge ochie a. Ọrịa ụkwara nta bụ ọrịa na-efe efe nke nje bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) na-akpata. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, e jirila aha dị iche iche mara ụkwara nta, gụnyere ''consumptio'', phthisis, na White Plague.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|author=Orgeur|first=Mickael|date=1 March 2024|title=Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis|journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|doi=10.1093/femsre/fuae006|issn=1574-6976|pmid=38365982}}</ref> Ihe akaebe paleopathological chọpụtara ụkwara nta n'ime ụmụ mmadụ kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala n'oge Neolithic (ihe dị ka puku afọ iri ruo puku afọ iri na otu gara aga), ebe ọmụmụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-atụ aro mmalite ya na mbụ tupu mgbe ahụ nakwa ka o si gbanwee n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ. <ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|author=Buzic|first=Ileana|date=30 April 2020|title=The paleopathological evidence on the origins of human tuberculosis: a review|url=https://www.jpmh.org/index.php/jpmh/article/view/1379|journal=Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene|language=en|volume=61|issue=1 Suppl 1|pages=E3–E8|doi=10.15167/2421-4248/JPMH2020.61.1S1.1379|pmid=32529097}}</ref> Nnyocha phylogenetic e mere na-egosi na ụkwara nta malitere n'Africa ma na-agbanwe n'aka n'aka ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-abawanye ruo ọtụtụ iri puku afọ.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|author=Orgeur|first=Mickael|date=1 March 2024|title=Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis|journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|doi=10.1093/femsre/fuae006|issn=1574-6976|pmid=38365982}}</ref> Ọrịa ahụ gbasara n'ụwa niile site na ngagharị nke mmadụ si n'otu ebe gaa ebe ọzọ, na-eme mgbanwe na ndabere n'ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị iche iche ma mesịa ghọọ ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị iche iche nwere nkesa dịgasị iche iche.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|author=Dutour|first=Olivier|date=2023|title=The paleopathology and paleoepidemiology of Upper paleolithic tuberculosis: Review of evidence and hypotheses|journal=Tuberculosis|language=en|volume=143|doi=10.1016/j.tube.2023.102348|pmid=38012915}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ụkwara nta emetụtala ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ, ọ ghọrọ ihe a ma ama nke ọma n'oge mmepe obodo mgbe ndị mmadụ jupụtara n'obodo ukwu, nke nyere aka na nkesa ya. Nghọta ahụike banyere ụkwara nta gbanwere na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu site na nchọpụta Robert Koch nke afọ 1882 nke ịchọpụta Mycobacterium tuberculosis dịka nje bacteria na-akpata ya, <ref name=":7" /> nke mmepe nke ọgwụ mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje sochiri n'etiti narị afọ nke iri abụọ. == Mmalite ya == Nghọta nke oge a banyere mmalite na usoro mgbanwe nke Mycobacterium tuberculosis agbanweela site na nnyocha genomic na phylogenetic emere na nso nso a. Ihe akaebe dị ugbu a na-egosi na ụkwara nta bụ ọrịa mmadụ oge ochie nke so ndị mmadụ gbasaa ruo ọtụtụ iri puku afọ, kama ịbụ nke enwetara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya site n'aka ụmụ anụmanụ a zụrụ n'oge Neolithic dị ka e kwenyere na mbụ.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|author=Orgeur|first=Mickael|date=1 March 2024|title=Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis|journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|doi=10.1093/femsre/fuae006|issn=1574-6976|pmid=38365982}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|author=Buzic|first=Ileana|date=30 April 2020|title=The paleopathological evidence on the origins of human tuberculosis: a review|url=https://www.jpmh.org/index.php/jpmh/article/view/1379|journal=Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene|language=en|volume=61|issue=1 Suppl 1|pages=E3–E8|doi=10.15167/2421-4248/JPMH2020.61.1S1.1379|pmid=32529097}}</ref> Enwekwara ihe akaebe nke mmerụ ahụ nke yiri nke ụkwara nta na-akpata na fossil ''Homo erectus'' dị puku narị afọ ise ọ bụ ezie na nchọpụta a bụ nke a na-arụ arụmụka.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Roberts|first=Charlotte A.|date=1 July 2009|title=Letter to the editor: Was tuberculosis present in Homo erectus in Turkey?|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|language=en|volume=139|issue=3|pages=442–444|doi=10.1002/ajpa.21056|issn=1096-8644|pmid=19358292|url=https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1524313}}</ref> === Ihe akaebe nke phylogenetic === Nnyocha phylogenetic zuru oke nke Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) na-egosi mmalite n'Africa maka nje a.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|author=Orgeur|first=Mickael|date=1 March 2024|title=Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis|journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|doi=10.1093/femsre/fuae006|issn=1574-6976|pmid=38365982}}</ref> Nchịkọta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa zuru oke nke ụdị ụkwara nta nke oge a na-ekpughe na nje bacteria a pụtara n'Africa ma soro ọpụpụ mmadụ pụọ n'Africa. Nnyocha na-enyocha ọrịa ụkwara nta dị narị abụọ na iri ise na itoolu zuru ụwa ọnụ na-egosi na ụkwara nta malitere ihe dị ka afọ puku asaa gara aga, na-agbasa n'ime nnukwu okpukpu abụọ: nke mbụ ihe dị ka ebe puku afọ iri isii na asaa gara aga n'oge ndị mmadụ na-akwaga South Asia, na nke ọzọ ihe dị ka puku afọ iri anọ na isii gara aga n"oge ndị mmadụ na-akwaga Near East, Europe, na Eshia.<ref name=":7" /> N'ime ụkwara nta, ndị na-eme nchọpụta achọpụtala ọtụtụ agbụrụ (nke dị ugbu a agbụrụ itoolu nke sitere na mmadụ) metụtara mpaghara dị iche iche.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|author=Orgeur|first=Mickael|date=1 March 2024|title=Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis|journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|doi=10.1093/femsre/fuae006|issn=1574-6976|pmid=38365982}}</ref> Ndị a gụnyere Lineage 1 (East Africa, Philippines), Lineages 2-4 (Eurasia), Lineages 5-6 (West Africa), Lineage 7 (Ethiopia), Lineage 8 (East Afrika), na Lineage 9 (East Afrịka). <ref name=":7" /> Ezinụlọ ndị na-anabata anụmanụ, gụnyere ''M. bovis'' nke na-emetụta ehi, sitere na ụdị mmadụ kama na nke ọzọ, na-emegide echiche ndị gara aga banyere mmalite TB.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|author=Dutour|first=Olivier|date=2023|title=The paleopathology and paleoepidemiology of Upper paleolithic tuberculosis: Review of evidence and hypotheses|journal=Tuberculosis|language=en|volume=143|doi=10.1016/j.tube.2023.102348|pmid=38012915}}</ref> Nchọpụta nke ụdị ''M. ụkwara nta'' Lineage 8 na East Africa, nke na-ejigide ihe ndị metụtara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa a hụrụ na mycobacteria ndị nna nna ma ọ dịghị na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ nke ụkwara nta, na-enye ihe akaebe maka mmalite Africa oge ochie nke ụkwara nta.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|author=Orgeur|first=Mickael|date=1 March 2024|title=Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis|journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|doi=10.1093/femsre/fuae006|issn=1574-6976|pmid=38365982}}</ref> === Ihe akaebe paleopathological === Ihe akaebe kachasị ochie nke ọrịa ụkwara nta mmadụ sitere n'oge Pre-Pottery Neolithic (puku afọ iri ruo puku afọ iri na otu afọ gara aga) na Near East.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|author=Buzic|first=Ileana|date=30 April 2020|title=The paleopathological evidence on the origins of human tuberculosis: a review|url=https://www.jpmh.org/index.php/jpmh/article/view/1379|journal=Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene|language=en|volume=61|issue=1 Suppl 1|pages=E3–E8|doi=10.15167/2421-4248/JPMH2020.61.1S1.1379|pmid=32529097}}</ref> Ndị bụ isi rịara ọrịa a na mbụ gụnyere ihe fọdụrụ na Dja'de el Mughara na Tell Aswad na Siria (8800-7600 BCE), Ain Ghazal na Jọdan (7250 BCE), na Atlit Yam na Israel (6200-5500 BCE), ebe nnyocha nke mkpụrụ ndụ kwadoro ọnụnọ nke TB DNA. Na Europe, ndị mbụ e gosipụtara na ha sitere na ebe ọdịbendị Linear Pottery nke Early Neolithic na Germany (5400-4800 BCE). <ref name=":8" /> Nchọpụta na-ese okwu nke e mere na 2014 dabeere na DNA sitere na ọkpụkpụ ndị dị otu puku afọ na Peru tụrụ aro na ụkwara nta nwere ike ịbụ nke ụmụ mmadụ butere site na akara, ikekwe malite naanị af puku isii gara aga. Agbanyeghị, nnyocha ndị sochirinụ agbaghaala nkọwa a. Ihe nnwale ndị Peru gosipụtara ihe akaebe nke ụdị ụkwara nta metụtara ''M. pinnipedii'' (ụkwara nta seal), mana nke a na-anọchite anya nnyefe zoonotic dị kpọmkwem na South America tupu ọchịchị ndị mmadụ kama ịbụ nke mmalite nke ọrịa ụkwara nta mmadụ <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|author=Orgeur|first=Mickael|date=1 March 2024|title=Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis|journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|doi=10.1093/femsre/fuae006|issn=1574-6976|pmid=38365982}}</ref> Ụdị ndị a sitere na akara gafeere na ndị bi n'ụsọ oké osimiri ma gbasaa baa n'ime ime obodo mana emesịrị jiri ụdị ''M. ụkwara nta'' nke ndị Europe na-achị ala wetara wee dochie ha.<ref name=":7" /> Nchọpụta a na-anọchite anya ihe atụ nke nnyefe site n'anụmanụ gaa na mmadụ, mana ọ naghị emegide ihe akaebe maka ụkwara nta mmadụ n'oge gara aga n'Africa na Eurasia. Ihe akaebe paleopathological dị ole na ole sitere na Upper Paleolithic (afọ puku ii anọ ruo afọ puku iri gara aga) n'agbanyeghị mkpa ọ dị na evolushọn TB na-anọchite anya ihe mgbagwoju anya.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|author=Dutour|first=Olivier|date=2023|title=The paleopathology and paleoepidemiology of Upper paleolithic tuberculosis: Review of evidence and hypotheses|journal=Tuberculosis|language=en|volume=143|doi=10.1016/j.tube.2023.102348|pmid=38012915}}</ref> Enwere ike ịkọwa nke a site na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na-achịkọta Paleolithic, nke ga-enwe nkesaTB n'Udị ahịkwara achịkwa na ihe ịrịba ama na-erijughị afọ, ma ọ bụ site na njedebe n'ịchọpụta ụkwara nta oge ochie.<ref name=":9" /> === Mgbanwe Ya Na Mbido === Nnyocha genomic na-egosi na mmalite na mgbasa nke ụkwara nta ejikọtaghị ya na anụ ụlọ n'oge Neolithic, kama ọ bụ na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|author=Orgeur|first=Mickael|date=1 March 2024|title=Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis|journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|doi=10.1093/femsre/fuae006|issn=1574-6976|pmid=38365982}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|author=Buzic|first=Ileana|date=30 April 2020|title=The paleopathological evidence on the origins of human tuberculosis: a review|url=https://www.jpmh.org/index.php/jpmh/article/view/1379|journal=Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene|language=en|volume=61|issue=1 Suppl 1|pages=E3–E8|doi=10.15167/2421-4248/JPMH2020.61.1S1.1379|pmid=32529097}}</ref> Mgbanwe nke ndị mmadụ nke Neolithic (nke nwere mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ịnọ otu ebe) nyere aka na-ebufe ụkwara nta ma kwe ka ọ gbasakwuo, mana ogologo oge tupu nke a, nje a na-akpata ọrịa amarala ụmụ mmadụ ahụ.<ref name=":7" /> A na-egosi njikọ aka n'etiti mmalite ụkwara nta na uto nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ mmadụ site na mgbanwe nke agbụrụ ụkwara nta dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị iche iche, na-egosipụta usoro ala nke mbata na obibi mmadụ.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|author=Orgeur|first=Mickael|date=1 March 2024|title=Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis|journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|doi=10.1093/femsre/fuae006|issn=1574-6976|pmid=38365982}}</ref> Nnyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-egosikwa ihe akaebe nke nrụgide nhọrọ nke ụkwara nta na-eme na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, dị ka mgbanwe ugboro ole ụdị ụkwara nta dị ka TYK2 P1104A na ndị Europe n'ime afọ 2,000 gara aga.<ref name=":7" /> Ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ihe ọ bụla banyere ugboro ole o mere tupu narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, a na-eche na ọdịdị ọrịa a rịrị elu n'etiti ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na asatọ na ngwụcha nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. Ka oge na-aga, ọdịbendị dị iche iche nke ụwa nyere ọrịa ahụ aha dị iche iche: ''phthisis'' (Grik), ''consumptio'' (Latin), ''yaksma'' (India), na ''chaky oncay'' (Incan), nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-ezo aka na mmetụta "ịmịkpọ ihe" ma ọ bụ "nripịa" nke ọrịa ahụ, cachexia. Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọnwụ nke ụkwara nta kpatara n'etiti ndị na-eto eto na ndị okenye nọ n'etiti afọ iri anọ gbagowe, na ịrị elu nke Romanticism, nke kwusiri ike maka mmetụta ya karịa ihe kpatara ya, mere ka ọtụtụ ndị kpọwa ọrịa ahụ "ọrịa roman".<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  N'afọ 2008, a chọtara ihe akaebe maka ọrịa ụkwara nta n'ime ozu mmadụ sitere n'oge Neolithic nke malitere na afọ puku itoolu gara aga, na Atlit Yam, ebe obibi dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Mediterenian.<ref name="Hershkovitz e3426">{{Cite journal|author=Hershkovitz|first=Israel|date=2008|title=Detection and molecular characterization of 9,000-year-old Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a Neolithic settlement in the Eastern Mediterranean|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0003426|pmid=18923677|id={{CORE output|1683642}} {{Gale|A472574981}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> A kwadoro nchọpụta a site na usoro ọdịdị na nke mkpụrụ ndụ; ruo ugbu a ọ bụ ihe akaebe kachasị ochie maka ọrịa ụkwara nta n'ime ụmụ mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mousavi-Sagharchi|first=Seyyed Mohammad Amin|date=1 March 2025|title=Historical examination of tuberculosis; from ancient affliction to modern challenges|journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health|volume=18|issue=3|doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102649|issn=1876-0341|pmid=39826381}}</ref> A chọpụtakwara ihe akaebe nke ọrịa ahụ n'ime ụmụ mmadụ n'ebe ili ozu dị nso na Heidelberg, n'ime ọkpụkpụ Neolithic nke na-egosi ihe akaebe banyere ụdị angulation a na-ahụkarị na ụkwara nta nke ọkpụkpụ azụ. A chọpụtakwala ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa ahụ n'ime ozu ndị Ijipt nke e dere n'etiti afọ 3000 na 2400 BC. A chọtara ihe akaebe kachasị doo anya na ozu onye ụkọchukwu Nesperehen, nke Grebart chọpụtara na 1881, nke gosipụtara ihe akaebe nke ụkwara nta ọkpụkpụ azụ na enwe njirimara psoas abscesses. A chọtara ihe ndị yiri nke ahụ na ozu ndị ọzọ dị ka nke onye ụkọchukwu Philoc na n'ebe ili ozu niile dị na Thebes. O yikarịrị ka Akhenaten na nwunye ya Nefertiti nwụrụ site na ọrịa ụkwara nta, ihe akaebe na-egosi na ụlọ ọgwụ maka ụkwara nta dị n'Ijipt ihe dịrị ka afọ 1500 BC. Ebers papyrus, akwụkwọ ọgwụ dị mkpa nke ndị Ijipt site na 1550 BC, na-akọwa oriri nke akpa ume metụtara cervical lymph nodes. Agba Ochie nke akwụkwọ nsọ kwuru banyere ọrịa ogbugbu na-efe efe nke ga-emetụta ndị Juu ma ọ bụrụ na ha ahapụ Chineke. === India oge ochie === A na-ahụ ihe mbụ a rụtụr ụ aka gbasara ụkwara nta na mmepeanya na-abụghị nke Europe na Vedas. Nke kacha ochie n'ime ha (Rigveda, 1500 BC) na-akpọ ọrịa a ''yaksma''. Ndị Atharvaveda kpọrọ ya ''Balasa''. Ọ bụ na Atharvaveda ka e nyere nkọwa mbụ nke scrofula. ''Sushruta Samhita'', nke a chịkọtara n'oge ca. 200 BCE - 500 CE, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Meulenbeld|first=G. Jan|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm42207455|title=A history of Indian medical literature|date=1999|publisher=E. Forsten|isbn=978-90-6980-124-7|series=Groningen Oriental studies|location=Groningen|oclc=ocm42207455}}</ref> tụrụ aro ka e were mmiri ara, anụ dị iche iche, mmanya na-aba n'anya na ezumike gwọọ ọrịa ahụ. Yajurveda dụrụ ndị ọrịa a metụtara ọdụ ka ha kwaga n'ebe ndị dị elu.<ref name="ghose214" /> === China oge ochie === Okwu Ndị China oge ochie bụ lao "nripịa; ụkwara nta" bụ aha a na-anụkarị na Ọgwụ ọdịnala ndị China, na ''fèijiéhé'' 肺結核 (pụtara "mfikọ akpa ume kernel") "ụkwara nta usoro okuku ume ahụ" bu okwu ahụike nke ''ebe a''. ''A'' na-agwakọta Lao na aha ndị dị ka ''xulao'' 虛́ na "[[wiktionary:虛|Ihe efu]]; ịtọgbọrọ na nkịtị", ''láobíng'' São病 na "[[wiktionary:病|Ọrịa"]], ''Laozhài'' na "ọrịa oge ochie", na ''feilao'' 肺á na "akpa ume". Zhang na Unschuld na-akọwa na okwu ahụike a bụ ''xulao'' "ike ọgwụgwụ" gụnyere ọrịa na-efe efe na nke na-erimi ahụ, dị ka ''Laozhai'' "ike ọgwụgwụ na nrimi ahụ" ma ọ bụ ''Laozhaichong'' "ọtị maọbụ okpo nke ike ọgwụgwụ na nrimi ahụ". Ha na-akọwa ''feilao'' 肺 肺 "ike ọgwụgwụ nke akpa ume" na ''feilao chuanshi'' na-efe efe "ike ọgwụgwụ nke akpa ume site na nnyefe ozu [ajọ] dị ka "nri / ụkwara nta". N'ịkọwa okwu ndị si na mba ọzọ a gbazitere n'okwu ahụike mbụ, Zhang na Unschuld na-ekwu na [[wiktionary:瘵|Ọdịdị]] ụdaume dị n'etiti Chinese ''feixiao'' 肺消 (sitere n'asụsụ China oge ochie **phot-ssew) "oriri nke akpa ume" yana okwu Greek oge ochie ''[[wiktionary:phthisis|phthisis]] "bụ ụkwara nta nke usoro iku ume"'' Ihe odide ahụike nke ''Huangdi Neijing'' nke China (ihe dị ka - 260 CE), nke a na-ekwu na ọ bụ Eze Ukwu Yellow a na-akọ n'akụkọ ifo, na-akọwa ọrịa e kwenyere na ọ bụ ụkwara nta, nke a na'akpọ ''xulao bing'' (虛病 "ọrịa na-adịghị ike na-erimi ahụ"), nke ihe ndị ya na ya na-eso gụnyere ụkwara na-adịgide adịgide, ọdịdị na-adịghị mma, ahụ ọkụ, ọkụkụ-obi na-adịtụ nwanyọọ adịkwa ọsịịsọ, mgbochi nke obi, na ume nkụda. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (July 2015)">verification needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ''Huangdi Neijing'' na-akọwa otu ọrịa a na-apụghị ịgwọta nke a na-akpọ ''huai''fu'''' 壞府 "obí eze ọjọọ", nke ndị na-akọ akụkọ na-akọwa dị ka ụkwara nta. "N'ihe banyere eriri a na-ebibi, ụda ya na-adị oke njọ. N'ihe banyere osisi nke meworo agadi, a kpatuchaala akwụkwọ ya. Gbasara ọrịa nke dị n'ime [ime ahụ], ụda ọ na-emepụta bụ etuketu. Mgbe mmadụ nwere [ọnọdụ] atọ ndị a, a na-akpọ nke a 'obí eze mebiri emebi'. Ọgwụ ndị na-egbu egbu anaghị eweta ọgwụgwọ; agịga dị mkpirikpi enweghị ike ijide [ọrịa ahụ]. Wang 府 "obí eze" na-anọchite anya Hujikwa ọnụ "obí" na-emebi" N'ihi ya, [ihe odide ahụ] na-ekwu: ọgwụ ndị na-egbu egbu anaghị ewere ọgwụgwọ; a pụghị iji agịga dị mkpirikpi jide ya. "   {{History of infectious disease}} === Oge Ochie === [[Faịlụ:Hippocrates_Light.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|Hippocrates]] Hippocrates, n'akwụkwọ ya bụ Of the Epidemics, kọwara njirimara nke ọrịa ahụ: ahụ ọkụ, mamịrị na-enweghị ụcha, ụkwara na-akpata ọsụ mmiri rọrọ arọ, na mmiri ma agụụ agaghị ịna-agụ onye ahụ. Ọ na-ekwu na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ahụ nwere ọrịa a ghọrọ ndị isi mgbaka tupu ha anwụọ <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Internet Classics Archive {{!}} Of the Epidemics by Hippocrates|url=http://classics.mit.edu/Hippocrates/epidemics.1.i.html|accessdate=8 August 2025|work=classics.mit.edu}}</ref> Hippocrates na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ n'oge ahụ kwenyere na phthisis bụ ihe nketa. Aristotle ekwenyeghị, na-ekwere na ọrịa ahụ na-efe efe. Pliny the Younger degaara Priscus akwụkwọ ozi ebe ọ kọwapụtara mgbaàmà nke phthisis dịka ọ hụrụ ha na Fannia:{{Reflist}}Galen tụrụ aro usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche maka ọrịa ahụ, gụnyere: opium dị ka ihe na-atụ ụra na ihe ga-akwụsị mgbu; ịhapụ ọbara; nri mmiri ọka bali, azụ, na mkpụrụ osisi. Ọ kọwakwara phyma (otito) nke akpa ume, nke a na-eche na ọ kwekọrọ na tubercles nke na-etolite na akpa ume n'ihi ọrịa ahụ. Vitruvius kwuru na "ịtụ oyi na ọwara ikuku, ụkwara, plurisy, phthisis, ịgbọ ọbara", bụ ọrịa a na-ahụkarị n'ógbè ebe ifufe na-esi n'ebe ugwu efega n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ma dụọ ọdụ ka e wuo mgbidi iji chebe ndị mmadụ pụọ n'ikuku. Aretaeus bụ onye mbụ kọwara mgbaàmà nke ọrịa ahụ n'ụzọ siri ike n'ihe odide ya De causis et signis diuturnorum morborum:   === Mmetụ Aka Eze === [[Faịlụ:Henri_IV_touche_les_escrouelles.jpg|thumb|Henry nke anọ nke France na-emetụ ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa aka n'oge emume nke "mmetụta eze". Okwu mbụ ahụ na-agụ: ''Des mirabili strumas sanandi vi solis Galliae regibus christianissimis divinitus concessa liber unus''.]] A na-ahụ ndị eze dị ka ndị okpukpe nwere ikike ime anwansi ma ọ bụ nye ọgwụgwọ. Ekwenyere na imetu aka eze, nke England ma ọ bụ France, nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa n'ihi ikike Chineke nke ndị eze nyere ha. Eze Henry nke Anọ nke France na-emekarị emume a otu ugboro n'izu, mgbe ọ nwesịrị oriri nsọ. Omume ọgwụgwọ a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na France, nke mere na a maara scrofula dị ka "mal du roi" ma ọ bụ "King's Evil". Na mbido, emume mmetụ aka ahụ bụ usoro na-abụghị nke a na-ahụkarị. Ndị na-arịa ọrịa nwere ike ịrịọ ụlọ ikpe maka mmetụ aka eze, nke eze ga-eme mgbe ọ dịkarịchaara ya mfe n'isi ụtụtụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, Eze nke France ga-emetụ ndị ọrịa n'oge ọ na-agagharị n'ala. Otú ọ dị, mgbasa ngwa ngwa nke ụkwara nta gafee France na England, mere ka usoro mmetụ aka bụrụzie nke a na-eme kwa mgbe na n'usoro. Ka ọ na-erule n'oge Louis nke Iri na Anọ nke France, a na-edepụta bọọdụ na-egosi ụbọchị na oge Eze ga-anọ maka mmetụ aka mgbe niile; a nọkwa na-ewepụta ego dị ka nkwado ọrụ ebere. N'England, usoro ahụ bụ nke a haziri ahazi ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1633, Book of Common Prayer nke Chọọchị Anglịkan nwere emume Royal Touch.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mitchinson|first=John|title=QI: Quite Interesting facts about Kings|work=Telegraph.co.uk|date=9 January 2009|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/qi/4176490/QI-Quite-interesting-facts-about-Kings.html|accessdate=23 December 2009}}</ref> Onye eze (eze ma ọ bụ eze nwanyị), nke ga-anọ ọdụ n'elu ocheeze, metụrụ onye ahụ ahụ na-arịa ọrịa aka, ma nye ya mkpụrụ ego - ọ na-abụkarị Mmụọ ozi, mkpụrụ ego ọla edo nke ọnụ ahịa ya dịgasị iche site na ihe dị ka shillings isii ruo ihe dị kashilling iri - site na ịpị ya n'olu onye ọrịa ahụ.<ref name="Dang231"> Ọ bụ ezie na emume ahụ abaghị uru ọgwụ, ndị òtù ụlọ ikpe eze na-agbasa ozi na ndị natara aka eze na-anata ọgwụgwọ ọrụ ebube. André du Laurens, onye isi dọkịta nke Henry nke anọ, kpọsara nchọpụta na ọ dịkarịa ala ọkara nke ndị natara aka eze gwọrọ n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole. Mmetụta eze nọgidere na-ewu ewu na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ. Ndebanye aha parish sitere na Oxfordshire, England gụnyere ọ bụghị naanị ndekọ nke baptizim, alụmdi na nwunye, na ọnwụ, kamakwa ndekọ nke ndị ruru eru maka aka eze. === Mmetụta na-efe efe === Girolamo Fracastoro ghọrọ onye mbụ tụrụ aro, n'ọrụ ya De contagione n'afọ 1546, na nje a na-adịghị ahụ anya na-ebusa phthisis. Otu n'ime nkwupụta ya bụ na nje ahụ nwere ike ịdị ndụ n'agbata ''afọ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ'' na uwe ndị nwere ọrịa ahụ nakwa na a na-ebute ya site na mmetụ ahụ na ahụ ma ọ bụ mmiri nke si n'ahụ ndị bu ya, nke ọ kpọrọ ''fomes''. O kwuru na enwere ike ibute phthisis n'enweghị mmetụ ahu na ahu ma ọ bụ fomes, manaoejighị n'aka usoro ọrịa ahụ si gbasaa n'ebe dị anya.[46] === Usoro tartaric nke Paracelsus === Paracelsus kwalitere nkwenye na ihe na-akpata ụkwara nta bụ site na ọdịda nke akụkụ dị n'ime iji mezuo ọrụ alchemical ya. Mgbe nke a mere n'akpa ume, nkume ga-amalite na-akpata ụkwara nta n'ihe ọ kpọrọ usoro ''tartaric''. === Mgbanwe ụlọ ọgwụ === [[Faịlụ:1950_Census_Enumeration_District_Maps_-_Puerto_Rico_(PR)_-_Aibonito_Municipality,_Tuberculosis_Sanatorium.jpg|thumb|1950 Census Enumeration District Map nke Aibonito, Puerto Rico, United States, na-egosi "Tuberculosis Sanatorium" ka ọ bụrụ ebe pụrụ iche (maka ịgụ ọnụ) ]] Ọganihu nke nghọta sayensị banyere ụkwara nta, na ọdịdị ya na-efe efe mere ka ọ dị mkpa ka ụlọ ọrụ nwee ụlọ ndị nwere ọrịa. George Bodington mere atụmatụ mbụ maka ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-arịa ụkwara nta n'akwụkwọ nke ọ kpọrọ An essay on the treatment and cure of pulmonary consumption, on natural, rational and successful principles na 1840. N'akwụkwọ a, ọ tụrụ aro usoro nri, ezumike, na nlekọta ahụike maka ụlọ ọgwụ ọ na-eme atụmatụ imepe na Maney. Mwakpo sitere n'aka ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara ahụike, ọkachasị isiokwu dị na The ''Lancet'', mere ka Bodington nwee nkụda mmụọ, mere na ọ tụgharịrị gaa na atụmatụ maka imepe ụlọ ndị isi mgbaka. Hermann Brehmer, onye dọkịta Germany, kwenyesiri ike na ụkwara nta malitere site na ihe isi ike nke obi ịgba akpa ume mmiri n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Ya mere, ọ tụrụ aro na mpaghara ndị dị n'elu oke osimiri, ebe nrụgide ikuku dị obere, ga-enyere obi aka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma. Site na agbamume nke onye nchọpụta Alexander von Humboldt na onye nkuzi ya J. L. Schönlein, e guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa ụkwara nta mbụ n'afọ 1854, mita narị isii na iri ise n'elu oke osimiri, na Görbersdorf. Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, o bipụtara nchọpụta ya n'akwụkwọ ''Die chronische Lungenschwindsucht und Tuberkulose der Lunge: Ihre Ursache und ihre Heilung'' . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Brehmer|first=Herrmann|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/details/bsb10470952|title=Die chronische Lungenschwindsucht und Tuberkulose der Lunge|publisher=Verlag von Th. Chr. Fr. Enslin (Adolph Enslin)|year=1869|location=Berlin}}</ref> Brehmer na otu n'ime ndị ọrịa ya, [[Peter Dettweiler]], ghọrọ ndị na-akwado usoro mmepe ụlọ ahụike ụdị ndị ahụ, nke mere na mgbe a na-erule afọ 1877, ụlọ ọgwụ malitere ịgbasa karịa Germany na Europe dum. Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau mechara guzobe Adirondack Cottage Sanitorium na Saranac Lake, New York na 1884. Otu n'ime ndị ọrịa mbụ Trudeau bụ onye edemede Robert Louis Stevenson; aha ya nyere aka guzobe Saranac Lake dị ka ebe ọgwụgwọ ụkwara nta. N'afọ 1894, mgbe ọkụ mebiri obere ụlọ nnyocha Trudeau, ọ haziri ụlọ nnyocha Saranac maka ọmụmụ nke ụkwara nta; nke a gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Trudeau Institute, ụlọ nnyocha ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-amụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe. Peter Dettweiler gara n'ihu guzobe ụlọ ọgwụ nke ya na Falkenstein na 1877 ma bipụta nchọpụta na-azọrọ na otu narị na iri atọ na abụọ n'ime ndị ọrịa tu puku na iri abụọ na abụọ ya abụrụla ndị agwọrọ kpamkpam mgbe ha nọchara n'ụlọ ọgwụ ya. N'ikpeazụ, ụlọ ọgwụ malitere ịpụta na nso obodo ukwu na n'ebe ndị dị ala, dị ka Sharon Sanatorium na 1890 na nso Boston. Ọ bụghị naanị ụlọ ọgwụgwọ ka ụlọ ọgwụ ndị ahụ bụ. Ụlọ ọgwụ ụkwara nta pụrụ iche malitere ịpụta na mpaghara ndị buru ibu. Sir Robert Philip guzobere Royal Victoria Dispensary for Consumption na Edinburgh na 1887. Dispensaries rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ pụrụ iche maka ndị rịawara ụkwara nta n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nke e meghekwara maka ndị na-ejichaghị ego. Ojiji nke dispensaries iji gwọọ ndị nọ n'ọkwa gbagotetụrụ na ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị ala n'ógbè ndị dị mkpa na nhazi n'etiti ọkwa dị iche iche nke mmemme ahụike dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ, ụlọ ọgwụ, na mpaghara ụkwara nta ghọrọ ihe a maara dị ka "Edinburgh Anti-tuberculosis Scheme". N'afọ 1913, Ụlọ Ọgwụ Queen Mary maka Ụmụaka Consumptive na Toronto, Canada, ghọrọ ụlọ ọgwụ mbụ n'ụwa a raara nye maka ụkwara nta n'ime ụmụaka. <ref name="Burke">{{Cite journal|author=Burke|first=Stacie|date=2023|title=Review of Building Resistance: Children, Tuberculosis, and the Toronto Sanatorium|url=https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/onhistory/2023-v115-n1-onhistory07936/1098788ar.pdf|journal=Eruid|volume=115|pages=140}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Annual Report - Canadian Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis|publisher=Canadian Tuberculosis Association|year=1919|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Annual_Report_Canadian_Association_for_t/B242AQAAMAAJ|pages=55}}</ref> == Narị afọ nke iri abụọ == === Njikwa === [[Faịlụ:Map_of_the_City_of_Washington_Showing_Location_of_Fatal_Cases_of_Consumption.jpg|thumb|Map nke ọnwụ sitere na ụkwara nta na [[Washington, D.C.]] na 1900 ruo 1901.]] Na mbido narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ụkwara nta bụ otu n'ime nsogbu ahụike kachasị chọọ ụsa ngwa ngwa na UK. E guzobere kọmitii eze n'afọ 1901, The Royal Commission A họpụtara ka ọ nyochaa mmekọrịta nke ọrịa ụkwara nta na mmadụ na n'anụmanụ. Ọrụ ya bụ ịchọpụta ma ụkwara nta n'ime ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ otu ọrịa ahụ, nakwa ka a mara ma ụmụ anụmanụ ma ụmụ mmadụ enwere ike ibunye ibe ha ọrịa ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule 1919, Commission ahụ aghọwo Kansul Nnyocha Ahụike nke UK.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'afọ 1902, Nzukọ Mba Nile na-ahụ maka ụkwara nta gbakọtara na Berlin. N'etiti mkpebi ndị ọzọ dị iche iche, nzukọ ahụ tụrụ aro Cross of Lorraine ka ọ bụrụ ihe nnọchianya na mba ụwa niikle nke ọgụ megide ụkwara nta. Mgbasa ozi mba gbasara na Europe na United States nile iji gbochie mgbasawanye nke ụkwara nta. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Mgbe o doro anya nke ọma 'afọ ndị 1880 na ọrịa ahụ na-efe efe, e mere ka ụkwara nta bụrụ ọrịa a na-ahụ anya na Britain; a bịara nwewe mkpọsa iji kwụsị ịgbọ ọnụ mmiri n'ebe ọha na eze, a na-arụgidekwa ndị ogbenye butere ọrịa ahụ ka ha banye n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị yiri ụlọ mkpọrọ; ụlọ ọgwụ maka ndị nọ n'etiti na ndị dị elu nyere nlekọta dị mma na nlekọta ahụike mgbe niile. Ihe ọ bụla a na-ekwu na ọ bụ uru nke ikuku dị ọcha na ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, ọbụlagodi n'ọnọdụ kachasị mma, ọkara nke ndị batara na ha nwụrụ n'ime afọ ise (1916). <ref name="sanatoria"> Nkwalite nke Christmas Seals malitere na Denmark n'afọ 1904 dị ka ụzọ isi nweta ego maka mmemme ụkwara nta. Ọ gbasara gaa na United States na Canada na 1907-1908 iji nyere National Tuberculosis Association aka (nke e mechara kpọwa American Lung Association). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> [[Faịlụ:Swine_tuberculosis.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Chaatị na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ ụkwara nta n'ụmụ anụ ụlọ e nyochara na mbipụta 1938 nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States.]] Na mba United States, nchegbu banyere mgbasa nke ụkwara nta keere òkè na mmachibido nke ịgbụ ọnụ mmiri n'ebe ọhaneze ma e wezụga n'ime ọnụ ebe ndị e kwesịrị ịgbụnye ha. E wepụtara usoro ahụike ọha na eze iji soro ma chịkwaa mgbasa nke ụkwara nta n'ime anụ ụlọ nke nwere ike ibufe ụmụ mmadụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> === Ọgwụ mgbochi === Ezigbo ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ n'ịgba ọgwụ megide ụkwara nta bụ nke Albert Calmette na Camille Guérin mepụtara site na ụkwara nta bovine-strain nke e belatara ebelata n'afọ 1906. A kpọrọ ya "BCG" (Bacille Calmette-Guérin). A malitere ịgba ụmụ mmadụ Ọgwụ mgbochi BCG a n'afọ 1921 na France, mana ọ bụghị ruo mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị ka BCG nwetara nnabata zuru oke na Great Britain yana Germany. N'ụbọchị ndị mbụ nke British National Health Service nnyocha X-ray maka ụkwara nta mụbara nke ukwuu mana ọnụ ọgụgụ ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi dị ala na mbụ. N'afọ 1953, e kwekọrịtara na ụmụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị kwesịrị ịgba ha ọgwụ mgbochi, mana ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ 1954, ọ bụ naanị mmadụ narị puku abụọ na iri ise ka a gbara ọgwụ mgbochi. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1956, nke a arịgoola ruo narị uyku isii, ihe dị ka ọkara n'ime ha bụrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Webster|first=Charles|title=The Health Services Since the War|date=1988|publisher=HMSO|location=London|isbn=978-0-11-630942-6}}</ref> N'Ịtali, e jiri Ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa Salvioli ({{Lang|it|Vaccino Diffondente Salvioli}}; VDS) mee ihe site na 1948 ruo 1976. Ọ bụ Prọfesọ Gaetano Salvioli nke Mahadum Bologna mepụtara ya. === Ọgwụgwọ === [[Faịlụ:Tuberculosis_in_the_USA_1861-2014.png|alt= Tuberculosis mortality in the USA from 1861 to 2014.|thumb|Ọnwụ ụkwara nta na USA site na 1861 ruo 2014.]] [[Faịlụ:TB_Specialist_Nurse_Eleanor_Pond_at_the_18_bed_'Fresh_Air_School'_for_TB_patients,_Royal_Victoria_Hospital,_Montreal._1939.tif|thumb|Nọọsụ ọkachamara na 'Fresh Air School' nwere àkwà iri na asatọ maka ụmụaka na-arịa ụkwara nta. Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal. 1939.]] Ka narị afọ ahụ na-aga n'ihu, a bịara jiriwe ụfọdụ usoro ịwa ahụ, gụnyere usoro pneumothorax ma ọ bụ plombage - ịkụkpọ akpa ume na-arịa ọrịa ka o "zuo ike" ma mee ka mmerụ ahụ ya gwọọ - iji gwọọ ụkwara nta. Pneumothorax abụghị usoro ọhụrụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla. N'afọ 1696, Giorgio Baglivi kọrọ na mgbake dịtụ n'etiti ndị na-arịa ụkwara nta mgbe ha nwetara ọnyá mma agha n'obi. [[F.H. Ramadge]] nyere usoro ọgwụgwọ pneumothorax mbụ gara nke ọma n'afọ 1834, wee kọọ ka e mesịrị na a gwọrọ onye ọrịa ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ na narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọrọ iji nlezianya nyochaa ịdị irè nke usoro ndị dị otú ahụ. Carlo Forlanini nwalere site n'iji usoro pneumothorax aka ya site na 1882 ruo 1888, nke a malitere ịgbaso naanị afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hansson|first=Nils|title=Therapeutic Pneumothorax and the Nobel Prize|journal=The Annals of Thoracic Surgery|date=August 2015|volume=100|issue=2|pages=761–765|doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.03.100|pmid=26234863}}</ref> Na 1939, ''British Journal of Tuberculosis'' bipụtara nyocha nke [[Oli Hjaltested]] na [[Kjeld Törning]] na ndị ọrịa dị otu narị na iri itoolu na otu ndị a nọ na-enye usoro ahụ n'etiti 1925 na 1931; na 1951, Roger Mitchell bipụtara ọtụtụ isiokwu banyere nsonaazụ ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa narị ise na iri ise na asaa ndị a gwọrọ n'etiti 1930 na 1939 na Trudeau Sanatorium dị na Saranac Lake. Otú ọ dị, ọchụchọ maka ọgwụgwọ sitere n'inye ọgwụ gara n'ihu n'ụzọ siri ike. N'oge Mgbe ndị Nazi biri na Poland, SS-Obergruppenführer Wilhelm Koppe haziri ogbugbu nke ihe karịrị ndị Poland puku iri atọ na-arịa ụkwara nta - nwere obere ihe ọmụma ma ọ bụ echiche na ọgwụgwọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dị. N'afọ 1944, Albert Schatz, Elizabeth Bugie, na Selman Waksman wepụtara streptomycin nke nje bacteria ''Streptomyces griseus.'' mepụtara. Streptomycin bụ ọgwụ nje mbụ rụrụ ọrụ megide M. tuberculosis. A na-ewere nchọpụta a dị ka mmalite nke oge a nke ụkwara nta.<ref name="Daniel1868"> Para-aminosalicylic acid, nke a chọpụtara na 1946, ka ejiri ya na Streptomycin belata mpụta nke ụdị nje ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ, nke mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrịa belata.<ref name="snider">{{Cite journal|title=Tuberculosis Then and Now: A Personal Perspective on the Last 50 Years|author=Snider|first=Gordon|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=126|date=1 December 1997|pages=237–243|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-126-3-199702010-00011|pmid=9027277}}</ref> Nke bụ ezigbo mgbanwe malitere afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, na 1952, site na mmepụta nke isoniazid, ọgwụ mbụ na-egbu nje ụkwara nta a na-etinye n'ọnụ. <ref name="Daniel1868"> Ọbịbịa nke rifampin na afọ ndị 1970 mere ka oge mgbake dị ngwa, ma belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-arịa ụkwara nta ruo n'afọ 1980. Onye Britain na-ahụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe bụ Thomas McKeown gosipụtara na "ọgwụgwọ site n'inye streptomycin belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anwụ anwụ kemgbe e webatara ya (1948-71) ruo ogo pasent iri ise na otu... "<ref name=":13">{{Cite book|url=http://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/publications/role-medicine-dream-mirage-or-nemesis|title=The Role of Medicine: Dream, Mirage or Nemesis? (The Rock Carlington Fellow, 1976)|author=McKeown|first=Thomas|publisher=Nuffield Provincial Hospital Trust|year=1976|isbn=978-0-900574-24-5|location=London, UK}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, o gosikwara na ọnwụ sitere na ọrịa ụkwara nta na England na Wales ejirila ihe ruru pasent iri itoolu ruo pasent iri itolu na ise belata tupu streptomycin na ọgwụ mgbochi BCG adị n'ọtụtụ ebe, nakwa na enyemaka nke ọgwụ nje na mbelata nke ọnwụ site na ụkwara ume dị obere n'ezie: "maka ngụkọta oge kemgbe e dekọrọ ihe kpatara ọnwụ (1848-71) mbelata ahụ bụ pasent atọ na ụma abụọ".<ref name=":13"> Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a enwetakla nkwado na mba niile dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ (lee dịka ọmụmaatụ mbelata nke ọnwụ sitere na TB na USA) na maka ọrịa niile a maara n'oge ahụ na-efe efe. McKeown kọwara mbelata nke ọnwụ site na ọrịa na-efe efe site na ọnọdụ ndụ ka mma, ọkachasị site na nri na-edozi ahụ, na site na ịdị ọcha ka mma, na obere site na enyemaka nke ọgwụ. McKeown, onye a na-ewere dị ka nna nke ọgwụgwọ ọha na eze, <ref name=":142">{{Cite book|title=The Great Escape. Health, wealth, and the origins of inequality|author=Deaton|first=Angus|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-691-15354-4|location=Princeton and Oxford|pages=91–93|quote=McKeown's views, updated to modern circumstances, are still important today in debates between those who think that health is primarily determined by medical discoveries and medical treatment and those who look to the background social conditions of life.}}</ref> arịọọla kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, na site n'inye ọgwụ na ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa dị iche iche n'anyị nwere ike imeri n'agha ahụ mana a ga-emeri anyị n'ọgụ megide ọrịa nke ịda ogbenye. <ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=Diseases of Poverty (Chapter 8) In: The Origins of Human Disease|author=McKeown|first=Thomas|publisher=Basil Blackwell|year=1988|isbn=978-0-631-17938-2|location=Oxford, UK|pages=[https://archive.org/details/originsofhumandi0000mcke/page/181 181–199]|url=https://archive.org/details/originsofhumandi0000mcke/page/181}}</ref> N'ihi ya, mgbalị na ihe onwunwe kwesịrị ịgakarịa n'idozi na imeziwanye ọnọdụ ndụ nke ndị mmadụ na mba ndị nwere obere ihe onwunwe, nakwa n'imeziwanye gburugburu ebe obibi ha site n'inye ha mmiri dị ọcha, ịdị ọcha, ụlọ ka mma, agụmakwụkwọ, nchekwa na ikpe ziri ezi, yana ịnweta nlekọta ahụike. Karịsịa ọrụ nke ndị nrite Nobel Robert W. Fogel (1993) <ref name=":142"> na Angus Deaton (2015) enyela aka nke ukwuu na nzaghachi nke inye ekele na nso nso a maka ihe McKeown na-ekwu mgbe ahụ.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|author=Fogel|first=R. W.|year=2004|title=Technophysio evolution and the measurement of economic growth|journal=Journal of Evolutionary Economics|volume=14|issue=2|pages=217–21|doi=10.1007/s00191-004-0188-x}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite book|title=The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700–2100: Europe, America, and the Third World|author=Fogel|first=Robert|publisher=Cambridge University Press, 189 pp|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-80878-1|location=New York}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|title=The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition, and Human Development in the Western World since 1700|author=Fogel, Robert|publisher=Cambridge University Press, New York|year=2011|isbn=978-0-521-87975-0|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/changingbodyheal0000unse}}</ref><ref name=":25">{{Cite book|title=Explaining Long-Term Trends in Health and Longevity|author=Fogel|first=Robert W.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|isbn=978-1-107-02791-6|location=New York}}</ref> Nkwado na-adịghị mma nke okwu McKeown bụ na mmụba nrụgide na ụgwọ ọrụ site na mgbazinye ego IMF nye Eastern Europe nke ndị Kọmunist nwere njikọ ya na ịrị elu nke ọrịa TB, mgbasa na ọnwụ ndị mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Stuckler, David|title=International Monetary Fund programs and tuberculosis outcomes in post-communist countries|journal=PLOS Medicine|date=22 July 2008|volume=5|issue=7|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050143|pmid=18651786}}</ref> Na United States, e nwere mbelata dị egwu n'ọrịa ụkwara nta site na afọ 1970. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ ndị 1900, a malitere mkpọsa maka ahụike ọha na eze iji kụziere ndị mmadụ banyere ọrịa ahụ. N'ime iri afọ ndị sochirinụ, akwụkwọ mmado, akwụkwọ mpịakọta na akwụkwọ akụkọ nọgidere na-agwa ndị mmadụ banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ibute ọrịa ahụ na usoro iji zeere ya, gụnyere ịbawanye ụba nke mmata ọha na eze banyere mkpa ịdị ọcha. Ọ bụ ezie na mmata ka mma banyere omume ịdị ọcha belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-arịa ya, ọnọdụ ahụ kaara njọ na mpaghara ndị dara ogbenye. E guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na eze iji melite mmata na inye nnyocha. Na Scotland, Dr Nora Wattie duziri ihe ọhụrụ ahụike ọha na eze ma na mpaghara <ref>{{Cite news|date=26 November 1913|title=Watch Your Health|page=3|work=Motherwell Times}}</ref> ma na nke mba n'ozuzu. <ref>{{Cite news|date=10 July 1939|title=Solving the problems of adolescence, Conference of National Council of Girls' Clubs, Growth of Nervous Diseases.|page=13|work=The Scotsman}}</ref> Nke a mere ka mbelata dị egwu dị n'ime afọ 1920 na 1930.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/plague-gallery/|title=TB in America: 1895-1954 &#124; American Experience|work=[[PBS]]}}</ref> === Mwakpoghachị Ozọ === [[Faịlụ:Tuberculosis_world_map-DALYs_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg|thumb|Afọ ndụ nkwarụ a na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ụkwara nta kpatara maka otu puku mmadụ na otu puku mmadụ, 2012: <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Health Organization Disease Burden Estimates for 2000-2012|url=https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index2.html|year=2012|publisher=World Health Organization (WHO)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112174339/https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index2.html|archivedate=12 November 2015}}</ref>   56-248   271-911   930-1,483   1,511-1,511   1,559-3,130   3,254-7,760   7,860-9,008   9,297-9,297   9,550-14,199   14,284-74,731 &nbsp;{{Col-begin}} {{Col-break}} {{legend|#ffff20|56-248}} {{legend|#ffe820|271-911}} {{legend|#ffd820|930-1,483}} {{legend|#ffc020|1,511-1,511}} {{legend|#ffa020|1,559-3,130}} {{Col-break}} {{legend|#ff9a20|3,254-7,760}} {{legend|#f08015|7,860-9,008}} {{legend|#e06815|9,297-9,297}} {{legend|#d85010|9,550-14,199}} {{legend|#d02010|14,284-74,731}} {{Col-end}}]] Olileanya na enwere ike iwepụ ọrịa ahụ kpamkpam dara n'afọ ndị 1980 site na ịrị elu nke ụdị ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Ndị na-arịa ụkwara nta na Britain, dị n'ọnụ ọgụ dị ihe dị ka otu narị puku na iri na asaa n'afọ 1913, dara ruo ihe dị ka puku ise n'afọ 1987, mana ndị na-arịa ya rịrị elu ọzọ, ruo puku isii na narị atọ n'afọ 2000 na puku asaa na narị isii n'afọ 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_AZ/tb/epidemiology/table1.htm|title=Tuberculosis&nbsp;— Respiratory and Non-respiratory Notifications, England and Wales, 1913–2005|publisher=Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections|date=21 March 2007|accessdate=1 August 2007}}</ref> N'ihi mwepụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ọha na eze na New York na mpụta nke nje HIV, e nwere mwakpoghachị ọzọ nke ụkwara nta na ngwụcha afọ 1980. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrịa na-emezughị usoro ọgwụ ha dị elu. New York aghaghị ịnagide ihe karịrị ndị ọrịa TB puku iri abụọ nwere ụdị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche (na-eguzogide, ma ọ dịkarịa ala, ma rifampin na isoniazid). N'ịzaghachi nlọghachi nke ụkwara nta, Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa wepụtara nkwupụta nke ọnọdụ mberede ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ n'afọ 1993. Kwa afọ, a na-eme atụmatụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nde ụdị ọrịa ụkwara nta na-eguzogide ọgwụ (MDR-TB) na-eme n'ụwa niile. == Hụkwa == * Akụkọ banyere ịba * Usoro iheomume nke ahụike ụwa * Ndepụta nke ndị nwụrụ n'ihi ụkwara nta == Ihe edeturu == == Edensibịa == === Akwụkwọ === * Abel, Emily K. Ọrịa ụkwara nta na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Exclusion: Akụkọ banyere ahụike ọha na eze na mbata na Los Angeles (Rutgers University Press 2007) * {{Cite book|title=A Short History of Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofme00acke|author=Ackerknecht, Erwin Heinz|publisher=JHU Press|year=1982|isbn=978-0-471-06762-7}} * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Obodo Na-arịa Ọrịa: Ahụike, Ụkwara nta, na Ọdịbendị na Buenos Aires, 1870-1950'' (2011) * {{Cite book|title=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Paleopathology|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeencyclo0000aufd|author=Aufderheide, Arthur C.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-521-55203-5}} * {{Cite book|title=The Making of a Social Disease: Tuberculosis in Nineteenth-century France|author=Barnes, David S.|publisher=University of California Press|year=1995|isbn=978-0-520-08772-9}} * {{Cite book|title=Epidemics Laid Low: A History of what Happened in Rich Countries|url=https://archive.org/details/epidemicslaidlow0000bour|author=Bourdelais, Patrice|publisher=JHU Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-8018-8294-4}} * {{Cite book|author=Brock|first=Thomas D.|title=Milestones in Microbiology 1546 to 1940|date=1999|publisher=ASM Press|isbn=978-1-55581-142-6}} * {{Cite book|doi=10.1128/9781555818272|title=Robert Koch|date=1998|author=Brock|first=Thomas D.|isbn=978-1-68367-266-1}} * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] N'okpuru Ugwu Ime Anwansi: Akụkọ Ọha nke Ụkwara Ọrịa Mgbasa na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na Britain (1988), 298p. * {{Cite book|title=Pioneers of Medicine and Their Impact on Tuberculosis|author=Daniel, Thomas M.|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=2000|isbn=978-1-58046-067-5}} * {{Cite book|author=Dubos|first=René Jules|title=The White Plague: Tuberculosis, Man, and Society|date=1987|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-1224-2}} * {{Cite book|title=Chemistry and Medical Debate: Van Helmont to Boerhaave|author=Debus, Allen G.|authorlink=Allen G. Debus|publisher=Science History Publications|year=2001|isbn=978-0-88135-292-4}} * {{Cite book|title=Sediments of Time: Environment and Society in Chinese History|author=Elvin, Mark|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1998}} * {{Cite book|doi=10.1007/3-540-36488-9|title=Biotechnology in India I|series=Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology|date=2003|isbn=978-3-540-00609-1|editor=Ghose}} * {{Cite book|doi=10.1163/9789004253520|title=Princes and Princely Culture 1450–1650|date=2003|editor=Gosman|isbn=978-90-04-25352-0}} * {{Cite book|author=Green|first=John|title=Everything Is Tuberculosis: The History and Persistence of Our Deadliest Infection|date=2025|publisher=Penguin Group|isbn=978-0-525-55657-2}} * {{Cite book|title=Bittersweet: The Story of Sugar|author=Macinnis, Peter|publisher=Allen & Unwin|year=2002|isbn=978-1-86508-657-6|url=https://archive.org/details/bittersweetstory00maci}} * McMillen, Christian W. Ịchọpụta ụkwara nta: Akụkọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, 1900 ruo ugbu a (2014) * {{Cite book|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-18937-1|title=Tuberculosis|date=2004|isbn=978-3-642-62365-3|editor=Madkour}} * {{Cite book|title=A History of the Life Sciences|author=Magner, Lois N.|publisher=CRC Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8247-8942-8|url=https://archive.org/details/historyoflifesci0000magn}} * {{Cite book|chapter=Tuberculosis|author=Nathanson|first=Constance A.|title=Disease Prevention as Social Change|date=2007|pages=80–106|publisher=Russell Sage Foundation|isbn=978-0-87154-644-9}} * {{Cite book|title=Pulmonary tuberculosis|url=https://archive.org/details/pulmonarytubercu00otis|author=Otis, Edward Osgood|publisher=W.M. Leonard|year=1920}} * {{Cite book|title=The Cambridge History of Medicine|author=Porter, Roy|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-55791-7}} * {{Cite book|doi=10.4324/9780429433702|title=Tuberculosis in the Americas, 1870–1945|date=2018|author=Reber|first=Vera Blinn|isbn=978-0-429-43370-2}} * 446 + peeji nke iri na abụọ.{{Cite book|title=Tuberculosis: The Greatest Story Never Told|author=Ryan, Frank|publisher=Swift Publishers, England|year=1992|isbn=1-874082-00-6}} * {{Cite book|title=Doctors and Their Patients: A Social History|author=Shorter, Edward|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=1991|isbn=978-0-88738-871-2}} * {{Cite book|title=National Tuberculosis Association, 1904-1954: A Study of the Voluntary Health Movement in the United States|author=Shryock, Richard Harrison|publisher=Ayer Publishing|year=1988|isbn=978-0-405-09831-4}} * Smith, F. B. Nlaghachi nke ụkwara nta, 1850-1950 (1988) 271p * {{Cite book|title=The Conquest of Tuberculosis|url=https://archive.org/details/conquestoftuberc0000unse|author=Waksman, Selman A.|publisher=University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles|year=1964}} * {{Cite book|title=Tuberculosis|author=Yancey, Diane|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7613-1624-4|url=https://archive.org/details/tuberculosistwen00dian}} * Zumla, Alimuddin et al. eds. Ọrịa ụkwara nta: Nkwupụta Ọgwụ zuru oke (Saunders, 2009) * {{Cite book|author=Dang|first=B|chapter=The Royal Touch|pages=229–234|editor=Whitelaw|title=The Proceedings of the 10th Annual History of Medicine Days: Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Held March 23rd and 24th, 2001 in the Libin Theatre, Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, AB|date=2001|publisher=University of Calgary|doi=10.11575/PRISM/10355|oclc=51294903}} === Ọmụmụ ihe nke ochie === * {{Cite book|title=A Treatise on Tuberculosis: The Constitutional Origin of Consumption and Scrofula|url=https://archive.org/details/treatiseontuberc00ance|author=Ancell, Henry|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans|year=1852}} * {{Cite book|title=An Essay on the Treatment and Cure of Pulmonary Consumption: On Principles Natural, Rational, and Successful; with Suggestions for an Improved Plan of Treatment of the Disease Amongst the Lower Classes of Society|url=https://archive.org/details/b2172779x|author=Bodington, George|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans|year=1840}} * Unschuld, Paul U. na Hermann Tessenow (2011), Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen: Annotated Translation of Huang Di's Inner Classic - Basic Questions, University of California Press. * {{Cite book|title=Observations on the Dropsy in the Brain|url=https://archive.org/details/b30549966|author=Whytt, R|publisher=Balfour, Auld & Smellie|year=1768|location=Edinburgh}} * {{Cite book|title=The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica: A Translation of the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing|author=Yang, Shou-zhong|publisher=Blue Poppy Enterprises, Inc.|year=1998}} * Zhang Zhibin na Paul U. Unschuld (2014), ''Dictionary of the Ben cao gang mu, Mpịakọta 1: Chinese Historical Illness Terminology'', Mahadum California Press. === Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọkà mmụta dere === * {{Cite journal|author=Bonah|first=Christian|title=The 'experimental stable' of the BCG vaccine: safety, efficacy, proof, and standards, 1921–1933|journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences|date=December 2005|volume=36|issue=4|pages=696–721|doi=10.1016/j.shpsc.2005.09.003|pmid=16337557}} * {{Cite journal|author=Chalke|first=H.D.|title=Some historical aspects of tuberculosis|journal=Public Health|date=December 1959|volume=74|issue=3|pages=83–95|doi=10.1016/S0033-3506(59)80055-X|pmid=13809031}} * {{Cite journal|author=Comstock|first=G. W.|title=The International Tuberculosis Campaign: A Pioneering Venture in Mass Vaccination and Research|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|date=September 1994|volume=19|issue=3|pages=528–540|doi=10.1093/clinids/19.3.528|pmid=7811874}} * {{Cite journal|author=Daniel T|title=The impact of tuberculosis on civilization|journal=Infect Dis Clin N Am|volume=18|issue=1|pages=157–65|year=2004|doi=10.1016/s0891-5520(03)00096-5|pmid=15081511}} * {{Cite journal|author=Egedesø|first=Peter Juul|title=Preventing the White Death: Tuberculosis Dispensaries|journal=The Economic Journal|date=July 2020|volume=130|issue=629|pages=1288–1316|doi=10.1093/ej/ueaa014}} * {{Cite journal|title=The Treatment of Tuberculosis|author=Graham JE|journal=The Montreal Medical Journal|volume=21|pages=253–273|date=1893}} * {{Cite journal|author=Henius|first=Kurt|title=Erfahrungen mit dem Tuberkulomuzin Weleminsky|language=de|journal=Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift|date=December 1925|volume=51|issue=52|pages=2149–2150|doi=10.1055/s-0028-1137468}} * {{Cite journal|author=Herzog|first=H.|title=History of Tuberculosis|journal=Respiration|date=1998|volume=65|issue=1|pages=5–15|id={{ProQuest|228284362}}|doi=10.1159/000029220|pmid=9523361}} * {{Cite journal|author=Jones|first=Susan D.|title=Mapping a Zoonotic Disease: Anglo-American Efforts to Control Bovine Tuberculosis before World War I|journal=Osiris|date=January 2004|volume=19|pages=133–148|doi=10.1086/649398|pmid=15478271}} * {{Cite journal|author=Koch|first=Robert|title=Die Aetiologie der Tuberculose|language=de|journal=Berliner Klinischen Wochenschrift|volume=19|issue=15|date=10 April 1882|pages=221–230}} * {{Cite journal|author=McDonald|first=S. 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Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|url=https://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:101513|type=[[PhD thesis]]}} === Edensibịa ndị ọzọ === [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qbxwwet455hxsjntcn4r6twk9v3b5mx 0 75381 692368 676052 2026-07-29T21:06:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William''' '''Paul Troost-Ekong''' MFR MON (amụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1993) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agbachitere ndị otu Qatar Stars League Al-Ahli . A mụrụ ya na Netherlands, ọ bụ onyeisi [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]]. A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ Dutch na Naijiria, Troost-Ekong ruru eru maka Netherlands na Naijeria na mba ụwa. O mere nke mbụ ya maka Naịjirịa n'afọ 2015 ma kemgbe ahụ enwetala ihe karịrị 80 caps. == Ọrụ klọb == Troost-Ekong gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Hockerill Anglo-European College na Bishop's Stortford, na England. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na ọkwa ndị ntorobịa na England maka Fulham na Tottenham Hotspur, <ref name="scotsman">{{Cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/latest/celtic-eye-groningen-defender-william-troost-ekong-1-3716896|title=Celtic eye Groningen defender William Troost-Ekong|date=12 March 2015|accessdate=28 July 2015|publisher=The Scotsman|archivedate=24 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153036/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/latest/celtic-eye-groningen-defender-william-troost-ekong-1-3716896}}</ref> Troost-Ekong malitere ọrụ ya dị elu na Netherlands na FC Groningen na FC Dordrecht. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vi.nl/spelers/carriere/william-troostekong.htm|title=Profile|accessdate=28 July 2015|language=nl|publisher=Voetbal International|archivedate=7 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707155156/http://www.vi.nl/spelers/carriere/william-troostekong.htm}}</ref> Mgbe ejikọtara ya na mba ofesi na Celtic n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ọ bịanyere aka na klọb Belgian KAA Gent na July 2015 ma gbazinye ya ozugbo na klọbu Norwegian FK Haugesund. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33691115|title=Nigerian defender William Troost-Ekong joins Gent|date=28 July 2015|accessdate=28 July 2015|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|publisher=BBC Sport|archivedate=29 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729121200/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33691115}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị 2017, Troost-Ekong bịanyere aka na klọb Turkish Süper Lig Bursaspor . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bursaspor.org.tr/bs//haber?id=22822/07/07/2017/william_troost-ekong_ile_her_konuda_anlasma_saglandi|title=Bursaspor Kulübü Resmi İnternet Sitesi|language=tr|work=www.bursaspor.org.tr|accessdate=8 July 2017|archivedate=15 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615214255/https://www.bursaspor.org.tr/bs//haber?id=22822%2F07%2F07%2F2017%2Fwilliam_troost-ekong_ile_her_konuda_anlasma_saglandi}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, Troost-Ekong sonyeere klọb Udinese nke Serie A nke Ịtali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/udinese/?action=read&idtmw=1146988|accessdate=17 August 2018|title=UFFICIALE: Udinese, ingaggiato Troost-Ekong|language=it}}</ref> N'oge izizi ya na Serie A, ọ pụtara 35 league ma debanye aha ugboro anọ, nyere Udinese aka ruo n'ọnọdụ nke iri na abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.completesports.com/troost-ekong-positive-on-udinese-future-after-escaping-relegation/|title=Troost-Ekong Positive On Udinese Future After Escaping Relegation|date=27 March 2019|accessdate=4 August 2019|work=[[Complete Sports]]}}</ref> N'oge ọzọ, Udinese mechara nke iri na atọ, ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere akara abụọ ọzọ. N'agbanyeghị mkpọsa egwuregwu na-adịghị mma nke otu ahụ, Troost-Ekong malitere (ma kpọọ nkeji iri itoolu zuru ezu) na mmeri a na-agaghị echefu echefu megide AC Milan na Juventus n'oge abụọ ya na Le ''Zebrette''. Na 29 Septemba 2020, Troost-Ekong bịanyere aka na EFL Championship nke Watford na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta afọ ise. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mysportdab.com/2020/09/watford-sign-nigerian-footballer-troost-ekong-from-udinese/|title=Troost-Ekong Joins Watford|publisher=MySportDab|date=30 September 2020|accessdate=30 September 2020|archivedate=22 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022002539/https://www.mysportdab.com/2020/09/watford-sign-nigerian-footballer-troost-ekong-from-udinese/}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na mmeri 3-2 megide Coventry City na 7 Nọvemba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54758042|title=Watford 3–2 Coventry|publisher=BBC|date=7 November 2020|accessdate=7 November 2020|archivedate=7 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107124554/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54758042}}</ref> Na 24 Jenụwarị 2023, Troost-Ekong bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Salernitana na mgbazinye ego na nhọrọ ịzụta na ngwụcha oge.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Adetunji|first=Joshua|date=24 January 2023|title=Troost-Ekong confirms Watford departure|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/64388018|accessdate=2023-01-24}}</ref> Na 4 Julaị 2023, ọ sonyeere klọb Super League Greece PAOK na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide maka mbufe n'efu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paokfc.gr/en/news/20230704-paiktis-tou-paok-o-william-troost-ekong/|title=William Troost-Ekong joins PAOK|date=4 July 2023}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Troost-Ekong sonyeere klọb Al-Kholood nke Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=تروست القائد الدولي الثامن في "روشن"|url=https://arriyadiyah.com/847622}}</ref> Na 20 Jenụwarị 2026, Troost-Ekong sonyeere otu Qatar Stars League Al-Ahli na mbufe n'efu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=الأهلي يتعاقد مع المدافع النيجيري ويليام ايكونغ لموسم ونصف|url=https://alahlisc.qa/202526023}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == [[Faịlụ:William_troostekong-1439281002.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọzụzụ Troost-Ekong na [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] na 2015]] A mụrụ Troost-Ekong na Netherlands n'aka nne Dutch, Eleanore Troost na nna Naijiria. O nwere ụmụnne abụọ, Emily na Everest. Mgbe ọ nọchitere anya Netherlands na ndị na-eto eto n'okpuru afọ 19 na ndị na'n'okpuru afọ 20, <ref name="scotsman" />Troost-Ekong mechara họrọ ịnọchite anya [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]. O mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa maka Super Eagles na 13 June 2015, na-egwu nkeji 90 na egwuregwu AFCON na Chad. Ọ malitere ugboro atọ maka ndị otu okenye na 2016 tupu a họpụta ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ na atọ na ndị otu ha dị iri atọ na ise maka Rio 2016 Summer Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36623763|title=Kelechi Iheanacho included in Nigeria's Olympics squad|date=24 June 2016|accessdate=25 June 2016|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|publisher=BBC Sport|archivedate=24 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024130341/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36623763}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka 2018 FIFA World Cup na Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Crawford|first=Stephen|title=Revealed: Every World Cup 2018 squad – Final 23-man lists|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/revealed-every-world-cup-2018-squad-23-man-preliminary-lists/oa0atsduflsv1nsf6oqk576rb|work=Goal|accessdate=16 July 2019|date=4 June 2018|archivedate=15 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515135659/https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/revealed-every-world-cup-2018-squad-23-man-preliminary-lists/oa0atsduflsv1nsf6oqk576rb}}</ref> A kpọrọ Troost-Ekong aha na ndị otu mmadụ iri abụọ na atọ nke mba ahụ maka 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria: Super Eagles' Team List for Afcon 2019|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201906120056.html|accessdate=21 July 2019|work=Vanguard (Nigeria)|publisher=All Africa|date=11 June 2019}}</ref> ebe o meriri na nkeji iri asatọ na itoolu megide South Africa iji zipụ ndị otu ya na ọkara ikpeazụ n'ụzọ na-aga n'ọkwa nke atọ. Ọ bụ onyeisi ndị Super Eagles na 2021 Africa Cup of Nations, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Afcon should '100% be more respected'|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/59908935|accessdate=2022-02-22}}</ref> ma kpọọ aha ya na asọmpi ahụ Technical Study Group's Best XI of the Group Stage, <ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-01-23|title=Moses, Troost-Ekong among Africa's Best 11 At AFCON|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/sport/moses-troost-ekong-among-africas-best-11-at-afcon/|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> na-emeri Guinea-Bissau.<ref>{{Cite web|title=William Troost-Ekong Game by Game Stats and Performance|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/matches/_/id/191507|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=ESPN|language=en|archivedate=22 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222170913/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/matches/_/id/191507}}</ref> Naịjirịa gara n'ihu bụrụ onye Tunisia kụrụ n'agba na-esote.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-23|title=Afcon last 16: Tunisia stun 10-man Nigeria after Burkina Faso beat Gabon|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jan/23/burkina-faso-gabon-tunisia-nigeria-africa-cup-of-nations-match-report|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=The Guardian|language=en|archivedate=22 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222170918/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jan/23/burkina-faso-gabon-tunisia-nigeria-africa-cup-of-nations-match-report}}</ref> N'oge ntozu nke Iko Mbaụwa nke 2022 agba nke atọ, o meriri penariti n'asọmpi nke abụọ megide Ghana, bụ nke kwụsịrị na ọkpụ 1-1 na mmeri na iwu mgbaru ọsọ pụọ; ya mere, mba ya eruteghị asọmpi isi na Qatar. Na 29 Disemba 2023, a kpọrọ Troost-Ekong n'ime ndị otu nwoke iri abụọ na ise maka iko mba Afrịka nke 2023 na Ivory Coast. Ọ tụgharịrị penariti na mmeri 1–0 na asọmpi otu nke abụọ megide Ivory Coast. N'asọmpi nke ọkara nke ikpeazụ megide South Africa, ọ meriri penariti ọzọ iji nye ndị otu ya ụzọ n'ọkpụkpụ 1-1, tupu ọ gbaa akara n'oge agbapụ nke kwụsịrị na mmeri 4-2. O mechara nye goolu mbụ n'asọmpi ikpeazụ megide Ivory Coast nke kwụsịrị na mmeri 2–1. Ka o sina dị, o jisiri ike nweta ihe nrite onye ọkpụkpọ egwuregwu Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ise ọ gbara na Africa Cup of Nations setịpụrụ ndekọ ọhụrụ maka ọtụtụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke onye na-agbachitere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asọmpi ahụ, karịa akara Stephen Keshi nwere.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Oyebola|first=Mike|date=2024-02-12|title=AFCON 2023: Troost-Ekong makes history in Super Eagles' defeat to Cote d'Ivoire|url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/02/12/afcon-2023-troost-ekong-makes-history-in-super-eagles-defeat-to-cote-divoire/|accessdate=2024-02-17|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffhs.com/posts/3407|title=NEW RECORD IN AFRICA|publisher=IFFHS|date=13 February 2024|accessdate=10 May 2026|archivedate=19 May 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519143104/https://iffhs.com/posts/3407}}</ref> Na 4 Disemba 2025, Troost-Ekong kwupụtara ezumike nká ya na bọọlụ mba ụwa na Naịjirịa, izu ole na ole tupu iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africa.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/47209158/super-eagles-captain-william-troost-ekong-retirement-afcon-blow-nigeria|title=Super Eagles captain William Troost-Ekong's retirement before AFCON is a blow for Nigeria|publisher=ESPN|date=5 December 2025}}</ref> William guzobere Troost-Ekong Foundation, otu na-enweghị uru nke ebumnuche ya bụ inye ndị ntorobịa Naijiria na Afrịka ike site na bọọlụ na agụmakwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Chima|first=Naomi|date=2024-07-20|title=Super Eagles captain, Troost-Ekong, unveils foundation with novelty match|url=https://punchng.com/super-eagles-captain-troost-ekong-unveils-foundation-with-novelty-match/|accessdate=2025-01-29|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ibeh|first=Ifeanyi|date=2024-05-21|title=Super Eagles captain Troost-Ekong launches foundation|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/super-eagles-captain-troost-ekong-launches-foundation/|accessdate=2025-01-29|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2025, AF Global Football malitere William Troost-Ekong Scholarship Award, asọmpi agụmakwụkwọ ndị ntorobịa na-agba ọsọ site na ikpo okwu aiScout nke na-enye ebe obibi ego zuru oke n'otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị isi ya na UK.<ref>{{Cite web|title=William Troost-Ekong Scholarship Award|url=https://www.afglobal.football/william-troost-ekong-award|accessdate=19 December 2025|work=AF Global Football}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == [[w:updated|match played 9 January 2026]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/william-ekong/218093/|title=W. Troost-Ekong|website=Soccerway|access-date=15 August 2021|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612065939/https://int.soccerway.com/players/william-ekong/218093/|url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba[a] ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ[b] ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Groningen |2013–14 |Eredivisie |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |2 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Dordrecht (onye a gbazitere) |2013–14 |Nkewa nke Eerste |10 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1[c] |0 |11 |0 |- |2014–15 |Eredivisie |22 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !32 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !34 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Haugesund (onye a gbazinyere) |2015 | rowspan="2" |Ndị Elite na-anọghị n'ọkwa |13 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |13 |0 |- |2016 |24 |3 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |28 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !37 !3 !4 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !41 !4 |- |Gent |2016–17 |Belgian Pro League |8 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Bursaspor |2017–18 | rowspan="2" |Süper Lig |27 |2 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |31 |2 |- |2018–19 |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !28 !3 !4 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !32 !3 |- | rowspan="3" |Udinese |2018–19 | rowspan="2" |Usoro A |35 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |35 |0 |- |2019–20 |30 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |31 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !65 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !66 !0 |- | rowspan="4" |Watford |2020–21 |Mmeri |32 |1 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |33 |1 |- |2021–22 |Njikọ Premier |17 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |18 |0 |- |2022–23 |Mmeri |15 |1 |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |17 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !64 !2 !3 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !68 !2 |- |Salernitana (onye a gbazitere) |2022–23 |Usoro A |9 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |9 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |PAOK |2023–24 | rowspan="2" |Njikọ Super Gris |10 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |12[d] |0 | colspan="2" | - |22 |0 |- |2024–25 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |2[e] |1 | colspan="2" | - |2 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !10 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !14 !1 !0 !0 !24 !1 |- | rowspan="3" |Al-Kholood |2024–25 | rowspan="2" |Saudi Pro League |32 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |33 |2 |- |2025–26 |13 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |16 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !45 !2 !4 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !49 !2 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !300 !11 !17 !1 !1 !0 !14 !1 !1 !0 !333 !13 |}  1 me[[w:updated|match played 13 November 2025]]<ref name="NFT" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="11" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2015 |4 |0 |- |2016 |5 |0 |- |2017 |7[a] |0 |- |2018 |12 |1 |- |2019 |14 |1 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |8 |0 |- |2022 |10 |2 |- |2023 |0 |0 |- |2024 |12 |3 |- |2025 |7 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !82 !8 |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe Troost-Ekong ọ bụla gasịrị.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke William Troost-Ekong gbara ! scope="col" |Mba. ! scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe a na-anọ ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Ihe ruru ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ịsọ mpi |- | align="center" |1 |28 Mee 2018 |[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]], Port Harcourt, Nigeria | DR Congo | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- | align="center" |2 |10 Julaị 2019 |Cairo International Stadium, Cairo, Egypt | South Africa | align="center" |2–1 | align="center" |2–1 |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2019 |- | align="center" |3 |19 Jenụwarị 2022 |Roumdé Adjia Stadium, Garoua, Cameroon | Guinea-Bissau | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2021 |- | align="center" |4 |29 Machị 2022 |Moshood Abiola National Stadium, [[Abuja]], Nigeria | Ghana | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |1–1 |2022 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- | align="center" |5 |18 Jenụwarị 2024 |Alassane Ouattara Stadium, Abidjan, Ivory Coast | Ivory Coast | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2023 |- | align="center" |6 |7 Febụwarị 2024 |Stade de la Paix, Bouaké, Ivory Coast | South Africa | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1-1 (e.g.) |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2023 |- | align="center" |7 |11 Febụwarị 2024 |Alassane Ouattara Stadium, Abidjan, Ivory Coast | Ivory Coast | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–2 |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2023 |- | align="center" |8 |10 Ọktoba 2025 |Peter Mokaba Stadium, Polokwane, South Africa | Lesotho | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–1 |2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''PAOK''' * Super League Greece: 2023-24<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazzetta.gr/football/superleague/2335593/paok-4h4-kai-12-4-os-aoytsainter-apo-75-68-ekane-78-80|title=ΠΑΟΚ 4Χ4 και... 1, 2, 4 ως αουτσάιντερ: από 75–68 το έκανε 78–80!|work=Gazzetta|accessdate=19 May 2024|language=el|date=19 May 2024}}</ref> '''Naịjirịa U23''' * Ihe nrite ọla nchara nke Olimpik: 2016 '''Naịjirịa''' * Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport|archivedate=12 February 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212182429/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261}}</ref> nke atọ: 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/football/49022063|title=Africa Cup of Nations third-place play-off – Tunisia 0–1 Nigeria – Live – BBC Sport|publisher=BBC Sport|date=17 July 2019|accessdate=20 July 2019|archivedate=17 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717234341/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/football/49022063}}</ref> '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onye egwuregwu nke asọmpi iko mba Afrịka: 2023<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|date=11 February 2024|title=TotalEnergies CAF AFCON Cote d'Ivoire 2023 Awards|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/totalenergies-caf-afcon-cote-d-ivoire-2023-awards/|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=CAF|language=|archivedate=12 February 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212210051/https://www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/totalenergies-caf-afcon-cote-d-ivoire-2023-awards/}}</ref> * Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2023 <ref>{{Cite web|date=14 February 2024|title=CAF TSG Group releases TotalEnergies CAF Africa Cup of Nation Cote d'Ivoire 2023 Best XI|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/caf-tsg-group-releases-totalenergies-caf-africa-cup-of-nation-cote-d-ivoire-2023-best-xi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214121627/https://www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/caf-tsg-group-releases-totalenergies-caf-africa-cup-of-nation-cote-d-ivoire-2023-best-xi/|archivedate=14 February 2024|accessdate=14 February 2024|work=CAF Online|publisher=Confederation of African Football}}</ref> '''Iwu''' * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-02-13|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=2024-02-24|work=[[BBC News]]|language=en-GB}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[w:|Al Ahli SC (Doha) squad]] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fa4tf2wmssa3t4ounzkcahibqup2rp1 0 75420 692536 632620 2026-07-30T09:38:04Z Sayvhior 13464 Added DEFAULTSORT 692536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatima Talba''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] si Yobe Steeti, Naijiria. Ọ bụ onye otu ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya ugbu ma na-anọchite anya mpaghara Nangere / [[Potiskum]] na 10th National Assembly. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke ndị omeiwu nwanyị nke National Assembly . <ref>{{Cite news|title=How Hon Fatima Talba Is Reshaping Role of Women in Nigerian Politics|url=https://desertherald.ng/how-hon-fatima-talba-is-reshaping-role-of-women-in-nigerian-politics/|accessdate=2024-10-31|language=en-US|work=Desert Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation|url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Talba-Fatima-3934|accessdate=2024-10-31|work=orderpaper.ng}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}}{{Nigerian Senators of the 6th National Assembly}}{{Nigerian Senators of the 10th National Assembly}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Talba, Fatima}} [[Otú:Ȯra Yobe]] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ohf2q5bul0gx50x90kcao57yiogqyfd 0 75480 692444 632746 2026-07-30T05:05:47Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference error 692444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}  '''Ikouwem Udo Utin''' {{Audio|Ig-Ikouwem Udo Utin.ogg|listen}} (amụrụ na 11 n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1999) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ mba ụwa nke na-agba maka klọb Tunisian Marsa dị ka onye na-agbachitere aka ekpe. == Ọrụ klọb == A mụrụ ya na Akwa Ibom Steeti, Udo bidoro ọrụ ya na Alaska Football Academy tupu ọ kwaga Enyimba mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aclsports.com/7549-2/|title=NPFL: Ikouwem Udoh happy with his progress at Enyimba|date=8 December 2017|accessdate=25 July 2018|author=Fisayo Dairo|publisher=ACLSports}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya n'afọ 2017. N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2018 ọ meriri ihe nrite NFF Young Player of the Year.<ref name="NFF">{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nigeria/story/3389912/victor-moses-wins-inaugural-nff-player-of-the-year-award|title=Victor Moses wins inaugural NFF Player of the Year award|date=20 February 2018|accessdate=25 July 2018|author=Dami Ugbane|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2019 ọ bịanyere aka na klọb Israel Maccabi Haifa . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://footballlive.ng/ikouwem-utin-joins-israeli-side-maccabi-haifa/|title=Ikouwem Utin joins Israeli side Maccabi Haifa.|date=5 May 2019|accessdate=5 May 2019|author=Seyi Alao|publisher=Football Live|archivedate=5 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505130401/https://footballlive.ng/ikouwem-utin-joins-israeli-side-maccabi-haifa/}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2020, a gbazinyere ya Bnei Sakhnin ruo na ngwụcha oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.one.co.il/Article/363916.html|title=מתחזקת: מעבר אוטין לסכנין נסגר, ברשצקי חתם|publisher=One|language=Hebrew|first=Doron|author=Ben Dor|date=28 July 2020|accessdate=28 July 2020}}</ref> Na 4 ọnwa Septemba afọ 2021 Udo bịanyere aka na klọb Croatian NK Slaven Belupo . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/sport/israeli-soccer/article/4339567|title=מכבי חיפה: איקוום אוטין עבר לסלאבן בלופו|date=31 August 2021|accessdate=6 September 2022}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == O mere nke mbụ ya na mba [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] n'afọ 2018. == Nsọpụrụ == * 2018 NFF Young Player of the Year<ref name="NFF" /> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] k3qa2bgmb3cwjnm31t4tnar5yi0942s 0 75555 692591 673808 2026-07-30T11:21:06Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692591 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Aline Coutrot.jpg|thumb|Aline Coutrot]]   '''Aline Coutrot''' (17 June 1927 20 Ọktoba 1987) bụ onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke France na ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name="auto1/"> Ọrụ nyocha ya na mbipụta ya lekwasịrị anya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti okpukpe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na narị afọ nke 20, yana ndị ntorobịa na France.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|author=Pomfret|first=David M.|year=2004|title=Young People and the European City: Age Relations in Nottingham and Saint-Etienne, 1890–1940|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZmGAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=21 July 2023|location=Leuven|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-754-60930-8}}</ref> N'afọ 1967, ọ natara Prix Broquette-Gonin (akwụkwọ) Award maka ọrụ ya Religious Forces in French Society . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Aline COUTROT|url=https://www.academie-francaise.fr/aline-coutrot|work=academie-francaise.fr|accessdate=21 July 2023|archivedate=21 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721105040/https://www.academie-francaise.fr/aline-coutrot}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ ya na 17 June 1927 na Paris, Aline Coutrot bụ nwa nwanyị nke Coutrot Jacques (1898 - 1965) na Seringe Georgette (1905 - 1985), ha abụọ si Seine-et-Marne, Northern France.<ref name="auto1" /> Coutrot bụ nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ ise. <ref name="auto1" /> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Collège Sévigné, ụlọ akwụkwọ onwe onye na Paris. O mechara gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya dị elu na Mahadum Sorbonne . N'afọ 1972, ọ ghọrọ osote prọfesọ na Institute of Political Studies na Paris, ebe ọ nọrọ ọrụ ọkachamara ya niile na-akụzi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na okpukpe.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|author=Louise|first=Thérèse|title=COUTROT, Aline|url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article21010|work=maitron.fr|accessdate=21 July 2023|archivedate=21 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721105037/https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article21010}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLouise">Louise, Thérèse. [https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article21010 "COUTROT, Aline"]. ''maitron.fr''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230721105037/https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article21010 Archived] from the original on 21 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> N'afọ 1983, ọ nwetara nzere doctorate na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'okpuru nlekọta nke René Rémond, onye ya na ya bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ nyocha.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hellman|first=John|year=2002|title=Communitarian Third Way: Alexandre Marc and Ordre Nouveau, 1930–2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FktLgT8B2yQC|accessdate=21 July 2023|location=Montreal|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|isbn=978-0-773-52376-0}}</ref> Na ntinye aka ọsụ ụzọ, n'adịghị ka ihe odide ndị ọzọ gbasara mkpokọta ndị ntorobịa lekwasịrị anya na mmegharị nke onye ọ bụla n'oge ahụ, o lere anya n'ụzọ sara mbara banyere mmegharị ntorobịa.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|author=Pomfret|first=David M.|year=2004|title=Young People and the European City: Age Relations in Nottingham and Saint-Etienne, 1890–1940|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZmGAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=21 July 2023|location=Leuven|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-754-60930-8}}</ref> Ọ nyochara ọrụ okpukpe na mmetụta agha na ndị ntorobịa na-arụ na ọha mmadụ na France.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Whitney|first=Susan|date=11 September 2009|title=Mobilizing Youth: Communists and Catholics in Interwar France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_RnlqMaEloC|accessdate=21 July 2023|location=Durham, North Carolina|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-822-39156-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Reynolds|first=Sian|year=1996|title=France Between the Wars: Gender and Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EXDVCuW9xD8C|accessdate=21 July 2023|location=London|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-12736-3}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, dịka Coutrot siri kwuo, JOC enyeghị ndị otu ya ntụzịaka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọ bụla, kama ọ kụziiri ha ụkpụrụ nke ntinye aka na ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze. " <ref>{{Cite book|author=Horn|first=Gerd-Rainer|year=2001|title=Left Catholicism, 1943–1955: Catholics and Society in Western Europe at the Point of Liberation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gkUlNqDNm4C|accessdate=21 July 2023|location=Leuven|publisher=Leuven University Press|isbn=978-9-058-67093-9}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|author=Louise|first=Thérèse|title=COUTROT, Aline|url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article21010|work=maitron.fr|accessdate=21 July 2023|archivedate=21 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721105037/https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article21010}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLouise">Louise, Thérèse. [https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article21010 "COUTROT, Aline"]. ''maitron.fr''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230721105037/https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article21010 Archived] from the original on 21 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ka oge na-aga n'ọrụ ya, o nwere mmasị n'ịmepụta Atomic Energy Commission . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Imlay|first=Talbot C.|date=24 January 2007|title=The Fog of Peace and War Planning: Military and Strategic Planning under Uncertainty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3E5_AgAAQBAJ|accessdate=21 July 2023|location=Oxfordshire|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-21087-9}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ na 20 Ọktoba 1987 na Paris. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] fy12msj89icrj7qqsrrnd0wd6zt02yb 0 75597 692356 673802 2026-07-29T20:32:12Z Chinemeremprince 13026 692356 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Faịlụ:Steenwerck - Forum « Jésus le Messie » 2014 - Annie Laurent - 3.jpg|thumb|Annie Laurent]] '''Annie Laurent''' (amụrụ na June 3, 1949)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11911317v.public|title=Notice de personne|publisher=BNF Catalog|language=fr|accessdate=4 April 2020}}</ref> bụ onye France na-ede akụkọ na onye sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. == Ọrụ == N'afọ 1983, Laurent nwetara nzere masta na iwu mba ụwa, n'afọ 1986, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere doctorate na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Paris II Panthéon-Assas n'okpuru nlekọta nke Pierre-Marie Dupuy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/xslt/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=041300335&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,I250,B341720009+,SY,NLECTEUR+WEBOPC,D2.1,Ebbd721d8-0,A,H,R71.227.117.13,FY|title=SUDOC Annie Laurent|publisher=SUDOC|language=fr|accessdate=4 April 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 1980, Laurent na Renée Conan gbara ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-emegide nuklia na Plogoff ajụjụ ọnụ, wee bipụta akwụkwọ ''Femmes de Plogoff'' n'afọ 1981.<ref> name="plog">/)</ref> N'agbata afọ 1988 na 1992, Laurent dezigharịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Libanoscopie'' na [[Lebanon|Lebanọn]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.capsud-mediterranee.fr/annie-laurent|title=Annie Laurent|publisher=Centre Anthropologique de Provence Sud Méditerranée|language=fr|date=2021|accessdate=20 September 2023}}</ref> [[Pope Benedict XVI|Popu Benedict nke Iri na Isii]] họpụtara ya dịka ọkachamara na ''Synode spécial des évêques pour le Moyen-Orien''t, nke e mere na Rom n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cath.ch/newsf/17-membres-nommes-par-benoit-xvi-et-70-experts-et-auditeurs/|title=Rome : Le Vatican publie les noms des participants au Synode sur le Moyen-Orient|publisher=Catholic Church Switzerland|language=fr|date=5 October 2010|accessdate=3 April 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 2009, o guzobere otu Clarifier, otu ndị Katọlik na-eme ntọghata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/A-Lyon-forum-pour-evangeliser-musulmans-questions-2017-02-07-1200823135|title=À Lyon, un forum pour " évangéliser " les musulmans et des questions|work=La Croix|date=7 February 2017|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=Aleteia|url=https://fr.aleteia.org/2015/12/01/lislam-est-fragile/|title=" L'islam est fragile "|author=Sylvain Dorient|date=1 December 2015|accessdate=4 April 2020}}</ref> Akwụkwọ Laurent bụ ''L'Europe malade de la Turquie'' bụ onye mmeri nke Prix Henry Malherbe n'afo 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.librarything.com/bookaward/Prix+Henry+Malherbe+de+l%27AEC|title=Prix Henry Malherbe|accessdate=4 April 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara == * ''Ụmụ nwanyị nke Plogoff'' (1981)<ref name="plog">{{Cite book|language=fr|author=Renée Conan|title=Femmes de Plogoff|publisher=La Digitale|date=31 January 1981|isbn=978-2-903383-05-3}}<cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRenée_ConanAnnie_Laurent1981">Renée Conan; Annie Laurent (31 January 1981). ''Femmes de Plogoff'' (in French). La Digitale. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-2-903383-05-3|<bdi>978-2-903383-05-3</bdi>]].</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> * ''Na-ebi na Islam? : Echiche Ndị Kraịst banyere okpukpe Muhammad'' (1996) * ''Europe na-arịa ọrịa nke Turkey'' (2005) == Ntụaka == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] m8iggfqopyt22wj64vbn2mbubc0o3gq 0 75710 692576 671263 2026-07-30T10:37:18Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692576 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikike ụmụ nwanyị bụ ụdị nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị nke na-akwado mmeso nhata nke steeti na-emeso ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke n'enweghị ịma aka na enweghị nhata nke ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na okpukpe, na ihe ndị ọzọ nke ọha mmadụ.<ref name="Stanford">{{Cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-liberal/#EquFem|title=Liberal Feminism|publisher=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|date=18 October 2007|accessdate=24 February 2016}} (revised 30 September 2013)</ref><ref name="Black1989">{{Cite book|author=Black|first=Naomi|title=Social feminism|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDYqAAAAYAAJ|year=1989|isbn=9780801422614}}</ref> A tụlere echiche a kemgbe afọ 1980.<ref name="Black1989" /><ref name="Halfmann">{{Cite book|author=Halfmann|first=Jost|chapter=Social change and political mobilization in West Germany|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q83kxhOsgxYC&pg=PA79|editor=Katzenstein|title=Industry and politics in West Germany: toward the Third Republic|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, N.Y|year=1989|isbn=9780801495953|quote=Quote: ''Equity-feminism differs from equality-feminism in the depth and scope of its strategic goals. A feminist revolution would pursue three goals, according to Herrad Schenk:''}} </ref> A kọwapụtara ma kewaa ọdịdị ụmụ nwanyị dịka ụdị ọdịdị ụmụ nwoke nwere nnwere onwe ma ọ bụ nnwere onwe, <ref name="Stanford" /> n'adịghị ka ọdịdị ụmụ nwaanyị nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, <ref name="Halfmann" /> [[Difference feminism|ọdịiche ụmụ nwanyị]], <ref>{{Cite book|title=Women's Movements in the United States: Woman Suffrage, Equal Rights, and Beyond|date=1 September 1990|first=Steven M.|author=Buechler|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9lFXY0kkEwC&pg=PA118|publisher=Rutgers University Press|chapter=3: Ideologies and Visions|quote=Equity feminism, whether liberal, Marxist or socialist, relies on male classifications…Social feminism, whether maternal, cultural or radical, appeals to female values|isbn=9780813515595|url=https://archive.org/details/womensmovementsi0000buec/page/118}}</ref> ụmụ nwanyị, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Feminist Politics on the Farm: Rural Catholic Women in Southern Quebec and Southwestern France|date=16 April 1999|first=Naomi|author=Black|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pdp0if06rRAC&pg=PA200|quote=we found two strands, both of which we wanted to include as political: an equity feminism seeking equal rights…and women's collective action that looked more like a social feminism|chapter=7: Towards a New Analysis|isbn=9780773518285}}</ref> na nha nhata. [3]<ref>{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=QAOUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT672|title=Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge|date=16 April 2004|editor=Kramarae|publisher=[[Routledge]]|quote=There are two dominant strains within the equality debate: "equity feminism" and "difference feminism".|chapter=Equality|isbn=9781135963156}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kuhle|first=Barry X.|title=Evolutionary psychology is compatible with equity feminism, but not with gender feminism: A reply to Eagly and Wood|journal=[[Evolutionary Psychology (journal)|Evolutionary Psychology]]|volume=10|issue=1|pages=39&ndash;43|doi=10.1177/147470491201000104|pmid=22833845|date=January 2012}}<br /><br />See also {{Cite journal|author=Eagly|first=Alice H.|title=Feminism and the evolution of sex differences and similarities|journal=[[Sex Roles (journal)|Sex Roles]]|volume=64|issue=9&ndash;10|pages=758&ndash;767|doi=10.1007/s11199-011-9949-9|date=May 2011}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == The ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' na-ezo aka na Wendy McElroy, Joan Kennedy Taylor, Cathy Young, Rita Simon, Katie Roiphe, Diana Furchtgott-Roth, Christine Stolba, na Christina Hoff Sommers dị ka ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="Stanford" /> Camille Paglia kọwakwara onwe ya dị ka onye na-akwado ikpe ziri ezi.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Paglia|first=Camille|authorlink=Camille Paglia|chapter=The modern battle of the sexes|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=s7MzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT132|title=Free women, free men: sex, gender, feminism|publisher=Canongate Books Ltd|location=Edinburgh|year=2018|isbn=9781786892171|quote=Quote: ''I am an equity feminist - that is, I believe in equality of the sexes before the law and the removal of all obstacles to women's advance in society. However, I oppose special protections for women, which had been sought from the start by some leading feminists... I represent the pro-sex wing of feminism that has turned the tide and that is close to winning the culture wars of the past fifteen years.... And I think that a younger generation of women are no longer in sympathy with the censorious, anti-pleasure wing of feminism.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Rich|title=Who's worse: Camille Paglia, sanctimonious liberals, or my sniveling self? (blog)|url=https://www.thestranger.com/slog/2017/03/22/25032043/whos-worse-camille-paglia-sanctimonious-liberals-or-my-sniveling-self|work=thestranger.com/slog|publisher=[[The Stranger (newspaper)|SLOG]]|date=22 March 2017|accessdate=9 December 2017}}</ref> Christina Sommers, karịsịa, nyochara isiokwu nke ikpe ziri ezi nke ụmụ nwanyị n'akwụkwọ ya bụ Who Stole Feminism? N'ihe odide a, Sommers chịkọtara otu ebumnuche nke ikpe ziri ezi nke ụmụ nwanyị si nweta ohere akụ na ụba, agụmakwụkwọ, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name="LoC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aei.org/events/who-stole-feminism/|date=18 October 2007|accessdate=25 January 2019|title=Who Stole Feminism?}}</ref> Sommers na-azọrọ na ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị kewara n'etiti ụdị abụọ: ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị ziri ezi na ndị na'akwado ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ na-ekwu na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ha abụọ bụ na ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na-elekwasị anya n'ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ ọha na eze dabere na okike, ebe ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na ikpe ziri ezi na-elekkwu anya n'inweta ikpe ziri ezi n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is the Difference Between Gender Feminism and Equity Feminism?|url=http://www.languagehumanities.org/what-is-the-difference-between-gender-feminism-and-equity-feminism.htm|accessdate=2022-10-18|work=Language Humanities|language=en-US}}</ref> Steven Pinker, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ahụ maka evolushọn na ọgụgụ isi, ọkà mmụta asụsụ, na onye edemede sayensị a ma ama, na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka onye na-ahụ n'anya, nke ọ na-akọwara dị ka "ozizi omume ọma banyere mmeso nhata nke na-adịghị eme nkwa ọ bụla gbasara nsogbu ndị a na-ahụ anya na nkà mmụta uche ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ".<ref>{{Cite book|author=Pinker|first=Steven|authorlink=Steven Pinker|chapter=Gender|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3_UAeo8Dh0C&pg=PA510|title=The blank slate: the modern denial of human nature|publisher=Viking|location=New York|year=2002|isbn=9780142003343}}</ref> E meela ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdị ndị na-agbaso omenala na ndị na-eme ihe ike nke ikpe ziri ezi.<ref>{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=NBtwpA46uqQC&pg=PA183|title=Scrutinizing Feminist Epistemology: An Examination of Gender in Science|first=Robert F.|author=Almeder|editor=Pinnick|chapter=Equity Feminism and Academic Feminism|quote=I defend the stronger or more conservative form of equity feminism…I identify these latter more radical forms of equity feminism with academic feminism|date=13 August 2003|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813532271}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ụmụ agbọghọ na-agbaso omenala anabatala ikpe ziri ezi nke ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite book|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc.|title=Gender and Women's Leadership: A Reference Handbook|date=18 August 2010|editor=O'Connor|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3J_3pDNZlkC&pg=PA76|chapter=8: Women's Leadership and Third-Wave Feminism (in Part II: History of Women's Public Leadership, in Volume One)|first=Kathleen|author=Iannello|quote=The concept of equity feminism has taken hold among many younger conservative women|isbn=9781412960830}}</ref> == Ikpe ziri ezi n'ebe ọrụ == "4 Ezi Ways to Equity for Women in Work" na-ekwu na ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị ịmakụ ndị ọrụ ha site n'inye ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa maka onye ọrụ ọ bụla iji mepụta gburugburu ebe ohere nhata. Nkwanye ike ụmụ nwanyị bụ maka imeso nwoke na nwanyị n'otu aka ahụ n'ebe ọrụ n'ihi na e kere ha nhata ma kwesịkwa ka e mesoo ha otú ahụ. Multiverse na-edepụta ihe atụ nke otu ndị na-ewe mmadụ n'ọrụ nwere ike isi gbanwee omume nnye ha n'ọrụ nke na-adịkarị njọ. Ha na-ekwu na mbinye ego kwesịrị ilekwasị anya na nkà nke onye na-achọ ọrụ karịa aha ma ọ bụ ndabere nke onye na-achọ ọrụ, tinye asụsụ dị iche iche na nkọwa ọrụ ha, na-akwụkwa ụmụ nwanyị otu ụgwọ ọrụ ha na-enweta. Ụmụ nwanyị nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ ụmụ nwoke ma ọ bụ ọbụna karịa ụmụ nwoke na nke ọzọ. Ọdịiche dị n'otú e si emeso ụmụ nwanyị n'ụzọ dị iche na ụmụ nwoke jikọtara ya na ihe kpatara na ụlọ ọrụ agaghị atụle ụmụ nwanyị maka ọkwá dị elu. Ịha nhatanha n'ebe ọrụ nwere ike ime ka ụmụ nwanyị na-ekere òkè n'ọkwá dị elu, ma ọ bụrụhaala na eleghara ikike ha anya ma na-akpachapụ anya, ụzọ ndụ a na-ezighị ezi ga-aga n'ihu maka ụmụ nwanyị. Usoro ikpe ziri ezi na-akwadokwa maka ọrụ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu iji belata ibu ụmụ nwanyị ma na-agba mbọ maka nha anya nwoke na nwanyị. == Ndị na-ekwu okwu == Anne-Marie Kinahan na-azọrọ na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị America na-ele ụdị nkwado ụmụ nwanyị nke ebumnuche ya bụ ikpe ziri ezi.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Feminisms and Womanisms: A Women's Studies Reader|date=3 August 2004|editor=Prince|quote=Most American women subscribe philosophically to that older "First Wave" kind of feminism whose main goal is equity… A First Wave, "mainstream," or "equity" feminist wants for women what she wants for everyone…equity feminism has turned out to be a great American success story.|chapter=One: Foundations: Women Who Run from the Wolves: Feminist Critique As Post-Feminism|first=Anne-Marie|author=Kinahan|publisher=Canadian Scholars’ Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjMehSlY9_IC&pg=PA120|isbn=9780889614116}}</ref> Louis Schubert et al. na-azọrọ na "ụkpụrụ nke ikpe ziri ezi nke ụmụ nwanyị ka dị n'ọhụụ nke ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na United States".<ref>{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=to9vCgAAQBAJ&q=equity|quote=The principles of equity feminism remain in the vision of the vast majority of women in the United States.|chapter=13: Civil Rights: Diversifying the Elite: Women's Rights in the United States|title=The Irony of Democracy: An Uncommon Introduction to American Politics|edition=17th|date=2014|first=Louis|author=Schubert|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=9781305537491}}</ref> == United States == Na United States, [[Alice Paul]] na Crystal Eastman, ụmụ nwanyị abụọ nọ na National Woman's Party, sonyere n'ịdepụta Ndezigharị Ikike Ịha nhata, na ebumnuche nke inweta "nchebe iwu site na ịkpa ókè" maka ụmụ nwanyị niile.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 October 2019|title=The Equal Rights Amendment Explained|url=https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/equal-rights-amendment-explained|accessdate=2022-03-16|work=www.brennancenter.org|publisher=Brennan Center for Justice|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alice Paul|url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/alice-paul|accessdate=2022-03-16|work=National Women's History Museum|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ National Woman's Party tụpụtara Ndezigharị Ikike Ọha na 1923. E bu ụzọ chepụta mgbanwe ahụ na Seneca Falls na onye bụbu onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị Agnes Morey duziri ihe omume a n'akụkụ Alice Paul.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 22, 1923|title=Women Adopt Equal Rights Resolution|work=The Buffalo Times}}</ref> N'afọ ahụ, e webatara ya na ndị omeiwu tupu ụlọ omebe iwu US anabata ya na Machị 1972 nke ga-enye ma ụmụ nwanyị ma ụmụ nwoke ikike iwu iji mee ihe ziri ezi.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015|title=The Equal Rights Amendment|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43958572|journal=Women's Studies Quarterly|volume=43|issue=3/4|pages=271|issn=0732-1562}}</ref> Ikpe ziri ezi nke nwanyị bụ ngalaba echiche nwanyị nke na-emepụta usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-akwalite ikike ụmụ nwanyị n'ime ma ọ bụ n'okpuru iwu. Ọgụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na-abụ ebubo ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-arụ ụka na ụmụ nwanyị na ndị ọzọ a na-eche na a na-emegbu emegbu na-agọnarị otu ohere ahụ dị ka ndị ọcha. Ebe ọ bụ na e wepụrụ ERA na 1972, ọgụ maka ikpe ziri ezi anọgidewo na-eto eto na America ma kwadoro iwu ọhụrụ nke ga-echebe ụmụ nwanyị dịka ha nwere ike. Ikpe ziri ezi nke nwanyị dị mkpa n'ihi na ọ na-ekwusi ike na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị otu ikike ahụ. Enweghị nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ọha mmadụ nke na-amata ụmụ nwanyị, ọ ga-emepụta echiche na ụmụ nwanyị dị ala karịa ụmụ nwoke na ha ekwesịghịkwa otu ọgwụgwọ ahụ n'agbanyeghị agụmakwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ọha. Ndezigharị Ikike Ịha nhata na-ekwe nkwa ikike nhata maka ụmụ amaala America niile. Nke a ga-eme ka o doo anya na a ga-arụrịta ụka banyere ọdịiche ọ bụla dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. == Europe == N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, Europe nwere ọnọdụ na-aga n'ihu karịa United States ma a bịa n'ihe gbasara ike ụmụ nwanyị na nha anya nwoke na nwanyị.[1] Ezubere otu dị na Europe iji kwalite ọ bụghị naanị nha anya na ikpe ziri ezi, kamakwa iji dozie ọdịiche ahụ site n'ime ka ndị mmekọ maka ụmụ nwanyị n'ofe kọntinent ahụ. E jiri ya tụnyere European Union, enweghị otu òtù ụmụ nwanyị ọha na United States na-enye ụfọdụ ihe ịma aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka mmegharị ahụ. Ịmekọrịta atụmatụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọrụ bụ otu ụzọ mba Europe si nwee ike ịkwalite ọdịmma nke ikpe ziri ezi na ụmụ nwanyị. * [[Ugboro mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị]] * Nnwere Onwe Ụmụ nwanyị * Nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị * Ịha nhata ụmụ nwanyị * [[Ụmụ nwanyị nwere nnwere onwe (Germany)]] == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t02cdf31oqu7afzymdrwxvbp0uol4n8 1728 75730 692578 639034 2026-07-30T10:39:42Z Adimora chidinma 15845 /* Gallery */ 692578 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="10" style="margin:auto;" |[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] |} [[File:Wikisource Cleanup Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer for the Wikisource Cleanup event in the Igbo Community]] =='''Igbo Wikisource Cleanup Project'''== The Igbo Wikisource Cleanup Project is an initiative focused on improving the quality, organization, and accessibility of texts on Igbo Wikisource ahead of the Wiki Loves Proofreading campaign. The project will bring together experienced editors to identify and fix formatting issues, remove duplicate pages, improve proofreading quality, and properly organize texts across the platform. Through collaborative cleanup activities and quality-focused contributions, the project aims to strengthen the overall structure and readability of Igbo Wikisource while encouraging effective participation, collaboration, and sustainable content maintenance within the Igbo Wikimedia community. == Project timeline == *Project Launch/Physical event - ''' Saturday, 16th May, 2026 **Time - ''' 5:00 PM UTC+1([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone]) *Contest start date - ''' Saturday, 16th May 2028 **Time - ''' 11:00AM ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774692000 Check your local time zone]) *Contest end date - ''' Saturday, 30th, May 2026 **Time - ''' 12:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776466800 Check your local time zone]) ==Project launch details== The launch of this campaign will take a virtual form. *Virtual meeting link: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87224917910?pwd=J0daM9eUuIf1N3qTl8NYGlRdMnqLk7.1 == Facilitators == # [[User:Lebron jay|Lebron jay]] - Project Lead/Trainer # [[User:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] - Co-Lead == Expectations == At the end of this project, the following should be achieved: # Recruit new members into the Igbo Wikimedians User Group # Delete duplicate pages, and books # Proofread pages in the Igbo Wikisource ==To do List== The list below contains index pages that needs to be worked on: # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Igbo_Book_of_Enoch.djvu Index:Igbo Book of Enoch.djvu] # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:English,_Igbo_and_French_Dictionary_by_The_Fathers_of_the_Holy_Ghost.djvu Index:English, Igbo and French Dictionary by The Fathers of the Holy Ghost.djvu] # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:The_Story_of_Ahikar,_the_Grand_Vizier_of_Assyria_-_Igbo.djvu Index:The Story of Ahikar, the Grand Vizier of Assyria - Igbo.djvu] # [https://wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Nkwuputa_uwa_nile_banyere_ikike_mmadu_nwegasiri.djvu Index:Nkwuputa uwa nile banyere ikike mmadu nwegasiri.djvu] == Outcome == == Gallery == {| align=center style="font-family:Optima, Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:auto;" <gallery> </gallery> [[Òtù:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] 1skxp0i0r2o84dp5s8i100i8iuwfyca 0 75762 692281 637746 2026-07-29T18:17:18Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692281 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="6" |ABS FC | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Aha zuru ezu | class="infobox-data" |Klọb bọọlụ Abubakar Bukola Saraki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |2004 dị ka Bukola Babes''Ụmụ ọhụrụ Bukola'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ala | class="infobox-data label" |Kwara State Stadium[[Ilorin]], Nigeria<br />[[Nigeria|Naịjirịa]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ikike | class="infobox-data" |18,000 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Onye isi oche | class="infobox-data" |[[Seni Saraki]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Onye nduzi bọọlụ | class="infobox-data agent" |Alloy Chukwuemeka |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Onye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ | class="infobox-data agent" |Sani Sarduana |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Onye na-akwọ ụgbọ ala | class="infobox-data agent" |[[Solihu Aremu]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | |- | colspan="2" style="padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;" | {| role="presentation" style="width:100%; text-align:center;" | style="padding:0" |<div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;">[[File:Kit_left_arm_blackshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;">[[File:Kit_right_arm_blackshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;">[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #ffc90e;color:inherit;">[[File:Kit_socks_blacktop.png|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;">[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div></div><div style="padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;">'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''</div></div> | style="padding:0" |<div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;">[[File:Kit_left_arm_yellowshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;">[[File:Kit_right_arm_yellowshoulders.png|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;">[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;">[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div></div><div style="padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;">'''[[Away colours|Agba ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ]]'''</div></div> |} |} '''Abubakar Bukola Saraki FC''' bụ otu klọb bọọlụ [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] si [[Ilorin]], Naijiria. A kwalitere ha na Nigeria Premier League na ngwụcha Oge 2009-10. Ha gbara egwuregwu mbụ ha n'ụlọ na Offa na [[Bauchi]] mgbe a na-emezigharị Kwara State Stadium. E rere ha n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2011 wee zụta nke gọvanọ Kwara steeti bụ Bukola Saraki maka narị naira abụọ na iri abụọ na ise, mere ha na JUTH F.C. naanị otu Premier League na-abụghị steeti. N'afọ 2011, a gbanwere aha otu ahụ site na Bukola Babes gaa na ABS (Abubakar Bukola Saraki) FC. N'afọ 2016, ndị otu ahụ laghachiri na Nigeria Professional Football League . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/11/10/28884072/abubakar-bukola-saraki-fc-return-to-nigeria-professional|title=Abubakar Bukola Saraki FC return to Nigeria Professional Football League|author=Ahmadu|first=Samuel|date=2016-11-10|work=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|accessdate=2024-12-24|archivedate=2016-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111151201/https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/11/10/28884072/abubakar-bukola-saraki-fc-return-to-nigeria-professional}}</ref> == Ndị egwuregwu ama ama == * [[Alalade Wasiu]] * [[Adeshina Gata]] * [[Adeleye Tobi Joshua]] * [[Abdulrahman Bashir]] * [[Lordson Ichull]] * [[Effiom Otu Bassey]] * [[Etor Daniel]] * [[Monday Samuel|Mọnde Samuel]] * [[Thomas Zenke]] * [[Abdullahi Oyedele]] * [[Pascal Chimdindu Anorue]] == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/abubakar-bukola-saraki-fc/2247/ Abubakar Bukola Saraki FC] na Global Sports Archive [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] i0184d3mp5bcefse3jg1hd7xj10fvts 0 75812 692475 672089 2026-07-30T08:35:29Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692475 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="6" |Ndị Rọvar Calabar | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Aha zuru ezu | class="infobox-data" |Klọb bọọlụ Calabar Rovers |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |1976 (e guzobere ya ọzọ na 2008) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ala | class="infobox-data label" |[[U. J. Esuene Stadium]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ikike | class="infobox-data" |25,000 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Onye isi oche | class="infobox-data agent" |Maurice Inok |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Onye njikwa | class="infobox-data agent" |[[Bob Osim]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | |- | colspan="2" style="padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;" | {| role="presentation" style="width:100%; text-align:center;" | style="padding:0" |<div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #0000ff;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;">[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;">[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]</div></div><div style="padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;">'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''</div></div> |} |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}[[Calabar]] Rovers Football Club bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria nke dị na Calabar . Ha na-egwu egwuregwu ha na [[U. J. Esuene Stadium]]. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E hiwere klọb ahụ na 1976. <ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Calabar Rovers Football Club|url=https://roversfc.sitesng.com/en_History.html|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=roversfc.sitesng.com|archivedate=2022-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209132045/https://roversfc.sitesng.com/en_History.html}}</ref> Ha bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Ngalaba nke Abụọ nke Naijiria nke e guzobere na 1979. N'okpuru onye nkuzi Brazil bụ Paulo Luiz Campos, ha nabatara ụdị ngwa ngwa ma bulie ha n'ọkwa mgbe ha mechara nke abụọ na 1981. Ha nọrọ n'elu ụgbọ elu ruo ihe dị ka afọ iri tupu e wepụ ha na league dị ala na 1993. N'oge ahụ, ha mere ọkara ikpeazụ Iko FA Cup ugboro abụọ mana ha enwetaghị nnukwu otuto ọ bụla. Egwuregwu ikpeazụ ha bụ mmeri 13-0 na [[Akwa United F.C.|Akwa United]] na August 12, 2006. N'ịbụ ndị a mara ikpe ịlaghachi na Njikọ Amateur nke Nigeria, Rovers nwere ndị egwuregwu atọ a chụpụrụ na mgbawa nke nyere Akwa ohere ka a kwalite ya na Premier League site na ọdịiche dị iche iche nke otu. Rovers, n'aka nke ọzọ, gbasara mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị. === Ịlaghachi na Njikọ Naijiria === N'ime ọnwa Mee 2008, gọọmentị Cross River steeti kwupụtara atụmatụ ịtụte ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ site na nkwụsịtụ site na nkwado ụlọ ọrụ. Site na nkwado nke United Cement Company (UNICEM), ha bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwado na Dankat FC nke Kano maka nde naira iri na abụọ ka ha gwuo na 2008–09 Nigerian Premier League. Ebe ọ bụ na klọb ahụ na Dankat nwetakwara otu egwuregwu, ha na-egwu oge mbụ ha na Northern Division A. UNICEM gbara ọgbakọ ahụ maka oge ise na-esote. Maka akụkụ nke oge 2009, ha na-egwuri egwu na Uzo Township Stadium mgbe a na-arụzi Stadium Esuene maka 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup. == Ndị njikwa == * [[W: |Dorian Marin]] (2017-19) * [[Bob Osim]] (2019-) == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080417205915/http://www.brasileiroslafora.com.br/paulocampos.html Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị Paulo Campos] (echekwara na 17 Eprel 2008) * Calabar Rovers atụmatụ ịlọghachi (echekwara 31 Ọgọst 2021) * [http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/sports/article20//indexn3_html?pdate=090708&ptitle=Rovers%20FC%20resurrects%20as%20Unicem-Rovers%20FC&cpdate=090708 Rovers FC bilitere dị ka Unicem-Rovers FC] * [http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/sports/article20//indexn3_html?pdate=010908&ptitle=Rovers%20will%20bounce%20back,%20says%20Osim&cpdate=010908 Rovers ga-alaghachi azụ, Osim na-ekwu]  * "Anyị kwesịrị isi ihe"-Rovers (echekwara 22 February 2013) * [http://www.pioneerng.com/article.php?title=Unicem_Rovers_Defeat_Mighty_Jets&id=3303 UNICEM Rovers meriri Mighty Jets] [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] nami7y4b6n0r5dtjdaw23hbsa9eet6n 0 75813 692529 672090 2026-07-30T09:32:22Z Adimora chidinma 15845 removed broken files 692529 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="6" |Doma United | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Aha zuru ezu | class="infobox-data" |Doma United Football Club |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Aha njirimara | class="infobox-data nickname" |''Agụ Savannah'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |1994 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ala | class="infobox-data label" |[[Pantami Stadium|Ogige Egwuregwu Pantami]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ikike | class="infobox-data" |12,000 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Onye nwe ya | class="infobox-data" |Suleiman Umar |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |[[Nigeria Premier League|Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |[[2023–24 Nigeria Professional Football League|2023–24]] | class="infobox-data" |Nke iri na asatọ n'ime iri abụọ (nke e wepụrụ) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |domaunitedfc.com |}  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}'''Doma United Football Club''' bụ klọb bọọlụ Naijiria nke dị na mpaghara Doma na [[Gombe]] . Kemgbe ọ nwetara nkwalite na 2022, klọb ahụ na-egwu na Nigeria Premier League . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Doma United Reaffirm its commitment to playing in next season's NPFL|url=https://www.nigfooty.com/2022/07/doma-united-reaffirm-its-commitment-to.html|accessdate=2023-06-08|archivedate=2023-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526213911/https://www.nigfooty.com/2022/07/doma-united-reaffirm-its-commitment-to.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Azubuike|first=Chima|date=2022-12-31|title=NPFL: Doma not pushovers, insists owner Umar|url=https://punchng.com/npfl-doma-not-pushovers-insists-owner-umar/|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=[[The Punch]]|language=}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E hiwere klọb ahụ na 1994 wee nọrọ ọtụtụ oge na asọmpi ndị dị ala tupu ọ nweta nkwalite na Premier League na 2022. Ha gụchara 5th na Group B na oge izizi ha n'ọkwa elu, na-efunarị na super six. == Ndị otu dị ugbu a == Ndepụta ndị otu maka oge 2023-24. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://domaunitedfc.com/first-team-players|title=First team players|work=domaunitedfc|accessdate=8 June 2023|archivedate=17 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717054204/https://domaunitedfc.com/first-team-players/}}</ref> [[w:|Nigerian premier League]] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.flashscore.com.ng/team/doma-united/Eq7PxH3d/results/ Nsonaazụ Doma United FC] - nsonaazụ dị ugbu a nke egwuregwu Doma United FC [[Otú:Ȯra Gombe]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] t6cre9avkpka76twi8derddg5oeplrx 0 75821 692438 637893 2026-07-30T04:37:55Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference error 692438 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  '''Ikechukwu Gabriel''' bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]] . <ref name="one">{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5higILudjvQjK7xs_Ctf0WveZRuDg?docId=36a4f96e-8a36-4a4d-9a80-6a094bf2bf28|title=Nigeria name final squad for 2014 CHAN|accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2014, onye nkuzi [[Stephen Keshi]], kpọrọ ya ka a tinye ya na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu Naịjirịa 23]] maka 2014 African Nations Championship. <ref name="one" /><ref name="asdfafd">{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/5720/2014-african-nations-championship/2014/01/01/4514155/nigeria-announce-23-man-chan-squad|title=Nigeria announce 23-man CHAN squad|publisher=goal.com|accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> O nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka imeri Zimbabwe n'ọkwa nke atọ site na ọkpụ goolu atọ.<ref name="afsadfa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/41111/nigeria-beat-zimbabwe-to-win-chan-bronze|title=Nigeria win Chan bronze|publisher=kickoff.com|accessdate=10 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609041355/http://www.kickoff.com/news/41111/nigeria-beat-zimbabwe-to-win-chan-bronze|archivedate=9 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="asdfa">{{Cite news|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/sports/chan-2014-eagles-win-bronze/|title=CHAN 2014: Eagles win bronze|accessdate=10 February 2014|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] m8ffky6mmjcyl5eebusg7wy7odwtni5 0 75987 692489 674164 2026-07-30T08:57:21Z Anastesia chi 23720 Default sort and added databox 692489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Gabriel Chukwuwunzo Melkam''' (amụrụ na 13 Machị 1980) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-azụ aka ekpe ma ọ bụ onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti. == Ọrụ klọb == N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, a machibidoro Melkam egwuregwu atọ ma rie ya ego ruru RMB 5000 maka omume rụrụ arụ maka igosi na "Onyeikpe niile nke Chinese Super League bụ ndị aghụghọ" n'uwe elu ya mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị megide Henan Jianye, iji megwara mmejọ dị njọ nke onye ọkaikpe mere n'egwuregwu Xiamen Lanshi megide Shanghai Shenhua. Melkam gafere na Guangzhou Evergrande na 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sports.sina.com.cn/j/2010-01-15/04104790586.shtml|language=Chinese|date=15 January 2010|publisher=sina.com.cn|accessdate=12 August 2012}}</ref> O mere China League One mbụ ya maka Guangzhou megide Beijing BIT na 3 Eprel. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Melkam mechara bụrụ onye nke abụọ na 1999 African Youth Championship na onye nke anọ na 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship. A gụnyere Melkam na ndị otu Naijiria maka [[2006 FIFA World Cup]] qualifier na Zimbabwe na 5 Septemba. Njikọ ahụ gosipụtara nke mbụ nke onye na-agbachitere Hansa Rostock n'oge ahụ bụ Melkam, onye fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịnọ n'otu ebe na 2004 nke Naịjirịa Cup of Nations. == Ndụ onwe onye == Nwanne Melkam nke obere Innocent Melkam gbara bọọlụ na obere egwuregwu Germany. == Nsọpụrụ == '''Guangzhou Evergrande''' * China League One: 2010<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sports.sina.com.cn/b/2010-04-03/17064920443.shtml|title=中甲最新积分榜:恒大稳胜摘联赛桂冠 南京有有降级|work=sports.sina.com.cn|date=3 April 2010|accessdate=6 August 2019}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Gabriel Melkamna WorldFootball.net {{DEFAULTSORT:Melkam, Gabriel}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qyw1dvpnyxm2il1hjte6db2ahjnpfng 0 76140 692108 674605 2026-07-29T17:47:42Z Neme244 16387 added DEFAULTSORT and Databox 692108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Felix Chimaokwu''' {{Audio|Ig-Felix Chimaokwu.ogg|Listen}} (amụrụ na 7 Nọvemba 1985) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ n'ihu. Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Mohammedan Sporting na I-League, <ref>{{Cite web|first=Amoy|author=Ghoshal|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/67969/east-bengal-vs-mohd-sp/report|title=Federation Cup: East Bengal 1-1 Mohammedan Sporting - Red & Gold Brigade Held After Unconvincing Display|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029051716/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/67969/east-bengal-vs-mohd-sp/report|archivedate=29 October 2011|work=www.goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=17 September 2011|accessdate=25 December 2013}}</ref>ma mechaa gbaa bọọlụ n'òtù I-League bụ Churchill Brothers SC. Chimaokwu na onye otu egwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa bụ Odafe Onyeka Okolie tinyere aka n'ịgba bọọlụ nke ọma ma merie iko mbụ nke I-League maka Churchill Brothers. == Nsọpụrụ == '''Calcutta FC (CC&FC) ''' * Iko Azụmaahịa: 2004<ref>{{Cite web|first=Arunava|author=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2004traderscup.html|title="Khadims" Traders Cup 2004|work=indianfootball.de|date=2004|accessdate=27 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718222559/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2004traderscup.html|archivedate=18 July 2017}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * https://web.archive.org/web/20091112220954/http://www.goal.com/en-india/people/nicaragua/25456/felix-chimaokwu E debere ya na Wayback Machine {{DEFAULTSORT:Chimaokwu, Felix}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] akmfj9zme6up8ysrqf5f63w6m1eq4ue 1728 76892 692390 689670 2026-07-29T22:41:04Z Sayvhior 13464 /* See also */ improved 692390 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="10" style="margin:auto;" |[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] |} [[{{{2|File:Voices in our Hands Kids in Sign Spaces Flier.png}}}|center|500px]] '''Voices in Our Hands: Kids in Sign Spaces''', aligning with the Wikimedia Foundation’s [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy 2030 Movement Strategy] on inclusivity, will be an interesting inclusive documentation project where we will engage Nigerian audio impaired children to create a digital archive of '''Nigerian Sign Language''' (NSL) through photography and videography. This project will also address the critical under-documentation of indigenous sign languages by engaging pupils and students of '''''[https://myspotfinder.com/schools/madonna-school-for-children-with-special-needs-okpanam-oshimili-north/ Madonna School for Children with Special Needs, Okpanam, Delta state]''''' to capture, annotate, and preserve Nigerian Sign Language vocabulary using the [[Wikimedia Commons]]. By centering these hearing impaired children as both contributors and beneficiaries, this project will also advance linguistic preservation, promote Deaf inclusion, and will also generate an open-access resource to support education, accessibility, and policy development for Nigeria’s signing communities. == Project Timeline == *Photo/Video Shoot- ''' Thursday 9th July 2026 **Time - ''' 10:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) *Event Day- ''' Sunday 12th July 2026 **Time - ''' 1:00PM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) ==Expectations== At the end of this project the following expectations should be met: #Participants will own a global Wikimedia user account to assist in contributing to open knowledge. #New contributors will learn the basics of uploading photos and videos to Wikimedia Commons. #A picture and video archive of about 80 Nigerian Sign Language media will be created. ==Outcome== This project brought about the following positive outcomes; * '''Creating a digitalNigerian Sign Language archive''': Through the contributions of these volunteers, a total of '''232''' Commons upload about [https://w.wiki/SJSQ The Nigerian Sign Language] was created and '''11.1k''' valuable edits were made on Wikimedia Commons. * '''Fostering community growth''' : This Project have increased our community by bringing in '''7''' new young learners and volunteers, with a total number of '''26''' registered participants on the dashboard. * '''Improved Volunteer retention''': Participants who are part of the newly growing community in this part of Nigeria were taught a new Wikimedia project and were carried along. ==Photo speaks== <gallery> File:Voices in our Hands Kids in Sign Spaces Flier.png File:Group photograph of Student participants for Kids in Sign Spaces project.jpg File:Facilitators and students for the Kids in Sign Spaces project.jpg File:Kids in Sign Spaces facilitator with the upload participants.jpg File:Kids in Sign Spaces participants during discussion and upload session.jpg File:Qr code embedded poster for publicity.png </gallery> ==See also== [https://w.wiki/SJSQ Category:The Nigerian Sign Language] [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ig/2026/07/29/voices-in-our-hands-how-nigerian-kids-are-documenting-nigerian-sign-language-for-the-world/ Diff Blog Post [[Òtù:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] jibgsicrv5i8o0ty22zxmt8mxp6h5uc 692391 692390 2026-07-29T22:41:41Z Sayvhior 13464 /* See also */ 692391 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="10" style="margin:auto;" |[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] |} [[{{{2|File:Voices in our Hands Kids in Sign Spaces Flier.png}}}|center|500px]] '''Voices in Our Hands: Kids in Sign Spaces''', aligning with the Wikimedia Foundation’s [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy 2030 Movement Strategy] on inclusivity, will be an interesting inclusive documentation project where we will engage Nigerian audio impaired children to create a digital archive of '''Nigerian Sign Language''' (NSL) through photography and videography. This project will also address the critical under-documentation of indigenous sign languages by engaging pupils and students of '''''[https://myspotfinder.com/schools/madonna-school-for-children-with-special-needs-okpanam-oshimili-north/ Madonna School for Children with Special Needs, Okpanam, Delta state]''''' to capture, annotate, and preserve Nigerian Sign Language vocabulary using the [[Wikimedia Commons]]. By centering these hearing impaired children as both contributors and beneficiaries, this project will also advance linguistic preservation, promote Deaf inclusion, and will also generate an open-access resource to support education, accessibility, and policy development for Nigeria’s signing communities. == Project Timeline == *Photo/Video Shoot- ''' Thursday 9th July 2026 **Time - ''' 10:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) *Event Day- ''' Sunday 12th July 2026 **Time - ''' 1:00PM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) ==Expectations== At the end of this project the following expectations should be met: #Participants will own a global Wikimedia user account to assist in contributing to open knowledge. #New contributors will learn the basics of uploading photos and videos to Wikimedia Commons. #A picture and video archive of about 80 Nigerian Sign Language media will be created. ==Outcome== This project brought about the following positive outcomes; * '''Creating a digitalNigerian Sign Language archive''': Through the contributions of these volunteers, a total of '''232''' Commons upload about [https://w.wiki/SJSQ The Nigerian Sign Language] was created and '''11.1k''' valuable edits were made on Wikimedia Commons. * '''Fostering community growth''' : This Project have increased our community by bringing in '''7''' new young learners and volunteers, with a total number of '''26''' registered participants on the dashboard. * '''Improved Volunteer retention''': Participants who are part of the newly growing community in this part of Nigeria were taught a new Wikimedia project and were carried along. ==Photo speaks== <gallery> File:Voices in our Hands Kids in Sign Spaces Flier.png File:Group photograph of Student participants for Kids in Sign Spaces project.jpg File:Facilitators and students for the Kids in Sign Spaces project.jpg File:Kids in Sign Spaces facilitator with the upload participants.jpg File:Kids in Sign Spaces participants during discussion and upload session.jpg File:Qr code embedded poster for publicity.png </gallery> ==See also== *[https://w.wiki/SJSQ Category:The Nigerian Sign Language] *[https://diff.wikimedia.org/ig/2026/07/29/voices-in-our-hands-how-nigerian-kids-are-documenting-nigerian-sign-language-for-the-world/ Diff Blog Post] [[Òtù:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] nomp3uha2ud9e3u4qtxg8tkoszh2ds2 692392 692391 2026-07-29T22:43:14Z Sayvhior 13464 /* Outcome */ 692392 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="10" style="margin:auto;" |[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] |} [[{{{2|File:Voices in our Hands Kids in Sign Spaces Flier.png}}}|center|500px]] '''Voices in Our Hands: Kids in Sign Spaces''', aligning with the Wikimedia Foundation’s [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy 2030 Movement Strategy] on inclusivity, will be an interesting inclusive documentation project where we will engage Nigerian audio impaired children to create a digital archive of '''Nigerian Sign Language''' (NSL) through photography and videography. This project will also address the critical under-documentation of indigenous sign languages by engaging pupils and students of '''''[https://myspotfinder.com/schools/madonna-school-for-children-with-special-needs-okpanam-oshimili-north/ Madonna School for Children with Special Needs, Okpanam, Delta state]''''' to capture, annotate, and preserve Nigerian Sign Language vocabulary using the [[Wikimedia Commons]]. By centering these hearing impaired children as both contributors and beneficiaries, this project will also advance linguistic preservation, promote Deaf inclusion, and will also generate an open-access resource to support education, accessibility, and policy development for Nigeria’s signing communities. == Project Timeline == *Photo/Video Shoot- ''' Thursday 9th July 2026 **Time - ''' 10:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) *Event Day- ''' Sunday 12th July 2026 **Time - ''' 1:00PM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) ==Expectations== At the end of this project the following expectations should be met: #Participants will own a global Wikimedia user account to assist in contributing to open knowledge. #New contributors will learn the basics of uploading photos and videos to Wikimedia Commons. #A picture and video archive of about 80 Nigerian Sign Language media will be created. ==Outcome== This project brought about the following positive outcomes; * '''Creating a Digital Nigerian Sign Language archive''': Through the contributions of these volunteers, a total of '''232''' Commons upload about [https://w.wiki/SJSQ The Nigerian Sign Language] was created and '''11.1k''' valuable edits were made on Wikimedia Commons. * '''Fostering community growth''' : This Project have increased our community by bringing in '''7''' new young learners and volunteers, with a total number of '''26''' registered participants on the dashboard. * '''Improved Volunteer retention''': Participants who are part of the newly growing community in this part of Nigeria were taught a new Wikimedia project and were carried along. ==Photo speaks== <gallery> File:Voices in our Hands Kids in Sign Spaces Flier.png File:Group photograph of Student participants for Kids in Sign Spaces project.jpg File:Facilitators and students for the Kids in Sign Spaces project.jpg File:Kids in Sign Spaces facilitator with the upload participants.jpg File:Kids in Sign Spaces participants during discussion and upload session.jpg File:Qr code embedded poster for publicity.png </gallery> ==See also== *[https://w.wiki/SJSQ Category:The Nigerian Sign Language] *[https://diff.wikimedia.org/ig/2026/07/29/voices-in-our-hands-how-nigerian-kids-are-documenting-nigerian-sign-language-for-the-world/ Diff Blog Post] [[Òtù:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] 5lm7dxdzg2pv38fqeli9qrdamxx3idc 0 76919 692571 687420 2026-07-30T10:25:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist|30em}}'''Dysprosium''' bụ ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ; ọ nwere akara Dy na atomic nọmba 66. Ọ bụ ihe na-adịghi ahukebe n'ụwa n'Usoro lanthanide nke nwere ọla ọcha. A naghị ahụ Dysprosium n'okike dịka ihe nweere onwe ya, ọ bụ ezie na, dị ka lanthanides ndị ọzọ, a na-ahụ ya na mineral dị iche iche, dịka xenotime. Dysprosium na-apụta n'okike nwere isotopes asaa, nke kachasị n'ime ha bụ ¹⁶⁴. Dysprosium bụ nke mbụ Paul Émile Lecoq nke Boisbaudran chọpụtara n'afọ 1886, mana ewepụghị ya n'ụdị dị ọcha rụọ mgbe mmepe nke usoro mgbanwe ion na 1950s. A na-eji Dysprosium emepụta magnet neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) , nke dị oke mkpa maka injin ụgbọ ala eletrik na ọrụ dị irè nke turbines ikuku.<ref name="SFA">{{Cite web|title=Navigating the Dysprosium Market|url=https://www.sfa-oxford.com/rare-earths-and-minor-metals/rare-earths-elements/dysprosium-market-and-dysprosium-price-drivers/|work=SFA Oxford|accessdate=24 April 2025}}</ref> A na-eji ya eme ihe maka oke okpomọkụ neutron absorption cross-section n'ime njikwa njikwa na reactors nuklia, maka nnukwu magnetic susceptibility ya ({{Érèkọbalà|χ{{sub|''v''}} ≈ {{val|5.44|e=-3}}}}) na ngwa nchekwa data, yana dịka akụkụ nke Terfenol-D (ihe magnetostrictive). Mmiri nnu dysprosium a na-agbaze agbaze nwere obere nsí, ebe a na-ewere nnu ndị a na-adịghị agbaze dị ka ndị na-enweghị nsí. == Ihe ndị e ji mara ya == === Ihe onwunwe === [[Faịlụ:Dysprosium.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe nlele nke dysprosium]] Dysprosium bụ ihe dị ụkọ n'ụwa ma nwee ọla, ọlaọcha na-egbuke egbuke. Ọ dị nro ma nwee ike ịkpụpụta ya n'enweghị ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na a zere oke okpomọkụ. Ọdịdị anụ ahụ nke Dysprosium nwere ike imetụta ya nke ukwuu ọbụna obere ihe na-adịghị ọcha.<ref name="CRC">{{Cite book|editor=Lide, David R.|chapter=Dysprosium|year=2007–2008|title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|location=New York|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-8493-0488-0}}</ref> Dysprosium na holmium nwere ike magnetik kachasị elu nke ihe ndị ahụ, <ref name="nbb"/> karịsịa na okpomọkụ dị ala. <ref name="krebs">{{Cite book|title=The History and Use of our Earth's Chemical Elements|author=Krebs, Robert E.|chapter=Dysprosium|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyuseofoure00kreb/page/234 234–235]|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-313-30123-0|chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/historyuseofoure00kreb|url=https://archive.org/details/historyuseofoure00kreb/page/234}}</ref> Dysprosium nwere usoro ferromagnetic dị mfe na okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru Okpomọkụ Curie ya nke 90.5 , ebe ọ na-agafe mgbanwe nke mbụ site na orthorhombic crystal structure gaa na hexagonal close-packed (hcp). Mgbe ahụ, ọ nwere ọnọdụ antiferromagnetic helical, nke oge magnetik atọm niile dị n'otu ala dị n'akụkụ ma na-eche ihu n'otu akụkụ na oge nke ọkwa ndị dị n'okpuru. antiferromagnetism a na-adịghị ahụkebe na-agbanwe n'ọnọdụ aghara aghara (paramagnetic) na 179 K (−94 . <ref>{{Cite journal|journal=IRM Quarterly|year=2000|volume=10|issue=3|author=Jackson, Mike|url=http://www.irm.umn.edu/quarterly/irmq10-3.pdf|title=Wherefore Gadolinium? Magnetism of the Rare Earths|accessdate=2009-05-03}}</ref> Ọ na-agbanwe site na mpaghara hcp gaa na mpaghara cubic nke dị n'etiti ahụ na 1,654 . <ref name="Arblaster 2018"> === Ihe ndị e ji eme ya === Dysprosium metal na-ejigide ọkụ ya na ikuku kpọrọ nkụ, mana ọ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emebi ikuku. Ọ na-ere ọkụ ngwa ngwa iji mepụta dysprosium (III) oxide: : 4 Dy + ₃ O₂ → ₂ Dy2O3 Dysprosium bụ nnọọ electropositive na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emeghachi omume na mmiri oyi (na ngwa ngwa na mmiri ọkụ) na-etolite dysprosium hydroxide: : ₂ Dy (s) + 6 H₂ (l) → 2 Dy (OH) ₃ (aq) + 3 H2 (g) Dysprosium hydroxide na-agbaze iji mepụta DyO (OH) na elu okpomọkụ, nke mgbe ahụ na-agbaji ọzọ na dysprosium (III) oxide.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092583881202052X|doi=10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.11.068|pages=333–337|title=Controlled synthesis and characterization of large-scale, uniform sheet-shaped dysprosium hydroxide nanosquares by hydrothermal method|volume=553|journal=Journal of Alloys and Compounds|date=March 2013|issn=0925-8388|accessdate=2018-06-13|author=Junyang Jin, Yaru Ni, Wenjuan Huang, Chunhua Lu, Zhongzi Xu}}</ref> Dysprosium metal na-emeghachi omume n'ụzọ siri ike na halogens niile n'elu 200 °C: &nbsp;  : ₂ Dy (s) + ₃ F2 (g) → 2 DyF3 (s) [akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ] : ₂ Dy (s) + ₃ Cl2 (g) → 2 DyCl3 (s) [acha ọcha] : ₂ Dy (s) + ₃ Br2 (l) → 2 DyBr3 (s) [acha ọcha] : ₂ Dy (s) + ₃ I2 (g) → 2 DyI3 (s) [akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ] Dysprosium na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na dilute 9" href="./Sulfuric_acid" id="mwng" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid iji mepụta ihe ngwọta nwere ion Dy (III) odo, nke dị dịka [Dy (OH₂) 9]³⁺ mgbagwoju anya: <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webelements.com/dysprosium/chemistry.html|title=Chemical reactions of Dysprosium|publisher=Webelements|accessdate=2012-08-16|archivedate=2021-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116191014/https://webelements.com/dysprosium/chemistry.html}}</ref> : ₂ Dy (s) + 3 H₂₄ (aq) → 2 Dy³⁺ (aq) + 3 SO2−4 (aq). Ngwakọta a na-emepụta, dysprosium (III) sulfate, bụ paramagnetic doro anya. === Ihe ndị mejupụtara === [[Faịlụ:Dysprosium(III)_sulfate_octahydrate.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|2" href="./Dysprosium_sulfate" id="mwtA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dysprosium sulfate">Dysprosium sulfate, Dy2 (SO₄) ₃]] Dysprosium halides, dịka DyF<nowiki><sub id="mwvA">3</sub></nowiki> na DyBr<nowiki><sub id="mwvg">3</sub></nowiki>, na-enwekarị ụcha odo. Dysprosium oxide, nke a makwaara dị ka dysprosia, bụ ntụ ọcha nke nwere ike magnetik nke ukwuu, karịa iron oxide.<ref name="krebs"/> 7" href="./Dysprosium_monosulfide" id="mwyg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dysprosium monosulfide">DyS na-ejikọta ya na ihe dị iche iche na-abụghị ọla na okpomọkụ dị elu iji mepụta ngwakọta abụọ nwere ọdịdị dịgasị iche iche na ọnọdụ oxidation +_₃ na mgbe ụfọdụ +_{_{_₂}}, dịka DyN, DyP, DyH2 na DyH₃; DyS, DyS2, Dy2S<nowiki><sub id="mwzg">3</sub></nowiki> na Dy₅; DyB2, DyB₄, DyB₆ na DyB₁₂, yana Dy3C na Dy2C3.<ref name="patnaik">{{Cite book|author=Patnaik|first=Pradyot|year=2003|title=Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds|publisher=McGraw-Hill|pages=289–290|isbn=978-0-07-049439-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xqj-TTzkvTEC&pg=PA243|accessdate=2009-06-06}}</ref> Dysprosium carbonate, Dy₂(CO₃)₃, na dysprosium sulfate, Dy₂(SO₄)₃,sitere na mmeghachi omume ndị yiri ya.<ref name="heiserman">{{Cite book|title=Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds|author=Heiserman, David L.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/exploringchemica01heis/page/236 236]–238|publisher=TAB Books|isbn=978-0-8306-3018-9|year=1992|url=https://archive.org/details/exploringchemica01heis}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ogige dysprosium na-agbaze na mmiri, ọ bụ ezie na dysprosium carbonate tetrahydrate (Dy2 (CO3) 3 · 4H2O) nadysprosium oxalate decahydrate (Dy2 (C2O4) 3 · 10H2O) bụ ihe na-adịghị edozi na mmiri..<ref name="perry">{{Cite book|title=Handbook of Inorganic Compounds|author=Perry, D. L.|pages=152–154|year=1995|isbn=978-0-8493-8671-8|publisher=CRC Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Zur Kenntnis der Verbindungen des Dysprosiums|pages=1274–1280|first=G.|author=Jantsch|doi=10.1002/cber.19110440215|journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft|volume=44|issue=2|year=1911|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1426439}}</ref> Abụọ nke kasị ukwuu dysprosium carbonates, Dy2 (CO3) 3 · 2-3H2O (yiri mineral tengerite- (Y)), na DyCO3 (OH) (yiri mineral kozoite- (La) na kozoite (Nd)), na-mara na-etolite site a emezighituri nyere iwu (amorphous) precursor na-adọ na a usoro nke 32 (CO3). Nke a amorphous precursor nwere nanoparticles nke okirikiri mmiri nwere mmiri dị ukwuu nke dayameta 10–20 nm bụ nke kwụsiri ike n'okpuru ọgwụgwọ akọrọ na gburugburu na oke okpomọkụ.[.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vallina, B., Rodriguez-Blanco, J.D., Brown, A.P., Blanco, J.A. and Benning, L.G.|year=2013|title=Amorphous dysprosium carbonate: characterization, stability and crystallization pathways|journal=Journal of Nanoparticle Research|volume=15|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s11051-013-1438-3}}</ref> Dysprosium na-emepụta ọtụtụ intermetallics, gụnyere dysprosium stannides.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Okamoto|first=H.|date=2005-04-01|title=Dy-Sn (Dysprosium-Tin)|url=http://www.ingentaselect.com/rpsv/cgi-bin/cgi?ini=xref&body=linker&reqdoi=10.1361/15477030523247|journal=Journal of Phase Equilibria & Diffusion|language=en|volume=26|issue=2|pages=200–202|doi=10.1361/15477030523247}}</ref> === Isotopes === Dysprosium na-apụta n'okike nwere isotopes asaa: ¹⁵⁶, ¹⁵⁸, ¹⁶⁰, ¹⁶¹, ¹⁶², ¹⁶³, na ¹⁶⁴. A na-ewere ihe ndị a niile dịka ndị kwụsiri ike, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị abụọ ikpeazụ kwụsiri oke: ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịnwe alpha decay. N'ime isotopes ndị na-apụta n'okike, ¹⁶⁴ bụ nke kachasị na 28%, ¹⁶² na-esote na 26%; nke kachasị dị ụkọ bụ ¹⁵⁶ na 0.06%.[7] Dysprosium bụ ihe kachasị arọ iji nwee isotopes ndị kwụsiri ike karịa naanị isotopes kwụsiri oke nke a na-ebu amụma na ha ga-abụ radiation. E mepụtara iri abụọ na itoolu radioisotopes, na-agbanwe n'ịdị arọ nke atọm site n'afọ 138 ruo afọ 173. Nke kachasị kwụsie ike n'ime ndị a bụ ¹⁵⁴<nowiki>, nke nwere ọkara ndụ nke 1.40 " data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"e","href":"./Template:E"},"params":{"1":{"wt":""}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwASs" style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em" typeof="mw:Transclusion">× 106 afọ, </nowiki>¹⁵⁹ sochiri ya na ọkara ndụ ya nke ụbọchị 144.4. Dịka iwu n'ozuzu, isotopes ndị dị arọ karịa isotopes kwụsiri ike na-emebi site na β + decay, ọ bụ ezie na ¹⁵⁴ na-eme ka ọ daa site na alpha emission na ¹⁵² na ¹⁵⁹ naanị site na electron capture, ebe ndị dị arịrịọ na-emepe site na β− decay.[7] Dysprosium nwekwara ma ọ dịkarịa ala 11 metastable isomers, na-agbanwe na atomic mass site na 140 ruo 165. Nke kachasị kwụsie ike n'ime ndị a bụ ^165m, nke nwere ọkara ndụ nke nkeji 1.257.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'afọ 1878, a chọpụtara na erbium ore nwere oxides nke holmium na thulium. Onye France na-emepụta kemịkal Paul Émile Lecoq nke Boisbaudran, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na holmium oxide, kewara [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= dysprosium_oxide" id="mwAUY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dysprosium oxide">dysprosium oxide] na ya na Paris na 1886. <ref name="DeKosky">{{Cite journal|title=Spectroscopy and the Elements in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Work of Sir William Crookes|first=Robert K.|author=DeKosky|journal=The British Journal for the History of Science|volume=6|issue=4|date=1973|pages=400–423|doi=10.1017/S0007087400012553}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Comptes Rendus|volume=143|pages=1003–1006|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3058f/f1001.chemindefer|title=L'holmine (ou terre X de M Soret) contient au moins deux radicaux métallique (Holminia contains at least two metal)|language=fr|year=1886|author=de Boisbaudran, Paul Émile Lecoq}}</ref> Usoro ya maka ikewapụ dysprosium gụnyere ịgbaze dysprosius oxide na acid, wee gbakwunye ammonia iji mee ka hydroxide dị. O nwere ike ike ikewapụ dysprosium site na oxide ya mgbe ihe karịrị mgbalị 30 na usoro ya. Mgbe ọ gara nke ọma, ọ kpọrọ ihe dysprosium site na Greek dysprositos (δυσπρόσιτος), nke pụtara "ike siri ike inweta". E wepụghị ihe ahụ n'ụdị dị ọcha ruo mgbe Frank Spedding mepụtara usoro Mgbanwe ion na Mahadum steeti Iowa na mbido afọ 1950.<ref name="nbb"/><ref name="Weeks">{{Cite book|author=Weeks|first=Mary Elvira|title=The discovery of the elements|date=1956|publisher=Journal of Chemical Education|location=Easton, PA|url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftheel002045mbp|edition=6th}}</ref> Due to its role in permanent magnets used for wind turbines, it has been argued  that dysprosium will be one of the main objects of geopolitical competition in a world running on renewable energy. But this perspective has been criticised for failing to recognise that most wind turbines do not use permanent magnets and for underestimating the power of economic incentives for expanded production.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Overland|first=Indra|date=2019-03-01|title=The geopolitics of renewable energy: Debunking four emerging myths|journal=Energy Research & Social Science|volume=49|pages=36–40|doi=10.1016/j.erss.2018.10.018|issn=2214-6296}}</ref><ref name="Klinger">{{Cite book|author=Klinger|first=Julie Michelle|title=Rare earth frontiers: from terrestrial subsoils to lunar landscapes|date=2017|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY|isbn=978-1-5017-1460-3}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, e nwetara Bose-Einstein condensate nke Dy atọms nke mbụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lu|first=Mingwu|date=October 2011|title=Strongly Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate of Dysprosium|url=https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.190401|journal=Physical Review Letters|language=en|volume=107|issue=19|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.190401|pmid=22181585}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, a gbanwere Dy ka ọ bụrụ gas supersolid nke nwere akụkụ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Norcia|first=Matthew A.|date=August 2021|title=Two-dimensional supersolidity in a dipolar quantum gas|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03725-7|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=596|issue=7872|pages=357–361|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03725-7|pmid=34408330|issn=1476-4687}}</ref> == Ihe mere == [[Faịlụ:Xenotímio1.jpeg|thumb|Xenotime]] Ọ bụ ezie na dysprosium adịghị mgbe a hụrụ ya dịka ihe efu, a na-ahụ ya n'ọtụtụ mineral, gụnyere xenotime, fergusonite, gadolinite, euxenite, polycrase, blomstrandine, monazite na bastnäsite, mgbe mgbe na erbium na holmium ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị ụkọ n'ụwa. Enweghị mineral dysprosium-dominant (ya bụ, na dysprosius na-achịkwa ala ndị ọzọ dị ụkọ n'ihe mejupụtara ya) achọtala.<ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/|title=Mindat.org|author=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy|date=1993–2018|work=www.mindat.org|accessdate=14 January 2018}}</ref> Na ụdị dị elu nke ndị a, dysprosium bụ nke kachasị n'ime lanthanides dị arọ, nke nwere ihe ruru 7-8% nke concentrate (ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe dịka 65% maka yttrium).<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals|year=2008|volume=49|issue=1|pages=14–22|title=Review of the World Market of Rare-Earth Metals|first=A. V.|author=Naumov|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227326809|doi=10.1007/s11981-008-1004-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths|first=C. K.|author=Gupta|publisher=CRC Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-415-33340-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0Bte_XhzoAC}}</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Dy na mkpo ụwa bụ ihe dịka 5.2 mg / kg na mmiri oké osimiri 0.9 ng / L.<ref name="patnaik"/>&nbsp;&nbsp; == Mmepụta == A na-enweta Dysprosium karịsịa site na ájá monazite, ngwakọta nke phosphate dị iche iche. A na-enweta ọla ahụ dịka ihe a na-emepụta na mmepụta ahịa nke 3" href="./Yttrium" id="mwAZ4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yttrium">yttrium. N'iwepụ dysprosium, enwere ike iwepụ ọtụtụ n'ime ọla ndị a na-achọghị site na magnet ma ọ bụ site na usoro flotation. Enwere ike ikewapụ Dysprosium na ọla ndị ọzọ dị ụkọ site na usoro Mgbanwe ion. Ions dysprosium ndị na-esi na ya apụta nwere ike imeghachi omume na Fluorine ma ọ bụ chlorine iji mepụta dysprosium fluoride, DyF₃, ma ọ bụ dysprosium chloride, DyCl3. Enwere ike ibelata ngwakọta ndị a site na iji ma ọ bụ calcium ma ọ bụ lithium metals na mmeghachi omume ndị a: <ref name="heiserman"/> : ₃ Ca + ₂ DyF3 → 2 Dy + 3 CaF2 : ₃ Li + DyCl3 → Dy + 3 LiCl About 3100 tonnes of dysprosium were produced worldwide in 2021, with 40% of that total produced in China, 31% in Myanmar, and 20% in Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raw Materials Profiles - Dysprosium|url=https://rmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/rmp/Dysprosium|year=2021|accessdate=2025-02-05}}</ref> Dysprosium prices have climbed over time, from $7 per pound in 2003, to $130 a pound in late 2010,<ref name="Bradsher, Keith">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/30/business/global/30smuggle.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&emc=eta1|title=In China, Illegal Rare Earth Mines Face Crackdown|author=Bradsher, Keith|work=The New York Times|date=December 29, 2010}}</ref> to $1,400/kg in 2011 and then falling to $240/kg in 2015, largely due to illegal production in China which circumvented government restrictions. {{As of|2025|4}} the price is around US$203/kg.<ref name="smm-price">{{Cite web|title=Dysprosium Oxide Price, USD/kg|url=https://www.metal.com/en/prices/201102250247|work=Shanghai Metal Market|accessdate=6 April 2025|archivedate=6 April 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406014645/https://www.metal.com/en/prices/201102250247}}</ref> Currently, most dysprosium is being obtained from the ion-adsorption clay ores of southern China.<ref name="China rare">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/26/business/global/26rare.html|title=Earth-Friendly Elements, Mined Destructively|work=The New York Times|author=Bradsher|first=Keith|date=December 25, 2009}}</ref> {{As of|2018|11}} the Browns Range Project pilot plant, 160&nbsp;km south east of Halls Creek, Western Australia, is producing 50 tonnes (49 long tons) per annum.<ref name="abc-net-au2018-11-30-rare-earth">{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2018-11-30/rare-earth-mineral-find-to-boost-electric-vehicle-sector/10562460|title=Rare earth mineral discovery set to make Australia a major player in electric vehicle supply chain|author=Major|first=Tom|date=30 November 2018|work=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=30 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Australia rare">{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/rural/content/2011/s3377547.htm|title=Halls Creek turning into a hub for rare earths|author=Brann|first=Matt|date=November 27, 2011}}</ref> Dị ka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ike na United States si kwuo, ọtụtụ ihe eji eme ya ugbu a na ihe a na-atụ anya ya, tinyere enweghị ihe ọ bụla kwesịrị ekwesị, na-eme ka dysprosium bụrụ otu ihe kachasị njọ maka teknụzụ ike dị ọcha; ọbụna atụmatụ ha kachasị echebara echiche buru amụma na dysprosius ga-ada mbà tupu afọ . Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2015, e nwere ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe (gụnyere dysprosium) na Australia. == Ngwa == A na-eji Dysprosium, na njikọ ya na vanadium na ihe ndị ọzọ, n'ime ihe laser na ọkụ azụmahịa. N'ihi oke okpomọkụ nke dysprosium, a na-eji dysprosiam-oxide-nickel cermets eme ihe na njikwa njikwa neutron na reactors nuklia.<ref name="nbb">{{Cite book|author=Emsley|first=John|title=Nature's Building Blocks|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|location=Oxford|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j-Xu07p3cKwC&pg=PA131|pages=129–132|isbn=978-0-19-850341-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Development of Dysprosium Titanate Based Ceramics|first=Sinha|author=Amit|journal=Journal of the American Ceramic Society|volume=88|issue=4|year=2005|pages=1064–1066|doi=10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00211.x}}</ref> Dysprosium-cadmium chalcogenides bụ isi iyi nke radiation infrared, nke bara uru maka ịmụ mgbanwe kemịkal.<ref name="CRC"/> N'ihi na dysprosium na ihe ndị mejupụtara ya nwere ike ịnweta magnetization, a na-eji ha eme ihe na ngwa nchekwa data dị iche iche, dịka na diski ike.<ref name="lagowski">{{Cite book|title=Chemistry Foundations and Applications|editor=Lagowski, J. J.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chemistryfoundat0000unse/page/267 267–268]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-02-865724-0|publisher=Thomson Gale|url=https://archive.org/details/chemistryfoundat0000unse/page/267}}</ref> Dysprosium na-arịwanye elu maka magnet ndị na-adịgide adịgide eji eme ihe na moto eletrik na ndị na-emepụta ikuku. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/business/autos/dyspro-what-why-an-obscure-element-has-the-ev-industry-in-a-panic-70623bf4?mod=hp_featst_pos4|title=Dyspro-what? Why an Obscure Element Has the EV Industry in a Panic|first=Sean|author=McLain|work=WSJ|date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref name="MIT-TechRev">{{Cite web|author=Bourzac|first=Katherine|title=The Rare Earth Crisis|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/423730/the-rare-earth-crisis/|publisher=MIT Technology Review|date=19 April 2011|accessdate=18 June 2016}}</ref> Magnet Neodymium-iron-boron nwere ike ịnwe ihe ruru 6% nke neodymium dochie anya dysprosium <ref>{{Cite journal|journal=IEEE Transactions on Magnetics|title=Modeling of magnetic properties of heat treated Dy-doped NdFeB particles bonded in isotropic and anisotropic arrangements|author=Shi|first=Fang, X.|year=1998|volume=34|issue=4|pages=1291–1293|doi=10.1109/20.706525|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1232140}}</ref> iji bulie coercivity maka ngwa siri ike, dị ka motors na-akwọ ụgbọala maka ụgbọala eletrik na generators maka turbines ifufe. Mgbanwe a ga-achọ ihe ruru 100 gram nke dysprosium kwa ụgbọ ala eletrik emepụtara. Dabere na Toyota na-atụ anya nde 2 kwa afọ, ojiji nke dysprosium na ngwa ndị dị ka nke a ga-eme ka ngwa ngwa gwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Supply and Demand, Part 2|first=Peter|author=Campbell|publisher=Princeton Electro-Technology, Inc.|date=February 2008|url=http://www.magnetweb.com/Col05.htm|accessdate=2008-11-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604005700/http://www.magnetweb.com/Col05.htm|archivedate=June 4, 2008}}</ref> Mgbanwe dysprosium nwekwara ike ịba uru na ngwa ndị ọzọ n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka nguzogide corrosion nke magnet dị mma.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials|volume=283|issue=2–3|year=2004|pages=353–356|doi=10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.06.006|title=Effects of Dy and Nb on the magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of sintered NdFeB|first=L. Q.|author=Yu}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; Dysprosium bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị mejupụtara Terfenol-D, tinyere ígwè na terbium. Terfenol-D nwere magnetostriction kachasị elu nke ihe ọ bụla a maara, <ref name="etrema">{{Cite web|title=What is Terfenol-D?|url=http://etrema-usa.com/core/terfenold/|publisher=ETREMA Products, Inc.|year=2003|accessdate=2008-11-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510114041/http://etrema-usa.com/core/terfenold/|archivedate=2015-05-10}}</ref> nke a na-eji na transducers, nnukwu band mechanical resonators, <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Wide Band Tunable Mechanical Resonator Employing the Δ''E'' Effect of Terfenol-D|author=Kellogg, Rick|journal=Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures|volume=15|issue=5|pages=355–368|date=May 2004|doi=10.1177/1045389X04040649}}</ref> na injectors mmiri-fuel dị elu.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Take Terfenol-D and call me|author=Leavitt, Wendy|journal=Fleet Owner|volume=95|issue=2|date=February 2000|url=http://fleetowner.com/mag/fleet_terfenold_call|accessdate=2008-11-06}}</ref> A na-eji Dysprosium eme ihe na dosimeters maka ịlele radiation ionizing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stanfordmaterials.com/blog/dysprosium-properties-and-applications.html|title=Dysprosium: Properties and Applications|author=Loewen|first=Eric|work=Standford Advanced Materials|accessdate=Sep 15, 2024}}</ref> A na-etinye kristal nke calcium sulfate ma ọ bụ calcium fluoride na dysprosium. Mgbe a na-ekpughe kristal ndị a na radiation, atọm dysprosium na-akpali akpali ma na-enwu gbaa. Enwere ike ịlele [[luminescence]]" id="mwAj4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Luminescent">luminescent iji chọpụta ogo nke ikpughe nke dosimeter.<ref name="nbb"/> Nanofibers nke dysprosium compounds nwere ike dị elu na nnukwu ebe dị elu. Ya mere, enwere ike iji ha mee ka ihe ndị ọzọ sie ike ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali. Enwere ike ịmepụta eriri nke dysprosium oxide fluoride site na ikpo ọkụ mmiri nke DyBr₃ na NaF rụọ 450 °C na 450 bars maka awa 17. Ihe a siri ike nke ukwuu, na-adị ndụ ihe karịrị 100 awa na mmiri dị iche iche na okpomọkụ karịrị 400 °C na-enweghị redissolving ma ọ bụ aggregate. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pnl.gov/supercriticalfluid/tech_oxidation.stm|title=Supercritical Water Oxidation/Synthesis|publisher=Pacific Northwest National Laboratory|accessdate=2009-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420144601/http://www.pnl.gov/supercriticalfluid/tech_oxidation.stm|archivedate=2008-04-20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://availabletechnologies.pnl.gov/technology.asp?id=152|title=Rare Earth Oxide Fluoride: Ceramic Nano-particles via a Hydrothermal Method|publisher=Pacific Northwest National Laboratory|accessdate=2009-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527103533/http://availabletechnologies.pnl.gov/technology.asp?id=152|archivedate=2010-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Unusual dysprosium ceramic nano-fiber growth in a supercritical aqueous solution|author=Hoffman, M. M.|journal=J. Mater. Sci.|volume=35|year=2000|doi=10.1023/A:1004875413406|issue=16}}</ref> Na Mgbakwunye, nke a, ejirila dysprosium mepụta ihe siri ike abụọ na gburugburu ụlọ nyocha. A na-atụ anya na supersolid ga-egosipụta ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, gụnyere superfluidity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/first-2d-supersolid.html|title=Physicists give weird new phase of matter an extra dimension|publisher=Live Science|date=18 August 2021|accessdate=18 August 2021}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A na-eji Dysprosium iodide na dysprosium bromide mee ihe n'ime oriọna dị elu nke metal-halide. Ngwakọta ndị a na-ekewa n'akụkụ etiti ọkụ nke oriọna ahụ, na-ahapụ atọm dysprosium dịpụrụ adịpụ. Nke ikpeazụ na-ewepụta ìhè n'akụkụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọbara ọbara nke spectrum, si otú a na-emepụta ìhè na-egbuke egbuke.<ref name="nbb"/><ref name="gray">{{Cite book|title=The Elements|author=Gray, Theodore|pages=[https://archive.org/details/elementsvisualex0000gray/page/152 152–153]|year=2009|isbn=978-1-57912-814-2|publisher=Black Dog and Leventhal Publishers|url=https://archive.org/details/elementsvisualex0000gray/page/152}}</ref> Ọtụtụ paramagnetic crystal nnu nke dysprosium (dysprosium gallium garnet, DGG; dysprosius aluminium garnet, DAG; dys Prosium iron garnet, DyIG) eme ihe na friji adiabatic demagnetization. A mụọla trivalent dysprosium ion (Dy³⁺) n'ihi njirimara luminescence ya na-agbada. Dy-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Dy:YAG) nwere obi ụtọ na mpaghara ultraviolet nke electromagnetic spectrum na-eme ka mmepụta nke photons nke ogologo oge na mpaghara a na-ahụ anya. Echiche a bụ ihe ndabere maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke UV-pumped white light-emitting diodes.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Carreira|first=J. F. C.|title=YAG:Dy – Based single white light emitting phosphor produced by solution combustion synthesis|journal=Journal of Luminescence|date=2017|volume=183|pages=251–258|doi=10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.11.017}}</ref> Isotopes kwụsiri ike nke dysprosium ka agbazela laser cooled wee kpọchie ya na ọnyà magneto-optical traps<ref name="DyMOT">{{Cite journal|author=Lu|first=M.|date=2010|title=Trapping Ultracold Dysprosium: A Highly Magnetic Gas for Dipolar Physics|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=104|issue=6|doi=10.1103/physrevlett.104.063001|pmid=20366817}}</ref> maka nnwale [[Quantum mechanics|quantum physics]] . Nke mbụ Bose na Fermi quantum degenerate gases nke open shell lanthanide mepere emepe ka ejiri dysprosium mebere.<ref name="DyBec">{{Cite journal|author=Lu|first=M.|date=2011|title=Strongly Dipolar Bose–Einstein Condensate of Dysprosium|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=107|issue=19|doi=10.1103/physrevlett.107.190401|pmid=22181585}}</ref><ref name="DyFermi">{{Cite journal|author=Lu|first=M.|date=2012|title=Quantum Degenerate Dipolar Fermi Gas|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=108|issue=21|doi=10.1103/physrevlett.108.215301|pmid=23003275}}</ref> N'ihi na dysprosium bụ nnukwu magnetik-n'ezie ọ bụ ihe ndọta fermionic kachasị na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kechie ya na terbium maka ọtụtụ atom bosonic <ref name="NIST">{{Cite journal|author=Martin|first=W C|title=Atomic energy levels - the rare earth elements.|date=January 1978|url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6507735|accessdate=2023-03-11}}</ref> gasị ndị dị otú ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe ndabere maka quantum simulation siri ike dipolar na atoms.<ref name="DipolarRev">{{Cite journal|author=Chomaz|first=L.|date=2022|title=Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases|journal=Rep. Prog. Phys.|volume=86|issue=2|doi=10.1088/1361-6633/aca814|pmid=36583342}}</ref> N'ihi ihe ndọta ya siri ike, a na-eji alloys dysprosium eme ihe na usoro ụgbọ mmiri na-eme ka ụda (SONAR). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stanfordmaterials.com/blog/lanthanide.html|title=What Are the Lanthanide Series?|author=Lowen|first=Eric|work=Stanford Advanced Materials|accessdate=Aug 2, 2024}}</ref> Ntinye nke alloys dysprosium na imewe nke SONAR transducers na ndị nata nwere ike imeziwanye mmetụta na izi ezi site n'inye ebe magnetik siri ike ma dị irè.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Charles Sherman, John Butler|year=2007|title=Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound|publisher=Springer New York|chapter=Chapter 2 - Electroacoustic Transduction|isbn=978-0-387-33139-3}}</ref> == Nlezianya == Dika ọtụtụ ntụ ntụ, dysprosium ntụ ntụ nwere ike inye ihe egwu mgbawa mgbe a gwakọtara ya na ikuku na mgbe ihe na-enye ọkụ dị. A pụkwara iji ọkụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ ọkụ eletrik na-eguzogide ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke na-egbochi ihe ahụ. A pụghị iji mmiri gbanyụọ ọkụ Dysprosium. Ọ nwere ike imeghachi omume na mmiri iji mepụta gas Hydrogen na-ere ọkụ.<sup class="mw-ref reference" mwasi="">3<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;publisher<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Electronic Space Products International<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;2008-10-20<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;archive-url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20150922145520/http://www.espi-metals.com/msds%27s/Dysprosium.htm&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;archive-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2015-09-22&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}</nowiki>]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwBjY\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt255\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"CITEREFDierks,_Steve200₃\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Dierks, Steve (January 2003). <nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-ESPI_68-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Dysprosium#cite_note-ESPI-68 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Enwere ike iji mmiri gbanyụọ ọkụ Dysprosium chloride.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dysprosium Chloride|work=Material Safety Data Sheets|url=http://www.espi-metals.com/msds%27s/Dysprosium%20Chloride.htm|author=Dierks, Steve|date=January 1995|publisher=Electronic Space Products International|accessdate=2008-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922145520/http://www.espi-metals.com/msds%27s/Dysprosium%20Chloride.htm|archivedate=2015-09-22}}</ref> Dysprosium fluoride na dysprosium oxide anaghị ere ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dysprosium Fluoride|work=Material Safety Data Sheets|url=http://www.espi-metals.com/msds%27s/Dysprosium%20Fluoride.htm|author=Dierks, Steve|date=December 1995|publisher=Electronic Space Products International|accessdate=2008-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922145520/http://www.espi-metals.com/msds%27s/Dysprosium%20Fluoride.htm|archivedate=2015-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dysprosium Oxide|work=Material Safety Data Sheets|url=http://www.espi-metals.com/msds%27s/Dysprosium%20Oxide.htm|author=Dierks, Steve|date=November 1988|publisher=Electronic Space Products International|accessdate=2008-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922145520/http://www.espi-metals.com/msds%27s/Dysprosium%20Oxide.htm|archivedate=2015-09-22}}</ref> Dysprosium nitrate, Dy (NO3) 3, bụ ihe na-emeputa ike na-eme ka ọ dị ike ma na-agbanye ngwa ngwa kọntatị na ihe ndị dị ndụ.<ref name="krebs"/> Nnu dysprosium soluble, dịka dysprosium chloride na dysprosium nitrate na-adi egbu mgbe a na-eri ya. Dabere na nsị nke dysprosium chloride na ụmụ oke, a na-eme atụmatụ na iri gram 500 ma ọ bụ karịa nwere ike igbu mmadụ (cf. ọgwụ na-egbu egbu nke gram 300 nke nnu table maka mmadụ 100 kilogram). Mmanụ a na-adịghị agbaze agbaze anaghị egbu egbu.<ref name="nbb"/>&nbsp; == Hụkwa == * Lanthanide * Ihe ndị dị ụkọ n'ụwa * Magnet nke Neodymium * Terfenol-D * Monazite * Akụkụ F == Ebensibịa == [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] m3fwnwdb36mgz6ir2nqlqe69a4klxr1 1728 76958 692462 689575 2026-07-30T08:15:06Z Celetex 13524 692462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == Focus == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == Timeline == * 26th June – 31st July 2026 == Venue == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == Work List == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List] == Outreach Dashboard == https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti ==Gallery== [[File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg|thumb|Training session by organizer]] [[File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg|thumb|Experienced editor in action]] [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] l43mu7ccvq6sti7fof1pp2mgfhh3t22 692466 692462 2026-07-30T08:29:06Z Celetex 13524 /* Gallery */ 692466 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == Focus == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == Timeline == * 26th June – 31st July 2026 == Venue == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == Work List == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List] == Outreach Dashboard == https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] 41ms24rggl020d2xrdlyzfpawyskqsc 692467 692466 2026-07-30T08:29:48Z Celetex 13524 /* Work List */ 692467 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == Focus == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == Timeline == * 26th June – 31st July 2026 == Venue == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == '''Work List''' == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List] == Outreach Dashboard == https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] ogn1cee3k7ycc7upy61f7lplyc6849n 692468 692467 2026-07-30T08:30:52Z Celetex 13524 /* Timeline */ 692468 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == Focus == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == '''Timeline''' == * 26th June – 10th August 2026 == Venue == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == '''Work List''' == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List] == Outreach Dashboard == https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] 34t67gmtprxmodl06zxgtays29f6dbb 692469 692468 2026-07-30T08:31:25Z Celetex 13524 /* Outreach Dashboard */ 692469 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == Focus == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == '''Timeline''' == * 26th June – 10th August 2026 == Venue == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == '''Work List''' == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List] == '''Outreach Dashboard''' == https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] ac3nki96uqtvi8zag8w1ebw5nsdlo0i 692470 692469 2026-07-30T08:32:04Z Celetex 13524 /* Focus */ 692470 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == '''Focus''' == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == '''Timeline''' == * 26th June – 10th August 2026 == Venue == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == '''Work List''' == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List] == '''Outreach Dashboard''' == https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] 06ip0cwtxysfiom5xsutqdz66p34c2z 692472 692470 2026-07-30T08:32:28Z Celetex 13524 /* Venue */ 692472 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == '''Focus''' == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == '''Timeline''' == * 26th June – 10th August 2026 == '''Venue''' == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == '''Work List''' == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List] == '''Outreach Dashboard''' == https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] s23lmnztyhhtpb19yv0sd6rbj50vmku 692540 692472 2026-07-30T09:40:26Z Celetex 13524 692540 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == '''Focus''' == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == '''Timeline''' == * 26th June – 10th August 2026 == '''Venue''' == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == '''Work List''' == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List] =='''Outcome'''== '''Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary''' was a Wikimedia project organized by the Igbo Wikimedians User Group to improve Igbo-language content on Wiktionary by documenting dialectal variations (Olumba) of Igbo words.The project was held on ''' 25th July 2026''' at ''' Kenneth Dike Digital Library, Aroma Awka'''. It recorded a physical training session with the project focused on creating and improving entries with regional spellings and usage examples from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abịrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). The project engaged 33 editors, who collectively created 41 new pages, edited 235 existing pages, and made a total number of 569 edits on Igbo Wiktionary. [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti \Dashboard] == '''Outreach Dashboard''' == https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] frr675g6ocudvs4w70xfhh5jx7aemml 692543 692540 2026-07-30T09:42:03Z Celetex 13524 /* Work List */ 692543 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == '''Focus''' == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == '''Timeline''' == * 26th June – 10th August 2026 == '''Venue''' == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == '''Work List''' == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List /Worklist] =='''Outcome'''== '''Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary''' was a Wikimedia project organized by the Igbo Wikimedians User Group to improve Igbo-language content on Wiktionary by documenting dialectal variations (Olumba) of Igbo words.The project was held on ''' 25th July 2026''' at ''' Kenneth Dike Digital Library, Aroma Awka'''. It recorded a physical training session with the project focused on creating and improving entries with regional spellings and usage examples from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abịrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). The project engaged 33 editors, who collectively created 41 new pages, edited 235 existing pages, and made a total number of 569 edits on Igbo Wiktionary. [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti \Dashboard] == '''Outreach Dashboard''' == https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] 5jguyk89s2m3igrnwwdmp38v3oaokkd 692548 692543 2026-07-30T09:44:45Z Celetex 13524 /* Outcome */ 692548 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == '''Focus''' == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == '''Timeline''' == * 26th June – 10th August 2026 == '''Venue''' == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == '''Work List''' == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List /Worklist] =='''Outcome'''== '''Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary''' was a Wikimedia project organized by the Igbo Wikimedians User Group to improve Igbo-language content on Wiktionary by documenting dialectal variations (Olumba) of Igbo words.The project was held on ''' 25th July 2026''' at ''' Kenneth Dike Digital Library, Aroma Awka'''. It recorded a physical training session with the project focused on creating and improving entries with regional spellings and usage examples from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abịrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). The project engaged 33 editors, who collectively created 41 new pages, edited 235 existing pages, and made a total number of 569 edits on Igbo Wiktionary. == '''Outreach Dashboard''' == https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] 8zuehdlwmhcgxljgkywau6gsh3aycc0 692549 692548 2026-07-30T09:45:37Z Celetex 13524 /* Outreach Dashboard */ 692549 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == '''Focus''' == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == '''Timeline''' == * 26th June – 10th August 2026 == '''Venue''' == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == '''Work List''' == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List /Worklist] =='''Outcome'''== '''Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary''' was a Wikimedia project organized by the Igbo Wikimedians User Group to improve Igbo-language content on Wiktionary by documenting dialectal variations (Olumba) of Igbo words.The project was held on ''' 25th July 2026''' at ''' Kenneth Dike Digital Library, Aroma Awka'''. It recorded a physical training session with the project focused on creating and improving entries with regional spellings and usage examples from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abịrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). The project engaged 33 editors, who collectively created 41 new pages, edited 235 existing pages, and made a total number of 569 edits on Igbo Wiktionary. == '''Outreach Dashboard''' == [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti /Dashboard] =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] tbkf8pb66i8v0lhykny5we6b4ud29gc 692554 692549 2026-07-30T09:49:10Z Celetex 13524 692554 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == '''Focus''' == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == '''Timeline''' == * 26th June – 10th August 2026 == '''Venue''' == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == '''Work List''' == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List /Worklist] =='''Outcome'''== '''Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary''' was a Wikimedia project organized by the Igbo Wikimedians User Group to improve Igbo-language content on Wiktionary by documenting dialectal variations (Olumba) of Igbo words.The project was held on ''' 25th July 2026''' at ''' Kenneth Dike Digital Library, Aroma Awka'''. It recorded a physical training session with the project focused on creating and improving entries with regional spellings and usage examples from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abịrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). The project engaged 33 editors, who collectively created 41 new pages, edited 235 existing pages, and made a total number of 569 edits on Igbo Wiktionary. =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> == '''Outreach Dashboard''' == [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti /Dashboard] [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] ppo9s06o9qzbxcd42ou43onp3j3y4h7 692588 692554 2026-07-30T11:05:17Z Celetex 13524 /* Outcome */ 692588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer for dialectal Variations project]] Igbo Wiktionary already has numerous entries, but many still lack proper dialectal variations (Olumba), regional usage examples, and standardization across dialects. This project aims to improve the completeness and quality of Igbo Wiktionary entries by focusing on creating and standardizing dialectal variations of Igbo words. Through the active participation of experienced editors, the project will document variations from major dialects such as Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). This is essential to ensure that Igbo speakers, researchers, and linguists have access to more accurate, inclusive, and representative linguistic resources. == '''Focus''' == This project will focus primarily on creating new entries and improving existing ones on Igbo Wiktionary with special emphasis on dialectal variations. These improvements will include: * Adding and expanding Olumba (Dialectal Variations) sections with regional spellings and example sentences * Documenting variations from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo) * Adding relevant usage examples from different dialects * Standardizing the presentation of dialectal information '''Note:''' This project is not a contest-based project. == '''Timeline''' == * 26th June – 10th August 2026 == '''Venue''' == Kenneth Dike Library, Awka, Anambra State == '''Work List''' == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Projects/Dialectal_Variations_Igbo_Wiktionary_2026#Work_List /Worklist] =='''Outcome'''== '''Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary''' was a Wikimedia project organized by the Igbo Wikimedians User Group to improve Igbo-language content on Wiktionary by documenting dialectal variations (Olumba) of Igbo words.The project was held on ''' 25th July 2026''' at ''' Kenneth Dike Digital Library, Aroma Awka'''. It recorded a physical training session with the project focused on creating and improving entries with regional spellings and usage examples from Anambra (Nnewi, Awka, Onitsha), Imo (Owerri), Enugu (Nsukka), Abia (Abịrịba), and Ebonyi (Afikpo). The project engaged 33 editors, who collectively created 41 new pages, edited 235 existing pages, and made a total number of 569 edits on Igbo Wiktionary. [https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ot%C3%BA:Olumba_Igbo_project Category link] =='''Gallery'''== <gallery> File:Dialect Standardization project flyer.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 2.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 3.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 4.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 5.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 6.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 7.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 8.jpg File:Dialectal Variation 9.jpg File:Dialectal Variation Group picture.jpg </gallery> == '''Outreach Dashboard''' == [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group/Creating_and_Standardizing_Dialectal_Variations_of_Igbo_Words_on_Igbo_Wikti /Dashboard] [[Otú:Mmemme]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] ht9hmvt0fxitrmnmaemlrbz6vnhw0kz 0 77141 692396 674352 2026-07-29T22:50:49Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Added default sort and databox 692396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fasuwa Abayomi Johnson''' nke a na-akpọkwa '''Yomi-FAJ''', bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye ọchụnta ego Naijiria, onye na-eje ozi dị ka onye kọmishọna gọọmentị etiti nke na-anọchite anya Ogun Steeti na Naijiria National Population Commission. <ref name=":0" /> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Fasuwa Abayomi Johnson na Ododeyo, Ijebu North-East, Ogun Steeti, Naịjirịa. Ọ gara St. Michael Primary School, Ododeyo maka agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya, wee gaa Deyo Tuwo Comprehensive High School maka agụmakọta sekọndrị ya. Johnson gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya dị elu na [[Mahadum Olabisi Onabanjo|Mahadum Ogun State (nke bụzi Mahadum Onabanjo, Ago Iwoye)]] , ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere na Geography na Regional Planning n'afọ 1998. N'afọ 2004, o nwetara nzere Master of Science na Geography na Mahadum Ibadan. Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya ma n'afọ 2012 nweta [[Master nke Nchịkwa Azụmaahịa|Master of Business Administration (MBA)]] na Mahadum Ladoke Akintola, ọkachamara na ahịa. N'afọ 2020, Johnson malitere PhD ya na Geography na Environmental Management na Tai Solarin University of Education, na-elekwasị anya na Climate Change na River Basin Management.<ref>{{Cite web|author=hamzat|date=2018-08-30|title="I'm In Politics To Spread Joy" ...Ogun Assembly Hopeful, FAJ|url=https://globalexcellenceonline.com/im-in-politics-to-spread-joy-ogun-assembly-hopeful-faj/|accessdate=2024-10-07|work=Global Excellence Online|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007110833/https://globalexcellenceonline.com/im-in-politics-to-spread-joy-ogun-assembly-hopeful-faj/}}</ref> nke o mechiri n'afọ 2024. == Ọrụ == === Ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ === Johnson malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ na ndụmọdụ, ngwa ngwa ndị ahịa (FMCG), na ngwá eletrọniki.<ref name=":1" /> Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Akintola Williams Deloitte n'afọ 2003, ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ, tupu ọ gaa n'ụlọ ọrụ Nigerian Bottling Company, ebe o tinyere aka n'ahịa na ire ngwaahịa Coca-Cola. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ sonyeere FrieslandCampina, ebe ọ jere ozi dị ka Onye njikwa ahịa dị elu maka ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi Peak nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka Onye njikwa ahịa mba maka Royal Philips Netherlands, ọkwa o ji site na afọ 2013 ruo afọ 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2018-08-29|title=WHY I AM LEAVING MY BUSINESS FOR POLITICS – Fasuwa Abayomi Johnson|url=https://www.societyreporters.com/why-i-am-leaving-my-business-for-politics-fasuwa-abayomi-johnson/|accessdate=2024-10-07|work=SocietyReporters {{!}} Welcome to SocietyReporters.com ...News as it happens!!!|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFadmin2018">admin (2018-08-29). [https://www.societyreporters.com/why-i-am-leaving-my-business-for-politics-fasuwa-abayomi-johnson/ "WHY I AM LEAVING MY BUSINESS FOR POLITICS – Fasuwa Abayomi Johnson"]. ''SocietyReporters | Welcome to SocietyReporters.com ...News as it happens!!!''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-07</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị === Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Johnson malitere n'afọ 2014, ógbè ọ gbara ọsọ maka Ogun Steeti House of Assembly mana o meriri. O sonyere ọzọ n'afọ 2019, a họpụtakwara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ụlọ omebe iwu steeti Ogun na-anọchite anya mpaghara steeti Ijebu North East.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Amarachi|date=2024-03-06|title=Senate Confirms Tinubu's Nominees, Raheem, Abayomi As NPC Commissioner|url=https://www.tori.ng/news/263759/senate-confirms-tinubus-nominees-raheem-abayomi-as.html|accessdate=2024-10-18|work=Tori.ng|language=English}}</ref> N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa, o lekwasịrị anya na mmepe akụrụngwa na itinye aka na obodo, ndị omeiwu na ọchịchị ime obodo.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=OgunToday|date=2022-04-21|title=2023: Ijebu North-East APC stakeholders endorse Ogun lawmaker, Fasuwa for second term|url=https://oguntoday.com/2023-ijebu-north-east-apc-stakeholders-endorse-ogun-lawmaker-fasuwa-for-second-term/|accessdate=2024-10-18|work=Oguntoday Newspaper|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241015225404/https://oguntoday.com/2023-ijebu-north-east-apc-stakeholders-endorse-ogun-lawmaker-fasuwa-for-second-term/}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2024-02-19|title=Otunba Faj: President Tinubu Paves Way for Effective Governance - News Reporters|url=https://newsreporters.com.ng/2024/02/19/otunba-faj-president-tinubu-paves-way-for-effective-governance/|accessdate=2024-10-07|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007143441/https://newsreporters.com.ng/2024/02/19/otunba-faj-president-tinubu-paves-way-for-effective-governance/}}</ref> N'afọ 2024, a họpụtara Johnson dị ka Kọmishọna [[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal]] na National Population Commission na-anọchite anya Ogun State n'okpuru nchịkwa nke [[Bola Tinubu|Onye isi ala Bola Tinubu]]. Ọrụ ya n'ọrụ a gụnyere ilekọta Ọrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mba na atụmatụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ọ rụkwara ọrụ iji melite nchịkọta data maka iwu ndị mmadụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Editorial 01|first=Premier|date=2024-03-06|title=JUST IN: THE SENATE CONFIRMS RAHEEM AND ABAYOMI, TINUBU'S NOMINEES, AS NPC COMMISSIONERS.|url=https://thepremiernews.com/just-in-the-senate-confirms-raheem-and-abayomi-tinubus-nominees-as-npc-commissioners/|accessdate=2024-10-07|work=The Premier News|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEditorial_012024">Editorial 01, Premier (2024-03-06). [https://thepremiernews.com/just-in-the-senate-confirms-raheem-and-abayomi-tinubus-nominees-as-npc-commissioners/ "JUST IN: THE SENATE CONFIRMS RAHEEM AND ABAYOMI, TINUBU'S NOMINEES, AS NPC COMMISSIONERS"]. ''The Premier News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Templeeti:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list]]</ref> === Ọrụ Ọnụọgụgụ mba === N'afọ 2024, a họpụtara Johnson na National Population Commission (NPC) dị ka [[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal]] Commissioner, na-anọchite anya Ogun State. Ọrụ ya gụnyere ilekọta ọrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, Atụmatụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na njikwa data ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ maka mba ahụ. Dị ka akụkụ nke NPC, ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji hụ na a na-anakọta data ndị bi na Naịjirịa n'ụzọ ziri ezi, nyochaa, ma jiri ya mee ihe maka Iwu mmepe mba, ọkachasị na mpaghara ndị dị ka [[Nlekọta ahụike ma ọ|nlekọta ahụike]], [[Education|agụmakwụkwọ]], na atụmatụ akụrụngwa.<ref name=":0"/> == Ndụ onwe onye == Fasuwa Johnson lụrụ di, ọmụrụ ụmụ atọ.<ref name=":1"/> == Utu aha na nsọpụrụ == Iji gosi ekele maka onyinye ya n'ọrụ ọha na eze na obodo ya, Johnson nwere aha Otunba Apesin nke Ilugun-South Ijebu na Apesin nke Alaeze Ukwu. Aha Otunba bụ nsọpụrụ ọdịnala na Naịjirịa, nke a na-enyekarị ndị mmadụ tinyere aka dị ukwuu n'obodo ha, ọtụtụ mgbe n'ịchịisi, ọrụ ebere, ma ọ bụ ọrụ ya.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Reporter|date=2017-07-03|title=Meet AWUJALE's 50 Otunbas & High Chiefs+ Why Oba SIKIRU ADETONA Likes Them|url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-awujales-50-otunbas-high-chiefs-oba-sikiru-adetona-likes/|accessdate=2024-10-18|work=City People Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Fasuwa Abayomi}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 5e8nk1nddhhxz7e9cmfhbu8lq9i9647 0 77215 692370 670647 2026-07-29T21:14:05Z Chinemeremprince 13026 692370 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Annobón</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Provinces of Equatorial Guinea|Ógbè]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Annobón_in_Equatorial_Guinea_2020.svg|250x250px|Annobón circled in red, within Equatorial Guinea<br />(far southwestern corner of the map)]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Annobón gbara gburugburu na-acha ọbara ọbara, n'ime Equatorial Guinea (n'akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke map) <br /></div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba | class="infobox-data" |<span class="nowrap">[[Equatorial Guinea]]<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span></span> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Capital city|Isi obodo]] | class="infobox-data" |[[San Antonio de Palé]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Mpaghara<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Ngụkọta&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |17 km² (6.6 sq mi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ugwu kachasị elu <div class="ib-settlement-fn"> ([[Quioveo]]) &#x20;</div>   | class="infobox-data" |598 m (1,962 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Ndị bi na ya (2015) [1]<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2015)<ref name="census2015"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="345">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171008232028/http://www.inege.gq/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Censo2015_Folleto_R_Preliminares.pdf "Censo de población 2015–República de Guinea Ecuatorial"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="346">INEGE. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="347">p.&nbsp;7. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="348">Archived from [http://www.inege.gq/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Censo2015_Folleto_R_Preliminares.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="349"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2017</span>.</span></cite></ref><span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Ngụkọta&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |5,323 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |310/km² (810/sq mi) &nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[ISO 3166|Koodu ISO 3166]] | class="infobox-data nickname" |GQ-AN |} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Annobón''' ( [] i;<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Ogunu|first=Oseni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtMRAQAAIAAJ&q=Provincia+de+Annob%C3%B3n|title=1994–2003|date=2005|publisher=EMI|isbn=978-88-307-1718-3|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NzYV4zDLZjsC&q=Provincia+de+Annob%C3%B3n|title=II censo de población y II de viviendas 1.994: Análisis demográfico. tema 01. Evaluación y ajuste de datos. tema 02. Estado de población. tema [03]. La fecundidad. tema 04. Análisis de la mortalidad. tema 05. Estudio de la migración. tema 06. Alfabetización, escolarización e instrucción. tema 07. Situación matrimonial y nupcialidad. tema 08. Caracteristicas económicas. tema 09. Análisis de las viviendas. tema 10. Hogares. tema 11. La mujer guineo-ecuatoriana. tema 12. Proyecciones demográficas (12 v.)|date=1997|publisher=La Oficina|language=es}}</ref> Portuguese: Ano-Bom) bụ mpaghara nke [[Equatorial Guinea]]. ógbè ahụ nwere agwaetiti Annobón na agwaetiti ndị metụtara ya na Gulf of Guinea. Annobón bụ mpaghara kachasị nta nke Equatorial Guinea na mpaghara na ndị bi na ya. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2015 si kwuo, Annobón nwere mmadụ 5,323, obere mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ site na 5,008 edebanyere aha site na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 2001. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ pere mpe amụbaala site na mmadụ 5,008 e debara aha ha site na ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2001. Asụsụ gọọmentị bụ Spanish mana ọtụtụ ndị bi na ya na-asụ ụdị asụsụ Portuguese nke Creole. Isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na agwaetiti ahụ bụ ịkụ azụ na ịkpa oke ọhịa. Annobón is the only island of the country located in the Southern Hemisphere of the [[Òrìmìlì Atlantic|Atlantic Ocean]]. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> The provincial capital is San Antonio de Palé on the north side of the island. There are three other small settlements; Mabana, San Pedro and Aual. As of 1911, some passing ships visited for water and fresh provisions, of which Annobón offered an abundant supply.[5] However, there was no regular shipping service to the rest of Equatorial Guinea, and ships called as infrequently as every few months. == Aha ya == Annobón nwetara aha ya site na Portuguese ''{{Lang|pt|ano bom}}'' <nowiki>''. A gụrụ agwaetiti ahụ aha n'ihi ụbọchị ndị Portugal chọpụtara ya n'Ụbọchị Afọ Ọhụrụ n'afọ 1473. A maara mpaghara ahụ n'</nowiki>oge gara aga dị ka ''Anno Bom'' ma ọ bụ ''Annabona'' . [6] N'ime afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ọchịchị Francisco Macías Nguema, a na-akpọ agwaetiti ahụ ''Pigalu'' ma ọ bụ ''Pagalu'', site na ''{{Lang|pt|papagaio}}'' <nowiki>''</nowiki> Portuguese. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ndị Portugal chọpụtara agwaetiti ahụ na 1 Jenụwarị 1473; ọ nwetara aha ya site na ụbọchị ahụ ("Afọ Ọhụrụ"). [5] Otú ọ dị, onye Spain na-eme nchọpụta Diego Ramirez de la Diaz hụrụ agwaetiti ahụ na 1470 wee kpọọ ya San Antonio.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|isbn=1-57958-468-3|editor=Skutsch|location=New York|pages=107}}</ref> O doro anya na ọ dịghị onye bi na ya ruo mgbe ndị Portugal chịrị ya site na 1474, karịsịa site n'aka ndị Afrịka si [[Angola]] site na São Tomé Island. A na-ewere ndị ohu a (ndị Portuguese kpọrọ {{Lang|pt|escravos de regate}}) dị ka ndị mbụ so na ọha mmadụ Annobonese.<ref name=":0" /> Malite na mmalite narị afọ nke 16, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ohu a bụ ndị lụrụ ndị Yuropu ugbu a mụrụ ọgbọ ndị ọzọ nke ndị Anbonese bụ ndị a na-akpọ forros (ndị ohu ga-enwere onwe ha). Forros malitere ịzụlite njirimara pụrụ iche na ike mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba. Oge a hụkwara ka asụsụ Creole nke Anbonese pụtara ìhè. <ref name=":0" /> Nkwekọrịta El Pardo nke afọ 1778 nyere mba Spen agwaetiti ahụ. Nkwekọrịta ahụ nyere mba Spen ikike ịchịkwa agwaetiti Annobón na Fernando Po (nke bụ Bioko ugbu a) nke mba Pọtugal na ụsọ oké osimiri Guinea dị n'etiti Naịja na Ogooué, n'ọnọdụ nke ndị Spen nabatara ndị Pọtugal n'ókèala dị na Brazil n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ókèala nke Nkwekọrịta Tordesillas guzobere. A ga-emesịa mara mpaghara Spen nke e guzobere dịka Spanish Guinea. Ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ megidere ndokwa ahụ ma na-emegide ndị Spain. Mgbe e nyefere ya na mgbe e welitere ọkọlọtọ Spain iji kwado ọbụbụeze Spain, ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ nupụụrụ ndị bịara ọhụrụ ahụ isi, n'otu akụkụ n'ihi na a na-ewere ha dị ka ndị jụrụ okwukwe maka itinye nkịta na ọkọlọtọ ha (ihe osise ahụ na-anọchite anya ọdụm). Ha chụpụrụ ha dịka omenala nke ịtụba ndị amoosu n'oké osimiri si dị.<ref name="Anobom">{{Cite web|url=https://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html|title=Ano Bom – A Ilha Esquecida no Meio do Atlântico|accessdate=29 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042249/http://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref> Ọnọdụ nke ọgba aghara sochiri, na-eduga na ndokwa nke otu ụmụ amaala ise na-achịkwa agwaetiti ahụ, onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ọfịs gọvanọ n'oge ahụ gafere ruo mgbe ụgbọ mmiri iri rutere n'àgwàetiti ahụ.[6] Gọọmentị na-achị onwe ya gara n'ihu, na agwaetiti ahụ nke Spain na Portugal kwuru, ruo mgbe e guzobeghachiri ikike nke Spain na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19. [6][5] Àgwàetiti ahụ ghọrọ akụkụ nke Elobey, Annobón na Corisco ruo n'oge na-adịghị anya ruo 1909. The [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|British]] erected a fort at St&nbsp;Antony in 1801, eventually legalized through a lease from the Spanish government in 1827. The base was used by the British to suppress the Atlantic slave trade. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'afọ ikpeazụ nke ọchịchị Francisco Macías Nguema, onyeisi oche mbụ nke Equatorial Guinea, a kpọrọ agwaetiti ahụ Pigalu ma ọ bụ Pagalu. Ndị bi na ya nwere ajọ mbunobi megide ha na Equatorial Guinea, ụfọdụ malitekwara ịkwado mmegharị nkewa. Na 1993, gọọmentị etiti kewapụrụ agwaetiti ahụ, chụpụ ndị mba ọzọ gụnyere ndị otu enyemaka mmadụ. Ndị mmadụ nupụrụ isi ma wakpoo ebe obibi gọvanọ. Gọọmentị zara site n'igbu mmadụ abụọ n'enweghị ikpe. Nrụgide mba ụwa mere ka esemokwu belata, a tọhapụkwara ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị..<ref name="Anobom">{{Cite web|url=https://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html|title=Ano Bom – A Ilha Esquecida no Meio do Atlântico|accessdate=29 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042249/http://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html|archivedate=4 March 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042249/http://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html "Ano Bom – A Ilha Esquecida no Meio do Atlântico"]. </cite></ref> Ọ bụ n'ihi obere agwaetiti a ka Equatorial Guinea rịọrọ maka ọkwa onye na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ obere oge e guzobere Community of Portuguese Language Country na 1996, nke dugara na nleta nke minista mba ofesi nke Portugal, Jaime Gama na Equatorial Guinea, na 1998.<ref name="Anobom">{{Cite web|url=https://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html|title=Ano Bom – A Ilha Esquecida no Meio do Atlântico|accessdate=29 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042249/http://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html|archivedate=4 March 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042249/http://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html "Ano Bom – A Ilha Esquecida no Meio do Atlântico"]. </cite></ref> A na-egosipụta njirimara ya nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, omenala na okpukperechi n'ọkwa ya n'ọkwa mpaghara ya. Na 2006, Equatorial Guinea nwetara ọkwa onye na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ site n'aka São Tomé na Príncipe. Ọ nọgidere na-agba mbọ ịghọ onye otu zuru oke, n'ụzọ megidere nrụgide mba ụwa nke chọrọ ikewapụ mba ahụ n'ihi mmebi ikike mmadụ, wee bụrụ onye otu zuru oke na 2014 site na nkwado siri ike nke Africa na-asụ Portuguese, ebe eweghachiri asụsụ Portuguese dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị.<ref name="dw" /><ref name="IILP_Blog2012-02-07" /> == Ọdịdị ala na ọdịdị ala == [[Faịlụ:Annobón_Bioko.PNG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Map zuru ezu nke Annobón (n'aka ekpe) ]] [[Faịlụ:Gulf_of_Guinea_(English).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Ebe Annobón dị na Ọwara Oké Osimiri Guinea]] Annobón is an extinct volcano, part of the Cameroon line, about 220 miles (350 km) west of Cape Lopez in [[Gabon]]  and 110 miles (180 km) southwest of São Tomé Island.[5] The main island measures about 4 miles (6.4 km) long by 2 miles (3.2 km) wide,[6] with an area of about  ,[5] but a number of small rocky islets surround it, including Santarém to the south. Its central crater lake is named Lago A Pot and its highest peak is Quioveo, which rises 598 meters (1,962 ft). The island is characterized by a succession of lush valleys and steep mountains, covered with rich woods and luxuriant vegetation.[6] A na-akọwakarị Annobón dị ka "na Gulf of Guinea",[a] dị ka agwaetiti ndị gbara ya gburugburu nke [[São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé na Príncipe]], mana akara ókèala maka Gulf of Guinea nke International Hydrographic Organization guzobere na-aga n'ebe ugwu ya. [b] == Flora na anụmanụ == [[Faịlụ:Annobon_Island_Equatorial_Guinea.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Annobón na 2011]] Na mbụ, obere agwaetiti a dị kilomita 335 (208 mi) site n'ụsọ oké osimiri [[Gabon|Ndị Gabon]] enweghị ebe obibi ma nwee nnukwu ụdị dị iche iche. Site na colonization, ndị bi n'àgwàetiti jiri rafts ma ọ bụ "cayucos" (ụgbọ mmiri yiri ụgbọ mmiri) na-achụ nta humpback whales na ụmụ ha, na cetaceans ndị ọzọ, na harpoons dị nso n'àll ahụ. Annobón white-eye na Annobón paradise flycatcher bụ Nnụnụ na-abụ abụ, dị ka nduru na-acha nchara nchara nke Sao Tome. E nwekwara ndị na-azụ anụ ojii. E nwere ụdị nnụnụ iri abụọ na itoolu (dịka Annobón scops owl) n'àgwàetiti ahụ, nke BirdLife International họpụtara dị ka Ebe Nnụnụ Dị Mkpa (IBA).<ref name="bli">{{Cite web|url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/annob%C3%B3n-iba-equatorial-guinea|title=Annobón|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=2024|work=BirdLife Data Zone|publisher=BirdLife International|accessdate=28 November 2024|archivedate=3 February 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250203115311/https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/annob%C3%B3n-iba-equatorial-guinea}}</ref> E nwekwara ụdị ụkpara abụọ (otu nke dị n'ógbè ahụ); anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ (ndị ise): otu agwọ, agụ owuru atọ, agụ owụ abụọ, mbe mmiri atọ; azụ osimiri: ụdị 18 (otu nke a na-ahụkarị); anwụnta, akpị, na nnukwu ụgbala. Ụmụ anụmanụ ndị e webatara gụnyere azụ, nnụnụ guinea, òké, nkịta, na nwamba. Àgwàetiti ahụ enweghị anụ ndị na-eri anụ. A na-ahụ Sharks n'oké osimiri gbara ya gburugburu. == Nchịkwa == {{Provinces of Equatorial Guinea Image Map}}isi obodo nke mpaghara ahụ bụ San Antonio de Palé (nke bụbu St Antony). Àgwàetiti ahụ nwere kansụl obodo atọ ({{Lang|pt|Consejos de Poblados}}): Anganchi, Aual, na Mabana. == Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ == A na-eme atụmatụ na agwaetiti ahụ nwere mmadụ 3,000 site na ọtụtụ narị afọ nke 19. [6][5] N'afọ 2013, Annobón nwere mmadụ 5,323. === Asụsụ === Asụsụ bụ isi n'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ Portuguese Creole a maara dị ka Annobonese, {{Lang|pt|Fa d'Ambu}}, ma ọ bụ Falar de Ano Bom <nowiki>''</nowiki>). A na-eji Asụsụ Portuguese Creole eme ihe nke ọma na Annobón. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ngalaba niile ma e wezụga gọọmentị na agụmakwụkwọ ebe a na-eji Spanish eme ihe. A naghị asụkarị Spanish na Annobón. Ndị Katọlik nọ n'ógbè ahụ na-eji asụsụ Portuguese na-abụghị nke Creole eme ihe dị ka asụsụ liturgical.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/fab|title=Fa d'Ambu|publisher=Ethnologue|accessdate=15 November 2010|archivedate=7 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407195306/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fab}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2012, minista mba ọzọ nke Equatorial Guinea bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na International Portuguese Language Institute (IPLI) maka ịkwalite Asụsụ Portuguese na Equatorial Guinea.<ref name="IILP_Blog2012-02-07">{{Cite web|url=http://iilp.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/assinado-termo-de-cooperacao-entre-iilp-e-guine-equatorial/|title=Assinado termo de cooperação entre IILP e Guiné Equatorial|language=pt|publisher=Instituto Internacional de Língua Portuguesa|date=7 February 2012|accessdate=27 March 2012|archivedate=22 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222061328/http://iilp.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/assinado-termo-de-cooperacao-entre-iilp-e-guine-equatorial/}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://iilp.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/assinado-termo-de-cooperacao-entre-iilp-e-guine-equatorial/ "Assinado termo de cooperação entre IILP e Guiné Equatorial"] &#x5B;Protocol signed on cooperation between IILP and Guinea Equatorial&#x5D; (in Portuguese). </cite></ref><ref name="CPLP_News1875">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cplp.org/Default.aspx?ID=316&M=News&PID=304&NewsID=1875#.pdf|title=Protocolo de Cooperação entre a Guiné-Equatorial e o IILP|language=pt|publisher=CPLP|date=7 February 2012|accessdate=27 March 2012|archivedate=13 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713062429/http://www.cplp.org/Default.aspx?ID=316&M=News&PID=304&NewsID=1875}}</ref> Ntinye asụsụ Portuguese sochiri ọkwa nke onye isi ala Equatorial Guinea na 13 Julaị 2007 na iwu iwu iwu nke 2010 nke guzobere Portuguese dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị nke mba ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/equatorial-guinea-adds-portuguese-as-the-countrys-third-official-language-131882808.html|title=Equatorial Guinea Adds Portuguese as the Country's Third Official Language|publisher=PRNewsWire|date=14 October 2011|accessdate=15 November 2010|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163747/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/equatorial-guinea-adds-portuguese-as-the-countrys-third-official-language-131882808.html}}</ref><ref name="GuineEqGov">{{Cite web|url=http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=703l|title=El portugués será el tercer idioma oficial de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial|publisher=Gobierno de la Republica de Guinea Ecuatoria|accessdate=15 November 2010|language=es|archivedate=3 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903222205/http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=703l}}</ref><ref name="GuineEqGovPDF">{{Cite web|url=http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/imgdb/2010/20-7-2010Decretosobreelportuguescomoidiomaoficial.pdf|title=Proyecto de Ley Constitucional|publisher=Gobierno de la Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial|date=14 October 2011|accessdate=15 November 2010|archivedate=3 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103202646/http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/imgdb/2010/20-7-2010Decretosobreelportuguescomoidiomaoficial.pdf}}</ref> Nnyocha mmekọrịta na asụsụ nke IPLI na Annobón kpughere njikọ siri ike na obodo ndị na-asụ asụsụ Portuguese na [[São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé na Príncipe]], [[Cape Verde]], na [[Guinea-Bissau]].<ref name="sol">{{Cite web|date=5 February 2014|title=Formação de professores e programas televisivos introduzem português na Guiné-Equatorial|url=http://www.sol.pt/noticia/99354|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101000230/http://www.sol.pt/noticia/99354|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=27 November 2014|publisher=Sol|language=pt}}</ref> === Agbụrụ === Ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ ndị Portuguese na ndị Angola, na ụfọdụ Spanish. Mmetụta mbụ ndị Spain, jikọtara ya na ikewapụ onwe ya na mpaghara Equatorial Guinea na ịdị nso nke [[São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé na Príncipe]] - nke dị naanị kilomita 175 (109 mi) site na agwaetiti ahụ - enyerela aka ichekwa njikọ ọdịbendị agwaetiti ahụ na [[Portugal]]. Ọdịbendị ya yiri nke São Tomé na ndị Afro-Portuguese n'Africa niile.<ref name="Anobom">{{Cite web|url=https://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html|title=Ano Bom – A Ilha Esquecida no Meio do Atlântico|accessdate=29 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042249/http://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html|archivedate=4 March 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042249/http://rcl.com.sapo.pt/anobom.html "Ano Bom – A Ilha Esquecida no Meio do Atlântico"]. </cite></ref> Ndị bi ebe ahụ bụ ndị Katọlik, ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere ụdị syncretism, okpukpe ka bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ụdị ndụ obodo.<ref name="dw">{{Cite web|title=Ilha de Ano-Bom estabelece ligação da Guiné Equatorial à lusofonia – DW – 05/08/2014|url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/ilha-de-ano-bom-estabelece-liga%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o-da-guin%25C3%25A9-equatorial-%25C3%25A0-lusofonia/a-17832432|accessdate=14 January 2023|work=dw.com|language=pt|archivedate=27 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227183903/https://www.dw.com/pt-002/ilha-de-ano-bom-estabelece-liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o-da-guin%C3%A9-equatorial-%C3%A0-lusofonia/a-17832432}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.dw.com/pt-002/ilha-de-ano-bom-estabelece-liga%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o-da-guin%25C3%25A9-equatorial-%25C3%25A0-lusofonia/a-17832432 "Ilha de Ano-Bom estabelece ligação da Guiné Equatorial à lusofonia – DW – 05/08/2014"]. </cite></ref> === Okpukpe === Dị ka Equatorial Guinea n'ozuzu ya, Annobón nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-agbaso [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]], ọkachasị ndị Roman Katọlik bụ ndị ọdịbendị Portuguese nwere mmetụta siri ike. [6][5] Ebe ofufe dị n'àgwàetiti ahụ gụnyere ozi Roman Katọlik, na ụlọ ụka Assemblies of God. == Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba == Annobón dị maka Equatorial Guinea dịka site na onye nwe ya gọọmentị Equatorial Guinean na-azọrọ nnukwu ala mmiri na ndịda nke onye agbata obi ya, (nke n'onwe ya dị na ndịda isi ala EquatorialGuinea). Mmanụ dị na Gulf of Guinea na-anọchite anya ihe karịrị 80% nke akụ na ụba Equatorial Guinea, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ isi mmalite buru amụma na ihe ndị sitere na ebe nchekwa ugbu a ga-agwụ tupu 2020 . Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị oghere a na-egwu ugbu a na São Tomé, a na-eme atụmatụ na e nwere ijeri barel 34 (5.4 m3) nke mmanụ n'ime ókèala mmiri ya. Equatorial Guinea na-azọrọ ikike ịchọpụta ma mepụta hydrocarbons na nnukwu mpaghara oké osimiri gbara Annobón gburugburu nke sitere na 1°N ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 5°S, na site na 2°E ruo 7°E, mpaghara buru ibu karịa ala na ókèala oké osimiri nke Equatorial Guinée ndị ọzọ.  Àgwàetiti ahụ nwere họtel nwere ọnụ ụlọ 55 maka ndị njem nleta na-esi n'ala Equatorial Guinea.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hotel Annobon|url=http://hotelannobon.com/home_es.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219141626/http://hotelannobon.com/home_es.php|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=Hotel Annobon}}</ref> == Ihe owuwu == Àgwàetiti ahụ nwere naanị otu ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọrụ ndị dị mkpa dị ka ọkụ eletrik na mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị ọcha dị ụkọ ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ọtụtụ ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ nwere ike ịhapụ naanị site na ịnya ụgbọ mmiri kwa izu ma ọ bụ ịchọta ebe a na-anọ n'ụgbọ mmiri na-eleta otu ugboro ma ọ bụ ugboro abụọ n'ọnwa.<ref name=":3" /> E meghere ọdụ ụgbọ elu Annobón na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Annobón n'akụkụ ugwu nke agwaetiti ahụ na 2010. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Karantzavelou|first=Vicky|date=21 October 2010|title=New airport and port facilities in Annobon|url=https://www.traveldailynews.com/pages/show_page/39536-New-airport-and-port-facilities-in-Annobon|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=TravelDailyNews}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, otu ìgwè ụlọ ọrụ tinyere panel anyanwụ n'àgwàetiti ahụ iji nye obodo na ọdụ ụgbọ elu ọkụ eletrik dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ mmepe nke Equatorial Guinea 'Horizon 2020'. A na-enye mkpa eletrik nke agwaetiti ahụ site na ndị na-emepụta diesel na-ebubata. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Market|first=Guinea|date=7 June 2014|title=Equatorial Guinea to Install Solar Microgrid System on Annobon Province|url=https://www.guineainfomarket.com/economy/2014/06/07/equatorial-guinea-install-solar-microgrid-system-annobon-province/|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=guineainfomarket.com|language=|archivedate=30 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230000020/https://www.guineainfomarket.com/economy/2014/06/07/equatorial-guinea-install-solar-microgrid-system-annobon-province/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Goss|first=Scott|title=Wilmington businesses bringing power to African island|url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/money/business/2015/02/28/wilmington-businesses-bringing-power-african-island/24117535/|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=The News Journal|language=en-US|archivedate=29 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229234517/https://www.delawareonline.com/story/money/business/2015/02/28/wilmington-businesses-bringing-power-african-island/24117535/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Post|first=Guest|date=20 August 2015|title=Supplying Power Where Power is Due: Annobon Island Microgrid|url=https://www.microgridknowledge.com/google-news-feed/article/11432865/supplying-power-where-power-is-due-annobon-island-microgrid|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=Microgrid Knowledge|language=en|archivedate=29 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229234518/https://www.microgridknowledge.com/google-news-feed/article/11432865/supplying-power-where-power-is-due-annobon-island-microgrid}}</ref> A na-eji Annobón eme ihe dị ka ebe a na-atụfu Ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu, ọkachasị n'afọ ndị 1980 na 1990. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wood|first=Geoffrey|date=2004|title=Business and Politics in a Criminal State: The Case of Equatorial Guinea|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3518490|journal=African Affairs|volume=103|issue=413|pages=554–556|doi=10.1093/afraf/adh084}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Stehrenberger|first=Cécile Stephanie|date=2 April 2020|title=Annobón 1988. Slow Disaster, Colonialism, and the Franco Dictatorship|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17561310.2020.1791451|journal=Art in Translation|volume=12|issue=2|pages=263–287|doi=10.1080/17561310.2020.1791451}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Anyinam|first=Charles A.|date=1991|title=Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes: The Case of Toxic Waste Dumping in Africa|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45130934|journal=International Journal of Health Services|volume=21|issue=4|pages=759–777|doi=10.2190/XQVC-1HD5-8LN7-MH3D|pmid=1769761|issn=0020-7314}}</ref> N'afọ 1988, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, onye isi ala Equatorial Guinea, sooro ụlọ ọrụ Britain mee nkwekọrịta iji kwado nde drums iri nke ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu na Annobón. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Brooke|first=James|date=17 July 1988|title=Waste Dumpers Turning to West Africa|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/17/world/waste-dumpers-turning-to-west-africa.html|accessdate=29 May 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}</ref> ''Der Spiegel'' kọrọ na 28 Ọgọstụ 2006 na a na-akwụ Equatorial Guinea ụgwọ iji lie Ihe mkpofu nuklia n'ebe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Smoltczyk|first=Alexander|date=28 August 2006|title=Rich in Oil, Poor in Human Rights: Torture and Poverty in Equatorial Guinea|url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/rich-in-oil-poor-in-human-rights-torture-and-poverty-in-equatorial-guinea-a-434691.html|accessdate=29 May 2025|work=Der Spiegel|language=en}}</ref> == Nkewa == [[Faịlụ:Bandera_Annobon.png|thumb|Flag nke Republic of Annobón]] N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2022, mmadụ abụọ bi na Annobón na Spain guzobere otu ndị na-ekewapụ onwe ha kpọrọ [[Ambô Legadu]]. Ha abụọ sonyere na ngagharị iwe nke afọ 1993. Otu n'ime ha, Orlando Cartagena Lagar, kpọrọ onwe ya praịm minista agwaetiti ahụ.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|author=Egbejule|first=Eromo|date=14 October 2024|title=Dozens of islanders locked up as grim history continues for Annobón|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/14/dozens-of-islanders-locked-up-as-grim-history-continues-for-annobon?utm|accessdate=18 February 2025|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEgbejule2024">Egbejule, Eromo (14 October 2024). </cite></ref> Mgbe e guzobere Ambô Legadu, njide aka ike nke gọọmentị Equatorial Guinea mụbara. Dịka akwụkwọ akụkọ The Guardian si kwuo, ọtụtụ ndị obodo lere njide ọtụtụ mmadụ na Julaị 2024 anya dị ka akụkụ nke mkpọsa sara mbara iji gbochie ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha..<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|author=Egbejule|first=Eromo|date=14 October 2024|title=Dozens of islanders locked up as grim history continues for Annobón|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/14/dozens-of-islanders-locked-up-as-grim-history-continues-for-annobon?utm|accessdate=18 February 2025|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEgbejule2024">Egbejule, Eromo (14 October 2024). </cite></ref> Na 14 Mee 2024, a nabatara Republic of Annobón dị ka onye otu Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO). <ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2024|title=The Government of the Republic of Annobon Becomes a New Member of the UNPO –|url=https://unpo.org/the-government-of-the-republic-of-annobon-becomes-a-new-member-of-the-unpo/?utm|accessdate=18 February 2025|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 February 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223063047/https://unpo.org/the-government-of-the-republic-of-annobon-becomes-a-new-member-of-the-unpo/?utm}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2025, otu ahụ rịọrọ ka agwaetiti ahụ bụrụ steeti ma ọ bụ mpaghara nke [[Argentina]]. <ref>{{Cite news|date=28 May 2025|title=Insólito pedido a la Argentina desde Annobón, un territorio en conflicto en África: "Queremos ser un Estado asociado o quizás una provincia"|url=https://www.clarin.com/internacional/insolito-pedido-argentina-territorio-conflicto-africa-queremos-estado-asociado-provincia_0_6eNufeux7f.html|accessdate=29 May 2025|work=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]]|language=es-AR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 May 2025|title=Una isla africana pidió unirse a Argentina por su vinculo con el Virreinato de la Plata|url=https://diarioelnorte.com.ar/una-isla-africana-pidio-unirse-a-argentina-por-su-vinculo-con-el-virreinato-de-la-plata/|accessdate=29 May 2025|work=Diario El Norte – San Nicolás|language=es-AR}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ógbè ndị dị na Equatorial Guinea == Ihe edeturu == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == *   *   == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commons category|Annobón}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928224511/http://www.ggcg.st/images/Image11.gif Òtù Nchekwa Ọwara Oké Osimiri Guinea] * Otu Eziokwu nke NATURAL: BOSQUE NEBLINOSO nke ANNOBON (n'asụsụ Spanish) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110711092054/http://www.ghutymamae.com/ Ghuty Mamae: Isi nke Annobón] (n'asụsụ Spanish) * [https://www.navegar-es-preciso.com/news/la-isla-de-pagalu-o-pagalu/ Àgwàetiti Pagalu ma ọ bụ Pagalú] (n'asụsụ Spanish) {{Portuguese overseas empire}}{{Provinces of Equatorial Guinea}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|01|26|06|S|05|38|15|E|type:isle_region:GQ}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2gb20lre5h80913mmwnytoydgcqnymq 0 77351 692090 671667 2026-07-29T12:58:34Z Amaka of God 62412 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366130990|Njoku Nnamdi]]" 692090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}Njoku Nnamdi // ⓘ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa na onye otu nke anọ nke ndị omeiwu mba na-anọchite anya ndị omeiwu Bende nke Abia Steeti n'okpuru nche anwụ nke People's Democratic Parti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.southeastnigeria.com/abia-state-list-of-pdp-aspirants-for-house-of-representatives/|title=ABIA STATE: List of PDP aspirants for House of representatives.|publisher=South East Nigeria|work=Emma Aziken|date=December 5, 2014|accessdate=July 4, 2015}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Nnamdi Njoku na 19 Septemba 1963 na Bende, Abia Steeti, Naijira. O nwetara nzere bachelọ na Mahadum Morgan Steeti na United Steeti.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Adeolu|date=2017-02-27|title=NJOKU, Hon. Nnamdi|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/hon-nnamdi-njoku-pdp/|accessdate=2026-07-26|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Nnamdi Njoku bụ onye ọchụnta ego. E jikọtara ya na Talmacon Naijiria limited, Aba. TTupu a họpụta ya n'ime Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye otu Kọmịshọn Egwuregwu nke Steeti Abia n'etiti afọ 1991 na 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Udo|first=Mary|date=2017-03-16|title=NNAMDI, Hon. Njoku|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/nnamdi-hon-njoku/|accessdate=2026-07-26|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Nnamdi Njoku banyere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge Naịjirịa laghachiri n'ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na 1999. A họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchite anya Mpaghara Nhọpụta Federal nke Bende na Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya na ikpo okwu nke Peoples Democratic Parti (PDP). O jere ozi dị ka onye otu nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Mba nke Anọ site na 1999 ruo 2003. Tupu a họpụta ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu Kọmịshọn Egwuregwu nke Steeti Abia n'etiti afọ 1991 na 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Adeolu|date=2017-02-27|title=NJOKU, Hon. Nnamdi|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/hon-nnamdi-njoku-pdp/|accessdate=2026-07-26|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Udo|first=Mary|date=2017-03-16|title=NNAMDI, Hon. Njoku|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/nnamdi-hon-njoku/|accessdate=2026-07-26|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndị nnọchi anya Nzukọ Mba Naịjirịa si Abia == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fwtzicyv71lz4qsgywzbg0e7fyx4so0 0 77353 692084 692081 2026-07-29T12:01:55Z Chinemeremprince 13026 692084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = John Bob Nwannunu | image = | office1 = Senator for Abia Central | termstart1 = 29 May 1999 | termend1 = 29 May 2003 | predecessor1 = | successor1 = [[Chris Adighije]] | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Abia State]], [[Nigeria]] | party = }} A họpụtara John Bob Nwannunu ka ọ bụrụ Sinetọ na-anọchite anya mpaghara Abia Central nke Steeti Abia, Naịjirịa, na mmalite nke Republic nke Anọ nke Naịjirịa, n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ pati All People's Party (APP). Ọ malitere ọrụ ya n'ụbọchị nke 29 n'ọnwa Mee, afọ 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt|title=FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA LEGISLATIVE ELECTION OF 20 FEBRUARY AND 7 MARCH 1999|work=Psephos|accessdate=2010-06-19}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọsịrị n'ọkwa na Sineti, a họpụtara ya na kọmitii ndị na-ahụ maka nhọrọ, mmanụ ala, nkwukọrịta, ike na ígwè na ọrụ ugbo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|title=Congressional Committees|publisher=Nigeria Congress|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|archivedate=2009-11-18}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote onye ndu APP n'Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/29/20010429pol04.html|title=Haruna Abubakar: Toxic Fuel as Archile's Heel|author=Chukwudi Nwabuko|work=ThisDay|date=2001-04-29|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051120151628/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/29/20010429pol04.html|archivedate=2005-11-20}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2001, mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka mgbanwe ọchịchị nke Onyeisiala Olusegun Obasanjo, o kwuru na ndị otu minista mbụ nke Obasanjo emeghị nke ọma n'ọkwa ya n'ihi na ha lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ga-esote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/01/30/20010130news03.html|title=Cabinet: President Briefs Na'Abba, Mantu, Others|author=Chukwudi Nwabuko Chuks Okocha, Goddy Eweremadu and Tokunbo Adedoja|work=ThisDay|date=2001-01-30|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210173438/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/01/30/20010130news03.html|archivedate=2004-12-10}}</ref> = mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ= A mụrụ John Bob Nwannunu na Septemba 5, 1950 na Abia Steeti, Naịjirịa. Ọ zụrụ ọzụzụ dịka dọkịta ma rụọ ọrụ na ngalaba ahụike nkeonwe tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Nkọwa gbasara agụmakwụkwọ nwata ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọ gara enweghị oke na ebe ndị nwere onwe ha. == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] epev8acwpjoqwt0fccfd6pcltwy9b7g 692085 692084 2026-07-29T12:02:42Z Chinemeremprince 13026 692085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = John Bob Nwannunu | image = | office1 = Senator for Abia Central | termstart1 = 29 May 1999 | termend1 = 29 May 2003 | predecessor1 = | successor1 = [[Chris Adighije]] | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Abia State]], [[Nigeria]] | party = }} A họpụtara John Bob Nwannunu ka ọ bụrụ Sinetọ na-anọchite anya mpaghara Abia Central nke Steeti Abia, Naịjirịa, na mmalite nke Republic nke Anọ nke Naịjirịa, n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ pati All People's Party (APP). Ọ malitere ọrụ ya n'ụbọchị nke 29 n'ọnwa Mee, afọ 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt|title=FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA LEGISLATIVE ELECTION OF 20 FEBRUARY AND 7 MARCH 1999|work=Psephos|accessdate=2010-06-19}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọsịrị n'ọkwa na Sineti, a họpụtara ya na kọmitii ndị na-ahụ maka nhọrọ, mmanụ ala, nkwukọrịta, ike na ígwè na ọrụ ugbo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|title=Congressional Committees|publisher=Nigeria Congress|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|archivedate=2009-11-18}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote onye ndu APP n'Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/29/20010429pol04.html|title=Haruna Abubakar: Toxic Fuel as Archile's Heel|author=Chukwudi Nwabuko|work=ThisDay|date=2001-04-29|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051120151628/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/29/20010429pol04.html|archivedate=2005-11-20}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2001, mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka mgbanwe ọchịchị nke Onyeisiala Olusegun Obasanjo, o kwuru na ndị otu minista mbụ nke Obasanjo emeghị nke ọma n'ọkwa ya n'ihi na ha lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ga-esote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/01/30/20010130news03.html|title=Cabinet: President Briefs Na'Abba, Mantu, Others|author=Chukwudi Nwabuko Chuks Okocha, Goddy Eweremadu and Tokunbo Adedoja|work=ThisDay|date=2001-01-30|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210173438/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/01/30/20010130news03.html|archivedate=2004-12-10}}</ref> = mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ= A mụrụ John Bob Nwannunu na Septemba 5, 1950 na Abia Steeti, Naịjirịa. Ọ zụrụ ọzụzụ dịka dọkịta ma rụọ ọrụ na ngalaba ahụike nkeonwe tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Nkọwa gbasara agụmakwụkwọ nwata ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọ gara enweghị oke na ebe ndị nwere onwe ha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Udo |first=Mary |date=2017-03-20 |title=NWANNUNU, Dr (Sen) John Bob |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/nwannunu-dr-sen-john-bob/ |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ojuo5fckp1ed36c1rtlxul0zyjxdzq1 692086 692085 2026-07-29T12:03:37Z Chinemeremprince 13026 692086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = John Bob Nwannunu | image = | office1 = Senator for Abia Central | termstart1 = 29 May 1999 | termend1 = 29 May 2003 | predecessor1 = | successor1 = [[Chris Adighije]] | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Abia State]], [[Nigeria]] | party = }} A họpụtara John Bob Nwannunu ka ọ bụrụ Sinetọ na-anọchite anya mpaghara Abia Central nke Steeti Abia, Naịjirịa, na mmalite nke Republic nke Anọ nke Naịjirịa, n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ pati All People's Party (APP). Ọ malitere ọrụ ya n'ụbọchị nke 29 n'ọnwa Mee, afọ 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt|title=FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA LEGISLATIVE ELECTION OF 20 FEBRUARY AND 7 MARCH 1999|work=Psephos|accessdate=2010-06-19}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọsịrị n'ọkwa na Sineti, a họpụtara ya na kọmitii ndị na-ahụ maka nhọrọ, mmanụ ala, nkwukọrịta, ike na ígwè na ọrụ ugbo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|title=Congressional Committees|publisher=Nigeria Congress|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|archivedate=2009-11-18}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote onye ndu APP n'Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/29/20010429pol04.html|title=Haruna Abubakar: Toxic Fuel as Archile's Heel|author=Chukwudi Nwabuko|work=ThisDay|date=2001-04-29|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051120151628/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/29/20010429pol04.html|archivedate=2005-11-20}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2001, mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka mgbanwe ọchịchị nke Onyeisiala Olusegun Obasanjo, o kwuru na ndị otu minista mbụ nke Obasanjo emeghị nke ọma n'ọkwa ya n'ihi na ha lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ga-esote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/01/30/20010130news03.html|title=Cabinet: President Briefs Na'Abba, Mantu, Others|author=Chukwudi Nwabuko Chuks Okocha, Goddy Eweremadu and Tokunbo Adedoja|work=ThisDay|date=2001-01-30|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210173438/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/01/30/20010130news03.html|archivedate=2004-12-10}}</ref> = mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ= A mụrụ John Bob Nwannunu na Septemba 5, 1950 na Abia Steeti, Naịjirịa. Ọ zụrụ ọzụzụ dịka dọkịta ma rụọ ọrụ na ngalaba ahụike nkeonwe tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Nkọwa gbasara agụmakwụkwọ nwata ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọ gara enweghị oke na ebe ndị nwere onwe ha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Udo |first=Mary |date=2017-03-20 |title=NWANNUNU, Dr (Sen) John Bob |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/nwannunu-dr-sen-john-bob/ |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] m7g00r7ft1njwd7fncaz9limmbgjgsn 692087 692086 2026-07-29T12:04:50Z Chinemeremprince 13026 692087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = John Bob Nwannunu | image = | office1 = Senator for Abia Central | termstart1 = 29 May 1999 | termend1 = 29 May 2003 | predecessor1 = | successor1 = [[Chris Adighije]] | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Abia State]], [[Nigeria]] | party = }} A họpụtara John Bob Nwannunu ka ọ bụrụ Sinetọ na-anọchite anya mpaghara Abia Central nke Steeti Abia, Naịjirịa, na mmalite nke Republic nke Anọ nke Naịjirịa, n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ pati All People's Party (APP). Ọ malitere ọrụ ya n'ụbọchị nke 29 n'ọnwa Mee, afọ 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt|title=FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA LEGISLATIVE ELECTION OF 20 FEBRUARY AND 7 MARCH 1999|work=Psephos|accessdate=2010-06-19}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọsịrị n'ọkwa na Sineti, a họpụtara ya na kọmitii ndị na-ahụ maka nhọrọ, mmanụ ala, nkwukọrịta, ike na ígwè na ọrụ ugbo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|title=Congressional Committees|publisher=Nigeria Congress|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|archivedate=2009-11-18}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote onye ndu APP n'Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/29/20010429pol04.html|title=Haruna Abubakar: Toxic Fuel as Archile's Heel|author=Chukwudi Nwabuko|work=ThisDay|date=2001-04-29|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051120151628/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/29/20010429pol04.html|archivedate=2005-11-20}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2001, mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka mgbanwe ọchịchị nke Onyeisiala Olusegun Obasanjo, o kwuru na ndị otu minista mbụ nke Obasanjo emeghị nke ọma n'ọkwa ya n'ihi na ha lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ga-esote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/01/30/20010130news03.html|title=Cabinet: President Briefs Na'Abba, Mantu, Others|author=Chukwudi Nwabuko Chuks Okocha, Goddy Eweremadu and Tokunbo Adedoja|work=ThisDay|date=2001-01-30|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210173438/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/01/30/20010130news03.html|archivedate=2004-12-10}}</ref> = mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ= A mụrụ John Bob Nwannunu na Septemba 5, 1950 na Abia Steeti, Naịjirịa. Ọ zụrụ ọzụzụ dịka dọkịta ma rụọ ọrụ na ngalaba ahụike nkeonwe tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Nkọwa gbasara agụmakwụkwọ nwata ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọ gara enweghị oke na ebe ndị nwere onwe ha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Udo |first=Mary |date=2017-03-20 |title=NWANNUNU, Dr (Sen) John Bob |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/nwannunu-dr-sen-john-bob/ |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == A họpụtara John Bob Nwannunu ka ọ nọchite anya Abia Central Senatorial District na [[Nigerian Sineti]] na ntuli aka izugbe nke afọ 1999 n'elu ikpo okwu nke All People's Party (APP), nke e mechara mara dị ka [[Nigeria Peoples Party]] (ANPP). Ọ jere ozi dịka onye otu nke anọ nke nzuko omeiwu mba site na 29 Mee 1999 ruo 29 Mee 2003. N'oge ọchịchị ya, ọ jere ozi na ọtụtụ kọmitii Sineti, gụnyere Kọmitii na-ahụ maka nhọrọ, mmanụ ala, nkwukọrịta, ike na ígwè, na ọrụ ugbo. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka osote onye ndu nke APP na Sineti. Na 2001, Nwannunu katọrọ arụmọrụ nke kabinet mbụ nke Onyeisiala Olusegun Obasanjo, na-ekwu na ụfọdụ ndị minista emezughị atụmanya ọha. == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] m9vrfzpdjwqpuof553zcjj3t8bswrws 692088 692087 2026-07-29T12:05:48Z Chinemeremprince 13026 692088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = John Bob Nwannunu | image = | office1 = Senator for Abia Central | termstart1 = 29 May 1999 | termend1 = 29 May 2003 | predecessor1 = | successor1 = [[Chris Adighije]] | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Abia State]], [[Nigeria]] | party = }} A họpụtara John Bob Nwannunu ka ọ bụrụ Sinetọ na-anọchite anya mpaghara Abia Central nke Steeti Abia, Naịjirịa, na mmalite nke Republic nke Anọ nke Naịjirịa, n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ pati All People's Party (APP). Ọ malitere ọrụ ya n'ụbọchị nke 29 n'ọnwa Mee, afọ 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt|title=FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA LEGISLATIVE ELECTION OF 20 FEBRUARY AND 7 MARCH 1999|work=Psephos|accessdate=2010-06-19}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọsịrị n'ọkwa na Sineti, a họpụtara ya na kọmitii ndị na-ahụ maka nhọrọ, mmanụ ala, nkwukọrịta, ike na ígwè na ọrụ ugbo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|title=Congressional Committees|publisher=Nigeria Congress|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|archivedate=2009-11-18}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote onye ndu APP n'Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/29/20010429pol04.html|title=Haruna Abubakar: Toxic Fuel as Archile's Heel|author=Chukwudi Nwabuko|work=ThisDay|date=2001-04-29|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051120151628/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/29/20010429pol04.html|archivedate=2005-11-20}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2001, mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka mgbanwe ọchịchị nke Onyeisiala Olusegun Obasanjo, o kwuru na ndị otu minista mbụ nke Obasanjo emeghị nke ọma n'ọkwa ya n'ihi na ha lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ga-esote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/01/30/20010130news03.html|title=Cabinet: President Briefs Na'Abba, Mantu, Others|author=Chukwudi Nwabuko Chuks Okocha, Goddy Eweremadu and Tokunbo Adedoja|work=ThisDay|date=2001-01-30|accessdate=2010-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210173438/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/01/30/20010130news03.html|archivedate=2004-12-10}}</ref> = mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ= A mụrụ John Bob Nwannunu na Septemba 5, 1950 na Abia Steeti, Naịjirịa. Ọ zụrụ ọzụzụ dịka dọkịta ma rụọ ọrụ na ngalaba ahụike nkeonwe tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Nkọwa gbasara agụmakwụkwọ nwata ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọ gara enweghị oke na ebe ndị nwere onwe ha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Udo |first=Mary |date=2017-03-20 |title=NWANNUNU, Dr (Sen) John Bob |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/nwannunu-dr-sen-john-bob/ |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == A họpụtara John Bob Nwannunu ka ọ nọchite anya Abia Central Senatorial District na [[Nigerian Sineti]] na ntuli aka izugbe nke afọ 1999 n'elu ikpo okwu nke All People's Party (APP), nke e mechara mara dị ka [[Nigeria Peoples Party]] (ANPP). Ọ jere ozi dịka onye otu nke anọ nke nzuko omeiwu mba site na 29 Mee 1999 ruo 29 Mee 2003. N'oge ọchịchị ya, ọ jere ozi na ọtụtụ kọmitii Sineti, gụnyere Kọmitii na-ahụ maka nhọrọ, mmanụ ala, nkwukọrịta, ike na ígwè, na ọrụ ugbo. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka osote onye ndu nke APP na Sineti. Na 2001, Nwannunu katọrọ arụmọrụ nke kabinet mbụ nke Onyeisiala Olusegun Obasanjo, na-ekwu na ụfọdụ ndị minista emezughị atụmanya ọha. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2022-05-08 |title=2023: Familiar faces square off in contest for Abia Senate seats |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/2023-familiar-faces-square-off-in-contest-for-abia-senate-seats/ |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria {{!}} Inter-Parliamentary Union |url=https://www.ipu.org/parliament/NG |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=www.ipu.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=THISDAYLIVE – Truth and Reason |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/ |access-date=2026-07-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mnjncsml09ha7j7j2y3ef9fiaqnu94n 0 77359 692437 671690 2026-07-30T04:36:12Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference errors 692437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = [[His Excellency]] | name = Ikechukwu Emetu | alt = | caption = | office = [[Deputy Governor of Abia State]] | governor = [[Alex Otti]] | term_start = 29 May 2023 | predecessor = [[Ude Oko Chukwu]] | successor = | birth_name = Ikechukwu Lekwachi Emetu | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|04|09|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Ohafia]], [[Imo State]] (now in [[Abia State]]), Nigeria | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Labour Party (Nigeria)|Labour Party]] | spouse = Adaeze Chidera Emetu | children = | relations = | education = | occupation = {{hlist|Politician|engineer}} | alma_mater = [[Federal University of Technology Owerri]] | profession = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Ikechukwu Lekwachi Emetu''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578_(ibo)-Goodymeraj-Ikechukwu_Lekwachi_Emetu.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 9 n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1984) bụ onye injinia na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria nke jere ozi dị ka osote gọvanọ nke Abia Steeti kemgbe afọ 2023.<ref name="Post">{{Cite news|title=Abia 2023: LP's Alex Otti selects 38-year-oĺd Emetu as running mate|date=24 August 2022|first=Wale|author=Odunsi|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/08/24/abia-2023-lps-alex-otti-selects-38-year-old-emetu-as-running-mate/|accessdate=5 April 2023|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == Emetu si Ohafia..<ref>{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=2022-08-24|title=Abia Governorship: Alex Otti Unveils 38-Year-Old As Running Mate|url=https://gazettengr.com/abia-governorship-alex-otti-unveils-38-year-old-as-running-mate/|accessdate=2023-04-07|work=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ injinia petrochemical. Dịka nkwupụta nke Gọvanọ Alex Otti nke News Agency of Nigeria wepụtara si kwuo, a họpụtara Emetu dịka onye ga-eso pati ahụ zọọ ọkwa tupu ntuli aka gọvanọ nke steeti Abia nke afọ 2023..<ref name="Post" /> O nwetara asambodo nloghachi ya na 29 Maachị 2023.<ref name="thisdaylive.com">{{Cite news|title=Otti Receives Certificate of Return, Pledges Not to Disappoint Abians|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2023/03/30/otti-receives-certificate-of-return-pledges-not-to-disappoint-abians/|accessdate=2023-04-07|work=[[This Day]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-29|title=Abia State Governor-Elect, Alex Otti Receives Certificate of Return {{!}} AIT LIVE|url=https://ait.live/abia-state-governor-elect-alex-otti-receives-certificate-of-return/|accessdate=2023-04-07|work=[[Africa Independent Television]]|language=en-US}}</ref> === Onye osote gọvanọ === .<ref name="thisdaylive.com" /> Emetu egwu ọrụ dị ka osote Gọvanọ nke Abia Steeti na 29 Mee 2023 mgbe emesịrị ọkwa onye isi steeti. === Nkwupụta ihu ọha === N'anyị Disemba afọ 2024, Emetu kwuru na ụdị Abia Steeti kpebisiri ike gburugburu ebe obibi azụmahịa nke ya bụ echiche ego na ndị ọrụ ego steeti steeti ahụ..<ref>{{Cite news|author=Agwu|first=Udoka|title=Abia is committed to fostering business-friendly environment – Emetu|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|date=22 December 2024|url=https://businessday.ng/life/article/abia-is-committed-fostering-business-friendly-environment-emetu/}}</ref> == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 324j9sue25eml5txmzmzqjtwrx3vdby 0 77475 692089 689589 2026-07-29T12:36:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Uitkamp wetlands Cape Town - Watsonias and Arum lilies.jpg|thumb|Uitkamp wetlands Cape Town]]   Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve bụ ebe nchekwa mmiri dị hekta 32 (79-acre) nke dị na Durbanville na mpaghara Western Cape nke South Africa . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/EnvironmentalResourceManagement/publications/Pages/BrochuresBooklets.aspx|title=Environmental resources and downloads. City of Cape Town. Environmental Resource Management Dept|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223125053/http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/EnvironmentalResourceManagement/publications/Pages/Brochuresbooklets.aspx|archivedate=2012-12-23}}</ref> == Ụdị dị iche iche == Ogige ahụ nwere mpaghara ise kewara ekewa site na okporo ụzọ. Ọ na-echebe ihe karịrị ụdị osisi 279, nke 30 n'ime ha nọ n'ihe ize ndụ <ref name=":0" /> na ọtụtụ dị ụkọ. watsonia na arum lily na-acha pinki pinki na-ekpuchi ala mmiri n'oge opupu ihe ubi, tinyere restios, orchid, sundews na okooko osisi ndị ọzọ mara mma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.calflora.net/southafrica/capeflora.html|title=Flora of the Western Cape}}</ref> Nnukwu ihe iyi egwu na [[Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetland|Ala mmiri]] ahụ sitere na osisi ndị ọzọ na-awakpo Port Jackson (''Acacia saligna'') na Ahịhịa Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum); <ref>{{Cite web|title=City of Cape Town Nature Reserves. Free Booklet|url=http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/EnvironmentalResourceManagement/publications/Documents/CCT_Nature_Reserves_book_2010-02.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122115114/http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/EnvironmentalResourceManagement/publications/Documents/CCT_Nature_Reserves_book_2010-02.pdf|archivedate=2010-11-22}}</ref> E dekọrọ ụdị osisi 15 na-awụpo. <ref name=":0" /> === Ahịhịa === Ụdị osisi ndị kachasị n'ime mmiri bụ Typha capensis (nke bụ onye na-awakpo na gburugburu ebe obibi a) na Juncus effusus .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan|url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archivedate=2023-10-03|accessdate=2026-07-06}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref><gallery> Faịlụ:Geissorhiza_radians_flower_Swartland_Shale_Renosterveld_-_Uitkamp_Cape_Town.jpg|''Geissorhiza radians'' flower growing in Swartland Shale Renosterveld at Uitkamp reserve. </gallery> === Anụ na-enye nwa ara === Anụmanụ ndị a na-ahụ n'ime ogige ahụ na-adịkarị obere ma na-eme n'abalị. Bucks a chọtara bụ Common duiker, Steenbok na Cape grysbok. Nnukwu Mongoose na-acha ntụ ntụ bụ anụ na-eri ibe ya n'ime ebe nchekwa ahụ. A na-eche na Caracal na Cape fox na-eleta mgbe ụfọdụ.<ref name=":0"/> Ụmụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na-enye nwa ara gụnyere: * Nkịta ọhịa nwere ntị bat * Mongoos na-acha ntụ ntụ * Mongoose na-acha odo odo * Mongoliano * Ezì ọhịa Cape * Anụ ọhịa nwere eriri * Anụ ọhịa African pygmy * Shrew ọhịa === Nnụnụ === E nwere ụdị nnụnụ 67 a hụrụ n'ime ebe nchekwa ahụ.<ref name=":0"/> === Anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ === E nwere ụdị anụ na-akpụ akpụ iri na atọ dị n'ime ebe a na-echekwa anụ; ngwere anọ, agwọ isii, na mbe atọ. Ụdị ngwere kachasị ewu ewu bụ gecko Ocellated. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị agwọ bụ: <ref name=":0"/> * Onye na-eri slug * Agwọ na-agba agba * Agwọ na-acha ọbara ọbara / Herald Igurube gụnyere Marsh terrapin na Parrot-beaked tortoise. === Anụ ndị bi n'ala na n'ala === A chọtawo otu ụdị anụmanụ na-ebi n'ala na n'ebe nchekwa ahụ, ụgbụgbọ mmiri Clicking.<ref name=":0"/> === Anụmanụ ndị nwere azụ === A na-ahụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke Cape ebe a.<ref name=":0"/> == Hụkwa == * Ụdị dị iche iche nke Cape Town * Ndepụta nke ebe nchekwa okike na Cape Town * Swartland Shale Renosterveld * [[Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetland]] * Ogige Nchekwa Ihe Ochie nke Durbanville == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] g21wc8vtfwfgwoyhwk2zev1p62wyoyq 0 77565 692459 688115 2026-07-30T07:48:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ọdọ mmiri Débo bụ ọdọ mmiri dị n'etiti Mali, nke idei mmiri nke mpaghara nnakọta mmiri nke Osimiri Niger na-eme n'oge ụfọdụ n'afọ na-emepụta. Ọ dị n'ime Inner Niger Delta nke Osimiri Niger.N'oge mmiri osimiri na-ebili elu, delta ahụ nke ọdọ mmiri, obere iyi, na mmiri ndị na-anọ n'akụkụ osimiri na-emepụta na-abụ akụkụ nke Ọdọ mmiri Débo. Inner Niger Delta nwere ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri sara mbara, nke na-emighị emi na ala mmiri apịtị idei mmiri juru. Delta a na-agbatị ihe dị ka kilomita 320 (maịl 200) n'ogologo ma nwee obosara nke kilomita 80 (maịl 50).N'oge mmiri na-asọ nke ukwuu, Ọdọ mmiri Débo dị ihe dị ka kilomita 80 (maịl 50) site na Mopti n'akụkụ elu osimiri ya, nke dị n'ebe ndịda, ma dịkwa ihe dị ka kilomita 240 (maịl 150) site na Timbuktu n'akụkụ ala osimiri ya, nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ.Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri kachasị ukwuu n'ime ọtụtụ ala mmiri na ọdọ mmiri ndị na-apụta naanị n'oge ụfọdụ n'afọ nke mejupụtara Inner Niger Delta, ma bụrụkwa ọdọ mmiri kachasị ukwuu na Mali. Nha ya na-ebelata nke ukwuu n'oge ọkọchị, site na Septemba ruo Maachị.E gosipụtara ịdị adị nke ọdọ mmiri a, nke a na-akpọ "Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu", n'ime Inner Niger Delta nke Osimiri Niger n'etiti Jenne na Timbuktu na Mali, mgbe e nyochachara maapụ mpaghara ahụ nke ọma, nke na-ekpuchi oge sitere n'afọ 1000 ruo 1900 AD. A mụrụ maapụ 400 nke oge ahụ. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Faịlụ:Lake_Debo_NASA.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|Ọdọ Mmiri Débo a hụrụ site na mbara igwe]] Ọdọ mmiri a, nke a na-akpọ "Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu" n'ime Delta nke Osimiri Niger n'etiti Jenne na Timbuktu na Mali, bụ nke ndị Europe maara site n'oge mbụ. Akụkọ mbụ a maara banyere ya bụ na puku afọ mbụ BC. Ptolemy kọwara ya dị ka nke nwere ọdịdị barbell. Nnyocha nke ihe karịrị map 400 nke mpaghara ahụ mepụtara n'ime oge site na 1000 ruo 1900 AD chọpụtara na ọdọ mmiri ahụ pụtara na pasentị 95; naanị ihe ngosi egosiri na map ndị ọzọ bụ Naịl. <ref name="Maps" /> <ref name="Beacon">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta/InlandNigerDelta_files/v3_document.htm|title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Beacon|author=Gerald J. Rizzo|publisher=Afriterra Foundation|accessdate=2013-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223241/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta/InlandNigerDelta_files/v3_document.htm|archivedate=2016-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Patterns and Meaning of a Great Lake in West Africa|author=Gerald J. Rizzo|pages=80–89|doi=10.1080/03085690500362439|journal=Imago Mundi|volume=58 (Part 1)|year=2006}}</ref> A maara ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche dị ka Nigrite Palus, ọdọ mmiri Sigisma, ọdọ mmiri Guber, ọdọ mmiri Guarda, Bog/Morais of Guarda,ọdọ mmiri Maberia, Bahar Seafeena, ọdọ mmiri Dibbie, mana a maara ya ugbu a dị ka ọdọ mmiri Débo.A na-enyocha Osimiri Niger dị ka osimiri na-eto eto nke dị afọ 2000 ma ka na-akwụsi ike. Otú ọ dị, ọwa okike enweela ọtụtụ mgbanwe.<ref name="wetland">{{Cite web|url=http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/inner_niger_delta_report.pdf|title=Support Project for Wetland Management In the Inner Niger Delta|accessdate=22 March 2012|publisher=Cmsdata.iucn.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024042541/https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/inner_niger_delta_report.pdf|archivedate=24 October 2012}}</ref> == Ọdịdị ala == [[Faịlụ:AT0903_map.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Inner Niger Delta, gụnyere Lake Debo, map ecoregion savanna]] E guzobere ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'elu mmiri Niger na Bani. Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri a ma ama na Mali, nke nwere dayameta nke 30 km (19 mi) na nke na-adịghị omimi ya mere nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri enweghị ike ịgafe ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name="Velton2004">{{Cite book|author=Ross Velton|title=Mali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DLs1WaRmXBQC&pg=PA172|accessdate=20 March 2013|date=1 December 2004|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-077-0|pages=172–}}</ref> N'elu Okwu nke osimiri ndị a, ndagwurugwu ugwu dị nro nke na-akpata mbelata nke mmiri na okike nke ọdọ mmiri a. Ndagwurugwu a kọrọ tupu e kee ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ 1.5 kwa 160 km ( 100 mi). A na-ekewa ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na ihe mgbochi gaa na mpaghara abụọ, nke dị n'elu na nke dị n"okpuru. Ihe mgbochi ahụ gbatịrị ọtụtụ 'ebe ndịda. N'èzí ihe mgbochi ahụ, ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị warara ma dị ogologo ma a naghị ahụ ya anya.<ref name="Caillie2013">{{Cite book|author=Caillie|title=Travels Through Central Africa to Timbuctoo and Across the Great Desert to Morocco 1824-28|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1CL4YQkApkC&pg=PA21|accessdate=20 March 2013|date=7 March 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-42792-0|pages=21–}}</ref> [[Mto Bani|Osimiri Bani]] Lisa na-abanye na Niger n'elu Dire. Ọ na-esi n'akụkụ ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri Debo pụọ na deltas ma na-asọba n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.Issa Baris , isi aka nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ, na-esi n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ pụọ n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ wee tụgharịa n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ iji sonyere Bara Lisa.<ref name="Shahin2002">{{Cite book|author=M. Shahin|title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmdYFTlcSgEC&pg=PA307|accessdate=20 March 2013|date=30 November 2002|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-0866-5|pages=307–}}</ref> Ọdịdị ala na ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ "site na nkume crystalline Precambrian sandstone compacted na Taoudeni Syncline sara mbara dị ka onye na-ekpuchi ala ma kpuchie ya na ihe siri ike nke simenti-laterite. "Ndagwurugwu dị larịị na ọdịdị ala nke àkwà ahụ emeela ka e meandering na ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri, nke dugara n'ị n'ịpụta ọdịdị nke Delta nke Niger. Delta dị n'ime nwere ọtụtụ ọwa sara mbara, nke na-adịghị omimi na mmiri na-asọ asọ; delta a na-agbasa n'ogologo nke 320 km (200 mi) na obosara nke 80 km (50 mi). A na-ekwu site na nyocha nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ map 400 na ọ bụ delta nke bụ mmalite ọdọ mmiri ahụ nakwa na ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu na delta ahụ.<ref name="Maps">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html|title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Connection|accessdate=18 March 2013|publisher=Afriterra.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html|archivedate=9 June 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. Afriterra.org. Archived from on 9 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ọwa osimiri sara mbara na nha ya na-agbanwe agbanwe na mgbanwe nke ọkwa mmiri na ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{Cite book|author=Ralph H. Hughes|title=Iucn Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA394|accessdate=20 March 2013|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|pages=394–}}</ref> Ọ na-enyekwa nkwenye nke ọdịdị nke mmiri a na-egbochi ma gụnyekwa Erg nke mpaghara Bara.<ref name="McIntosh2005">{{Cite book|author=Roderick J. McIntosh|title=Ancient Middle Niger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i72Q2e35P6kC&pg=PA68|accessdate=20 March 2013|date=29 September 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81300-6|pages=68–}}</ref> Idei mmiri kachasị na ọdọ mmiri ahụ na delta na-eme n'oge Nọvemba na Disemba.<ref name="ThiemeAbell2005">{{Cite book|author=Michele L. Thieme|title=Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA187|accessdate=20 March 2013|date=5 April 2005|publisher=Island Press|isbn=978-1-59726-791-5|pages=187–}}</ref> N'okpuru Ọdọ Mmiri Debo, ndagwurugwu Osimiri Niger nwere ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri ndị dị n'ogo dị ala karịa ọkwa mmiri nke osimiri ahụ.Dị ka akụkụ nke Delta Etiti Niger, Ọdọ Mmiri Debo bụ nke kachasị ukwuu. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ akụkụ nke Osimiri Niger, nha ya na-agbanwe dabere n'ịrị elu na ịda ogo mmiri nke osimiri ahụ. Oge idei mmiri kacha ukwuu na-eme n'osimiri ahụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba na Disemba.Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere nnukwu mbara mmiri nke na-agbasa n'akụkụ niile. Osimiri na-apụta n'ọnụ ụzọ ọpụpụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere obosara ihe dị ka kilomita 10 ma na-aga otu ogologo ahụ n'ihu. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ na-adị warara ma na-ekewa n'ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri. Nke a na-eme ka agwaetiti apịtị pụta, ebe omimi mmiri na-adịkarị n'agbata mita 2.4 na 3.0 (8-10 ft).Ndị Foolahs, bụ ndị na-akwagharị na-azụ anụ ma bi n'ebe ahụ, na-eji ala apịtị ndị a dị ka ebe ịta nri anụ ụlọ n'oge ọkọchị. Mgbe oge ahụ gachara, ha na-alaghachi n'ebe obibi ha dị n'ime mpaghara nnukwu ndagwurugwu ahụ.<ref name="West Africa">{{Cite book|title=West Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oOMNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA253|accessdate=20 March 2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|pages=253–|id=GGKEY:XNB450PQT77|year=1957}}</ref><ref name="GreatheedParken1830">{{Cite book|author=Samuel Greatheed|title=The Eclectic Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkcwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA307|accessdate=20 March 2013|year=1830|pages=307–}}</ref> N'oge idei mmiri kacha elu, a na-akọ na mmiri idei na-abanye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Debo na-eru ihe dị ka 12,400 m³/s (440,000 cu ft/s). A na-echekwa nnukwu akụkụ nke mmiri a n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke na-eme ka mmiri na-apụ na ya belata ruo ihe dị ka 2,400 m³/s (85,000 cu ft/s) mgbe ọ rutere Niamey, isi obodo Niger.Kemgbe afọ 1962, ọbụna mmụba mmiri nke naanị 1,000 m³/s (35,000 cu ft/s) sitere n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ike ime ka ogo mmiri dị na mpaghara Niamey bawanye ihe dị ka mita 2 ( 6 ft 7 in), ruo n'ogo 181.51 mita (595 ft 6 in).<ref name="Bloise2000">{{Cite book|author=Remo Capra Bloise|title=Bridge Over Niger: The True Story of the J. F. Kennedy Bridge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mtq16YfSI_MC&pg=PA7|accessdate=10 March 2013|date=11 August 2000|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1-4697-7432-9|pages=7–}}</ref> === Ọnọdụ ihu igwe === Ọdọ mmiri dị na Sahel, n'ebe ndịda nke ọzara Sahara, nwere ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke a kọrọ na ọ bụ mpaghara mgbanwe nke ihu igwe Guinea na-ekpo ọkụ na ndịda ruo na ihu igwe kpọrọ nkụ na ókèala Sahara. Oge mmiri ozuzo na ndịda na-adị na July ruo October, na nkezi mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ nke 750 mm (). Otú ọ dị, oge mmiri ozuzo n'ebe ugwu na-adị na July ruo September, na nkezi mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ edere na 250 in). Okpomọkụ na-adịgasị iche na nkwenye siri ike n'oge. Nkezi okpomọkụ kachasị elu edere na Mee na Tombouctou bụ 43 na Mopti bụ 40 . Oge ihu igwe dị jụụ bụ site na Disemba ruo Jenụwarị na okpomọkụ na-agbadata na nke kacha nta nke 3 ruo 6 °F) n'akụkụ ugwu nke delta. N'oge mmiri juputara n'Ọdọ Mmiri Débo, mgbe ọ na-eru nha ya kachasị ukwuu, ọ dị ihe dị ka kilomita 80 (maili 50) site na Mopti n'akụkụ elu iyi ya, n'ebe ndịda, ma dịkwa ihe dị ka kilomita 240 (maili 150) site na Timbuktu n'akụkụ ala iyi ya, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ.Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri kachasị ukwuu n'ime ọtụtụ ala mmiri na ọdọ mmiri ndị na-apụta naanị n'oge ụfọdụ n'ime Inner Niger Delta, ma bụrụkwa ọdọ mmiri kachasị ukwuu na Mali. Nha ya na-ebelata nke ukwuu n'oge ọkọchị, nke na-adịkarị site n'ọnwa Septemba ruo Maachị.<ref name="Brit">{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/154733/Lac-Debo|title=Lac Débo|accessdate=21 March 2013|work=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name="world">{{Cite web|url=http://jinfeibao8844.com/Africa_Adventure_4.htm|title=Africa adventure 4|work=Update 019 April 24th, Debo Lake --Sunny Water World|accessdate=22 March 2013|publisher=Jinfeibao8844.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624055402/http://jinfeibao8844.com/Africa_Adventure_4.htm|archivedate=24 June 2012}}</ref> == Ahịhịa == [[Faịlụ:Cynodon_dactylon.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|''Cynodon dactylon'', ahịhịa dūrvā gras[[Dūrvā gras|dūrvā buru ibu]]]] Mgbe Ọdọ Mmiri Débo na Walado Débo ( Inner Niger Delta na Mali) jupụtara na mmiri, ha na-emepụta nnukwu ala ịta nri nke a na-akpọ ọnụ savanna ọhịa nke idei mmiri kpuchiri, nke nwere ọtụtụ ahịhịa mmiri na ụdị acacia abụọ bụ ndị kachasị baa ụba.A na-akpọ ebe ịta nri ndị a n'asụsụ obodo ahịhịa bourgou.A na-ahụkwa ụdị nkwụ dịka Hyphaene thebaica na Borassus aethiopum n'akụkụ ụsọ ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name="Science">{{Cite web|url=http://www.asciencejournal.net/asj/index.php/GIST/article/view/132/KONE|title=Applied GIS for Managing Flooded Pastures of Lake Debo and Walado Debo/Mali|accessdate=21 March 2013|publisher=Journal of GIS Trends|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016211627/http://www.asciencejournal.net/asj/index.php/GIST/article/view/132/KONE|archivedate=16 October 2011}}</ref> E nwere ụdị ala ịta ahịhịa atọ, akọwapụtara dabere na njikwa ya. Ndị a bụ: Ebe ịta nri nke ndị Fulani bi na ya nke Amiro (onye isi Joro) na-achịkwa; "Harima" (nke pụtara: mgbakọ mpaghara) na onye isi ''obodo nta'' ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ojiji ya; na ọtụtụ obere ala (n'ime obodo) nke e kewara ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. ahịhịa na-eto eto na-eri nri ma na-agbari ngwa ngwa na aha botanical nke ''Echinochloa stagnina'' (osisi na-eto ogologo oge) na ''Vossia cuspidata'', nke na-eto na omimi mmiri dịgasị iche (3-5 ). Ụdị ihe ọkụkụ, nke buru ibu, bụ Osikapa ọhịa (Oryza longistaminata na [[bartti]]). Ụdị osisi ọzọ nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi maka ájá bụ ''Vetiveria nigritiana,'' mgbe mmiri na-aga n'ọdọ mmiri na delta dị elu. Osisi ndị dị n'ime mmiri na-akwado ọkwa dịgasị iche iche nke mmiri n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ na ụdị ala na-achịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi nke mpaghara ahụ. Ụsọ ọdọ mmiri ahụ ndị na-adaba nwayọọ nwayọọ nwere obere ọhịa ndị jikọtara na ahịhịa na oghere ala efu, tinyere osisi ndị siri ike, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ụdị acacia.Akkagoun na Dentaka bụ mpaghara ọhịa gbara ọdọ mmiri ahụ na Delta Niger gburugburu, ma bụrụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ ụdị nnụnụ mmiri.A na-akọkwa na mmụba algae na-eme n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke nwere ike ime ka mmiri ghara ịdị doo anya dịka ọ na-adị na mbụ site n'ibelata nghọta mmiri. == Anụmanụ == [[Faịlụ:Hippopotamus_-_04.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Enyí mmiri]] Manatee nke West Africa bụ ụdị anụmanụ a ma ama na ọdọ mmiri ahụ nke a kọrọ na ọ bụ ebe obibi ikpeazụ ya n'ụwa.<ref name="Fishes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=508|title=Ecoregion Description:Inner Niger Delta|accessdate=22 March 2013|publisher=Fresh Water Ecoregions of the World, FWEO Organization|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029183644/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=508|archivedate=29 October 2013}}</ref> A na-akọkwa Enyí mmiri site na ọdọ mmiri ahụ (a na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ enyí mmiri dị 40 ruo 60). A na-akọkwa Agụ iyi Naịl site na ala mmiri. N'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ na ụdị anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara nke Delta a kọrọ gụnyere: antilope roan, dorcas gazelle, dama gazelle, red-fronted gazelle, ebe ụdị anụ na-akpụ akpụ gụnyere onye na-ahụ maka Naịl na African rock python. [[Faịlụ:Artis_black_crowned_crane1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Crane na-acha oji.]] Nnụnụ a na-ahụ n'ime mpaghara ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke bụ otu n'ime ala mmiri kachasị mkpa na Sahel, gụnyere ụdị sitere na mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi Palearctic na Afrotropical. E dekọrọ na ihe karịrị otu nde nnụnụ na-eji ọdọ mmiri ahụ eme ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ebe izu ike; ha gụnyere ọtụtụ nnụnụ na-akwaga ebe dị iche iche n'oge ụfọdụ na ndị na-anọgide ebe ahụ, dịka sand martin, yellow wagtail, reed cormorant, glossy ibis, spoonbill, great white egret, purple heron, ferruginous duck, white-winged black tern, ruff, na black-tailed godwit.Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ụdị nnụnụ nke mpaghara Afrotropical, dịka black crowned crane nke na-adịghị ahụkebe, na-aga n'ihu na-ebelata n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ha.N'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ na Delta Niger, mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta dị ka nke dị n'akụkụ oke osimiri, n'ihi na ikuku juputara n'olu nnụnụ mmiri na gull.<ref name="Narayan2012">{{Cite book|author=Kirin Narayan|authorlink=Kirin Narayan|title=Alive in the Writing: Crafting Ethnography in the Company of Chekhov|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdFFyWmehRoC&pg=PA32|accessdate=10 March 2013|date=26 January 2012|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-56792-1|pages=32–}}</ref> Dị ka ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ebe dị mkpa maka nnụnụ na-agagharị agagharị, UNESCO ekewaala ya dị ka mpaghara Ramsar n'okpuru aha Lake Walado Débo dum, nke bụ akụkụ nke delta dị n'ime ya nwere ụdị nnụnụ 350, gụnyere ụdị nnụisi 118 na-agafe agagharị. [[Faịlụ:Giant_Barb.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|nnukwu afụ ọnụ]] ''Synodontis gobroni'' na ''Gobiocichla wonderi'' bụ ụdị azụ abụọ dị na ọdọ mmiri ahụ nke bụ akụkụ nke delta dị n'ime ala. Anụmanụ mmiri dị na Delta Niger dum, nke na-anọchitekwa anya ndụ mmiri dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Débo, gụnyere ụdị azụ 130, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere n'ezinụlọ Mormyridae, Mochokidae, na Cyprinidae.E nwekwara ọtụtụ ụdị azụ na-akwaga ebe dị iche iche, ndị na-eso Osimiri Niger bịa n'ógbè a. N'ime azụ ndị a na-akwaga, Brycinus leuciscus, nke bụ otu n'ime azụ African tetras, na-eme njem dị anya ruo Delta Niger, ma na-erukwa n'okpuru Ụlọ Mgbochi Mmiri Markala == Omenala == Mgbe Osimiri [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Niger]] na Bani na-aga n'ihu, a na-eme ọrụ ịkụ azụ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na iji ụgbọ mmiri. Onye ọkụ azụ agbụrụ Bozo, onye bi n'ikperé mmiri ahụ na-etinye aka na ọrụ ndị a. N'oge ọkọchị, ọtụtụ ndị agbụrụ Fula na-agagharị agagharị na-abịa n'ógbè ọdọ mmiri a dị ka ebe ha na-aga n'oge njem n'oge oge ya na ìgwè atụrụ ha si n'ebe ugwu. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 231scga1o9m5tvg59vlbh8lasje85ra 0 77566 692460 688123 2026-07-30T08:04:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ọdọ mmiri dị ọcha na Kenya}} {{Infobox body of water | name = Lake Naivasha | image = Naivasha lake.jpg | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = | coords = {{coord|0|46|6.70|S|36|21|2.32|E|region:KE_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = Kenya | length = | width = | area = {{convert|139|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | max-depth = {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1,884|m|ft|abbr=on}} | frozen = | islands = | cities = | pushpin_map = Kenya | pushpin_map_alt = Location of lake in Kenya |embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 10 April 1995 | designation1_number = 724<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Naivasha|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/724|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} [[File:Naivasha ast 2008033 lrg.jpg|thumb|Foto satịlaịtị nke Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha]] [[File:KE-Naivasha.png|thumb|Ọnọdụ Naivasha dị na Kenya]] '''Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha''' bụ [[Mmiri ọhụrụ|mmiri ọhụrụ]] [[ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley|ọdọ mmiri]] dị na [[Kenya]], n'èzí obodo [[Naivasha]] dị na [[Nakuru County]], n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke [[Nairobi]] dị na [[Great Rift Valley, Kenya|Great Rift Valley]]. Aha a sitere na aha [[asụsụ Maasai|Maasai]] nke obodo bụ ''ɛnaɨpɔ́sha '', nke pụtara "ihe na-efe efe," okwu Maasai a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka [[Ahụ mmiri|ahụ mmiri]] buru ibu nke na ọ ga-enwe ike ime ihe mgbe ifufe na-efe ma ọ bụ oké ebiri mmiri na-efe. Naivasha malitere site na mgbalị ndị Britain mere ịkpọ aha [[Maasai Mara|Maasai]]. N'ezie, ''Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha'' pụtara "Ọdọ Mmiri." ==Ọnọdụ== [[File:Quiet dusk over Lake Naivasha (5232083375).jpg|thumb|Mgbede na Lake Naivasha]] Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha bụ ọdọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ na ndagwurugwu Rift nke Kenya. Ọ dị na njikọta dị mgbagwoju anya nke [[okwute ugwu mgbawa]] na [[nkume mmiri mmiri|ebe nchekwa mmiri]] site na nnukwu ọdọ mmiri oge [[Pleistocene]]. E wezụga iyi ndị na-adịghị agafe agafe, osimiri ndị na-adịgide adịgide [[Osimiri Malewa|Malewa]] na [[Osimiri Gilgil|Gilgil]] na-azụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Enweghị ebe a maara esi abata, mana ebe ọ bụ na mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ọhụrụ, a na-eche na ọ na-esi n'okpuru ala apụta.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Q1pfcjMae8C&pg=PA1 |title=Lake Naivasha, Kenya |first=David M. |last=Harper |publisher=Springer |year=2003 |isbn=1-4020-1236-5}}</ref> Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere oke ala nkịtị nke {{convert|139|km2}}<ref name="MoiArusei">"THE OUTFLOW OF LAKE NAIVASHA BASED ON THE STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION" (characteristics), M.K. Arusei, J. K Sanga, M.P Tole, Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental Studies, [[Moi University]], P.O Box 3900 [[Eldoret, Kenya]], webpage:[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050612173509/http://www.unep.org/gef/content/pdf/35-Arusei.pdf UNEP-Moi-Arusei-PDF] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050612173509/http://www.unep.org/gef/content/pdf/35-Arusei.pdf |date=2005-06-12 }}</ref> tupu afọ 2010, ma mụbaa ruo {{convert|198|km2}} ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Tobiko |first=Keriako |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Kenya Government and UNDP |archive-date=2022-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |url-status=dead |accessdate=2026-07-08 |archivedate=2022-04-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf }}</ref> Apịtị nke {{convert|64|km2}} gbara ya gburugburu, nke na-agbanwe dabere na mmiri ozuzo. N'ịdị elu nke {{convert|1,884|m}},<ref name="MoiArusei" /> ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere nkezi omimi nke {{convert|6|m}}, ebe mpaghara kachasị omimi dị na Crescent Island, yana oke omimi nke {{convert|30|m}}.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> Njorowa Gorge bụbu ebe ọdọ mmiri ahụ si apụta, mana ọ dị ugbu a n'elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ ma bụrụ ọnụ ụzọ mbata [[Hell's Gate National Park]]. Obodo [[Naivasha]] (nke bụbu East Nakuru) dị n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. ==Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi== [[File:Lake Naivasha, Kenya (32487531978).jpg|thumb|Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba nke Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha]] Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ụdị anụ ọhịa dị iche iche gụnyere ihe karịrị [[ụdị]] dị iche iche 400 nke [[nnụnụ]] na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke [[[Hippopotamus|hippo]]. Ndị mmadụ na-azụ azụ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ agbanweela nke ukwuu ka oge na-aga, mgbanwe ihu igwe, mbọ ịkụ azụ na iwebata ụdị ndị na-awakpo ha metụtara ya. Mgbanwe kachasị ọhụrụ n'ọnụọgụgụ azụ̀ sochiri mmalite nke [[cap nkịtị]] na 2001.<ref>Becht, R., Odada, E. O., & Higgins, S. (2005). Lake Naivasha: Experience and Lessons Learned Brief. Managing lakes and basins for sustainable use, a report for lake basin managers and stakeholders (pp. 277–298). Kusatsu: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC)</ref> Afọ itoolu ka nke ahụ gasịrị, na 2010, azụ̀ nkịtị bụ́ azụ̀ carp karịrị pasentị iri itoolu nke azụ̀ ndị a nwụdere n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref>Lake Naivasha Annual Fisheries Report, 2010</ref> E nwere obere ọdọ mmiri abụọ dị nso na Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha: Ọdọ Mmiri Oloiden na [[Ọdọ Mmiri Sonachi]] (ọdọ mmiri ugwu mgbawa ugwu | ọdọ mmiri mgbawa ugwu]]). Ebe a na-edebe ihe ncheta egwuregwu Crater Lake dị nso, ebe a maara ụsọ ọdọ mmiri ahụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị si Yuropu kwabata na ndị bi ebe ahụ. ==Akụkọ ihe mere eme== N'agbata afọ 1937 na 1950, e ji ọdọ mmiri ahụ mee ebe a ga-esi rịdata [[ụgbọ mmiri na-efe efe]] ndị njem [[Imperial Airways]] na ụzọ ozi site na [[Southampton]] na [[UK|Britain]] gaa [[South Africa]]. O jikọtara [[Kisumu]] na [[Nairobi]]. [[Joy Adamson]], onye dere ''[[Born Free]]'', biri n'ụsọ osimiri ahụ n'etiti afọ 1960. N'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ ka [[Oserian]] ("Obí Djinn"), nke nwetara aha ọma n'ụbọchị [[Ndagwurugwu Obi Ụtọ|Ndagwurugwu Obi Ụtọ]] dị n'etiti [[agha ụwa]] abụọ ahụ. Na 1999, otu ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri na Lake Naivasha natara [[Ihe nrite Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award]] maka mbọ nchekwa ya gbasara ebe Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha [[Mgbakọ Ramsar|Ramsar]]. ==Ọrụ Ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe== [[File:Lake Naivasha Fishermen.jpg|thumb|left|Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha]] [[Ime Ubi Okooko Osisi]] bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Agbanyeghị, ojiji mmiri ọdọ mmiri na-enweghị iwu na-achịkwa nke ukwuu na-ebelata ọkwa ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ọ bụkwa ihe na-echegbu ndị mmadụ na Kenya. <ref name="FAOroses">{{cite web | url=http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/3789-en.html | title=A thorn on every rose for Kenya's flower industry | publisher=United Nations FAO | access-date=2010-06-20 | archive-date=2017-12-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216125803/http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/3789-en.html | url-status=dead | accessdate=2026-07-08 | archivedate=2017-12-16 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216125803/http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/3789-en.html }}</ref> [[Ịkụ azụ̀]] n'ime ọdọ mmiri bụ isi iyi ọrụ na ego maka ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị iche iche n'ọkwa dị iche iche, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kpọọ nkụ kpamkpam n'afọ 1890. Ọkwa ọdọ mmiri n'ozuzu ya na-agbaso usoro mmiri ozuzo n'ógbè ebe a na-adọba mmiri. Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha, nke a na-akpọbu Ọla dị n'Okpueze nke ọdọ mmiri niile dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-enwe ọtụtụ nrụgide dị egwu site n'aka ụmụ mmadụ, ọ bụghị ihe kachasị mkpa ịmepụta nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na ọrụ ugbo n'akụkụ osimiri ya, kamakwa mmụba nke ihe oriri sitere na siltation, nsị mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ na-esi n'ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri apụta ugbu a na-eru nde mmadụ.<ref>{{Citation|chapter=Megaceryle maxima (Pallas). African Giant Kingfisher. Alcyon géant.|title=The Birds of Africa|year=1988|publisher=Academic Press Limited|doi=10.5040/9781472927002.0171|isbn=978-1-4729-2700-2}}</ref> Na 1981, e nyere ọrụ ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ mbụ na-ekpo ọkụ maka Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha, ma ka ọ na-erule 1985, a na-emepụta ngụkọta nke ọkụ eletrik 45 [[Megawatt|MW]] n'ógbè ahụ.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> ==Ọkwa mmiri == [[File:Lake Naivasha, Kenya (ASTER).jpg|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha]] Ihe dị ka afọ 10,000 gara aga, Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha, ya na [[Ọdọ Mmiri Elmenteita|Ọdọ Mmiri Elementaita]] na [[Ọdọ Mmiri Nakuru]] (kilomita 60 n'ebe ugwu), mepụtara otu ọdọ mmiri dị omimi nke dị n'ime mmiri nke mechara kpọọ nkụ, wee hapụ ọdọ mmiri atọ ahụ ka ha bụrụ ihe fọdụrụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Lake Nakuru {{!}} Lake Nakuru {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3588 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}</ref> Mmiri dị na [[Ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley|Ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley]] agbanweela nke ukwuu kemgbe ahụ, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri ndị ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ha kpọọ nkụ ọtụtụ ugboro.<ref name=":1" /> Mmiri ahụ ruru omimi nke 0.6m na 1945, mana ọkwa mmiri ahụ rịgoro ọzọ, na obere ntapụ, ruo omimi kachasị nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 6m na 1968.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> E nwere nnukwu mbelata ọzọ nke ọkwa mmiri na 1987, mgbe omimi ruru mita 2.25 n'elu ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> Ọdịda nke ọkwa mmiri ọdọ mmiri na 1987 mụbara nchegbu n'ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ [[ike geothermal|geothermal]], A na-eche na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nke Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha nwere ike inye mmiri dị n'okpuru ala mmiri na-enye okpomọkụ [[ebe nchekwa mmiri]] na [[Olkaria]].<ref name="MoiArusei" /> Ya mere, mbelata nke mmiri ọdọ mmiri ga-emetụta ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ geothermal. Oke elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ amụbaala ihe karịrị pasentị iri ise ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020<ref name=":0" /> mere ka ọtụtụ mmadụ gbapụ n'ebe ndị mmadụ bi n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mbụ hụrụ mmụba nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ọkà mmụta ala, onye matara, na mbido afọ 2013, na ọdọ mmiri ahụ "akwagaala kilomita abụọ n'enweghị akụkọ".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha ka na-akwado ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ógbè ahụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-akpọga ndị njem nleta na ndị obodo gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ, na-egosi ha ebe hippo dị mkpa yana Crescent Island. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuhAeHPoNvw AFP-TV report about the lake drying up] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250803152537/https://pertourmarket.com/lake-naivasha-national-park/ What is Lake Naivasha known for?] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Naivasha}} r7b06d95c3tr4tr940ta6sfys3xwixv 0 77615 692091 688026 2026-07-29T13:11:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 692091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ebe echekwara na Tanzania}} '''Ugalla River National Park''' (''Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mto Ugalla'', [[Asụsụ Swahili|Swahili]]) bụ otu ebe a na-akpọ Tanzania [[ogige mba]] na [[Tabora Region]], nke ọdịda anyanwụ-etiti [[Tanzania]].<ref name="WDPA-Ugalla">{{cite web|title=Ugalla North Forest Reserve|publisher=World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)|url=http://protectedplanet.net/sites/301499|access-date=2012-09-10|archive-date=2012-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731051459/http://protectedplanet.net/sites/301499|url-status=dead|accessdate=2026-07-09|archivedate=2012-07-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731051459/http://protectedplanet.net/sites/301499}}</ref> Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ kpuchiri {{Convert|3,865|sqkm|sqmi|2}}.<ref name=TZParks>{{cite web|url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/uploads/publications/en-1581671752-TANAPA%20GENERAL%20BROCHURES%202020-WEBSITE%20(1).pdf|title=Tanzania National parks Brochure 2020|website=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> Ókèala ya dị n'ebe ndịda site na [[Osimiri Ugalla]]. == Etymology nke aha ya == Osimiri Ugalla, nke bụ naanị ebe a na-enweta mmiri na-adịgide adịgide maka anụmanụ, kpaliri aha ogige ahụ. Osimiri ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agafe n'ọdịda anyanwụ n'èzí ókèala ogige ntụrụndụ mba ahụ gaa n'ime njikọ dị mgbagwoju anya nke apịtị na osimiri ndị a maara dị ka apịtị Moyowosi, nke mechara gbapụ n'ime [[Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika]].<ref name=TZParks /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme na ebe ndị na-adọrọ mmasị == E hiwere Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba ahụ n'afọ 2019 mgbe ndị omeiwu Tanzania kewapụrụ akụkụ nke ebe nchekwa Egwuregwu Osimiri Ugalla iji mepụta ogige mba.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Masare |first1=Alawi |title=Tanzania clinches 'top position' as more parks are approved |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/Tanzania-clinches--top-position--as-more-parks-are-approved/1840386-5268168-8atq3q/index.html |access-date=12 April 2020 |agency=The Citizen |ref=citM}}</ref> Ọ dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ etiti Tanzania, n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri Tanganyika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ugalla River Game Reserve|url=http://tanzaniazalendo.org/the-magnificent-tanzania/parks-and-reserves/game-reserves/ugalla-river-game-reserve/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517103044/http://tanzaniazalendo.org/the-magnificent-tanzania/parks-and-reserves/game-reserves/ugalla-river-game-reserve/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=May 17, 2018|access-date=2021-02-22|website=Tanzania Zalendo|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-07-09|archivedate=2018-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517103044/http://tanzaniazalendo.org/the-magnificent-tanzania/parks-and-reserves/game-reserves/ugalla-river-game-reserve/}}</ref> Ókèala ahụ dum bụ ebe sara mbara nke [[Oke Miombo|Oke Miombo]] na savanna ahịhịa dị elu nke [[Buffalo Africa|Buffaloes]], [[Elephant|Enyi]], [[Agụ|agụ]], [[Giraffe|giraffe]], [[Zebra|zebra]], wdg bi na ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ugalla River National Park|url=https://www.rateladventures.com/ugalla-river-national-park/|access-date=2021-02-22|website=Ratel Adventures|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610140837/https://www.rateladventures.com/ugalla-river-national-park/|url-status=dead|accessdate=2026-07-09|archivedate=2020-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610140837/https://www.rateladventures.com/ugalla-river-national-park/}}</ref> Mmiri ozuzo nkezi bụ 600–750mm kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BirdLife Data Zone|url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/ugalla-river-game-reserve-iba-tanzania|access-date=2021-02-22|website=datazone.birdlife.org}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} oa57cfjtqpsiqnzut65phvua8ku20ia 0 77939 692435 688013 2026-07-30T04:00:07Z Philip Emeka 16124 fixed reference errors 692435 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Faịlụ:Spices1.jpg|thumb|Ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ n'ahịa dị n'etiti Agadir, [[Morocco]]]] [[Faịlụ:Indianspicesherbs.jpg|thumb|Ìgwè Ahịhịa na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke India n'ime efere]] [[Faịlụ:Spices_of_Saúde_flea_market,_São_Paulo,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Ahịa na-esi ísì ụtọ nke Saúde, São Paulo, [[Brazil]]]] N'ihe gbasara nri, '''ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ''' bụ mkpụrụ, mkpụrụ osisi, mgbọrọgwụ, ogbugbo, ma ọ bụ ihe [[osisi]] ndị ọzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ụtọ ma ọ bụ [[Àgwà|agba]] nri. A na-amata ose site na [[Ahịhịhịa|ahịhịa]], nke bụ akwụkwọ, okooko osisi, ma ọ bụ ogwe osisi e ji eme ihe maka ụtọ ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe ịchọ mma . Ngwa na ahịhịa bụ ihe na-eme ka ihe dị ụtọ sie ike. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji ngwa nri eme ihe n'ọgwụ, emume okpukpe, ihe ịchọ mma, ma ọ bụ mmepụta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ. A na-ekewa ha n'ime ngwa nri, mkpụrụ ose, na ụdị ahịhịa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-03-08|title=Spice and herb {{!}} Types, Uses, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/spice-food|accessdate=2024-04-09|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ejikarị vanilla eme ihe dị ka ihe e ji eme ihe na mmepụta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ.<ref>{{Cite book|doi=10.1016/B978-0-08-102659-5.00048-3|chapter=Vanilla|title=Medicinal Plants of South Asia|year=2020|author=Ahmad|first=Hafsa|pages=657–669|isbn=978-0-08-102659-5}}</ref> A naghị ewere ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị ụtọ sitere na osisi dị ka [[Ńnú odẹne|shuga]] dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ. A pụrụ iji ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ mee ihe n'ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere ọhụrụ, ihe zuru oke, kpọrọ nkụ, ihe a gweri egweri, ma ọ bụ ihe e si n'ime tincture wepụta. Usoro ndị a nwere ike ime tupu ere ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, n'oge nkwadebe nri n'ime kichin, ma ọ bụ ọbụna n'elu tebụl mgbe a na-enye nri, dị ka ịgweri ose dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ. A naghị enweta ụfọdụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ zuru oke, a na-azụtakwa ha n'ụdị ala. Enwere ike iji obere mkpụrụ, dị ka fennel na mustard, mee ihe ma n'ụdị ha niile ma ọ bụ dị ka ntụ ntụ. Ngwa nri kpọrọ nkụ nwere ndụ kachasị ogologo, yabụ enwere ike ịzụta ya ma chekwaa ya n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, nke na-eme ka ọ dị ọnụ ala karịa otu nri. Ngwa nri ọhụrụ, dị ka ginger, na-adịkarị ụtọ karịa nke kpọrọ nkụ, mana ngwa nri ọhụrụ na-adị oke ọnụ ma na-adị mkpụmkpụ karịa. Akwụkwọ nyocha nke afọ 2019 chọpụtara na ihe akaebe ahụike egosighi na ọtụtụ uru ahụike dị na ya, mana e kwuru na polyphenols dị na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nwere ike ịba uru.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=Vázquez-Fresno|first=Rosa|title=Herbs and Spices - Biomarkers of Intake Based on Human Intervention Studies – A Systematic Review|journal=Genes and Nutrition|volume=14|issue=18|doi=10.1186/s12263-019-0636-8|pmid=31143299|date=22 May 2019}}</ref> [[Ndia|India]] na-enye aka na 75% nke mmepụta ose zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spices Board|url=https://www.indianspices.com/|accessdate=2024-07-20|work=www.indianspices.com}}</ref> Nke a na-egosipụta omenala site na nri ya. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, azụmaahịa ose na-etolite na mpaghara India niile yana na East Asia na Middle East . Ọchịchọ Europe maka ose so n'ihe ndị metụtara akụ na ụba na omenala nke gbara ume ka a nyochaa ihe n'oge mbụ nke oge a. == Nkọwa == Ọ bụ ezie na nkọwapụta ose siri ike, nkọwa dị iche iche na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ akụkụ a na-ahụkarị. Otu n'ime akụkụ ndị a bụ isi iyi ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ: ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') na-akọwa isi iyi ya dị ka akwụkwọ nri, ebe Redgrove (1933) na-akọwakarị akụkụ nke osisi ahụ, ọkachasị mgbọrọgwụ, rhizome, [[Ìfulū|okooko osisi]], mkpụrụ osisi, mkpụrụ na ogbugbo mgbe ha kpọrọ nkụ, n'adịghị ka akụkụ ahịhịa nke mejupụtara [[Ahịhịhịa|ahịhịa]]. ''Oxford Companion to Food'' na-ama aka na echiche ahụ na ose sitere na osisi bụ iwu siri ike, na-atụ aka na a na-amata ambergris dị ka ose n'agbanyeghị na anụmanụ sitere na ya.[5] Akụkụ ọzọ bụ isi iyi ala: ''OED'' na-akọwapụta na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ sitere na mpaghara okpomọkụ, ebe ''The Oxford Companion to Food'' na-enye ihe atụ nke [[Cara way|mkpụrụ caraway]] dị ka ihe na-egosi na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nwere ike ịpụta site na mpaghara okpomọkụ. Echiche na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ sitere na okpomọkụ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme: a ghọtara "ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ" na mbụ dị ka ụdị ngwaahịa sitere na Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. Ka ndị Europe zutere Amerịka, na-amalite mgbanwe Columbian, ihe ọ pụtara gbasaa iji jide ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ ọhụrụ, ihe ọ pụtara mesịkwara gbanwee ọzọ iji zoo aka na ojiji nri. Mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme a emeela ka ụfọdụ ihe ndị sitere na nri Europe dị ka galik na horseradish ghara ịbụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ n'agbanyeghị na ha na-ekerịta ọtụtụ ihe.[5] == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Akụkọ ihe mere eme mbụ === Nnyocha ihe ochie banyere ojiji ngwa ngwa ose siri ike, ebe ọ bụ na e ji obere ihe ose mee ihe, na-ahapụkwa ihe fọdụrụnụ ole na ole echekwara.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Moore|first=Katherine M|title=Routledge International Handbook of Food Studies|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2013|isbn=978-0-415-78264-7|editor=Albala|location=Oxford & New York|chapter=The archaeology of food}}</ref> Azụmahịa ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ malitere n'ofe kọntinent India<ref name="Sidebotham2019">{{Cite book|author=Steven E. Sidebotham|title=Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw6LDwAAQBAJ|date=May 7, 2019|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-30338-6|accessdate=April 13, 2019}}</ref> na Middle East ka ọ na-erule afọ 2000 Tupu Oge Anyị, site na iji sinamọn na ose ojii, nakwa na East Asia site na iji ahịhịa na ose. Ndị Ijipt jiri ahịhịa mee nri na mummification. Ọchịchọ ha maka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na ahịhịa ndị ọzọ nyeere aka kwalite azụmaahịa ụwa. E jiri cloves mee ihe na Mesopotemia n'afọ 1700 Tupu Oge Anyị. Ihe ndekọ mbụ e dere banyere ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ sitere na omenala ndị Ijipt oge ochie, ndị China, na ndị India. Ebers Papyrus nke Ijipt oge ochie nke malitere na 1550 Tupu Oge Anyị na-akọwa ihe dị ka narị asatọ nke ọgwụ ahịhịa dị iche iche na ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Food and Culture|author=Woodward|first=Penny|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|year=2003|editor=Katz|pages=187–195|chapter=Herbs and Spices}}</ref> Site na 1000 Tupu oge anyị eruo, e nwere ike ịchọta usoro ọgwụgwọ dabere na ahịhịa na [[China]], [[Korea]], na [[Ndia|India]].<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sonal Dubey|title=Indian Spices and their medicinal value|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320247387|journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research|date=2017|volume=51|issue=3s2|pages=s330–s332|accessdate=27 July 2025|doi=10.5530/ijper.51.3s.41}}</ref> Ojiji mbụ jikọtara ya na anwansi, ọgwụ, okpukperechi, ọdịnala, na nchekwa.<ref name="ABCp14">{{Cite book|author=Murdock|first=Linda|title=A Busy Cook's Guide to Spices: How to Introduce New Flavors to Everyday Meals|publisher=Bellwether Books|year=2001|isbn=978-0-9704285-0-9}}</ref> Ndị ahịa Indonesịa na-agagharị na Chaịna, India, Middle East, na ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka. Ndị ahịa Arab na-eme ka ụzọ ndị dị n'Etiti Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na India dị mfe. Nke a mere ka obodo ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Ijipt bụ́ Alexandria bụrụ ebe azụmaahịa isi maka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ. Ihe kacha mkpa a chọpụtara tupu azụmaahịa ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke Yurop bụ ifufe mmiri ozuzo (40 OA). Ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri site n'aka ndị na-akọ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ gaa n'aka ndị na-azụ ahịa na Western Europe ji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie ụzọ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke ndị njem Arab nke Middle East na-emebu.<ref name="ABCp14" /> Ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ pụtara ìhè nke ukwuu n'ụwa ochie nke na a kpọtụrụ aha ha n'Agba Ochie . Na Jenesis, ụmụnne ya rere Josef ka ọ bụrụ ohu nye ndị na-ere ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ. Na Ọpụpụ, a kọwara manna dị ka nke yiri coriander n'ọdịdị. Na [[Abụ Solomọn|Abụ nke Solomọn]], nwoke na-akọ akụkọ ahụ tụnyere onye ọ hụrụ n'anya na ọtụtụ saffron, sinamọn, na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bible Gateway passage: Song of Songs 4:14 - New International Version|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Solomon+4:14&version=NIV|accessdate=2025-03-22|work=Bible Gateway|language=en}}</ref> Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme kwenyere na a malitere ịkụ nutmeg, nke sitere na agwaetiti Banda dị na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, na Yuropu na narị afọ nke isii Tupu Oge Anyị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Burkill|first=I.H.|title=A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula|publisher=Ministry of Agriculture and Co-Operatives|location=Kuala Lumpur|year=1966}}</ref> Ndị Rom nwere cloves na narị afọ nke mbụ OA, dịka Pliny the Elder si dee banyere ha.<ref name="Duke 2002 p. 7">{{Cite book|author=Duke|first=J.A.|title=CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices|publisher=CRC Press|year=2002|isbn=978-1-4200-4048-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vPTLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|accessdate=May 9, 2017}}</ref> === Oge Ụwa Na-emepechabeghị Anya === [[Faịlụ:Le_livre_des_merveilles_de_Marco_Polo-pepper.jpg|thumb|"Mullus" na-ewe ose. Ihe osise sitere na mbipụta French nke The Travels of Marco Polo.]] Ngwa nri so n'ime ngwaahịa ndị a kacha achọ ma dị oke ọnụ ahịa na Yuropu n'oge etiti, nke a na-ahụkarị bụ ose ojii, sinamọn (na cassia ọzọ dị ọnụ ala), cumin, nutmeg, ginger, na klọvụ . N'ihi isi ozizi nke ihe ọchị nke ọgwụ oge ochie, ngwa nri na ahịhịa dị mkpa iji dozie "ihe ọchị" na nri,<ref>{{Cite book|author=Linda Civitello|title=Cuisine and culture: a history of food and people|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2007|isbn=0-471-74172-8}}</ref> kwa ụbọchị maka ahụike dị mma n'oge ọrịa na-efe efe na-aga n'ihu. Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ ndị na-eji ọgwụ oge ochie na-achọ, ndị isi Europe chọkwara ngwa nri n'oge etiti, na-ekwere na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ sitere na ya na njikọ ya na "paradise".<ref>{{Cite book|author=Schivelbusch, Wolfgang|title=Tastes of paradise : a social history of spices, stimulants, and intoxicants|date=1992|publisher=Pantheon Books|isbn=0-394-57984-4|oclc=24702170}}</ref> Ihe atụ nke ọchịchọ ndị ọgaranya Europe maka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ sitere n'aka Eze Aragon, onye tinyere nnukwu ego n'ịbubata ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na [[Spain|Spen]] na narị afọ nke 12. Ọ na-achọ kpọmkwem ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ iji tinye na mmanya ma ọ bụghị naanị ya n'etiti ndị eze Europe n'oge ahụ nwere ọchịchọ dị otú ahụ maka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ.<ref name="">{{Cite journal|author=Freedman|first=Paul|date=June 5, 2015|title=Health, wellness and the allure of spices in the Middle Ages|journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology|volume=167|pages=47–53|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.065|pmid=25450779}}</ref> A na-esi n'ugbo dị n'Eshia na Afrịka ebubata ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ niile, nke mere ka ha dị oke ọnụ. Site na narị afọ nke 8 ruo narị afọ nke 15, Republic of Venice nwere naanị azụmaahịa ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na Middle East, na-eji ọnọdụ a achị mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu na mba ndị dị n'akụkụ mmiri nke Itali na steeti obodo. Azụmahịa ahụ mere ka mpaghara ahụ baa ọgaranya. A na-eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka tọn 1,000 nke ose na tọn 1,000 nke ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ a na-esi ísì ụtọ na Western Europe kwa afọ n'oge Ọgwụgwụ Oge Ochie. Uru nke ngwaahịa ndị a bụ nhata nke ọka kwa afọ maka nde mmadụ 1.5.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Adamson, Melitta Weiss|title=Food in Medieval Times|url=https://archive.org/details/foodmedievaltime00adam_218|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn|year=2004|isbn=978-0-313-32147-4|accessdate=2026-04-01}}</ref> Nke kachasị pụrụ iche bụ saffron, nke e ji mee ihe dịka agba odo odo na-acha ọbara ọbara na-acha odo odo ma e jiri ya mee ihe maka ụtọ ya. Ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe na nri Europe gụnyere mkpụrụ osisi paradaịs, nke bụ ihe ikwu nke cardamom nke nọchirikarị ose n'oge nri ndịda French nke oge ochie, yana ose ogologo, mace, spikenard, galangal, na [[Piper cubeba|cubeb]]. === Oge mmalite nke oge a === Ndị njem si [[Spain|Spen]] na [[Portugal]] nwere mmasị ịchọ ụzọ ọhụrụ iji zụọ ahịa ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ bara uru sitere na Eshia. Njikwa ụzọ azụmaahịa na mpaghara ndị na-emepụta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ bụ isi ihe mere onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri [[Portugal|Portuguese]] bụ Vasco da Gama ji ụgbọ mmiri gaa [[Ndia|India]] na 1499.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Gantzer|first=Hugh|year=2014|title=SpiceStory|publisher=Spices Board of India|isbn=9789383098385}}</ref> Mgbe da Gama chọpụtara ahịa ose na India, o nwere ike inweta ose na ọnụ ahịa dị ala karịa nke Venice chọrọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Freedman|first=Paul|date=June 5, 2015|title=Health, wellness and the allure of spices in the Middle Ages|journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology|volume=167|pages=47–53|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.065|pmid=25450779}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFreedman2015">Freedman, Paul (June 5, 2015). "Health, wellness and the allure of spices in the Middle Ages". ''Journal of Ethnopharmacology''. Potent Substances: On the Boundaries of Food and Medicine. '''167''': <span class="nowrap">47–</span>53. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.065|10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.065]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25450779 25450779].</cite></ref> N'otu oge ahụ, Christopher Columbus si New World lọta. Ọ kọọrọ ndị na-etinye ego ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ ọhụrụ dị ebe ahụ.[a] Isi ihe ọzọ na-akpata asọmpi n'ahịa ose n'oge narị afọ nke 15 na nke 16 bụ ndị Ragusan si mba Dubrovnik nke dị na ndịda Croatia. Ọganihu agha nke Afonso de Albuquerque (1453–1515) nyere ndị Portugal ohere ịchịkwa ụzọ mmiri na-aga India. Na 1506, o weghaara agwaetiti Socotra n'ọnụ [[Red Sea|Oké Osimiri Uhie]], na 1507, Ormuz na Ọwara Oké Osimiri Persia . Kemgbe ọ ghọrọ osote onye Indies, o weghaara Goa na India na 1510, na Malacca na Ala Malay na 1511. Ndị Portugal nwere ike ịzụ ahịa ozugbo na Siam, [[China]], na Agwaetiti Maluku. Site na nchọpụta nke Ụwa Ọhụrụ, e nwetara ngwa nri ọhụrụ, gụnyere allspice, ose chili, vanilla, na chocolate . Mmepe a mere ka azụmaahịa ngwa nri, nke ndị Amerịka dịka ndị na-abịa n'oge na-adịghị anya na ngwa nri ọhụrụ ha, baa uru ruo narị afọ nke 19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mariners Weather Log Vol. 52, No. 3, December 2008|url=https://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/dec_08/great_exchange.shtml|accessdate=2024-10-07|work=www.vos.noaa.gov}}</ref> == ọrụ == [[Faịlụ:Common_Indian_spices.jpg|alt=Chili powder, mustard seeds, turmeric powder, cumin seeds|thumb|Turmeric ntụ, mkpụrụ mustard, chilli ntụ, mkpụrụ cumin]] A na-ejikarị ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ eme ihe dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nri ma ọ bụ iji mepụta ụdị dị iche iche.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|author=Dennett|first=Carrie|date=January 26, 2017|title=How a full spice cabinet can keep you healthy|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/spices-and-herbs-do-more-than-add-flavor-to-food--they-are-nutritional-powerhouses/2017/01/25/79dbedb4-e24c-11e6-a453-19ec4b3d09ba_story.html|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=August 12, 2022}}</ref> A na-ejikwa ha eme ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ maka ihe ịchọ mma na ihe nsure ọkụ na-esi ísì ụtọ. N'oge dị iche iche, e ji ọtụtụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ eme ihe n'ọgwụ ahịhịa . N'ikpeazụ, ebe ọ bụ na ha nwere ike ịdị oke ọnụ, dị ụkọ na ihe ndị pụrụ iche, oriri ha a na-ahụkarị abụrụla ihe nnọchianya nke akụnụba na ọkwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.<ref name="freedman">Paul Freedman, ''Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination'', 2008, {{isbn|9780300151350}}, p. 2-3</ref> === Nkwupụta ndị na-echekwa ihe === <templatestyles src="Template:Quote_box/styles.css" />  A na-ekwukarị na e ji ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ eme ihe dị ka ihe nchekwa nri ma ọ bụ iji kpuchie uto anụ mebiri emebi, karịsịa n'oge Europe nke oge etiti.<ref name="ThomasDaoust2012">{{Cite journal|author=Thomas|first=Frédéric|title=Can we understand modern humans without considering pathogens?: Human evolution and parasites|journal=Evolutionary Applications|date=June 2012|volume=5|issue=4|pages=368–379|doi=10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00231.x|pmid=25568057}}</ref> Nke a bụ ụgha.<ref name="freedman" /> N'eziokwu, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ adịghị arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe nchekwa ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnu, ise siga, ịcha mkpụrụ, ma ọ bụ ịkpọ nkụ, ha adịghịkwa arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ikpuchi uto anụ mebiri emebi.<ref name="freedman" /> Ọzọkwa, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ dị oke ọnụ mgbe niile: na Oxford nke narị afọ nke 15, otu ezi zuru oke na-efu ihe dị ka otu paụnd nke ose kachasị ọnụ ala, ose.<ref name="freedman" /> Enweghịkwa ihe akaebe na e ji ya eme ihe dị otú ahụ site n'akwụkwọ nri nke oge a: "Akwụkwọ nri ochie na-eme ka o doo anya na e jighị ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ mee ihe nchekwa. Ha na-atụ arokarị itinye ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na njedebe nke usoro nri, ebe ha enweghị ike inwe mmetụta nchekwa ọ bụla.<ref name="krondl">Michael Krondl, ''[[The Taste of Conquest: The Rise and Fall of the Three Great Cities of Spice]]'', 2007, {{isbn|9780345480835}}, p. 6</ref> N'ezie, Cristoforo di Messisbugo tụrụ aro na narị afọ nke 16 na ose nwere ike ime ka mmebi ngwa ngwa.<ref name="krondl" /> Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nwere ihe ndị na-egbu nje n'ime vitro,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Shelef|first=L.A.|title=Antimicrobial Effects of Spices|journal=Journal of Food Safety|volume=6|issue=1|year=1984|pages=29–44|doi=10.1111/j.1745-4565.1984.tb00477.x}}</ref> ose—ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ọtụtụ—adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, nnu dị ọnụ ala karịa ya dịkwa irè karịa.{{Clear}} == Nchịkọta na ụdị == [[Faịlụ:Indian_spices_with_labels_(garam_masala_components)_(49684333301).jpg|thumb|Efere Ahịhịa na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke India]] === Ahịhịa na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Ihe ndabere nke osisi === <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  === Ngwakọta ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 28em;"> * [[Advieh]] ([[Iran|Ira]]) * [[Baharat]] ([[Arab world|ụwa Arab]], na [[Middle East]] n'ozuzu ya) * [[Berbere]] ([[Ethiopia]] na [[Eritrea]]) * [[Yaji (spice blend)|Yaji (ngwakọta ose)]] ([[Nigeria]]) * [[Bumbu (seasoning)|Bumbu]] ([[Indonesian cuisine|Indonesia]]) * [[Cajun cuisine#Blended|Cajun]] ([[United States|Amerịka]]) * [[Chaat masala|Chaat Masala]] ([[Indian subcontinent|mpaghara India]]) * [[Chili powder|Ntụ ntụ]] [[Chili pepper|ose]] na [[Crushed red pepper|ose uhie a gwepịara egwepịa]] ([[Cayenne pepper|Cayenne]], [[Chipotle]], [[Jalapeño]], [[New Mexico chile|New Mexico]], [[Tabasco pepper|Tabasco]], na [[List of Capsicum cultivars|ụdị ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ]]) * [[Curry powder|Ntụ ntụ curry]] * [[Five-spice powder|Ntụ ntụ ose ise]] ([[China]]) * [[Garam masala]] (mpaghara India) * [[Harissa]] ([[North Africa]]) * [[Hawaij]] ([[Yemen]]) * [[Jamaican jerk spice|Ngwakọta ose]] ([[Jamaica|Jamaika]]) * [[Khmeli suneli|Khmeli Suneli]] ([[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]) * [[Masala (spice)|Masala]] (aha nkịtị maka ngwakọta ọ bụla ejiri mee ihe na mpaghara India) * [[Mixed spice|Ngwakọta ose]] ([[United Kingdom]]) * [[Panch phoron]] (mpaghara India) * [[Pumpkin pie spice|Ngwa nri achịcha ugu]] ([[United States]]) * [[Quatre épices]] ([[France]]) * [[Ras el hanout]] ([[North Africa]]) * [[Sharena sol]] (nke pụtara "nnu agba", [[Bulgaria]]) * [[Shichimi|Shichimi togarashi]] ([[Japan]]) * [[Speculaas]] ([[Belgium]] na [[Netherlands]]) * Thuna Paha ([[Sri Lanka]]) * [[Podravka#Consumer brands|Vegeta]] ([[Croatia]]) na aha nkịtị maka akara a ma ama na [[Central and Eastern Europe|Central na Eastern Europe]] * [[Za'atar]] (Middle East) </div> == Njikwa == [[Faịlụ:Spice-shelf.jpg|thumb|Ebe a na-edebe ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ maka kichin ụlọ na Canada ma ọ bụ na United States]] [[Faịlụ:Peugeot_pepper_mill.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe igwe ihe ose]] Ngwa e ji asụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ bụ ngwa e ji asụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ. Ngwa ndị na-anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma ugbu a na-adịkarị: enwere ike iji obere ihe e ji asụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ ma ọ bụ obere ihe e ji asụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ; igwe e ji asụ kọfị bara uru maka nnukwu ego. Ngwa e ji asụ ihe dị ka ose ojii nwere ike ịchekwa ya n'ime igwe e ji asụ ihe ma ọ bụ igwe e ji asụ ihe. A na-enweta ụtọ ose site na ngwakọta (mmanụ ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe) nke na-eme ka oxidize ma ọ bụ gbapụ mgbe ikuku batara. Ịgweri ose na-eme ka elu ya dịkwuo elu nke ukwuu, ya mere ọ na-eme ka ọnụego oxidation na evaporation dịkwuo elu. Ya mere, a na-eme ka ụtọ ahụ dịkwuo elu site n'ịchekwa ose dum ma na-egweri ya mgbe ọ dị mkpa. Ndụ nchekwa nke ose kpọrọ nkụ dị ihe dị ka afọ abụọ; nke ose a gweri ihe dị ka ọnwa isii. "Ndụ ụtọ" nke ose a gweri ihe nwere ike ịdị mkpụmkpụ karịa. A na-echekwa ose a gweri ihe ka mma ichekwa ya n'ebe ìhè na-adịghị. Ụfọdụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ dị na ose na-agbaze na mmiri; ọtụtụ na-agbaze na mmanụ ma ọ bụ abụba. Dịka iwu n'ozuzu, ụtọ sitere na ose na-ewe oge iji tinye n'ime nri ahụ, yabụ a na-etinye ose n'oge nkwadebe. Nke a dị iche na [[Ahịhịhịa|ahịhịa]] ndị a na-etinyekarị n'oge nkwadebe. === Mmetụta Salmonella === Nnyocha nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Nri na Ọgwụ nke na-ebuga ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ gaa mba Amerịka n'afọ ego 2007-2009 gosiri na ihe dị ka 7% nke mbupu ndị ahụ bụ nje bacteria ''Salmonella'' merụrụ ahụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha anaghị anabata ọgwụ nje.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Van Dorena|first=Jane M.|title=Prevalence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in imported shipments of spice offered for entry to the United States, FY2007–FY2009|journal=Food Microbiology|date=June 2013|volume=34|issue=2|pages=239–251|doi=10.1016/j.fm.2012.10.002|pmid=23541190|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1258953|accessdate=June 16, 2019}}</ref> Ebe ọ bụ na a na-esi ọtụtụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ tupu e nye ha nri, nje Salmonella anaghị enwe mmetụta ọ bụla, mana a na-erikarị ụfọdụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, karịsịa ose, ma na-adị na tebụl maka ojiji dị mma. Mbupu sitere na Mexico na India, bụ́ isi na-emepụta ihe, bụ ndị a na-emekarị ka ha merụọ ahụ.<ref name="NYT82713">{{Cite news|title=Salmonella in Spices Prompts Changes in Farming|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/28/world/asia/farmers-change-over-spices-link-to-food-ills.html|accessdate=August 28, 2013|work=The New York Times|date=August 27, 2013|author=Gardiner Harris}}</ref> A na-ekwu na radieshon nri na-ebelata ihe egwu a.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Effects of gamma-irradiation on the free radical and antioxidant contents in nine aromatic herbs and spices.|year=2003|pmid=12568551|author=Calucci|first=L.|journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry|volume=51|issue=4|pages=927–34|doi=10.1021/jf020739n}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=June 28, 2017|title=Myths about Food Irradiation|url=https://ccr.ucdavis.edu/food-irradiation/myths-about-food-irradiation|accessdate=July 30, 2022|work=Center for Consumer Research|language=en|archivedate=July 30, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730162900/https://ccr.ucdavis.edu/food-irradiation/myths-about-food-irradiation}}</ref>{{Clear}} == Mmepụta == [[Faịlụ:Spices_in_an_Indian_market.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na ahịhịa n'otu ụlọ ahịa dị na Goa, India]] {| class="sortable wikitable" style="float:left" |+Mba Ndị Na-emepụta Ihe Na-esi ísì ụtọ (na metric ton) <br /> !Ọnọdụ !Mba !2010 !2011 |- |1 |India |1,474,900 |1,525,000 |- |2 |Bangladesh |128,517 |139,775 |- |3 |Turkey |107,000 |113,783 |- |4 |China |90,000 |95,890 |- |5 |Pakistan |53,647 |53,620 |- |6 |Iran |18,028 |21,307 |- |7 |Nepal |20,360 |20,905 |- |8 |Colombia |16,998 |19,378 |- |9 |Etiopia |27,122 |17,905 |- |10 |Sri Lanka |8,293 |8,438 |- bgcolor="#cccccc" | - |''[[World|Ụwa]]'' |1,995,523 |2,063,472 |- | colspan="4" |Ebe e si nweta ya: UN Food & Agriculture Organization<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx|publisher=[[FAO|UN Food & Agriculture Organization]]|title=Production of Spice by countries|year=2011|accessdate=December 20, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713020710/http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx|archivedate=July 13, 2011}}</ref> |} {{Clear}} == Nhazi == Òtù Mba Nile Maka Nhazi Ihe Na- eme Ka A Na-ahụ Maka Ngwakọta na Ngwakọta Ihe Na-esi ísì ụtọ, tinyere ihe mgbakwunye nri ndị metụtara ya, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nhazi mba ụwa maka ọkọlọtọ 67.220.<ref>{{Cite web|work=[[International Organization for Standardization]]|title=67.220: Spices and condiments. Food additives|year=2009|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=67&ICS2=220&development=on|accessdate=April 23, 2009|archivedate=June 6, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606151414/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=67&ICS2=220&development=on}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == <gallery mode="packed"> Faịlụ:Gato_negro.jpg|The ''Gato Negro'' café and spice shop (Buenos Aires, Argentina) Faịlụ:Spice_shop,_Mashad,_Iran.jpg|A spice shop selling a variety of spices in Iran Faịlụ:Night_Spice_market_in_Casablanca.JPG|Night spice shop in Casablanca, Morocco Faịlụ:Taliparamba_Market.jpg|A spice shop in Taliparamba, India Faịlụ:Taliparamba_grocery.jpg|Spices sold in Taliparamba, India Faịlụ:Spice_seller,_Kashgar_market.jpg|Spice seller at a market in Kashgar, China Faịlụ:Spice_Market,_Marakech_(2242330035).jpg|Spice market, Marrakesh, Morocco Faịlụ:Spices,_Pakistan_Bahawalpur.jpg|Spice shop in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. </gallery> == Hụkwa ==   * Ngwakọta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ (ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ), usoro esi ewepụta mmanụ dị mkpa site na ngwa nri niile * Ite ose na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ e ji esi nri tupu e sie ya == Ihe edeturu == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|group=note}}<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == * {{Cite book|author=Davidson|first=Alan|title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=9780191756276|edition=3rd}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == === Akwụkwọ === * {{Cite book|author=Czarra|first=Fred|year=2009|title=Spices: A Global History|url=https://archive.org/details/spicesglobalhist0000czar|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-86189-426-7|accessdate=2026-04-01}} * {{Cite book|author=Dalby|first=Andrew|authorlink=Andrew Dalby|year=2000|title=Dangerous Tastes: The Story of Spices|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-23674-5}} * {{Cite book|author=Freedman|first=Paul|authorlink=Paul Freedman|year=2008|title=Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-21131-3}} * {{Cite book|author=Keay|first=John|authorlink=John Keay|year=2006|title=The Spice Route: A History|publisher=John Murray|isbn=978-0-7195-6199-3}} * {{Cite book|author=Miller|first=James Innes|year=1969|title=The spice trade of the Roman Empire, 29 B.C. to A.D. 641|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon P.|isbn=978-0-19-814264-5}} * {{Cite book|author=Morton|first=Timothy|title=The Poetics of Spice: Romantic Consumerism and the Exotic|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02666-6}} * {{Cite book|author=Seidemann|first=Johannes|year=2005|title=World Spice Plants: Economic Usage, Botany, Taxonomy|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-22279-8}} * {{Cite book|author=Turner|first=Jack|authorlink=Jack Turner (writer)|year=2004|title=Spice: The History of a Temptation|publisher=Knopf|isbn=978-0-375-40721-5|url=https://archive.org/details/spicehistoryofte00turn_0|accessdate=2026-04-01}} == Njikọ mpụga == *   *   *   {{Herbs & spices}}{{Cuisine}}{{Non-timber forest products}}{{Authority control}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cakwt2u0t3yiu5h4v1erpil00lf7rct 0 77953 692566 688206 2026-07-30T10:06:48Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692566 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Faịlụ:Alexander Friedrich von Hessen.jpg|thumb|Alexander Frederick, Landgrave nke Hesse]] '''Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse''' (German: Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm Albrecht Georg Landgraf von Hessen, 25 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) bụ nwa eze German nke Ụlọ Hesse. == Akụkọ ndụ == Ọ bụ nwa Prince Frederick William nke Hesse-Kassel na Princess Anna nke Prussia. Site na 1888 ruo 1925 ọ bụ Onye isi nke usoro ntuli aka nke House of Hesse, mana ọ hapụrụ ọnọdụ ya nye nwanne ya nwoke Prince Frederick Charles nke Hesse, na 16 Machị 1925. A mụrụ ya na nsogbu anya, nkwarụ a, tinyere alụmdi na nwunye ya nke na-adịghị mma, sokwa mee mkpebi ya ịhapụ di ya. Na 25 Maachị 1925, ọ lụrụ Baroness Gisela Stockhorner von Starheim (17 Jenụwarị 1884 – 22 June 1965), ada Otto, Baron Stockhorner von Starheim na Baroness Emilie Susanne Hildegard von Wolzogen-Neuhaus<ref name="Stockhorner"> Ọ bụ nwanyị n'obí eze nke Grand Duchess Hilda nke Baden . == Nsọpụrụ == O natara iwu na ihe ịchọ mma ndị a:<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Ndị nna nna == <templatestyles src="Ahnentafel/styles.css"></templatestyles>  == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Hesse]]|1 May|1868|26 March|1945}} {{s-reg|}} {{s-bef|before=[[Frederick William III of Hesse|Frederick William III]]}} {{s-ttl|14 October 1888 - 15 March 1925|title=[[Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel|Head of the House of Hesse]]|reason=}} {{s-aft|after=[[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse|Frederick Charles]]}} {{s-pre}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Frederick William III of Hesse|Frederick William III]]}} {{s-tul|14 October 1888 - 15 March 1925|title=[[Elector of Hesse]]|reason=}} {{s-aft|after=[[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse|Frederick Charles]]}} {{end}}{{Princes and Landgraves of Hesse}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse}} pnomvpqhjalq9zcrribw7hgp2z4dtc9 0 77964 692349 688239 2026-07-29T20:15:59Z Chigozirim2005 19722 Fixed reference error 692349 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria na Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum, e nwekwara ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie cheta echiche inwe encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia, mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedic zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na Denis Diderot na ndị encyclopedists French nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa ígwè obibi akwụkwọ iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ Paul Otlet nke afọ 1934 bụ Traité de Documentation . Otlet guzobekwara Mundaneum, ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka H. G. Wells gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ World Brain (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "As We May Think" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ hypertext nke Ted Nelson Project Xanadu, nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|a na-ekesa ozi ekesa n'ọtụtụ aka]] dị iche iche - na onye ọ bụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu - na n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ikike etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ maka ego ma nwee mmasị na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ dị n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ. Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na nchekwube teknụzụ nke gosipụtara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na nghọta. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ enyemaka ebe a ga na-esi enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, ọrụ mbụ o guzobere iji mepụta encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke Bomis bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell na Michael E. Davis nwere wepụtara n'efu.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'ụdị na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tozuru etozu ga na-eji ya yana usoro nnyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ. N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị ndezi dị puku abụọ nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu iri na abụọ edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụrụ uche maka ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị ha ga-esi kepụta ndịnaya n'ebe ọ dị ọsịịsọ.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener"/> E werebuolarị Wiki n'ebe ọzọ na weebụ iji hazie ihe ọmụma,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> ya mere na echiche nke iji nkwado maọbụ enyemaka dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia nwetara ihi aja n'ukwu site na mkparịtaụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz,<ref name="Ben_Kovitz">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Glyn Moody">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> na ọzọkwa si n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /> Kovitz bụụrụ onye na-arụ ọrụ nhazi ngwanro kọmputa ma bụrụ onye a na-ahụkarị na revolutionary wiki nke Ward Cunningham bụ "the WikiWikiWeb". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wiki bụ, n'ebe ha na-eri nri abalị na 2 January 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /><ref name="Glyn Moody" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia" /> Wales kwuru n'Ọktoba 2001 na "Larry nwebu echiche iji ngwanro Wiki eme ihe" maka ndị usoro Nupedia na-atụ ngana,<ref name="Wikipedia-l-000671">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> ma mechaa kwuo na Disemba 2005 na Rosenfeld ebunyela ya uche gbasara wiki.<ref name="cadenhead">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref> Sanger cheere na wiki ga-abụ ebe nrụọrụ dị mma, ma tụta arọ ya n'ọgbọ nzipụta ozi nke Nupedia ka e guzobe otu wiki nke dabeere na UseModWiki (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) ka ọ bụrụ "ebe e si enweta ihe a ga-arụ" nye Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu bụ "K'anyị mee wiki", o dere:<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday 10 Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki"/> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi === {{Wikimedia Foundation}} == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|"List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)"]]. </cite></ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. </cite></ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>{{Wikimedia Foundation}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] c5lil7tooqk4ng5mh1r6vgckdbnpdz9 3 78071 692083 2026-07-29T12:00:51Z DolphybBot 61063 Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! (bot) 692083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=OAssoua|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 12:00, 29 Julaị 2026 (UTC)}} m4uqn0nh15c2o3rpr1gpf004edmcpz1 0 78072 692112 2026-07-29T17:49:45Z SafariScribe 18560 SafariScribe moved page [[Ahụike, Ihe Iche & Ọha]] to [[Health, Risk & Society]]: Misspelled title 692112 wikitext text/x-wiki #KÚFÙ [[Health, Risk & Society]] pgd7t71nkyluv7esdzyoa8rrjjk47h4 10 78073 692123 2004-09-05T22:55:55Z Eloquence 28174 Template:Quote moved to Template:Wikiquote 692123 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wikiquote]] d4a3dqcu20yljbiiai9diw5rzo64xxk 692124 692123 2006-08-27T16:03:37Z StitchPedia 64877 692124 wikitext text/x-wiki <code>''"{{{1}}}"''</code><br> :<code>- '''[[{{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}]] {{#if:{{{4|}}}|on {{{4|}}}}}'''</code><noinclude> ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> krzgxx6b80m4dszkmmg53ybh5zty4nz 692125 692124 2006-09-04T00:17:55Z Jeffq 41842 rv to redirect to {{wikiquote}} (see talk pg) 692125 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wikiquote]] cqfa6i3mycqxctr8gdzriex73evq6kz 692126 692125 2006-09-06T12:49:40Z Jeffq 41842 restored [[User:StitchPedia]]'s changes after cleaning up legacy redirects (see talk pg) 692126 wikitext text/x-wiki <code>''"{{{1}}}"''</code><br> :<code>- '''[[{{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}]] {{#if:{{{4|}}}|on {{{4|}}}}}'''</code><noinclude> ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> krzgxx6b80m4dszkmmg53ybh5zty4nz 692127 692126 2006-09-07T08:25:53Z Down10 14605 redesigned template: now uses blockquote tag - Still not "finished" or ready to use... 692127 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}} </noinclude> <includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"> :“{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. {{lorem ipsum}}}}}” ::{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:85%;line-height:1em;text-align:left">—<cite style="font-style:normal;">[[{{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}}</blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude>{{-}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} {{esoteric}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 47436zu2nvfrii1r2tnndtw92565nbx 692128 692127 2006-09-07T08:34:59Z Down10 14605 formatting adjustments 692128 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}} </noinclude> <includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>“{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. {{lorem ipsum}}}}}”</p> {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">—<cite style="font-style:normal;">[[{{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}}</blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude>{{-}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} {{esoteric}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> bfncldnfcnl0oi7h8ksbplmjht6apd3 692129 692128 2006-11-02T04:46:53Z Down10 14605 edited so that wikilink is based on presence of 3rd parameter 692129 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}} </noinclude> <includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote">“{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. {{lorem ipsum}}}}}” {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">&#8212;&#8002;<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Wikilink name</noinclude>}}}|[[}}{{{2}}}{{{3|{{!}}{{{2|}}}]]}}}{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}}</blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude>{{-}} {{esoteric}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 2pa6vvfaif1wy87tod1p7uebvrhu28n 692130 692129 2006-11-02T20:42:21Z Down10 14605 syntax fix 692130 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}} </noinclude> <includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote">“{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. {{lorem ipsum}}}}}” {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">&#8212;&#8002;<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Wikilink name</noinclude>}}}|[[}}{{{2}}}{{{3|{{!}}{{{2|}}}]]}}}}}{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}}</blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude>{{-}} {{esoteric}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 5ncsrckkqowk4cn1pwphxzx8th83zfv 692131 692130 2006-11-02T20:47:47Z Down10 14605 fixes 692131 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}} </noinclude> <includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote">“{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. {{lorem ipsum}}}}}” {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">&#8212;&#8202;<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{#if:{{{3|}}}|[[{{{3}}}{{!}}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|]]}}{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}}</blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude>{{-}} {{esoteric}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 9onppicmyugmdwkodwb1ufz3h63uwwy 692132 692131 2006-11-02T20:53:14Z Down10 14605 fixes 692132 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}} </noinclude> <includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote">“{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. {{lorem ipsum}}}}}” {{#if:{{{2}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">&#8212;&#8202;<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{#if:{{{3}}}|[[{{{3|<nowiki>Wikilink Someone</nowiki>}}}{{!}}}}}}{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{3}}}|]]}}{{#if:{{{4}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}</cite></p>}}</blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude>{{-}} {{esoteric}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> a91ex358mc08lsthzjeuuv77wsn872x 692133 692132 2006-11-02T20:58:13Z Down10 14605 reverted my edits 692133 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}} </noinclude> <includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>“{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. {{lorem ipsum}}}}}”</p> {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">—<cite style="font-style:normal;">[[{{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}}</blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude>{{-}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} {{esoteric}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> bfncldnfcnl0oi7h8ksbplmjht6apd3 692134 692133 2006-11-26T10:36:38Z El Tarantiniese~enwiki 64878 + [[it:Template:quote]] 692134 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}} </noinclude> <includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>“{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. {{lorem ipsum}}}}}”</p> {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">—<cite style="font-style:normal;">[[{{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}}</blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude>{{-}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} {{esoteric}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[it:Template:quote]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> lh9ztiisd9bcmo3pbc6d2hqwzdqn8hk 692135 692134 2006-12-13T18:01:49Z Gatoatigrado 38049 better quotation mark rendering in windows 692135 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}} </noinclude> <includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>'''“'''{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. {{lorem ipsum}}}}}'''”'''</p> {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">—<cite style="font-style:normal;">[[{{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}}</blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude>{{-}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} {{esoteric}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[it:Template:quote]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 9rl36fcpwk3ra6uc0dkak0qqkfui0y5 692136 692135 2006-12-31T19:25:37Z Omegatron 26956 blockquotes don't get quotation marks. it's redundant 692136 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}} </noinclude> <includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. {{lorem ipsum}}}}}</p> {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">—<cite style="font-style:normal;">[[{{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}}</blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude>{{-}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} {{esoteric}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[it:Template:quote]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 75lqjtq3sq6bqw75a6smsi8q6r9j0j6 692137 692136 2007-01-01T13:27:15Z Ligulem 14475 Skip {{lorem ipsum}} on transclusions to save resources per details on [[Wikipedia:Template limits]]. Don't let {{lorem ipsum}} show up in lists of transcluded templates on ordinary pages 692137 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}} </noinclude> <includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude> {{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}</p> {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">—<cite style="font-style:normal;">[[{{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}}</blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude>{{-}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name}} <code><nowiki>{{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Quote|Phrase|Somebody|Somebody's full name|topic}} {{esoteric}} [[fr:modèle:citation]] [[it:Template:quote]] [[Category:Quotation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> rfy1lzqtdbfqrhzipaien2w08bbma8b 692138 692137 2007-01-09T01:06:46Z Down10 14605 +[[WP:DOC]] 692138 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;">{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude> {{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">—<cite style="font-style:normal;">[[{{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}} </blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ar4ij493odnx5n9y81ujpy957edg9uo 692139 692138 2007-01-09T14:52:30Z 67.32.218.188 wookiee copy rather 692139 wikitext text/x-wiki :<span {{t|1=title="Source:&nbsp;{{{3}}}"|1{{{3|}}}=}}>"''{{{1}}}''"</span> :&mdash;{{{2}}}<noinclude>__NOTOC__ ==Usage instructions== {{excerpt|<nowiki>{{quote|</nowiki>''quote''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''attribution''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''source''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}} ===Notes=== *If any text is assigned to the ''source'' field, it will be rendered as a browser [[Wikipedia:Tool tip|tool tip]]. ==Example== ====Code==== {{excerpt|&#123;&#123;quote&#124;The Force will be with you. Always.&#124;<nowiki>[[Obi-Wan Kenobi]]</nowiki>&#124;Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope&#125;&#125;}} ====Result==== {{quote|The Force will be with you. Always.|[[Obi-Wan Kenobi]]|Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope}} ==See also== *[[Template:Quotetrans]] *[[Template:Qlisten]] *[[Template:Quote2]] ==Note== As a heavily used, high-visibility template, this template is protected from editing by anonymous or newly registered users. [[Category:Utility templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 50aowy0v0xmahv5b44tozgrj13s9pc9 692140 692139 2007-01-09T14:53:58Z 67.32.218.188 oops 692140 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;">{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude> {{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;">—<cite style="font-style:normal;">[[{{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{4|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{4}}}}}</cite></p>}} </blockquote><!-- {{subst:FULLPAGENAME}} --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ar4ij493odnx5n9y81ujpy957edg9uo 692141 692140 2007-01-18T02:14:48Z Down10 14605 removed the rather confusing "full name" parameter; some cleanup 692141 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|Someone|Someone's full name|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;"> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}} {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;"><small>—<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></small></p>}} </blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> tay0gjb8g80i25dj5fj40l5gj8873sm 692142 692141 2007-01-18T02:19:33Z Down10 14605 corrections 692142 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;"> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}} {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;"><small>—<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></small></p>}} </blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 04ejuqrs3o4ha8ax8ijmwz1nufeam7n 692143 692142 2007-01-18T02:20:38Z Down10 14605 corrections 692143 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;"> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}} {{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;"><small>—<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></small></p>}} </blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> d2xoq64faabjrjlksysu39bcvf0wcbj 692144 692143 2007-02-21T02:38:47Z Omegatron 26956 removing newlines for a test 692144 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;">{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;"><small>—<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></small></p>}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> q9c4una2fezjltufyw3n3ejio4sqr1z 692145 692144 2007-03-15T01:24:57Z 82.73.141.64 692145 wikitext text/x-wiki </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;">{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;"><small>—<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></small></p>}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> msprdv520ynppn0dl23xqehbt39fc3e 692146 692145 2007-03-15T01:25:14Z Nakon 347 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/82.73.141.64|82.73.141.64]] ([[User talk:82.73.141.64|talk]]) to last version by Omegatron 692146 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;">{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;"><small>—<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></small></p>}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> q9c4una2fezjltufyw3n3ejio4sqr1z 692147 692146 2007-05-09T20:30:07Z Jesus the Tank Engine 64879 692147 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="position:absolute;left:0px;top:100px;color:red;font-size:24pt">Wikipedia admins are fucking bastards!</div> 92nmjq8o10ish12h32nf94iggcp0ebg 692148 692147 2007-05-09T20:30:30Z Enviroboy 47970 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Jesus the Tank Engine|Jesus the Tank Engine]] identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by [[User:Naconkantari|Naconkantari]]. using [[WP:TWINKLE|TW]] 692148 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;">{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;"><small>—<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></small></p>}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> q9c4una2fezjltufyw3n3ejio4sqr1z 692149 692148 2007-05-09T22:19:38Z JttE 64880 syntax 692149 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="position:absolute;left:0px;top:100px;color:red;font-size:24pt">Wikipedia admins are fucking bastards!</div> 92nmjq8o10ish12h32nf94iggcp0ebg 692150 692149 2007-05-09T22:20:22Z Cocoaguy 38304 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/JttE|JttE]] identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by [[User:Enviroboy|Enviroboy]]. using [[WP:TWINKLE|TW]] 692150 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;">{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;"><small>—<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></small></p>}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> q9c4una2fezjltufyw3n3ejio4sqr1z 692151 692150 2007-05-09T22:21:04Z Cocoaguy 38304 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Cocoaguy|Cocoaguy]] to last revision by [[User:JttE|JttE]]. using [[WP:TWINKLE|TW]] 692151 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="position:absolute;left:0px;top:100px;color:red;font-size:24pt">Wikipedia admins are fucking bastards!</div> 92nmjq8o10ish12h32nf94iggcp0ebg 692152 692151 2007-05-09T22:21:49Z Cocoaguy 38304 rv-self edit 692152 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;">{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;"><small>—<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></small></p>}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> q9c4una2fezjltufyw3n3ejio4sqr1z 692153 692152 2007-05-09T23:26:00Z Alison 12987 Protected Template:Quote: High risk template [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed] 692152 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top:0;">{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<p style="line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;"><small>—<cite style="font-style:normal;">{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></small></p>}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> q9c4una2fezjltufyw3n3ejio4sqr1z 692154 692153 2007-06-09T13:50:49Z Edward Z. Yang 47173 css-ify template 692154 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote">{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<div>—<cite>{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> pl6x3xryckrvii9ekrw1htwm2z94ahj 692155 692154 2007-07-23T22:51:08Z Omegatron 26956 making this more specific so i can add another div 692155 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote">{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—<cite>{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 8u17qbkh7l6l8l0avg8hudgbzxrywnu 692156 692155 2007-07-23T23:10:30Z Omegatron 26956 workaround for [[Bugzilla:6200]] newlines inside block quotes. [[Wikipedia:Bypass your cache|]] if the indentation looks wrong 692156 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}} </div>{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—<cite>{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 1f5nl406g7ea5sewhd08j1n8i8dgo99 692157 692156 2007-07-23T23:45:27Z Omegatron 26956 692157 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}} </div>{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—<cite>{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{template doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> amcnrunrik6hcdqhvp5ctbsn2exa85o 692158 692157 2007-08-08T21:52:23Z MadmanBot 54708 [automatic] +{{[[Template:pp-semi-protected|pp-semi-protected]]}} 692158 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}} </div>{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—<cite>{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{template doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> i09agxrcudnt053zlcb8gcrrp21hi23 692159 692158 2007-08-10T00:13:04Z Omegatron 26956 692159 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}}</noinclude><noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}} </div>{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—<cite>{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{template doc}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> fyszfi97xxltkpkggk0bs905uiir203 692160 692159 2007-10-02T02:45:41Z Pathoschild 155 {{documentation}} 692160 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}}</noinclude><noinclude>{{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}}</noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}} </div>{{#if:{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—<cite>{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote><!-- [[Template:Quote]] --></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 5n4e9arj7hfh5asoxxuquvsqp5ndpog 692161 692160 2007-11-14T20:54:49Z Dbenbenn 35 what's with the <noinclude> sections inside <includeonly> section? Remove them, since they never appear anywhere. 692161 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}} </div>{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—<cite>{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 7pk1mbg3q3k464pqzssq2gevd3rdml6 692162 692161 2007-11-16T19:09:16Z AddieMaddie 64881 692162 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}} </div>{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> l2dvpzphmosbl4qhjhepijgrqpy0pia 692163 692162 2008-07-10T23:38:05Z Mr.Z-man 14582 Changed protection level for "[[Template:Quote]]": Heavily used template [edit=sysop:move=sysop] 692162 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}} </div>{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> l2dvpzphmosbl4qhjhepijgrqpy0pia 692164 692163 2008-10-15T23:32:10Z Luna Santin 26957 updating protection template 692164 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}} </div>{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> dmlciaewi0tm48alsk38v02t4kovijf 692165 692164 2009-10-18T22:25:40Z Plastikspork 14478 Merging {{"}} 692165 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> t9k0gg2byw0a8xuufqtx4wviaakz2j9 692166 692165 2009-10-18T22:28:27Z Plastikspork 14478 Removing newline? 692166 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div>{{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 40pnpeic4nkotwddhf5awr2c3owisv8 692167 692166 2009-11-13T03:58:47Z Rjanag 31317 rmv unnecessary div 692167 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} {{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> p312eh1i492l8dv2fgvb8y4qskmod0u 692168 692167 2009-11-14T01:00:00Z Rjanag 31317 re-add <div> to fix a problem I created. trying to also fix the problem that cuased this, by adding an id=. this may cause html standards problems, so i'll leave a note at Talk 692168 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div id="quote">{{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 735npkt36v6vh9p0xuvrc8g6ocbbllo 692169 692168 2009-11-14T01:01:04Z Rjanag 31317 id didn't help 692169 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div>{{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 40pnpeic4nkotwddhf5awr2c3owisv8 692170 692169 2009-11-14T01:03:02Z Rjanag 31317 quick test 692170 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><span>{{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} </span>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> c0o0ly5rgcthi016odv8uefzli190m4 692171 692170 2009-11-14T01:03:21Z Rjanag 31317 [[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 325720434 by [[Special:Contributions/Rjanag|Rjanag]] ([[User talk:Rjanag|talk]]) no good 692171 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div>{{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 40pnpeic4nkotwddhf5awr2c3owisv8 692172 692171 2009-11-14T05:00:25Z Rjanag 31317 put divs on separate lines 692172 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> t9k0gg2byw0a8xuufqtx4wviaakz2j9 692173 692172 2009-11-14T05:02:07Z Rjanag 31317 weird 692173 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"> <div> {{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} </div> {{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> iijt7gh2v1ddx79dl0ie3v61dn3vb6m 692174 692173 2009-11-14T05:03:05Z Rjanag 31317 trying another thing 692174 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"> <div>{{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}}</div> {{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> rxv1ukk35t55ssq5jouxwk889xreb3u 692175 692174 2009-11-14T05:03:45Z Rjanag 31317 this corrected one problem while creating another. reverting 692175 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div> {{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} </div> {{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 1qoi4oi7y4x961obda33nc09n3fzuw6 692176 692175 2009-11-14T05:04:25Z Rjanag 31317 rmv space 692176 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div>{{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 40pnpeic4nkotwddhf5awr2c3owisv8 692177 692176 2009-11-14T05:07:51Z Rjanag 31317 let's see what this does 692177 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly> <div> <blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} {{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote> </div> </includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> cl8zmn2w3dsz0w98vw5jb511k388l2h 692178 692177 2009-11-14T05:08:40Z Rjanag 31317 hm 692178 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><div> <blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} {{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div>}}</blockquote> </div></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 6pg143i7lo9yqqsz7m3jkmeklv1olzx 692179 692178 2009-11-14T05:10:43Z Rjanag 31317 rv 692179 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}}{{-}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{lorem ipsum}}|[[Someone's full name|Someone]]|''Source''}} </noinclude><includeonly><blockquote class="templatequote"><div>{{{text|{{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.}}}}}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&nbsp;{{{3}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 40pnpeic4nkotwddhf5awr2c3owisv8 692180 692179 2009-12-30T13:20:51Z TheDJ 4008 add named source=, user {{error}} for errors, example 692180 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} </noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote"><div>{{{text|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}} }}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}} }}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}} }}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}} }}}|,&nbsp;{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>''Source''</noinclude>}}} }}} }}</cite></div >}}</blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> mp27x9ay82bd8vxh31sp0wx9vcwie0h 692181 692180 2010-03-06T07:34:17Z Father Goose 28335 remove spaces; they screw up the formatting of the template 692181 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} </noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote"><div>{{{text|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;<cite>{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}|,&nbsp;{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>''Source''</noinclude>}}}}}}}}</cite></div >}}</blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> l319co722mx45bx9fwyrvs4a40p4smi 692182 692181 2010-03-15T13:21:29Z TheDJ 4008 per html5, cite should only be used for the name of works that are being cited, not for authors and not for referencing full citations 692182 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{For|linking a subject to a collection of quotations on [[Wikiquote]]|Template:Wikiquote}} {{-}} </noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote"><div>{{{text|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}|,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>''Source''</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite>}}</div >}}</blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> sjl73w65m79nsbzr35m5mdm9ix4s0nh 692183 692182 2010-12-06T13:08:06Z MSGJ 14482 move hatnote to documentation to prevent misunderstandings 692183 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote"><div>{{{text|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}} </div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}|,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>''Source''</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite>}}</div >}}</blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ilbwsx3rkqckjxwatls3mxynqdru53h 692184 692183 2011-10-10T16:31:35Z MSGJ 14482 tweak spacing to fix errors, per request 692184 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote"><div>{{{text|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}</div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>''Source''</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }}</blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 708y98b8ko7jvwjf85gmw0do1vqh5g5 692185 692184 2012-02-18T05:25:45Z Tra 14584 add class="Bug6200" per talk 692185 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="Bug6200">{{{text|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}</div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>''Source''</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }}</blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 9ldqbon8tzk13p78xbo1egc4mhlran5 692186 692185 2012-03-25T01:28:12Z Plastikspork 14478 Merging [[template:Epigraph]] per TfD outcome 692186 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="Bug6200">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}</div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{cite|{{{3|<noinclude>''Source''</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }}</blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 9vs2ucvd5kh5gsfawbnfsd0qysph9p1 692187 692186 2012-03-25T01:29:38Z Plastikspork 14478 Merging [[template:Epigraph]] per TfD outcome 692187 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="Bug6200">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}</div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>''Source''</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }}</blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> aj6ob0x38dinsg2rjyoy2nl598jwnqj 692188 692187 2013-03-28T00:40:54Z Gadget850 27043 remove italics from <cite>: no longer needed now that <cite> has been defaulted 692188 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="Bug6200">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}</div>{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }}</blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> eer6uc0kgameb2yju46xdlh56mt1zpx 692189 692188 2013-10-15T17:22:22Z Kaldari 28246 Bug 6200 is supposed to be fixed now. Removing div workaround. https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6200 692189 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }}</blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> skni6q98etjsy4ewdz1rvvwn7tu043t 692190 692189 2013-10-16T07:15:48Z Kaldari 28246 Workaround for lingering issues with Bug 6200 692190 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> oj06f7uorzgitn64z9ja51blm4vedy7 692191 692190 2014-04-11T03:53:30Z Mr. Stradivarius 14479 Changed protection level of Template:Quote: [[WP:High-risk templates|Highly visible template]]: allow template editors ([Edit=Allow only template editors and admins] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only template editors and admins] (indefinite)) 692190 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> oj06f7uorzgitn64z9ja51blm4vedy7 692192 692191 2014-10-21T19:33:12Z Pigsonthewing 6277 Nominated for merging with [[Template:Quotation]]; see [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 October 21#Template:Quotation]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 692192 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quotation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 October 21#Template:Quote|help=off}}</noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 35sc8q110o9era46zco4ugfr1cs8rts 692193 692192 2014-11-17T01:24:21Z Plastikspork 14478 Add [[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]] before redirect Bquote here 692193 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quotation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 October 21#Template:Quote|help=off}}</noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 4ai5kv9zz2g7wg71c8k2efn9dlw4fl8 692194 692193 2014-11-29T18:39:45Z Plastikspork 14478 Relisted 692194 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quotation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 November 29#Template:Quote|help=off}}</noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> gvqkn6zd0gljax7cxg1g480tkqd8byo 692195 692194 2015-01-10T11:49:16Z Gadget850 27043 author as alias of sign for compatability 692195 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quotation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 November 29#Template:Quote|help=off}}</noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> axp84ciui5fekablbk4hh2xvgnljyg8 692196 692195 2015-01-10T13:32:16Z SiBr4 5190 Fixed most recent edit by adding missing pipe 692196 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quotation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 November 29#Template:Quote|help=off}}</noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> kp99n5zlqtok1m2r6y8j229b3ps1y7r 692197 692196 2015-02-06T13:04:06Z Pigsonthewing 6277 merge from sandbox; also including more recent edits 692197 wikitext text/x-wiki <div><blockquote class="templatequote {{#ifeq:{{{box}}}|yes|toccolours|}}" style="display:inline-block;">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;&nbsp;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote></div><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> oz3cxd87kce2ssfysuijg1ir2uthbeg 692198 692197 2015-02-06T13:07:55Z Pigsonthewing 6277 stet 692198 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quotation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 November 29#Template:Quote|help=off}}</noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> kp99n5zlqtok1m2r6y8j229b3ps1y7r 692199 692198 2015-02-08T17:08:02Z Frietjes 14509 add two parameters from [[template:bq]] which will facilitate merging 692199 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quotation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 November 29#Template:Quote|help=off}}</noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> mt1m31nn2uxqgjg79aydb83qhmzxvlq 692200 692199 2015-02-08T17:28:08Z Frietjes 14509 add optional style parameter to facilitate merge of [[template:bq]] 692200 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quotation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 November 29#Template:Quote|help=off}}</noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote" style="{{{style|}}}">{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&#8212;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ri3zgixaondizeqddod96l6vti742jt 692201 692200 2015-02-08T17:45:29Z Edokter 14520 conditional style, use named entity. 692201 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quotation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 November 29#Template:Quote|help=off}}</noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&emdash;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> fwh741szfky5hwt4kbxflvnrup723h2 692202 692201 2015-02-08T17:46:04Z Edokter 14520 oops... 692202 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quotation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 November 29#Template:Quote|help=off}}</noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&mdash;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> dm3yt0o8p6kcw01b89fse61dgwuzuhc 692203 692202 2015-02-09T15:24:28Z Frietjes 14509 template:bq has now been redirected/merged here per tfd, adding parameters which were not merged here in the tracking 692203 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quotation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2014 November 29#Template:Quote|help=off}}</noinclude><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&mdash;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> j9d4jcywrr0gz6ow1ynhsdn6vs5s7t1 692204 692203 2015-02-28T03:22:34Z Swarm 14526 closed 692204 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&mdash;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>[[Someone's full name|Someone]]</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> sx4voldxffov86ww6kc1uce7ptqylae 692205 692204 2015-06-06T22:09:43Z SMcCandlish 14527 bypass incorrect treatment of <cite>...</cite> by MW as auto-italicized; don't wrongly imply that author is auto-linked 692205 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&mdash;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite style="font-style: normal;">{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> mz531xhr110gpg29cvw67njxfcc2e3g 692206 692205 2015-06-07T19:35:32Z Edokter 14520 Italics for cite is user-agent default, *not* MW default. Discuss default styling on [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css]]. 692206 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">&mdash;{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |,&nbsp;<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ahqatczuwd4qe9fsxlkbwztrkcgx9k0 692207 692206 2015-06-18T12:52:35Z Dinoguy1000 13237 remove the stupid requirement of specifying an author in order to specify a source 692207 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |<div class="templatequotecite">—{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>TRUE</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Someone</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|,&nbsp;}}<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite> }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> dfv5lu0pgjlaqw1o9ek9b5to264pujf 692208 692207 2015-06-18T13:27:09Z Izkala 14631 Fix for when source is positional 692208 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Author</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}|<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite>}} }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> fb5ph5nz6fb3jju20jzruv28zg44h4p 692209 692208 2015-06-18T20:25:51Z Dinoguy1000 13237 that's one of the reasons I don't like nested parameters in the conditional part of #if statements 692209 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Author</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite>}} }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> mmcpwhfwwyqn0vxaolh0vv9888cf1vx 692210 692209 2015-07-04T17:54:01Z Dinoguy1000 13237 [[Template talk:Quote#cite attribute]] 692210 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{url|}}}|cite="{{{url}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Author</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite>}} }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 3hg0sqy54nchm3og16ha5wdx92bsoud 692211 692210 2015-08-18T11:03:28Z Pigsonthewing 6277 Nominated for merging with [[Template:Quote]]; see [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 August 18#Template:Quote]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 692211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quote|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 August 18#Template:Quote|type=tiny|help=off}} <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{url|}}}|cite="{{{url}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Author</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite>}} }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 27uvatit6w1e96ypcw0es7c73lgo9m1 692212 692211 2015-08-18T11:03:30Z Pigsonthewing 6277 Nominated for merging with [[Template:Quote]]; see [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 August 18#Template:Quote]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 692212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quote|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 August 18#Template:Quote|type=tiny|help=off}} {{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Quote|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 August 18#Template:Quote|type=tiny|help=off}} <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{url|}}}|cite="{{{url}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Author</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite>}} }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 20rz8af4l6fcut8jm912xgftrto6uw8 692213 692212 2015-08-18T11:08:19Z Pigsonthewing 6277 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/Pigsonthewing|Pigsonthewing]] ([[User talk:Pigsonthewing|talk]]) to last version by Dinoguy1000 692213 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{url|}}}|cite="{{{url}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Author</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite>}} }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 3hg0sqy54nchm3og16ha5wdx92bsoud 692214 692213 2015-08-18T11:08:50Z Pigsonthewing 6277 Nominated for merging with [[Template:Barquote]]; see [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 August 18#Template:Barquote]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 692214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Quote|otherpage=Barquote|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 August 18#Template:Quote|type=tiny|help=off}} <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{url|}}}|cite="{{{url}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Author</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite>}} }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> md5n7vsbgaevmy7h55ckl4nnw7sd69y 692215 692214 2015-08-18T13:50:28Z Jonesey95 14480 remove tfm notice, since it's barquote that is being merged and this template is used on 56K pages 692215 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{url|}}}|cite="{{{url}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<div class="templatequotecite">—{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Author</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite>{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}</cite>}} }}</div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 3hg0sqy54nchm3og16ha5wdx92bsoud 692216 692215 2015-09-12T13:26:09Z SMcCandlish 14527 Update: Using modern HTML5 <cite> (includes all citation data, not just title of work) 692216 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{url|}}}|cite="{{{url}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite><div class="templatequotecite">—{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Author</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> qexotgaedvbkphtfby3y2qk07yvjwmp 692217 692216 2015-09-12T15:03:51Z SMcCandlish 14527 rm. addition that serves no WP purpose (it's for internal scripting, and we're not doing any); see talk 692217 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{1|<noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite><div class="templatequotecite">—{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{2|<noinclude>Author</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{3|}}}|{{{source|{{{ts|{{{3|<noinclude>Source</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> p7xvx3kj2ac6lkcv3r1irfv5y1f7rl0 692218 692217 2015-09-12T19:33:07Z SMcCandlish 14527 Tune up: Rm. dead code; code cleanup; adding parameter aliases for easier conversion from abused [[Template:Pull quote]], narrow nobreak space after mdash, etc. - see recent sandbox history for the changes in detail (they do not affect display in any way) 692218 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{quotetext|{{{content|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{personquoted|{{{source|{{{ts|{{{title|{{{publication|{{{quotesource|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!--Next two must remain separate, or will not catch empty unnamed parameters.-->{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&#8239;{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{personquoted|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{title|{{{publication|{{{quotesource|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!--Keep next one separate.-->{{{3|}}}|{{{source|{{{ts|{{{title|{{{publication|{{{quotesource|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> miy1chwmgfk56supvrkobj7ux9u5gdk 692219 692218 2015-10-22T10:55:20Z Edokter 14520 Exotic Unicode produces boxes on some platforms 692219 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{quotetext|{{{content|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{personquoted|{{{source|{{{ts|{{{title|{{{publication|{{{quotesource|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!--Next two must remain separate, or will not catch empty unnamed parameters.-->{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&nbsp;{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{personquoted|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{title|{{{publication|{{{quotesource|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!--Keep next one separate.-->{{{3|}}}|{{{source|{{{ts|{{{title|{{{publication|{{{quotesource|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> jba49xqqzkdy2594aafmg80ts7gyjyl 692220 692219 2015-10-25T04:11:40Z SMcCandlish 14527 compromise on thinspace, then; nbsp is too large for this purpose (and full-width spaces are not used with em dashes; if we want one, we'd also switch to en dash) 692220 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{quotetext|{{{content|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{personquoted|{{{source|{{{ts|{{{title|{{{publication|{{{quotesource|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!--Next two must remain separate, or will not catch empty unnamed parameters.-->{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{personquoted|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|{{{ts|{{{title|{{{publication|{{{quotesource|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!--Keep next one separate.-->{{{3|}}}|{{{source|{{{ts|{{{title|{{{publication|{{{quotesource|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> hzxwmh95moglcbglvtumqa6hwevyay5 692221 692220 2015-11-27T17:28:02Z Dinoguy1000 13237 parameters in the conditional of parser functions *should not* be nested, unless you explicitly require a defined-but-empty parameter to override other parameters which do have content 692221 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{quote|{{{quotetext|{{{content|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;{{Comma separated entries | {{{sign|{{{cite|{{{author|{{{by|{{{personquoted|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} | {{#if:{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{3|}}}|{{{source|{{{ts|{{{title|{{{publication|{{{quotesource|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 00uv2tjlaq2e0j6bw63nqw31dkg6mhh 692222 692221 2015-12-03T23:17:03Z Frietjes 14509 per talk page 692222 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{if empty|{{{text|}}}|{{{quote|}}}|{{{quotetext|}}}|{{{content|}}}|{{{1|}}}|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}</includeonly>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> r0aejfu1b16q1h0n247t4quf71z0ovt 692223 692222 2015-12-04T13:12:23Z Frietjes 14509 per talk page 692223 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{if empty|{{{text|}}}|{{{quote|}}}|{{{quotetext|}}}|{{{content|}}}|{{{1|}}}|<includeonly><span class{{=}}"error">Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)</span></includeonly>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> iw60eoze4nlx2l5mblvnyyq1b1yta6h 692224 692223 2015-12-04T13:13:52Z Frietjes 14509 per talk page 692224 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{if empty|{{{text|}}}|{{{quote|}}}|{{{quotetext|}}}|{{{content|}}}|{{{1|}}}|<includeonly><strong class{{=}}"error">Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)</strong>[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}|<cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> hm5y9u5mjxy7zpo1gtc7po8tz4avh98 692225 692224 2016-01-22T16:12:25Z Frietjes 14509 per talk page 692225 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{if empty|{{{text|}}}|{{{quote|}}}|{{{quotetext|}}}|{{{content|}}}|{{{1|}}}|<includeonly><strong class{{=}}"error">Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)</strong>[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}|<nowiki /> <cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> t5xceweev88n2h2wsf2uk53vozfwvcj 692226 692225 2016-02-07T18:52:48Z SMcCandlish 14527 Handling parameters from [[Template:Quote box]], to enable effortless conversion from abuse of that pull-quote template 692226 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{if empty|{{{text|}}}|{{{quote|}}}|{{{quotetext|}}}|{{{content|}}}|{{{1|}}}|<includeonly><strong class{{=}}"error">Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)</strong>[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}|<nowiki /> <cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 7obdg8lj2664onlmjxfoyp77i2lihwt 692227 692226 2016-02-07T19:11:58Z SMcCandlish 14527 gotta add {{{4|}}} there, too 692227 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{if empty|{{{text|}}}|{{{quote|}}}|{{{quotetext|}}}|{{{content|}}}|{{{1|}}}|<includeonly><strong class{{=}}"error">Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)</strong>[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}|<nowiki /> <cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> p2rphm53b353q1eahv2j0u0zv7vpdry 692228 692227 2016-02-07T19:19:31Z SMcCandlish 14527 adding character parameter 692228 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{if empty|{{{text|}}}|{{{quote|}}}|{{{quotetext|}}}|{{{content|}}}|{{{1|}}}|<includeonly><strong class{{=}}"error">Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)</strong>[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|<nowiki /> <cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> rkhsm7jrpf5e2289jxbj758ckgoqo9s 692229 692228 2016-02-09T17:11:10Z Frietjes 14509 per talk 692229 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{if empty|{{{text|}}}|{{{quote|}}}|{{{quotetext|}}}|{{{content|}}}|{{{1|}}}|<includeonly><strong class{{=}}"error">Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)</strong>[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <cite><div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</div></cite> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> slf004hia66ooe08lo6xyrucb92s18j 692230 692229 2016-06-04T16:14:55Z Edokter 14520 <cite> inside <div> 692230 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{if empty|{{{text|}}}|{{{quote|}}}|{{{quotetext|}}}|{{{content|}}}|{{{1|}}}|<includeonly><strong class{{=}}"error">Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)</strong>[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite"><cite>—&thinsp;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude>{{{{PAGENAME}}|{{lorem}}|Jane Doe|"My Dinner with Alien Invaders"}} {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> pkaqloq4g6ykgcctzqniqcbleydmbea 692231 692230 2016-07-05T10:03:58Z SMcCandlish 14527 consistent parameter handling between pull-quote templates (and leaner code for it); don't hide default output of template: people need to see what it is 692231 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite"><cite>—&thinsp;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> mtfpyrg33yj5hjbssjvoebebibk7an9 692232 692231 2017-10-01T03:00:21Z Izno 4303 clean cite 692232 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> s8dwj2x5obwnzhkskmviq1h3sww7hto 692233 692232 2018-08-10T08:37:11Z TheDJ 4008 switch to template styles 692233 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css"/><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> om70ui8vqwqb0g4dmf5omhcst8n82k7 692234 692233 2019-04-20T06:51:46Z Neveselbert 26977 Trim quotemarks 692234 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css"/><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{trimq|{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> jevdwifqr0scylobockkxqi18dihzuz 692235 692234 2019-05-16T06:43:15Z Bsherr 14585 bypassing template redirect 692235 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css"/><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{trim quotes|{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> lwgc1lem0f5cg36qj46vkr4rrkc4dj3 692236 692235 2019-11-18T15:36:36Z Jonesey95 14480 Adding unknown parameter tracking through [[:Category:Pages using quote with unknown parameters]] using [[Module:check for unknown parameters]]. There are hundreds of instances using unsupported parameters. 692236 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css"/><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{trim quotes|{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 1sv5gv1k8wj8f6ytgk0k1u3dowxxxwi 692237 692236 2020-01-30T17:57:17Z SMcCandlish 14527 rm. dead code which was causing problems when the bogus "multiline" parameter was omitted or blank and the quotation content ended with an italicized or boldface string. 692237 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css"/><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{trim quotes|{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|<nowiki /> <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 9q5fj9yyx1r92ryugz4urqzfr1u15sg 692238 692237 2020-01-30T18:01:51Z SMcCandlish 14527 Needs a <nowiki /> here, too, or it can choke on quotations that begin with wikimarkup like ''', after a linebreak following "{{Quote|" or "{{Quote|1=", etc. 692238 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css"/><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}><nowiki />{{trim quotes|{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|<nowiki /> <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 8ji428g3cncenje3i6evrdwr9s70s0i 692239 692238 2020-01-30T21:59:31Z SMcCandlish 14527 Until [[Module:Trim quotes]] gets some additional smarts, this is the only way to fix a particular bug. Thanks to davidwr and Jonesey95 for tracking down the issue. 692239 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css"/><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{trim quotes|{{#if:{{{notrim|}}}|<nowiki />}}{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|<nowiki /> <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | notrim | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 9jvzkx862hm2zwuyifw66u18cehow3a 692240 692239 2020-02-18T23:34:44Z Jonesey95 14480 Restore to version before all of this trim quotes kerfuffle, with the parameter check intact. See talk page for discussion. 692240 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css"/><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }} </blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 972kh2h4l6bachifvh3j3ijyp72ftc5 692241 692240 2020-02-29T14:27:35Z Nardog 14651 rm line break, which caused disruption when used within an indented paragraph or a list item 692241 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css"/><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 1gjm9npka141a2fqm9zho056nvkdsmo 692242 692241 2020-07-27T02:00:18Z Mdaniels5757 10731 Implement alias 5, also syntax highlight fix per TPER 692242 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 67kw8p690dcehwrecsliyje1i9qk1wu 692243 692242 2020-09-17T14:37:59Z Neveselbert 26977 Main other 692243 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> hbzcsmp179munres8rvavqe1xi55qz1 692244 692243 2020-12-01T01:17:17Z RMCD bot 14603 Notifying subject page of move discussion on [[Template talk:Quote#Requested move 1 December 2020 |Template talk:Quote]] 692244 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Template:Blockquote|2=Template talk:Quote#Requested move 1 December 2020 }} </noinclude><templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ne7ihujh6q70t2yti3rx0z9suij8ff0 692245 692244 2020-12-28T19:20:13Z RMCD bot 14603 Removing notice of move discussion 692245 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> hbzcsmp179munres8rvavqe1xi55qz1 692246 692245 2020-12-28T21:58:57Z JJMC89 6760 JJMC89 moved page [[Template:Quote]] to [[Template:Blockquote]]: [[Wikipedia:Requested moves|requested move]]; consensus at [[Template talk:Blockquote]] 692245 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Quote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> hbzcsmp179munres8rvavqe1xi55qz1 692247 692246 2020-12-28T22:00:40Z JJMC89 6760 Style moved with template 692247 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 9vf4u7gi62vnprbfj8or93hop1bt8bv 692248 692247 2021-05-18T22:23:33Z GKFX 14622 Carry out edit request from [[User:Great Brightstar]] (partial) 692248 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using quote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Quote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> sfgxr9vmrz87g3omphd41q6no5rbzwl 692249 692248 2021-06-29T13:56:58Z Jonesey95 14480 fix cats post-move (should have been done in December 2020) 692249 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{class|}}}{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the Blockquote template]]}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> tg27x2nft768qonkkbkjnu96fw2fsuo 692250 692249 2022-11-07T21:42:08Z Jonesey95 14480 remove documented parameter class= from the check that assigns pages to "incorrectly using" category. See talk. 692250 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&thinsp;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the Blockquote template]]}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> m1l2yk99dvxx622jo2qpdyewbluo05t 692251 692250 2023-07-04T03:35:03Z SMcCandlish 14527 Changing thin-space to hair space per talk page request and MoS 692251 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&#8202;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{id|}}}{{{diff|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the Blockquote template]]}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | diff | id | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> n5gjmmtpx7lsj0ubw4h3ddrzhuf809u 692252 692251 2023-10-13T15:22:27Z Jonesey95 14480 remove old tracking for id/diff/4/5, which were left over from a merge 692252 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&#8202;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 29mmi6jvbtob3u5m0c5p8d9zyjrge0c 692253 692252 2024-12-24T14:15:37Z Explicit 28265 Protected "[[Template:Blockquote]]": [[WP:MOVP|Highly visible page]]: Restored protection. ([Edit=Require administrator access] (indefinite) [Move=Require administrator access] (indefinite)) 692252 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&#8202;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 29mmi6jvbtob3u5m0c5p8d9zyjrge0c 692254 692253 2024-12-25T00:56:35Z Explicit 28265 Changed protection settings for "[[Template:Blockquote]]": [[WP:MOVP|Highly visible page]]: Allow template editors. ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 692252 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite">—&#8202;<cite>{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</cite></div> }}</blockquote>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 29mmi6jvbtob3u5m0c5p8d9zyjrge0c 692255 692254 2025-07-28T20:25:46Z Jonesey95 14480 Update syntax per HTML specifications linked in July 2025 TPER 692255 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">—&#8202;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</p></div> }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!--Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 8blci5qfyhtgcc5mhfx8p4i02tjzi2g 692256 692255 2025-08-03T15:26:59Z Jonesey95 14480 Fix source style to fix Template:Rquote 692256 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}; width:90%;"}}"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">—&#8202;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</p></div> }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!--Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 2exj9x82ttkjzbls1bx33vrv64z5z1d 692257 692256 2025-08-03T15:44:31Z Jonesey95 14480 rm not needed; changed Template:Rquote instead 692257 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}</blockquote>{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki />}} <div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">—&#8202;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</p></div> }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!--Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 8blci5qfyhtgcc5mhfx8p4i02tjzi2g 692258 692257 2025-10-17T15:58:19Z Jonesey95 14480 Update from sandbox after extensive testing. Recent edits (by me) inadvertently broke the fragile "multiline" feature, which works around a longstanding line wrapping issue in the blockquote tag. 692258 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki /> </blockquote>|</blockquote>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}| <div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">—&#8202;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</p></div>}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!--Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 7v7upn7651e9cxminlf1w5ts60ngl1t 692259 692258 2025-10-17T16:04:44Z Jonesey95 14480 comment on strange newline 692259 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki /><!-- See talk page in 2025 for why this newline needs to be here --> </blockquote>|</blockquote>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}| <div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">—&#8202;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</p></div>}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!--Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> g7n7pv15tnzl05fx3i60b1fldxyxojx 692260 692259 2026-07-29T18:00:31Z SafariScribe 18560 137 revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Blockquote]] 692259 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{lorem ipsum}}</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki /><!-- See talk page in 2025 for why this newline needs to be here --> </blockquote>|</blockquote>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}| <div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">—&#8202;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</p></div>}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!--Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> g7n7pv15tnzl05fx3i60b1fldxyxojx 692278 692260 2026-07-29T18:10:40Z SafariScribe 18560 /* */ ce 692278 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" /><!-- --><blockquote class="templatequote {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{{text|{{{content|{{{quotetext|{{{quote|{{{1|<includeonly>{{error|Error: No text given for quotation (or equals sign used in the actual argument to an unnamed parameter)}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages incorrectly using the quote template]]}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{multiline|}}}|<nowiki /><!-- See talk page in 2025 for why this newline needs to be here --> </blockquote>|</blockquote>}}{{#if:{{{sign|}}}{{{cite|}}}{{{author|}}}{{{by|}}}{{{personquoted|}}}{{{source|}}}{{{ts|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{publication|}}}{{{quotesource|}}}{{{char|}}}{{{character|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}| <div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">—&#8202;{{#if:{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}|{{{char|{{{character|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}, in&#32;}}{{Comma separated entries | {{if empty|{{{sign|}}}|{{{cite|}}}|{{{author|}}}|{{{by|}}}|{{{personquoted|}}}|{{{2|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{publication|}}}|{{{ts|}}}|{{{quotesource|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} | {{if empty|{{{source|}}}|{{{4|}}}}} }}</p></div>}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Blockquote template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Blockquote]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!--Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> rf4meyl8r9y7pcn5pchq0d2uh34uag5 10 78074 692263 2018-08-10T08:31:11Z TheDJ 4008 [[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '/* Styling for Template:Quote */ .templatequote { margin-top: 0; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-al...' 692263 sanitized-css text/css /* Styling for Template:Quote */ .templatequote { margin-top: 0; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } 1x6m1p3p7qd5h25fzvl13leq2liibnh 692264 692263 2018-08-10T08:36:26Z TheDJ 4008 692264 sanitized-css text/css /* Styling for Template:Quote */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 40px; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } 6hy3prta4plrjql0hokpde8k7i3yj83 692265 692264 2018-08-24T08:21:59Z Ymblanter 5743 Protected "[[Template:Quote/styles.css]]": [[WP:High-risk templates|Highly visible template]]: RFPP request ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 692264 sanitized-css text/css /* Styling for Template:Quote */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 40px; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } 6hy3prta4plrjql0hokpde8k7i3yj83 692266 692265 2019-03-03T23:39:21Z Pppery 14521 Adding protection template 692266 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} Styling for Template:Quote */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 40px; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } g8r17tm6w427t5biabu8zq993ovgl21 692267 692266 2020-06-04T23:38:14Z Izno 4303 ws, remove obvious 692267 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 40px; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } 5iyknyu9w0qaq7phpi470ml3qjlihah 692268 692267 2020-12-28T21:59:00Z JJMC89 6760 JJMC89 moved page [[Template:Quote/styles.css]] to [[Template:Blockquote/styles.css]] without leaving a redirect: [[Wikipedia:Requested moves|requested move]]; consensus at [[Template talk:Blockquote]] 692267 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 40px; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } 5iyknyu9w0qaq7phpi470ml3qjlihah 692269 692268 2024-02-24T16:00:16Z Jonesey95 14480 Match .mw-body blockquote from MediaWiki style. See talk page 692269 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 32px; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } md47gkiodqhwguqiyjmm6684jdsim40 692270 692269 2024-02-24T16:03:38Z Jonesey95 14480 match mobile formatting. See talk page 692270 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 32px; } .blockquote { padding: 0 32px; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } ejvu0d2x0gapoq3xtv8eyr0zhfmxncy 692271 692270 2024-02-24T16:04:26Z Jonesey95 14480 typo 692271 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 32px; } blockquote { padding: 0 32px; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } lyou2p6n9batt5ug1be8znze0e4rslu 692272 692271 2024-02-24T16:07:25Z Jonesey95 14480 trim test 692272 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 32px; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } md47gkiodqhwguqiyjmm6684jdsim40 692273 692272 2024-03-03T16:14:54Z Jonesey95 14480 try to match default blockquote tag formatting, which appears to have changed. See https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)&curid=3252662&diff=1211600813&oldid=1211518868#Excessive_indentation_of_block_quotations 692273 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 8px 32px; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } 7br8xc3t5el3ct6luev1c8euyms2bav 692274 692273 2024-03-03T16:17:04Z Jonesey95 14480 Undid revision 1211632851 by [[Special:Contributions/Jonesey95|Jonesey95]] ([[User talk:Jonesey95|talk]]). Change is not applied for some reason. I may never understand templatestyles. 692274 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 32px; } .templatequote .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-top: 0; } md47gkiodqhwguqiyjmm6684jdsim40 692275 692274 2024-09-06T23:38:58Z Izno 4303 already have a lot of left whitespace on small resolutions with quotations, so make this inline below 500px. remove some unnecessary specificity 692275 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 32px; } .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; margin-top: 0; } @media (min-width: 500px) { .templatequotecite { /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; } } 975tzgnvhd5jyqf0ucyxd4w8q6i98j0 692276 692275 2026-07-29T18:03:25Z SafariScribe 18560 13 revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Blockquote/styles.css]] 692275 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 32px; } .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; margin-top: 0; } @media (min-width: 500px) { .templatequotecite { /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; } } 975tzgnvhd5jyqf0ucyxd4w8q6i98j0 692277 692276 2026-07-29T18:05:10Z SafariScribe 18560 Protected "[[Templeeti:Blockquote/styles.css]]" ([Mèzi=Kwe ka naanị ndị nchịkwa] (àghọ́ta) [Papụ̀=Kwe ka naanị ndị nchịkwa] (àghọ́ta)) 692275 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .templatequote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 32px; } .templatequotecite { line-height: 1.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; margin-top: 0; } @media (min-width: 500px) { .templatequotecite { /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; } } 975tzgnvhd5jyqf0ucyxd4w8q6i98j0 0 78075 692461 2026-07-30T08:10:23Z Skybrave 64884 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366210027|Music]]" 692461 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The_Sounds_of_Earth_-_GPN-2000-001976.jpg|thumb|Ihu nke nwere akara nke Voyager Golden Record, nke di n'ime Voyager probes ezipuru na mbara igwe, nke ihe dị na ya bụ egwu si akụkụ ụwa dị iche iche.]] cpb5tg2dt8wa0z78gnu09xfzom0rl9k