Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Sokoto 0 7200 696832 181437 2026-08-04T14:55:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696832 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Weather box|location=Sokoto (1981–2010)|single line=Yes|metric first=Yes|Jan high C=32.1|Feb high C=34.8|Mar high C=38.6|Apr high C=40.6|May high C=39.0|Jun high C=36.2|Jul high C=32.8|Aug high C=31.3|Sep high C=32.8|Oct high C=36.0|Nov high C=36.1|Dec high C=32.9|year high C=|Jan mean C=24.5|Feb mean C=27.1|Mar mean C=31.2|Apr mean C=33.7|May mean C=33.1|Jun mean C=30.9|Jul mean C=28.2|Aug mean C=27.2|Sep mean C=28.0|Oct mean C=29.7|Nov mean C=28.3|Dec mean C=25.3|year mean C=|Jan low C=16.9|Feb low C=19.4|Mar low C=23.8|Apr low C=26.9|May low C=27.3|Jun low C=25.6|Jul low C=23.6|Aug low C=23.1|Sep low C=23.2|Oct low C=23.4|Nov low C=20.5|Dec low C=17.7|year low C=|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=0.0|Feb rain mm=0.1|Mar rain mm=1.5|Apr rain mm=4.8|May rain mm=46.5|Jun rain mm=80.0|Jul rain mm=186.6|Aug rain mm=200.5|Sep rain mm=109.8|Oct rain mm=17.2|Nov rain mm=0.0|Dec rain mm=0.0|year rain mm=|unit rain days=0.2 mm|Jan rain days=0|Feb rain days=0|Mar rain days=0|Apr rain days=1|May rain days=4|Jun rain days=7|Jul rain days=11|Aug rain days=14|Sep rain days=8|Oct rain days=2|Nov rain days=0|Dec rain days=0|year rain days=|Jan humidity=24|Feb humidity=19|Mar humidity=21|Apr humidity=34|May humidity=50|Jun humidity=62|Jul humidity=76|Aug humidity=83|Sep humidity=80|Oct humidity=64|Nov humidity=36|Dec humidity=27|year humidity=|Jan sun=288.3|Feb sun=268.4|Mar sun=275.9|Apr sun=255.0|May sun=272.8|Jun sun=279.0|Jul sun=229.4|Aug sun=186.0|Sep sun=237.0|Oct sun=303.8|Nov sun=300.0|Dec sun=300.7|year sun=|Jand sun=9.3|Febd sun=9.5|Mard sun=8.9|Aprd sun=8.5|Mayd sun=8.8|Jund sun=9.3|Juld sun=7.4|Augd sun=6.0|Sepd sun=7.9|Octd sun=9.8|Novd sun=10.0|Decd sun=9.7|yeard sun=|source 1=[[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name = WMO > {{cite web | url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=2051 | title = World Weather Information Service – Sokoto | publisher= World Meteorological Organization | access-date = 7 July 2016}}</ref>|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1951–1965 and sun, 1952–1961)<ref name = DWD> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_650100_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Sokoto / Nigeria | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = de | access-date = 7 July 2016}}</ref>|date=November 2011}} [[Usòrò:Sokotorivermap.png|thumb|Ọkwá mmiri nke osimiri Sokoto, na-egosi ebe obodo ahụ dị]] '''Sokoto''' bụ nnukwu obodo dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], n'akụkụ njikọ nke [[Sokoto River|Osimiri Sokoto]] na [[Osimiri Rima]]. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2006, o nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ karịrị puku narị anọ na iri abụọ na asaa, narị asaa na iri isii . Sokoto bụ isi obodo nke oge a nke Sokoto Steeti ma bụrụbu isi obodo nke steeti ndị dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ. A maara Sokoto nke oge a maka ịzụ ahịa akpụkpọ atụrụ, akpụkpọ ehi, ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ ihe dị ịrịba ama, mkpụrụ osisi ojii na akpụkpọ ewu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-07|title=Sokoto {{!}} Map, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sokoto-Nigeria|accessdate=2023-08-04|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Ebe obibi nke Sokoto kalifetị, obodo ahụ bụ ndị Alakụba na ebe dị mkpa maka mmụta Alakụba. Sultan nke na-eduzi kalifetị bụ onye ndú ime mmụọ nke ndị okpukpere Alakụba Naijiria. == Aha na mmalite ==   Aha Sokoto nke bụ ụdị nke oge a, nke Bekee nke aha obodo ahụ, ''Sakkwato'' sitere na [[Arabic]], na-anọchite anya ''sooq'', 'ahịa' na Bekee. A makwaara ya dị ka ''Sakkwato, Birnin Shaihu da [[Muhammed Bello|Bello]]"'' ma ọ bụ "Sokoto, Isi obodo Shaihu na Bello". == Ọnọdụ ihu igwe ==   Sokoto nwere ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ . Ọ dị na Sahel kpọrọ nkụ nke savanna ájá na ugwu ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ gbara gburugburu. Na nkezi okpomọkụ kwa afọ nke iri abụo na asatọ mara atọ , Sokoto bụ otu n'ime obodo kachasị ọkụ na Naịjirịa, agbanyeghị, okpomọkụ kachasị elu n'ehihie na-adịkarị n'okpuru iri anọ ihe ka ukwuu n'afọ, na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị mma.<ref name="sokoto-description">{{Cite web|title=A Brief History and Geography of Sokoto State|url=http://www.sokoto-state.com/state.html|accessdate=7 April 2007|archivedate=12 May 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070512010735/http://www.sokoto-state.com/state.html}}</ref> Ọnwa kachasị ọkụ bụ Febrụwarị ruo na ọnwa Eprel, ebe okpomọkụ ehihie nwere ike ịgafe °C. Iri &nbsp;Okpomọkụ kachasị elu e dekọrọ bụ °C. &nbsp;Iri. Oge mmiri ozuzo bụ site na Juunu ruo Ọktomba n'oge mmiri ozuzo na-eme kwa ụbọchị. Mmiri ozuzo anaghị adịte aka ma dị anya site na mmiri ozuzo a maara n'ọtụtụ mpaghara okpomọkụ. Site na ngwụcha Ọktọba ruo Febụwarị, n'oge 'oge oyi', ikuku [[Harmattan|oge ụgụrụ]] na-ebugharị uzuzu Sahara n'elu ala. Uzuzu ahụ na-eme ka ìhè anyanwụ dị nro, si otú a belata okpomọkụ nke ukwuu. Ụzọ ndụ nke mpaghara ahụ maka ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ bụ Ala mmiri nke usoro osimiri Sokoto-Rima, nke jupụtara na ala alluvil bara ọgaranya. Maka ndị ọzọ, ihe ọkụkụ a na-akụ na Sokoto gụnyere ọka, [[Sorghum bicolor|ọka Gini]], [[Mkpụrụ|agwa]] ma eleghị anya bụ ndị kasị baa ụba, na-esote ọka, [[Oskàpà|osikapa]], sesame, ọka ndị ọzọ na akwụkwọ nri dịka: yabasị, tomato, ose, ụgụ, letus, na kabeji.<ref name="sokoto-description"/> Ewezuga ọka, Sokoto bụ isi na-emepụta yabasị na Naijiria, n'ihe gbasara ahịhịa, Sokoto dabara n'ime mpaghara savannah. Nke a bụ ala ahịhịa na-enweghị nnụnụ nke dị mma maka ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ na ịzụ anụmanụ. Mmiri ozuzo na-amalite n'oge ma na-agwụ n'oge na mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ dị n'etiti mm narị ise na mm Otu puku na narị atọ. E nwere oge abụọ dị mkpa na Sokoto, ya bụ mmiri na akọrọ. &nbsp;&nbsp;Oge ọkọchị na-amalite site n'ọnwa Ọktọba, ma na-adịgide ruo ọnwa Eprel n'akụkụ ụfọdụ ma nwee ike ịgbatị ruo ọnwa Mee ma ọ bụ ọnwa Juune n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ. Oge mmiri ozuzo n'aka nke ọzọ na-amalite n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke steeti ahụ na Mee ma na-adịgide ruo ọnwa Septemba, ma ọ bụ ọnwa Ọktoba. Ugụrụ, ikuku kpọrọ nkụ, oyi na uzuzu na-ahụ na steeti ahụ n'etiti ọnwa Nọvemba na Febụwarị. Okpomọkụ dị njọ na steeti ahụ na ọnwa Machị na Eprel. Mana ihu igwe na steeti ahụ na-ajụ oyi mgbe niile n'ụtụtụ ma na-ekpo ọkụ n'ehihie, ma e wezụga n'oge kachasị elu nke bụ ógè ụgụrụ. Ala dị larịị nke dị n'ebe ugwu [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] jupụtara na steeti ahụ. Nnukwu ala a na-agba mmiri nke usoro Osimiri Sokoto-Rima na-ekewa ala dị larịị ma na-enye ala alluvia bara ọgaranya maka ọrụ ugbo dịgasị iche iche na steeti ahụ. E nwekwara ugwu na ugwu ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ gbasasịrị na steeti ahụ dum.   == Ọganihu akụkọ ihe mere eme == {{Weather box|location=Sokoto (1981–2010)|single line=Yes|metric first=Yes|Jan high C=32.1|Feb high C=34.8|Mar high C=38.6|Apr high C=40.6|May high C=39.0|Jun high C=36.2|Jul high C=32.8|Aug high C=31.3|Sep high C=32.8|Oct high C=36.0|Nov high C=36.1|Dec high C=32.9|year high C=|Jan mean C=24.5|Feb mean C=27.1|Mar mean C=31.2|Apr mean C=33.7|May mean C=33.1|Jun mean C=30.9|Jul mean C=28.2|Aug mean C=27.2|Sep mean C=28.0|Oct mean C=29.7|Nov mean C=28.3|Dec mean C=25.3|year mean C=|Jan low C=16.9|Feb low C=19.4|Mar low C=23.8|Apr low C=26.9|May low C=27.3|Jun low C=25.6|Jul low C=23.6|Aug low C=23.1|Sep low C=23.2|Oct low C=23.4|Nov low C=20.5|Dec low C=17.7|year low C=|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=0.0|Feb rain mm=0.1|Mar rain mm=1.5|Apr rain mm=4.8|May rain mm=46.5|Jun rain mm=80.0|Jul rain mm=186.6|Aug rain mm=200.5|Sep rain mm=109.8|Oct rain mm=17.2|Nov rain mm=0.0|Dec rain mm=0.0|year rain mm=|unit rain days=0.2 mm|Jan rain days=0|Feb rain days=0|Mar rain days=0|Apr rain days=1|May rain days=4|Jun rain days=7|Jul rain days=11|Aug rain days=14|Sep rain days=8|Oct rain days=2|Nov rain days=0|Dec rain days=0|year rain days=|Jan humidity=24|Feb humidity=19|Mar humidity=21|Apr humidity=34|May humidity=50|Jun humidity=62|Jul humidity=76|Aug humidity=83|Sep humidity=80|Oct humidity=64|Nov humidity=36|Dec humidity=27|year humidity=|Jan sun=288.3|Feb sun=268.4|Mar sun=275.9|Apr sun=255.0|May sun=272.8|Jun sun=279.0|Jul sun=229.4|Aug sun=186.0|Sep sun=237.0|Oct sun=303.8|Nov sun=300.0|Dec sun=300.7|year sun=|Jand sun=9.3|Febd sun=9.5|Mard sun=8.9|Aprd sun=8.5|Mayd sun=8.8|Jund sun=9.3|Juld sun=7.4|Augd sun=6.0|Sepd sun=7.9|Octd sun=9.8|Novd sun=10.0|Decd sun=9.7|yeard sun=|source 1=[[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name = WMO > {{cite web | url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=2051 | title = World Weather Information Service – Sokoto | publisher= World Meteorological Organization | access-date = 7 July 2016}}</ref>|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1951–1965 and sun, 1952–1961)<ref name = DWD> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_650100_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Sokoto / Nigeria | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = de | access-date = 7 July 2016}}</ref>|date=November 2011}} [[Usòrò:Travels_and_discoveries_in_North_and_Central_Africa._From_the_journal_of_an_expedition_undertaken_under_the_auspices_of_H.B.M.'s_government,_in_the_years_1849-1855_(1859)_(14781116835).jpg|thumb|Ahịa dị na Sokoto, mmalite afọ 1850]] [[Usòrò:West_Africa_in_1897.jpg|thumb|Mpaghara Sokoto, nke e gosipụtara na map afọ 1897]] [[Usòrò:Sokoto_Sultanate.png|thumb|Sokoto Sultanate n'oge ọchịchị nke sultan Ahmadu Rufai]] Shehu Usmanu Dan Fodiyo jiri Sokoto mee ihe n'oge ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1804 dị ka ebe nzukọ ya na Galadima, Vizier nke Yunfa. N'ikpeazụ, nwa ya nwoke [[Muhammed Bello|Muhammad Bello]] jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ebe a na-eme mwakpo maka Dufua n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1806. Bovil tụrụ aro na mpaghara maọbu mpaghara nwere ike ịbụ na a maara dị ka Sokoto na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na asaa. N'echiche akụkọ ihe mere eme, e guzobere Sokoto dị ka ribat ogige ndị agha ma ọ bụ ókèala) n'afọ 1809, mgbe Shehu Usmanu nọ na Sifawa. O mechara bụrụ isi obodo nke kalifatị mgbe Shehu nwụsịrị. N'afọ 1820, Sokoto nọ n'ọganihu ya nke dabara na ike 'ndị ọchịchị' ya kachasị elu n'etiti kalifetị, na-enweta ụtụ kwa afọ site na feud niile tupu ogologo oge nke ọdịda. Onye na-eme nchọpụta Hugh Clapperton nke afọ 1827 nwere mmasị dị ukwuu na ọganihu a na mmetụta ya na obodo ahụ. Clapperton kwuru na ọ dị mkpa maka gburugburu osimiri Sokoto karịa azụmahịa dị anya na akụ na ụba obodo ahụ. Mana ọrụ azụmaahịa na Sokoto dị ugbu a, n'ihi ọnọdụ nsogbu nke mba gbara ya gburugburu. Ka ọ na-erule, oge onye nchọpụta Heinrich Barth rutere n'afọ1853, ndị mmadụ bi na Sokoto ole na ole ma mebie ya nke ukwuu. Barth n'afọ 1857 mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya dị naanị puku iri abụo rue puku iri abụo na abụọ, mana a ka na-enye ahịa ahụ ma na-aga ya, na mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ na-aga nke ọma na mpụga mgbidi ahụ dị egwu karịa Sokoto n'onwe ya. Bovil kọwara Sokoto n'ụzọ ziri ezi dị ka ọnọdụ siri ike, nke nwere ugwu dị elu site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na obere ndagwurugwu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nakwa n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ iji chebe ya pụọ na mwakpo ndị agha ịnyịnya na-atụghị anya ya. Obodo a na-achịkwa ala dị larịị ebe osimiri abụọ, Rima na Sokoto na-ezute, ebe ụzọ si Gobir na ugwu, Kebbi na ndịda na Burmi Zamfara na ọwụwa anyanwụ. Na mbido narị afọ nke iri na iteghete, e kewara obodo ahụ (Sokoto) na ngalaba. Ngalaba ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere Ngalaba Magajin Gari, Ngalaba Waziri, Ngalaba Sarkin Musulmi, Ngalaba Sakin Adar, Ngalaba Magazin Rafi, na Ngalaba Sarkins Zamfara. N'oge a, ogige ndị ahụ dị obere ma nwee mgbidi gbara ya gburugburu, nke gụnyere ụlọ alakụba nke Sultan Bello na Shehu, Obí Sultan na ụlọ ndị ọzọ yana ogige Shehu. N'afọ 1818, a gbatịrị mgbidi ahụ ruo n'ókè nke na o nwere ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndị na-abata ma na-apụ na mgbidi Birni. Ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndị dị otú ahụ bụ Kofar-Kade, Kofar-Cware, Kofar -Rini, Kofar "Dundaye", Kofar-Taramniya, Kofar (Aliyu Jedo), na Kofar-Marke. [[Usòrò:View_of_Sokoto_(1890).jpg|thumb|Ebe a na-ahụ mpụga obodo ahụ (1890) ]] Mpaghara nke Sokoto ugbu a bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ alaeze ukwu na alaeze nke ọdịda anyanwụ Sudan tupu ọchịchị. Ndị a gụnyere alaeze Gobir na Kebbi yana kalifetị a ma ama n'ụwa nke isi obodo ime mmụọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ steeti ahụ. Mgbe ndị Britain meriri kalifatị n'afọ 1903, e mere ka akụkụ ya dị iche iche nwee onwe ha ma sonye na gọọmentị nke Northern Nigeria. N'ihi ya, mpaghara ugwu ahụ nwere akụkụ nke Sokoto caliphate na Kanem-Bornu Empire. Nke a gara n'ihu ruo na Jenụwarị afọ 1967 mgbe e guzobere steeti iji dochie gọọmentị mpaghara site na General [[Yakubu Gowon]]. Sokoto ghọrọ isi ụlọ ọrụ nke steeti ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke e guzobere n'afọ 1967. N'afọ 1976, mgbe e guzobere steeti Niger site na steeti ugwu ọdịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Sokoto nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ ya. Ma na Sokoto, e wepụrụ steeti Kebbi na Zamfara na Sokoto n'afọ 1991 n'afọ 1996 n'otu n'otu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-29|title=History of Sokoto - Official Website of Sokoto State Government|url=https://sokotostate.gov.ng/history-of-sokoto/|accessdate=2023-07-15|language=en-US}}</ref> Obodo ukwu Sokoto abụrụla isi obodo nke gọọmentị dị iche iche kemgbe kalifa Muhammad Bello guzobere ya n'afọ 1809. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Brief History of Sokoto State :: Nigeria Information & Guide|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Sokoto/Brief-History-of-Sokoto-State.html|accessdate=2023-07-15|work=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}</ref> == Ndị mmadụ na ọdịbendị == Steeti Sokoto nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya nke nde mmadụ atọ mara asaa <ref>{{Cite web|author=Yusuf Akinpelu|title=In Sokoto, Taraba, Jigawa, about nine in ten people are poor – NBS|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/392744-in-sokoto-taraba-jigawa-about-nine-in-ten-people-are-poor-nbs.html|accessdate=2023-06-10|work=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2006 nke nwere agbụrụ abụọ, Fulani [[Ndi Haụsa|Ndị Hausa]].<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mayaki|first=A.M|date=2017|title=Retrospective study of equine cases at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/nvj/article/viewFile/164127/153650|journal=Nigeria Vet. Journal|volume=38|pages=208–214}}</ref> &nbsp;Obodo Sokoto bụ isi obodo Sokoto steeti, nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị ihe dị ka nde abụọ na ọkara. &nbsp;Ewezuga ndị Fulani na ndị Hausa, e nwere ndị Zabarmawa na ndị Tuareg pere mpe na mpaghara ókèala gọọmentị. Ìgwè ndị a niile na-asụ Hausa dị ka asụsụ a na-asọpụta. Ndị Fulani na-asụ [[Asụsụ Fula|Fulfulde]]. Ndị Hausa nọ na steeti ahụ bụ Gobirawa, Zamfarawa, Kabawa, Adarawa na Arawa. N'aka nke ọzọ ndị Fulani bụ ndị isi abụọ; obodo Fulani Hausa na ndị Nkịta. Nke mbụ gụnyere ndị Torankawa, ebo Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sullubawa na Zoramawa. Ndị Torankawa bụ klaasị aristokratik kemgbe afọ 1804. Na omenala, steeti ahụ bụ otu. Ndị bi na steeti ahụ bụ ndị okpukpere Alakụba. Ụzọ ejiji ha si amalite bụkwa nke ndị okpukpere Alakụba. A na-eme emume abụọ dị mkpa, Eid-el-Fitri na Eid-el-Kabir na steeti ahụ kwa afọ. Nke mbụ na-egosi njedebe nke ibu ọnụ Ramadan, ebe nke ikpeazụ na-egosi igbu anụ atụrụ iji cheta omume nke onye amụma Islam Ibrahim bụ onye isi ndị Juu [[Abram|Abraham]]. Ịgba mgba ọdịnala Kokawa na ịkụ ọkpọ Dambe bụ egwuregwu abụọ ndị Hausa na-enye obi ụtọ ebe ndị Fulani na Sullubawa na-eji Sharo na Doro eme onwe ha obi ụtọ.  A na-emekarị ndị ọbịa dị mkpa na steeti ahụ na nnukwu ma ọ bụ obere durbar, ihe omume na-agụnye ngagharị nke ịnyịnya na kamel ndị a chọrọ mma nke ukwuu nke ndị ikom na-eyi uwe agha na ọdịnala zuru oke. == Mmetọ == Ndị mmadụ nọ na Sokoto nọ n'ihe ize ndụ siri ike maka nsogbu ahụike siri ike n'ihi uzuzu ikuku, nke nwere ike ịkpata ọnọdụ akpa ume ma mee ka ọnụọgụ ọnwụ dịkwuo elu, ọkachasị site na ihe kpatara obi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Air Quality & Pollen Forecast for Sokoto|url=https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/outdoorsports/airquality/sokoto_nigeria_2322911|accessdate=2023-09-23|work=meteoblue|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-22|title=Sokoto Air Quality Index (AQI) and Nigeria Air Pollution {{!}} IQAir|url=https://www.iqair.com/nigeria/sokoto|accessdate=2023-09-23|work=www.iqair.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Air Quality and Pollen in Sokoto, Nigeria {{!}} Tomorrow.io|url=https://www.tomorrow.io/weather/NG/Sokoto/2158714/health/|accessdate=2023-09-23|work=Tomorrow.io Weather|language=en|archivedate=2023-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007003050/https://www.tomorrow.io/weather/NG/Sokoto/2158714/health/}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ahịa Sokoto]] Ihe karịrị pasent iri asatọ nke ndị bi na Sokoto na-arụ otu ụdị ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ ọzọ. Ha na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ dị ka millet, ọka gini, ọka, osikapa, jinwannu, akpụ, ahuekere agwa wdg maka ndụ ma na-emepụta ọka wit, ogho na akwụkwọ nri maka ego. Ọrụ aka dị n'ógbè ahụ dị ka ịkpụ ihe, ịkpa ákwà, ite ákwà na ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na ndụ akụ na ụba nke ndị Sokoto; n'ihi ya, ebe dị iche iche dị ka Makera, Marina, Takalmawa na Majema ghọrọ ihe dị mkpa. Sokoto bụkwa otu n'ime ebe ndị na-emepụta azụ na mba ahụ. N'ihi ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị mmadụ nọ n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ na-egbu azụ. Sokoto nwere ihe ndị sitere n'okike na ihe ndị dị n'ime ala. Agro jikọtara ụlọ ọrụ na-eji ogho, ahuekere, sọghum, gọm, ọka, osikapa, ọka wit, okpete, akpụ, gọm Arabic na ụtaba dị ka ihe ndị a na-emepụta n'ógbè ahụ. A pụkwara ịrụ ọrụ ugbo buru ibu na steeti ahụ site na iji mmiri ịgba mmiri site na ọdọ mmiri Goronyo, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammakko na Kwakwazo na ndị ọzọ. Ihe onwunwe ndị dị ka kaolin, gypsum, nkume nzu, laterite, red mills, phosphate ma odo ma akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ụrọ ndò, ájá wdg, dị n'ọtụtụ ahịa. Enwere ike iguzobe ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị a na steeti ahụ. Enweghị arụrụ ijiji n'ala ahịhịa na-aba uru ma anụ ọhịa ma anụ ụlọ. Sokoto bụ nke abụọ na mmepụta anụ ụlọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ anụmanụ nke mba ahụ nke karịrị nde asatọ. Ọnụnọ nke ikike akụ na ụba ndị a na-enye ezigbo ohere itinye ego, ọkachasị na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ ugbo dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ntụ ọka, nhazi tomato, refining shuga, akwa, mgbaaka, tanning, tanking azụ, wdg. == Ụgbọ njem == Sokoto enweghị usoro njem ọha na eze. Njem n'ime obodo (mgbe ọ bụghị site na ụkwụ) na-abụkarị site na mopeds nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka otu onye tagzi na mgbe ụfọdụ tricycles na-ebu ndị mmadụ site n'otu ebe gaa na nke ọzọ; nke a na-enye ohere maka ibu ihe karịrị otu onye n'otu oge ka na ọnụahịa dị ọnụ ala dị ka mopeds. Bọs na tagzi anaghị adịkarị, a na-ejikarị ha eme njem n'etiti obodo. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama maka mpaghara ebe ihe na-erughị pacenti abụọ nke ụmụ agbọghọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, e guzobere ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ụmụ nwanyị niile n'obodo Sokoto iji zụọ ụmụ agbọghọ na mmezi ụgbọala. Nke Nana: Girls and Women Empowerment Initiative guzobere, ebe a na-azụ ụmụ nwanyị iri abụo na ise na nkwado nke ndị isi Alakụba.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Jamiu|first=Abiodun|date=12 January 2022|title=Driving change: the all-female garage shifting attitudes in northern Nigeria|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/jan/12/driving-change-the-all-female-garage-shifting-attitudes-in-northern-nigeria|accessdate=21 June 2023}}</ref> kilomita iri n'ebe ndịda Sokoto, e nwere ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba ụwa nwere njikọ mgbe niile na [[Abuja]], [[Kano]] na Legosị.&nbsp; == Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe == {{Weather box|location=Sokoto (1981–2010)|single line=Yes|metric first=Yes|Jan high C=32.1|Feb high C=34.8|Mar high C=38.6|Apr high C=40.6|May high C=39.0|Jun high C=36.2|Jul high C=32.8|Aug high C=31.3|Sep high C=32.8|Oct high C=36.0|Nov high C=36.1|Dec high C=32.9|year high C=|Jan mean C=24.5|Feb mean C=27.1|Mar mean C=31.2|Apr mean C=33.7|May mean C=33.1|Jun mean C=30.9|Jul mean C=28.2|Aug mean C=27.2|Sep mean C=28.0|Oct mean C=29.7|Nov mean C=28.3|Dec mean C=25.3|year mean C=|Jan low C=16.9|Feb low C=19.4|Mar low C=23.8|Apr low C=26.9|May low C=27.3|Jun low C=25.6|Jul low C=23.6|Aug low C=23.1|Sep low C=23.2|Oct low C=23.4|Nov low C=20.5|Dec low C=17.7|year low C=|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=0.0|Feb rain mm=0.1|Mar rain mm=1.5|Apr rain mm=4.8|May rain mm=46.5|Jun rain mm=80.0|Jul rain mm=186.6|Aug rain mm=200.5|Sep rain mm=109.8|Oct rain mm=17.2|Nov rain mm=0.0|Dec rain mm=0.0|year rain mm=|unit rain days=0.2 mm|Jan rain days=0|Feb rain days=0|Mar rain days=0|Apr rain days=1|May rain days=4|Jun rain days=7|Jul rain days=11|Aug rain days=14|Sep rain days=8|Oct rain days=2|Nov rain days=0|Dec rain days=0|year rain days=|Jan humidity=24|Feb humidity=19|Mar humidity=21|Apr humidity=34|May humidity=50|Jun humidity=62|Jul humidity=76|Aug humidity=83|Sep humidity=80|Oct humidity=64|Nov humidity=36|Dec humidity=27|year humidity=|Jan sun=288.3|Feb sun=268.4|Mar sun=275.9|Apr sun=255.0|May sun=272.8|Jun sun=279.0|Jul sun=229.4|Aug sun=186.0|Sep sun=237.0|Oct sun=303.8|Nov sun=300.0|Dec sun=300.7|year sun=|Jand sun=9.3|Febd sun=9.5|Mard sun=8.9|Aprd sun=8.5|Mayd sun=8.8|Jund sun=9.3|Juld sun=7.4|Augd sun=6.0|Sepd sun=7.9|Octd sun=9.8|Novd sun=10.0|Decd sun=9.7|yeard sun=|source 1=[[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name = WMO > {{cite web | url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=2051 | title = World Weather Information Service – Sokoto | publisher= World Meteorological Organization | access-date = 7 July 2016}}</ref>|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1951–1965 and sun, 1952–1961)<ref name = DWD> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_650100_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Sokoto / Nigeria | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = de | access-date = 7 July 2016}}</ref>|date=November 2011}} N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2008, a bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta maka iwu ụlọ ọrụ simenti na Sokoto, a meghere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'afọ 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Release|first=Press|date=2022-01-27|title=Buhari inaugurates BUA's new cement plant in Sokoto|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/508229-buhari-inaugurates-buas-new-cement-plant-in-sokoto.html|accessdate=2022-10-06|work=Premium Times Nigeria|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ime obodo == Obodo mepere emepe nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme na Hausaland. Usoro a malitere mgbe ụfọdụ mpaghara atụmatụ nke Hausaland mepụtara site na Kauyuka ruo Birane. Ma otu n'ime isi ihe si na jihadist pụta bụ ọsọ nke ihe omume a ọ bụghị naanị na Hausaland kamakwa n'ebe niile gọọmentị caliphate metụtara. Obodo ọhụrụ bilitere ma birane ochie banyere n'oge uto a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ, ụfọdụ dị ka ebe ọhụrụ nke ọrụ azụmahịa, ndị ọzọ dị ka isi obodo Emirate na ebe nchịkwa na azụmahịa. Otu n'ime akụkụ nke ime obodo n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke caliphate Sokoto malitere site na nguzobe obodo Sokoto isi ụlọ ọrụ kalifetị. N'oge prejihad, mpaghara dị n'etiti Alaeze Gobir na Kebbi bụ mpaghara a na-akpọkarị "ala ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị". Mana site na ihe ịga nke ọma nke jihad nke Shehu usmau dan Fodiyo (1804-1808) na mmeri nke ndị jihadist na-esote na ndị ọchịchị nke Hausaland, Muhammad Bello wuru obodo Sokoto (isi ụlọ ọrụ nke caliphate).Ọzọkwa, dị ka Abdul-Razaq Shehu kwuru n'akwụkwọ ya ''Sakkwato Birnin Shehu''), Muhammad Bello chepụtara obodo Sokoto na akwụkwọ ọbụna tupu e wuo ya. Bello, nwa Sheikh, so na ndị na-esote nna ya na ndị isi agha. Ọ lụrụ agha kachasị ike na nke kachasị ogologo ma bụrụkwa onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke caliphate Sokoto Birnin Shehu. Obodo Sokoto dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Muhammad Bello si chepụta nwere ihe niile e ji mara obodo ọ bụla nke oge a gụnyere okporo ụzọ, àkwà mmiri, ahịa, ganuwa ebe mgbochi siri ike nke obodo yana ebe nchịkwa na azụmahịa. N'etiti ebe nchịkwa nke Muhammad Bello mere bụ Kanwuri, Binanchi, Galadanci, Alkalanci, Dogarawa na ihe ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, ewezuga ahịa etiti a maara nke ọma dị ka Yardole, ebe azụmahịa ndị ọzọ Muhammad Bello mepụtara gụnyere Makera, Madinka, Marina, Siriddawa, Takalmawa, Runji na Jirgawa. Na mgbakwunye, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ dịghị obodo dị na pre-jihad ma ọ bụ narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke Hausaland nwere ike ịzụlite ghọọ obodo ukwu na-enweghị mgbidi dị irè (ganuwa). E wuru nke a na ọtụtụ ebe siri ike dị ka Kofar Aliyu Jedo, Kofar Dundaye, Kofar Marke, Kofar Rini, Kofar Kware, na Kofar Taramniya, na mmepe a dị mkpa dọtara ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ ịkwaga n'obodo ha n'obodo Sokoto maka ndụ. Site n'ihe a hụrụ n'elu banyere otu kaliph Muhammad Bello si mepụta obodo Sokoto anyị ga-ahụ na Sokoto hụrụ ọtụtụ ndị mbịarambịa nwere mmasị n'ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ, ite wdg. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị a na-etinye aka na azụmahịa nke ịkpụ ihe ma ọ bụ na azụmahịa ndị ọzọ metụtara ya dị ka Makera Assada. E nwere ndị na-eme njem n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Naịjirịa ugbu a na ọbụna na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu ịzụta ihe ndị mebiri emebi dị ka ụgbọala, ụgbọala, gwongworo, ụgbọelu wdg. paịpụ ígwè, na tankị mmanụ iji kụwaa ha ma ree ha maka onye ọ bụla chọrọ itinye ha n'ọrụ ma ọ bụ gbanwee ha ka ha bụrụ ngwaahịa ọzọ. == Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi == === Mgbanwe ihu igwe === N'ihi na Sokoto na obodo ukwu ndị gbara ya gburugburu adịlarị nso na mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ nke na-enwe ọzara, obodo ahụ enweela mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=July 2018|title=Climate Change Manifestations and Impacts in The Sokoto Close-Settled Zone, Northwestern Nigeria|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/196236813.pdf|journal=Akademika|volume=88|issue=2|pages=21–34}}</ref> Nnyocha nke afọ 2018 banyere mmetụta obodo ahụ nwere ike inwe, buru amụma na ọ ga-ebelata mmepụta ugbo, uto osisi na [[ụkọ mmiri]] na mpaghara gbara obodo ahụ gburugburu, na-emetụta nchekwa nri ma na-emepụta ihe ịma aka nchekwa ego.<ref name=":0" /> == Ndị ama ama == * [[Attahiru Bafarawa]] (Gọvanọ nke Sokoto Steeti n'oge gara aga) * Sir [[Ahmadu Bello]] (Sardauna nke Sokoto) * Mohammed Maigari Dingyadi (onye bụbu Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ndị uwe ojii na Naịjirịa) * [[Shehu Shagari]] (onye bụbu onye isi ala nke Federal Mba nke Naijiria) * [[Aminu Waziri Tambuwal|Aminu Tambuwal]] (Onye bụbu onye isi oche nke ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya na onye bụbu Gọvanọ nke Sokoto Steeti) * Senator [[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]] (Gọvanọ nke Sokoto Steeti n'oge gara aga) * Ahmad Aliyu, (Gọvanọ nke Sokoto site n'afọ 2023) * [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] (Sultan nke Sokoto) == Hụkwa == * Caliphate nke Sokoto * Usman dan Fodio * Cement n'Africa * Makera Assada == Edensibia == * Abubakar, S. Aspect of Urban Phenomenon, Sokoto na ime obodo ya, 1950. * Crowder, M. Akụkọ nke Nigeria, London, 1962. * Bovil, E.W. The Golden Trade of the Moors, London,1963. * Johston, H.A.S. ''Alaeze Ukwu Fulani nke Sokoto'', London, 1968. * Balogun, I.A.B. ''Ndụ na Ọrụ nke Uthman Danfodiyo'', Ibadan 1981. * Gọọmentị Steeti Sokoto Dairy 2002, Ministry of Information, Youth, Sports and Culture, Sokoto. * Jibril, Y.H. ''Nkà ihe ọmụma n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta Sokoto'', Benchmark Publishers, Kano Nigeria, 2004. * {{Cite book|title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World|editor=Bosworth, C. Edmund|year=2007|publisher=[[Koninklijke Brill]]|location=Leiden|chapter=Sokoto}} * Mary Wren Bivins Akụkọ na-akọ, na-eme akụkọ ihe mere eme: ụmụ nwanyị, okwu, na Islam na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na Hausaland na Sokoto Caliphate (Portsmouth, NH, Heinemann, 2007) (Social History of Africa). * Tsoho U.H. Uto na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nguzobe Makera Assada na Sokoto Metropolis ruo n'afọ 2007/2008 B.A. oru ngo, Ngalaba Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme, Usmanu Danfodiyo Mahadum Sokoto. * Boyi, U.M. ''Tanziynul Waraqat'', Hausa Translation of Abdullahi ibn Fodiyo work. == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Ama ukwu nor na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Nigerian state capitals]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ie94l6xwlj5lw82gblyv8xatcqce7os Uchenna Charity 0 10015 696847 141825 2026-08-04T20:06:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uchenna Charity Onwuamaegbu''' bụ onye Naịjirịa na akuzi nkụzi STEM ma bụkwa onyeisi ndị otu bọọdu na ahụ maka ịtụ pụta alo na [[Ọ̀hà Ọmambala|Anambra Steeti]], ma bụrụkwazie onye isi oche nke EdufunTechnik '''Uchenna Charity Onwuamaegbu''' bụ onye Naịjirịa na akuzi nkụzi STEM ma bụkwa onyeisi ndị otu bọọdu na ahụ maka ịtụ pụta alo na [[Ọ̀hà Ọmambala|Anambra Steeti]], ma bụrụkwazie onye isi oche nke EdufunTechnik bụ natara Global Gold Award Medal na Teknụzụ World Code na Pitch Challenge, maka ụmụaka umunwanyi na Silicon Valley, [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|USA]] . Ọ bụkwa Mandela Washington Fellow maka ndị ndu ntorobịa Africa a ma ama <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uchenna|url=https://genglobal.org/user/uchenna|language=en|accessdate=2020-11-15|archivedate=2020-11-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113121027/https://genglobal.org/user/uchenna}}</ref> ma zụọ ụmụ ụmụaka ụmụnwanyị puku ise na narị isii na ịrị na ịse n'ime ime obodo dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa na coding, robotics na sayensị, teknụzụ, Injinịa na Mgbakọ na mwepụ, STEM, Mmụta. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Uchenna Charity Onwuamaegbu-Ugwu {{!}} IREX|url=http://www.irex.org/people/uchenna-charity-onwuamaegbu-ugwu|language=en}}</ref> O nwetara nzere bachelọ na Psychology, na Mahadum Nnamdi Azikiwe nke dị na Naịjirịa. O tinyela aka n' ịhụ na ụmụaka ụmụnwanyị nwere nsogbu ọgụgụ isi nke obodo ya nwetara akwukwo a choro ma nweta mmuta nke ga enyere ha aka iweta mgbanwe n’obodo ha. Ọ bụ onye na-aru ọrụ ebere ebe ọ kwara ụzọ inweta agụmakwụkwọ maka umunwanyị nwere nsogbu ọgụgụ isi. Site na nzukọ ya ọ ahazi asọmpi kwa afọ nke na enyefe ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ime ime obodo aka iwulite ihe eji eme ihe na obodo - Ngwa ngwa ngwa nke ngwa ọgụgụ na mmekọrịta ya na Google, ọ nweela ike ịkụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị nkuzi na ndị nne na nna ikike dijitalụ na nchekwa dị mmụta n'ịntanetị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-14|title=Meet Uchenna Onwuamaegbu-Ugwu, Advocate of STEM Education for Young Girls|url=https://techbuild.africa/meet-uchenna-onwuamaegbu-ugwu-advocate-of-stem-education-for-young-girls/|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-11-15|archivedate=2020-11-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116021742/https://techbuild.africa/meet-uchenna-onwuamaegbu-ugwu-advocate-of-stem-education-for-young-girls/}}</ref> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] n9cdi1k077lfu985mmpwvtif6fr923o Uche Kalu 0 10218 696846 152494 2026-08-04T20:03:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Uche Kalu of Enyimba.jpg|thumb|Uche Kalu]] '''Uche Kalu''' onye amụrụ n'abalị̀ iri na isii n'ime ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1986 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.enyimbafc.net/team/playerDetails.php?playerID=5 |title=Enyimba team page |accessdate=2020-11-24 |archivedate=2011-12-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209212552/http://www.enyimbafc.net/team/playerDetails.php?playerID=5 }}</ref> bụ nwaafọ Nigeria n'agba bọọlụ, ọ na-agbara ndị Altyn Asyr FK na Turkmenistan Higher League <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/altyn-asyr-fk/14499/|title=Altyn Asyr FK - Team Info|publisher=GSA|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref> . Ya na onye buburu onye otu Enyimba bụ Henry Uche ma ọ bụ onye otu egwuregwu Naịjirịa bụ midfilda na-agbara mba ụwa nọ India bụ Kalu Uche abụghị nwanne. == Ọrụ == N’afọ 2007, akpọrọ ya  dị ka "ọgba bọọlu kachasị dị mkpa na premịa Liigi Naịjirịa dịka o sonyechere Enyimba site na otu ọkwa nke abụọ bụ Bussdor United FC <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://westafricanfootball.com/2010/10/17/special-report-list-of-scorers-in-the-nigeria-football-league-2009-2010-part-one/|title=SPECIAL REPORT – LIST OF SCORERS IN THE NIGERIA FOOTBALL LEAGUE 2009-2010 (PART ONE)}}</ref> N'afọ ole na ole sochirinụ ọ nọ na-ejikwa mmerụahụ ọ nwere.Ka Mgbalị igafe na otu Botola na Wydad Casablanca na February 2012, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/1656/nigeria/2012/02/18/2913974/striker-uche-kalu-rejoins-enyimba-after-failed-wydad|title=Striker Uche Kalu rejoins Enyimba after failed Wydad transfer - Goal.com}}</ref> ọ laghachiri Enyimba. Ọ gawara otu Turkish nke abụọ bụ Çaykur Rizespor na August 2012, wee nye goolu ma nye aka na nwulite okwe mbụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/news/2012/august/27-uche-kalu-dazzles-on-turkish-debut.html |title=Kalu dazzles on Turkish debut |accessdate=2020-11-24 |archivedate=2016-03-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322072846/http://mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/news/2012/august/27-uche-kalu-dazzles-on-turkish-debut.html }}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2014, Uche Kalu sonyeere Adanaspor ná nkwekọrịta mbinye ego. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriafootball.com/article,3040,Uche-Kalu-loaned-to-Adanaspor|title=Error - /article.xhtml: value of context variable is not an instance of the component bound to the context variable: news. If you are using hot deploy, you may have attempted to hot deploy a session or application-scoped component definition while using an old instance in the session.|author=|date=|work=nigeriafootball.com|accessdate=13 March 2017|archivedate=14 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314062754/http://www.nigeriafootball.com/article,3040,Uche-Kalu-loaned-to-Adanaspor}}</ref> N'ọnwa Jenụwarị 2015, Kalu gàrà nwale na Kazakhstan Premier League wezugaFC Tobol, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Уче Калу прибыл в расположение Тобола|url=http://www.sports.kz/news/uche-kalu-pribyil-v-raspolojenie-tobola|publisher=sports.kz/|accessdate=29 January 2015|language=Russian|date=29 January 2015}}</ref> Ọ binyere aka nkwekọrịta otu afọ na klọb a n'abalị isii n'ime ọnwa February 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Нигерийский кочевник|url=http://www.fc-tobol.kz/rus/news/3173/|publisher=[[FC Tobol]]|accessdate=6 February 2015|language=Russian|date=6 February 2015}}</ref> Kalu laghachiri na Adanaspor na Jenụwarị 2016, wee debanye nkwekọrịta otu afọ na ụmia ise. Na 24 Eprel 2016 Adanaspor wetara ikike isonye na okwe mbụ Turkish ka afọ iri na abụọ gachara. Kalu Uche sonyere gba nnukwu mbọ na akụkọ ọma a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Adanaspor Uche Kalu’yu 1.5 yıllığına renklerine bağladı|url=http://www.adanaspor.com.tr/haberler/adanaspor-uche-kalu-yu-1-5-yilligina-renklerine-bagladi.html|publisher=[[Adanaspor]]|accessdate=8 January 2016|language=Turkish|date=7 January 2016|archivedate=5 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305180009/http://www.adanaspor.com.tr/haberler/adanaspor-uche-kalu-yu-1-5-yilligina-renklerine-bagladi.html}}</ref> Na August 2019, Uche Kalu nke Niger na Kenya Peter Opiyo binyere aka na nkwekọrịta FC Altyn Asyr si Turkmenistan <ref>[https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/uche-kalu/60135/]</ref> . Nke a bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ mbụ si mba ofesi na akụkọ gbasara klọb a na 2019 Ýokary Liga . == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ọ bụ onye otu B Naịjirịa ndị meriri na WAFU Nations Cup 2010 . Nkwudosike ya mere ka onye nchịkwa klọb Naịjitịa bụ Stephen Keshi kpọlite ya na 2012. Ọ gbara okwe mbụ ya na Eagles n'enweghị goolu ọbụla,megide Angola na Jenụwarị 2012. O nyere goolu nke mbụ ya na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ha gbara n'afọ ahụ megide Egypt . == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lcwk3z5ldv46imiodq9nbgy23xenbvv Sthandiwe Kgoroge 0 11072 696835 408314 2026-08-04T15:55:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|residenceSthandiwe Kgoroge]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Usòrò:Aunty played by Sthandiwe Kgoroge.png|thumb|Sthandiwe Kgoroge]] '''Sthandiwe Kgoroge''' (amụrụ '''Sithandiwe Msomi''' ; 4 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=3096|title=TVSA profile}}</ref> bụ onye [[South Africa|omere South Africa]] pụtara na ''Generations'', usoro 5 na 7 nke ''MTV Shuga'', obere usoro ''MTV Shuga ALOnE Together'' na usoro Kgoroge mbụ nke ''Yizo Yizo'' . {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" |- |+Sthandiwe Kgoroge |- | '''Aha ọmụmụ''' | Sithandiwe Msomi |- | '''Ubochi ọmụmụ''' | 1972-2-4 |- | '''Ebe ọmụmụ''' |[Columbus,Ohio.USA) |- | '''Akwukwo mahadum''' | [[University of Natal]] |- | '''Oru''' | Omere |- | '''Di''' |[[Tony Kgoroge]] |- | '''Obodo''' |[[South Africa]] |- |} == Ndụ == Kgoroge biri na Edmonton, [[Kánada|Canada]], malite n'afọ ise ruo iri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afropolitan.co.za/articles/last-word-sthandiwe-kgoroge-6055.html|title=Last word - Sthandiwe Kgoroge|date=2017-07-31|work=www.afropolitan.co.za|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-29|archivedate=2020-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922173146/https://www.afropolitan.co.za/articles/last-word-sthandiwe-kgoroge-6055.html}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Natal, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri. <ref name="tvsa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=3096|title=Sthandiwe Kgoroge {{!}} TVSA|work=www.tvsa.co.za|accessdate=2020-04-29}}</ref> O kwuwo na ya gbasiri mbọ ike na ọdịdị onwe ya, mana emechara chọpụta oji ya ziri ezi. <ref name="times">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-04-10-sthandiwe-kgoroge-our-parents-thought-if-they-told-us-we-were-beautiful-we-would-get-big-headed/|title=Sthandiwe Kgoroge: Our parents thought if they told us we were beautiful we would get big headed|author=Zeeman|first=Kyle|date=10 April 2019|work=TimesLive|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=29 April 2020}}</ref> Ọ pụtara na usoro mbụ nke ''Yizo Yizo'' dị ka Zoe Cele na 1999. A matara ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-akwado kacha mma na usoro ihe nkiri maka ọrụ ma nweta Avanti Award . <ref name="tvsa" /> Ọ gbara ejima na ''Generation''<ref name="times" /> site na 1999 ruo 2005. Ọ pụtara na usoro 5 nke ''MTV Shuga'' dị ka nwanne nne Nomalenga wee laghachi na ọrụ maka obere usoro ''MTV Shuga Alone'', nke gosipụtara nsogbu nke ọrịa COVID-19, na 20 Eprel 2020. <ref name="Akabogu">{{Cite web|title=MTV Shuga and ViacomCBS Africa Respond to COVID-19 with "Alone Together" Online Series|url=https://bhmng.com/mtv-shuga-and-viacomcbs-africa-respond-to-covid-19-with-alone-together-online-series/|author=Akabogu|first=Njideka|date=2020-04-16|work=BHM|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-30}}</ref> N'oge usoro ihe odide ndị a na-akparịta ụka banyere ndụ n'oge mkpọchi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1C7MgNjfc8|title=MTV Shuga: Alone Together {{!}} Episode 7|author=|first=|date=28 April 2020|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=29 April 2020}}</ref> A na-ahazi obere usoro a maka abalị iri isii na ndị na-akwado ya gụnyere "Every Woman Every Child" . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Every Woman Every Child partners with the MTV Staying Alive Foundation to Tackle COVID-19|url=https://www.everywomaneverychild.org/every-woman-every-child-partners-with-the-mtv-staying-alive-foundation-to-tackle-covid-19/|date=2020-04-16|work=Every Woman Every Child|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-30|archivedate=2021-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009232045/https://www.everywomaneverychild.org/every-woman-every-child-partners-with-the-mtv-staying-alive-foundation-to-tackle-covid-19/}}</ref> Usoro a dabere na Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya na Cote D'Ivoire. Ihe nkiri niile bụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'onwe ha, <ref name="Akabogu" /> gụnyere [[Lerato Walaza]], Mamarumo Marokane na [[Mohau Cele]] . == Ndụ nkeonwe == Kgoroge lụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Tony Kgoroge, <ref name="tvsa" /> ma ha nwere ụmụ. Mgbe chere mgbake ụgwọ n'afọ 2018, ọ kwụrụ ka ndị mmadụ leghara ibe Instagram ya na nwunye ya anya, na-ekwu na ha bụ naanị "ụmụ amaala nkịtị". <ref name="debt" /> Ọ na-eche na ọ ga-efunahụ ya n'ihi na ụfọdụ ndị mgbasa ozi anaghị akwụ ya ụgwọ ugboro ugboro. <ref name="debt">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/news/2018-11-06-kgoroge-lands-up-in-court-over-debt/|title=Kgoroge lands up in court over debt|work=SowetanLIVE|language=en-ZA|accessdate=2020-04-29}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}  ''Sthandiwe Kgoroge'' (in English). ''Afropolitan Magazine''. 31 July 2017. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20250710022531/http://mp3-juice.org/ the original] on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020 – via afropolitan.co.za. [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pvjjykyjt5523t2n29wf68ahh1ze1d0 Selly Galley 0 11204 696824 433298 2026-08-04T12:56:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''SellyGalley''', amuru 25 Septemba 1987 dika '''Selorm Galley-Fiawoo''' bu onye na-eme ihe nkiri [[Ghana|Ghana na]] onye na-egosiputa na onyonyo Ọ nọ na Big Brother Africa (oge 8) . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/rapper-vector-big-brother-star-selly-galley-combine-awards-show-host/|title=Rapper, Vector and ex-Big Brother star, Selly Galley to combine as awards show host|date=2017-05-10|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-GB|accessdate=2018-12-20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghafla.com/gh/selly-galley-talks-about-mediocre-movie-producers/|title=Selly Galley Talks About Mediocre Movie Producers|author=Larbi-Amoah|first=Lawrencia|work=Ghafla! Ghana|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405073618/http://www.ghafla.com/gh/selly-galley-talks-about-mediocre-movie-producers/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00024674.html|title=Big Brother Africa - Eviction Fever Grips Housemates|author=|first=|date=2013-05-27|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104030459/https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00024674.html|archivedate=2021-11-04|accessdate=}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Ọ lụrụ Praye Tietia, onye Ghana hip hop. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/92571-i-ready-a-child-selly-galley.html|title=I am now ready to have a child - Selly Galley|author=Abubakari|first=Laila|date=2017-05-04|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2018-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230456/https://yen.com.gh/92571-i-ready-a-child-selly-galley.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Photos-Check-out-the-wedding-gown-of-Selly-Galley-384289|title=Photos: Check out the wedding gown of Selly Galley {{!}} Entertainment 2015-09-27|work=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2018-12-20}}</ref> == Nsidee ==   [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] dyb3ditqvs7sx7xx6v18j4nx4s1s78i Yuko Araki 0 11258 696860 688081 2026-08-04T23:50:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Yuko Araki (新木 優子, Araki Yūko, amụrụ n'abali iri na ise nke ọnwa Desemba 1993 na Tokyo)<ref name="News Post Seven">{{Cite web|url=http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20150615_328633.html|title=新ゼクシィガール新木優子 「広瀬すず級の逸材」との評価も|work=News Post Seven|language=ja|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|date=15 Jun 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> bụ ome ihe nkiri si Japan na ome ejije nlereanya mma nke [[Nkwalite Stardust|Stardust Promotion]] na anọchite anya ya. == Akụkọ ndụ == Araki nwetara ọrụ mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Takakura, Fuminori|url=http://www.talentsearch.jp/column/%E6%96%B0cm%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E5%80%99%E8%A3%9C%E3%81%AB%E6%B5%AE%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%88%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3.html|title=新CMクイーン候補に浮上したフォトジェニック美女☆新木優子|work=Talent Power Ranking|language=ja|publisher=Architect|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=25 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625134722/http://www.talentsearch.jp/column/%E6%96%B0cm%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E5%80%99%E8%A3%9C%E3%81%AB%E6%B5%AE%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%88%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3.html}}</ref> Ọrụ ihe nkiri isi mbụ ya bụ ''Ikari o Nagero'' na Mee 2008. <ref name="News Post Seven"/> Araki ghọrọ Onye atụ pụrụ iche maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ''non-no'' na 2014. <ref name="News Post Seven" /> Ọrụ izizi ihe nkiri telivishọn mbụ ya bụ ihe nkiri Fuji Television drama ''Love Alien'' na 2016. <ref name="Oricon">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2073960/full/|title=『ゼクシィ』CMガール新木優子、連ドラ初主演 『ラブラブエイリアン』実写化|work=Oricon Style|language=ja|publisher=[[Oricon]]|date=24 Jun 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> Nka Araki nwere bụ ịkpọ euphonium na opi . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/newsflash/751647/|language=ja|work=[[Tokyo Sports]]|title=新木優子「幸福の科学」信者判明で波紋　さらなる女優信者も|date=August 31, 2017|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.excite.co.jp/News/entertainment_g/20170904/DailyNews_1351467.html|language=ja|work=[[Excite (web portal)|Excite]] Japan|title=新木優子、"幸福の科学"信者発覚で関係者「以前から発言内容がおかしかった」|date=September 4, 2017|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> Ọ gụpụtara Gabby Gabby na Japanese dub of Toy akụkọ nke anọ . == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Ihe ndetu ! Ref. |- | rowspan="2" | 2008 | ''Ikari o Nagero'' | Neomi | Ọrụ ndu | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://idisk.mac.com/dai_yama/Public/ikari.html|title=東京藝術大学大学院映像研究科紹介ページ|language=ja|publisher=[[Tokyo University of the Arts]]|date=24 May 2008|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | ''Aha Tori'' | Mai Katayama | | |- | 2010 |Confession | | | |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | ''Usotsuki Mii-kun to Kowareta Maa-chan'' | | | |- | ''Shojo-tachi yo'' | | Ihe nkiri anaghị ewepụta | |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 |School Girl Complete Hōsōbu Hen | Futaba Eriguchi | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mdpr.jp/cinema/detail/1270423|title=「Seventeen」モデル、"男子禁制のガールズラブ"に「素をさらけ出した」|language=ja|work=Modelpress|date=August 19, 2013|accessdate=June 28, 2018}}</ref> |- | ''Yurusenai, Aịtaị'' | Mari Hashimoto | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1287541|title=注目の美少女モデル、大反響受けカバーガールに抜擢 その素顔は干物女？ モデルプレスインタビュー|language=ja|work=Modelpress|date=October 11, 2013|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''Kazoku-gokko'' | | Ihe nkiri Omnibus; pụtara na "Hinnyū Club" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eiga.com/news/20150606/2/|title=斎藤工、短編映画で悪人演じ「良い人役の方がCM決まりやすい」|language=ja|publisher=Eiga.com|date=6 Jun 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | ''Kaze no Tayori'' | Kurumi | Ọrụ ndu | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eiga.com/news/20151215/22/|title=新木優子、バースデーサプライズに満面の笑み！初主演映画が仙台でプレミア上映|language=ja|publisher=Eiga.com|date=15 Dec 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2016/01/30/kiji/K20160130011950410.html|title=新ゼクシィガール新木優子　初主演映画で「温かい気持ちになって」|work=Sponichi Annex|language=ja|publisher=[[Sports Nippon]]|date=30 Jan 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''Nakimushi Piero na Kekkonshiki'' | Maki Inaba | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/185030|title=志田未来と竜星涼がW主演、実話をもとにした小説「泣き虫ピエロの結婚式」映画化|work=Eiga Natalie|language=ja|publisher=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|date=26 Apr 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=3 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403080052/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/185030}}</ref> |- |Intern¿ | Haruka Kawakura | Ọrụ ndu | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/190350|title=風間トオルが女子大生に憑依！新木優子主演「インターン！」今秋公開|work=Eiga Natalie|language=ja|publisher=Natalie|date=10 Jun 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=12 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212193102/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/190350}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 |Our Meal for Tomorrow | Koharu Uemura | Ọrụ ndu | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/174297|title=中島裕翔、初の恋愛映画主演！「僕らのごはんは明日で待ってる」ヒロインは新木優子|work=Eiga Natalie|language=ja|publisher=Natalie|date=1 Feb 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=2 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202071737/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/174297}}</ref> |- |EVIl and the Mask | Kaori | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/pp/akutokamen|title=「悪と仮面のルール」玉木宏×新木優子 / 吉沢亮×中村文則インタビュー|language=ja|work=Eiga Natalie|publisher=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|date=January 13, 2018|accessdate=June 28, 2018|archivedate=December 12, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212193102/https://natalie.mu/eiga/pp/akutokamen}}</ref> |- | 2018 | ''Anoko no Toriko'' | Shizuku | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0092753|language=ja|work=Cinema Today|title=「あのコの、トリコ。」実写映画化！吉沢亮×新木優子×杉野遥亮|author=Ichikawa|first=Haruka|date=July 10, 2017|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''100 Nichi Go ni Shinu Wani'' | Senpai (olu) | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2184716/full/|title=アニメ映画『100ワニ』5・28公開 主人公に神木隆之介、中村倫也ら豪華キャスト集結|accessdate=February 17, 2021|work=Oricon}}</ref> |- |} === Ihe nkiri TV === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Netwọk ! Ihe ndetu ! Ref. |- | 2009 | ''Ezigbo akwa'' | | KTV | Nkeji nke asaa | |- | 2012 | ''Dragon Seinendan'' | Yuka | MBS | | |- | 2013 | ''Ọkachamara Kamen Rider'' | Chiaki Shimizu | Ọpụpụ | Isi nke 34 na nke 35 | |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''Nri ụtụtụ nwa agbọghọ'' | Risa Arai | NTV | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2058839/full/|title=トリンドル玲奈"朝食女子"役で連ドラ初主演「精一杯努力します!」|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=9 Sep 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | ''Ụlọ akwụkwọ mkpọrọ'' | Anzu Yokoyama | MBS | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.excite.co.jp/News/entertainment_g/20150905/TokyoPopLine_48074.html|title=中川大志、山崎紘菜、森川葵…個性溢れる若手集結のドラマ「監獄学園」キャスト発表|language=ja|publisher=Excite News|date=5 Sep 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=16 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616231302/https://www.excite.co.jp/News/entertainment_g/20150905/TokyoPopLine_48074.html}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''Ụlọ gị bụ azụmahịa m!'' | Madoka Murata | NTV | | |- | ''Lovehụnanya Alien'' | Sonomi Ishibashi | CX | Ọrụ ndu | <ref name="Oricon"/> |- | rowspan="3" | 2017 | ''Nsogbu: Squad nchekwa pụrụ iche'' | Oyama Rei | KTV | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2085157/full/|title=小栗旬×西島秀俊、新火9ドラマに田中哲司、野間口徹、新木優子ら出演決定|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=28 Jan 2017|accessdate=7 Feb 2017}}</ref> |- | ''Nde Yen Women'' | Hiraki Nanaka | TX | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2087732/full/|title=RAD野田主演ドラマ、女性キャスト発表 道間慎の劇中ビジュアルも公開|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=18 Mar 2017|accessdate=18 Mar 2017}}</ref> |- | ''Koodu Blue Season 3'' | Yokomine Akari | CX | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2091135/full/|title=『コード・ブルー』新キャストに有岡大貴、成田凌、新木優子ら 椎名桔平も継続|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=23 May 2017|accessdate=20 Jun 2017}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''Nsusu ọnụ na-egbu egbu'' | Mikoto Namiki | NTV | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2103162/full/|language=ja|title=山崎賢人、初連ドラ主演作がHulu版オリジナルを毎週配信|work=Oricon News|date=December 28, 2017|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> |- | ''Anyị bụ rọketi!'' | Aoi Fujitani | TBS | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbs.co.jp/cheerdan_tbs/cast/|title=金曜ドラマ『チア☆ダン』|accessdate=June 15, 2018|work=TBS}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" | 2019 | ''Motokare Mania'' | Yurika | CX | Ọrụ ndu | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20190717dog00m200068000c.html|title=新木優子：地上波ドラマ初主演で"恋愛下手女子"に　高良健吾と初共演でラブコメ|accessdate=July 19, 2019|work=Mantan-web}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" | 2020 | ''America bụ Makenakatta Otoko'' | Kazuko Asọ | TX | | |- |} === Ihe nkiri Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Netwọk ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2011 | ''BitWorld'' | NHK E TV | Dị ka Nina |- | 2012 | ''Cho Saigen!'' ''Ihe omimi'' | NTV | As Harumi Miyase [lower-alpha 1] |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 | ''Ihe ngosi ụbọchị egwuregwu J-League'' | Sky PerfectTV! | "J-Youth Lab" navigator |- | ''Sonna Baka na Man'' | Fuji TV | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/owarai/news/131258|language=ja|title=バナナマン×バカリズム特番第3弾が明日放送|work=natalie|date=November 14, 2014|accessdate=June 27, 2018|archivedate=December 12, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212193103/https://natalie.mu/owarai/news/131258}}</ref> |- | 2016 | ''1-ko Dake Yellow'' | NBN | MC |} === Ogbo === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2010 | ''Dropping: by Fure Rareru Izen ni Kieru Jiyū o Motte Iru.'' | |} === Mgbasa ozi === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu ! Ref. |- | 2011 | NTT DoCoMo "Oen Gakuwari" | | |- | 2013 | Calpis "Pruits Parlor" | | |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 | Skylark Gusto | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skylark.co.jp/gusto/autumn_premium/|title=ガストでフォアグラ!|work=Gusto|language=ja|publisher=Skylark|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=13 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913105554/https://www.skylark.co.jp/gusto/autumn_premium/index.html}}</ref> |- | Nissan Dayz | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nissan.co.jp/AP-CONTENTS/POSTOFFICE/ANSWERS/35869.html#b|language=ja|title=Q: デイズ(2013/06～・AA0型) CMについて教えて|publisher=Nissan|accessdate=June 28, 2018}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" | 2015 | Nri ụlọ "Otona no Tongari Cone " | | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Araki, Yuko|date=19 Jan 2015|url=http://ameblo.jp/yuko-araki/entry-11979056045.html|title=＊大人のとんがりコーン｜新木優子オフィシャルブログ Powered by Ameba|language=ja|publisher=CyberAgent|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | Recruit ''Zexy'' | ''Zexy'' ọgbọ nke 8 CM | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2015/05/21/kiji/K20150521010389860.html|title=ゼクシィ８代目ＣＭガールは新木優子 結婚「いつでも大歓迎」|work=Sports Nippon|language=ja|publisher=Sports Nippon|date=21 May 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zexy.net/contents/cm//|title=ゼクシィCMサイト〜プロポーズされたら、ゼクシィ|work=Zexy CM Site|language=ja|date=21 May 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=24 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524021019/https://zexy.net/contents/cm//}}</ref> |- | Kracie Ichi Kami | | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Araki, Yuko|date=21 Mar 2015|url=http://ameblo.jp/yuko-araki/entry-12004403833.html|title=＊お知らせ｜新木優子オフィシャルブログ Powered by Ameba|language=ja|publisher=[[CyberAgent]]|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | au "Ndewo, Ụwa Ọhụrụ." | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000121.000001475.html|title=五感を揺さぶる新体験を、すべての人に。世界の絶景を飛び回る、新体験空間が待っています。Hello, New World. warp cube|language=ja|publisher=KDDI Corporation|date=21 Aug 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | Onye ibe | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2063986/full/|title=向井理が"出世"し、頼りがいある上司に 期待の若手女優・新木優子と共演|work=Oricon Style|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=17 Dec 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | 2016 | Eisai "Chocola BB" | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2071889/full/|title=永作博美、パンサー・尾形貴弘を一刀両断「前に出過ぎ」|work=Oricon Style|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=19 May 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |} === Vidio egwu === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu ! Ref. |- | 2007 | Naotarọ Moriyama "Taiyō no Nihohi" | | |- | 2009 | D-51 "Nwanyị Akwala ákwá" | | |- | 2010 | eluigwe na ala "echoes" | | |- | rowspan="3" | 2011 | Ịhụnanya "Ụbọchị ọzọ: Mataau Hi Mere" | | |- | Yu-A "Gomen ne, Mama" | | |- | suzumoku "Majime na Hito" | | |- | 2013 | Hazzie "maka Gi." | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/music/news/95343|title=ハジ→「超ハジバム。」収録曲決定&「for YOU。」PV公開|work=Natalie|language=ja|date=19 Jul 2013|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=12 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212193106/https://natalie.mu/music/news/95343}}</ref> |- | 2014 | Galileo Galilei "Mrs. Summer" | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musicman-net.com/artist/38857.html|title=Galileo Galilei、新曲「Mrs. Summer」MVに出演のモデル新木優子が可愛いと話題に|work=Musicman-Net|language=ja|date=8 May 2014|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | 2015 | BToB "Mirai (Ashita)" | | |- | 2016 | Ketsumeishi "Bokura no Tame ni. . " | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mdpr.jp/music/detail/1626204|title=新木優子は「確実に"来る"」抜群の透明感＆涙に絶賛続く|work=Modelpress|language=ja|date=20 Oct 2016|accessdate=13 Nov 2016}}</ref> |} === Mgbasa ozi === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2011 | ''Kyoto Kimono Yuzen'' katalọgụ | |} === Ịntanetị === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2009 | OCN Game ''Dennō Yo-ki Magazine OG Ko Mukashibanashi-gō'' Vol. 36 | [lower-alpha 2] |- | 2010 | Choo College Group "My way! My dream!" onye isi | Dị ka Yuna |} === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2014 | ''abụghị mba'' | Ihe nlereanya pụrụiche |} == Ihe ndetu ==   a.Reproduc drama. b. kantō Gravure(OG Studio) == Nrụtụaka ==   == Njikọ mpụga == * {{Commons category-inline|Yuko Araki}} * {{Official website|http://ameblo.jp/yuko-araki|Official blog}} - {{in lang|ja}} * {{Official website|http://www.stardust.co.jp/section3/profile/arakiyuko.html|name=Official agency profile}} - {{in lang|ja}} {{Stardust Promotion}} 8fazc9x9r65uz7vsmo1u9bggrsdmm3o Sho Madjozi 0 12772 696827 644170 2026-08-04T13:43:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif'''&nbsp;(amụrụ 9 Mee 1992), onye amara dị ka '''Sho Madjozi''' ( / ʃ ɒˈmɑː dj ɔːr zɪ / shoh-mah-JOH -zee ), bụ onye South Africa onye na-agụ egwú rap, onye na-agụ egwú, onye na-ede abụ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-ede uri. Madjozi tinyere omenala Tsonga site na egwu ya na onyonyo ọhaneze. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.papermag.com/sho-madjozi-gqom-2633586614.html|title=Meet Sho Madjozi, the Gqom Pop Star Making Pan-African Music|date=3 April 2019|work=Paper|accessdate=30 June 2020}}</ref> Na 2019, akpọrọ Madjozi ka otu n'ime mmadụ iri atọ nke <nowiki><i id="mwGw">Forbes</i></nowiki> Africa nọ ọgọ afọ iri atọ maka ntinye aka ya na mpaghara egwu na ntụrụndụ. <ref name=":03">{{Cite web|author=Mwendera|first=Karen|date=2019-07-01|title=#30Under30: Creatives Category 2019|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/under-30/2019/07/01/30under30-creatives-category-2019/|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Forbes Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == === 1992 ruo 2016: Ndụ mbido na mmalite === A mụrụ Madjozi N'abalị iteghete nke ọnwa Mee afọ 1992 na Shirley Village, Elim, Limpopo, ada Rosemary Phweni na Marc Wegerif bụ onye na-elekọta otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke e mere iji nyere ndị mmadụ aka na nkwupụta ala ha. Nne ya si na Africa ebe nna ya [[Ndi ocha|si Europe]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/5-interesting-facts-about-sho-madjozi/|title=5 Interesting Facts About Sho Madjozi!|work=Peoples Magazine|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2019-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202916/https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/5-interesting-facts-about-sho-madjozi/}}</ref> Mgbe nne na nna ya gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe ọ ka dị obere, ọ bụ nne ya zulitere ya. Majozi nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ sitere n'akụkụ nne ya na nna ya. Dị ka nna ya, Marc Wegerif, na-eme njem mgbe nile na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke kọntinent ahụ, Madjozi nwere ohere iso nna ya mee njem - o soro ya gaa Dar es Salaam, [[Tanzania]], bụ ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka òtù ọrụ ebere bụ Oxfam mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-11-16-00-sho-madjozis-musical-lineage-is-larger-than-large|title=Sho Madjozi's musical lineage is larger than large|work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> O jikwa ụfọdụ oge na-ere uwe n'ahịa ndị dị na [[Senegal]] n'afọ 2016 iji gboo mkpa na ezinụlọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/sho-majozi-i-use-to-sell-clothes-at-a-market-in-senegal-to-make-ends-meet-20180526|title=Sho Majozi: ‘I used to sell clothes at a market in Senegal to make ends meet ’|author=Makgalemele|first=Thembisile|date=26 May 2018|work=Channel 24|accessdate=18 December 2019}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na International School of Tanganyika na Tanzania, e nyere Madjozi akwụkwọ mmụta na Mount Holyoke College na South Hadley, [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] ,&nbsp;US, iji mụọ ihe okike na ọmụmụ Africa . Mgbe ọ nọ na US, ọ malitere ide abụ n'okpuru aha odide nke MayaThePoet. <ref name="bgc">{{Cite web|author=Dee|first=Christa|title=Maya the Poet becomes Sho Madjozi: Tsonga rap and the preservation of home|url=http://www.bubblegumclub.co.za/maya-the-poet-becomes-sho-madjozi-tsonga-rap-and-the-preservation-of-home/|work=Bubble Gum Club|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2017-09-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901175342/http://www.bubblegumclub.co.za/maya-the-poet-becomes-sho-madjozi-tsonga-rap-and-the-preservation-of-home/}}</ref> Abụ ndị ahụ bụ gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, njirimara na agbụrụ. Majozi laghachiri na South Africa, ebe ọ malitere mkpakọrịta n'ịmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum South Africa, Johannesburg, ma meekwa atụmatụ ịde abụ maka ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na mpaghara. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tseliso Monaheng|title=Sho Madjozi is manifesting her pan-African dreams|url=https://www.thefader.com/2018/06/01/sho-madjozi-dumi-hi-phone-south-africa-interview|publisher=The Fader|accessdate=12 March 2019}}</ref> Ọ malitere rap na ide egwu n'okpuru aha ogbo ya "Sho Madjozi". Madjozi ghọrọ onye ama ama ka ya na onye rapper Okmalumkoolkat jikọrọ aka na egwu "Ngiyashisa Bhe" na egwu bụ otu egwu bụ "Gqi". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amdb.co/lyrics/okmalumkoolkat/ngiyashisa-bhe|title=Okmalumkoolkat – Ngiyashisa Bhe! Ft. Sho Madjozi Lyrics & Video|work=AMDb|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2019-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202918/https://amdb.co/lyrics/okmalumkoolkat/ngiyashisa-bhe}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sahiphopmag.co.za/2016/12/new-release-okmalumkoolkat-gqi/okmaluu/|title=New Release: Okmalumkoolkat – Gqi|work=SA Hip Hop Mag}}</ref> === 2017 ruo dị ugbu a: ''Limpopo Champions League'' === N'April 2017, Majozi mere ihe ngosi telivishọn ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe nkiri nke Mzansi Magic drama telenovela ''Isithembiso'' . Ọ gosiputarakwara kaTsakane Mboweni - agwa tinyere aka na ngosipụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụmụ akwụkwọ - maka oge mbido. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/Sunday-Sun/sho-madjozi-gets-tv-role-20170709|title=Sho Jadjozi Gets TV Role!|work=Daily Sun|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2019-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605220345/https://www.dailysun.co.za/Sunday-Sun/sho-madjozi-gets-tv-role-20170709}}</ref> Madjozi wepụtara otu mpụta mbụ ya, "Dumi HiPhone", na-egosi diski jockey duo PS DJz, n'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ nke ọnwa Eprel 2017, nke ọha na eze nabatara nke ọma. Egwu a erughị na ndepụta egwu ikpeazụ na album mpụta mbụ Ọ pụtakwara na DJ Maphorisa ''BlaqBoy Music Presents Gqom Wave'' (2017), ebe egosipụtara ya na egwu "Probleme". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/tracks/n5x9hz|title=Probleme (feat. Sho Madjozi & DJ Hu Nose) – DJ Maphorisa Song|work=BBC}}</ref> N'abalị iteghete nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2018, o wepụtara onye ndu otu "Huku" na ọba mpụta mbụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/sho-madjozi-finally-drops-new-single-huku/|title=Sho Madjozi Finally Drops New Single, Huku|work=Zkhiphani.com}}</ref> N'abalị irí abụọ na asaa nke ọnwa Jun 2018, Trace Urban South Africa kwuputara mmekorita ha na Majozi, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya maka ndị na-eweta ekwentị mbụ TRACE Mobile. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/sho-madjozi-trace-mobile/|title=Watch the Full Trace Mobile & Sho Madjozi partnership launch|work=Zkhipani}}</ref> N'August, Madjozi n'akụkụ onye na-abụ abụ Chris Martin kwupụtara ma kọwaa otú ntinye ọrụ nke Global Citizen Festival : Mandela 100, site na vidiyo YouTube nke Global Citizen tinyere. Mgbe e mesịrị na abalị abụọ nke ọnwa&nbsp;Disemba afọ 2018, Sho Madjozi rụrụ na Global Citizen Festival: Mandela 100, nke [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyonce]] na Jay-Z gbara isiokwu ya. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Hlalethwa|first=Zaza|title=Global Citizen: Preaching the good news according to Madiba|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-04-global-citizen-preaching-the-good-news-according-to-madiba|accessdate=5 December 2018|work=Mail & Guardian|date=4 December 2018}}</ref> ''Limpopo Champions League'', album studio mpụta mbụ nke Madjozi, ka ewepụtara n'abali iri na anọ nke ọnwa Disemba afọ 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sabelo Mkabela|title=Listen to Sho Madjozi's Debut Album ‘Limpopo Champions League’ Featuring Kwesta, pH, Makwa, Ycee and More|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/sho-madjozi-debut-album-listen/|publisher=Okay Africa|accessdate=5 February 2019|date=14 December 2018}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ''Trickshot'' dị mkpirikpi nke nkeji ise akwadokwara ọba ahụ nke ọtụtụ egwu sitere na ọba ahụ mebere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bona.co.za/sho-madjozi-releases-trickshot-film-for-valentines-day/|title=Sho Madjozi releases Trickshot film for Valentine's Day|work=Bona Magazine|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2019-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202927/https://www.bona.co.za/sho-madjozi-releases-trickshot-film-for-valentines-day/}}</ref> N'abalị mbụ nke ọnwa Jun afọ 2019, Majozi nwetara mmeri abụọ na mbipụta nke iri abụọ na ise nke South Africa Music Awards maka onye bịara ọhụrụ nke afọ yana maka album nwanyị kacha mma. Ọ natakwara ndị nhọpụta maka otu: Best Music Video maka "Huku" na maka Best Kwaito, Gqom & AmaPiano Album maka ''Limpopo Champions League'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-06-01-sho-madjozi-makes-her-mark-at-sama25/|title=Sho Madjozi makes her mark at #SAMA25|work=TimesLIVE}}</ref> ma n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ nke ọnwa Jun afọ 2019, Madjozi nwetara nturu ugo BET maka iwu mba ụwa kacha mma na BET Awards 2019 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/bet-awards-2019-sho-madjozi-complete-winners-list/|title=BET Awards 2019: Sho Madjozi wins big, complete winners list|work=The South African}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2019, akwụkwọ akụkọ Forbes kpọrọ Madjozi n'etiti ndị iri atọ n'okpuru ndepụta ihe okike ndepụta ndị ogo afọ irí atọ maka ntinye aka ya na mpaghara ''egwu na ntụrụndụ'', <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|author=Mwendera|first=Karen|date=2019-07-01|title=#30Under30: Creatives Category 2019|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/under-30/2019/07/01/30under30-creatives-category-2019/|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Forbes Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> ndepụta ahụ gosipụtara ihe okike ndị ntorobịa Africa ndị ọzọ dị ka onye egwu Naijiria [[Burna Boy]], onye na-eme ihe nkiri South Africa, TV. na àgwà redio Thando Thabethe, onye Ghana oge a na-eme ihe Joseph Awuah-Darko, nke a makwaara dị ka Okuntakinte na onye nduzi ihe nkiri Kenya, onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na -edepụta ihe nkiri Njue Kevin . <ref>{{Cite web|title=PIC: Boity shows off her Forbes 30 under 30 certificate: "I’m framing this"|url=https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/pic-boity-shows-off-her-forbes-30-under-30-certificate-im-framing-this-20190718|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Drum|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Goldman|first=Lauren|date=28 August 2019|title=Inclusion for all - The women on Forbes Africa 30 Under 30 list|url=https://now.vodacom.co.za/article/the-women-on-forbes-africa-30-under-30-list|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-15|work=Vodacom Now!|language=en}}</ref> N'abali iri na ise nke ọnwa ọgọstụ afọ 2019, Madjozi pụtara ngosipụta egwu zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ COLORS, ebe ọ rụrụ egwu ya akpọrọ " John Cena " nke a na-akpọkarị onye Na enye ya mkpalị mmụọ bụ onye mgba aha ya bụ John Cena . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/celebrities/sho-madjozi-on-colors/|title=Sho Madjozi is the Next Artist on International Platform 'COLORS' – Cosmopolitan|work=Cosmopolitan|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2020-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504063042/https://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/celebrities/sho-madjozi-on-colors/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bona.co.za/watch-sho-madjozis-electric-colors-performance/|title=WATCH: Sho Madjozi's electric COLORS performance|work=Bona Magazine|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2020-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205120500/https://www.bona.co.za/watch-sho-madjozis-electric-colors-performance/}}</ref> Egwu gqom -genre wuru ewu na mpaghara, tumadi na South Africa ka o nwetara ndị nkiri nde abụọ, bụ ihe ịga nke ọma abịa na ngalaba egwu [COLOURS]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-09-03-sho-madjozis-john-cena-hits-two-million-views-on-youtube-in-just-two-weeks/|title=Sho Madjozi's 'John Cena' hits two million views on YouTube in just two weeks|work=TimesLIVE}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama na-eto Madjozi maka abụ ahụ, gụnyere onye na-agụ egwú Missy Elliott, bụ onye gosihachiri vidiyo ya na ibe nzirite ozi Twitter ya, ebe ọkachamara mgba John Cena tinyere Madjozi na akaụntụ Instagram ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-08-19-heres-what-john-cena-thinks-of-sho-madjozi-after-she-named-a-track-after-him/|title=Here's what John Cena thinks of Sho Madjozi after she named a track after him|work=TimesLIVE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/south-african-bet-award-winner-sho-madjozi-impresses-kenyans-with-yet-another-swahili-rap-song/|title=South African BET award winner Sho Madjozi impresses Kenyans with yet another Swahili rap song|work=[[98.4 Capital FM|Capital FM]]|author=Murugi Gichovi|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2022-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116103424/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/south-african-bet-award-winner-sho-madjozi-impresses-kenyans-with-yet-another-swahili-rap-song/}}</ref> O mechara wepụtaegwu a akpọrọ "John Cena" dị ka otu egwu ama ama n'abalị iri abụọ na asaa nke ọnwa Septemba nke afọ 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.702.co.za/articles/362027/sho-madjozi-officially-drops-viral-hit-john-cena-and-shares-inspo-behind-it|title=Sho Madjozi officially drops viral hit 'John Cena' and shares inspo behind it|work=702}}</ref> N'abalị asaa N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, Madjozi pụtara na ''Kelly Clarkson Show'' iji kwuo maka egwu ahụ. Mgbe ọ n'eme ngosi dị ka ọbịa, John Cena si azụ ya bịa nke tụrụ ya n'anya. Vidiyo nke mmeghachi omume ya wee gbasaa, dịka o kwuru na ọ bụ nrọ nke ya izute Cena n'onwe ya. Na emume nke anọ nke Mzansi Kwaito na House Music Awards, ọ meriri ihe nrite Gqom Artist kacha mma. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards (MKHMA) Winner’s announced {{!}} SA Music News Magazine|url=https://www.samusicnews.co.za/entertainment/the-mzansi-kwaito-and-house-music-awards-mkhma-winners-announced/|date=December 5, 2019|work=SA Music News Magazine|accessdate=April 12, 2022|archivedate=March 31, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331114256/https://www.samusicnews.co.za/entertainment/the-mzansi-kwaito-and-house-music-awards-mkhma-winners-announced/}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa nke ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2020, Madjozi wepụtara mixtape mbụ ya akpọrọ What a Life, na-egosipụta ụfọdụ talent obodo ndị sitere na mpaghara obibi ya na Limpopo, gụnyere omume dịka Makhadzi na akụkọ egwu ọdịnala Xitsonga Dr Thomas Chauke . Ngwakọta ahụ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị a ma ama nke Madjozi wepụtara bụ nke o lekwasịrị anya nke ukwuu n'ịkwalite ahịa obodo ya na ịkwalite ndị na-eme ihe na-ewu ewu site na omenala Xitsonga ya, mana ọba ahụ nwere egwu dị otú ahụ nke nwere ike ịbanye n'ahịa mba ụwa na obere gqom bangers na ụda nnwale. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitaltsonga.com/%26page%3Dmedia_news/2020/Madjozi_Unveils_Cover_and_Tracklist_for_What_a_Life_Mixtape|title=Madjozi Unveils Cover and Tracklist for What a Life Mixtape|work=DigitalTsonga.com|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2020-12-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206064113/https://www.digitaltsonga.com/%26page%3Dmedia_news/2020/Madjozi_Unveils_Cover_and_Tracklist_for_What_a_Life_Mixtape}}</ref> == Oyiyi ọha == Majozi na-eji ụdị mbinye aka Tsonga gbasara egwu ya na ụdị ejiji ya. N'ịbụ onye na-anya isi na omenala ya, Tsonga, ọ na-ejikarị ejiji omenala eme egwuregwu. Madjozi na- agbakarị egwu xibelani ebe ọ na-eyi sket a na-akpọ ''tinguvu'' n'úkwù, wee maa jijiji n'úkwù nke na-eme ka a na-ege ntị n'ihe omume ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.w24.co.za/Style/Fashion/Style/sho-madjozi-and-her-unique-style-sum-up-everything-thats-right-about-sa-right-now-20181206|title=Sho Madjozi and her unique style sum up everything that's right about SA right now|work=W24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2018/09/28/sho-madjozi-first-times-video|title=Sho Madjozi on Pitch Black Afro, bringing the Xibelani to the club, and more in First Times video|work=The Fader}}</ref> E wezụga ụdị omenala ya nwere mmetụta, Madjozi na-egosipụta ihe oyiyi mara mma nke nwere ọtụtụ ihe agbakwunyere. Onye edemede na-enweghị atụ Kenny Morifi-Winslow gbakwụnyere, "Echere m na enwere ike ịnyefe ume mgbe akụkụ ọkacha mmasị anyị nke ọha ọha na-aghọ ihe anyị zoro n'onwe anyị ma ọ bụ gbalịa ịgbanwe", na-aja Madjozi mma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thethirdcitizen.com/home/14/9/2017-2|title=Sho Madjozi: Heritage In The Here & Now|work=IIIRD Citizen}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye asụsụ Tsonga, Madjozi na-asụkwa asụsụ Swahili nke ọma. Egwu ya jikọtara asụsụ abụọ tinyere Bekee ma na-amasị ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị. === Ụdị ndozi ntutu isi === "Ntutu isim n'egosipụta ọdịnihu nke Afro. Ajụjụ abụrụ: Gịnị ga ka nwa Nwanyi Afrịka n'etolite etolite ama ama ga-abụ ọ bụrụ na ihe ike nke ino n'okpuru ọchịchị ndị isi ọcha na nkewa agburu? Ntụtụ isim bu ọsịsa ya. A maara Madjozi nke ọma maka ntutu isi ya nke dị ka ụmụ nwanyị Fulani na ndị Tuareg . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/sho-madjozi-rapper-global-100-style-profile-tsonga-south-africa-gqom|title=Tsonga Rapper Sho Madjozi Is the Radical New Poster Child for Pan-African Pride|work=Vogue}}</ref> Ụkpụrụ ndozi isi na-emetụta ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị bụ nke ghọrọ ihe na-emekarị site na afọ ọganihu ya (2016) na South Africa na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. O nwetakwara mkpali site n'otu egwu Boom Shaka ụmụ nwanyị na-abụ abụ, Thembi Seete na onye nwụrụ anwụ bụ Lebo Mathosa, yana kwa onye ọbụ abụ Thandiswa Mazwai 's braids iconic. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.w24.co.za/Style/Beauty/Hairstyles/sho-madjozi-on-all-things-hair-and-braids-20190320|title=Sho Madjozi on all things hair and braids|work=W24}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ememe ihe nrite ! Ihe nrite ! Ọrụ/onye nnata ! Nsonaazụ |- | rowspan="9" | 2019 | rowspan="4" | South African Music Awards | Nwanyị nka nke afọ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sho Madjozi makes her mark at #SAMA25|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-06-01-sho-madjozi-makes-her-mark-at-sama25/|work=TimesLIVE|accessdate=26 June 2019}}</ref> | ''Limpopo Champions League'' | {{Won}} |- | Kachasị mma ọhụrụ | Onwe ya | {{Won}} |- | Vidio egwu kacha mma | ''"'' Huku ''"'' | {{Nom}} |- | Best Kwaito, Gqom ma ọ bụ Amapiano Album | ''Limpopo Champions League''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" | | Kachasị mma ọhụrụ | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | Kachasị mma nwanyị South Africa | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | AFRIMA Vidio nke Afọ | ''"'' Idhom ''"'' |{{Nom}} |- | Ihe nrite BET | Iwu mba ụwa ọhụrụ kacha mma <ref>{{Cite web|title=From the Village to a Superstar: Sho Madjozi Wins BET Award|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/06/24/from-the-village-to-a-superstar-sho-madjozi-wins-bet-award|work=ewn.co.za|accessdate=24 June 2019}}</ref> | Onwe ya | {{Won}} |- | Ihe nrite talent nke Afrika <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africantalentsawards.com/?page_id=2682|title=Best African song of the year – African Talents Awards|language=fr-FR|accessdate=16 December 2019|archivedate=16 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216023002/https://africantalentsawards.com/%3Fpage_id%3D2682/}}</ref> | Abụ Africa kacha mma n'afọ | ''"'' John Cena ''"'' |{{Nom}} |- | 2019 | 4th Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards Winners!|url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/Celebs/full-list-of-mkhma-winners-2019-20191202|first=Sun|author=Reporter|date=December 2, 2019|work=Daily Sun}}</ref> | Best Gqom Artist | Onwe ya |{{Won}} |- | rowspan="3" | 2020 | Ihe nrite BET | Iwu mba ụwa kacha mma | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards | Kpakpando Egwu zuru ụwa ọnụ ọkacha mmasị | rowspan="2" | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | Kpakpando ọkacha mmasị (Africa) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sho Madjozi Wins 'Favorite African Star' at 2020 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/sho-madjozi-wins-favourite-african-star-nickelodean-awards/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=16 June 2021|language=en|date=2020-05-06}}</ref> |{{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | rowspan="2" | 2020 African Entertainment Awards USA | Onye nka nwanyi kacha mma <ref>{{Cite web|work=Music In Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/africa-entertainment-awards-usa-2020-all-winners=|title=Africa Entertainment Awards USA 2020: All the winners|first=Lucy|author=Ilado|date=22 December 2020}}</ref> | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | Hip hop/Rap kacha mma | Onwe ya |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="2" | Ihe nrite egwu South Africa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's The Lowdown On The 2021 South African Music Awards Nominees List|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-2021-south-african-music-awards-nominees-list/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=16 June 2021|language=en|date=2021-05-21}}</ref> | Nwanyị nka nke afọ | rowspan="2" | Gịnị bụ Ndụ |{{Won}} |- | Album egwu ọdịnala kacha mma |{{Won}} |- | MTV Africa Music Award | Iwu ụmụ nwanyị kacha mma <ref>{{Cite web|title=Here Are the 2021 MTV Africa Music Awards Nominees|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mtv-africa-music-awards-2021-nominees-announced/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=16 June 2021|language=en|date=2020-12-11}}</ref> | Onwe ya |{{pending}} |} == Ihe ngosi == === Albọm Studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:8em;" |Aha ! scope="col" style="width:18em;" | Nkọwa Album |- ! scope="row" | ''Limpopo Champions League'' | * E wepụtara: 14 Disemba 2018 * akara: Na-eto eto ma na-amụba * Ụdị: CD, nbudata dijitalụ |} === Ndị dị otu === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:12em;" |Aha ! scope="col" style="width:20em;" | Nkọwa ! Asambodo ! scope="col" style="width: 12em;" | Album |- ! scope="row" | "Dumi HiPhone"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ya na PS DJz)</span> | * E wepụtara: 28 Eprel 2017 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | - |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" | "Huku" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/huku-single/1355620011|title=Huku – Single by Sho Madjozi|publisher=Apple Music|accessdate=8 September 2019|archivedate=18 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018132745/https://music.apple.com/us/album/huku-single/1355620011}}</ref> | * Ewepụtara: 9 Maachị 2018 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | * RiSA : Platinum | rowspan="3" | ''Limpopo Champions League'' |- ! scope="row" | "Wakanda ruo mgbe ebighị ebi" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://africanmuzikmag.com/sho-madjozi-wakanda-forever-ft-ycee/|title=Sho Jadjozi – "Wakanda Forever" FT. YCEE|publisher=African Muzik Magazine|accessdate=8 September 2019|archivedate=24 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924131537/http://africanmuzikmag.com/sho-madjozi-wakanda-forever-ft-ycee/}}</ref> | * E wepụtara: 30 Nọvemba 2018 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | * RiSA: ọla edo <ref name="Tweet1"> * |- ! scope="row" |"Idhom" <ref name=":0" /> | * Ewepụtara: 2 June 2019 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | - |- ! scope="row" | " John Cena " <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/362027/sho-madjozi-officially-drops-viral-hit-john-cena-and-shares-inspo-behind-it|title=Sho Madjozi officially drops viral hit 'John Cena' and shares inspo behind it|work=Cape Talk}}</ref> | * Ewepụtara: 27 Septemba 2019 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | - |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" | "Kona" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/african-music-songs-you-need-to-hear-dec-18/?rebelltitem=2|title=Sho Madjozi 'Kona'|work=OkayAfrica}}</ref> | * Ewepụtara: 16 Disemba 2019 * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | - | ''Limpopo Champions League'' |} === Ndị dị otu anakwalite === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:12em;" |Aha ! scope="col" style="width:20em;" | Nkọwa ! scope="col" style="width:12em;" | Album |- ! scope="row" | "Agwala m ihe m ga-eme" <ref name="Apple1">{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/limpopo-champions-ldownload44846207|title=Limpopo Champions League by Sho Madjozi|work=Apple Music|accessdate=2022-04-12|archivedate=2021-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521053415/https://music.apple.com/us/album/limpopo-champions-ldownload44846207}}</ref> | * Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ | ''Limpopo Champions League'' |} == Ebemsidee == {{Reflist|}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ Nwanyị South Afrika nwéré Uri]] [[Òtù:Ndị Mmadụ si Limpopo]] [[Òtù:Ndị gụsịrị Akwụkwọ na Mahadum South Afrika]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1992]] [[Òtù:Ndị gụsịrị Akwụkwọ na Mount Holyoke]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] meimdrscxtr5r46pgn56lnkxdpqel4x Valerie Lawson 0 14004 696851 595013 2026-08-04T21:00:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Valerie O Lawson''' (Onye a mụrụ n'abali mbụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1991), bụ onye Ghana na-ete uri ịchọ mma ka ihu dị saam nke a maara maka ọrụ ya n'ebe agbamakwụkwọ ma n'ebe azụmahịa.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|author=Weddings|first=BellaNaija|date=2017-02-16|title=BN Bridal Beauty: Ghana's Contours by Valerie Lawson releases Stunning Beauty Campaign for the Christian and Muslim Bride|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/bn-bridal-beauty-ghanas-contours-by-valerie-lawson-cvl-beauty-studios-campaign-for-the-christian-and-muslim-bride/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Ghanaian Beauty Practitioners and Brands Honoured at the Xperience Womanity Awards {{!}} Ibukun Nartey|date=21 July 2019|url=https://ibukunnartey.com/xperience-womanity-awards-ghanaian-honors/|accessdate=2021-09-12|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912185014/https://ibukunnartey.com/xperience-womanity-awards-ghanaian-honors/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-27|title=Ghanaian makeup artist becomes first African beauty influencer to partner M.A.C Cosmetics in the UK|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/ghanaian-makeup-artist-becomes-first-african-beauty-influencer-to-partner-m-a-c-cosmetics-in-the-uk|accessdate=2022-02-10|work=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nduzi nka nke Ghana maka ụlọ ọrụ ịchọ mma nke America, Maybelline New York na onye guzobere akara ahia, Contours By Valerie Lawson .<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Valerie Lawson appointed artistic director of Maybelline Ghana – Glitz Africa Magazine|url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/valerie-lawson-appointed-artistic-director-of-maybelline-ghana/|accessdate=2021-09-12|language=en-US}}</ref> Lawson arụọrala Prime Minister nke Norway, Erna Solberg, Second Lady nke Ghana, Samira Bawumia, H.E. Ms. Anne Sophie-Avé French Ambassador na Ghana, Bozoma Saint John, Mastercard Foundation C.E.O, Reeta Roy, Nicole Ari Parker, na Yolanda Cuba ọrụ ite uri ọchụchọ mma.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-14|title=Valerie Lawson Is Make-Up Artist Of The Year|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/valerie-lawson-is-make-up-artist-of-the-year/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch: Top Ten Celebrity Makeup Artists In Ghana-#AmeyawTVFeatures - Ameyaw Debrah|date=9 April 2019|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/watch-top-ten-celebrity-makeup-artists-in-ghana-ameyawtvfeatures/|accessdate=2021-09-12|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-27|title=Ghanaian becomes first African beauty influencer to partner top UK cosmetics firm|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghanaian-becomes-first-African-beauty-influencer-to-partner-top-UK-cosmetics-firm-1411309|accessdate=2022-02-10|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2022-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210211743/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghanaian-becomes-first-African-beauty-influencer-to-partner-top-UK-cosmetics-firm-1411309}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Valerie Lawson N'abalị mbụ n'onwa August , afọ 1991, na Ghana nye onye isi ndị agha, Rtd Colonel Emmanuel Nii Lante Lawson na Onye na-emepụta uwe Mrs. Joan Lawson. Ọ bụ nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Women's Day: Glamour Exclusive with Valerie Lawson|url=https://www.glamour.co.za/lifestyle/glamour-guides/international-womens-day-glamour-exclusive-with-valerie-lawson-f6d88c12-8cea-4049-b925-f870effa9a2e|accessdate=2022-02-10|work=www.glamour.co.za|language=en}}</ref> Valerie gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị Katọlik, Holy Child Secondary School site n'afọ 2006 ruo afọ 2009 ma n'enwe mmasị Mgbe dum ịme eserese nke ụmụ klas ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-28|title=12 iconic Ghanaian women who went to Holy Child School|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/12-iconic-Ghanaian-women-who-went-to-Holy-Child-School-992302|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> O mechara gaa Mahadum nke Ghana n'afọ 2009 ebe ọ gụrụ Business Administration . == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2014, ọ nwetara ọrụ mbụ ya na Wax print manufacturer, Printex wee malite ọrụ ite uri mma agbamakwụkwọ nye onye nlereanya nọ n'ogbọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=Our Conversation with Accra-based Makeup Artist Valerie Lawson is Worth Reading|url=https://www.bellanaijaweddings.com/bnw12con12ven6cit-valerie-lawson-mzl4wson/|accessdate=2022-02-10|work=BellaNaija Weddings|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ọtụtụ ngalaba ejiji nlereanya Ghana nke gụnyere [[Pistis Ghana]], [[Aisha Ayensu|Christie Brown]], Mina Evans, Charlotte Prive, Nadrey Laurent, Sarah Christian na Hat Box Company na ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi gbasara ejiji na nchịkọta akụkọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=by|date=2013-07-13|title=Fashion Spotlight: Christie Brown Ghana Dure Collection|url=https://www.munaluchibridal.com/fashion-spotlight-christie-brown-ghana-dure-collection/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=Munaluchi Bride|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Afolabi|first=Tosin|title=Ghanaian Fashion Label Mina Evans Presents S/S 2015 Collection {{!}} Glam Africa|url=https://glamafrica.com/ghanaian-fashion-label-mina-evans-presents-ss-2015-collection|accessdate=2021-09-12|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-09-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912185014/https://glamafrica.com/ghanaian-fashion-label-mina-evans-presents-ss-2015-collection}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, Valerie na ụlọ ejiji Pistis Ghana na ụlọ ọrụ Let's Be Seated Limited rụkọrọ ọrụ iji mee mgbasa ozi agbamakwụkwọ maka ndị Kraịst na ndị Alakụba ana-alụ ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ agbamakwụkwọ natara ,tinyere aha onye na-eme atụmatụ agbamakwụkwọ, David Tutera.<ref>{{Cite web|author=B|first=Charlotte|title=My Title|url=https://afroculture.net/wedding-dresses-make-up-valerie-lawson-pistisgh/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=Afroculture.net|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Contours by Valerie Lawson's Bridal Beauty Campaign – LoveweddingsNG|date=23 February 2017|url=https://loveweddingsng.com/2017/02/contours-by-valerie-lawsons-bridal-beauty-campaign/|accessdate=2021-09-12|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kay|date=2018-01-04|title=Pistis Bridal Collection Culture X Creativity.|url=https://www.jozigist.co.za/pistis-bridal-collection-culture-x-creativity/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=Jozi Gist|language=en-US}}</ref> Mgbasa ozi a aghọwo ọrụ kwa afọ ma ana ewepụta ya kwa afọ kemgbe mmalite mbụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Weddings|first=BellaNaija|date=2018-01-01|title=BN Bridal Beauty Exclusive: Contours by Valerie Lawson 2018 Campaign is Perfect for the Modern Ghanaian Bride who loves Culture & Style|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/01/bn-bridal-beauty-exclusive-contours-by-valerie-lawson-2018-campaign/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghanaian Fashion Brand Pistis Presents Its CVL Bridal Campaign; Culture X Creativity - Fashion GHANA|date=3 January 2018|url=https://www.fashionghana.com/site/ghanaian-fashion-brand-pistis-presents-its-cvl-bridal-campaign-culture-x-creativity/|accessdate=2021-09-12|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912185012/https://www.fashionghana.com/site/ghanaian-fashion-brand-pistis-presents-its-cvl-bridal-campaign-culture-x-creativity/}}</ref> === Nhọpụta Maybelline === N'abali asatọ nke ọnwa Machị afọ 2020, a họpụtara Valerie ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi nka nke Maybelline New York ma bụrụ onye mbụ na-ese osise ịchọ mma nke Ghana na-arụ ọrụ onye nduzi nka na Ghana, nyere Maybelline New York.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Esi Coleman – Bra Perucci Africa|url=https://braperucci.africa/author/nancy-coleman/feed/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=braperucci.africa|archivedate=2022-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323193823/https://braperucci.africa/author/nancy-coleman/feed/}}</ref> == Ngalaba ịchọ mma == Ms Lawson n'afọ 2017 kwupụtara mmalite nke azụmahịa ịchọ mma ya, akpọrọ CVL Beauty.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Style|first=BellaNaija|date=2017-06-05|title=BN Beauty: Makeup Looks for the 2017 Prom Queen by CVL Beauty Studio|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/06/makeup-prom-2017-cvl-beauty-studio/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> CVL beauty ewepụtala ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ mara mma na ngwa gụnyere brọsh emepụtara maka ndị ọkachamara na-ese ihe n'ofe Africa na ụmụ nwanyị isi ojii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-08|title=Contours' Valerie Lawson creates beauty editorial for Prom 2017|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/beauty-contours-valerie-lawson-creates-beauty-editorial-for-prom-2017/z551j59|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912190516/https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/beauty-contours-valerie-lawson-creates-beauty-editorial-for-prom-2017/z551j59}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ !Ihe omume !Nrite |'''Nsonaazụ''' |- |2017 |Glitz Africa Style Awards |Makeup Artist of the Year |Won<ref>{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Samira Bawumia Adjudged Style Icon At Glitz Style Awards|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201708/324417.php|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archivedate=2021-09-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912185013/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201708/324417.php}}</ref> |- |2018 |Ghana Makeup Awards |Best Bridal Makeup Artist |Won<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sandra Don-Arthur wins top Ghana Makeup Award - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sandra-don-arthur-wins-top-ghana-makeup-award/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2018 |Glitz Africa Style Awards |Makeup Artist of the Year |Won<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-03|title=Glitz Style Awards 2018: Complete list of winners|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Glitz-Style-Awards-2018-Complete-list-of-winners-681811|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> |- |2019 |Ghana Makeup Awards |Makeup Artist of the Year |Won<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-10|title=Valerie Lawson Leads 2019 Ghana Make-Up Awards Nominations|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/valerie-lawson-leads-2019-ghana-make-up-awards-nominations/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2020 |Beauty Fest Africa<ref>{{Cite web|title=BEAUTY FEST AFRICA 2020: ESTABLISHING SUSTAINABILITY IN THE BUSINESS OF BEAUTY|url=https://iamschick.com/beauty/beauty-fest-africa-2020-establishing-sustainability-in-the-business-of-beauty/|accessdate=2021-09-12|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922215343/https://iamschick.com/beauty/beauty-fest-africa-2020-establishing-sustainability-in-the-business-of-beauty/}}</ref> |Beauty Makeup Artiste of the Year |Won |- |2021 |40 UNDER 40<ref>{{Cite web|title=Xodus Communications opens nominations for 2021 Forty under 40 Awards - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/xodus-communications-opens-nominations-for-2021-forty-under-40-awards/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |Ụdị Mma na Ụzọ Ndụ |Won<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-11|title=Forty Under 40: Full list of 2021 winners - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/forty-under-40-full-list-of-2021-winners/|accessdate=2022-02-10|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2021 |Women Choice Awards |Makeup Artist of the Year |Won<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-23|title=Asaase Radio's Caroline Sampson wins Media Personality of the Year Award at Women's Choice Awards Africa|url=https://asaaseradio.com/asaase-radios-caroline-sampson-wins-media-personality-of-the-year-award-at-womens-choice-awards-africa/|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=Asaase Radio|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2021 Women's Choice Awards Africa Slated For October|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/2021-womens-choice-awards-africa-slated-for-october/|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=dailyguidenetwork.com}}</ref> |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1991]] j1j99wixc9k0mua9jms4vk6hobur9bq Wadsworth Jarrell 0 17767 696853 212794 2026-08-04T21:47:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wadsworth Aikens Jarrell''' (amụrụ na Nọvemba 20, 1929) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe, ónyé na-ese ọkpụkpụ na onye na-ebi akwụkwọ. A mụrụ ya na Albany, Georgia, wee kwaga Chicago, Illinois, ebe ọ gàrà Art Institute of Chicago. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ malitere itinye aka nke ukwuu n'ihe nkiri nka mpaghara ma site na ọrụ mbụ ya ọ nyochara ndụ ọrụ nke ndị Africa America na Chicago ma chọta mmetụta na anya na ụda nke egwu jazz. Na ngwụcha afọ 1960 ọ meghere WJ Studio na Gallery, ebe ya na nwunye ya, Jae, kwadoro ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-eti egwu mpaghara. == Ndụ onwe onye == === Oge ọ malitere === A mụrụ Jarrell na Albany, Georgia, na 1929 na Solomon Marcus na Tabitha Jarrell. A na-akpọ ya aha ónyé na-ede uri Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ isii.<ref name="Oral1" /><ref>Douglas, 1.</ref> Otu afọ mgbè amuchara Jarrell, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara n'ugbo dị hekta iri abụọ na asatọ dị nso na Athens, Georgia, ebe ha na-akụ akwụkwọ nri na ogho.<ref name="Oral1">{{Cite web|author=Julieanna Richardson|year=2001|title=Wadsworth Jarrell recalls growing up on a farm in Oconee County, Georgia|work=HistoryMakers Digital Archive|publisher=The HistoryMakers|url=http://www.idvl.org/thehistorymakers/iCoreClient.html#/&s=6&args=15927|accessdate=April 20, 2010|archivedate=July 14, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714050417/http://www.idvl.org/thehistorymakers/iCoreClient.html#/&s=6&args=15927}}</ref> Nna Jarrell bụ ọkwá nkà na ónyé na-eme oche nke nwere azụmahịa nke ya, Ụlọ Ahịa Ngwongwo S.M. Jarrell.<ref name="D2">Douglas, 2.</ref> Ụmụ nwoke atọ Jarrell rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ, otu n'ime ha na-amụta oche osisi.<ref name="Oral1" /> Ikike nka nke nna ha na nkà nke nne ha dị ka onye na-eme akwa nyere aka n'ịhụnanya ezinụlọ ahụ dum maka nka.<ref name="HistoryMakers2">{{Cite web|author=Julieanna L. Richardson|year=2001|title=The HistoryMakers® Video Oral History Interview with Wadsworth Jarrell|work=Programs|publisher=The HistoryMakers|url=http://www.thehistorymakers.com/programs/dvl/files/Jarrell_Wadsworthf.html|accessdate=April 20, 2010|archivedate=April 11, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411221638/http://www.thehistorymakers.com/programs/dvl/files/Jarrell_Wadsworthf.html}}</ref> Dị ka nwatakịrị, Jarrell gàrà ụlọ akwụkwọ nwere otu ọnụ ụlọ ebe onye nkuzi ya, Jessie Lois Hall, gbara ya ume ịchọpụta akụkụ nka ya.<ref name="Oral5">{{Cite web|author=Julieanna Richardson|year=2001|title=Wadsworth Jarrell talks about his school years in Georgia|work=HistoryMakers Digital Archive|publisher=The HistoryMakers|url=http://www.idvl.org/thehistorymakers/iCoreClient.html#/&s=6&args=15929|accessdate=April 20, 2010|archivedate=July 14, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714050417/http://www.idvl.org/thehistorymakers/iCoreClient.html#/&s=6&args=15929}}</ref><ref name="D2" /> Ọ gàrà ụlọ akwụkwọ Baptist nke onwe ya malite na klas nke asaa tupu ọ gaa Athens High na klas nke iri. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, nkà ya màkà nka pụtara ìhè ka ọ malitere ịmepụta ihe nkiri nke ya, ihe osise maka akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ihe osise iji mee ihe egwuregwu, n'ikpeazụ na-ese ihe osise mmanụ. Dị ka nwa okorobịa nwere mmasị na nka n'oge ngwụcha afọ 1930 na mmalite afọ 1940 ọ mụtara banyéré eserese na ''ihe'' osise site na magazin ndị dị ka Saturday Evening Post na Collier's. N'enweghị ike ịchọpụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe osise na ihe osise, Jarrell chere na "ndị na-ese ihe mechara baa ọgaranya mana ọ bụ ndị na-ese onyinyo na-eme nnukwu ego".<ref>Douglas, 2–3.</ref> === Agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na ndụ ugbu a === N'ịgbalịsi ike ịbanye na Howard, na-enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ, yana nchegbu banyéré ọnụ ọgụgụ mpụ na-arịwanye elu na Washington, ezinụlọ ahụ kpebiri ịkwaga ọzọ na 1977, n'oge a na Athens, Georgia.<ref name="Oral6">{{Cite web|author=Julieanna Richardson|year=2001|title=Wadsworth Jarrell describes his experiences teaching at Howard University and tells why he left|work=HistoryMakers Digital Archive|publisher=The HistoryMakers|url=http://www.idvl.org/thehistorymakers/iCoreClient.html#/&s=6&args=15946|accessdate=April 20, 2010|archivedate=July 14, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714050417/http://www.idvl.org/thehistorymakers/iCoreClient.html#/&s=6&args=15946}}</ref><ref name="D50">Douglas, 50.</ref><ref name="D50" /> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbè ọpụpụ ahụ gasịrị, Jarrell ghọrọ osote prọfesọ na Mahadum Georgia. Ya na nwunye ya malitere ụlọ ọrụ ihe eji egwuri egwu agụmakwụkwọ dị elu nke sitere n'ịhụnanya ụmụ ha nwèrè màkà ihe eji eg egwuri egwu yiri ya mgbe ha bi na Washington, D.C. Ha meghere obere ụlọ ahịa a na-akpọ Tadpole Toys na Hobby Center na Athens màkà nnukwu nnabata.<ref name="D53">Douglas, 53.</ref> Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ahịa na-adịghị mma na Mee 1982, a manyere ha imechi ya. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Jarrell nwetara ọrụ na Mahadum ahụ.<ref name="D64">Douglas, 64.</ref> N'afọ 1988, ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọkwa ya na nkuzi n'ozuzu ya iji lekwasị anya n'ọrụ okike ya.<ref name="HistoryMakers2"/> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1994, ụmụ atọ ahụ toro; ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ gara Art Institute nke Chicago, Wadsworth Jr. ghọkwara onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri. N'afọ ahụ, Jae na nwa ya nwanyị Jennifer kwagara New York iji chọta ebe ha ga-ebi, biri na SoHo, ebe Jarrell sonyeere ha ọnwa ole na ole ka e mesịrị.<ref name="D91">Douglas, 91.</ref> Ugbu a, Jarrell na Jae bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Cleveland, Ohio.<ref name="USFed">{{Cite news|title=Paul R. Jones Lecture Series Continues at University of Alabama with Artist Wadsworth Jarrell|work=U.S. Federal News Service|date=October 7, 2010|id={{ProQuest|756830550}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css" /></ref> == Ọrụ nka == === Chicago === Mgbè ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Art Institute, Jarrell na-ebi ndụ site na ịkwụ ụgwọ ya site na ịgwakọta ihe osise ma kwalite nkà ya na ụlọ ọrụ ya ruo otu afọ. Ọ malitere itinye ọrụ ya na asọmpi, a nabatara ya na Chicago Show na Navy Pier na Union League Show. Jarrell mepụtara ihe osise sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke echiche ndị ọ mụtara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ihe nkírí nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị na Chicago ojii. N'inwe mmasị na ịgba ọsọ ịnyịnya, klọb jazz na ụlọ mmanya, ọ na-ejikarị sketchpad na nyocha ya, mechaa mepụta ihe osise dị ka ''Neon Row'' (1958), ihe nkírí n'okporo ámá, Shamrock Inn (1962), ihe nkiri ''ụlọ'' mmanya, na The Jockeys #1 (1962), site na nleta n'okporong ịnyịnya.<ref name="D7">Douglas, 7.</ref> Isiokwu ndị a ga-apụta ọzọ n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ. Ọrụ mbụ ya na-egosipụta "echiche efu abụọ" ọ mụtara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ: anya na geometric na ihe ndị na-ekpuchi ihe na-alaghachi na ebe na-apụ n'anya na mbara igwe. A na-eji agba egosi mmegharị na nkwụsi ike, ọdịiche a hụrụ na Shamrock Inn na The Jockeys #1, Otú ọ dị, palette Jarrell agbanweela n'ime ngwakọta agba na-egbuke egbuke ma dị ike, mgbé ụfọdụ na-adị iche na ogbugbu ikpeazụ ha. Mmetụta nke post-impressionism pụtara ìhè na ọrụ ndị a mbụ, n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na usoro agụmakwụkwọ nka n'oge ahụ.<ref name="D9">Douglas, 9.</ref> ==== Mmalite nke AFRICOBRA ==== ==== Mmetụta ndị Afrịka ==== [[Usòrò:Senoufo_mask-romanceor.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe mkpuchi nke ndị Senufo mepụtara, nke ga-emetụta ihe osise na ihe ọkpụkpụ Jarrell.]] ==== Ihe ndị na-eme brik na ihe ndị na-enye ụtụ na jazz ==== === Nnakwere === Dr. Stacy Morgan, prọfesọ na ngalaba nke American Studies na Mahadum Alabama, kọwara ọrụ Jarrell dị ka "otu ihe dị ịrịba ama nke nkà dị egwu, nke na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ na nke na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị".<ref name="USFed"/> == Onyinye == * Ihe nrite mbụ, 1988, Atlanta Life Invitational Exhibition, Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art<ref name="D68">Douglas, 68.</ref> * Ihu akwụkwọ, 1985, Akwụkwọ nka * Ịdị mma na ihe osise, 1985, Southern Home Shows Exposition<ref name="D65">Douglas, 65.</ref> * Onyinye, 1974, District of Columbia Commission on the Arts * Onye na-ese ihe na-ebi n'ụlọ, 1974, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọha nke District of Columbia<ref name="D42">Douglas, 42.</ref> === Ihe ngosi ìgwè === * ''AFRI-COBRA'': No Middle Ground. 1992, Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, Illinois. * ''Ihe ngosi nke iri na abụọ nke Atlanta Life Invitational Exhibition''. 1992, Herndon Plaza, Atlanta. * Vital Signs. 1991, Atlanta Contemporary Art Center. * AFRI-COBRA: Afọ Iri Abụọ Mbụ. 1990, Mahadum Florida A&M. * ''Anụ ịnyịnya'' 1990, Kentucky Derby Museum. * Beaches Annual Exhibition. 1989, Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville. * ''Ndị na-ese ihe na Georgia 1988''., 1988 Atlanta Contemporary Art Center. * The Art in Atlanta. 1988, Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art. * ''Birmingham Biennial'' 1987, Birmingham Museum of Art. * ''AFRICOBRA USA'' 1987, Sermac Gallery, Fort-de-France, Martinique. * ''Ot Och'' Na 1986, Malmö konstmuseum. * ''Ndị na-ese ihe na Georgia''. 1985, Georgia Museum of Art. * ''Atlanta na France'' 1985, Chapelle de la Sorbonne. * U.S.A. Volta Del Sud 1985, Palazzo Venezia. * ''Ememe ncheta Soweto''. AFRI-COBRA, 1980, Isi ụlọ ọrụ United Nations. * Directions and Dimensions. 1980, Mississippi Museum of Natural Science. * ''Ndị na-ese ihe na Georgia''. 1980, High Museum of Art. * ''Ndị na-ese ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ''. 1976, Delaware Art Museum. * ''Ntuziaka na Afro-American Art''. 1974, Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art.<ref name="D107">Douglas, 107.</ref> == Hụkwa == * Jae Jarrell * AfriCOBRA == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2guum7vkbn6tqb324h57lzg92qp66kz Weet-Bix 0 18976 696855 450409 2026-08-04T22:13:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696855 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Weetbix Stevage.jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]] '''Weet-Bix''' bụ ọka ọka ụtụtụ ọka wit zuru oke nke ụlọ ọrụ Sanitarium Health Food Company mepụtara ma mepụta na [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na New Zealand. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Usòrò:Weet-bix-_Early_20th_century_Tin.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Weet-bix-_Early_20th_century_Tin.jpg/220px-Weet-bix-_Early_20th_century_Tin.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe mbụ Weet-Bix tin site na 1930s]] Ọ bụ Bennison Osborne mepụtara Weet-Bix na Sydney, Australia n'etiti afọ 1920. Osborne malitere imepụta ngwaahịa dị ụtọ karịa Granose, biskit nke ụlọ ọrụ Sanitarium Health Food Company na-ere n'oge ahụ. N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1926, o tinyere akwụkwọ maka ndebanye aha nke akara ahịa Weet-Bix, aha o chepụtara. Mmepụta malitere na 659 Parramatta Road, Leichhardt, n'okpuru njikwa Osborne na nkwado ego nke Arthur Shannon, onye mepụtara ụlọ ọrụ "Grain Products" iji mepụta ọka.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150415132322/http://eud.adventist.org/news/detail/date/2013/05/15/adventist-excellence-the-sanitarium-health-wellbeing-company/ "The Sanitarium Health & Wellbeing Company"], 15 May 2013, eud.adventist.org</ref> Enyi Osborne bụ Malcolm Ian Macfarlane si New Zealand sonyeere ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ahịa. Ngwaahịa ahụ gara nke ọma nke na n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1928, Shannon rere ikike dị na ngwaahịa ahụ na Australasian Conference Association Limited (Sanitarium Health Food Company, ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka na ụlọ ọrụ nke Seventh-day Adventist Church na Australia). Macfarlane tụrụ aro ka ha zigara ngwaahịa ahụ na New Zealand, ebe ọ gosipụtara ihe ịga nke ọma nke na o siri ike ịnye ahịa ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu site na Australia. Osborne na MacFarlane gara New Zealand ma guzobe ụlọ ọrụ na Auckland na Christchurch. Otú ọ dị, ọzọ, Shannon rere ya na Australasian Conference Association Limited. Osborne na Macfarlane wee bubata ngwaahịa ahụ na South Africa ma site na nkwado ego Shannon, gaa na mba ahụ ma wuo ụlọ ọrụ na Cape Town, na Osborne na-elekọta ahịa. E mesịkwara ree ụlọ ọrụ a, n'oge a na Bokomo. [[Usòrò:Look_at_Me,_Mate,_Eating_Weet-Bix.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Look_at_Me%2C_Mate%2C_Eating_Weet-Bix.jpg/220px-Look_at_Me%2C_Mate%2C_Eating_Weet-Bix.jpg|thumb|Plain Weet-Bix n'ime efere]] Mgbe ha nọ na South Afrika, Osborne na Macfarlane chọrọ inweta nkwado ego zuru oke iji nweta ngwaahịa Osborne. E guzobere otu, Osborne ñụchara ngwaahịa ahụ ma ya na Macfarlane gara England iji guzobe British & African Cereal Company, Ltd., nke ha debanyere aha na [[London]] na 1932, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ onwe onye, na onye nwe ya gosipụtara dị ka Weetabix Limited nke Weetabix Mills, Burton Latimer, Kettering.<ref name="Companies' House">[http://www.companieshouse.gov.uk] Company No. 00267687</ref> A kọwapụtara òkè niile dị na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ nọrọ n'okpuru nchịkwa nke ndị nduzi, nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ Bennison Osborne, Malcolm Ian Macfarlane, Alfred Richard Upton na Arthur Stanley Scrutton.<ref name="Companies' House" /> Maka ebumnuche nke ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ngwaahịa ahụ na nke a na-ere na Australia, New Zealand na South Africa, a kpọrọ ngwaahịa ahụ "Weetabix". Osborne na Macfarlane ghọrọ ndị isi nchịkwa na Osborne na-achịkwa mmepụta na Macfarlan na-achịkọta ahịa. A nyochara ebe maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na Burton Latimer na Northamptonshire ka a họọrọ n'ikpeazụ, n'ihi n'otu akụkụ maka onyinye nke ụlọ ọrụ ntụ ọka a na-ejighị eme ihe site n'aka Maazị George, onye rịọrọ òkè na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ma nye ya oche na bọọdụ ndị nduzi dị ugbu a. N'afọ 1933, Macfarlane hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ iji chụọ ọdịmma azụmahịa ndị ọzọ, na-ahapụ Osborne dị ka naanị onye isi nchịkwa. George mechara bụrụ onyeisi oche nke bọọdụ ahụ. Osborne resịrị ndị nduzi òkè ya na July 1936, n'oge ahụ ka a gbanwere aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ "Weetabix Limited".<ref name="Companies' House"/> Osborne gara n'ihu n'oge ahụ na United States, na-eguzobe ụlọ ọrụ Weetabix na Clinton, [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]]. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ ahụ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma. Weetabix mechara banye n'ahịa US site na [[Kánada|Canada]] site na Clinton, Massachusetts, saịtị nke ụlọ ọrụ US mbụ. [citation needed] == Gluten Free Weet-Bix == N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2014 Sanitarium wepụtara Gluten Free Weet-Bix, nke e ji mkpụrụ sorghum mepụta.<ref name="GlutenFree">[http://www.sanitarium.com.au/about-us/sanitarium-news/2014/gluten-free-week-bix-welcome-back-to-weet-bix ''Introducing Gluten Free Weet-Bix'', www.sanitarium.com.au, July 2014] Retrieved 17 June 2015</ref> Na mbido afọ 2014, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ weghachiri ụlọ ọrụ Weet-Bix nke dị na Perth n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta gluten na-enweghị ego iji mepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ a.<ref name="GlutenFree" /> == Ihe a ma ama == [[Usòrò:WeetBix.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/WeetBix.jpg/220px-WeetBix.jpg|thumb|Weet-Bix e ji mkpụrụ osisi mee]] A na-ahụ Weet-Bix na Australia na New Zealand dị ka ihe oriri mba. Nnyocha n'ịntanetị nke mmadụ 16,000 na afo 2006 gosipụtara ya dị ka akara ahịa kachasị amasị Australia.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/catapult/news/s1749035.htm "Weet-Bix Top Trademark", ABC News, 26 September 2006.]</ref> A na-ere ngwaahịa ahụ na Australia kemgbe afọ 1985 na catchphrase "Aussie Kids are Weet-Bix kids". Dabere na ịga nke ọma ya na Australia, a nabatara okwu yiri nke ahụ ọnwa isii ka e mesịrị na New Zealand: "Kiwi Kids bụ ụmụaka Weet-Bix". [citation needed] == Kaadị Weet-Bix == Sanitarium malitere ịnye kaadị ndị na-anakọta na afo 1942 dị ka ngwaọrụ ahịa na igbe ha nke Weet-Bix na ụfọdụ n'ime ngwaahịa ọka nri ụtụtụ ha ndị ọzọ gụnyere Granose, Bixies, Cerix na mgbe e mesịrị Puffed Wheat, Puffed Rice, Weeta Puffs, Weeta Flakes na Corn Flakes.<ref>Howieson, Paul & Marsden, Alice. (2013). ''Catalogue and card list of Weet-Bix, 1942–2010'', Elizabeth Park, South Australia</ref><ref>The list of products can be found on the reverse of cards including those in the 1942 ''Advance Australia'' and 1962 ''The Young Motorist's Book of Cars'' series.</ref> Sanitarium enyekwara kadị na ngwaahịa ha na New Zealand, mgbe ụfọdụ yiri usoro Australia ma na-elekwasị anya na mbaNew Zealand dịka kaadị 'Stat Attack' nke All Blacks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://weetbix.co.nz/statattack/|title=Stat Attack|accessdate=2022-07-30|archivedate=2022-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808092658/https://weetbix.co.nz/statattack/}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==   * Kaadị Weet-Bix Ndepụta nke kaadị nchịkọta Weet-Bx * Weetabix bụ ụdị UK nke a na-ebupụ ugbu a na mba 80. * Wheat shedded bụ ọka wit ọzọ. * Granola == Ihe odide == <references responsive="1"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.weetbix.com.au/ Weet-Bix Australia] * [http://www.weetbix.co.nz/ Weet-Bix New Zealand] * [http://www.bokomocereals.co.za/products/cereals/brand/weet-bix/ Weet-Bix South Africa] 5f6mh0kjgj019jc9fjz0glm3dwn3ztu Sukuma wiki 0 18985 696836 89029 2026-08-04T16:04:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Collard-Greens-Bundle.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Collard-Greens-Bundle.jpg/220px-Collard-Greens-Bundle.jpg|thumb|Akara sukuma (ihe ọkụkụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ)]] Sukuma '''wiki''' bụ nri ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka nke e ji akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ mee, nke a mara dị ka sukuma, nke e ji yabasị na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ sie.<ref name="Hobbs 2017">{{Cite news|author=Hobbs|first=Jane-Anne|title=15 of Africa's favorite dishes|url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/africa-food-dishes/index.html|accessdate=18 December 2018|work=[[CNN Travel]]|date=12 July 2017|language=en}}</ref> A na-ejikarị ya na [[ugali]] (nke e ji ntụ ọka mee) eri ya ma rie ya.<ref name="Hobbs 2017" /> Na [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke East Africa, a na akpọkarị colewort aha Swahili ha, ''sukuma'', a na'akpọkarị ha collard greens. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na-ezighị ezi maka kale. Nsụgharị nkịtị nke ahịrịokwu 'sukuma wiki' bụ "ịkpali izu" ma ọ bụ "ịgbatị izu". Ọ bụ akwụkwọ nri nke dị ọnụ ala ma dị n'afọ niile na mpaghara a. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke nri a na-eri na mpaghara a tinyere [[Ugali]] ma ọ bụ [[Ugali|Sima]]. == Nkọwa == Aha otu cultivar aha ''Acephala'' ("na-enweghị isi" na Grik) na-ezo aka n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụdị B. oleracea a enweghị isi akwụkwọ (nke a na-ejikọta ọnụ "isi") dị ka cabbage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.floridata.com/ref/b/bras_ole_kale.cfm|title=Brassica oleracea var. acephala|publisher=Floridata|date=2007-02-06|accessdate=2012-07-26}}</ref> Osisi a na-adịru afọ abụọ ebe oyi na-eme n'oge oyi, na-adịkwa afọ niile ọbụna n'ógbè ndị oyi na-atụ. Ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta dị mma na nnu. Ọ nwere ogwe kwụ ọtọ, na-etolite ruo mita abụọ n'ogologo. Osisi ahụ yiri nnọọ ma nwee njikọ chiri anya na kale. Nkwadebe ahụ dị iche na nkwadebe ọdịnala nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na United States. == Ịkọ ugbo na ichekwa == A na-akụ osisi ahụ maka azụmahịa maka akwụkwọ ya dị arọ, nke na-egbu egbu, nke a na-eri eri. Ha dị n'afọ niile, mana ha na-atọ ụtọ ma na-edozi ahụ n'ọnwa oyi, mgbe oyi mbụ gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdispatch.com/opinions/article.asp?aid=17916|title=Birney Imes: Amazing collards - The Dispatch|publisher=Cdispatch.com|date=2012-07-21|accessdate=2012-07-26|archivedate=2018-10-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016114643/http://www.cdispatch.com/opinions/article.asp?aid=17916}}</ref> Maka ọdịdị kachasị mma, a ga-ahọrọ akwụkwọ tupu ha eruo oke, ebe akwụkwọ ga-adị arọ ma sie ya n'ụzọ dị iche na akwụkwọ ọhụrụ. Afọ agaghị emetụta ụtọ. Nri na ọdịdị na-adabere na cultivar; couve-manteiga na couve tronchuda nwere ekele karịsịa na obodo [[Brazil]] na [[Portugal]]. == Ojiji e ji esi nri == A na-eri wiki Sukuma kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 2,000, na ihe akaebe na-egosi na ndị Gris oge ochie zụlitere ụdị dị iche iche nke colewort na kale.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/archives/parsons/publications/vegetabletravelers/kale.html|title=Greeks and Romans Grew Kale and Colewort s &#124; Archives &#124; Aggie Horticulture|publisher=Aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu|date=|accessdate=2012-07-26}}</ref> Na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzania]] na [[Kenya]] (East Africa), colewort a pịrị apị bụ isi ihe na-eso nri a ma ama a maara dị ka [[ugali]] (nke a na-akpọkwa sima, cal cal ma ọ bụ posho mgbe ụfọdụ), achịcha ọka. Sukuma wiki na-ejikarị mmanụ eme ihe ruo mgbe ọ dị nro, jiri yabasị mee ka ọ dị ụtọ ma jiri nnu mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-esote ma ọ bụ dị ka nri dị n'akụkụ na anụ kachasị amasị (azụ̀, ọkụkọ, anụ ehi, anụ ezì). Enwere ike ịchịkwa akwụkwọ wiki sukuma ọhụrụ ruo ụbọchị 10 ma ọ bụrụ na etinye ya na friji karịa oyi (1 °C) na oke mmiri (> 95%). N'ime friji ụlọ, enwere ike ịchekwa colewort ọhụrụ maka ihe dị ka ụbọchị atọ. Ozugbo esichara ha, enwere ike itinye ha na friji ma chekwa ha ogologo oge. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} 65z2y7wl6b833yxny7n15li6xsqc89e AKA (rapper) 0 19187 696874 539847 2026-08-05T07:45:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=AKA|image=Aka.jpg|caption=AKA in 2018|birth_name=Kiernan Jarryd Forbes|birth_date={{birth date and age|1988|1|28|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Cape Town]], [[Western Cape]], South Africa|alias={{Plainlist| * AKA * SupaMega * Bhovamania }}|education=[[St John's College, Johannesburg]]|occupation={{hlist| Rapper|songwriter }}|awards=[[AKA (rapper)#Awards and nominations|Full list]]|children=Kairo Owethu Forbes|partner={{hlist|[[Bonang Matheba]] (2015{{endash}}2017)<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 June 2018|title=AKA and Bonang – why it's never a good look to trash your exes and the lesson we can learn from it|url=https://www.news24.com/amp/w24/selfcare/love/dating/aka-and-bonang-why-its-never-a-good-look-to-trash-your-exes-and-the-lesson-we-can-learn-from-it-20180601|url-status=live|access-date=20 October 2021|website=[[News24 (website)|News24]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020032734/https://www.news24.com/amp/w24/selfcare/love/dating/aka-and-bonang-why-its-never-a-good-look-to-trash-your-exes-and-the-lesson-we-can-learn-from-it-20180601 |archive-date=20 October 2021 }}</ref>|[[DJ Zinhle]] (2014{{endash}}2015; 2018{{endash}}2020)|{{marriage|Anele Tembe|3=2021|end=died}}}} Nadia Nakai(Current)|module={{infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]] | instrument = Vocals | years_active = 2002{{ndash}}2023 | label = {{flatlist| * Vth Season * Beam Group (former)<ref>{{cite web |last1=KEKANA |first1=CHRIZELDA |title=AKA's Beam Group is shutting down! |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-10-01-akas-beam-group-is-shutting-down/ |website=TimesLIVE |publisher=TSHISALIVE |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>|[[Sony Music]] Africa}} [[List of Sony Music labels#Other Sony Music national companies|Sony Music Africa]] | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[DJ Tira]]|[[JR (rapper)|JR]]|[[Emtee]]|[[Da L.E.S]]|[[Anatii]]|[[K.O]]|[[Riky Rick]]|[[Tweezy]]|[[Yanga Chief]]|[[Kiddominant]]}} | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} or {{Official URL}} --> }}}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Kiernan Jarryd Forbes''' ( bu onye amụrụ n'abalị 28 Jenụwarị 1988 - 10 Febụwarị 2023), nke a maara dịka '''AKA''', bụ onye na-eti egwu na South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AKA Biography – The Rapper's Age, Real Name and Life Story|url=https://buzzsouthafrica.com/aka/|work=Buzz South Africa|date=24 September 2020|first=Eddy|author=Valerii}}</ref> A mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na Cape Town, Forbes nwetara ihe dị mkpa mgbe ọ wepụtara egwu ya "Victory Lap" nke e wepụtara site na abọm studio mbụ ya, Altar Ego (2011). Forbes gara n'ihu na ihe ịga nke ọma ya site n'ịtọhapụ abọm studio nke gụnyere Levels (2014), Touch My Blood (2018), Bhovamania (2020) na abọm mmekorita, Be Careful What You Wish For n'akụkụ Anatii (2017). N'ọnwa nke anọ n' afọ 2020, Forbes na vodka ''Cruz'' wepụtara ihe ọṅụṅụ na-atọ ụtọ mmiri na mbido ya na karama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guce.huffingtonpost.co.uk/consent?brandType=EU&lang=en-gb&done=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ehuffingtonpost%2Eco%2Euk%2F2018%2F04%2F06%2Faka%2Dlaunches%2Dsignature%2Dcruz%2Dvodka%5Fa%5F23404474%2F&gcrumb=jcsPuvw=|title=AKA Launches Signature Cruz Vodka|work=HuffPost}}</ref> N'otu ọnwa ahụ, e gosipụtara Forbes dịka onye ọbịa pụrụ iche na ihe omume WWE Live nke emere na Johannesburg na Cape Town.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/life/watch-aka-takes-bars-into-wrestling-ring|title=WATCH: AKA takes bars into wrestling ring|work=eNCA|accessdate=2022-08-26|archivedate=2023-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211194632/https://www.enca.com/life/watch-aka-takes-bars-into-wrestling-ring}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri maka Comedy Central Roast pụrụ iche. == Ndụ na ọrụ == === 1988 ruo 2013: Mbido ndụ, mmalite na Alter Ego === N'afọ 2002, Forbes na ndị enyi ya abụọ Vice Versa na Greyhound, guzobere otu hip hop a na-akpọ Entity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/whats-on/joburg/hip-hop-entity-making-waves-933921|title=Hip-hop Entity making waves|work=IOL}}</ref> Ndị otu ahụ nwetara onye a họpụtara na KORA Awards maka ụdị Hip Hop kacha mma nke Africa. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbasara na 2006, na-eduga Forbes ịga gụọ injinia ụda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/MoveMag/Archive/flashbackfriday-entity-aka-20170728|title=#FlashBackFriday: Entity (AKA)|work=News24}}</ref> N'afọ 2006, Forbes guzobere otu mmepụta The I.V League n'akụkụ ndị otu abụọ ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/pro-aka-iv-league-south-african-hip-hop/|title=The Story of How Pro Gave AKA & IV League Their Biggest Break|work=OkayAfrica|date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Njikọ I.V mere mmepụta maka ndị na-ese ihe gụnyere Khuli Chana, ProKid na JR. N'afọ 2009, o wepụtara egwu atọ, nke gụnyere "In My Walk", "I Do" na "Mistakes". N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2010, Forbes wepụtara egwu akpọrọ "I Want It All", nke bụ egwu mbụ ya, Altar Ego.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://livemag.co.za/a-k-a-alter-ego/|title=A.K.A – Alter Ego|work=Livemag}}</ref> Abọm ahụ weputara egwu abụọ nke bụ "All I Know" na "Victory Lap". "Victory Lap" bụ ihe ịga nke ọma ka ọ nọ n'elu chaatị redio mpaghara South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/MoveMag/Archive/akas-victory-lap-20170728|title=AKA's "Victory Lap"|work=News24}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ Alter Ego na 23 Ọgọst 2011. RiSA nyere abọm ahụ akara ọla edo maka ihe ịga nke ọma azụmahịa ya. Abọm ahụ meriri ọtụtụ otuto-karịsịa maka 2011 Metro FM Awards na-emeri maka Best Hip Hop Album, na 2012 South African Music Awards maka Best Male Artist of the Year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2011-11-27-newcomers-dominate-at-metro-awards/|title=Newcomers dominate at Metro awards|work=TimesLIVE}}</ref> === 2014-2017: Levels na Be Careful What You Wish For === Forbes wepụtara abọm nke abụọ ya, Levels na 30 June 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://livemag.co.za/aka-levels-albums-review/|title=AKA – Levels album review|work=Livemag}}</ref> Abọm ahụ nwere nkwado anọ: "Jealousy", "Kontrol" (nke Da L.E.S gosipụtara), "Congratulate" na "Run Jozi (Godly)" nke gosipụtara KO na Yanga. A kwadoro platinum nke abọm ahụ maka afọ 2014, na platinum abụọ maka afọ 2018 site na RiSA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/akas-levels-album-goes-platinum/|title=AKA's LEVELS album goes Platinum|work=People|accessdate=2022-08-26|archivedate=2018-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713172909/https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/akas-levels-album-goes-platinum/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecr.co.za/coca-cola-top-40/akas-levels-reaches-double-platinum-status/|title=AKA celebrates reaching the top position on SA radio charts|work=East Coast Radio}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2016, Forbes wepụtara egwu "The World is Yours" site na abọm nke atọ ya n'ọdịnihu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mphuthi|first=Pearl|title=AKA's The World Is Yours|url=https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/akas-the-world-is-yours/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501003835/http://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/akas-the-world-is-yours|archivedate=1 May 2017|work=People|accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref> Site na igbu oge maka ntọhapụ ya, Forbes sonyeere onye na-arụkọ ọrụ Anatii n'ịdepụta abọm mmekorita, Be Careful What You Wish For. A tọhapụrụ Be Careful What You Wish For na 28 Julaị 2017, na nzaghachi dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecr.co.za/coca-cola-top-40/aka-and-anatii-drop-be-careful-what-you-wish-album/|title=AKA and Anatii drop 'Be Careful What You Wish For' album|work=East Coast Radio}}</ref> Ọ kwadoro site na egwu atọ: "10 Fingers", "Don't Forget To Pray" na "Holy Mountain". === 2018 ruo 2019: ''Touch My Blood'' === Site na ntọhapụ nke "The World is Yours" na 2016, Forbes weputara egwu gụnyere "Caiphus Song", "Star Signs" (nke gosipụtara Stogie T) na "Sweet Fire" na ịkwado ntọhapụ nke abọm ya nke atọ, Touch My Blood . Banyere ihu ihu nke abọm ahụ, Forbes gara Twitter na-ekwupụta esemokwu maka ndị na-ese ihe osise na-emepụta ihe osise maka abọm ya, na-eji onyinyo ihu ya doro anya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/aka-announces-winner-of-touch-my-blood-challenge-reveals-album-covers/|title=AKA announces winner of Touch My Blood challenge, reveals album covers|work=Political Analysis|date=9 May 2018|accessdate=26 August 2022|archivedate=23 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423100301/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/aka-announces-winner-of-touch-my-blood-challenge-reveals-album-covers/}}</ref> Ka e zigara ọtụtụ ntinye, Forbes họọrọ onye mmeri aha ya bụ Taonga, onye natara ọzụzụ na Beam Group. Tupu ụbọchị iri na ise a tọhapụrụ ya, ọ wepụtara egwu "Beyonce" nke na-ese okwu nke bụ abụ na-eleda anya nke a raara nye onye mmekọ ya n'oge gara aga bụ [[Bonang Matheba]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-06-01-aka-drops-major-files-on-beyonce--the-internet-is-a-mess/|title=AKA drops major files on #Beyonce & the internet is a mess|work=TimesLIVE}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ Touch My Blood na 15 June 2018 ka a ga-ewepụta ya na 25 May 2018 mana ọ na-egbu oge maka iwepụta oge n'ịmepụta nkwalite ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AKA postpones Touch My Blood album release to 15 June 2018|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/aka-postpones-touch-my-blood-album-release-to-15-june-2018/|work=Political Analysis South Africa|date=10 May 2018|accessdate=16 June 2018|archivedate=21 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421195302/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/aka-postpones-touch-my-blood-album-release-to-15-june-2018/}}</ref> A kwadoro abọm ahụ platinum ma mesịa bụrụ platinum abụọ site na RiSA ka ọ dị na 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/News/Entertainment/akas-album-goes-double-platinum-20190515|title=AKA'S ALBUM GOES DOUBLE PLATINUM|work=Daily Sun}}</ref> Touch My Blood nke isii "Fela in Versace" nke gosipụtara Kiddominant nwetara [[KDDO|ihe]] ịga nke ọma azụmahịa dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ. Abọm ahụ gosipụtara ndị ọbịa si n'aka ndị na-ese ihe na South Africa gụnyere L-Tido, JR, Yanga Chief, Stogie T, Kwesta & Okmalumkoolkat, yana naanị onye na-ese egwu na onye na-emepụta ihe na Naijiria Kiddominant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/aka-celebrates-reaching-the-top-position-on-sa-radio-charts/|title=AKA celebrates reaching the top position on SA radio charts|work=Political Analysis|date=7 August 2018|accessdate=26 August 2022|archivedate=22 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422185822/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/aka-celebrates-reaching-the-top-position-on-sa-radio-charts/}}</ref> N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, e gosipụtara Forbes na ihe omume WWE na Cape Town na Johannesburg, South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-04-23-watch--aka-owns-the-wwe-ring-with-his-spicy-raps/|title=WATCH {{!}} AKA owns the WWE ring with his spicy raps|work=TimesLIVE}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2019, ọ bụ onye a na-eme ihe nkiri na Comedy Central ''SA'' kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.joburg.co.za/comedy-central-roast-aka/|title=The 2018 Comedy Central Roast of AKA|work=Joburg|date=8 January 2019|accessdate=26 August 2022|archivedate=26 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826155222/https://joburg.co.za/comedy-central-roast-aka/}}</ref> === 2020 ruo ugbu a: ''Bhovamania'' === N'abalị nke 6 Nọvemba 2021, a tọhapụrụ AKA's Extended Play ''Bhovamania''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Listen to AKA's New EP 'Bhovamania' Featuring Sho Madjozi, Flvme, K.O, Grandmaster Ready D and More – OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-to-akas-new-ep-bhovamania-featuring-sho-madjozi-flvme-ko-grandmaster-ready-d-and-more/295860|accessdate=6 November 2020|work=OkayAfrica}}</ref> EP ahụ nwetara nkwado anọ: "Energy", "Python", "Monuments" na "Cross My Heart". Na emume 10 nke South African Hip Hop Awards, ọ natara nhọpụta maka Artist of the Decade.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full list of 2021 SA Hip Hop Awards nominees {{!}} Fakaza News|url=https://fakazanews.com/2021/11/02/full-list-of-2021-sa-hip-hop-awards-nominees/|author=Bukola|date=2 November 2021|publisher=Fakaza News|accessdate=2 November 2021}}</ref> == Ndụ Ya == Forbes malitere ịkpa onye na-emepụta DJ Zinhle na ngwụcha afọ 2014. Mgbe ọ natara ọtụtụ onyinye Hip Hop Awards nke South Africa, Zinhle gosipụtara mmekọrịta ha site na tweet "Ekele nye onye mmeri m".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://okmzansi.co.za/rapper-aka-and-dj-zinhle-finally-make-their-relationship-official/|title=Rapper AKA and Dj Zinhle Finally Make Their Relationship Official|work=OkMzansi|date=18 December 2014}}</ref> Di na nwunye ahụ nwere nwa nwanyị aha ya bụ Kairo Olwethu Forbes, amụrụ na 8 Julaị 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/You/Archive/8-times-birthday-girl-kairo-was-the-most-adorable-celeb-tot-ever-20170728|title=8 times birthday girl Kairo was the most adorable celeb tot ever|work=News24}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2015, Forbes na Zinhle kewara mgbe ekpughere na Forbes kwuru na ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri telivishọn bụ [[Bonang Matheba]] ghọgburu Zinhle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/the-year-that-was-for-aka-zinhle-and-bonang-20151228|title=The year that was for AKA, Zinhle and Bonang|work=Channel24}}</ref> Ka Forbes na Matheba gọnahụrụ ebubo ahụ, ha kwupụtara ka ha kpughere mmekọrịta ha na 2016. Forbes na Matheba kewara na Disemba 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/entertainment-celebrities/1802687/aka-finally-speaks-out-on-bonang-split/|title=AKA finally speaks out on Bonang split|work=The Citizen|date=February 2018}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, Forbes na Zinhle laghachiri na ngwụcha afọ 2018, ọ bụ ezie na ka e mesịrị na 2019 ha kewara ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/News/Entertainment/aka-and-dj-zinhle-back-together-20190506|title=AKA AND DJ ZINHLE BACK TOGETHER|work=Daily Sun}}</ref> N'ụbọchị 21 Febụwarị 2021, Forbes biputere foto na Instagram na-ekwupụta nkwa ọlụlụ ya na enyi ya nwanyị Nelli Tembe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/02/aka-is-engaged/|title=AKA Is Engaged 💍|work=Bellanaija.com|date=22 February 2021|accessdate=20 December 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Eprel 2021, Tembe nwụrụ mgbe o si na họtel dị na Cape Town daa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/nelli-tembe-fiance-of-rapper-aka-falls-to-her-death-in-cape-town-20210411|title=AKA 'inconsolable', Anele Tembe's family confirms her 'untimely passing'|work=News24.com|accessdate=11 April 2021}}</ref> Mgbe ọnwụ nke onye ọ chọrọ ịlụ Nellie Thembe, akụkọ pụtara na Forbes na-aṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ. Forbes weputara nkwupụta ihu ọha na nzaghachi na-ekwu na ọ gaghị adọta ya n'ikpughe nsogbu ha dị ka di na nwunye iji chebe onwe ha megide "echiche otu akụkụ".<ref>{{Cite web|title=AKA responds to reports of 'violence and drugs' in his relationship with Nelli Tembe|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-05-09-aka-responds-to-reports-of-violence-and-drugs-in-his-relationship-with-nelli-tembe/|accessdate=10 June 2021|work=SowetanLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Nkwupụta onye na-eti egwu ahụ bịara n'ihi akụkọ News24, nke kwuru na ọ hụrụ foto ebe a pụrụ ịhụ Forbes ka ọ na-eji aka ya emebi ọnụ ụzọ osisi iji banye n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra ha na Bryanston, Johannesburg, ebe Tembe zoro. A na-ekwu na ihe omume ahụ mere na 13 Machị 2021, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ọnwa tupu ọnwụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bhengu|first=Lwandile|title=PICS {{!}} Rapper AKA broke down a door to get to Anele Tembe – a month before her death|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/News/pics-rapper-aka-broke-down-a-door-to-get-to-anele-tembe-a-month-before-her-death-20210509|accessdate=10 June 2021|work=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Na mbido afọ 2022, onye na-eti egwu ibe ya bụ [[Nadia Nakai]] na Forbes pụtara dị ka di na nwunye ma kemgbe ahụ, ha anọwo na-akọwa mmekọrịta ha na ezumike, post na nkwupụta ọha na eze banyere mmekọrịta ha. Ndị mmadụ nwere ike ikwu ebe ọ bụ na Nakai bụ onye iro ya ogologo oge Cassper Nyovest bịanyere aka na ndekọ ya Family Tree Records. Mana mgbe Nyovest chọpụtara, ọ wepụrụ Nji na akara ahụ. == Nkọwapụta == '''Abọm studio''' * ''Altar Ego''(2011) * Levels (2014) * Touch My Blood (2018) * * * (2018) '''Abọm ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ''' * ''Be Careful What You Wish For''(na Anatii) (2017) '''Egwuregwu Ndị Mgbatị''' * ''Bhovamania'' (2020) == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Award Ceremony !Prize !Recipient/Nominated work !Result !Notes |- |2012 |18th South African Music Awards |Best Male Artist |''Altar Ego'' |{{Won}} | |- |2013 |Channel O Africa Music Video Awards |Most Gifted Hip Hop | rowspan="5" |Himself |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2014 | rowspan="2" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |Best Male, Southern Africa<ref name="Bellanaija1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/06/09/see-the-nominees-for-the-african-muzik-magazine-awards-afrimma-2014/|title=See Nominees for the African Muzik Magazine Awards (AFRIMMA) 2014|date=9 June 2014|publisher=Bellanaija|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> |{{Nom}} | |- |Best Rap Act<ref name="Bellanaija1" /> |{{Nom}} | |- |MTV Africa Music Awards |Best Hip Hop |{{Nom}} | |- |Channel O Africa Music Video Awards |Most Gifted Hip Hop |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="18" |2015 | rowspan="2" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |Best Male Southern Africa | |{{Won}} | |- |Best Collaboration | |{{Won}} | |- |MTV Africa Music Awards |Best Collaboration | |{{Won}} | |- |21st South African Music Awards |Best Male Artist<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://samusicawards.co.za/|title=Home – Samasama|publisher=Samusicawards.co.za|accessdate=19 September 2015}}</ref> |''Levels'' |{{Won}} | |- |Kora Awards |Best African Hip Hop | |{{Nom}} | |- |BET Awards |Best International Act (Africa) | |{{Nom}} | |- |MTV Europe Music Awards |Best African Act | | {{Nom}} | |- |M.O.B.O. Awards |Best International Act (Africa) | | | |- | rowspan="10" |4th South African Hip Hop Awards | rowspan="2" |Best Collaboration |AKA – Baddest (featuring Burna Boy, Khuli Chana and Yanga) |{{Nom}} | |- |Anatii – The Saga (featuring AKA) |{{Won}} | |- |Most Valuable Artist | * ''Levels'' (Gold album) * Congratulate (Gold single) * All Eyes on Me (Gold single) * Run Jozi (Godly) (Gold single) |{{Won}} | |- |Most Digital Sales | |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |Song of the Year |Anatii – The Saga (featuring AKA) |{{Won}} | |- |AKA – Baddest |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="4" |Video of the Year |AKA – All Eyes on Me |{{Nom}} | |- |Anatii – The Saga (featuring AKA) |{{Won}} | |- |Da L.E.S – P.A.I.D (featuring AKA and [[Burna Boy]]) |{{Nom}} | |- |AKA – Sim Dope |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2016 | rowspan="3" |15th Metro FM Music Awards |Best Collaboration | rowspan="2" |AKA – Baddest (featuring [[Burna Boy]], Khuli Chana and Yanga) |{{Won}} | |- |Best Hit Single |{{Won}} | |- |Best Remix |AKA – Baddest Remix (featuring [[Fifi Cooper]], [[Rouge (rapper)|Rouge]], Moozlie and Gigi Lamayne) |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="2" |22nd South African Music Awards |Best Collaboration |AKA – All Eyes on Me (featuring Redsan, [[Burna Boy]] and [[Stonebwoy]]) |{{Nom}} | |- |Best Remix. |AKA – Baddest (featuring [[Fifi Cooper]], [[Rouge (rapper)|Rouge]], Moozlie and Gigi Lamayne) |{{Nom}} | |- |BET Awards 2016 |Best International Act<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theedgesearch.com/2016/05/aka-cassper-nyovest-dj-black-coffee.html|title=AKA, Cassper Nyovest, DJ Black Coffee NOMINATED for 2016 BET Awards and more African artists|publisher=theedgesearch.com|accessdate=20 May 2016}}</ref> | |{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |BET Awards 2017 |Best International Act |Himself |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |2019 Kids' Choice Awards |Favourite South African Star |Himself |{{Won}} | |- |BET Awards 2019 | |Himself |{{Nom}} | |- |Namibia Annual Music Awards 2019 |Pan African Artist of the Year | |{{Won}} | |- |2020 |26th South African Music Awards |Music Video of the Year |AKA – Jika ft YangaChief |{{Won}} | |- |2021 |MTV Africa Music Awards 2021 |Best Lockdown Performance |Himself |{{pending}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=MTV Africa Music Awards 2021: All the nominees|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mtv-africa-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|work=Music In Africa|accessdate=1 July 2021|language=en|date=27 January 2021}}</ref> |} == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fnhwucx8rgpejfej86whd8pw718f4pt Acanthus mollis 0 19665 696876 656567 2026-08-05T08:30:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696876 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |Bear's breeches |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Acanthaceae_-_Acanthus_mollis_(2).JPG|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |Inflorescence of ''Acanthus mollis'' |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |- ! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[File:Red_Pencil_Icon.png|link=Template:Taxonomy/Acanthus| edit ]]</span> |- |Kingdom: |[[Osisi|Plantae]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Vascular plant|Tracheophytes]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Eudicots]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Asterids]] |- |Order: |[[Lamiales]] |- |Family: |[[Acanthaceae]] |- |Genus: |[[Acanthus (plant)|''Acanthus'']] |- |Species: |<div class="species" style="display:inline">'''''A.&nbsp;mollis'''''</div> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |'''<span class="binomial">''Acanthus mollis''</span>'''<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</div> |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]]<ref><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="172">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180929022747/http://www.theplantlist.org/ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="173"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2014</span>.</span></cite></ref> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: left" | * ''Acanthus hispanicus'' <small>[[John Claudius Loudon|Loudon]]</small> * ''Acanthus latifolius'' <small>[[Edmund Goeze|E.Goeze]]</small> * ''Acanthus longifolius'' <small>Poir.</small> * ''Acanthus lusitanicus'' <small>[[Auctorum|auct.]]</small> * ''Acanthus niger'' <small>[[Mill.]]</small> * ''Acanthus platyphyllus'' <small>[[Murb.]]</small> * ''Acanthus spinosissimus'' <small>[[Nicolaus Thomas Host|Host]]</small> [[nom. illeg.]] |} [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]] [[Usòrò:126_rue_de_rivoli_Paris_2012_07.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/126_rue_de_rivoli_Paris_2012_07.jpg/220px-126_rue_de_rivoli_Paris_2012_07.jpg|thumb|Isi obodo nke pilastre Corinthian na mba Paris]] '''''Acanthus mollis''''', nke a maara nke ọma dị ka '''breeches nke''' bear, '''odo mmiri''', '''osisi ụkwụ''' nke bear, osisi holly nke '''oké osimiri''', osisi gator ma ọ bụ '''osisi oyster''', bụ ụdị osisi dị n'ezinụlọ Acanthaceae ma bụrụkwa nke a n'esi na mpaghara Mediterenian.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weedbusters.org.nz/weed-information/weed-list/bears-breeches/|title=Weed Information Sheet}}</ref> Ọ bụ ahịhịa na-eto eto, nke na-etolite, nke nwere rosette nke nnukwu akwụkwọ, lobed ma ọ bụ ezé, na okooko osisi na-acha odo odo na nke na-acha ọcha na mkpisi kwụ ọtọ. == Nkọwa == ''Acanthus mollis'' bụ ahịhịa na-eto eto , nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ tuberous. Ọ nwere rosette nke na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, lobed ma ọ bụ nkewa, akwụkwọ glabrous nke cm iri ise (iri buo niime) ogologo iri atọ (iri abụọ) obosara nke cm petiole iri abụọrruo iri atọ (asaa na ụma itoolu na asatọ na ụma iri na otu n'ime) na ogologo. A -ebute okooko osisi ahụ n'elu ogwe kwụ ọtọ ruo cm nari abuo(iri asaa na itoolu n'ime) n'ogologo na-apụta site na akwụkwọ rossette. Sepals na-acha odo odo ma -arụ ọrụ dị ka egbugbere ọnụ elu na nke ala nke petal, egbugbereere ọnụ elu ihe dị ka cm anọ (otu na ụma isii n'ime) ogologo na egbugbere nke ala nke cm ato (otu na ụma abụọ) na ogologo. Petal dị ihe dị ka cm anọ ruo anọ na ụma ise (di otu na ụm̀a isii ruo otu na ụma asatọ) n'ogologo ma mepụta ohere nwere aj''ị di gburugbur'' ebe a na-ejikọta stamen. Okooko osisi na-apụta n'oge ọkọchị ma mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ capsule dị nkọ nke dị ihe dị ka cm abụọ (efu na ụm̀a asaa na itoolu n'ime) n'ogologo nke nwere [[capsule]] otu ma ọ bụ abụọ na-acha nchara nchara nke dị ihe dịka mm iri na anọ (0.55 in) n"ogologo na mm asatọ (0.31) n-obosara.<ref name="RBGS">{{Cite web|author=Conn|first=Barry J.|title=''Acanthus mollis''|url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&showsyn=&dist=&constat=&lvl=sp&name=Acanthus~mollis|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney|accessdate=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="NZPCN">{{Cite web|title=''Acanthus mollis''|url=https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/acanthus-mollis/|publisher=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network|accessdate=8 October 2020}}</ref> == Nchịkọta na aha == Carl Linnaeus kọwara ''Acanthus mollis'' na afọ 1753 n'akwụkwọ ya b<u>ụ</u> Species Plantarum .<ref name="L.">{{Cite book|author=Linnaeus|first=Carl|title=''Species Plantarum''|date=1753|publisher=Junk, 1908|location=Berlin|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84236#page/85/mode/1up|accessdate=8 October 2020}}</ref> Aha ụdị ahụ sitere na aha Grik nke osisi ahụ; {{lang|grc|ἄκανθος}} ''ákanthos'' e ṅomiri nke na isi obodo ndị Kọrịnt. Nke a nwere njikọ na nke pụtara "ogwu" nke na-arụtụ aka na sepals nwere ogwu, ma ọ bụ osisi ọ bụla nwere ogwu ma ọ bụ ihe na adụ adụ na Grik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=άκανθος|url=http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/lexica/triantafyllides/search.html?lq=%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82&dq=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/lexica/triantafyllides/search.html?lq=%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B1&dq=|language=el|publisher=Centre for the Greek Language|title=Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek}}</ref> Aha Latin nke ụdị ahụ, bụ ''mollis'' nke pụtara "dị nro, dị nro", na-arụtụ aka na ọdịdị nke akwụkwọ ya. == Nkesa na gburugburu ebe obibi == Ọ bụ ezie na o si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti Mediterenian, ''Acanthus mollis'' agbasaala n'ọtụtụ ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Europe na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Amerịka, Australia na New Zealand, ebe a na-ewere ya dị ka osisi ka awakpo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Acanthus mollis|url=http://www.floraiberica.es/floraiberica/texto/pdfs/14_07%20acanthus.pdf|publisher=[[Flora Iberica]]|accessdate=29 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="NZPCN" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=''Acanthus mollis'' L.; Sp. Pl.: 939 [639] (1753)|url=https://www.worldplants.de/world-plants-complete-list/complete-plant-list/?name=Acanthus-mollis#g-|work=www.worldplants.de|accessdate=29 April 2022}}</ref> ''Acanthus mollis'' bụ entomophilous, nke aṅụ ma ọ bụ aṅụ bumble buru ibu na eme ka ọmia iji manye ụzọ ha n'etiti elu na ala sepal, ka ha wee nwee ike imita nri na-atọ ụtọ na ala nke tube ahụ. == Ojiji n'ọrụ ugbo == A na-agbasa osisi ndị a site na akirika ma na-emepụta nnukwu ụyọkọ nke nwere ike ịdị ndụ ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ ma na-ele anya dị ka ihe oyiyi mgbe ọ tolitere nke ọma, mana ịdị mma ya dị ka osisi ubi na-ebelata n'ihi ọdịdị ya di ka osisi nwakpo (a na-emepụta osisi ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa ma site na mkpụrụ na akụkụ nke mgbọrọgwụ) na ohere ya maka mwakpo nke slug na eju.<ref name="Missouri">{{Cite web|title=''Acanthus mollis''|url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=275338&isprofile=0&|publisher=Missouri Botanic Garden|accessdate=8 October 2020}}</ref> == Nkọwa omenala == Ọdịdị nke akwụkwọ osisi a kpaliri onye Gris oge ochie na-ese ihe bu Callimachus (5th c. BCE) iji mepụta isi obodo nke kọlụm Kọrịnt. Kemgbe ahụ, a na-eji kọlụm usoro ndị Kọrịnt eme ihe nke ukwuu na ụlọ ndị Gris na<ref>and has been described by Vitruvius. </ref> Rom na nke oge ochie. Ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, ụdị nkume ma ọ bụ ọla nchara nke akwụkwọ acanthus apụtala dị ka ihe ịchọ mma acanthus na ụdị ụfọdụ nke osise ụlọ na oche.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Philippa|author=Lewis|year=1986|title=Dictionary of Ornament|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoforna00phil|location=New York|publisher=Pantheon|isbn=9780394509310}}</ref> Virgil kọwara Helen nke Troy dị ka onye na-eyi uwe e ji akwụkwọ osisi ''Acanthus'' chọọ mma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/howtogrow/3324985/How-to-grow-Acanthus.html|title=How to grow: Acanthus}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == <gallery> Usòrò:Acanthus mollis5.jpg|Omume Usòrò:Acanthaceae - Acanthus mollis-2.JPG|Nchịkọta nke stamens Usòrò:Acanthus_mollis_flower.JPG|Ebe a na-ahụ ya n'akụkụ Usòrò:2007-07-13Acanthus09.jpg|Mkpụrụ osisi Usòrò:AcanthusmollisPalatineHill.jpg|Osisi na-agbasa okooko n'ime mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Palatine Hill, Rome Usòrò:Acanthus_mollis_inflorescence.JPG|Okooko osisi Usòrò:Acanthaceae - Acanthus mollis.JPG|Akwụkwọ osisi Usòrò:Acanthus mollis MHNT.BOT.2007.43.58.jpg|Mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi Usòrò:Bear's breeches at BBG (50819).jpg|okooko osisi Usòrò:Acanthus mollis flower parts text.jpg|Okooko osisi e gburu egbu </gallery> == edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * The Introduced Flora of Australia and its Weed Status, site na R.P.Randall, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia [https://web.archive.org/web/20120504105203/http://www.weeds.org.au/docs/intro_flora_australia.pdf] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220912124701/https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id62339/ Biolib] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220912124701/http://www.floradecanarias.com/acanthus_mollis.html ''Acanthus mollis'' na Canary Islands] * [http://www.maltawildplants.com/ACNT/Acanthus_mollis.php Osisi Ọhịa Malta] 1w7n1jm0wqjwc6o1unu4ppuocavoir9 Yakubu Gowon 0 20556 696859 451678 2026-08-04T23:15:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yakubu Gowon (cropped).jpg|thumb|Yakubu Gowon]] {{Databox}} [[General (Nigeria)|General]]|image=Mr.Richard kasesela with former Nigerian President Yakubu Gowon during the Friends of Global fund Africa meeting in Kigali (cropped).jpg|caption=Gowon in 2007|order=[[List of heads of state of Nigeria|3rd]] [[Military dictatorship in Nigeria|Head of State of Nigeria]]|term_start=1 August 1966|term_end=29 July 1975|1blankname={{nowrap|[[Vice President of Nigeria|Chief of Staff]]}}|1namedata=[[Joseph Edet Akinwale Wey]]|predecessor=[[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]]|successor=[[Murtala Mohammed]]|office2=[[Defence Minister of Nigeria|Federal Commissioner of Defence]]|term_start2=1966|term_end2=1975|predecessor2=[[Inuwa Wada]]|successor2=[[Illiya Bisalla]]|office3=[[Chief of Army Staff (Nigeria)|Chief of Army Staff]]|term_start3=16 January 1966|term_end3=29 July 1966|predecessor3=[[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]]|successor3=[[Joseph Akahan]]|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1934|10|19|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]], [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Region]], [[Colonial Nigeria|British Nigeria]]<br>(now [[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]], Nigeria)|spouse={{marriage|[[Victoria Gowon]]|1969}}|alma_mater=[[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]]<br >[[Staff College, Camberley]]<br>[[Joint Service Defence College|Joint Staff College, Latimer]]<br>[[University of Warwick]]|allegiance={{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}|branch={{Army|Nigeria|size=23px}}|serviceyears=1954–1975|rank=[[File:Nigeria-Army-OF-9.svg|20px]] [[General (Nigeria)|General]]|battles=[[Congo Crisis]]<br>[[Nigerian Civil War]]|nationality=[[Nigerian]]|nickname=Jack}} {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Yakubu Dab- Yumma ma 'Jack' Gowon'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Yakubu 'Jack' Gowon at 85|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/general-yakubu-jack-gowon-at-85/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=guardian.ng|archivedate=2023-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401043511/https://guardian.ng/opinion/general-yakubu-jack-gowon-at-85/}}</ref> (amụrụ n'abali irí na iteghete nke ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1934) bụ onye isi ndị agha Naijiria lara ezumike nká na onye isi ndị ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yakubu Gowon Archives|url=https://m.guardian.ng/tag/yakubu-gowon/|accessdate=2022-02-25|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> Dị ka Onye isi ala nke Naịjirịa, Gowon duziri [[Nigerian Civil War|agha obodo Naịjiria]] na-ese okwu ma kwuo okwu a ma ama "enweghị onye mmeri, enweghị mmeri" na njedebe agha ahụ na mgbalị ịkwalite ọgwụgwọ na ime udo.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|title=Yakubu Gowon {{!}} head of state of Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Yakubu-Gowon|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> A na-edepụta Agha Obodo Naịjirịa dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị gbuo mmadụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a, ebe ụfọdụ na-ebo Gowon ebubo mpụ megide mmadụ na mgbukpọ agbụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=247ureports.com|date=2013-09-22|title=Crimes Against Humanity: Why Yakubu Gowon And Accomplices Should Face Trial|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/crimes-against-humanity-why-yakubu-gowon-and-accomplices-should-face-trial/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=News Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> Gowon na-ekwusi ike na o meghị ihe ọjọọ ọ bụla n'oge agha ahụ nakwa na idu ndú ya zọpụtara mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-18|title=Gowon speaks on civil war, says he didn't commit any crime|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/gowon-speaks-on-civil-war-says-he-didnt-commit-any-crime/wqyzw16|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Onye Kraịst Anglịkan sitere n'ezinụlọ [[Ngas language|Ngas]] nke Northern Nigeria, Gowon bụ onye Naijiria na-ahụ mba n'anya, na onye kwere na ịdị n'otu na ịdị n"otu nke Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archbishop welcomes Nigeria's General Yakubu Gowon to Lambeth Palace|url=https://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/speaking-and-writing/latest-news/news-archive-2016/archbishop-welcomes-nigerias-general-yakubu|accessdate=2021-04-08|work=The Archbishop of Canterbury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The National Youth Service Corps: A Bridge to Nationalism in Nigeria|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/national-youth-service-corps-bridge-nationalism-nigeria|accessdate=2021-04-08|work=Council on Foreign Relations|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-23|title=Nigeria's unity, not negotiable, says Gowon|url=https://punchng.com/nigerias-unity-not-negotiable-says-gowon/|accessdate=2021-03-26|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> Ịrịgo Gowon n'ọchịchị na-esote ọchịchị aka ike na ọnwa Julị nke afọ 1966 kwadoro ọchịchị ndị agha na Naịjirịa. N'ihi ya, Gowon bụ onye isi ala Naịjirịa na-eje ozi ogologo oge, na-achị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ itoolu ruo mgbe Brigadier Murtala Mohammed chụpụrụ ya na nnupụisi nke afọ 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yakubu Gowon – Nigeria's Prodigious War General|url=https://africa360degrees.com/honour-roll/politics-civil-rights/yakubu-gowon-nigerias-prodigious-war-general/|accessdate=2020-05-26|work=Africa 360 Degrees {{!}} African Economics {{!}} Business {{!}} and Political affairs 360 degrees coverage {{!}} Independent {{!}} Analysis {{!}} Insight {{!}} africa360degrees.com|language=en-GB|archivedate=2020-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605082851/https://africa360degrees.com/honour-roll/politics-civil-rights/yakubu-gowon-nigerias-prodigious-war-general/}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == Gowon bụ [[Ngas language|onye Ngas]] (Angas) sitere na Lur, obere obodo dị na mpaghara Gọọmentị Kanke nke Plateau Steeti ugbu a. Nne na nna ya, Nde Yohanna na Matwok Kurnyang hapụrụ Wusasa, Zaria dị ka ndị ozi ala ọzọ otu ọrụ ụka (CMS) n'oge mmalite nke ndụ Gowon. Nna ya nwere obi ụtọ n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ lụrụ n'otu ụbọchị ahụ onye ga-abụ eze nwaghị nne Elizabeth lụrụ onye ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu bụ Eze George VI.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Dibdin|first=Emma|date=2021-04-12|title=Take a Deep Dive Into Royal Family History With Our Interactive Windsor Family Tree|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/a20736482/british-royal-family-tree/|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=Town & Country|language=en-US}}</ref> Gowon bụ nwa nke ise n'ime ụmụ iri na otu. Ọ tolitere na Zaria ma nwee ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ya n'ebe ahụ. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Gowon gosipụtara na ọ bụ ezigbo onye na-eme egwuregwu: ọ bụ onye na-edebe goolu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, onye na-agba ọsọ, na onye na- ọsọ ogologo oge. Ọ mebiri ihe ndekọ kilomita ụlọ akwụkwọ n'afọ mbụ ya. Ọ bụkwa onyeisi ndị ọkụ ọkpọ.<ref>''Daily Trust'', 19 October 2004 (Chief Sunday Awoniyi).</ref> == Ọrụ mmalite == Gowon sonyeere ndị agha Naijiria n'afọ 1954, ma nata ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi nke abụọ n'ụbọchị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1955, ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke iri abụọ na otu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Yakubu Dan-Yumma Gowon (1934- ) •|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/gowon-general-yakubu-dan-yumma-1934/|author=Franz|first=Alyssa|date=2009-06-10|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> A zụrụ ya na Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, UK (n'afọ 1955), Staff College, Camberley, UK (n'afọ 1962) yana Joint Staff College. Ọ hụtara ọrụ na Congo dị ka akụkụ nke United Nations Peace-keeping Force, ma n'afọ1960 na 1963. Ọ gara n'ihu ruo n'ọkwa onye isi ndị agha n'afọ 1966, n'oge ahụ ọ ka bụ lieutenant colonel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Yakubu Dan-Yumma Gowon (Jack) {{!}} Profile {{!}} Africa Confidential|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/2747/Yakubu_Gowon|work=www.africa-confidential.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-26}}</ref> == Ọchịchị e wepụrụ n'afọ 1966 == N'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 1966, ọ ghọrọ onye isi ndị agha kacha nta na Naịjirịa mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ na otu, n'ihi na otu ndị agha na-eto eto n'okpuru Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu mere ka a kwatuo [[1966 Nigerian coup d'état|ọchịchị ndị]] nkịtị nke Naịjirịa.<ref name="countrystudies3">[http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/70.htm US Library of Congress&nbsp;– "The 1966 Coups, Civil War, and Gowon's Government".]</ref> N'oge nnupụisi a, e gburu ọtụtụ ndị isi ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ, gụnyere Sir [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], Praịm Minista Naịjirịa; Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna nke Sokoto na Praịm nke Northern Region; na Samuel Akintola, Praịma nke Western Region, Lt Col Arthur Unegbe na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Lieutenant Colonel Gowon nke oge ahụ laghachiri na Joint Staff College, Latimer UK ụbọchị abụọ tupu nnupụisi ahụ, nke nwere ike ịhapụ ya na ndepụta ndị na-akpa nkata.<ref>Reflections on the Nigerian Civil War By Raph Uwechue</ref> Ọdịda nke Major General [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] (onye bụ onye isi ala na-esote nnupụisi nke Jenụwarị 1966 - ya na Gowon Chief of Staff ya) iji zute ihe ndị Northern chọrọ maka ikpe ndị na-eme atụmatụ nnupụnụ ahụ mere ka iwe ndị Northern gbasaa. E nwere nkwado dị ukwuu maka ndị na-akpa nkata nnupụisi site na mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ yana ọtụtụ ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ "Lagos-Ibadan". == Mgbagha ọchịchị na July ==   Mgbe ahụ, Iwu Aguyi Ironsi nke ọnụọgụ dị irí atọ na anọ bịara, nke tụrụ aro ka ewepụ usoro gọọmentị etiti iji kwado otu steeti, ọnọdụ nke ụfọdụ ndị Southerners kwadoro ogologo oge - ọkachasị site na nnukwu akụkụ nke Igbo-na-achịkwa National Council of Nigeria na Cameroon (NCNC) Nke a nwere ike ịbụ na ndị ùgwù kọwara ya n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi dị ka Southern (karịsịa Igbo) na-anwa iweghara ike niile na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Aremu|first=Johnson|year=2016|title=Unitary government and the challenge of political instability in Nigeria, 1966-1970|url=http://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/WSN-40-2016-124-1342.pdf|journal=World Scientific News|volume=40|pages=124–134|issn=2392-2192}}</ref> Ebe ugwu nọ n'azụ mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ na nke ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ (n'otu akụkụ n'ihi nguzogide ozizi ndị Alakụba na omenala na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya), ebe ọtụtụ ndị Igbo Eastern nọworị na ọrụ gọọmentị etiti.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-23|title=Yakubu Gowon - the True Measure of a Man|url=http://ng.dailyadvent.com/uncategorized/2018/07/23/yakubu-gowon-the-true-measure-of-a-man/|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=Daily Advent Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524153240/http://ng.dailyadvent.com/uncategorized/2018/07/23/yakubu-gowon-the-true-measure-of-a-man/}}</ref> Ebumnuche mbụ nke Murtala Mohammed na ndị na-akpa nkata ọchịchị ya yiri ka ọ bụ iji mepụta nkewa nke mpaghara Northern site na Naịjirịa n'ozuzu ya, mana ọtụtụ ndị ndụmọdụ mechara mee ka atụmatụ ha kwụsị, nke gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na ndị ọkàikpe dị elu, na ndị ozi dị mkpa nke gọọmentị Britain na Amerika nwere mmasị na ọchịchị Naịjiria. Ndị isi na-eto eto wee kpebie ịkpọ aha Lieutenant Colonel Gowon, onye o doro anya na ọ naghị etinye aka na ihe omume ruo n'oge ahụ, dị ka Onye isi ala Naijiria. Mgbe ọ na-arịgo n'ọchịchị, Gowon gbanwere mkpochapụ Ironsi nke ụkpụrụ gọọmentị etiti. == Onye isi ala == N'afọ 1966, a họpụtara Gowon ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ala.<ref name="Britannica"/> Ruo mgbe ahụ, Gowon nọgidere bụrụ onye agha na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị itinye aka ọ bụla na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ruo mgbe ọgba aghara nke afọ ahụ mere ka ọ bụrụ onye ndu na mberede, mgbe nzụlite ya pụrụ iche dị ka onye ugwu nke na-abụghị nke [[Ndi Haụsa|ndị Hausa]] ma ọ bụ Fulani ma ọ bụ nke okwukwe Alakụba mere ka ọ nwee nhọrọ dị nchebe iji duzie mba nke ndị bi na ya nwere esemokwu agbụrụ. Gowon buliri onwe ya elu ugboro abụọ dị ka Onye isi ala Naijiria. Gowon bụ Lt. Colonel mgbe ọ rịgooro n'elu ọchịchị ndị agha Federal ọhụrụ nke Naịjirịa n'abalị mbụ nke n'ọnwa August afọ 1966 mana ndị isi ndị agha ndị ọzọ dị ka Commodore Joseph Wey, Brigadier Babafemi Ogundipe, na Colonel Robert Adebayo bụ akụkụ nke gọọmentị na ndị isi agha ha na Gowon bụ ihe ihere.<ref name="Garrison-NYT">{{Cite web|author=Garrison|first=Lloyd|title=Nigeria Outwardly Placid but Killings Increase; Unity Apparently Shattered in Hausa Take-Over Ironsi Reported to Be Dead|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/08/04/archives/nigeria-outwardly-placid-but-killings-increase-unity-apparently.html|accessdate=31 January 2021|work=New York Times}}</ref> Iji mee ka ọnọdụ ya dị ka Onye isi ala kwụsie ike, Gowon buliri onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ Major-General obere oge tupu mmalite nke agha obodo n'afọ1967 na General zuru ezu na njedebe nke agha obodo n'afọ 1970.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Siollun|first=Max|title=Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976)|year=2009|publisher=Algora Publishing, 2009|isbn=9780875867090}}</ref> == Onye ndú agha obodo == N'ịtụ anya nkewa ọwụwa anyanwụ, Gowon mere ngwa ngwa iji belata nkwado nke mpaghara ahụ site n'inye iwu ka e mepụta steeti iri na abụọ ọhụrụ iji dochie mpaghara anọ ahụ. Isii n'ime steeti ndị a nwere ndị pere mpe nke chọrọ ka e mepụta steeti kemgbe afọ 1950. Gowon gbakọrọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi na ndị ka nta n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ agaghị akwado ndị Igbos, n'ihi atụmanya nke inwe steeti nke ha ma ọ bụrụ na e merie mgbalị nkewa. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị agha gọọmentị etiti lụrụ agha na [[Nigerian Civil War|Agha Obodo Naijiria]], nke a makwaara dị ka [[Nigerian Civil War|Agha Biafran]], iji weghachite mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na njikọ ahụ, bụ ndị otu ndị pere mpe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria - The 1966 Coups, Civil War, and Gowon's Government|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/70.htm|work=countrystudies.us|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> Agha ahụ were ọnwa iri atọ ma kwụsị na Jenụwarị nke afọ 1970. N'ịnakwere nkwụsị agha Biafra n'enweghị ihe mgbochi, Gowon kwupụtara na ọ gaghị enwe onye mmeri ma ọ bụ onye meriri. N'ime mmụọ a, a kwupụtara na afọ ndị sochirinụ bụ oge mmezigharị, iwughachi, na ime udo. Ọganihu ọnụ ahịa mmanụ, nke malitere n'ihi ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke mmanụ ala (onye isi na-enweta ego na mba ahụ) n'ahịa ụwa na 1973, mere ka ikike gọọmentị etiti nwere ịrụ ọrụ ndị a.<ref name="countrystudies3"/> Esemokwu bilitere n'etiti mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na gọọmentị etiti nke Gowon na-achịkwa n'ebe ugwu. N abalị anọ nke 'ọnwa Jenụwarị nke afọ 1967, n'ikwekọ na arịrịọ Ojukwu ka ha gbakọọ maka mkparịta ụka naanị n'ala na-anọpụ iche, e nwere nzukọ nke Gowon, Ojukwu na ndị ọzọ so na Kansụl Ndị Agha Kasị Elu gara na Aburi na Ghana, ebumnuche ya bụ idozi esemokwu niile dị ịrịba ama ma guzobe Naịjirịa dị ka njikọ nke mpaghara.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Ubani|first=Dr Lumumba Umunna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAXYItFgj8MC&pg=PA219|title=Afrikan Mind Reconnection & Spiritual Re-Awakening|date=2011-01-17|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=978-1-4568-4132-4|language=en}}</ref> Nsonaazụ nke nzukọ a bụ nkwekọrịta Aburi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aburi Accord|url=https://litcaf.com/aburi-accord/|date=2017-01-15|work=Litcaf|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29|archivedate=2022-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002211623/https://litcaf.com/aburi-accord/}}</ref> Nkwekọrịta Aburi ahụghị ìhè nke ụbọchị ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na gọọmentị Gowon na-eduzi nwere nnukwu nchebara echiche maka ego nwere ike ịba, ọkachasị ego mmanụ nke a tụrụ anya na ọ ga-abawanye n'ihi na achọpụtara ihe ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ n'etiti afọ 1960. E kwuwo na-enweghị nkwenye na ma Gowon na Ojukwu nwere ihe ọmụma banyere nnukwu mmanụ dị na mpaghara Niger [[Mba Mmiri|Delta]], nke taa aghọwo isi ihe na-akwado akụ na ụba Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Ubani|first=Dr Lumumba Umunna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAXYItFgj8MC&pg=PA219|title=Afrikan Mind Reconnection & Spiritual Re-Awakening|date=2011-01-17|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=978-1-4568-4132-4|language=en}}</ref> N'ime njem iji nyochaa mmetụta nke gọọmentị Ojukwu n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, Gowon kwupụtara n'abalị ise nke ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1967 nkewa nke mpaghara Naịjirịa atọ n'ime [[Nkeji Ochíchííwu Kano|steeti]] iri na abụọ: North-Western Steeti, North-Eastern Steeti, Kano Steeti, North'Central Steeti, Benue-Plateau Steeti, Kwara Steeti, Western Steeti, Lagos Steeti, Mid-Westh Steeti, na, site na, site n'Eastern Region, a Rivers Steeti, South-Easth-Eastic Steeti, na East-Central Steeti.<ref name="Britannica"/> Steeti ndị na-abụghị ndị Igbo South-Eastern na Rivers nke nwere mmanụ na ohere ịbanye n'oké osimiri, ka a tụrụ iji kewapụ mpaghara Igbo dị ka steeti East-Central.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawodu.com/gowon.htm|title=Gowon's speech creating 12 states.}}</ref> Otu akụkụ na-ese okwu nke njem a bụ ntinye Gowon nke Port Harcourt, nnukwu obodo dị na Niger Delta, na South nke Naịjirịa (Ikwerres na Ijaws), na-anọdụ na ụfọdụ n'ime ebe nchekwa kachasị ukwuu na Naịjirịa, n'ime Rivers State ọhụrụ, na-eme ka ndị ahịa Igbo na-akwaga ebe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=yakubu gowon education|url=http://tenelva.se/a1oil6/199680-yakubu-gowon-education|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=tenelva.se|archivedate=2021-05-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524154258/http://tenelva.se/a1oil6/199680-yakubu-gowon-education}}</ref> Ọpụpụ nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha laghachiri n'obodo ha dị na "Igbo heartland" n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa ebe ha chere na ọ dị nchebe ka a na-ebo ebubo na ọ bụ ihe na-emegide iwu Gowon "enweghị onye mmeri, enweghị mmeri", mgbe na njedebe nke agha ahụ, ihe onwunwe ha hapụrụ n'azụ bụ ndị ụmụ amaala Rivers State kwuru.<ref>{{Cite web|author=smile|date=2020-06-30|title=GENERAL YAKUBU "JACK" GOWON|url=https://www.glimpse.ng/general-yakubu-jack-gowon/|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=Glimpse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720212835/https://www.glimpse.ng/general-yakubu-jack-gowon/}}</ref> Ndị agbụrụ dị ala nke mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ abụghị ndị na-ekwu okwu banyere atụmanya nkewa, n'ihi na ọ ga-apụta ibi n'ihe ha chere na ọ ga'abụ mba Igbo na-achị.<ref>Africa Today, Reflections on the Nigerian Civil War by Raph Uwechue.</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị na-abụghị ndị Igbo bi na mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ ma ọ bụ zere inye nkwado siri ike maka ọgụ Biafran, ma ọ bụ nyere aka n'akụkụ gọọmentị etiti site na ịbanye n'òtù ndị agha Naijiria ma nye ya ihe ọmụma banyere ọrụ agha Biafran. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ rụrụ ọrụ dị ukwuu na gọọmentị Biafran, na N.U. Akpan na-eje ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke gọọmentị, Lt. Col (mgbe e mesịrị Major-General) Philip Effiong, na-eje ije ozi dị ka onye isi ndị agha Biafra na ndị ọzọ dị ka Chiefs Bassey na Graham-Douglas na-eje ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kasuka|first=Bridgette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ragu4v8r--4C&pg=PA330|title=Prominent African Leaders Since Independence|date=2012-02-08|publisher=Bankole Kamara Taylor|isbn=978-1-4700-4358-2|language=en}}</ref> N'abalị irí atọ nke ọnwa Mee n'afo 1967, Ojukwu zaghachiri ọkwa Gowon site n'ịkwupụta nkewa nke mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, nke a ga-akpọ ugbu a Republic of [[Bịafra|Biafra]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80SvCmSTxGoC&pg=PA157|title=African Leaders|publisher=Bankole Kamara Taylor|language=en}}</ref> Nke a ga-akpata agha nke ga-adịru ihe dị ka ọnwa iri atọ , ma hụ ọnwụ nke ihe karịrị otu puku narị ndị agha na ihe karịrị otu nde ndị nkịtị, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nke ikpeazụ ga-anwụ n'ihi agụụ n'okpuru mgbochi nke Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Siollun|first=Max|date=2020-01-15|title=Opinion {{!}} Nigeria Is Haunted by Its Civil War|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/15/opinion/nigeria-civil-war-anniversary.html|accessdate=2021-05-24}}</ref> Agha ahụ hụrụ mmụba dị ukwuu nke ndị agha Naijiria n'ibu na mmụba siri ike na nkuzi na nkà na ụzụ ya, ebe a mụrụ ndị agha ụgbọelu Naijiria na-aga n'ihu n'oge esemokwu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=yakubu gowon education|url=http://mktghd.com/aaron-dismuke-govuekf/eaf42f-yakubu-gowon-education|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=mktghd.com|archivedate=2021-05-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524155830/http://mktghd.com/aaron-dismuke-govuekf/eaf42f-yakubu-gowon-education}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, nnukwu esemokwu gbara ọrụ ụgbọ elu nke ndị agha Naijiria gburugburu, dịka ọtụtụ ndị bi na Biafra, gụnyere ndị ọrụ Red Cross, ndị ozi ala ọzọ na ndị nta akụkọ mba ọzọ, boro ndị agha ụgbọelu Naijiria ebubo na ha na-elekwasị anya na ndị nkịtị, ebe enyemaka na ahịa. Gowon agọnahụla nkwupụta ndị ahụ, tinyere nkwupụta na ndị agha ya mere arụrụala dịka ndina n'ike, igbu ndị nkịtị na ịpụnara ndị mmadụ ihe n'ebe ndị e weghaara; Otú ọ dị, otu n'ime ndị ọchịagha ya n'oge agha, [[Benjamin Adekunle]] yiri ka ọ na-enye ụfọdụ ntụkwasị obi na nkwupụta ndị a n'akwụkwọ ya, ka ọ na'ihi na ha bụ ihe ọjọọ sitere n'agha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=yakubu gowon education|url=http://75.103.85.234/lfofi1la/8aa0a5-yakubu-gowon-education|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=75.103.85.234|archivedate=2023-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024121146/http://75.103.85.234/lfofi1la/8aa0a5-yakubu-gowon-education}}</ref> == ''"Ọ dịghị onye mmeri, ọ dịghị onye meriri"'' == Agha ahụ biri n' abalị iri na atọ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 1970, mgbe Colonel [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] nabatara inyefe ndị agha Biafra.<ref>Olusegun Obasanjo, ''My Command'', Ibadan/London/Nairobi' Heinemann, 1980, pp. 124–131.</ref> N'echi ya, Obasanjo kwupụtara ọnọdụ ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị nnupụisi Radio Biafra Enugu. Gowon mechara kwupụta okwu ya a ma ama "enweghị onye mmeri, enweghị onye meriri", wee soro ya na mgbaghara maka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị sonyere na nnupụisi Biafran, yana mmemme nke "Nkwekọrịta, Nrụzigharị, na Nweghachi", [ihe odide dị mkpa] iji dozie nnukwu mmebi nke akụ na ụba na akụrụngwa nke mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ n'oge afọ agha.<ref>Gowon's 12 January Speech Welcoming Biafran Surrender</ref> N'ụzọ dị mwute, ụfọdụ n'ime mgbalị ndị a ahapụghị bọọdụ eserese. Na mgbakwunye na nke a, Gen. Iwu nchịkwa Gowon nke inye ndị Biafra nwere akaụntụ ụlọ akụ na Naijiria pound iri abụọ, n'agbanyeghị ego ole dị na akaụntụ ha, ndị ọrụ enyemaka mba ọzọ na nke obodo katọrọ ya, n'ihi na nke a dugara n'ịgba arịrịọ, ịpụnara mmadụ ihe na ịpụnọrọ ihe n'ebe Biafran mbụ mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Threat of Secession|url=https://www.accord.org.za/conflict-trends/threat-of-secession/|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=ACCORD|language=en-GB}}</ref> Mkpebi ọzọ Gowon mere n'oge ọganihu mmanụ bụ inwe ihe ụfọdụ weere dị ka mmetụta na-adịghị mma maka akụ na ụba Naijiria n'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ bụ ezie na mmetụta ya ozugbo bụ ihe a na-ahụ anya. Iwu ya nke afọ 1972, nke kwupụtara na ọtụtụ ngalaba nke akụ na ụba nke Naijiria anaghị anabata itinye ego mba ọzọ niile, ka ọ na-ewepụ ihe karịrị ndị mba ọzọ na-ekere òkè na ọtụtụ n'ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Times|first=John Darnton Special to The New York|date=1976-10-30|title=Nigeria's'Indigenization' Policy Under Fire|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/10/30/archives/nigerias-indigenization-policy-under-fire.html|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ogbuagu|first=Chibuzo|date=1983|title=The Nigerian Indigenization Policy: Nationalism or Pragmatism?|url=https://jstor.org/stable/721406?seq=1|journal=African Affairs|volume=82|issue=327|pages=241–266|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097509}}</ref> Iwu a nyere ọtụtụ ndị Naijiria nwere njikọ dị mma uru ma gosipụta na ọ na-emebi itinye ego na-abụghị mmanụ na akụ na ụba Naijiria. Afọ ndị agha obodo gachara hụrụ Naịjirịa na-enwe ọganihu akụ na ụba, mmanụ, nke na-eme ka ọrụ gọọmentị etiti Naịjirịa rịa elu ruo n'ókè a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ, yana mmụba ego sitere na ego mmanụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ dị mwute, oge a hụkwara mmụba ngwa ngwa na nrụrụ aka, ọkachasị iri ngo, nke ndị ọrụ gọọmentị etiti na ndị ọrụ gọọmenti etiti; ọ bụ ezie na onye isi ala n'onwe ya, Gen. Gowon, achọtabeghị na ọ na-akwado omume nrụrụ aka, a na-ebo ya ebubo ugboro ugboro na ọ na'eleghara ọrụ nke ndị ọrụ ya na ndị enyi ya anya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria - The Gowon Regime|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/25.htm|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=countrystudies.us}}</ref> N'abalị mbụ nke ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1974, n'ụzọ megidere nkwa mbụ ya, Gowon kwupụtara na Naịjirịa agaghị adị njikere maka ọchịchị ndị nkịtị site n'afọ 1976, ọ kwupụtakwara na a ga-eweghachi ụbọchị nnyefe ahụ ruo mgbe ebighi ebi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yakubu Gowon – Nigeria's Prodigious War General|url=https://africa360degrees.com/honour-roll/politics-civil-rights/yakubu-gowon-nigerias-prodigious-war-general/|work=Africa 360 Degrees {{!}} African Economics {{!}} Business {{!}} and Political affairs 360 degrees coverage {{!}} Independent {{!}} Analysis {{!}} Insight {{!}} africa360degrees.com|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-05-29|archivedate=2020-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605082851/https://africa360degrees.com/honour-roll/politics-civil-rights/yakubu-gowon-nigerias-prodigious-war-general/}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, n'ihi uto nke bureaucracy, e nwere ebubo nke ịrị elu nke nrụrụ aka. Ọgaranya na-abawanye na mba ahụ mere ka e nye ikikere mbubata adịgboroja. E nwere akụkọ banyere ọtụtụ nkume na ájá na-abanye na mba ahụ, na nke General Gowon n'onwe ya na-agwa onye nta akụkọ mba ọzọ na "naanị nsogbu Naịjirịa nwere bụ otu esi emefu ego o nwere".<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kasuka|first=Bridgette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2nxqV2R7_8C&pg=PA334|title=Prominent African Leaders Since Independence|date=April 2013|publisher=New Africa Press|isbn=978-9987-16-026-6|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe gbasara ụgbọ mmiri simenti == Nrụrụ aka n'ọchịchị Gowon ruru n'ókè n'ihe omume "ụgbọ mmiri simenti" a ma ama n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1975, mgbe ọtụtụ narị ụgbọ mmiri na-anwa ịtọpụ simenti jupụtara n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Lagos.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yakubu Gowon - InfoHub|url=https://infohub.xyz.ng/yakubu-gowon|work=infohub.xyz.ng|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> N'ụzọ ụfọdụ, ndị ọrụ gọọmentị Naijiria bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na ndị na-eweta mba ụwa 68 dị iche iche maka nnyefe ngụkọta nke nde tọn simenti iri abụo n'''otu'' afọ na Lagos, ọ bụ ezie na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ya nwere ike ịnabata naanị otu nde tọn ibu kwa afọ.<ref>''[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8622027405260927297 National Am. Corp. v. Federal Republic of Nigeria]'', 597 F. 2d 314 (2nd Cir. 1979).</ref> Ọbụna nke ka njọ, nkwekọrịta simenti ndị a na-edeghị nke ọma gụnyere nkwekọrịta demurrage nke na-akwado ndị na-eweta ya, nke pụtara na ụgwọ ahụ malitere ịrị elu ma ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nọdụrụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-echere ibudata (ma ọ bụ ọbụna ma ọ bụrụgodị na ha nọdụrụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ha na-echera ikike ịpụ Naịjirịa). Gọọmentị Naịjirịa aghọtaghị oke mmejọ ya ruo mgbe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Lagos jupụtara nke ukwuu nke na ihe ndị dị mkpa enweghị ike ịgafe. Ka ọ na-erule n'oge ahụ, oge agafeela. Mgbalị ya iji jụ nkwekọrịta simenti ma tinye mmachibido iwu mberede na ụgbọ mmiri niile na-abata na-ejikọta mba ahụ na ikpe gburugburu ụwa ruo ọtụtụ afọ, gụnyere mkpebi 1983 nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke US. == Ịkwatu == Ihe ihere ndị a kpatara nnukwu enweghị afọ ojuju n'ime ndị agha. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1975, mgbe Gowon na-aga nzukọ OAU na Kampala, otu ndị isi nke Colonel [[Joseph Nanven Garba|Joe Nanven Garba]] duziri kwupụtara iwepu ya. Ndị na-akpa nkata iwe ọchịchị họpụtara Brigadier Murtala Muhammed dị ka onye isi nke gọọmentị ọhụrụ, na Brigadier [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] dị ka onye nnọchi anya ya.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kasuka|first=Bridgette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2nxqV2R7_8C&pg=PA334|title=Prominent African Leaders Since Independence|date=April 2013|publisher=New Africa Press|isbn=978-9987-16-026-6|language=en}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Nigerian_Public_Domain_137.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nigerian_Public_Domain_137.jpg/220px-Nigerian_Public_Domain_137.jpg|thumb|Dị ka onye agha]] == Afọ ndị a chụgara mba ọzọ == Gowon mechara gaa mba ọzọ na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|mba United Kingdom]], ebe ọ nwetara Ph.D. na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum Warwick. Ebe obibi ya bụ isi na Britain dị n'ókè ugwu London na Hertfordshire, ebe ọ ghọwo akụkụ nke obodo Bekee n'ógbè ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ụka na chọọchị parish ya, St Mary the Virgin, Monken Hadley.<ref>{{Cite web|author=smile|date=2020-06-30|title=GENERAL YAKUBU "JACK" GOWON|url=https://www.glimpse.ng/general-yakubu-jack-gowon/|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=Glimpse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720212835/https://www.glimpse.ng/general-yakubu-jack-gowon/}}</ref> == Ogbugbu Murtala == N' ọnwa Febụwarị nke 1976, Gen. E gburu Murtala Mohammed n'ọchịchị na-enweghị isi nke Lt. Col Buka Suka Dimka duziri, onye metụtara Gowon. Dị ka "nkwupụta" Dimka si kwuo, ọ zutere Gowon na London wee nweta nkwado n'aka ya maka nnupụisi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CCY4ngAACAAJ|title=Dimka's Confession: The Tragedy of a Nation|date=1976|publisher=Bendel Newspapers Corporation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Ubani|first=Dr Lumumba Umunna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAXYItFgj8MC&pg=PA223|title=Afrikan Mind Reconnection & Spiritual Re-Awakening|date=2011-01-17|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=978-1-4568-4132-4|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, Dimka kwuru tupu e gbuo ya na ebumnuche nke Mgbagha Ọchịchị bụ iweghachi Gowon dị ka Onye isi ala. N'ihi nchọpụta ụlọ ikpe nke nnupụisi ahụ, gọọmentị Naijiria kwupụtara na Gowon chọrọ ya, wepụ ya n'ọkwá ya <nowiki><i id="mwARg">n'anọghị ya</i></nowiki>, ma belata ezumike nká ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-11|title=Yakubu Gowon: The peaceful war general|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/yakubu-gowon-peaceful-war-general/|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Gen. E mechara gbaghara Gowon (ya na onye bụbu onye isi ala Biafran, Emeka Ojukwu) n'oge Republic nke Abụọ n'okpuru Onye isi ala Shehu Shagari. Ọkwá Gowon (nke ọchịagha) e weghachighị ruo n'afọ 1987 site n'aka General [[Ibrahim Babangida]].<ref name="Ihonvbere">{{Cite book|author=Ihonvbere|first=Julius|title=Illusions of Power: Nigeria in Transition|year=1998|isbn=9780865436428|url=https://archive.org/details/illusionsofpower00ihon/page/128}}</ref> == Ndụ o mesịrị == Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere doctorate ya na Mahadum Warwick, Gowon ghọrọ prọfesọ nke sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadụ Jos n'etiti afọ 1980.<ref name="Britannica"/> Gowon guzobere otu nke ya na 1992 nke a na-akpọ Yakubu Gowon Centre. A na-ekwu na nzukọ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na nsogbu na Naịjirịa dị ka ọchịchị dị mma yana nchịkwa ọrịa na-efe efe gụnyere HIV / AIDS, ogwu guinea, na ịba. Ọzọkwa, Gen. Gowon na-etinye aka na Guinea Worm Eradication Programme yana ihe nchịkọba gbasara ọrịa mmịnwụ (HIV Programme) na Global Fund nke Geneva.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Nkwocha|first=Dr Onyema G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SDjel1Vr92QC&pg=PA99|title=The Republic of Biafra: Once Upon a Time in Nigeria: My Story of the Biafra-Nigerian Civil War - a Struggle for Survival (1967–1970)|date=2010-10-26|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4520-6865-7|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2020, Tom Tugendhat onye omeiwu na-agbasa iji kwado ọgba aghara ndị uwe ojii nke afọ 2020 na Naịjirịa boro Gowon ebubo na ọ na-apụnara "ọkara nke Central Bank of Nigeria" mgbe a kwaturu ya n'ọchịchị nke afọ 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-27|title=Nigeria demands apology from UK government over MP's allegation against Gowon|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/428400-nigeria-demands-apology-from-uk-government-over-mps-allegation-against-gowon.html|accessdate=2021-05-24|language=en-GB}}</ref> Nkwupụta ahụ, nke mbụ a na-anwa ijikọ Gowon na nrụrụ aka, chere mmeghachi omume dị ukwuu ihu na Naijiria, na Bishọp Matthew Kukah na-ede na nnukwu Daily Trust na-akọwa okwu ahụ yiri ihe nzuzu dị ka "Ọ siri ike ịghọta otú onye otu ndị omebe iwu Britain a na-asọpụrụ nke ruru nnu ya, nwere ike ịkwa emo site n'ịkwado ebubo na-enweghị isi, na-enweghị ezi uche na nke nrụrụ aka megide General Yakubu Gowon, onye isi anyị na aka, mba ahụ na-esote ihu nke omume n'ihu ọha".<ref>{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=|title=Yakubu Gowon and the Firestorm over Akinwunmi Adeshina Tweet|work=|url=https://expressday.ng/yakubu-gowon-and-the-firestorm-over-akinwumi-adeshina-tweet/|accessdate=}}</ref> N'ịgbaso arịrịọ gọọmentị Naijiria rịọrọ mgbaghara, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ mechara kewapụ onwe ya na nkwupụta ahụ na-ekwu na, nkwupụta nke onye omeiwu ahụ anaghị egosipụta echiche nke Gọọmentị Eze ya na Gọọmentụ Britain enweghị usoro maka ịchịkwa omume na okwu nke ndị ome iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-27|title=Nigeria demands apology from UK government over MP's allegation against Gowon|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/428400-nigeria-demands-apology-from-uk-government-over-mps-allegation-against-gowon.html|accessdate=2021-03-26|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Gowon lụrụ Miss Victoria Zakari, onye nọọsụ a zụrụ azụ n'afọ 1969 na emume nke Seth Irunsewe Kale duziri na Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Giowon's D-Day|date=19 April 1969|work=The Daily Sketch}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * [[Nigerian Civil War|Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]] * Nchịkọta ndị agha Naịjirịa nke 1966 na 1983 na 1999 == Edensibia ==  {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfGF3HwSMrc&ab_channel=AdeyinkaMakinde A gwara General Yakubu Gowon na e wepụrụ ya n'ọchịchị, July 29th 1975] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uALiQpLEHiA&ab_channel=AdeyinkaMakinde Gen. Nzukọ OAU mberede nke Gowon Speech Open mgbe Portugal wakporo Guinea, Disemba 1970] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drmfQQMonE8&ab_channel=AdeyinkaMakinde Major General Yakubu Gowon gbara ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe Biafra capitulation, Jenụwarị 1970] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221002211623/https://oak.tv/gowon-obasanjo-shonekan/ Gowon, Obasanjo, Shonekan, Ekwueme, Osinbajo bụ òtù ukwe] {{S-start}} {{s-mil}} {{Succession box|title=[[President of Nigeria|Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria]]|before=[[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]]|after=[[Murtala Mohammed]]|years=1 August 1966&nbsp;– 29 July 1975}} {{s-off}} {{Succession box|before=[[Nuhu Bamalli]]|title=[[Foreign Minister of Nigeria]]|years=1966&nbsp;– 1967|after=[[Arikpo Okoi]]}} {{S-end}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị isi agha Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8u9jm0ax8aa4jxmmt7bdyj9ak54ican Sophia Williams-De Bruyn 0 23004 696833 692052 2026-08-04T15:08:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sophia Theresa Williams-de Bruyn''' (Amụrụ n'afọ 1938) bụ onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na [[South Africa]]. Ọ bụ onye mbụ natara onyinye ụmụ nwanyị maka ọrụ mba pụrụ iche. Ọ bụ onye ndu ikpeazụ dị ndụ nke Women's March.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-149253549.html|title=Memories of the Long March to Freedom|author=Ndaba|first=Baldwin|date=9 August 2006|work=The Star|accessdate=13 September 2016}}</ref> A mụrụ Sophia Theresa Williams-De Bruyn na Villageboard, mpaghara nke bụ ebe obibi nke ndị si n'ọtụtụ mba dị iche iche.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sophia-theresa-williams-de-bruyn|title=Sophia Theresa Williams de Bruyn|date=17 February 2011|work=South African History Online|accessdate=13 September 2016}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa Frances Elizabeth na Henry Ernest Williams.<ref name="Sophia" /> Mgbe nna ya sonyeere ndị agha iji lụọ agha n'Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, nne Sophia kpọgara ezinụlọ ahụ na mmepe ụlọ ọhụrụ, nke e wuru maka ndị na-acha ọbara ọbara, nke a na-akpọ Schauder. Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Saint James Catholic School.<ref name="Sophia">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sophia-theresa-williams-de-bruyn|title=Sophia Theresa Williams de Bruyn|author=sahoboss|date=2011-02-17|work=South African History Online|accessdate=2018-05-23|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFsahoboss2011">sahoboss (17 February 2011). [http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sophia-theresa-williams-de-bruyn "Sophia Theresa Williams de Bruyn"]. ''South African History Online''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ akwa.<ref name=":0" />{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-149253549.html|title=Memories of the Long March to Freedom|author=Ndaba|first=Baldwin|date=9 August 2006|work=The Star|accessdate=13 September 2016}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNdaba2006">Ndaba, Baldwin (9 August 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20161008194328/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-149253549.html "Memories of the Long March to Freedom"]. ''The Star''. Archived from <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://web.archive.org/web/20161008194328/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-149253549.html the original]</span> on 8 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2016</span> &#x2013; via HighBeam Research.</cite></ref> Ndị ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Van Lane Textile gwara ya ka o nyere aka "dozie nsogbu ha na ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ," ma mesịa ghọọ onye na-elekọta ụlọ ahịa.<ref name=":1" />{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sophia-theresa-williams-de-bruyn|title=Sophia Theresa Williams de Bruyn|date=17 February 2011|work=South African History Online|accessdate=13 September 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/sophia-theresa-williams-de-bruyn "Sophia Theresa Williams de Bruyn"]. ''South African History Online''. 17 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> O mechara bụrụ onye isi nke Textile Workers Union na Port Elizabeth.<ref name=":1" /> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1956, ọ duziri ngagharị nke ụmụ nwanyị 20,000 na Union Buildings nke Pretoria ya na Lilian Ngoyi, Rahima Moosa, Helen Joseph, Albertina Sisulu na Bertha Gxowa iji mee mkpesa maka ihe achọrọ na ụmụ nwanyị ga-ebu akwụkwọ gafere dịka akụkụ nke iwu gafere.<ref name="blue">[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JoburgPediA_-_Rahima_Moosa_House.png Blue plaque on the front of Rahima Moosa House mounted in 2013 as part of Johannesburg Heritage].</ref><ref name=":0" />{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-149253549.html|title=Memories of the Long March to Freedom|author=Ndaba|first=Baldwin|date=9 August 2006|work=The Star|accessdate=13 September 2016}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNdaba2006">Ndaba, Baldwin (9 August 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20161008194328/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-149253549.html "Memories of the Long March to Freedom"]. ''The Star''. Archived from <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://web.archive.org/web/20161008194328/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-149253549.html the original]</span> on 8 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2016</span> &#x2013; via HighBeam Research.</cite></ref> Sophia dị naanị afọ iri na asatọ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị isi anọ ahụ.<ref name="Kathrada">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kathradafoundation.org/2017/06/12/sophia-williams-de-bruyn-a-lifetime-of-activism/|title=Sophia Williams-De Bruyn – a lifetime of activism – AHMED KATHRADA FOUNDATION|work=www.kathradafoundation.org|language=en-ZA|accessdate=2018-05-23|archivedate=2017-08-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828190900/https://www.kathradafoundation.org/2017/06/12/sophia-williams-de-bruyn-a-lifetime-of-activism/}}</ref> Ụmụ nwanyị ndị a na-agafe ndị nche nọ n'ọnụ ụzọ iji nye arịrịọ ha n'èzí ọnụ ụzọ ndị minista.<ref name="Women">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xX-vhZQ1QpIC&q=sophie+williams|title=Women and Resistance in South Africa|author=Walker|first=Cherryl|date=1991|publisher=New Africa Books|isbn=9780864861702|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe e weputara Iwu Ndị Na-acha Ọcha, ndị Coloured People's Congress kenyere Williams-De Bruyn ka ya na Shulamith Muller rụọ ọrụ n'okwu metụtara iwu.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1963, a manyere di ya ịgba ọsọ ndụ na Lusaka, Zambia ebe a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke Kọmitii ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mpaghara nke ANC.<ref name="Benny">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bennynato-onlus.org/henry-benny-nato-de-bruyn-2/|title=Henry Benny Nato De Bruyn – Centro Benny Nato Onlus|work=www.bennynato-onlus.org|language=it-IT|accessdate=2018-05-23|archivedate=2021-01-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122185220/http://www.bennynato-onlus.org/henry-benny-nato-de-bruyn-2/}}</ref> Ọ sonyeere ya afọ isii ka e mesịrị wee gaa n'ihu mezue ọmụmụ ya wee nweta diplọma onye nkuzi ya n'afọ 1977, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkwa maka ANC na Lusaka.<ref name="Benny" /> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere ndị otu agụmakwụkwọ nke ANC guzobere n'afọ 1980. Kansụl ahụ setịpụrụ usoro mmụta maka Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College. E guzobere kọleji ahụ n'afọ 1978 site n'aka ndị African National Congress (ANC) na Mazimbu, [[Tanzania]]. Ya na di ya laghachiri South Africa mgbe a machibidoro ANC iwu. Di ya jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya South Africa na Jọdan ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1999.<ref name="Kathrada" /><cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''www.kathradafoundation.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Benny" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''www.bennynato-onlus.org'' (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)]]</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu Commission of Gender Equality tupu ọ banye na Gauteng Legislature n'afọ 2004 wee bụrụ osote ọkà okwu ya site n'afọ 2005 ruo afọ 2009, tupu ọ kwaga na ụlọ omebe iwu mba.<ref name="Kathrada" /> Ọ bụ onye omeiwu mpaghara ugbu a na Gauteng Province maka ANC.<ref name=":0" /> == Ebenside == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] q3zo7mlm5eia06z0yo08v49qz8spax0 Agbakwunyere ihe ọkụkụ 0 25811 696880 184485 2026-08-05T09:58:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Otu ụzọ e si amata ikuku ikuku griin haus (GHG) bụ iji tụọ ihe agbakwunyere nke ngwaahịa a na-eri (a na-akpọkwa ya dị ka “ ihe nwuru anwu ”,“ carbon embodied carbon ihe ndi ozo ”, ma ọ bụ “carbon embodied”).  Nke a dị iche na ajụjụ nke ruo n'ókè atumatu nke otu obodo iji belata ikuku ikuku na-emetụta ikuku ikuku na mba ndị ọzọ ("spillover effect" na "carbon leakage" nke amụma mbelata ikuku).  UNFCCC na-eji ihe na-ekupụta ikuku dị ka mmepụta si dị, karịa oriri.  N'ihi nke a, a na-ekwu na ọ bụ mbupu, karịa mba mbubata, a na-ekwu na ikuku agbakwunyere na ngwa ahịa ebubata.  Ajụjụ maka ma a ga-atụle ihe ọkụkụ na mmepụta kama oriri bụ akụkụ nke nha nha nha, ya bụ, onye na-ahụ maka ikuku. Ndị otu iri atọ na asaa edepụtara na Ndepụta B na Kyoto Protocol ekwekọrịtala na iwu na-ejikọta nkwekọrịta mbelata ikuku. N'okpuru ndekọ [[Ọgbakọ Otú United Nations Fremewok maka Ngbanwe Iru igwe|UNFCCC]] nke ikuku, nkwa ha na-ebelata ikuku anaghị agụnye ikuku nke sitere na mbubata ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4542104.stm|work=BBC News|date=December 19, 2005|title=Trade can 'export' CO<sub>2</sub> emissions|author=Black, R.|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ ozi, Wang na Watson (2007) jụrụ ajụjụ ahụ, "onye nwe ikuku carbon nke China?".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/content/who-owns-chinas-carbon-emissions|author=Wang, T. and J. Watson|title=Who Owns China's Carbon Emissions? Tyndall Centre Briefing Note No. 23|date=October 2007|publisher=[[Tyndall Centre]] website|accessdate=2010-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202043318/http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/content/who-owns-chinas-carbon-emissions|archivedate=2017-02-02}}</ref> N'ọmụmụ ihe ha, ha tụrụ aro na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ikuku CO2 nke China nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mmepụta ngwaahịa ya maka mbupụ, ọkachasị na US kamakwa na Europe. Dabere na nke a, ha tụrụ aro na mkparịta ụka mba ụwa dabere na ikuku na-abanye n'ime mba (ya bụ, ikuku na-atụle site na mmepụta) nwere ike ịbụ "[na-efu] isi ihe ahụ". Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-akwado na, n'afọ 2004, pasent iri abụọ na atọ nke ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ etinyela na ngwongwo ndị a na-ere ahịa na mba ụwa, ọtụtụ n'ime ha si China na mba ndị ọzọ na-emepe emepe, dị ka Russia na South Africa, gaa US, Europe na Japan. A na-etinye steeti ndị a n'ime otu iri, yana Middle East, nke mejupụtara 71% nke ọdịiche zuru oke na ikuku mpaghara. N'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe, ọdịiche dị na mbubata na mbupụ nke ikuku na-apụta ìhè karịsịa, na ikuku na-ebubata na-eme ka 20-50% nke ikuku na'efu. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ikuku a na-ebufe n'etiti steeti ndị a dị na ahia nke igwe, ngwá electronic, kemịkal, rọba na plastik.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Consumption-based Accounting of {{CO2}} Emissions|author=Davis, S.K. and K. Caldeira|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|date=March 2010|volume=107|issue=12|pages=5687–92|doi=10.1073/pnas.0906974107|pmid=20212122}}</ref> Nnyocha nke Carbon Trust na 2011 kpughere na ihe dịka 25% nke CO2 niile sitere na ọrụ mmadụ 'na-aga' (ya bụ, a na-ebubata ma ọ bụ na-ebupụ) site n'otu mba gaa na nke ọzọ. A chọpụtara na carbon na-agafe bụ ihe dịka 50% nke ikuku na-emetụta azụmahịa na ngwaahịa dịka ígwè, simenti, na kemịkal, na 50% na ngwaahịa ndị a na-emecha / rụcha dịka ụgbọala, uwe ma ọ bụ igwe na ngwá ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.carbontrust.com/resources/reports/advice/international-carbon-flows|title=International Carbon Flows|publisher=Carbon Trust|date=May 2011|accessdate=12 November 2012|archivedate=1 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801094102/https://www.carbontrust.com/resources/reports/advice/international-carbon-flows/}}</ref> == Carbon dị n'ime ụlọ == A na-eme atụmatụ na carbon nke ụlọ na-agụnye 11% nke ikuku carbon zuru ụwa ọnụ na 75% nke ikuku nke ụlọ n'oge ndụ ya niile.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Berg|first=Nate|date=2021-02-04|title=Energy efficiency is no longer enough. This is the next big challenge for green building|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90601015/energy-efficiency-is-no-longer-enough-this-is-the-next-big-challenge-for-green-building|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=Fast Company|language=en-US}}</ref> World Green Building Council setịpụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka ụlọ ọhụrụ niile ka ha nwee ọ dịkarịa ala 40% carbon na-erughị.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Rubidge|first=Lloyd|date=2020-10-28|title=Embodied Carbon: An Architect's View|url=https://positive-impact.africa/embodied-carbon-an-architects-view/|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=+IMPACT Magazine|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Nnyocha ndụ maka carbon a na-etinye n'ime ya na-agbakọ carbon eji eme ihe n'oge ọ bụla nke ndụ ụlọ: iwu, iji ya na mmezi, na ịkwatu ma ọ bụ ịkpụkọta ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Westwood|first=Tom|date=2021-08-06|title=Why Embodied Energy is the Elephant in the Room|url=https://www.bristolhousingfestival.org.uk/blog/embodied-carbon|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=Bristol Housing Festival|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812165535/https://www.bristolhousingfestival.org.uk/blog/embodied-carbon}}</ref> Iji ya eme ihe ọzọ bụ ihe dị mkpa mgbe ị na-ekwu maka carbon a na-etinye n'ime ụlọ. A maara onye na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ Carl Elefante maka ịmepụta ahịrịokwu ahụ, "Ụlọ kachasị ahịhịa ndụ bụ ụlọ e wurula. "<ref>{{Cite web|title=Embodied Carbon in Buildings conference speakers|url=https://www.architects.org/embodied-carbon-in-buildings-conference/embodied-carbon-in-buildings-conference-speakers?token=BNFByUeXeuJHhwoyKtg6cwboc08GDdKb|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=Boston Society for Architecture|language=en|archivedate=2021-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812154107/https://www.architects.org/embodied-carbon-in-buildings-conference/embodied-carbon-in-buildings-conference-speakers?token=BNFByUeXeuJHhwoyKtg6cwboc08GDdKb}}</ref> Ihe kpatara na ụlọ ndị dị ugbu a na-adịkarị mma karịa ụlọ ọhụrụ bụ na ọnụọgụ nke ikuku carbon nke na-eme n'oge owuwu nke ụlọ ọhụrụ buru ibu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ikuku na-arụ ọrụ kwa afọ nke ụlọ ahụ, ọkachasị ka ọrụ na-aghọwanye ike na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-agafe na mmepụta ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Architecture 2030|title=New Buildings: Embodied Carbon|url=https://architecture2030.org/new-buildings-embodied/|accessdate=2021-08-12|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> E wezụga iji ya eme ihe ọzọ, e nwere ebe abụọ dị mkpa iji belata carbon a na-etinye n'ime ụlọ. Nke mbụ bụ iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe owuwu ('ihe owuwu') ebe nke abụọ bụ dochie anya ihe ndị ọzọ dị ala. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, ebe mbelata nke carbon a na-etinye n'ime ha bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ a na-ekwu maka ha abụọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-achọta ihe kachasị mkpa maka mbelata nke ihe owuwu na nhazi nhazi, ebe ihe ndị dị ka mbelata beam ma ọ bụ slab span (na mmụba metụtara ya na njupụta kọlụm) nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nchekwa carbon.<ref>{{Cite web|authorlink=Buro Happold|title=Embodied Carbon Sensitivity Study|url=https://www.istructe.org/IStructE/media/Public/Resources/case-study-embodied-carbon-routes-to-reduction-20200406.pdf}}</ref> Iji nyere aka dochie ihe (nke nwere obere carbon), ndị na-emepụta ihe dịka ígwè re-bar, glulam, na ihe a na-akpụ akpụ na-enyekarị nkwupụta ngwaahịa gburugburu ebe obibi (EPD) nke na-egosi mmetụta carbon yana mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ngwaahịa ha.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-05-15|title=Embodied Energy and Carbon|url=https://www.ice.org.uk/knowledge-and-resources/briefing-sheet/embodied-energy-and-carbon|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE)|language=en}}</ref> Mbelata ojiji nke ihe ndị nwere carbon siri ike nwere ike ịpụta ịhọrọ ụdị carbon dị ala nke ngwaahịa iko na ígwè, na ngwaahịa ndị arụpụtara site na iji isi mmalite ike dị ala. Enwere ike ibelata carbon dị n'ime ụlọ site na iji ihe ndị ọzọ dị na Portland cement dị ka Ground granulated blast-furnace slag, recycled aggregates na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Carbon-neutral, [[Carbon dị mma|carbon positive]], na carbon-storing materials gụnyere ihe ndị sitere na ndụ dị ka osisi, bamboo, hemp fiber na hempcrete, ajị anụ, dense-pack cellulose insulation, na cork.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Varriale|first=Fabrizio|date=2021-05-27|title=The other side of the coin: Understanding embodied carbon|url=https://www.rics.org/en-hk/wbef/megatrends/natural-environment/the-other-side-of-the-coin-understanding-embodiehttps://www.rics.org/en-hk/wbef/megatrends/natural-environment/the-other-side-of-the-coin-understanding-embodied-carbon/d-carbon/|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=RICS World Built Environment Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Knopps|first=Abigail|title=Carbon-Positive Materials: No Longer Far-Fetched, Increasingly Available – My amast|url=https://amast.com/elementor-32898/|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=AMAST|date=14 December 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Pak|first=Anthony|date=2020-11-01|title=Embodied Carbon: Key Considerations for Key Materials|url=https://www.canadianarchitect.com/embodied-carbon-key-considerations-for-key-materials/|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=Canadian Architect|language=en-US}}</ref> Nnyocha nke 2021 lekwasịrị anya na "ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ nke carbon (dịka, ntọala simenti na ala slab, elu ụlọ na mgbidi, na nhazi ihe owuwu) na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị mfe" mere atụmatụ na "ebelata sizable (~ 60%) na carbon a na-etinye n'ime afọ abụọ ruo atọ site n'iweta ihe ndị dị ala carbon dị mfe iji mee ihe n'ụzọ sara mbara.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kriegh|first=Julie|date=2021-02-17|title=Carbon-Storing Materials: Summary Report|url=https://carbonleadershipforum.org/carbon-storing-materials/|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=Carbon Leadership Forum|language=en-US}}</ref> == Iwu na iwu carbon a na-etinye n'ime ya == [[Usòrò:Different_views_on_a_ban_for_products_that_emit_more_greenhouse_gases._More_specifically,_concerning_consumption,_which_two_actions_should_be_prioritised_to_combat_climate_change%3F.svg|thumb|Echiche dị iche iche banyere mmachibido iwu maka ngwaahịa ndị na-ewepụta gas na EU, China na US n'etiti ndị zaghachiri na 202021 European Investment Bank Climate Survey]] Iwu, ụkpụrụ, na ụkpụrụ dịgasị iche iche dị n'ụwa niile gbasara carbon a na-etinye n'ime ya, dị ka American Institute of Architects si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|author=[[American Institute of Architects]]|date=2020-01-15|title=Policies for Embodied Carbon: An International Snapshot|url=https://www.architectmagazine.com/practice/policies-for-embodied-carbon-an-international-snapshot_o|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=[[Architect Magazine]]}}</ref> Steeti asatọ webatara iwu ịzụta ihe metụtara carbon na 2021: [[Washington (nkeji obodo)|Washington]], [[Oregon]], [[California]], [[Colorado]], [[Minésótạ|Minnesota]], [[Kónétíkùt|Connecticut]], [[Nú Yọk|New York]], na [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lewis|first=Meghan|date=2021-07-10|title=States Act to Reduce Embodied Carbon in Public Procurement|url=https://carbonleadershipforum.org/states-act-to-reduce-embodied-carbon/|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=Carbon Leadership Forum|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812154105/https://carbonleadershipforum.org/states-act-to-reduce-embodied-carbon/}}</ref> Na Colorado, HB21-1303: Global Warming Potential for Public Project Materials (nke a maara nke ọma dị ka 意Buy Clean Colorado) ka a bịanyere aka n'iwu na July 6, 2021. Iwu ahụ na-eji nkwupụta ngwaahịa gburugburu ebe obibi (EPDs) iji nyere aka mee ka ojiji nke ihe ndị dị ala-carbon.<ref>{{Cite web|author=[[Rocky Mountain Institute]]|date=2021-07-22|title=Colorado Passes Embodied Carbon Legislation — The Most Important Climate Solution You've Never Heard of|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2021/07/22/colorado-passes-embodied-carbon-legislation-the-most-important-climate-solution-youve-never-heard-of/|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=[[CleanTechnica]]|language=en-US}}</ref> "Na Europe, a kpaara ikuku carbon na [[Netherlands]] kemgbe 2018, a na-eme atụmatụ na nke a ga-eme na [[Denmark]], [[Sweden]], [[France]] na [[Finland]] n'etiti 2023 na 2027."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Arnold|first=Will|date=2021-07-23|title=We need a Part Z to regulate embodied carbon|url=https://www.building.co.uk/comment/we-need-a-part-z-to-regulate-embodied-carbon/5112954.article|accessdate=2021-08-12|work=Building|language=en}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Mgbasa ozi na-apụta na azụmaahịa mba ụwa * Ike dị n'ime == Ihe odide == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * Ihe onwunwe: Carbon a na-etinye n'ime ụlọ, Boston Society for Architecture * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230426011434/https://www.aia.org/articles/70446-ten-steps-to-reducing-embodied-carbon Nzọụkwụ Iri Na-aga N'ihu Na-ebelata Carbon Embodied], The American Institute of Architects * [https://carbon-positive.org/sessions/ Carbon Positive Reset! 1.5° C 2020 Teach-In] * [https://materialspalette.org/ Carbon Smart Materials Palette] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] s329fewrtmt65frspzbluxfpi617xg6 Ugbo elu Antinea 0 27395 696848 114201 2026-08-04T20:12:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  Ugbo elu Antinea bụ ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu na-ebu ndị njem na ibu nke dị na Algiers Houari Boumedienne Airport, [[Algeria]] nke tọrọ ntọala na June 1999.. Ejikọtara ụgbọ elu ahụ na [[Khalifa Airways]] na 2001, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwụsịrị ịdị na 2003.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525050225/http://www.airlineupdate.com/content_public/airlines/africa/algeria.htm "Airlines in Algeria."] [http://www.airlineupdate.com Airlineupdate.com]. Accessed July 2011.</ref> == Hụ ihe nile == * Ndepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu nke Algeria == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030205021326/http://www.antineaairlines-dz.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] (echekwara) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111017012057/http://timetableimages.com/ttimages/ho2.htm Oge ụgbọelu Antinea] bt71a6ap0gswtc6jrodp04m7wrpm35x Ịgụ na ide egwu 0 32596 696862 135859 2026-08-05T01:48:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696862 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ịgụ na ide egwu''' bụ ịgụ, ide, na ịkpọ egwu, yana nghọta nke omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. A na-ekwukarị banyere ịgụ na ide egwu na agụmakwụkwọ egwu na mmekọrịta na ihe kpatara ya, agbanyeghị na ha abụghị okwu a na-agbanwe agbanwe dịka ịgụ na ide zuru oke na-emetụtakwa nghọta nke omume dịgasị iche iche metụtara ịkụzi nkuzi egwu na mmetụta ya na ịgụ na ide. Ọbụna mgbe ahụ, e nwere ndị na-arụ ụka megide njikọ mmekọrịta na njikọ dị n'etiti agụmakwụkwọ egwu na ịgụ na ide, kama na-akwado mmekọrịta mmekọrịta dị n'agbata njirimara mmekọrịta na ụdị egwu. <ref>Swanwick, 1999, as cited in Csikos & Dohany, 2016, p.6</ref>"Nkwurịta okwu egwu, dị ka nke okwu, ga-etinye n'ọnọdụ ziri ezi site n'aka ndị na-anabata ma ọ bụrụ na ihe ha pụtara ga-abịa n'ụzọ a na-amaghị ama" nke bụ ihe mere mmetụta ''nkuzi'' nke ịkụzi onye ọ bụla ka ọ bụrụ onye gụrụ egwú nwere ike ịgbagwoju anya na 'agụ egwú' n'onwe ya.<ref>Levinson, 1990, p.24</ref> 'Ịgụ na ide egwu' kwesịghị ịgbagwoju anya na 'Echiche egwu' ma ọ bụ 'musicology'. ''akụkụ'' abụọ a bụ akụkụ nke agụmakwụkwọ egwu nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụzọ isi nweta agụmakwụkwọ dị otú ahụ. Ọbụna mgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-arụrịta ụka banyere mkpa ihe mmụta ndị a dị na agụmakwụkwọ egwu. <ref>Levinson, 1990; Csapo, 2004; Waller, 2010; Hodges & Nolker, 2011; Burton, 2015; Mills & McPherson, 2015; Csikos & Dohany, 2016</ref>Okwu ahụ, 'egwu', bụ okwu dị iche nke dị iche na echiche nke 'ịgụ na ide egwu', dịka ụzọ onye na-agụ egwu si egosipụta mmetụta uche site na arụmọrụ anaghị egosi ikike ịgụ egwu ha.<ref>Wolf, 1976, as cited in Gudmundsdottir, 2010, p.4</ref> N'iburu n'uche na agụmakwụkwọ egwu na-agụnye usoro igwe na nkọwa (dị ka ịgụ, ide na igwu egwu) yana nghọta sara mbara nke ọdịbendị nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na nke oge a (ya bụ, ige ntị, igwu egwu, na ntụgharị egwu mgbe ị na-ege ntị na / ma ọ bụ na-egwu egwu), agụmakwụkwọ na mpaghara anya, ịgụ / ide, ịnụ ihe, na kinesthetic nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ọnụ iji nweta agụmakwụkwọ n'ozuzu. == G'Ịgụ na ide egwu": Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkọwa == Ịghọta ihe okwu ahụ, 'ịgụ na ide egwu', na-agụnye emeela ka oge na-aga ka ndị ọkà mmụta na-etinye oge na nyocha na arụmụka. Usoro iheomume dị mkpirikpi - dị ka Csikos & Dohany chịkọtara (2016) - dị ka ndị a: * "Dị ka Volger si kwuo (1973), ihe ndị bụ isi nke ihe egwu bụ "ịgụ na ide na ụda olu (ikike ịnụ na ịnụ egwu na ịnụ ihe mmadụ na-agụ ma na-ede n'ụdị ederede). "<ref>Csikos & Dohany, 2016, p.5</ref> * "N'ọrụ Lee na Downie (2004), ịgụ na ide egwu na-ezo aka na nkà egwu bụ isi, ya bụ ịgụ egwu egwu".<ref>Csikos & Dohany, 2016, p.2</ref> * Herbst, de Wet & Rijsdijk (2005) na-arụrịta ụka banyere "ibu ma ọ bụ mkpa nke ederede (dị iche na okwu ma ọ bụ ngwá egwu) ịgụ na ide [n'etiti ndị nkuzi egwu]".<ref>Csikos & Dohany, 2016, p.3</ref> * "Dị ka Telfer si kwuo (dị ka e depụtara na Bartel, 2006), nkọwa nke ịgụ na ide egwu agbanweela site n'ịgụ ụda na ụda gaa n'ịgbasa 'ihe egwu pụtara'".<ref>Csikos & Dohany, 2016, p.2</ref> * "N'ọhịa nke agụmakwụkwọ egwu, [Hungarian National Core Curriculum] (2012) nyere iwu ihe dị iche iche nke ịgụ na ide egwu dịka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu na echiche egwu".<ref>Csikos & Dohany, 2016, p.5</ref> * "The New National Standards for Music Educators (Shuler, Norgaard & Blakeslee, 2014) jiri okwu ahụ bụ ịgụ na ide n'ụzọ sara mbara; ma e wezụga ịgụnye ebumnuche mmụta ọdịnala dị ka ịgụ na ide akara egwu, ọ gụnyekwara mmepe nke ihe a na-akpọ ịgụ na ide nka".<ref>Csikos & Dohany, 2016, p.2</ref> * Maka Csikos & Dohany (2016), "okwu ahụ bụ ịgụ na ide egwu na-ezo aka na usoro ihe ọmụma nke ọdịbendị na egwu na ikike egwu. Nnyocha nke ihe dị mgbagwoju anya dị otú ahụ chọrọ ụzọ dịgasị iche iche gbasara ihe na otu esi enyocha (a) ihe ọmụma eziokwu na ikike egwu dịka ndị ọkachamara n'ọhịa ahụ si kọwaa, [na] (b) ihe ọmụma ndị a na-ekpebi site na mkpa ọha na eze".<ref>Csikos & Dohany, 2016, p.3</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta dị ka Waller (2010) na-enyochawanye ọdịiche dị n'etiti uru mmekọrịta nke usoro igwe dị iche iche, na-ekwu na "ịgụ na ide bụ usoro dị mkpa n'otu oge". <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Waller|first=D|date=2010|title=Language Literacy and Music Literacy|journal=Philosophy of Music Education Review|volume=18|issue=1|pages=26–44|doi=10.2979/pme.2010.18.1.26}}</ref><ref>Burton, 2015, p.9</ref>Ahụmahụ nke ịmụta otu esi "gụọ ide na ide ide ka ịgụ" na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ ohere ịghọ ma onye na-azụ ahịa ma onye na'emepụta ebe "e weghachiri ha egwu iji guzobe echiche egwu nke ha dị ka ndị sonyere na mmepe egwu ha".<ref>Waller, 2010, as cited in Burton, 2015, p.9</ref><ref>Burton, 2015, p.9</ref> == Ụzọ e si amụ ihe == Enwere ike ịkụziri ihe ndị metụtara nkà na ụzụ na eziokwu nke agụmakwụkwọ na gburugburu agụmakwụkwọ site na 'echiche egwu' na 'musicology' iji jiri "ụfọdụ akụkụ nke ozi akọwapụtara... [iji] mee ka usoro nghọta ziri ezi na usoro nkọwa". <ref>Levinson, 1990, p.26</ref>Ụdị nkọwa nke nkuzi otu esi agụ ma dee ọkọlọtọ ọdịda ''anya'' (ya bụ, echiche egwu), na ịgụ banyere mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke edere egwu ahụ yana ụzọ e si eme ya (ya bụ musicology), mejupụtara ụzọ anya na ''ịgụ / ide'' iji mụta ihe. <ref>Levinson, 1990; Burton, 2015</ref><ref>Csapo, 2004; Levinson, 1990; Csikos & Dohany, 2016</ref>Ọ bụ ezie na "ihe ọmụma eziokwu na ikike... na-emepe n'ọdịbendị n'ime ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya", a na-ejikwa ihe ịrịba ama na akara na egwu e biri ebi maka 'mmekọrịta ihe nnọchianya' "nke na-enyere [onye na-agụ egwú] aka ịghọta okwu [egwu sara mbara]". <ref>Csikos & Dohany, 2016, p.3</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Blumer|first=H|date=1986|title=Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method}}</ref><ref>Levinson, 1990, p.18</ref>Asmus Jr. (2004) na-atụ aro na "ọtụtụ ndị nkụzi ga-ekwenye na... ikike ịme ihe site na akara egwu dị mkpa"; na naanị ụzọ ị ga-esi bụrụ "onye na-agụ egwu ka mma... bụ ịgụ egwu". Mmụta ịnụ ihe bụ otu ihe ahụ - ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị karịa (dị ka Herbst, de Wet & Rijsdijk, 2005) kwuru - dị mkpa, Otú ọ dị, dị ka "ọ bụghị 'extramusical' ma ọ bụ 'purely music' ọdịnaya nke [ihe ọ bụla nke] egwu nwere ike ịbịakwute onye na-ege ntị nke na-eweta ihe ọ bụla na ya site na ahụmịhe [ha] gara aga nke egwu metụtara ya na ụwa". <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Herbst|first=A|date=2005|title=A survey of music education in the primary schools of South Africa's Cape Peninsula|journal=Journal of Research in Music Education|volume=53|issue=3|pages=260–283|doi=10.1177/002242940505300307}}</ref><ref>Levinson, 1990, p.23</ref>Ige ntị bụ "site na site na ọnọdụ: maka egwu a ga-anụ ma ọ bụ nwee ahụmịhe... bụ maka ya ka ọ nwere njikọ - weta ya n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na - ụkpụrụ, ụkpụrụ, ihe omume, eziokwu, na-edina n'èzí egwu ahụ n'onwe ya". <ref>Gombrich, 1963; Wollheim, 1968, 1980; Goodman, 1968; Walton, 1970; Sagoff, 1978; Pettit in Schaper, 1983</ref>Mmụta na-elekwasị anya na-ege ntị na-akụzi ige ntị zuru oke na nghọta ntị megide "ihe ndabere nke ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ metụtara ụdị, ụdị, na oge, na usoro ihe odide nke ọ bụla". <ref>Meyer, 1956; Meyer, 1967</ref>Nke a na-eme ka "mmetụta kwesịrị ekwesị na ndebanye aha n'usoro nke ''nrụgide na ntọhapụ'', ma ọ bụ ''atụmanya na mmezu'', ma ọ bụrụ ihe na mmezu n'oge egwu ahụ". <ref>Levinson, 1990, p.20</ref>Ọ bụ na ngalaba a ka agụmakwụkwọ klas nkịtị na-emekarị ka onye ahụ ghara inweta agụmakwụkwọ zuru oke n'ihi na ọ bụghị naanị na "ndị nchọpụta... kwuru na ụmụaka na-abịa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ enweghị ahụmịhe ịnụ ihe na egwu ruo n'ókè ha nwere na asụsụ", mana "nchegbu onwe ha n'ịgụ [ma yabụ enweghị ige ntị] egbochiwo ọganihu nke ọtụtụ ndị mmụta, ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ha kwụsị kpamkpam. <ref>Burton, 2015, p.4</ref><ref>McPherson, 1993, 2005; Mills, 1991b,c, 2005; Priest, 1989; Schenck, 1989; as cited in Mills & McPherson, 2015, p.189</ref>Ọ bụ n'ihe banyere nke a na ịgụ na ide egwu na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya na agụmakwụkwọ egwu dịka - mgbe ọ na-emetụta nsonaazụ nke ịgụ na ide nke mmadụ - akọwaghị ya site Nuna ogo agụmakwụkwọ. Ọzọkwa, akụkụ kinesthetic nke agụmakwụkwọ egwu na-arụ ọrụ na mmezu nke ịgụ na ide egwu, dịka "mmekọrịta mmadụ na-emetụta site na iji akara, site na ntụgharị, [na] site na ịchọpụta ihe omume nke ibe ya pụtara". <ref>Blumer, 1986, p.79, as cited in Burton, 2015</ref>"Ụzọ dị iche iche mmetụta mmadụ si egosipụta onwe ha n'omume na nguzo... usoro nke njikọ ọdịbendị nke ụfọdụ rhythms, motifs, timbres, na ngwá egwu... [na] akụkụ nke ndụ, ọrụ, na ọnọdụ nke onye na-ede egwu" na-emepụta ma nghọta onye na-agụ egwú banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ ahụ, yana ihe ọ bụla ọhụrụ jikọtara ya site na nhazi ya na ntọala egwu na omume ha nke oge a.&nbsp;<ref>Levinson, 1990, p.23</ref> Akụkụ ndị a nke mmepe agụmakwụkwọ egwu na-agbakọta n'ime usoro agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche nke na-abịaru ụdị anya, ịnụ ihe, ịgụ / ide ihe, na mmụta kinesthetic n'ụzọ dị iche iche. N'ụzọ dị mwute, "ịgụ egwú nke ọma bụ ikike a na-adịghị ahụkebe na... ọdịbendị ọdịda anyanwụ" dịka "ọtụtụ ụmụaka na-ada site n'ụzọ a na-akụziri ha ịgụ egwú". <ref>Green, 2002, as cited in Gudmundsdottir, 2010, p.1</ref><ref>Mills & McPherson, 2006, as cited in Gudmundsdottir, 2010, p.1</ref>N'ihi nke a, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-arụrịta ụka banyere ụzọ kachasị mma iji bịaruo nkuzi egwu. == Nkụzi nkuzi == Maka ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta, inweta nkà ịnụ ihe tupu ị mụta mgbakọ nke egwu mbipụta - usoro 'ụda tupu akara' - na-eje ozi dị ka "ntọala maka ime ka ihe egwu pụtara". <ref>McPherson & Gabrielsson, 2002; Mills & McPherson, 2006; Gordon, 2012; Mills & McPherson, 2015</ref><ref>Burton, 2015, pp.1-2</ref>Dị nnọọ ka usoro nkuzi na mmepe asụsụ, Mills & McPherson (2015) na-ekwu na "ụmụaka kwesịrị ịghọ ndị nwere ikike n'asụsụ a na-ekwu okwu [ya bụ. nkà ịnụ ihe] tupu ha ejide asụsụ a na-ede ede [ya bụ, nkà ịhụ ihe / ederede]". Maka ndị ọzọ, ha na-achọta usoro 'asụsụ na okwu' dị irè karị, mana ọ bụ naanị "mgbe e guzobere usoro na okwu nke asụsụ ahụ". <ref>Cooper, 2003, as cited in Mills & McPherson, 2015, p.177</ref>Gundmundsdottir na-atụ aro na "afọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ kwesịrị ịtụle mgbe ị na-ahọrọ usoro maka nkuzi" n'ihi mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ụbụrụ na-eto eto. Nnyocha n'ime ubi nke Gudmundsdottir chịkọtara na isiokwu a na-ekwu na: * "Ụzọ ndị na-eji mkpịsị ụkwụ eme ihe iji gosi ụda ahụ ma gụọ ma ọ bụ ịkụ aka nwere ike ịdị irè nke ukwuu na ụmụaka na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma (Boyle 1970; Salzberg na Wang 1989) ebe otu usoro ahụ gosipụtara na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ ma na-adọpụ uche na ndị nọ na klas nke atọ na nke anọ (Palmer 1976; Salzberg and Wang 1989) "; na, * "Ụzọ ndị na-eji akara okwu amata ma mepụta usoro ụda yiri ka ọ dị irè ma dabara adaba maka ndị nọ na klas nke atọ na nke anọ (Bebeau 1982; Palmer 1976; Shehan 1987) yana maka ndị nọ n'ọkwa nke isii (Shehan, 1987)." Ọzọkwa, Mills & McPherson kwubiri na: * "Nchịkwa n'ozuzu nke McPherson na Gabrielsson (2002) tụrụ aro ya bụ maka ụmụaka ịmụta ịgụ ihe ha maara site na ntị, tupu ihe ha amaghị nke chọrọ ọkwa nhazi dị mgbagwoju anya. " Burton chọpụtara "ntụziaka na-adabere na egwuregwu... arịrịọ[ed] n'ụzọ okike ụmụaka na-amụta[ed]", nakwa na usoro nke ịmụta otu esi agụ, dee, na igwu egwu / kwuo okwu na-adaba na usoro mmụta asụsụ. <ref>Burton, 2011; Gordon, 2012; Gruhn, 2002; Pinzino, 2007; Reynolds, Long & Valerio, 2007</ref>Ịmepụta ụzọ maka ike nke ụmụaka mgbe ị na-eji usoro echiche nke klas ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ iji zụlite nghọta ha banyere egwu mbipụta yiri ka ọ na-eme ka akụkụ niile nke mmepe ụbụrụ baa ọgaranya. N'ihi ya, Koopman (1996) nwere echiche na "[n'onwe] ahụmịhe egwu bara ọgaranya na-akwado nkuzi egwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ". Stewart, Walsh & Frith (2004) na-ekwu na "ịgụ egwu bụ usoro na-akpaghị aka na ndị egwu a zụrụ azụ" ebe ọsọ nke ozi na nhazi uche na-ewere ọnọdụ na ọkwa dị elu (Kopiez, Weihs, Ligges & Lee, 2006). Koodu nke ozi anya, nzaghachi mmegharị, na njikọta anya na-eme ọtụtụ usoro na-eme ma dabere na ibe ha; ọ bụ ezie na "ikike igwu egwu site na ntị nwere ike ịnwe njikọ dị mma na ikike ịgụ egwu", ọmụmụ na-egosikwa na a na-ahụ echiche nke ụda na oge iche.<ref>Luce, 1965; Mishra, 1998</ref><ref>Schön & Besson, 2002; Waters, Townsend & Underwood, 1998</ref> Mmepe nke njirimara ụda na-adịgasị iche n'ime onwe ya dabere na ọnọdụ nke egwu na nkà igwe nke ngwá ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ nwere ike ịchọ. Gudmundsdottir na-ezo aka na Fine, Berry & Rosner mgbe ọ na-ekwu na "ịgụ egwu nke ọma na ngwá egwú anaghị achọ ihe nnọchianya dị n'ime dị ka ịbụ abụ anya na-eme" na nka n'otu mpaghara anaghị ekwe nkwa nkà na nke ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fine|first=P|date=2006|title=The effect of pattern recognition and tonal predictability on sight-singing ability|journal=Psychology of Music|volume=34|issue=4|pages=431–447|doi=10.1177/0305735606067152}}</ref><ref>Gudmundsdottir, H. R. (2010), "Advances in music-reading research", ''Music Education Research'', ResearchGate, '''12'''(4): 2, [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:10.1080/14613808.2010.504809</ref>Ikike ijikọ ụda nke ihe edeturu na ihe edetutu ya bụ isi nkuku n'ime ndị na-agụ egwú mepere emepe ma na-enye ha ohere 'ịgụ n'ihu' mgbe 'na-agụ' otu ihe n'ihi ncheta dị otú ahụ. <ref>McPherson, 1993, 1994b, 2005; Schleuter, 1997</ref><ref>Mills & McPherson, 2015, p.181</ref>Ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-eto eto - ma ọ bụ, "ndị na-akwagharị bọtịnụ" - na-adabere n'ụzọ dị iche na usoro anya nke ịgụ na ide nke egwu [ya bụ, "na-aga kpọmkwem site na onyinyo anya gaa na mkpịsị aka achọrọ [na ngwá ọrụ]", karịa nghọta na-anụ / ọdịbendị (ya bụ ''otu esi eme'' ntị ma kọwaa egwu na mgbakwunye na usoro igwe). <ref>Schleuter, 1997</ref><ref>Mills & McPherson, 2015, p.181</ref>Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-agụ egwú na ndị na - ndị na-amaghị akwụkwọ nwere ike ịnwe ike ịmata otu ihe edeturu, "ndị ọkachamara na-eme nke ọma karịa ndị ọhụrụ na ikike ha ịmata otu ìgwè dị ka otu ụda ma ọ bụ ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀... ma sụgharịa ihe ọmụma ahụ ozugbo n'ime mmepụta ihe".<ref>Gudmundsdottir, 2010, p.6</ref> N'ụzọ dị iche, "mmepụta rhythm siri ike [n'ụwa niile] na-enweghị koodu ịnụ ihe" dịka ndị egwu niile "na-adabere na nnọchite anya uche nke mita egwu [na ihe omume oge] ka ha na-eme". <ref>Dodson, 1983, p.4</ref><ref>Palmer & Krumhansl, 1990; Sloboda, 1983; as cited in Gudmundsdottir, 2010, p.9</ref>N'ihe gbasara ịgụ na ide egwu na klas ụlọ akwụkwọ, Burton hụrụ na "[ụmụ akwụkwọ] na-eme ka ha nwee mmetụta nke rhythm na mbipụta" ma ga-edozi onwe ha mgbe ha ghọtara na nghọta ha banyere usoro rhythmic adabaghị na ihe ha dere na ihe odide ahụ. <ref>Burton, 2015, pp.6-7</ref><ref>Burton, 2015, p.6</ref>Shehan (1987) na-ekwu na usoro ịga nke ọma maka ịkụzi rhythm - dị ka pitch - na-erite uru site na nkuzi nke ịgụ na ide asụsụ, dị ka "usoro ederede... jikọtara ya na akara ntị n'ụdị okwu... [na-emekarị] ka ọ bụrụ usoro ịga nke ahụ maka ịkụzi ịgụ rhythm".<ref>''As cited in'' Gudmundsdottir, 2010, p.10</ref><ref>Gudmundsdottir, 2010, p.10</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta, Mills & McPherson, chọpụtara ọkwa nke mmepe n'ịgụ akara egwu ma na-atụ aro ijikọta usoro nkuzi na ọkwa nke kachasị mma site na mmepe / afọ nke nwa akwụkwọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgba ndị na-eto eto ume ka ha mepụta ihe ngosi nke ihe ha maara site na ịnụ ihe na-enye ha "mmata nke ga-eme ka ọganihu ha dịkwuo elu iji ghọta ihe mere akara ndị ọrụ ji dị ma na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ ọ na-eme". <ref>McPherson & Gabrielsson, 2002; Upitis, 1990, 1992; as cited in Mills & McPherson, 2015, p.180</ref>N'otu aka ahụ, maka ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ isii, ịsụgharị ihe ọmụma ntị nke abụ n'ime mkpịsị aka na ngwá ọrụ (ya bụ, mmụta kinesthetic) na-esetịpụ ntọala maka iwebata akara ngosi anya mgbe e mesịrị ma na-ejigide ihe 'na-atọ ụtọ' nke ịzụlite ịgụ na ide egwu.<ref>McPherson & Gabrielsson, 2002</ref> # "Ihe ndị dị na ya: akara ndị dị na ibe ahụ bụ ihe ndabere nke akara. Ihe ndị a na-agụnye ịmara ihe ndị dị na ahịrị na usoro nke akara egwu na ihe edeturu, na ihe ọmụma na ha bụ usoro na ihe bara uru. # Akwụkwọ ozi / ihe ngosi egwu na ihe ịrịba ama: Nkọwa na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ihe ndị na-enye ohere ka nwatakịrị gaa ma mata ihe nnọchianya ndị dị mkpa dị ka ihe odide ọ bụla, ihe ịrịbaanya dị mkpa, akara oge, akara dị ike, nkọ, flats, na ihe ndị ọzọ. # Syllables / intervals: Nnyocha nhazi nke usoro melodic na-agụnye ịmata mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ihe edeturu (dịka, oge). # Okwu / ìgwè: Mgbanwe site na ihe edeturu n'otu n'otu gaa n'ìgwè ihe edetutu na-eme site na nyocha nhazi nke oge ndị mejupụtara ya, ma ọ bụ site na nyocha anya nke echiche egwu dum (dịka, kọntaktị, akara). Nke a na-anọchite anya ọkwa mbụ nke ihe egwu pụtara; Otú ọ dị, na ọkwa a, ihe ndị a na-ejikọta na ụyọkọ ọ bụla na-agbanwe ma na-ekewapụ. # Ìgwè okwu / ihe kpatara ya ma ọ bụ ìgwè ndị na-ede ihe: Njikọ nke ụyọkọ na-emepụta ihe ma ọ bụ otu ìgwè, ọkwa nke ihe egwu pụtara nke kwekọrọ na ịghọta ahịrịokwu na ahịrịokwu ọ bụla n'ihe odide. Ndị a nwere ike ịdịgasị iche na ogologo dabere na ọrụ egwu ha. # Echiche / okwu egwu ma ọ bụ ihe oyiyi: Na egwu, a na-egosipụta echiche nke otu site na ijikọta ihe n'ime okwu egwu. # Echiche / echiche egwu bụ isi: Njikọ nke ahịrịokwu egwu na-ewepụta echiche egwu, nke ya na okwu nhazi ederede na iwulite echiche bụ isi site na paragraf. # Isiokwu / isiokwu egwu: Nghọta nke isiokwu egwu na-agụnye ịmanye mmetụta nke egwu na akara nke mere na a na-ewere okwu egwu na isiokwu ahụ karịa nkà na ụzụ iji tinye ọdịiche nke ụda, ọnọdụ, ike, na ihe ndị ọzọ n'ụzọ na-enye ohere maka nkọwa nke akara ahụ (Cantwell & Millard, 1994, peeji nke 47-9)." E nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche nke echiche / nkuzi nke na-asụgharị ụkpụrụ ndị a n'ime usoro nkuzi bara uru. Ebumnuche nke ọtụtụ usoro nkuzi nke na-anwa n'otu oge idozi "adịghị ike na nyocha nke na-ewere ikike ịgụ na ide egwu na nghọta egwu [ya bụ, ihe ọmụma ọdịbendị na akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ihe gbasara mmụta anya na nke ịnụ ihe] dị ka ngalaba mmepe. <ref>Burton, 2015, p.1</ref>Otu n'ime usoro nkuzi a a ma ama bụ 'Kodaly Method'. [[Usòrò:Teaching_rhythm_in_music_education.jpg|thumb]] [[Usòrò:Solfa.jpg|thumb]] [[Usòrò:Curwen_Hand_Signs_MT.jpg|thumb]] === Usoro Kodaly === Zoltán Kodály na-azọrọ na e nwere akụkụ anọ dị mkpa maka onye na-agụ egwú nke ga-etolite ma n'otu oge na n'otu ọnụego iji nweta ọgụgụ isi egwu; " (1) ntị a zụrụ nke ọma, (2) ọgụgụ isi a zụrụ azụ nke ọma, (3) obi a zụrụ zụrụ nke ukwuu (nghọta mara mma / mmetụta uche), na (4) aka a zụrụ (usoro) ". <ref>Bonis, 1974, p.197</ref>Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị nkuzi mbụ na-azọrọ na ịgụ na ide egwu gụnyere "ikike ịgụ na ide akara egwu na ịgụ akara na anya na-enweghị enyemaka nke ngwá egwu... [yana] ihe ọmụma mmadụ nwere banyere ekele maka ihe atụ na ụdị egwu dịgasị iche iche. "<ref>International Kodaly Society, 2014</ref> Usoro agụmakwụkwọ Kodály na-eji ihe sitere na asụsụ na usoro agụmakwụkwọ nke mmepe asụsụ iji kwado mbọ nkuzi na mpaghara mmepe agụmakwụkwọ. Na rhythm, Usoro Kodály na-enye 'aha' - nke sitere na [[Pierre Galin|Galin]]-Paris-Chevé_system" id="mwAQQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Galin-Paris-Chevé system">Usoro Galin-Paris-Chevé (usoro aha oge French) nke Galin, Paris na Chevé malitere - iji merie ụkpụrụ; na-ejikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụda na ederede na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụedemede na aha ya. N'otu aka ahụ na rhythm, usoro Kodaly na-eji mkpụrụedemede na-anọchite anya ụda nke ihe edeturu na ọkwa dị ka Ngwaọrụ mnemonic iji zụọ ndị na-agụ egwú. A natara usoro a site na nkuzi nke Guido d'Arezzo, onye mọnk nke narị afọ nke iri na otu, onye jiri ụda, 'Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, So, La' site na 'Hymn to St. John' (International Kodaly Society, 2014) dị ka nnọchiteanya syllabic nke pitch. Echiche dị na nkuzi Kodály nke oge a bụ na a na-enye ụda ọ bụla na-esote na ọkwa egwu otu nkeji:<blockquote>1          2          3          4          5          6          7          8/1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Doh Ray Me Fah Soh Lah Te Doh&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</blockquote>Enwere ike itinye nke a n'ọrụ na 'Absolute' (ma ọ bụ, 'Fixed-Doh") Form - nke a makwaara dị ka 'Solfege' - ma ọ bụ na 'Relative' (maọ bụ, 'Movable-Doh') Form - nke akpọrọ 'Solfa' - ebe 'Doh' na-amalite na pitch mbụ nke ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ahụ (ya bụ maka A Major, 'Doh" bụ 'A"; maka G Major, 'Soh' bụ 'G' bụ 'Doh', 'Major, 'E' bụ 'E' na ihe ndị ọzọ). Ọrụ Sarah Glover na (nke) John Curwen nọgidere na England niile na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu pụtara na 'Moveable-Doh' solfa ghọrọ "ngwá ọrụ nkuzi kachasị mma iji kụziere ndị na-agụ egwu ịgụ egwu". <ref>International Kodaly Society, 2014</ref>Na mgbakwunye na enyemaka na-anụ ihe na asụsụ nke mkpụrụedemede-na-pitch, John Curwen webatara ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mma ebe a na-etinye akara aka dị iche iche na ụda ọ bụla nke ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀. Csikos & Dohany kwupụtara ewu ewu nke usoro Kodály n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ma kwuo Barkoczi & Pleh na Hallam na "ike nke usoro Kodaly na Hungary... [na] mba ofesi" n'ihe gbasara inweta agụmakwụkwọ egwu n'ime usoro agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Psychological examination of the Kodály method of musical education|author=Barkóczi|first=I|publisher=Kodály Intézet|year=1977|location=Kecskemét, Hungary}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hallam|first=S|date=2010|title=The power of music: Its impact on the intellectual, social and personal development of children and young people|journal=International Journal of Music Education|volume=28|issue=3|pages=269–289|doi=10.1177/0255761410370658}}</ref> === Ịgụ na ide nke egwú Braille === Otú ọ dị, usoro ndị dị ka Kodály - nke na-adabere na ụda iji mee ka ihe ngosi nke akara ndị ọrụ - na-erughị maka ndị na-amụ ihe na-enweghị ike ịhụ. "N'agbanyeghị etu ntị si dị mma na otú ncheta si dị mma, ịgụ na ide dịkwa mkpa maka nwa akwụkwọ kpuru ìsì", na ọ dị mwute na akara ndị ọrụ na-adịghị emezu maka mkpa ndị na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ.<ref>Cooper, 1994, as cited in Conn, 2001, p.4</ref> Iji dozie nke a, enwere ike inye egwu e biri ebi ma ọ bụ Egwú Braille maka ndị na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ nke ọma, ndị kpuru ìsì n'ụzọ iwu, na ndị kpuru nkuru ìsì kpamkpam ka ha wee nwee ike iji aka dochie anya akụkụ anya nke mmụta (ya bụ, mmụta kinesthetic ka mma). Dị ka Conn si kwuo, iji mee ka ụmụ akwụkwọ kpuru ìsì "zụlite nkà ịnụ ihe ha... sonye n'ụzọ zuru ezu na egwu... bụrụ onye na-amụta ihe n'onwe ya na ndụ ya niile... nwee ohere iji kpamkpam nyochaa egwu ahụ... kesaa ihe ha dere... [na] nweta ọrụ / ụzọ ọrụ", ha ga-amụta otú e si agụ ma dee egwu Braille. Ọ bụghị n'adịghị ka agụmakwụkwọ anya, ịkụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ otu esi agụ ''asụsụ'' na Braille yiri nkuzi nke ịgụ na ide nke Braille. Toussaint & Tiger hotara Mangold na Crawford & Elliott na "mmekọrịta ọhụrụ dị n'etiti ihe na-emetụ aka (ya bụ, akara ndị ìsì) na ihe na-anụ ihe ma ọ bụ ụda olu (ya bụ., aha mkpụrụedemede a na-ekwu). " <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Toussaint|first=K. A.|date=2010|title=Teaching early braille literacy skills within a stimulus equivalence paradigm to children with degenerative visual impairments|journal=Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis|volume=43|issue=2|pages=181–194|doi=10.1901/jaba.2010.43-181|pmid=21119894}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mangold|first=S. S.|date=1978|title=Tactile perception and braille letter recognition: Effects of developmental teaching|journal=Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness|volume=72|issue=7|pages=259–266|doi=10.1177/0145482X7807200703}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Crawford|first=S|date=2007|title=Analysis of phonemes, graphemes, onset-rimes, and words with braille-learning children|journal=Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness|volume=101|issue=9|pages=534–544|doi=10.1177/0145482X0710100903}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Toussaint|first=K. A.|date=2010|title=Teaching early braille literacy skills within a stimulus equivalence paradigm to children with degenerative visual impairments|journal=Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis|volume=43|issue=2|pages=182|doi=10.1901/jaba.2010.43-181|pmid=21119894}}</ref>Nke a na-egosipụta anya Kodály (ya bụ, akara ndị ọrụ omenala) -na-auditory (ya bụ na, n'otu aka ahụ, aha mkpụrụedemede a na-ekwu) na agụmakwụkwọ egwu. N'agbanyeghị ọdịiche nkuzi, Otú ọ dị, ịgụ na ide nke egwu Braille dị ala karịa ịgụ na ide egwu n'etiti ndị nwere anya. N'echiche a, kwa, pasentị nke ndị na-ahụ anya na ndị kpuru ìsì bụ ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ n'asụsụ na egwu, nọ n'otu ụzọ - dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgụ na ide asụsụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ afọ ise na-ahụ ụzọ na Australia dị na 93.9% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọnụ ọgụgụ 6.55% nke ụmụ akwụkwọ HSC na-amụ egwu, ebe ịgụ na ide maka ndị kpuru ụzọ dị ihe dịka 12%. <ref>Australian Institute for Health and Welfare, 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://musicinaustralia.org.au/index.php/Music_Education_Statistics|title=Music Education Statistics|date=2012|author=Hoegh-Guldberg|first=Hans|accessdate=2023-10-28|archivedate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222141955/http://musicinaustralia.org.au/index.php/Music_Education_Statistics}}</ref><ref>Touissant & Tiger, 2010, p.181. There are no figures to show how low musical literacy is for this variable</ref>Ianuzzi na-ekwu maka ụkpụrụ abụọ a mgbe ọ jụrụ, "Olee egwu ole ụmụ akwụkwọ ga-amụta ịkpọ ma ọ bụrụ na ndị nkuzi egwu ha enweghị ike ịgụ ihe odide ahụ? N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọ bụghị ọtụtụ ndị nkuzi nke ụmụaka kpuru ìsì na-agụ ma na-ede Braille n'onwe ha. "<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ianuzzi|first=J|date=1996|title=Braille or Print: Why the debate?|url=https://www.nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/fr/fr15/issue1/f150109.html|journal=Future Reflections|volume=15|issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ianuzzi|first=J|date=1996|title=Braille or Print: Why the debate?|url=https://www.nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/fr/fr15/issue1/f150109.html|journal=Future Reflections|volume=15|issue=1}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Braille_music.jpg|thumb]] Ọ bụ ezie na isi nke ịgụ na ide egwu bụ n'ihe gbasara "''ige ntị'' sara mbara na ugboro ugboro", "a ka nwere mkpa maka echiche doro anya nke ịgụ egwu nke ga-ahazi ihe ọmụma na nyocha banyere ịgụ egwu n'ime usoro echiche, ụkpụrụ, na usoro" nke ga-abara ndị ogbenye uru. <ref>Levinson, 1990, p.26</ref><ref>Hodges & Nolker, 2011, p.80</ref>Ọ bụ site na ihe ndị bụ isi nke ịgụ na ide na "ikike ịghọta ọtụtụ n'ime... okwu n'ọdịnala e nyere" ka enwere ike inweta ịgụ na ide egwu.<ref>Levinson 1990, p.19</ref><ref>Hirsch, 1983, on “cultural literacy”; as cited in Levinson 1990, p.19</ref> Ka o sina dị, anya ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, usoro nkuzi dị iche iche na usoro mmụta achọrọ iji nweta agụmakwụkwọ egwu na-egosi ụdị nke nkà uche, akwara, multi-sensory, na nkà na-arụ ọrụ n'ime mmadụ mgbe ha na-emetụta egwu. Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ fMRI egosila mmetụta nke egwu na agụmakwụkwọ egwu dị elu na mmepe ụbụrụ. == Ọganihu ụbụrụ == Ma nhazi nke egwu na arụmọrụ na ngwá egwu chọrọ itinye aka nke akụkụ abụọ nke ụbụrụ. <ref>Sarker & Biswas, 2015; Norton, 2005, as cited in Ardila, 2010, p.108</ref>A na-ahụ ọdịiche ọdịdị (ya bụ, mmụba nke ntụ ntụ) na mpaghara ụbụrụ nke ndị na-agụ egwú nke jikọtara ya na nkà egwú a mụtara n'oge ọzụzụ ngwá egwú (dịka nkà dị mma nke onwe ya n'aka abụọ, ịkpa ókè na-anụ ụda), yana njikọ na-apụtaghị ìhè na mmelite nke asụsụ na [[Ọmúmú-ónúọgụgụ|nkà mgbakọ na mwepụ]].<ref>Schalug, Norton, Overy & Winner, 2005, pp.221, 226</ref> Ọtụtụ nnyocha na-egosi na "egwú nwere ike inwe nsonaazụ dị mma na echiche anyị nke nwere ike ime ka mmụta dị mfe". <ref>Sarker & Biswas, 2015, p.108</ref>Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụmụaka gosipụtara mmụba 46% na IQ - nke dị mkpa maka ikike uche dị elu metụtara mgbakọ na mwepụ na sayensị dị mgbagwoju anya - mgbe ha mepụtara akụkụ nke ịgụ na ide egwu ha. <ref>Sarker & Biswas, 2015, p.109</ref>A na-eme ka nkà mgbakọ na mwepụ dị otú ahụ dịkwuo mma n'ụbụrụ n'ihi ọzụzụ nke na-emetụta ịmụ akara egwu n'ihi na "ịghọta akara egwu chọrọ nkà mgbakọ na ụzụ, dị ka njirimara njirimara na nghọta nke oke, oke, akụkụ, na nkewa [nke akara akara]".<ref>Schlaug, Norton, Overy & Winner, 2005, p.226</ref> Enwere ike ịhụ "ikike asụsụ dị elu, gụnyere okwu, nkwupụta, na ịdị mfe nke akwụkwọ ozi" na ndị maara egwu. <ref>Sarker & Biswas, 2015, p.110</ref>Nke a bụ n'ihi "ma egwu ma nhazi asụsụ chọrọ ikike ịkewapụta iyi nke ụda n'ime obere ihe nghọta". <ref>Schlaug, Norton, Overy & Winner, 2005, p.226</ref>Nnyocha na-akwado mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ịgụ na ide egwu na ịgụ na iche echiche, yana nkà ndị na-abụghị nke nghọta dị ka ntụrụndụ na mmepe mmetụta uche, nhazi na ihe ọhụrụ, nlebara anya na ilekwasị anya, ncheta, ihe okike, obi ike onwe onye, na mmekọrịta ọmịiko n'etiti mmadụ na ibe ya. <ref>Weinberger, 1998, as cited in Csikos & Dohany, 2016, p.4</ref><ref>Pitts, 2000, as cited in Csikos & Dohany, 2016, p.4</ref><ref>Sarkar & Biswas, 2015, p.110</ref>N'ihi ihe na mmetụta dị iche iche a, Williams (1987) na-ahụ onwe ya n'echiche na "[agụ egwú] ịgụ na ide na-enye ùgwù yana ikike, ọ dịkwa oke mkpa maka ọdịdị onwe onye na ihe ịga nke ọma... [ọ na-enye] nnukwu ọṅụ nke mmụta... obi ụtọ nke itinye aka, na afọ ojuju nke ige ntị".<ref>''As cited in'' Conn, 2001, p.4</ref><ref>''As cited in'' Conn, 2001, p.4</ref> == Ihe odide == <references /> == Akwụkwọ == * {{Cite web|url=https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/children-youth/childrens-headline-indicators/contents/12-literacy|title=Children's Headline Indicators: Literacy|date=2017|author=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare}} * {{Cite journal|author=Ardila|first=A|date=2010|title=Illiteracy: The Neuropsychology of Cognition Without Reading|journal=Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology|volume=25|issue=8|pages=689–712|doi=10.1093/arclin/acq079|pmid=21075867}} *   * {{Cite book|title=Psychological examination of the Kodály method of musical education|author=Barkóczi|first=I|publisher=Kodály Intézet|year=1977|location=Kecskemét, Hungary}} * {{Cite book|title=The Selected Writings of Zoltan Kodaly|publisher=Boosey and Hawkes|year=1974|editor=Bonis|location=London}} * {{Cite journal|author=Blumer|first=H|date=1986|title=Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method}} * {{Cite book|title=Learning from Young Children: Research in Early Childhood Music|author=Burton|first=S. 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A.|date=2010|title=Teaching early braille literacy skills within a stimulus equivalence paradigm to children with degenerative visual impairments|journal=Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis|volume=43|issue=2|pages=181–194|doi=10.1901/jaba.2010.43-181|pmid=21119894}} * {{Cite journal|author=Waller|first=D|date=2010|title=Language Literacy and Music Literacy|journal=Philosophy of Music Education Review|volume=18|issue=1|pages=26–44|doi=10.2979/pme.2010.18.1.26}} * {{Cite journal|author=Walton|first=K|date=1970|title=Categories of Art|journal=Philosophical Review|volume=79|issue=3|pages=334–367|doi=10.2307/2183933}} * {{Cite journal|author=Waters|first=A. J.|date=1998|title=Expertise in musical sight reading: A study of pianists|journal=British Journal of Psychology|volume=89|pages=477–488|doi=10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02676.x}} * {{Cite book|title=Art and Its Objects|author=Wollheim|first=R|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1980|location=New York}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1cv25ab27ru4tkox4vqgokt7ykfnnq1 Silas Janfa 0 33253 696829 165788 2026-08-04T14:09:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox officeholder|name=Silas Janfa|image=|imagesize=150px|birth_date=|birth_place=[[Plateau State]], [[Nigeria]]|death_date=|party=|nationality=[[Nigerian]]}} A họpụtara '''Silas Janfa''' ka ọ bụrụ Senator maka mpaghara Plateau South nke Plateau State, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] na mbido Republic nke anọ nke Naijiria, na-agba ọsọ na ikpo okwu People's Democratic Party (PDP). Ọ malitere ọrụ na 29 Mee 1999. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt|title=FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA LEGISLATIVE ELECTION OF 20 FEBRUARY AND 7 MARCH 1999|work=Psephos|accessdate=2010-06-24}}</ref> Janfa nwetara nzere doctorate na Financial Management . <ref name="bnw32">{{Cite web|url=http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/mar/30/032.html|title=2003: National Lawmakers Who Won't Return|author=Oma Djebah, Louis Achi and Utibe Uko|work=BNW News|accessdate=2010-06-24|archivedate=2012-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528024508/http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/mar/30/032.html}}</ref>Mgbe <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|title=Congressional Committees|publisher=Nigeria Congress|accessdate=2010-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm|archivedate=2009-11-18}}</ref> nọsịrị n'oche ya na Senate na June 1999, a họpụtara ya na kọmitii na Public Accounts, Solid Minerals (onye isi oche), Aviation, Transport, Commerce na Niger Delta . [1]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://1and1.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/03/20010403news23.html|title=Why Senate Has Not Concluded Work on Kuta Report - Janfa|author=Tokunbo Adedoja|work=ThisDay|date=2001-04-03|accessdate=2010-06-24}}</ref> họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu kọmitii Senate nke e guzobere iji nyochaa akụkọ esemokwu ahụ site na otu kọmpat nke Senator Ibrahim Kuta duziri nke boro ọtụtụ ndị Senate ebubo maka mmebi ego.<ref name="bnw32" /> bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa onye nnọchi anya mpaghara Senate ya maka oge nke abụọ n'afọ 2003, mana [[Cosmas Niagwan]] meriri ya na primaries. Janfa kwagara na pati Action Congress (AC), wee gbaa ọsọ na ikpo okwu ahụ maka oche Plateau South Senate na 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ekiti.com/ekitinews/default.php?news_Code=Tribunal&orderno=26&news_id=&newsGroupID=|title=Tribunal nullifies two senators’ election|work=Punch|date=December 8, 2007|author=Jude Owuamanam|accessdate=2010-06-24|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082949/http://www.ekiti.com/ekitinews/default.php?news_Code=Tribunal&orderno=26&news_id=&newsGroupID=}}</ref>John Shagaya meriri ntuli aka ahụ, mana Janfa rịọrọ Ụlọikpe Election ka ọ gbanwee nsonaazụ ahụ n'ihi na e mere ntuli aka naanị na atọ n'ime mpaghara gọọmentị isii.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200812160062.html|title=Appeal Court Affirms Shagaya's Election|author=Seriki Adinoyi|date=16 December 2008|publisher=ThisDay|accessdate=2010-06-24}}</ref> ikpe ahụ kagburu nhọpụta Shagaya, mana mgbe mkpegharị ikpe gasịrị, a họpụtara Shagaya. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bdgvosbj5t1znkxhxzx4jueeezxoe91 Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih 0 34542 696875 214720 2026-08-05T08:03:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''[[w:Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih|Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih]]''' <small>[[w:African Academy of Sciences|FAAS]] [[w:The World Academy of Sciences|FTWAS]] [[w:International Water Resources Association|FIWRA]]</small> (amụrụ 1944) <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih {{!}} Just another UofK site |url=http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/ |access-date=2022-11-13 |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223544/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/ |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2022-11-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113231854/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/ }}</ref> bụ onye mba Sudan bụ ọkammụta na ngalaba Civil Engineering [[w:University of Khartoum|Mahadum Khartoum]] nakwa ọkachamara UNESCO na [[w:Hydrology|Akụnụba si na mmiri]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Salih Abdin Mohamed Ali {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/salih-abdin-mohamed-ali |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=www.aasciences.africa |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113212840/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/salih-abdin-mohamed-ali |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2022-11-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113212842/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/salih-abdin-mohamed-ali }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=iAgua |first=redaccion |date=2011-10-05 |title=Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih, nuevo Director para la División de Ciencias del Agua y Secretario del PHI de la UNESCO |url=https://www.iagua.es/noticias/formacion/11/10/05/abdin-mohamed-ali-salih-nuevo-director-para-la-division-de-ciencias-del-agua-y-secretario-del-phi-de |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=iAgua |language=es |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223533/https://www.iagua.es/noticias/formacion/11/10/05/abdin-mohamed-ali-salih-nuevo-director-para-la-division-de-ciencias-del-agua-y-secretario-del-phi-de |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2022-11-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223533/https://www.iagua.es/noticias/formacion/11/10/05/abdin-mohamed-ali-salih-nuevo-director-para-la-division-de-ciencias-del-agua-y-secretario-del-phi-de }}</ref> === Mmalite Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ Ya === A mụrụ Salih na [[w:|Wad Madani]], Sudan na 1944.<ref name=":5" /> Ọ bụ ezie na e dere ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya dị ka 1 Jenụwarị, nke a nwere ike ọ gaghị abụ eziokwu. N'oge amụrụ ya, e kenyere abalị mbụ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị maka ndị a mụrụ na mpụga [[w:|Khartoum]], ọmụmaatụ, [[w:|Abdalla Hamdok]] na [[w:|Omar al-Bashir]]. Salih banyere na [[w:|Khartoum University| Mahadum Khartoum]] n'afọ 1963 wee nweta nzere Bachelor of Science n'ógó First Class Honors na ngalaba Civil Engineering. N'afọ 1969 o nwetara nzere [[w:|Diploma of Imperial College]] wee gaa n'ihu mechaa [[w:|Doctor of Philosophy]] na Hydraulics n'afọ 1972 sitere na Imperial College London. O mechara nweta Diploma na [[w:|Hydrology]] na Mahadum Padua Italy, n'afọ 1974 <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=بروفسور عابدين محمد على صالح بقلم بخيتة امين |url=https://danagla.ahlamontada.com/t1560-topic |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=danagla.ahlamontada.com |language=ar |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223528/https://danagla.ahlamontada.com/t1560-topic |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=CV |url=http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/wp-content/uploads/sites/495/2014/09/P.-abdin.pdf |access-date=2022-11-13 |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223530/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/wp-content/uploads/sites/495/2014/09/P.-abdin.pdf |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2022-11-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223530/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/wp-content/uploads/sites/495/2014/09/P.-abdin.pdf }}</ref> === Ịme Nnyocha na ọrụ Ya === Mgbe omwetachara nzere PhD ya Salih laghachiri na Sudan n'afọ 1973 wee sonye na ngalaba nke injinia nke Mahadum Khartoum dị ka onye nkuzi tupu ọ bụrụ onye ọkammụta nsonye n'afọ 1977, onye isi ngalaba nke Civil Engineering n'afọ 1979. , na onye ọkammụta zuru oke n'afọ 1982. Ọ ghọrọ onye osote onye isi oche Mahadum Khartoum n'etiti 1990 na 1991. Dị ka ebe Nọvemba 2022, ọ bụ ọkammụta na ngalaba Civil Engineering, Mahadum Khartoum na onye so na Kansụl Na-achị Isi nke Mahadum Khartoum nakwa [[w:Sudan University of Science and Technology|Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke Sudan]]. Ọ bụkwa onye ọkammụta na College of Engineering, Mahadum King Saud, site n'afọ 1982.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cssp |url=https://www.bibalex.org/cssp/en/Speakers/Details.aspx?spID=196 |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=www.bibalex.org |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223528/https://www.bibalex.org/cssp/en/Speakers/Details.aspx?spID=196 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ọrụ ime nnyocha na inye ndụmọdụ Salih lekwasịrị anya na nchekwa mmiri na njikwa akụrụngwa mmiri. Ọ jere ozi na [[UNESCO]] site na 1993 ruo mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye ntụzi aka nke ngalaba [[w:Hydrology | Water Sciences]] n'afọ 2011 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Euro-Mediterranean Information System on know-how in the Water sector - International portal |url=http://www.emwis.org/thematicdirs/news/2011/10/unesco-director-general-appoints-new-director-division-water-sciences-and |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=www.emwis.org |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227210424/http://www.emwis.org/thematicdirs/news/2011/10/unesco-director-general-appoints-new-director-division-water-sciences-and |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2023-02-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227210424/http://www.emwis.org/thematicdirs/news/2011/10/unesco-director-general-appoints-new-director-division-water-sciences-and }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Side Event at the ICSU Forum on Science, Technology and Innovation // "Water security" A New Paradigm of Adaptive Management {{!}} Nexus - The Water, Energy & Food Security Resource Platform |url=https://www.water-energy-food.org/events/side-event-at-the-icsu-forum-on-science-technology-and-innovation-water-security-a-new-paradigm-of-adaptive-management |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=www.water-energy-food.org |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223528/https://www.water-energy-food.org/events/side-event-at-the-icsu-forum-on-science-technology-and-innovation-water-security-a-new-paradigm-of-adaptive-management |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> and was a member of the Executive Board of UNESCO from 2015 until 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advisory and Consulting Contributions {{!}} Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih |url=http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/?page_id=12 |access-date=2022-11-13 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223528/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/?page_id=12 |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2022-11-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223528/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/?page_id=12 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-05 |title=Wagner elected as new Chair of UNESCO-IHE |url=https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2015/12/05/wagner-elected-as-new-chair-of-unesco-ihe/ |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=Diplomat magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223528/https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2015/12/05/wagner-elected-as-new-chair-of-unesco-ihe/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ọ bụbukwa Gọvanọ ọzọ nke Kansụl n'ahụ maka mmiri nke mba ụwa n'etiti 1999 na 2003. <ref name=":0" /> Salih na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye ndụmọdụ maka Kọmishọn Ukwu maka mmepe [[w:Riyadh|Riyadh, Saudi Arabia]], ọ bụ onye òtù nke ọtụtụ òtù n'ahụ maka mmiri na mba ụwa ,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advisory and Consulting Contributions {{!}} Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih |url=http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/?page_id=12 |access-date=2022-11-14 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223528/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/?page_id=12 |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2022-11-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223528/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/abdin-mohamed/?page_id=12 }}</ref> ma bụrụkwa onye juri nke ọtụtụ ihe nrite mmiri mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stephenson |first=David |url=http://41.67.20.57/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=80306 |title=Water services management / { Prof. Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih collection } |date=2005 |publisher=Lightning Source UK Ltd |isbn=978-1-84339-080-0 |location=London}}</ref> === Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù Ya === A họpụtara Salih dịka onye òtù nke [[w:|International Water Resources Association]] (FIWRA) n'afọ 1983,<ref name=":3" />, onye òtù [[w:|African Academy of Sciences]] (FAAS) n'afọ 1993,<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih's biography, net worth, fact, career, awards and life story - ZGR.net |url=https://www.zgr.net/en/people/abdin-mohamed-ali-salih/ |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=www.zgr.net |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113223532/https://www.zgr.net/en/people/abdin-mohamed-ali-salih/ |url-status=live }}</ref> na onye òtù [[w:The World Academy of Sciences|The World Academy of Sciences]] (FTWAS) n'afọ 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salih, Abdin Mohamed Ali |url=https://twas.org/directory/salih-abdin-mohamed-ali |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=TWAS |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113230351/https://twas.org/directory/salih-abdin-mohamed-ali |url-status=live }}</ref> Enyere ya ihe nrite [[w:|Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation]] (ISESCO)'s Award for Excellence in Scientific Research.<ref name=":4" /> === Ndụ Onwe Onye Ya === Salih alụọla nwanyị jiri ụmụ atọ .<ref name=":5" /> === Akwụkwọ Ndị Ebipụtara Ahọpụtara === * '''Abdin M. A Salih''', Uygur Sendil (1984-09-01). ''[https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1984)110:3(289) Evapotranspiration under Extremely Arid Climates]''. [[w:Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Engineering|Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering]]. 110 (3): 289–303. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1984)110:3(289). ISSN 0733-9437. * Solaiman A. Al‐Sha'lan, '''Abdin M. A. Salih''' (1987-11-01). ''[https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1987)113:4(565) Evapotranspiration Estimates in Extremely Arid Areas]''. [[w:|Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering]]. 113 (4): 565–574. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1987)113:4(565). ISSN 0733-9437. * '''Abdin M. A. Salih''', Ibrahim, Nagwa (1998-12-15). ''[[doi:10.1016/S0011-9164(98)00197-0|UNESCO's international hydrological program and sustainable water resources management in the Arab region]]''. Desalination. Selected papers presented at The Third Gulf Water Conference Towards Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in the Gulf Water Science and Technology Association (WSTA). 120 (1): 15–22. doi:10.1016/S0011-9164(98)00197-0. ISSN 0011-9164. * '''Abdin M. A. Salih''' (1980-10-01). ''[https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/JYCEAJ.0005531#tabs Entrained Air in Linearly Accelerated Water Flow]''. [[w:|Journal of the Hydraulics Division]]. 106 (10): 1595–1605. doi:10.1061/JYCEAJ.0005531. * '''Abdin M. A. Salih''' (1985-01-01). ''[[doi:10.1080/02508068508686311|The Nile Inside the Sudan—Increasing Demands and Their Consequences]]''. [[w:|Water International]]. 10 (2): 73–78. doi:10.1080/02508068508686311. ISSN 0250-8060. ===Ihe Ndị Nhụwa Ama === <references group="upper-alpha" responsive="1"></references> === Hụkwa === * [[w:|Elfatih Eltahir]] * [[w:|Yahia Abdel Mageed]] === Edensibia === {{Reflist}} === Njikọ Mpụga === {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Salih, Abdin Mohamed Ali}} [[Category: Ndị òtù African Academy of Sciences]] [[Category: Ndị ọkachamara sayensị si mba Sudan]] [[Category: Ndị dị ndụ]] [[Category: Ndị òtù ọrụ UNESCO]] [[Category:Ndị òtù TWAS]] [[Category:Ndị amụrụ na 1944]] [[Category: Ndị Gụchara Akwụkwọ na Imperial College London]] [[Otú:Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Khartoum]] [[Category: Ndị ọrụ nkụzi na Mahadum Khartoum]] hspwcxtcelh6dnwx5oy4zv8vg6zml7k 2003 Nhọrọ gọvanọ Kebbi Steeti 0 35750 696869 577774 2026-08-05T07:12:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696869 wikitext text/x-wiki . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-02-14|title='Merger will revive opposition politics in Nigeria' {{!}} Inside politics|url=https://dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/politics/50299-merger-will-revive-opposition-politics-in-nigeria|accessdate=2021-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214051222/https://dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/politics/50299-merger-will-revive-opposition-politics-in-nigeria|archivedate=February 14, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sir Ahmadu Bello Foundation, Fidelity bank bolster fight against Covid-19 in Kebbi|url=https://dailytrust.com/sir-ahmadu-bello-foundation-fidelity-bank-bolster-fight-against-covid-19-in-kebbi|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=Daily Trust|date=May 20, 2020|language=en|archivedate=2021-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506182803/https://dailytrust.com/sir-ahmadu-bello-foundation-fidelity-bank-bolster-fight-against-covid-19-in-kebbi}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kebbi to mobilise 200 entrepreneurs for launch of MSMEs clinic|url=https://dailytrust.com/kebbi-to-mobilise-200-entrepreneurs-for-launch-of-msmes-clinic|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=Daily Trust|date=September 5, 2019|language=en|archivedate=2021-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506182805/https://dailytrust.com/kebbi-to-mobilise-200-entrepreneurs-for-launch-of-msmes-clinic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Daily|first=Peoples|date=2019-06-07|title=Kebbi gov, reappoints ex-dep. gov as chief of staff, Babale Ahmed as the SSG|url=https://peoplesdailyng.com/kebbi-gov-reappoints-ex-dep-gov-as-chief-of-staff-babale-ahmed-as-the-ssg/|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=Peoples Daily Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Blueprint|date=2014-04-10|title=We won't allow moles as leaders in APC – Argungu|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/we-wont-allow-moles-as-leaders-in-apc-argungu/|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=April 2003|url=https://rulers.org/2003-04.html|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=rulers.org}}</ref>Nhọpụta mmetụta steeti Kebbi nke afọ 2003 mere na-abụ 19, 2003. Onye ndọrọndọrọ ANPP bụ Adamu Aliero meri na preaka ahụ, meri PDP Saidu Samaila Sambawa na mmadụ abụọ ọzọ <ref>{{Cite web|title=NIGERIAN ELECTIONS 2003|url=http://www.gamji.com/aluko/aluko46.htm|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=www.gamji.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Thurston|first=Alexander|title=Don't ignore Nigeria's gubernatorial elections|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2015/01/27/dont-ignore-nigerias-gubernatorial-elections/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Background to Nigeria's 2015 Elections|url=https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/150126_Thurston_NigeriaElections_Web.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724161029/https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/150126_Thurston_NigeriaElections_Web.pdf|archivedate=July 24, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rawlence|first=Ben|date=July 2007|title=Briefing: Nigeria's 2007 General Elections: Democracy in Retreat|journal=African Affairs|volume=106|pages=497–506|doi=10.1093/afraf/adm039}}</ref> Ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị debanyere aha votu na steeti ahụ bụ 1,343,549, ngụkọta ndị e mere bụ 886,324, votu ziri ezi bụ 802,509 na votu jụrụ bụ 83,815. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-09|title=Bagudu's Chief Of Staff Declares For Senate|url=https://leadership.ng/bagudus-chief-of-staff-declares-for-senate/|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=Leadership Newspaper|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Daily Trust - LG polls: March 27 not compulsory – Aliero|url=http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/dec/30/0134.html|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=news.biafranigeriaworld.com|archivedate=2021-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122158/http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/dec/30/0134.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-31|title=Apathy mars Kebbi gubernatorial rerun|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/04/apathy-boycott-mar-kebbi-gubernatorial-rerun/|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-19|title=Harmonious working relationship among 3 arms of government excites Bagudu|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/harmonious-working-relationship-among-3-arms-of-government-excites-bagudu/|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506190351/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/harmonious-working-relationship-among-3-arms-of-government-excites-bagudu/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Why we oppose Dakingari's Senate bid—Kangiwa|url=https://dailytrust.com/why-we-oppose-dakingari-s-senate-bid-kangiwa|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=Daily Trust|date=October 6, 2014|language=en|archivedate=2021-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506190350/https://dailytrust.com/why-we-oppose-dakingari-s-senate-bid-kangiwa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=1 Jun 2015|title=Bagudu appoints ex-dep gov as COS|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20150601/281642483776596|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=Daily Trust}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Isangedighi|first=Archibong|date=2020-11-15|title=Kebbi agog as Senator Bagudu hosts governors, ministers on Aminu Tambuwal's son wedding in Argungu|url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/kebbi-agog-senator-bagudu-hosts-governors-ministers-aminu-tambuwals-son-wedding-argungu-325541|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Olowolagba|first=Fikayo|date=2019-06-06|title=Kebbi Gov, Bagudu reappoints SSG, CoS|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/06/06/kebbi-gov-bagudu-reappoints-ssg-cos/|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sambawa|first=Saidu Balarabe Samaila|date=2015-01-17|title=Nigeria: Saidu Samaila Sambawa Remains In The PDP|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201501170380.html|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|archivedate=2021-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506190350/https://allafrica.com/stories/201501170380.html}}</ref> qm9ir87i3pfgactkidj67gzkfstir5c Scores to Settle 0 36089 696823 632588 2026-08-04T12:42:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Scores to settle bụ ihe nkiri Naijiria nke afọ 1998 banyere nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke na-eche ọgụ dị iche iche ihu. Ọ bụ Chico Ejiro duziri ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nollywood veterans mourn Chico Ejiro – P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/12/25/nollywood-veterans-mourn-chico-ejiro/|accessdate=29 July 2022|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ogala|first=George|date=25 December 2021|title=Remembering Chico Ejiro, prolific Nigerian filmmaker, who died on Christmas Day|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/502460-remembering-chico-ejiro-prolific-nigerian-filmmaker-who-died-on-christmas-day.html|accessdate=29 July 2022|work=Premium Times Nigeria|language=en-GB}}</ref> E wepụtara ihe nkiri Nollywood a na 1 Jenụwarị 1998 site na Great movies Ltd. == Ndị mere ihe nkiri a == * [[Richard Mofe-Damijo]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Richard Mofe-Damijo: Profile of an iconic Nollywood actor – P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/05/08/richard-mofe-damijo-profile-of-an-iconic-nollywood-actor/|accessdate=29 July 2022|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=RMD, King of the Silver Screen at 60 – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/07/10/rmd-king-of-the-silver-screen-at-60/amp/|accessdate=30 July 2022|work=www.thisdaylive.com|archivedate=30 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730011619/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/07/10/rmd-king-of-the-silver-screen-at-60/amp/}}</ref> * [[Liz Benson]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Liz Benson, the ever adorable Nollywood veteran: A Profile – P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/03/12/liz-benson-the-ever-adorable-nollywood-veteran-a-profile/|accessdate=29 July 2022|language=en-US}}</ref> * Omotola Jalade<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 May 2020|title=Day Omosexy couldn't kiss on set: Memories as she celebrates 25 years in Nollywood|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/05/day-omosexy-couldnt-kiss-on-set-memories-as-she-celebrates-25-years-in-nollywood/|accessdate=30 July 2022|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref> * Azu bara ọgaranya * Teco Benson * Patrick Doyle == Nkọwa == Sade, otu nwanyị di ya nwụrụ bụ ndị ọgọ ya na ụmụ abụọ chụpụrụ, ọ ga-agbasi mbọ ike maka ịlanarị n'okporo ámá.<ref>{{Cite web|author=izuzu|first=chibumga|date=8 October 2015|title=How well do you remember the 1998 movie 'Scores to Settle?|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/throwbackthursday-how-well-do-you-remember-the-1998-movie-scores-to-settle/0n16gbq|accessdate=29 July 2022|work=Pulse Nigeria|archivedate=3 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003044232/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/throwbackthursday-how-well-do-you-remember-the-1998-movie-scores-to-settle/0n16gbq}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Tayo|first=Ayomide O.|date=25 July 2018|title=30 unforgettable Nollywood home videos you should watch|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/classics-30-unforgettable-nollywood-home-videos-you-should-watch/l554mlf|accessdate=29 July 2022|work=Pulse Nigeria|archivedate=23 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023222521/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/classics-30-unforgettable-nollywood-home-videos-you-should-watch/l554mlf}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Ihe nkiri 1998]] [[Òtù:Ihe nkiri Naịjirịa]] odjaby4zokjm2f3ywbz9v8ftok7ss08 Stanlee Ohikhuare 0 38326 696834 692055 2026-08-04T15:27:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Stanlee Ohikhuare|birth_name=Stanlee Aideloje Ohikhuare|nationality=Nigerian|citizenship=Nigerian|occupation=Filmmaker,Cinematographer, and Writer|known_for=producing short films.|notable_works=Tunnel|awards=2013 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, Best Cinematographer}}   '''Stanlee Aideloje Ohikhuare''' nke ama ama dị ka '''Stanlee Oikhuare''' bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-15|title=SPAR rewards Mariam Kayode as Best Child Actor at Real Times Film Festival|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/07/spar-rewards-mariam-kayode-as-best-child-actor-at-real-times-film-festival/|accessdate=2022-07-19|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref> onye na-ese ihe nkiri, na onye edemede. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Abumere|first=Princess|date=2016-01-29|title=5 films by the cinematographer|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/stanlee-ohikhuare-5-films-by-the-cinematographer/tvb2647|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917221533/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/stanlee-ohikhuare-5-films-by-the-cinematographer/tvb2647}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2017-11-11|title=Charles Okafor plays late Benson Idahosa in ' Idahosa Trails'|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/charles-okafor-plays-late-benson-idahosa-in-idahosa-trails/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=[[Nigerian Tribune|Tribune Online]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A maara ya maka imepụta obere ihe nkiri. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-29|title="Common Man" director to hold film clinic|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/stanlee-ohikhuare-common-man-director-to-hold-film-clinic/7yg20kl|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917223037/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/stanlee-ohikhuare-common-man-director-to-hold-film-clinic/7yg20kl}}</ref> O nwetara diplọma n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nka nka . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-16|title=Le cinéma d'auteur africain se réinvente – Jeune Afrique|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1195431/culture/le-cinema-dauteur-africain-se-reinvente/|accessdate=2021-09-22|work=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Afọ ! rowspan="2" | Aha ! colspan="5" | Ọrụ ! rowspan="2" | Ihe ndetu ! rowspan="2" | Ref |- ! Onye nduzi ! Onye nrụpụta ! Odee ! Onye na-ese ihe nkiri ! Onye nchịkọta akụkọ |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 | ''Ọwara'' |{{yes}} | | | | | Ihe nkiri mkpirisi mbụ nke Ohikhuare | <ref name=":0"/> |- | ''Ndi Kpis: oriri nke nkpuru obi'' | | | | | | | <ref name=":3" /> |- | ''Mkpebi: Mkpebi igbu ọchụ nke LaVena Johnson'' | | | | | | | |- | rowspan="3" | 2015 | ''Ihe nkiri nzuzu'' |{{yes}} | | | | | Kpakpando [[Kiki Omeili]] | rowspan="3" | <ref name=":2"/> |- | ''Ntụgharị'' |{{yes}} | | | | | |- | ''Dị mma'' |{{yes}}|{{yes}} | | | | |- | 2016 | ''Iterum'' |{{yes}} | | | | | Edere ya na Ememme Nkiri Cannes nke afọ 69 | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Izuzu|first=Chibumga|date=2016-05-11|title=4 Nigerian films screening at 69th edition|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/2016-cannes-film-festival-4-nigerian-films-screening-at-69th-edition/7b66eqk|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917221536/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/2016-cannes-film-festival-4-nigerian-films-screening-at-69th-edition/7b66eqk}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 | ''Ụzọ ụzọ Idahosa'' |{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{yes}}|{{yes}} | Dabere na akụkọ otu onye nta akụkọ zutere onye ụkọchukwu Naijiria, [[Benson Idahosa]] | <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Okechukwu|first=Daniel|date=2019-06-13|title=Five Nollywood Films Based on Real Life Events.|url=https://culturecustodian.com/five-nollywood-films-based-on-real-life-events/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014)|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | ''Uwe nke Harms'' |{{yes}} | | | | | Emere ya na mmemme ihe nkiri Cannes nke afọ 70 | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Izuzu|first=Chibumga|date=2017-05-17|title=Stanlee Ohikhuare's short film to premiere at 2017 Cannes Film Festival|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/coat-of-harm-stanlee-ohikhuares-short-film-to-premiere-at-2017-cannes-film-festival/8yg4rmj|accessdate=2021-09-22|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> |- | 2020 | ''[[Lady Buckit and the Motley Mopsters|Nwanyị Buckit na ndị Motley Mopsters]]'' | ||{{yes}} | | | Ihe ngosi ogologo ihe ngosi izizi nke Nigeria | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-27|title=Nigeria's first feature-length animated film cost $1m|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/50939/nigerias-first-feature-length-animated-film-aims-to-entertain-educate-young-and-old/|accessdate=2020-12-14|work=The Africa Report.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | | ''Nwoke nkịtị'' |{{yes}} | ||{{yes}} | | | <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2016-09-25|title=8 Nollywood directors Nigerians should be very proud of|url=https://thenet.ng/8-nollywood-directors-nigerians-should-be-very-proud-of/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Otu ! Ọrụ ! Nsonaazụ ! Ref |- | 2013 | rowspan="6" | [[Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Nhọrọ nke Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards]] | Mgbasa ozi ọhụụ kachasị mma - Vidiyo dị n'ịntanetị | ''Ndi: Mkpu''|{{Nom}} | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-03-09|title=2014 AMVCA: Desmond Elliot, Funke Akindele and Rita Dominic win big + Full List of Winners|url=https://thenet.ng/2014-amvca-desmond-elliot-funke-akindele-and-rita-dominic-win-big-full-list-of-winners/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="10" | 2015 | Kacha mma etemeete ||{{Nom}} | rowspan="5" | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ejiofor|first=Clement|date=2015-03-07|title=AMVCA 2015: October 1, The Meeting Win Big|url=https://www.legit.ng/398102-amvca-2015-full-list-of-winners.html|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archivedate=2025-04-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414223719/https://www.legit.ng/398102-amvca-2015-full-list-of-winners.html}}</ref> |- | Onye isi ihe nka kacha mma ||{{Nom}} |- | Onye isi ihe nkiri kacha mma ||{{Nom}} |- | Ihe nkiri sinima kacha mma ||{{Won}} |- | Onye nrụpụta ọkụ kacha mma ||{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" | Golden Icon Academy Awards | Ụda kacha mma | rowspan="2" | ''Ndi Kpis: oriri nke nkpuru obi''|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-20|title=Full list of winners at GIAMA 2015|url=https://thenet.ng/full-list-of-winners-at-giama-2015/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | Ndezi kacha mma |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="3" | ''Mkpebi'' |{{Nom}} | |- | Nigerian Entertainment Awards | Onye nduzi kacha mma|{{Nom}} | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-06-12|title=Olamide, Ice Prince, Wizkid grab multiple nominations at 10th NEA|url=https://thenet.ng/olamide-ice-prince-wizkid-grab-multiple-nominations-at-10th-nea/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="9" | [[Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Nhọrọ nke Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards]] | Ihe nkiri sinima kacha mma|{{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tadeniawo|first=Collins|date=2015-03-07|title=Full list of winners at AMVCA 2015|url=https://thenet.ng/full-list-of-winners-at-amvca-2015/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" | 2016 | rowspan="2" | Onye nrụpụta ọkụ kacha mma | ''Nwoke nkịtị''|{{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sanusi|first=Hassan|date=2016-03-05|title=AMVCA 2016: See the full WINNERS list|url=https://thenet.ng/amvca-2016-see-the-full-winners-list/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | ''Ndi Kpis: oriri nke nkpuru obi''|{{Nom}} | rowspan="4" | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Badmus|first=Kayode|date=2015-12-12|title=Full list of nominees for AMVCA 2016|url=https://thenet.ng/full-list-of nominees-for-amvca-2016|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Ihe nkiri sinima kacha mma | rowspan="3" | ''Nwoke nkịtị'' |{{Nom}} |- | Ihe nkiri kacha mma - West Africa |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | Onye isi ihe nka kacha mma |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 | rowspan="3" | ''Ụzọ ụzọ Idahosa''|{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-02|title=AMVCA 2018: Full list of winners|url=https://punchng.com/amvca-2018-full-list-of-winners/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Onye ndezi ụda kacha mma |{{Nom}} |- | Ihe nkiri/ihe onyonyo odee kacha mma |{{Nom}} |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|id=6461706}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7j39dszuyp8p3pc6h5uibkfvk9myb16 Adriana Lara 0 38938 696879 696142 2026-08-05T09:13:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Adriana Lara López''' bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị kọmputa Mexico nke nyocha ya gụnyere ngụkọ evolushọn, memetic algọridim, na njikarịcha ebumnobi ọtụtụ . Ọ bụ prọfesọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ physics na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Instituto Politécnico Nacional na Mexico. <ref name=gecco>{{citation|url=https://gecco-2020.sigevo.org/index.html/Women+AT+GECCO|title=Women at GECCO|work=GECCO 2020|access-date=2022-12-05}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ == Lara gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Instituto Politécnico Nacional na 2001, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu site na CINVESTAV na 2003. <ref name=x>{{citation|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37589805200|title=Adriana Lara|work=IEEE Xplore|publisher=IEEE|access-date=2022-12-05}}</ref> Ọ gụchara PhD na CINVESTAV na 2012. {{R|gecco}} Akwụkwọ edemede ya, ''Iji Gradient Based Information toBuild Hybrid Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms'', bụ Oliver Schütze na Carlos A. Coello Coello na-elekọta ya.<ref name=evocinv>{{citation|url=https://www.cs.cinvestav.mx/~EVOCINV/graduations/Adriana/adriana.html|title=PhD Defense of Adriana Lara López|work=Evolutionary Computation Group at CINVESTAV (EVOCINV)|publisher=CINVESTAV|access-date=2022-12-05|archive-date=2025-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125131531/https://www.cs.cinvestav.mx/~EVOCINV/graduations/Adriana/adriana.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụbu onye prọfesọ na IPN kemgbe 2003.<ref name=orcid>{{citation|url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2498-4441|title=Adriana Lara|work=ORCiD|access-date=2022-12-05}}</ref> == Nkwenye == A họpụtara Lara na Mahadum Sayensị Mexico na 2022. <ref name=amc>{{citation|url=https://www.amc.mx/amc/membresia/MATEMATICAS2022.pdf|title=Mathematics section members|publisher=Mexican Academy of Sciences|year=2022|access-date=2022-12-05}}</ref> == Edensibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * Adriana Lara publications indexed by Google Scholar {{Authority control|state=collapsed}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3irbf0adh9y3pgr1c6f32wvrmsh74xn Ụlọ Nzukọ Tamron 0 39882 696866 156936 2026-08-05T04:27:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Tamron Hall|image=Tamron Hall 2017 USO Gala (cropped2).jpg|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1970|09|16}}|birth_place=[[Luling, Texas]], U.S.|education=[[Temple University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])|occupation=Television journalist, news anchor, talk show host, author|years_active=1992–present|spouse={{marriage|Steven Greener|2019}}|children=1|employer=|party=|credits={{Plainlist| * [[KBTX]] (1992–1994) * [[KTVT]] (1994–1997) * [[WFLD]] (1997–2007) * [[MSNBC]] (2007–2017) * ''[[Today (NBC program)#Today's Take|Today's Take]]'' (2014–2017) * ''[[Tamron Hall (talk show)|Tamron Hall]]'' (2019-present)}}}} {{Databox}}'''Tamron Hall''' (amụrụ na Septemba 16, 1970) bụ onye nta akụkọ mgbasa ozi Amerika, onye na-eme ihe ngosi telivishọn na onye edemede. N'ọnwa Septemba 2019, Hall wepụtara Ihe ngosi okwu ehihie nke akpọrọ onwe ya, nke nwetara ya Daytime Emmy Awards abụọ. Hall bụbu onye nta. Akụkọ NBC maka NBC News, onye na-eme ihe n'ehihie maka MSNBC, onye na'usoro ihe omume MSNBC Live na Tamron Hall, na onye na-akwado Today's Take, awa nke atọ nke Today. Ọ na-akwado Deadline: Crime on Investigation Discovery channel. N'oge okpomọkụ 2016, Nchọpụta Nchọpụta malitere egbe pụrụ iche TV na Campus: Tamron Hall Investigates, nke mere ncheta afọ 50th nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. ịgba égbè n'ụlọ elu na Mahadum Texas na Austin. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A zụlitere Hall na Luling, Texas.<ref name="Okwodu 2020">{{Cite news|author=Okwodu|first=Janelle|title=Tamron Hall Is the Most Fashionable Woman on Daytime Television. Period.|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/tamron-hall-fashion-interview|accessdate=3 February 2022|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|date=December 14, 2020}}</ref> Nne ya bụ onye nkuzi na nna ya bụ ọrụ agha, na-eje ozi na US Army afọ iri atọ.<ref>Per her own remarks on the January 17, 2023 episode of the ''[[Tamron Hall (talk show)|Tamron Hall show]] (Season 4 / Episode 79).''</ref> Ọ natara Bachelor of Arts na Broadcast Journalism na Mahadum Temple na 1992, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ kwagara na mpaghara Dallas-Fort Worth iji malite ọrụ Mgbasa Ozi ya. == Ọrụ == Hall rụrụ ọrụ na KBTX-TV na Bryan, Texas, dị ka onye nta akụkọ ọrụ n'ozuzu ya, wee kwaga KTVT na Fort Worth, Texas, na 1994, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ anọ ọzọ dị ka onye nta akụkọ ọrụ izugbe.<ref name="nnBio">{{Cite web|title=Tamron Hall Biography|url=https://www.msnbc.com/newsnation-tamron-hall/tamron-hall-biography|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004064145/http://www.msnbc.com/newsnation-tamron-hall/tamron-hall-biography|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=September 8, 2019|archivedate=October 4, 2014}}</ref> Site na 1997 ruo 2007, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka WFLD na [[Chicago]], [[Ilinoi|Illinois]]. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, gụnyere onye nta akụkọ ọrụ izugbe, onye nta akụkọ ahịa, na onye ọbịa nke mmemme awa atọ, Fox News na Morning. Ụlọ Nzukọ na-akọkarị banyere okwu metụtara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Chicago, ọ kpuchikwara ọtụtụ akụkọ "na-agbasa ozi", gụnyere otu n'ime ihe mberede Amtrak kacha njọ na Illinois..<ref name="nnBio"/> Na Julaị 2007, Hall sonyeere netwọk akụkọ mba MSNBC na NBC News. <ref name="nnBio"/> Ọ bịakwara na [[Barack Obama]] ajụjụ ọnụ otu onye tupu ya ekwupụta na ọ na-azọ ọkwa [[President of the United States|Onye isi ala US]] na 2008. Na MSNBC, Hall rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ izugbe na arịlịka jupụta, buru ụzọ nweta ama ama dị ka arịlịka nọchiri anya. Keith Olbermann na ''Countdown na Keith Olbermann''. Hall sonyeere David Shuster dị ka onye na-akwado mmemme awa abụọ, The Big Picture, nke malitere na June 1, 2009, wee mechie na Jenụwarị 29, 2010. Hall kwụsiri ike dị ka onye nọchiri Natalie Morales, ma kwụsiri ọrụ ike na ngwụsị izu. === ''NewsNation na Tamron Hall'' === N'afọ 2010, ọ kwadoro ''NewsNation na Tamron Hall'', nke gụnyere ajụjụ ọnụ ndị dị elu na mkpuchi nke US, ozi zuru ụwa ọnụ na ntụrụndụ. Ikuku ehihie izu ụka, ihe nkiri ahụ kpuchiri ihe omume America dị mkpa, gụnyere mgbasa ozi telivishọn dị ndụ sitere na [[Ground Zero]] na [[New York City]] mgbe ọnwụ Osama Bin Laden gasịrị, ụgbọ elu ikpeazụ na 2011, na [[Hurricane Isaac]] na 2012. Hall gbakwara ndị na-ekiri ume ka ha kwupụta echiche ha site na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na akụkọ akụkọ a ma ama, nke na-ese okwu. <ref name="nnBio"/> === ''Oge a kara aka: Mpụ na Tamron Hall'' === N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2013, a mara ọkwa na Hall ga-akwado Deadline: Crime With Tamron Hall na Investigation Discovery. Usoro akụkọ kwa izu na-egosi mpụ abụọ kwa otu awa, ma malite na Septemba 1, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TCA: ID Announces 'Deadline: Crime With Tamron Hall'|url=https://www.deadline.com/2013/07/tca-id-announces-deadline-crime-with-tamron-hall/|work=Deadline Hollywood|accessdate=August 30, 2013|date=July 25, 2013}}</ref> N'ime ihe omume ọ bụla, Ụlọ Nzukọ na ndị otu nyocha ya na-ekpughe nkọwa maka ihe kpatara na otu ihe mere n'ime cas ọ bụla. <ref>{{Cite web|title='Deadline: Crime With Tamron Hall' to Premiere Sunday, September 1 on Investigation Discovery|work=tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/07/25/deadline-crime-with-tamron-hall-to-premiere-sunday-september-1-on-investigation-discovery/193982/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813042926/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/07/25/deadline-crime-with-tamron-hall-to-premiere-sunday-september-1-on-investigation-discovery/193982/|archivedate=August 13, 2013|accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> Usoro ahụ malitere na oge isii, 2013 ruo 2019. Hall raara usoro ahụ nye nwanne ya nwanyị nke tọrọ ya, onye e kpebiri na ọ bụ igbu ọchụ na 2004 ma bụrụkwa onye a na-edozighị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Witherspoon|first=Chris|title=Tamron Hall talks 'Deadline: Crime' and opens up about her sister's murder|url=http://thegrio.com/2013/08/30/tamron-hall-talks-deadline-crime-and-opens-up-about-her-sisters-murder/#52886333|work=The Grio|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=October 30, 2013}}</ref> === ''Ihe ngosi Taa'' === Na Febụwarị 24, 2014, Hall malitere dị ka onye na-akwado Today's Take (Oge nke atọ nke Today Show na Natalie Morales, Al Roker na Willie Geist), na-aghọ nwanyị Afrịka Amerịka mbụ na-akwado ''Taa''. N'ụbọchị ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ahụ, ọ na-eyi jaket nke onye Amerịka na-agụ egwu na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ Lena Horne, nke ọ zụrụ na ire ala Horne. Horne ka bụ isi ihe na-akpali Hall.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sangweni|first=Yolanda|title=EXCLUSIVE: Tamron Hall on Being First Black Woman To Co-Anchor 'Today' Show|url=https://www.essence.com/2014/02/24/exclusive-tamron-hall-being-first-black-woman-co-anchor-today-show|work=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence]]|date=February 24, 2014|accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2017, mgbe netwọk ahụ nyere Megyn Kelly ohere ya ''Taa'', Hall kwụsịrị na nkwekọrịta ya wee kpebie ịhapụ NBC kama iwere obere ọrụ.<ref name="wcti12">{{Cite web|author=Mumbi Moody|first=Nekesa|title=Tamron Hall's faith in herself pays off with new show, life|url=https://wcti12.com/news/entertainment/tamron-halls-faith-in-herself-pays-off-with-new-show-life|work=WCTI.com|publisher=WCTI ABC News Channel 12|accessdate=September 8, 2019|date=September 5, 2019}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 1, 2017, na nkwekọrịta Hall na-agwụ n'ime ọnwa ahụ, NBC News and Hall wepụtara nkwupụta nkwonkwo na-akwado mkpebi Ụlọ Nzukọ ịpụ na NBC na MSNBC..<ref>{{Cite news|author=Koblin|first=John|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/business/media/tamron-hall-leaves-nbc.html|title=Tamron Hall Leaves 'Today' Show and MSNBC|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 1, 2017|accessdate=February 1, 2017}}</ref> === Tamron Hall (ihe ngosi okwu) === N'ọnwa Julaị 2017, a mara ọkwa na Hall na Harvey Weinstein nọ na-emepụta ihe ngosi okwu ụbọchị nke Ụlọ Nzukọ ga-edozi ma bụrụ onye isi.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Steinberg|first=Brian|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/tamron-hall-talk-show-weinstein-television-1202493387/|title=Tamron Hall to Develop New Talk Show With Weinstein Television|work=Variety|date=July 12, 2017|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, mmekorita nke Hall nwetara ihe ndọghachi azụ mgbe ndị ahụ [[Weinstein gbasara mmekọahụ]] dara.<ref name="wcti12"/> N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2018, Hall sonyeere Disney-ABC Domestic Television nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ iji mepụta ma kwado ihe ngosi okwu ehihie.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Steinberg|first=Brian|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/tamron-hall-abc-for-daytime-1202899271/|title=Tamron Hall in Development Deal With ABC for Daytime Show|work=Variety|date=August 8, 2018|accessdate=August 8, 2018}}</ref> Ihe ngosi ahụ sitere na ABC Owned Television Stations na ngwụcha Septemba 2018. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Otterson|first=Joe|title=ABC O&Os Pick Up Tamron Hall Syndicated Talk Show for Fall 2019|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/abc-oos-pick-up-tamron-hall-syndicated-talk-show-for-fall-2019-1202954583/|accessdate=March 4, 2019|work=Variety|date=September 24, 2018}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba 2018, Hearst Television welitere ihe ngosi maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ahịa 24, yana na Jenụwarị 22, 2019, ABC Entertainment kpọrọ aha. Bill Geddie dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe ngosi ahụ tinyere Hall. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Steinberg|first=Brian|title=Disney Gains New Clearances for Syndicated Tamron Hall Show|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/tamron-hall-disney-hearst-clearances-talk-show-1203078765/|accessdate=March 4, 2019|work=Variety|date=December 3, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Hayes|first=Dade|title=Bill Geddie, Co-Creator Of 'The View,' Boards New Tamron Hall Syndicated Show As Executive Producer|url=https://deadline.com/2019/01/bill-geddie-co-creator-of-the-view-boards-new-tamron-hall-syndicated-show-as-executive-producer-1202539066/|accessdate=March 4, 2019|work=Deadline|publisher=Penske Business Media|date=January 22, 2019|language=en}}</ref> Na Septemba 9, 2019, Tamron rụpụtara ya Ihe ngosi okwu ehihie nke akpọrọ onwe ya. N'ihe karịrị 85% mkpuchi US nke gụnyere 47 n'ime ahịa 50 kacha elu, na Machị 4, 2019, ekwuputara na ''Tamron Hall'' ga-amalite na Septemba 9, 2019..<ref>{{Cite news|author=Petski|first=Denise|title='Tamron Hall' Syndicated Daytime Talk Show Gets Fall Premiere Date|url=https://deadline.com/2019/03/tamron-hall-syndicated-daytime-talk-show-fall-premiere-date-1202568869/|accessdate=March 4, 2019|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> Na June 2020, a na-asọpụrụ [[Tamron Hall|''Tamron Hall'']] ka National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences kwanyere ya ugwu site na nhọpụta Emmy ụbọchị atọ, na mmeri nnabata Hall bụ akara oge mbụ kemgbe mmalite ihe nrite ahụ na 2015 na onye ọbịa ọhụrụ bụ onye natara nsọpụrụ ahụ. Ụlọ Nzukọ natakwara a NAACP Image Awards maka Outstanding Talk Series maka Tamron Hall na oge ọhụrụ ya na Septemba 2020, Hall nabatara Gracie Award maka Outstanding talk Show Host ma nyefee nsọpụrụ ahụ na Breonna Taylor. Na Nọvemba 8, 2021, ABC kwupụtara na emegharịrị ihe ngosi ahụ maka oge nke anọ na nke ise, site na 2024.. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hayes|first=Dade|date=November 8, 2021|title='Tamron Hall' Renewed Through 2024 By ABC Owned TV Stations Group|url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/tamron-hall-renewed-through-2024-abc-daytime-talk-show-1234869773/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> === ''Onye ha maara... Mụ na Tamron Hall'' === Na Nọvemba 2021, CourtTV kwupụtara na Halllọ Nzukọ ga-abụ onye ọbịa nke usoro mpụ n'ezie, Onye Ha Maara… ya na Tamron Hall. Ihe ngosi a malitere na Jenụwarị 9, 2022. Na June 2022, emegharịrị ihe ngosi ahụ maka oge nke abụọ, nke ewepụtara na Febụwarị 2023. === Ọdịdị ndị ọzọ === E gosipụtara Hall na 2014 nke Running Wild na Bear Grylls ebe ya na Bear Glylls gbara ụkwụ ruo ụbọchị abụọ na ugwu ugwu Pink nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Utah. Ha kwatuo ọtụtụ ọnụ ọnụ ugwu, sie squirrel n’ọkụ, ma jiri ụkwụ gawa n’ala dị warara. O mere ka onye ọbịa dị ka onwe yaGeneral Hospital na Septemba 13, 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|author=|authorlink=Soap Opera Digest|title=Tamron Hall to Guest on GH|url=https://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/tamron-hall-to-guest-on-gh/|accessdate=September 13, 2019|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|date=September 11, 2019}}</ref> === Onye dere ya === Akwụkwọ akụkọ mpụta mbụ nke Ụlọ Nzukọ, Dị ka Watch Wicked, ka ebipụtara nke mbụ Ọktoba 26, 2021, jiri mbipụta mbụ 100,000. Ọ bụ akwụkwọ mbụ n'ime usoro ihe omimi ya "Jordan Manning".".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.libraryjournal.com/?detailStory=mostly-cozy-plus-new-black-crime-reporter-jordan-manning-mystery-previews-october-2021-pt.-1---prepub-alert|title=Mostly Cozy, Plus a Debut from Emmy Award Winner Tamron Hall: Mystery Previews|work=libraryjournal.com|date=October 2021|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZ9nzgEACAAJ|title=As the Wicked Watch: A Novel|isbn=9780063209466|author=Hall|first=Tamron|date=October 26, 2021|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers}}</ref> Na Machị 12, 2024, e wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ nke Hall na usoro ahụ, Watch Where They Hide. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2024/03/12/watch-where-they-hide-tamron-hall-review/72939500007/=|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> == Onyinye na nhọpụta == Ihe nrite mgbasa ozi nke Ụlọ Nzukọ na nkwado gụnyere: * Nhọpụta Emmy maka akụkọ ndị ahịa ya, "The Bottom Line," nke mbụ gosipụtara na 1999.<ref name="temple">{{Cite web|title=Tamron Hall, 2010 Alumni Hall of Fame Honoree, Anchor, MSNBC|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209012636/https://lewkleinawards.com/hall-of-fame/|url=https://lewkleinawards.com/hall-of-fame/|work=Temple University Klein College of Media and Communication|publisher=Temple University|archivedate=December 9, 2019|accessdate=September 8, 2019}}</ref> * 2010: O meriri Lew Klein Alumni na Media award site na Temple University ma bụrụ Alumni Hall of Fame Honoree.[1]<ref name="temple" /> * Ọktoba 2010: O jere ozi dị ka onye nta akụkọ nke NBC News "The Inauguration of Barack Obama, nke a họpụtara maka Emmy. * 2011: Nhọpụta Emmy maka akụkụ a na-akpọ "Education Nation: Teacher Town Hall". * 2016: O nwetara onyinye Edward R. Murrow maka akụkọ ya gbasara mmetọ n'ụlọ. * 2020: Ntinye aha NAACP Image Awards maka Outstanding Talk Series maka ihe ngosi okwu ya akpọrọ onwe ya. * 2020: O meriri Daytime Emmy Award maka Outstanding Informative Talk Show Host maka ihe ngosi okwu aha ya. * 2020: Gracie Awards Honoree maka Outstanding Talk Show Host-Entertainment nke Alliance for Women in Media Foundation gosipụtara. * 2021: Ntinye aha NAACP Image Awards maka usoro okwu pụtara ìhè maka Tamron Hall. * 2022: O meriri NATPE Iris Award maka Onyinye maka Ịdị Mma, Onye Na-eme Ihe nkiri telivishọn * 2022: O meriri Daytime Emmy Award maka Outstanding Informative Talk Show Host maka ihe ngosi okwu aha ya. * 2024: Ntinye aha NAACP Image Awards maka Onye Nlekọta pụtara ìhè na Okwu ma ọ bụ Akụkọ / Ozi maka ihe ngosi okwu ya akpọrọ onwe ya. E gosipụtakwala Ụlọ Nzukọ n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, gụnyere ''Ebony'', ''Forbes'', People, na The Huffington Post.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamron Hall – Meet the Faces of MSNBC|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/20074213/ns/msnbc-meet_the_faces_of_msnbc/t/tamron-hall/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131232450/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/20074213/ns/msnbc-meet_the_faces_of_msnbc/t/tamron-hall/|work=NBC News|archivedate=January 31, 2013|accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> Hall bụ 2017 Honorary Muse na Krewe of Muses parade n'oge Mardi Gras na New Orleans. == Mgbasa ozi megide ime ihe ike n'ụlọ == N'afọ 2004, e gburu nwanne nwanyị Hall bụ Renate mgbe Ime ihe ike n'ụlọ gasịrị. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị uwe ojii gwara ezinụlọ Hall na mbụ na ha kwenyesiri ike banyere njirimara onye wakporo ya, ebughị onye ahụ ebubo ma ikpe ahụ ka na-edozighị. N'oge a na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ na Television Critics Association na Jenụwarị 2014, Ụlọ Nzukọ kọwara na-enweta oku ekwentị na nwanne ya nwanyị a hụrụ nwụrụ anwụ, na-achọpụta na, n'ịtụle anya, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe ịrịba ama nke mmegbu n'ụlọ, ma na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla o mere itinye aka, na akụkụ na-ata onwe ya ụta maka ọnwụ nke ezinụlọ. nwanne ya nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ross|first=L.A.|url=https://www.thewrap.com/tca-tamron-hall-reveals-personal-regrets-sisters-unsolved-murder/|title=Tamron Hall Reveals Personal Regrets in Sister's Unsolved Murder|work=[[TheWrap]]|date=January 9, 2014|accessdate=September 16, 2020}}</ref> maka ụlọ akwụkwọ na ogige ndị ga-agbasa mmata maka mmekọrịta ndị ntorobịa nke mmetụta uche na nke anụ ahụ. Mgbalị ị nweta ego nke Ụlọ Nzukọ welitere ihe karịrị $40,000 wee rite uruHall kwuru na ahụmịhe onwe ya na ime ihe ike n'ụlọ maka ịkwaga ''Deadline: Crime''. N'otu blọọgụ nke post nke Ụlọ Nzukọ maka Taa bipụtara, o dere banyere mgba nke ikwu okwu banyere nwanne ya nwanyị na igbu ọchụ ya na-enweghị ngwọta. Na mbụ, ụjọ tụrụ ya n'ihi na o chere na "a ga-ahụ ya ka ọ na-erigbu nsogbu ahụ". Ọ kpebighị ime ihe ruo mgbe ọtụtụ afọ gachara.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Tamron|author=Hall|title=Tamron Hall: Why my fight against domestic abuse is personal|url=http://www.today.com/health/tamron-hall-why-my-fight-against-domestic-abuse-personal-1D80070864|work=Today.com|date=August 18, 2014|accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, ''Taa'' malitere mkpọsa "Shine A Light", ebe onye ọ bụla na-eme ihe ngosi ahụ họọrọ ihe kpatara ya iji kwado n'afọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shine a Light TODAY|url=https://www.facebook.com/ShineALightTODAY/|publisher=Facebook|accessdate=September 8, 2019}}</ref> Hall họọrọ ịlụ ọgụ megide mmetọ n'ụlọ, na ebumnuche ịmepụta PSA maka ụlọ akwụkwọ na ogige nke ga-agbasa mmata banyere mmekọrịta ndị na-eto eto na mmetụta uche na anụ ahụ. Mgbalị Hall na-eme iji nweta ego karịrị $ 40,000 ma baara Day One New York uru, nke na-enyere aka ịlụso mmetọ mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị ọgụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamron Hall|url=https://www.crowdrise.com/tamron|work=[[Crowdrise]]|accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == N'afọ 2017, Hall malitere ịkpa onye isi egwu Steven Greener. Na mbido 2019, di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ di ma biri na Harlem ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Steven Greener, Tamron Hall's Husband: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|url=https://heavy.com/news/2019/03/steven-greener/|work=Heavy|accessdate=September 8, 2019|date=March 4, 2019|archivedate=March 22, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322083631/https://heavy.com/news/2019/03/steven-greener/}}</ref> N'Eprel 25, 2019, Hall mgba na nwoke nwoke.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Merrett|first=Robyn|title=It's a Boy! Tamron Hall, 48, Welcomes Son Moses: 'Tears of Joy'|url=https://people.com/parents/tamron-hall-welcomes-first-child-moses/|accessdate=September 8, 2019|work=People|publisher=Meredith Corporation|date=April 25, 2019}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu National Association of Black Journalists . <ref name="temple"/> == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9z1g4x166ew3hvgkte66fsuqlc2ko3k Wintringham ọkachamara na nlekọta ndị agadi 0 40037 696858 182754 2026-08-04T22:56:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696858 wikitext text/x-wiki Wintringham, nke Faịka na Victoria, Australia, [1] bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmepụta ụwa, nke na-enye paying na-enye Nkwado, Nkwado na ọrụ ozi ndị agadi na ndị ikom na ndị inyom na- mama ebe obibi obibi.  , na ndị agadi na-eche ego bụ ndị n'ihe ize ndụ nke ọnwụ ebe obibi. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Wintringham tọrọ ntọala na 1989 site na Bryan Lipmann. Ọ nọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka jackaroo n'ime ọhịa na, mgbe ọ laghachiri Melbourne, ọ nwetara akara mmụta Social Work. Ọ nwetara ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na Gordon House, otu n'ime ebe nchekwa abalị Melbourne, ebe ihe ruru 300 ndị ikom na ndị inyom na-enweghị ebe obibi bi, ụfọdụ n'ime ha ruo ọtụtụ afọ, n'okpuru ọnọdụ egwu. <ref>Gawenda, Michael (1983). "Survival: A struggle against despair on the streets". The Age.</ref> Ọ ghọrọ mantra Wintringham na ndị ahịa bụ “ndị agadi na ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi” na ọ bụghị “ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na ndị agadi” yabụ kwesịrị ịbụ akụkụ nke mmemme ego nlekọta ndị agadi gọọmentị etiti Australia na ọ bụghị usoro ọrụ enweghị ebe obibi. .Na 2013, Elaine Farrelly, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-ede akwụkwọ na Melbourne, akwụkwọ metụtara ihe mere eme nke Wintringham a na-akpọ "The Wintringham Story" N’ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2015, Lord Mayor of Melbourne nyere Bryan Lipmann “Melburnian of the Year” <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/ABOUTMELBOURNE/MELBOURNEAWARDS/Pages/MelburnianoftheYear.aspx |title='City of Melbourne website Melburnian of the Year' |accessdate=2024-04-02 |archivedate=2015-11-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126221522/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/AboutMelbourne/MelbourneAwards/Pages/MelburnianoftheYear.aspx }}</ref> n’ịkwado oke aka ya na ndụ obodo. == Gịnị kpatara 'Wintringham'? == Enwere foto mgbasa ozi ama ama nke Tiny Wintringham, nwa amadi na-enweghị ebe obibi na ogwe aka ya gbatịrị n'ọnụ ụzọ nke Gordon House mbụ, ebe nchekwa abalị ebe o bi na 1960s. <ref>"Tiny's big fight to save Gordon House". The Age, April 14, 1970</ref>N'afọ 1970, ndị nwe Gordon House ihe ihe ụlọ ahụ.  N'ịmara na ya, na ndị ọzọ bi ogologo oge, ga-esi otú ahụ mee ka ha ghara inwe ebe obibi, Tiny gakwuuru ndị agha, ndị otu Norm Gallagher (onye ndú nke Builders Laborers Federation ) na akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.  O mere zuru oke na Gọọmenti steeti ekere ụlọ Gordon ọzọ maka Tiny na ndị otu ya.  E hotara Tiny n’akwụkwọ bụ́ The Age ka ọ na-ekwu, sị, “Gordon House bụ ụlọ ịgba egwu—ọ dị mkpa nye ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ bụ ndị na-achọ ike.  Ma ha achọghị sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ ebere ma ọ bụ òtù.  Ha akara onwe na akwụkwọ onwe—ka ha bụrụ ndị ikom ha ruo ókè o kwere mee.” == Ọrụ Wintringham == Wintringham na-enye nkwado na ọrụ nye ndị agadi nwoke na ndị nwanyị 2000 kwa ụbọchị, ọtụtụ n'ime ha enweghị ebe obibi ma ọ bụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịghọ ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi. Wintringham nwere ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi edebanyere aha isii na-ejikwa ihe karịrị ngwugwu nlekọta ndị agadi 600 gọọmentị etiti na-akwado, nwere ndị mgbasa ozi na ndị na-akwado ya, yana site na enyemaka ya Wintringham Housing Ltd, nwere ma ọ bụ na-elekọta ihe dị ka ụlọ obibi ndị agadi 500 nọọrọ onwe ha. Wintringham esorola Allen Kong Architect <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allenkongarchitect.com.au/|title=Allen Kong Architect|accessdate=10 February 2013|archivedate=4 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404063622/http://allenkongarchitect.com.au/}}</ref> rụkọọ ọrụ n'ịrụ McLean Lodge, Port Melbourne Hostel, Atkins Terrace Housing, Ron Conn Nursing Home, Eunice Seddon Home yana na mweghachi nke Alexander Miller Trust Pọtụfoliyo nke ụlọ na mpaghara Victoria. == International Awards == <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldhabitatawards.org/|title=World Habitat Awards|publisher=Building and Social Housing Foundation|accessdate=10 February 2013|archivedate=11 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111081842/http://www.worldhabitatawards.org/}}</ref>Na 1998, Port Melbourne Hostel bụ ụlọ mbụ nke Australia iji nweta nrite World Habitat a ma ama. N'afọ 2011, e nyere Wintringham akwụkwọ mkpesa nke nke United Nations .  [1] N'asụsụ ahụ, UN Habitat kwuru na "Nke a bụ nke mbụ UN-HABITAT na-amata akara e sauran maka ndị agadi, na nke mbụ e nyere ọrụ Australia." == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] g7ja9r9h8nwk5n9lrmx5caqbov4jsq9 Usoro Nnyocha Ụgbọala Ọhụrụ nke Australasia 0 40103 696849 654286 2026-08-04T20:47:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696849 wikitext text/x-wiki  Fikinọ Nleba ụgbọ ala Ọhụrụ nke Ọstrelia ( ANCAP ) bụ mmemme nleba anya nwapụtara ala dabere na Australia ma hiwere na 1993. ANCAP bụ ngwaahịa na mkpọka nke ụgbọ ala rere n'Australia na ibipụta pụta a maka abamuru nke ndị na-azụ ahịa.  ahuhu.  ANCAP na-enye ndị na-azụ ụmụ ahụhụ doro anya na ozi gbasara nke ndị bi na nchekwa ndị na-agafe agafe nke ụdị ụgbọ ala dị iche iche na-enye n'ụdị mkpọka a na-Man, yana ike ha-site  na mmasị-iji zere ndakpọ. ihe atụ 1993, ANCAP njikọla ule okuku (dị ka nke 2015) maka ihe ụgbọ ala azụmahịa 515 na-ere na Australia na New Zealand .  A na-enye ụgbọ ala ihe nchekwa nchekwa ANCAP nke dị n'etiti otu ugboro ise na ise na-egosi ọkwa nchekwa ha na-enye ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dara.  Ka Bill na-, ụgbọ ala a na-eme nke ọma na ule ANCAP.  Iji nweta oke nchekwa nchekwa nchekwa ise ANCAP, ụgbọ ala ga-enweta ihi ihi elu na ule niile, , o kwuru nchekwa dị elu. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-01|title=ANCAP and EuroNCAP now aligned…|url=https://practicalmotoring.com.au/car-news/ancap-euroncap-now-aligned/|accessdate=2020-07-11|work=Practical Motoring|language=en-AU|archivedate=2020-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711230208/https://practicalmotoring.com.au/car-news/ancap-euroncap-now-aligned/}}</ref>N'afọ 2018, ANCAP nakweere usoro iwu Euro NCAP, na akara akara n' nchekwa mpaghara. == Esemokwu == <ref name="whichcar">{{Cite web|url=https://www.whichcar.com.au/features/ancap-testing-relevance-2021|title=ANCAP: Do we even need it?|author=Smy|first=Damion|work=Which Car?|date=2021-08-21|accessdate=2023-09-17}}</ref>ANCAP bụ isiokwu nkatọ.  Nnwale nha anya na ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ (dị ka Euro NCAP na ASEAN NCAP ) na-ahụta ndị na-ahụ ihe nhata na ANCAP, na-ama ọdịiche ọdịiche egwuregwu irẹ na uru nke onye na-onye ụtụ isi na- ayyi pay maka usoro  nchekwa nchekwa mgbe nke ụlọ ọrụ Automotive dị na Australia, dị ka onye ọ llala.  ule nwere ike na-eri ihe ruru $750,000 AUD.  Na mgbakwunye, ewelitela ihe gbasara akpa n'onwe ya.  ANCAP lekwasịrị anya na sistemu ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, dị ka AEB, nke bụ iwu iji ozi ise.  Nke a na-enye nhọrọ ụfọdụ ụgbọ ala nchekwa nchekwa nchekwa akwa dị elu site na iji ngwa eletrọnịkị dị ọnụ ala. <ref name="drive19">{{Cite news|url=https://www.drive.com.au/news/the-hidden-tragedy-behind-our-rising-road-toll/|title=The hidden tragedy behind our rising road toll|work=Drive Magazine|publisher=Drive|date=2019-07-07|accessdate=2023-09-17}}</ref>Esemokwu na-ebilitekwa maka ọkọlọtọ ọkwa n'onwe ya na-ama anya na nchekwa ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, nche nke ndị ọrụ okporo ụzọ ndị ọzọ.  Toyota HiLux 2022 dɔtara ọnwụ 5.71 n'ime otu mfe mkpọka, ebe Mazda 3 nke 2012 butere ikike 3.1 n'otu mkpọka 100, ihe ihe nke nta ka ọ ọkara nke ọnwụ ndị ji ụkwụ aga.  [1] N'agbanyeghị nke a, HiLux na-enweta ọkwa nchekwa ANCAP dị elu.  [2] Esemokwu ọzọ na-ebilite maka usoro, nke na-emezu- n'oge ule niile, na-ebute usoro nke ike iji ya ogologo oge ọ lara. == Otu ndị otu == * ACT Justice and Community Safety Directorate * Australian Automobile Association * Australian Government – Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development * Automobile Association of the Northern Territory * FIA Foundation for the Automobile and Society * New Zealand Automobile Association * NRMA * Ministry of Transport (New Zealand) * NZ Transport Agency * Queensland Department of Transport &amp;amp; Main Roads * Royal Automobile Association of South Australia * Royal Automobile Club of Queensland * Royal Automobile Club of Tasmania * Royal Automobile Club of Victoria * Royal Automobile Club of Western Australia * SA Department for Infrastructure &amp;amp; Transport * Tasmanian Department of State Growth * Transport for NSW – Centre for Road Safety * VicRoads * Victorian Transport Accident Commission * Western Australia Department of Transport * Western Australia Office of Road Safety == Nnwale == Ọnụ ego nke imepụta otu ọkwa ANCAP bụ A$ . Na 2019-2020, 95% nke ụgbọ ala ọhụrụ erere ka nwalere. == Otu ntụnyere == A na-achịkọta nsonaazụ ya n'ime klas iri na asaa na-achọsiwanye ike: * 1993–1994 * 1995–1998 * 1999-2000 * 2001-2002 * 2003-2007 * 2008-2010 * 2011 * 2012 * 2013 * 2014 * 2015 * 2016 * 2017 * 2018-2019 * 2020-2022 * 2023-2024 * 2025+ == Amanyere iwu mkpado == <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://paultan.org/2020/05/18/asean-ncap-and-kpdnhep-mandatory-safety-rating-labels-begin-appearing-on-new-cars-in-showrooms/|title=ASEAN NCAP and KPDNHEP mandatory safety rating labels begin appearing on new cars in showrooms - paultan.org|date=May 18, 2020}}</ref>Nwa afọ 2020, ọ bụ iwu iji gosi akara nchekwa yana ụgbọ ala ngosi niile na Malaysia.  Ozi e biri ebi gosiri na-egosi nke ajụjụ braking njikwa, eletrọnị nkwụsi ike njikwa, taya-nrụgide usoro, ugwu-ejide, isi ọsọ esi, okuku eCall, mbie eCall, na-egbu, ike ike, ma ọ  bụ ụdịpụ uche isi aka ná ntị, eje- izu ohi na : kụkụ isi dị ka ike.  O yighị ka NCAPs dị obere mpaghara nke mpaghara ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị enye ìhè maka ire ọkụ, nsi ọkụ, ndụ ndụ,, ihu igwe n'ezie, mmiri mmiri, ndị ọrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, dri dị iche iche.  iche nke ndụ, cybersecurity adịghị ike, ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala dị arọ ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị eme njem.  na-amachibido == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} 90cpkwz8eaz2qswb8gepjuexf20icen The Vine Trust 0 40905 696841 164699 2026-08-04T18:01:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:The_Vine_Trust_barge_(geograph_5054869).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Isi ụlọ ọrụ Vine Trust, na Leith Docks]] [[Usòrò:Amazon_Hope_Boat_moored_outside_Peruvian_village.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| ''Amazon Hope 2'', gbara n'èzí ime obodo dị na Loreto, Peru.]] '''Vine Trust''' bụ ọrụ ebere mba ụwa dabere na Leith, Scotland . Ọ na-etinye aka na mmemme afọ ofufo na ịkwado nnyefe nke ọrụ ahụike, nke bụ isi ọrụ '''olileanya Amazon''' na [[Peru]] na ọrụ '''Jubilee Hope''' na [[Tanzania]] . Otu ihe jikọrọ na ọrụ abụọ a bụ iji ụgbọ mmiri ọgwụ na-ebuga nlekọta ahụike na obodo ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ. Vine Trust nwere ihe enyemaka nwere nke ọma, '''Programa Medico Esperanza Amazonica del Peru''' (PMEAP), nke ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Peru. <ref name="rep2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oscr.org.uk/downloadfile.aspx?id=136823&type=5&charityid=SC017386&arid=220455|title=Report and Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ending 31 December 2016|publisher=The Vine Trust|accessdate=2 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202121143/https://www.oscr.org.uk/downloadfile.aspx?id=136823&type=5&charityid=SC017386&arid=220455|archivedate=2 February 2018}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. The Vine Trust. Archived from on 2 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> E hiwere ntụkwasị obi ahụ na 1985, bụ Albert Bogle, onye ozi nke Ụka Scotland na onye bụbu Onye Nhazi nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke ụka ahụ hiwere. Vine Trust nwere nkwado nke Anne, Princess Royal . <ref name="prvt">{{Cite web|url=http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/news_and_events/news/2017/hrh_the_princess_royal_visits_the_vine_trust_medical_ship_in_peru|title=HRH The Princess Royal visits the Vine Trust medical ship in Peru|publisher=[[Church of Scotland]]|date=20 September 2017|accessdate=30 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101124943/http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/news_and_events/news/2017/hrh_the_princess_royal_visits_the_vine_trust_medical_ship_in_peru|archivedate=1 November 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/news_and_events/news/2017/hrh_the_princess_royal_visits_the_vine_trust_medical_ship_in_peru "HRH The Princess Royal visits the Vine Trust medical ship in Peru"]. [[Ụka Scotland|Church of Scotland]]. 20 September 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171101124943/http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/news_and_events/news/2017/hrh_the_princess_royal_visits_the_vine_trust_medical_ship_in_peru Archived] from the original on 1 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ ebere ahụ nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ, tụgharịrị ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na ebe ogbako, ma nọrọ na Leith Docks . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vinetrust.org/about/vine-trust-barge|title=The Vine Trust Barge|publisher=The Vine Trust|accessdate=2 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202154958/https://www.vinetrust.org/about/vine-trust-barge|archivedate=2 February 2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ na Peru == Amazon Hope bụ ọrụ dabere na Loreto na ugwu Peru, nke PMEAP na-arụ. Ọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ọgwụ abụọ - ''Amazon Hope 2'' na ''Forth Hope'' . Ụgbọ mmiri ọgwụ ahụ na-eme njem kwa ọnwa n'akụkụ osimiri Amazon na osimiri ndị ọzọ dị na Loreto iji nyere ndị obodo dị n'akụkụ osimiri aka ahụike. Ọrụ a na-ezube ileba anya na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịkwado ahụike ọha na eze, agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na mmiri dị mma na mmekorita ya na gọọmentị mpaghara na mba. <ref name="rep2016"/> <ref name="prvt"/> == Ọrụ na Tanzania == Jubilee Hope bụ ọrụ dabere na mpaghara [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria|ọdọ mmiri Victoria]] nke Tanzania, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị isi ahụike obodo yana [[Africa Inland Church Tanzania]] (AICT). Ọrụ ahụ na-arụ ụgbọ mmiri ọgwụ, ''Jubilee Hope'' (MMSI 236111935), na-ebuga nlekọta ahụike n'obodo ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ọkọlọtọ Gibraltar, nke Royal Navy na-arụbu ya. <ref name="rep2016"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ltd|first=Sanctus Media|title=Jubilee Hope: Medical Expedition {{!}} Vine Trust|url=https://www.vinetrust.org/media/album/jubilee-hope|work=www.vinetrust.org|accessdate=16 February 2018|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Vessel details for: JUBILEE HOPE (Medical Trans) - MMSI 236111935, Call Sign ZDNI3 Registered in Gibraltar {{!}} AIS Marine Traffic|url=https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:204346/mmsi:236111935/imo:0/vessel:JUBILEE_HOPE|work=MarineTraffic.com|accessdate=16 February 2018|language=en}}</ref> Ọ ga-egosipụta na akụkụ anọ STV akwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=STV plc|url=http://www.stvplc.tv/blog/2016/06/the-epic-voyage-of-the-jubilee-hope-travels-to-africa-on-stv|work=www.stvplc.tv|accessdate=16 February 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=OSCR document|url=https://www.oscr.org.uk/downloadfile.aspx?id=136823&type=5&charityid=SC017386&arid=220455|accessdate=16 February 2018|archivedate=2 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202121143/https://www.oscr.org.uk/downloadfile.aspx?id=136823&type=5&charityid=SC017386&arid=220455}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=A&P Falmouth Assists Ship 'Jubilee Hope' on Charity Voyage to Africa|url=https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/103603/ap-falmouth-assists-ship-jubilee-hope-on-charity-voyage-to-africa/|work=World Maritime News|date=4 February 2014|accessdate=16 February 2018|archivedate=17 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217082401/https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/103603/ap-falmouth-assists-ship-jubilee-hope-on-charity-voyage-to-africa/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/02/navy-ship-jubilee-hope-tanzania-healthcare|title=Royal Navy ship finds new life as mobile medical centre in Tanzania|first=Caroline|author=Davies|date=2 October 2014|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2 February 2018}}</ref> Ọrụ ndị ọzọ na Tanzania gụnyere mmemme iwu ụlọ iji wuo ụmụaka ndị nne na nna nwụnahụrụ HIV/AIDS na [[Iba|ịba]] . Ha na-enye ohere maka ụlọ akwụkwọ iziga otu ụmụ akwụkwọ njem na S5/6 gaa Tanzania iji nyere aka na usoro iwu ụlọ <ref name="rep2016"/> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category|The Vine Trust}} ọgwụ abụọ - Amazon Hope 2 na Forth Hope . Ụgbọ mmiri ọgwụ ahụ na-eme njem kwa ọnwa n'akụkụ osimiri Amazon na osimiri ndị ọzọ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240406163943/https://www.vinetrust.org/ Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị nke Vine Trust] * [https://www.youtube.com/amazonhope Vidiyo YouTube nke oru olile anya Amazon] * https://web.archive.org/web/20120215110446/http://www.bo-ness.org.uk/html/news/Amazon2-210805.htm pxbmyt3vflk7vk9ofabi31mtyrlfso9 Wilfred Kitching 0 42336 696857 177209 2026-08-04T22:30:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696857 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Installatie van Kolonel Palstra tot territoriaal leider van het Leger des Heils,, Bestanddeelnr 911-0245.jpg|thumb]]   Wilfred Kitching CBE (22 Ọgọst 1893 – 15 Disemba 1977) bụ onye ọrụ nchekwa ndị agha Britain bụ onye isi nke asaa ha n'etiti 1954 na 1963 == Akụkọ ndụ == Amụrụ na Wood Green, London, nye Theodore na Jane Kitching (née Cranshaw);  nna ya bụkwa onye isi ndị agha Salvation.  Wilfred gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Friern Barnet Grammar .  [1] Ọ́ onye isi ndị agha mgbe ọ dị afọ 20 na 1914. Ọ ga-eje ozi ihe ụmụaka afọ 30 na nhọpụta ụlọ ọrụ, ngalaba na nke isi ụlọ ọrụ, yana Territory Britain Ya na Adjutant Kathleen Bristow ngosi na 1929. Na 1946, e ndidi ya ije ozi n'Australia South dị ka ike ukwu.  E nwere ya na Sweden ka ọ bụrụ Ọchịagha Territorial na 1948. Na 1951 ọ pụtara British Commissioner. Ndị High Council Kọmishọna General nke Salvation Army na 1954. N'ime awụ ọ bụ onye isi, o dere ọtụtụ abụ n’akwụkwọ abụ nke Salvation Army.  Na 1961, e nyere ya Hon.  LLD na Yonsei, Korea, na CBE na 1964. O dekwara akwụkwọ abụọ, Soldier of Salvation (1963), na ndị ndụ ya, A Goodly Heritage (1967).  General Kitching lara ezumike nka na 22 Nọvemba 1963 General Wilfred Kitching nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 84. E liri ya na New Camberwell Cemetery <ref>London Cemeteries: An Illustrated Guide and Gazetteer, by Hugh Meller & Brian Parsons</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180709022720/http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/en/Who-We-Are/History-and-heritage/Salvation-Army-generals/Wilfred-Kitching/ Wilfred Kitching na The Salvation Army] {{s-start}} {{succession box|before=[[Albert Orsborn]]|title=[[Generals of The Salvation Army|General of The Salvation Army]]|years=1954&ndash;1963|after=[[Frederick Coutts]]}} {{s-end}} [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] 3a0u5iwg8k4u4uaxeu5rlx0ntx2x1gn Òtù ndị agha na-agba ụbọ akwara na Australia 0 42477 696861 452799 2026-08-05T01:10:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696861 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref name="Oxford">{{Cite book|editor=Bebbington|title=The Oxford companion to Australian music|date=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195534320|pages=68, 501|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCAKAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Salvation+Army%22|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref>Ndị otu ndị agha Salvation nwere ogologo ihe mere eme n'Australia, [1] [2] nke izizi hibere na 1881 na Adelaide, South Australia .  [3] Ka ọ na-erule ọrụ 1990s, Australia nwere ndị otu ndị agadi 200 na ndị otu Salvation Army junior 130 == Otu egwu == Ndị a bụ Salvation Army Bands dabere na Australia: {| class="wikitable" !Band !Founded !Current Bandmaster |- |Adelaide Congress Hall Band | |Rod Carger |- |Albury Corps Band of The Salvation Army |- |Armidale Corps Band of The Salvation Army | | |- |Belmore Band of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://my.salvos.org.au/about-us/contact-us/find-the-salvos-near-you/place/eskc/|title=Belmore Corps|work=Salvos.org.au|accessdate=20 November 2016}}</ref> | |Joshua Kim |- |Blacktown Band of The Salvation Army | |Doug Hardy |- |Brisbane City Temple Band of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://salvos.org.au/brisbanecitytemple/ministries/music/brisbane-city-temple-band/|title=Brisbane City Temple Band » salvos.org.au/Brisbanecitytemple/|work=salvos.org.au|accessdate=17 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519133606/http://salvos.org.au/brisbanecitytemple/ministries/music/brisbane-city-temple-band/|archivedate=19 May 2009}}</ref> |1885 |Tim Green |- |Bundamba Band of The Salvation Army | |Gary Rule |- |Campsie Brass Band of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://salvos.org.au/campsie/ministries/musical-sections/campsie-band/|title=Campsie Band " salvos.org.au/campsie/|work=Salvos.org.au|accessdate=20 November 2016}}</ref> |1912<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://salvos.org.au/campsie/about-us/history/|title=History|work=Salvos.org.au|date=21 June 1912|accessdate=20 November 2016|archivedate=21 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121104319/https://salvos.org.au/campsie/about-us/history/}}</ref> |Glendon Hanna |- |Capricorn Region Brass Band of The Salvation Army | |Gavin Ivers |- |Carindale Brass Band of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://salvos.org.au/cmg/whats-on/carina-mt-gravatt-band/|title=The Salvation Army Carindale|work=Salvos.org.au|date=27 October 2016|accessdate=20 November 2016|archivedate=25 March 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325012924/http://salvos.org.au/cmg/whats-on/carina-mt-gravatt-band/}}</ref> | |Jared Proellocks |- |[[Chatswood Citadel Band]] of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://salvos.org.au/contact/find-a-church/|title=Find A Church Near You|first=The Salvation Army Australia Eastern Territory|author=THQ|work=Salvos.org.au|accessdate=20 November 2016|archivedate=25 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325193405/http://salvos.org.au/contact/find-a-church/}}</ref> | |Allan Snitch |- |[[Dulwich Hill Temple Band]] of The Salvation Army |1887<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salvoaudio.com/bands/dulwich_hill_temple1_band.htm|title=Salvo Audio – Dulwich Hill Temple Band_From the Hill|work=Salvos.org.au|accessdate=20 November 2016|archivedate=1 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401001104/http://salvoaudio.com/bands/dulwich_hill_temple1_band.htm}}</ref> | |- |Fassifern Corps Band of The Salvation Army | | |- |Gold Coast Temple Band of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://salvos.org.au/goldcoast/ministries/brass-band/bandmaster/|title=Site is currently Offline|work=Salvos.org.au|accessdate=20 November 2016|archivedate=21 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121104548/https://salvos.org.au/goldcoast/ministries/brass-band/bandmaster/}}</ref> | |Jonathan McCorriston |- |[[Gosford Corps of The Salvation Army]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://salvos.org.au/gosford/|title=The Salvation Army – Gosford Corps|first=The Salvation Army Australia Eastern Territory|author=THQ|work=Salvos.org.au|accessdate=20 November 2016}}</ref> | |Stan Webster |- |Grafton Band of The Salvation Army | |Rod Hill |- |Grafton Just Brass | |Garrett Salter |- |Gympie Corps Band of The Salvation Army | | |- |Hurstville Citadel Band of The Salvation Army |1900<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://salvos.org.au/hurstville/our-history/the-salvos-in-hurstville/the-band/|title=The Band|work=Salvos.org.au|accessdate=20 November 2016|archivedate=23 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223223052/http://salvos.org.au/hurstville/our-history/the-salvos-in-hurstville/the-band/}}</ref> |Steven Reay |- |Illawarra Seniors Band | |Graeme Packer |- |Locker Valley Corps Band of The Salvation Army | | |- |Maitland City Corps Band of The Salvation Army | |David Walz |- |Maryborough Corps Band of The Salvation Army | | |- |Melbourne Staff Band of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/msb/|title=Melbourne Staff Band|publisher=The Salvation Army|date=|accessdate=2016-11-20}}</ref> |1890<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/msb/history.asp|title=Melbourne Staff Band|publisher=The Salvation Army|date=|accessdate=2016-11-20|archivedate=2012-08-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825233354/http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/msb/history.asp}}</ref> |Ken Waterworth<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/msb/kwaterworth.asp|title=Melbourne Staff Band|publisher=The Salvation Army|date=|accessdate=2016-11-20|archivedate=2009-10-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008104837/http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/msb/kwaterworth.asp}}</ref> |- |Melbourne Veterans Band of The Salvation Army |1982<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/music/veterans-band.html|title=Veterans Band|work=www.salvationarmy.org.au|accessdate=17 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024001134/http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/music/veterans-band.html|archivedate=24 October 2010}}</ref> |Noel Jones<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/music/veterans-band/band-members-and-executives/band-master/noel-jones.html|title=Noel Jones|work=www.salvationarmy.org.au|accessdate=17 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717032305/http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/music/veterans-band/band-members-and-executives/band-master/noel-jones.html|archivedate=17 July 2011}}</ref> |- |Nambour Citadel Band of The Salvation Army | |Matt Seaman |- |Nambour Just Brass | |Matt Seaman |- |Newcastle Citadel Band of The Salvation Army | | |- |Orange Corps Band of The Salvation Army | | |- |Orange Just Brass | | |- |Parramatta Citadel Band of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salvoaudio.com/bands/parramatta.htm|title=Parramatta Salvation Army Band|publisher=Salvo Audio|accessdate=20 November 2016|archivedate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203848/http://www.salvoaudio.com/bands/parramatta.htm}}</ref> | |Glen Kuiper |- |Parramatta Citadel Young People's Band of The Salvation Army | |Major Colin Young |- |Pine Rivers Band of The Salvation Army | |Gordon |- |Port Macquarie Band of The Salvation Army | |Jim Gebhardt |- |Queensland Divisional Fellowship Band<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salvosfellowshipbandbrisbane.org.au/|title=Home|work=salvosfellowshipbandbrisbane.org.au|accessdate=2024-04-14|archivedate=2022-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302130512/https://salvosfellowshipbandbrisbane.org.au/}}</ref> | |David Wilson |- |Redcliffe City Band of The Salvation Army | |Lt Col Brian Hood |- |Redcliffe City Just Brass | |Myra Janiczak |- |Springwood Corp Band of The Salvation Army | |Ryan Greenaway |- |Stafford Corps Band of The Salvation Army | |Cameron Rablin |- |Sydney Salvation Brass | |Doug Hardy |- |Sydney Congress Hall Band of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salvoaudio.com/bands/congress_hall_sydney_band.htm|title=Congress Hall Band|publisher=Salvo Audio|accessdate=20 November 2016|archivedate=8 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208130838/http://www.salvoaudio.com/bands/congress_hall_sydney_band.htm}}</ref> |1882<ref name="salvos1">{{Cite web|url=http://salvos.org.au/congresshall/about-us/brass-band/|title=Brass Band|work=Salvos.org.au|accessdate=20 November 2016|archivedate=21 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121104512/https://salvos.org.au/congresshall/about-us/brass-band/}}</ref> |Not Applicable since June 2017 |- |Sydney Congress Hall Auxiliary Band<ref name="salvos1" /> |1932 |Not Applicable - non-existent |- |Sydney Veterans Band of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salvoaudio.com/bands/veterans.htm|title=The Veterans Band|publisher=Salvo Audio|accessdate=20 November 2016|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031834/http://www.salvoaudio.com/bands/veterans.htm}}</ref> |1987 |Barrie Gott |- |Sydney Youth Band of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salvoaudio.com/video/sydyouth_video.htm|title=Salvo Audio -The Sydney Youth Band of the Salvation Army|work=www.salvoaudio.com|accessdate=17 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130052213/http://www.salvoaudio.com/video/sydyouth_video.htm|archivedate=30 November 2007}}</ref> |2001 |Captain Peter Gott |- |Tuggeranong Band of The Salvation Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://salvos.org.au/tuggeranong/tag/band/|title=Tag: band|work=Salvos.org.au|accessdate=20 November 2016}}</ref> | |Bruce Edwards |- |Tuggeranong Young People's Band of The Salvation Army | |Curtis Valtonen |- |Taree Corps Band of The Salvation Army | |Kevin Cause |- |Taree Junior Band of The Salvation Army | |Kevin Cause |- |Warwick Corps Band of The Salvation Army | |Adam Cole |- |Wollongong Citadel Band of The Salvation Army<ref name="salvos2">{{Cite web|url=http://salvos.org.au/wollongong/weekly-calendar/|title=Site is currently Offline|work=Salvos.org.au|accessdate=20 November 2016|archivedate=21 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121104353/https://salvos.org.au/wollongong/weekly-calendar/}}</ref> | |Joe McIver |- |Wollongong Citadel Young People's Band of The Salvation Army<ref name="salvos2" /> | |Jason Follett |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] gk3zb0zy99qmi61y7n4h0h0olml2z1f Adel Abdessemed 0 44512 696877 696362 2026-08-05T08:53:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696877 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:AA porttrait.jpg|thumb|AA porttrait]] '''Adel Abdessemed''' (amụrụ n'afọ otu puku narị itoolu iri asaa na otu) bụ onye Algeria-French na-ese ihe n'oge a. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mgbasa ozi dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere ihe nkiri esere ese, ntinye, arụmọrụ, ihe ọkpụkpụ na vidiyo. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya metụtara isiokwu nke ime ihe ike n'ụwa.<ref name=mit /> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Abdessemed na 1971 na Constantine, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Ọjiria, n'ezinụlọ Chaoui Berber. Ọ tolitere n'ógbè Ùgwù Aurès, wee gaa École régionale des beaux-arts na Batna . {{R|mit}} Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na École supérieure des beaux-arts [fr] na Algiers . [1] Ọ hapụrụ n'afọ otu puku narị itoolu iri itoolu na anọ.<ref name=nyt>[s.n.] (5 March 1994). [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/06/world/algerian-teacher-and-son-killed-at-school.html Algerian Teacher and Son Killed At School]. ''The New York Times''. Accessed April 2017.</ref> N'etiti afọ 1994 na 1999, Abdessemed gara École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts na Lyon, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ etiti Fransi. Ọ biri ma rụọ ọrụ na Cité internationale des arts na Paris. N'afọ puku abụọ ruo puku abụọ na otu ọ bụ Onye na-ese ihe na P.S.1 na New York. Mgbe ọ nọrọ oge ụfọdụ na Berlin, ọ laghachiri na 2004 na Paris.{{R|mit}} Ọ bụkwa nwa amaala Fransi.<ref name=common />[https://web.archive.org/web/20211025095101/https://thecommonguild.org.uk/programme/exhibition/trust-me Exhibition: Abdel Abdessemed, 'Trust Me', 11 April – 7 June 2008]. Glasgow: The Common Good.</ref> O zutere nwunye ya n'ụlọ mmanya dị na Lyon a na-akpọ L'Antidote n'etiti afọ ndị 1990, ihe omume a na-anọchite anya ya na obere ihe ngosi nke ebe ahụ na windo na ngosi na MAC na Lyon. == Ọrụ == Ọ bụrụ na ọdịda nke igwe ahụ na nnukwu agha mbụ na mmalite nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ nyere aka n'ụzọ dị nka n'ịmepụta nka nke na-akpali akpali na mberede ma sie ike ile anya, nnweta nke ihe oyiyi sitere n'ihu agha na 1990s mere ka otu usoro ahụ ghara ikwe omume. E nwere obere ihe n'ịgbalị ịlụso obi ọjọọ ọgụ site n'ịkatọ ya site na usoro nkwupụta ma ọ bụ ihe osise. Adel Abdessemed kwuru banyere ọrụ ya na-eche na ọrụ m dị mma n'ezie. Ụwa bụ ime ihe ike - ọ bụghị ime ihe.<ref>[https://wildegallery.ch/artists/adel-abdessemed/ Abdel Abdessemed]</ref> Ụdị ihe oyiyi Abdessemed dị iche iche nke ihe oyiyi ndị a ma ama, dị ka Phan Thị Kim Phúc dị afọ itoolu (nke a na-akpọ 'Nwa nwanyị Napalm') na-agba ọsọ gba ọtọ site na mgbawa n'oge Agha Vietnam na 1972 ma ọ bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ French Zinedine Zidane na-eti Marco Materazzi isi n'oge 2006 FIFA World Cup Final (Headbutt) bụ naanị ihe atụ abụọ nke otu ngwa ngwa nke oge ndị dị otú ahụ si enweta ihe ọhụrụ mgbe ha siri ike n'ụdị e mere iji mee ka ha ka ha sie ike. Ọbụna n'oge ndị ahụ mgbe mmekọrịta dị n'etiti isiokwu na nsụgharị dị ntakịrị, dịka ọmụmaatụ na njikọta nke otu ihe osise nke Antonio Canova bụ Mara mma na ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ndị na-eme ihe ike egosiri na ''Sham'', nsonaazụ ahụ yiri ka ọ gaghị agbanwe. Nke a abụghị ihe nnọchianya nkịtị nke eziokwu, kama ọ bụ mmelite nke ihe oyiyi na nka nke na-ewere ọnọdụ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Adel Abdessemed, L'Antidote|publisher=Editions Beaux-Arts|year=2018|isbn=979-1-02040-423-7}}</ref> A maara Adel Abdessemed dị ka onye nwere ụzọ pụrụ iche isi chịa ọchị. Mgbe ọ na-amụ nka na Ọjiria, otu n'ime ndị prọfesọ ya kọwara ya 'Ochi ekwensu'.<ref>[https://www.crash.fr/a-meeting-with-adel-abdessemed/ A meeting with Adel Abdessemed], Lise Géhenneux; Crash Magazine, 14 August 2018.</ref> == Ihe ngosi == === Ihe ngosi onwe onye === * 2018: ** ''Otchi Chiornie'', Mac's Grand-Hornu, Belgium ** ''Ọgwụ mgbochi'', MAC Lyon, Lyon, France ** Ihe mgbu nke ndị [[Belgium]], Dvir Gallery, Brussels, Belgium * 2017: Agha, Ebe ngosi nka eserese, Montreal, Canada * 2016 ** ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke eserese, Cahiers d'Art, Paris, France ** Elu ụlọ, Chọọchị Célestins, Ememme Avignon, Fransi ** ''Bristow'', nke Bold Tendencies CIC nyere iwu, [[London]], Mba Unaited * 2015 : ** Site n'Ebe A ruo Ebighị Ebi, Venus N'elu Los Angeles, Los Angeles, US <ref>{{Cite web|title=Adel Abdessemed - From Here to Eternity - Exhibitions - Venus Over Manhattan|url=https://www.venusovermanhattan.com/exhibitions/adel-abdessemed|accessdate=2023-01-18|work=www.venusovermanhattan.com|language=en}}</ref> ** ''Anyaụfụ: Mmekọrịta ya na Jean Nouvel'', Musée de Vence, Vence, France ** ''Obí Eze'', CAC, Malaga, Spain ** Soldaten, Christine König Galleria, Vienna, Austria ** Mmeghe nke Archives, Video Bureau, Beijing, China * 2014: ** Ekele, Blondeau & Cie, Geneva, Switzerland ** ''Nnụnụ'', Spatiu Intact, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ** ''Nwa m'', Dvir Gallery, Tel Aviv, Israel ** Solo, Galerie Yvon Lambert, Paris, Fransi * 2013: ** Igbe jọgburu onwe ya, David Zwirner, London, [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adel Abdessemed: Le Vase abominable|url=http://www.davidzwirner.com/exhibition/adel-abdessemed-london/|accessdate=2022-10-31|work=|language=en|archivedate=2017-01-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128204952/http://www.davidzwirner.com/exhibition/adel-abdessemed-london/}}</ref> ** Oge ọlaedo, Mathaf: Arab Ebe ngosi nka ọge ugbua, Doha, Qatar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adel Abdessemed : L'âge d'or|url=https://www.artsy.net/show/mathaf-arab-museum-of-modern-art-adel-abdessemed-lage-dor|accessdate=2022-10-31|work=Artsy|language=en}}</ref> * 2012: ** Anaghị m ọcha, Centre Georges-Pompidou, Paris, Fransi ** ''Ònye Na-atụ Nnukwu Ọjọ Ọbọgwụ Ụjọ?'', David Zwirner, New York, US ** Ihe ngosi: Adel Abdessemed, Musée Unterlinden, Colmar, France. * 2011: ''NU'', Dvir Gallery, Tel-Aviv, Israel * 2010: Silent Warriors, ntọala Parasol Unit maka nka nke oge a, London, United Kingdom. * 2009: ** Le ''Ali di dio'', Fondazione Sandretto Rebaudengo, Turin, Italy. ** ''RIO'', David Zwirner, New York, US * 2008: ** ''Ọnọdụ na Omume'', MIT List Visual Arts Center, Cambridge, US. ** ''Atụkwasị m obi'', The Common Guild, Glasgow, Scotland. ** ''Atụkwasịghị M obi'', Walter na McBean Galleries, Institutu nka, San Francisco US. ** Drawing for Human Park, Le Magasin - gburugburu mba maka nka ugbua, Fransi. * 2007: Ndụ ma ọbu onwu, PS 1 Ebe nka ugbua, Long Island City, New York, US. * 2006: Mee nnagide efu, La Criée, ebe nka nke oge a, Rennes na Fonds régional d'art contemporain d'Île-de-France-Le Plateau, Paris, France. * 2004: ''Citron na mmiri ara ehi'', Ebe ngosi nka ọhụrụ na oge ugbua nke Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. ** ''Habibi'', Ebe Ọchịchị nke Ihe Osise nke Oge A Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France. * 2003: ** ''N'abalị'', Galleria Laura Pecci, Milan, Ịtali ** Quarta Estacio Benifallet-Vassivière, mba Ebe maka nka na mma ala nke Island nke Vassivière, Fransi * 2002: Adel Abdessemed, institutu nka a na ahụ n'anya, Mahadum Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, US * 2001: ** Adel Abdessemed, Galleria Laura Pecci, Milan, Ịtali ** Adel Abdessemed, Project Room, Kunsthalle Bern, Bern, Switzerland === Mmekọrịta pụrụ iche === * 2015: Nlaghachi na Berratham, Ballet Preljocaj, choreography na staging: Angelin Preljo caj, ederede: Laurent Mauvignier, scenography: Adel Abdessemed, Cour d'honneur du Palais des papes, emume d'Avignon, Fransi. === Ihe ngosi ìgwè === * 2018: ''Echigo Tsumari Triennale,'' Japan. * 2017: ** ''Urban Glass Brooklyn'', New York, US. ** Istanbul Biennial.nke iri na ise, [[Turkéy|Turkey]]. ** ''Oku-Noto Triennale'', Suzu, Japan. ** ''Ọnwa Foto'', Montreal, Canada. ** ''Pallaksh Pallaksh (Amaghị m ebe m na-aga) '', Dvir Galari, Tel Aviv, Izrel. ** Ụwa ezughi ike: Triennale de Milan, Nicola Trussardi Foundation, Milan, Italy. * 2016: ** Ncheta afọ iri atọ Alfonso Artiaco Galari, Naples, Italy. ** Ọgwụgwụ nke Ụwa, Centro Pecci, Prato, Ịtali. ** Miracle Marathon, Serpentine Galleries, ebe obibi nke abụọ, London, Mba Unaited ** '': Na-agba egwú n'onwe m. Selbstporträt und Selbsterfindung. Werke aus der Sammlung Pinault.'' Ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Folkwang, Essen, Germany. ** Mmadụ ọhụrụ, Moderna Museet, [[Stockholm]], Sweden. ** ''Cher (e) enyi (e) s. Nkọwa ọhụrụ nke ihe ndị e chịkọtara n'oge a Ịsọpụrụ ndị nyere onyinye'', Mbà ebe ngosi nka ọhụrụ - Centre Pompidou, Paris, France. ** ''Cheta oge a,'' Centre d'art Le Lait, Albi, Fransi. ** ''Ego, Ezi na Ihe Ọjọọ: Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Akụnụba'', Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden na mmekorita ya na Casino, Baden- Baden, Germany. ** ''Ime anwansi na Macht. Von fliegenden Teppichen und Drohnen'', MARTa Herford, Germany. ** ''Site na Warhol ruo Basquiat Ihe osise ndị magburu onwe ha nke nchịkọta Lambert'', Musée de Vence - Fondation Émile Hugues, Vence, France. ** Je Tu Il Elle, Dvir Galari, Brussels, Belgium. ** Mee ya na Arabic, Sharjah Ntọala nka Bait Al Shamsi, United Arab Emirates. * 2015: ** Nlaghachi n'ime oghere - Ihe osise na-egbochi mgbukpọ agbụrụ, Musées de Belfort, Fransi. ** Ihe osise: Ngwụcha ọkara, S.M.A.K. Ebe ngosi nka ugbua , Gent, Belgium. ** ''Ọ dị mkpa.MANIA'', Grand Palais, Paris, Fransi. ** Onye ohi, Riga Art Space, Riga, Latvia. ** Patrice Chéreau / Ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, Nchịkọta Lambert, Avignon, Fransi. ** ''56th Venice Biennial''. * 2014: ** ''Banyere Obodo'', Ikon na mmekorita ya na Hippodrome Plus, Birmingham Hippodrome, Birmingham, Mba Unaited. ** Ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe, nka na Europe kemgbe 1945, MOCAK Ebe ngosi nka ugbua na Kraków, Kraków. * Narcisse, onyinyo n'ime ebili mmiri, Fondation François Schneider, Wattwiller, France. ** Milch / Lait / Latte, Valais Ene ngosi nka, Sion, Switzerland. ** ''Emere ya site na... Ihe ndị Brasileiros mere'', Obodo Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil. ** Nnukwu, Ebe ngosi Beelden Aan Zee, The Hague, Holland. ** Ụbọchị nnwere onwe Utopia, Ebe ngosi nka ugbua nile, Seoul, Ndida Korea ** [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ** ''N'etiti oge, onye na-ese ihe na-akọ akụkọ'', Chengdu MOCA Ebe ngosi nka ugbua, Chengdu, China. ** ''Akụkọ ifo / Akụkọ ihe mere eme: Yuz nchịkọta nka ugbua'', be ngosi nka Yuz, Shanghai, China. ** Ravaged, nks na odibendi na oge nke con ict, Museum Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. ** Lampedusa: Ihe osise nke Adel Abdessemed & Ihe osise ochie, Saint Honoré I chọta maka nka, Paris, Fransi. ** ''Egwuregwu bọọlụ: Egwuregwu mara mma'', Ebe ngosi nke nka Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, US. * 2013: Prima Materia, François Pinault Foundation, Venice, Italy. * 2012: ** La Triennale, Intense Proximité, Paris, Fransi. ** ''Mgbawa! Ihe osise Dị ka Ihe Omume'', Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden. * 2011: ihu bu ikweta, KW Institutu Maka nka ugbua, Berlin, Germany. * 2010: Triennale Aichi, Nagoya, Japan. * 2009: ** 10th Havana Biennial, Cuba. ** ''Map nke Studio; Ndị na-ese ihe site na François Pinault Foundation'', Palazzo Grassi na Punta della Dogana, Venice, Italy. ** ''Mgbasa ozi kwụsịrị'', Nka ọhụrụ Oxford, Mba United. * 2008: ** Ihe ndị dị nsọ, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France. ** Gwangju Biennale nke asaa. ** ''Ụgbọelu Paris'', Centre Pompidou, Paris, France. ** 52nd Venice Biennale, Italy. * 2006: 27th São Paulo Biennial, Brazil. * 2003: 49th Venice Biennale, Italy. * 2001: Yokohama Triennale, Japan. * 2000: Manifesta 3, Ljubljana, [[Slovenia]]. == Nchịkọta == * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Obodo Paris, Fransi * Ebe ndebe ihe ochie nke oge a Georges-Pompidou, Paris, Fransi * Ebe a na-edebe ihe osise nke oge a, Champagne-Ardennes, Reims, Fransi * Nchịkọta Budi Tek, Shanghai, China * Ntọala François Pinault, Venice, Ịtali * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Oge A, Geneva, Switzerland == Akwụkwọ == === Ndepụta === * ''Adel Abdessemed: Otchi Tchiornie / Antidote.'' Lyon, Musée d'Art Contemporain, 2018. Ihe odide nke Eric de Chassey, Denis Gielen, Donatien Grau, Mark Nash, Paul Ardenne, Kamel Daoud, Thierry Raspail, Michele Robecchi na Octavio Zaya. * ''Adel Abdessemed: Agha.'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe odide nke Nathalie Bondil na Vincent Lavoie. * ''Adel Abdessemed: Bristow'', nke Hannah Barry bipụtara, Donatien Grau, Hans Ulrich Obrist, London, 2016 * ''Adel Abdessemed: Ọrụ 1988-2015 '', Okwu mbido nke Pier Luigi Tazzi. Okwu mbido nke Schwed. Ihe odide nke Hans Belting, Giovanni Careri, Julia Kristeva, Tom McDonough, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Jacques Rancière, na ndị ọzọ Koenig Books, London, 2016 * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe odide nke Hans Belting, Emanuele Coccia, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Julia Kristeva, Tom McDonough, Philippe-Alain Michaud, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Jacques Rancière, Shva Salhoov * ''Adel Abdessemed. Anyaụfụ - mkpakọrịta ya na Jean Nouvel''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akwụkwọ ozi dị n'etiti Jean Nouvel na Adel Abdessemed. * ''Adel Abdessemed. Site n'Ebe A ruo Ebighị Ebi.'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe odide nke Francesco Bonami. * ''Adel Abdessemed. Ihe osise'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe odide nke Jean-Jacques Aillagon. * ''Adel Abdessemed. Obí eze'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe odide nke Fernando Francés na Alberto Ruiz Samaniego. * ''Adel Abdessemed. Naanị ya.''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka Hélène Cixous degaara Adel Abdessemed. * ''Adel Abdessemed. Nwa m'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe odide nke Shva Saloon. * ''Adel Abdessemed. Oge Ọgaranya.'' Doha, Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art / Silvana Editoriale, 2013. Ihe odide nke Abdellah Taïa, Pier Luigi Tazzi, Angela Mengoni na ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Hans Ulrich Obrist. * ''Adel Abdessemed Anaghị m ọcha.'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Okwu mmalite nke Alfred Pacquement. Ihe odide nke Emmanuel Alloa, Patricia Falguières, Pamela M. Lee, Tom McDonough na Philippe-Alain Michaud. * ''Adel Abdessemed, ọnwụ ma obu ndu.'' New York, 2008. Onyinye nke Alanna Heiss na Neville Wakefield. * ''Adel Abdessemed, Les ai PS1 MoMA, les de dieu / Le ali di dio.'' Turin, Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, 2009. Onyinye nke Francesco Bonami, Edi Muka na Massimiliano Gioni. * ''Adel Abdessemed, Ọnọdụ na Omume.'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Onyinye site na Jane Farver, Tom McDonough, na [[Noam Chomsky]]. * ''Adel Abdessemed.'' Zürich, JRP Ringier, 2010, ederede nke Larys Frogier.<small> ( )  </small> * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Onyinye site na Ziba Ardalan, Gilanne Tawadros na Guy Tortosa. * ''Ihe ịchọ mma'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Onyinye nke François Pinault, Jean-Jacques Aillagon, Frédérique Goerig-Hergott, Eric de Chassey na Giovanni Careri * ''Adel Abdessemed Anaghị m ọcha.'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Onyinye site na Philippe-Alain Michaud, Emmanuel Alloa, Hou Hanru, Pamela M. Lee, Tom McDonough na Patricia Falguières * ''Oge Ọgaranya.'' Mathaf/Silvana, Doha/Milan, 2013: akwụkwọ nke M/M (Paris) mepụtara. Onyinye site n'aka Abdellah Karroum, Pier Luigi Tazzi, Angela Mengoni, Abdellah Taïa, na ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Hans Ulrich Obrist. === Mmekọrịta === * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Adel Abdessemed na Adonis, La Peau du chaos. ''Akpụkpọ ahụ nke ọgba aghara. Akwụkwọ ozi'', Actes Sud, Paris, 2015 * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Hélène Cixous, ''Ayaï '' ''Mkpu nke akwụkwọ. Ya na Adel Abdessemed''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] == Hụkwa == == Edensibịa == {{Reflist|refs=<ref name=common>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211025095101/https://thecommonguild.org.uk/programme/exhibition/trust-me Exhibition: Abdel Abdessemed, 'Trust Me', 11 April – 7 June 2008]. Glasgow: The Common Good.</ref> <ref name=mit>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160423124749/https://listart.mit.edu/exhibitions/adel-abdessemed-situation-and-practice Adel Abdessemed: Situation and Practice: October 11, 2008 - January 4, 2009]. MIT List Visual Arts Center. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Accessed April 2017</ref> <ref name=nyt>[s.n.] (5 March 1994). [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/06/world/algerian-teacher-and-son-killed-at-school.html Algerian Teacher and Son Killed At School]. ''The New York Times''. Accessed April 2017.</ref>}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Mgbasa ozi metụtaraAdel Onye Nwanyị Ọjọọna Wikimedia Commons * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210421055715/https://www.adelabdessemed.com/en/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] {{Authority control (arts)}}Nchịkọta ikike {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdessemed, Adel}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] iajnpee5z7rg19c5kgdx6ojwkmiofnc Seth Kwame Boateng 0 45627 696825 638473 2026-08-04T13:07:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696825 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Seth Kwame Boateng''' bụ onye nta akụkọ Ghana, ama ama maka ọrụ nta akụkọ ya nwere mmetụta, dịka WHO ghọtara, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-28|title=2 journalists from the Multimedia Group win WHO's Road Safety Reporting Contest – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/2-journalists-from-the-multimedia-group-win-whos-road-safety-reporting-contest/|accessdate=2024-01-23|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọchịchị US, <ref>{{Cite web|title=4 Results Are Tagged With "Ghana" {{!}} International Exchange Alumni|url=https://alumni.state.gov/taxonomy/term/131|accessdate=2024-01-23|work=alumni.state.gov|archivedate=2024-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123211352/https://alumni.state.gov/taxonomy/term/131}}</ref> International Center for Journalist (ICFJ), <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Journalists from Six Countries Honored for Outstanding Health Reporting|url=https://www.icfj.org/news/journalists-six-countries-honored-outstanding-health-reporting|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=International Center for Journalists|language=en}}</ref> na Media Foundation for West Africa . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Seth Kwame Boateng – User Profile|url=https://agln.aspeninstitute.org/profile/5621|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=AGLN – Aspen Global Leadership Network|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Agyeman|first=Adwoa|date=2019-12-16|title=JoyNews' Seth Kwame Boateng grabs 3rd Master's degree from University of Leeds|url=https://www.adomonline.com/joynews-seth-kwame-boateng-grabs-3rd-masters-degree-from-university-of-leeds/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFAgyeman2019">Agyeman, Adwoa (2019-12-16). [https://www.adomonline.com/joynews-seth-kwame-boateng-grabs-3rd-masters-degree-from-university-of-leeds/ "JoyNews' Seth Kwame Boateng grabs 3rd Master's degree from University of Leeds"]. ''Adomonline.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-12</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=info@theghanareport.com|first=Aba Asamoah /|date=2021-10-22|title=How can 3,213 lawyers serve a country of over 30 million? – Yoni Kulendi wonders|url=https://www.theghanareport.com/how-can-3213-lawyers-serve-a-country-of-over-30-million-yoni-kulendi-wonders/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=The Ghana Report|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Seth Kwame Boateng|url=https://www.mfwa.org/wameca/winners/seth-kwame-boateng-2/|accessdate=2024-01-13|work=WAMECA – Media Foundation For West Africa|language=en-GB|archivedate=2024-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113192131/https://www.mfwa.org/wameca/winners/seth-kwame-boateng-2/}}</ref> Na 2015, ọ pụtara dị ka onye nta akụkọ GJA nke afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Desk|first=Publishing|date=2015-08-15|title=Seth Kwame Boateng is Journalist of the year; TV3's Wendy Laryea wins 2 awards {{!}} 3News|url=https://3news.com/news/seth-kwame-boateng-is-journalist-of-the-year-tv3s-wendy-laryea-wins-2-awards/|accessdate=2024-01-22|work=3news.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Boateng na Asokwa dị na Kumasi n'ime ezinụlọ na-ama aka, ebe ọ bụ ọdụdụ n'ime ụmụaka iri na asaa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2020-09-07|title=From receptionist to reporter: The Seth Kwame Boateng component|url=https://liveghanatv.com/2020/09/07/from-receptionist-to-reporter-the-seth-kwame-boateng-component/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=Live Ghana TV|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFadmin2020">admin (2020-09-07). [https://liveghanatv.com/2020/09/07/from-receptionist-to-reporter-the-seth-kwame-boateng-component/ "From receptionist to reporter: The Seth Kwame Boateng component"]. ''Live Ghana TV''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-12</span></span>.</cite></ref> O nwetala akara ugo mmụta Master atọ. <ref name=":0"/> Enwetara akara ugo mmụta ya kacha ọhụrụ na Mahadum Leeds na 2019, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tagoe|first=Alex|date=2021-04-19|title=Seth Kwame Boateng's view on road accidents must be a national agenda|url=https://skyypowerfm.com/seth-kwame-boatengs-view-on-road-accidents-must-be-a-national-agenda/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=Skyy Power FM|language=en-GB|archivedate=2024-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112154029/https://skyypowerfm.com/seth-kwame-boatengs-view-on-road-accidents-must-be-a-national-agenda/}}</ref> ebe ọ gụrụ ahụike ọha, atụmatụ njikwa ahụike na amụma. Tupu mgbe ahụ, ọ nwetara nzere masta na ọmụmụ nzikọrịta ozi na Mahadum Ghana na 2016 na onye ọzọ na Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) na esemokwu udo na nchekwa. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2017-07-07|title=Ghana's Seth Kwame Boateng named "journalist of the month" by free expression group|url=https://ifex.org/ghanas-seth-kwame-boateng-named-journalist-of-the-month-by-free-expression-group/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=IFEX|language=en-US}}</ref> Maka agụmakwụkwọ mahadum ya, Boateng gụrụ akụnụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na [[University of cape coast|Mahadum Cape Coast]], na-emecha akara ugo mmụta bachelor ya site na 2003 ruo 2007. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|author=|date=2015-08-21|title=UCC Alumnus Crowned Best Journalist of the Year|url=https://choicism.com/news/ucc-alumnus-crowned-best-journalist-of-the-year/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=Choicism|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọzụzụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mere na Kumasi Anglican Senior High School . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Fuseini|first=Hajara|date=2022-03-24|title=Seth Kwame Boateng Solves Child's Mobility Challenge With Electric WheelChair|url=https://opemsuo.com/seth-kwame-boateng-solves-childs-mobility-challenge-with-electric-wheelchair/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=Opemsuo|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Boateng malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi oche oche n'ihu na Luv FM, onye enyemaka nke Multimedia Ghana Limited, na 2003. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-07|title=From receptionist to reporter: The Seth Kwame Boateng factor – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/from-receptionist-to-reporter-the-seth-kwame-boateng-factor/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Samson's Take: World Press Freedom Day – Give me RTI Law and a Seth Kwame Boateng {{!}} A-Partners@Law|url=http://a-partnerslaw.com/samsons-take-world-press-freedom-day-give-me-rti-law-and-seth-kwame-boateng|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=a-partnerslaw.com|archivedate=2024-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112210551/http://a-partnerslaw.com/samsons-take-world-press-freedom-day-give-me-rti-law-and-seth-kwame-boateng}}</ref> Ọ batara n'ọrụ nta akụkọ mgbe ọ kọrọ site na Cape Coast, na Luv Fm, site na mkparịta ụka ekwentị na redio dị ndụ, akụkọ banyere otu nwa agbọghọ onye enyi ya nwoke mara mma n'ụlọ nzukọ Kwame Nkrumah na Mahadum Cape Coast na 2003. Nke a dọọrọ mmasị onye nchịkọta akụkọ akụkọ n'oge ahụ, Saeed Ali Yaqub nwụrụ anwụ bụ onye gwara ya ka o sonye na ndị otu akụkọ mgbe ọ hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ laghachiri na Luv FM ka ọ gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ oche ya. <ref name=":3"/> Mgbe ọ na-aga n'ihu na ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ ya na Mahadum Cape Coast, Boateng wepụtara onwe ya na redio redio dabeere na campus, ''Radio Valco'' . O sitere n'ọkwa wee bụrụ onye isi akụkọ. <ref name=":5"/> == Ọrụ ndị ama ama == Boateng ewepụtala usoro dị iche iche nwere mmetụta na akwụkwọ akụkọ na-aga nke ọma, na-adọta uche nke ndị ọka ikpe, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Prisoners are citizens too' :President Mahama to visit inmates|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/608665/prisoners-are-citizens-too-president-mahama-to-visit-inma.html|work=Modern Ghana}}</ref> ụmụ nwanyị mbụ, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ampomah|first=Samuel|date=2018-01-20|title=First Lady commissions Mother and Baby Unit at KATH|url=https://www.moh.gov.gh/first-lady-commissions-mother-and-baby-unit-at-kath/|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=Ministry Of Health|language=en-US}}</ref> ndị osote onye isi ala, ndị ụkọchukwu, ndị ọchịchị ọdịnala na agụmakwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Segbefia|first=Sedem|date=2020-09-09|title=Bawumia hands over house to 82-yr old abandoned, cured leper|url=https://thebftonline.com/2020/09/09/bawumia-hands-over-house-to-82-yr-old-abandoned-cured-leper/|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=The Business & Financial Times|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ụfọdụ n’ime ha bụ; === Azọpịara ya === Boateng mere ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-ekerịta akụkọ na-agbawa obi nke ezinaụlọ na-anagide ọnwụ nke ndị ha hụrụ n'anya n'ihe mberede okporo ụzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-12|title=Playback: Hotline Documentary 'CRUSHED' premieres on JoyNews – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/playback-hotline-documentary-crushed-premieres-on-joynews/|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ na-enyocha mmetụta uche na ihe ịma aka ndị ezinụlọ ndị a na-edi, na-elebakwu anya na mmetụta dị ukwuu nke ihe mberede okporo ụzọ na-enwe na ndụ ndị mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-12|title=Playback: Hotline Documentary 'CRUSHED' premieres on JoyNews – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/playback-hotline-documentary-crushed-premieres-on-joynews/|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-16|title=Broken down vehicles on roads account for surge in accidents – Seth Kwame Boateng – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/broken-down-vehicles-on-roads-account-for-surge-in-accidents-seth-kwame-boateng/|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Akpọchiri ma chefuo === Akwụkwọ akụkọ a, akpọchie na echefuru echefu bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ewepụtara na 2015 nke lere anya n'ihe ịma aka nke ndị mkpọrọ na Ghana chere ihu. Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, onye ọka ikpe Ghana n'oge ahụ, Justice Georgina Wood mejuputa usoro nke butere ntọhapụ nke narị ndị ejidere tupu ikpe ikpe bụ ndị darabu n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo ogologo oge. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-03-11|title=Paralyzed inmate dies as Chief Justice summons judges over remand crisis – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/paralyzed-inmate-dies-as-chief-justice-summons-judges-over-remand-crisis/|accessdate=2024-01-22|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, onye isi ala Ghana n'oge ahụ, John Mahama mere nleta mbụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ iji nweta nghọta n'onwe ya banyere ọnọdụ na-eme. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-04-01|title=President Mahama moved to visit prisons – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-mahama-moved-to-visit-prisons/|accessdate=2024-01-22|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-02-25|title="Locked and Forgotten" man spends 8 years on remand without trial – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/locked-and-forgotten-man-spends-8-years-on-remand-without-trial/|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahama visits Nsawam Prisons today|url=https://kessbenonline.com/2015/07/03/mahama-visits-nsawam-prisons-today/|accessdate=2024-01-22|work=Kessben Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Hapụ ire ere === Seth Kwame Boateng mere akwụkwọ akụkọ iji gosi ka ọ siri sie ike n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Ghana ma chọọ ka ndị mmadụ kwado mbọ iji mee ka ihe ka mma. Ọ na-ekwu maka ọnọdụ ndị siri ike ndị mkpọrọ na-eche ihu ma nwee olileanya na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-agba onye ọ bụla ume ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ maka mgbanwe dị mma na usoro ụlọ mkpọrọ Ghana. == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == Boateng emeriela ọtụtụ ihe nrite, ma na Ghana ma na mba ụwa. Ụfọdụ n’ime ha bụ: <ref>{{Cite web|author=Desk|first=Publishing|date=2015-08-15|title=Seth Kwame Boateng is Journalist of the year; TV3's Wendy Laryea wins 2 awards {{!}} 3NEWS.COM|url=https://3news.com/news/seth-kwame-boateng-is-journalist-of-the-year-tv3s-wendy-laryea-wins-2-awards/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=3news.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kasapa|date=2015-08-16|title=Seth Kwame Boateng is Journalist of the Year – SEE FULL LIST OF WINNERS — Kasapa102.5FM|url=https://kasapafmonline.com/?p=12607|accessdate=2024-01-12|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112221212/https://kasapafmonline.com/?p=12607}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=info@theghanareport.com|first=Seth Bokpe /|date=2019-11-24|title=Doreen Hammond wins GJA/PAV Ansah Journalist of the Year award|url=https://www.theghanareport.com/doreen-hammond-wins-gja-pav-ansah-journalist-of-the-year-award/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=The Ghana Report|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-30|title=Rewarding Stories of Impact: How WAMECA is Providing Inspiration for Excellent Journalism in West Africa|url=https://www.mfwa.org/issues-in-focus/rewarding-stories-of-impact-how-wameca-is-providing-inspiration-for-excellent-journalism-in-west-africa/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=Media Foundation For West Africa|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112212255/https://www.mfwa.org/issues-in-focus/rewarding-stories-of-impact-how-wameca-is-providing-inspiration-for-excellent-journalism-in-west-africa/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-29|title=Seth Kwame Boateng adjudged West African Journalist of the Year|url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/general-news/seth-kwame-boateng-adjudged-west-african-journalist-of-the-year.html|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=Prime News Ghana|language=en-us}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Agyeman|first=Adwoa|date=2017-06-26|title=VIDEO: Joy News' Seth Kwame Boateng wins EMY's Man of the Year Award|url=https://www.adomonline.com/joy-news-seth-kwame-boateng-wins-emys-man-year-award/|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Abedu-Kennedy|first=Dorcas|date=2017-09-19|title=Photos: Seth Kwame Boateng receives prestigious ICFJ Award|url=https://www.adomonline.com/photos-seth-kwame-boateng-receives-prestigious-icfj-award/|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-11-27|title=JoyNews' Seth Kwame Boateng awarded GAM Award for Excellence in Media and Journalism – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/joynews-seth-kwame-boateng-awarded-gam-award-for-excellence-in-media-and-journalism/|accessdate=2024-01-23|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Nsonaazụ |- | 2023 | George Ayittey Memorial (GAM) Award for Excellence in Media and Journalism. | meriri |- | 2019 | Onye nta akụkọ ihe ruuru mmadụ kacha mma GJA GJA Kachasị Mma na atụmatụ na ngalaba TV | meriri meriri |- | 2018 | Onye nta akụkọ WAMECA nke afọ na West Africa Onye nta akụkọ WAMECA kacha mma maka mkpesa ikike mmadụ | meriri meriri |- | 2017 | Onye nta akụkọ WAMECA nke afọ na West Africa Nwoke nke afọ na ngalaba nzikọrịta ozi na 2017 EMY Africa Awards ICFJ Global Health Reporting Award | meriri meriri |- | 2015 | GJA PAV Ansah Onye nta akụkọ nke afọ Award Ihe kacha mma GJA na ngalaba TV Ihe kacha mma GJA na ngalaba redio | meriri meriri meriri |} * Humanitarian Awards Global nyere Boateng dị ka 2022 Honorary Humanitarian/Onye nta akụkọ na Ghana <ref>{{Cite web|title=Humanitarian Awards Global {{!}} 2022 Honorary Awardees Announced-Humanitarian Awards Global|url=https://humanitarianawardsglobal.org/blog/1060b257-1d04-4eb6-81d8-3794ec58fab6|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=humanitarianawardsglobal.org|archivedate=2024-01-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117032828/https://humanitarianawardsglobal.org/blog/1060b257-1d04-4eb6-81d8-3794ec58fab6}}</ref> * Na 2022, enwetara ya site na Innovation and Initiative Award in Journalism of the Year site na onyinye ndi ndu Ghana <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-12-19|title=Seth Kwame Boateng honoured at Ghana Leadership Awards – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/seth-kwame-boateng-honoured-at-ghana-leadership-awards/|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * N'afọ 2019, ewebatara Boateng n'ụlọ nzukọ ndị isi Ghana ama ama mgbe ọ nwetasịrị ụdị anọ nke onyinye onyinye ndị isi Ghana <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-30|title=Seth Kwame Boateng inducted into Ghana Leadership hall of fame – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/seth-kwame-boateng-inducted-into-ghana-leadership-hall-of-fame/|accessdate=2024-01-17|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * Boateng nwetara onyinye nturu ugo ikpe ikpe maka ịkwalite ịga nke ọma nke Justice For All Program (JFAP) na 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-15|title=Multimedia Group's Seth Kwame Boateng to be awarded by Judicial Service – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/multimedia-groups-seth-kwame-boateng-to-be-awarded-by-judicial-service/|accessdate=2024-01-24|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * Ihe Nlereanya Ndị Ọkachamara Ndị Na-eto Eto Maka 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-10|title=Five to receive 2018 Young Professional Role Model awards|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/five-to-receive-2018-young-professional-role-model-awards.html|accessdate=2024-01-24|work=Graphic Online}}</ref> * Na 2018, ọ meriri MTN Heroes of Change <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tigo|first=Joshua|date=2018-05-18|title=Seth Kwame Boateng, Opoku Gakpo up for MTN Heroes of Change Award|url=https://www.adomonline.com/seth-kwame-boateng-opoku-gakpo-up-for-mtn-heroes-of-change-award/|accessdate=2024-01-24|work=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-19|title=Naomi Amoah wins MTN Heroes of Change season 4|url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2018/05/naomi-amoah-wins-mtn-heroes-of-change-season-4/|accessdate=2024-01-24|work=Citi Business News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-21|title=Yvonne Nelson, Yvonne Okoro others pick MTN special awards|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Yvonne-Nelson-Yvonne-Okoro-others-pick-MTN-special-awards-653596|accessdate=2024-01-24|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> * Ihe nrite pụrụiche Onye isi ala CIMG na 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-24|title=MTN, UBA CEOs win CIMG Marketing Man, Woman of the year – MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/mtn-uba-ceos-win-cimg-marketing-man-woman-of-the-year/|accessdate=2024-01-24|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * MFWA kpọrọ Seth Kwame Boateng na June, 2017 dị ka onye mmeri mbụ nke usoro nta akụkọ nke ọnwa <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=2017-07-07|title=MFWA Unveils Journalist of the Month|url=https://www.mfwa.org/impact-stories/mfwa-unveils-journalist-of-the-month/|accessdate=2024-01-12|work=Media Foundation For West Africa|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112202802/https://www.mfwa.org/impact-stories/mfwa-unveils-journalist-of-the-month/}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Boateng lụrụ di ma ụmụ atọ. <ref name=":1"/> == Ntụaka == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5qtfavstacgt6hzkqs16corfimpr4sd Sanford Biggers 0 45684 696820 628642 2026-08-04T12:12:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696820 wikitext text/x-wiki   <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rovetv.net/sb-press.html|title=Sanford Biggers/Notions|author=Schachter Rove|first=Kenny|accessdate=2010-07-12|publisher=rovetv.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102123226/http://www.rovetv.net/sb-press.html|archivedate=2011-01-02}}</ref>Sanford Biggers bụ onye na-ese ihe na-arụkọ ọrụ na Harlem nke na-arụ ọrụ na fim/video, ihe, ihe ọkpụkpụ, egwu, na-arụ ọrụ .  [1] Onye amaala LA, ọ biela ma ọrụ na New York City 1999. == Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Ụlọ Biggers na Los Angeles, California.  [1] Ọ bụ nwa nke neurosurgeon, nna ya, na onye akwụkwọ, nne ya.  [2] Ọmá BA site na Morehouse College na Atlanta, Georgia, onye MFA sitere na oflọ Akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois wee gaa Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture na 1998. [1] Biggers na-ekwu na n'ihi  nnukwu nnukwu klaasịka na Morehouse, a poly ya ka ọ were ọtụtụ klaas ya na-ahụ Spelman ụmụ amụrụ niile. . <ref>{{Cite web|title=On the Record With ... Sanford Biggers|url=http://www.bet.com/news/national/2014/02/20/on-the-record-with-sanford-biggers.html|work=BET.com|publisher=|accessdate=2015-11-11|author=Biggers|first=Sanford|date=2014-02-20|authorlink=Sanford Biggers}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Biggers buru ụzọ nke nlebara anya dị egwu mgbe ọrụ ya na David Ellis, Mandala nke B-Bodhisattva II, na-akpọ ihe ngosi "Freestyle", nke Thelma Golden akwụkwọ na Studio Museum na Harlem na 2001. [1] [2] [  3] Ebe ọ bụ na egosila ọrụ ya na mba ụwa Tate Modern na London, Renaissance Society na Chicago, [4] Prospect 1 na New Orleans na Whitney Biennial, Kitchen na Performa 07 (nke Roselee Goldberg akwụkwọ) na New York.  [5] [3] [6] Nkà nke Biggers na-ezokarị aka n'okirikiri ndị Africa-American, egwu hip hop, ndị Buddha, ime ohere Africa, Indo-European Vodoun, jazz, Afrofuturism, omenala obodo na akara ngosi.  sitere na Americana .  [7] [8] [9] [10] O kwuwo na ya mfeghị "ọ dịghị ọkwa usoro oge, ntụaka ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi" [11] na ọrụ ya ntụgharị uche na nkwalite.  [10] Ọ na-ekwu na isiokwu ya bụ "e bu n'obi mgbochi na a anya anya ịgụ na ihe mere eme America."  Ọ na- I syncretism mee ka njikọ dị n'etiti omume omenala ndị yiri ka ọ dị iche.  [7] [8] Iji mee ka onye na-ekiri ya bụrụ ihe na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Biggers na- ike ihe ọkpụkpụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngosi.  [11] N'ịbụ onye ngosi ọtụtụ oge ndụ ya na-akpọ piano, ihe a na-eme ihe nkiri na-ese ụdị egwu.  [9] Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ọrụ egwu na Saul Williams aka Niggy Tardust, Esthero, Martin Luther McCoy, Imani Uzuri, Rich Medina, [11] na Jahi Sundance <ref name="whitehotmagazine1">{{Cite web|url=http://whitehotmagazine.com/articles/2010-interview-with-sanford-biggers/2054|title=WM &#124; whitehot magazine of contemporary art &#124; April 2010, Interview with Sanford Biggers|publisher=|date=|accessdate=2010-07-15}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, Biggers si na onye na-ahụ maka ya pụọ site na-ese ihe na quilts nke ụmụ ndị nwe ohu nyere ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MAM Art Talks Thursday : Sanford Biggers - Baristanet|url=http://baristanet.com/2014/11/mam-art-talks-sanford-biggers/|work=Baristanet|accessdate=2015-11-11|language=en-US|author=Gilmore|first=Georgette|date=2014-11-14}}</ref> Biggers bụ Mgbakwunye ngalaba na Virginia Commonwealth University Sculpture and Expanded Media program, ma ọ bụrụ na onye oji malite na Ngalaba VES nke Mahadum Harvard na 2009. [1] [2] Ọ bụbu osote prọfesọ na mmemme Visual Arts nke Mahadum Columbia. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wwwapp.cc.columbia.edu/art/app/arts/visual_arts/faculty.jsp|title=Visual Arts Faculty - Columbia University School of the Arts Graduate MFA Programs|publisher=Pp.cc.columbia.edu|accessdate=2010-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107222448/http://wwwapp.cc.columbia.edu/art/app/arts/visual_arts/faculty.jsp|archivedate=January 7, 2009}}</ref> == Nkwenye == N'afọ 2019, ewebatara Biggers na New York Foundation maka ndị ọchịchị nke ama ama.  [1] Na 2010, e nyere Biggers ihe nrite Greenfield na Hermitage Artist Retreat, ebe obibi afọ abụọ na ọrụ ọhụrụ.  [2] Kọmishọna ahụ hibere isi ihe Sanford Biggers: Codex, ihe ngosi 2012 solo na Ringling Museum [3] nke Matthew McLendon chepụtara.. Na 2009 ọ natara ihe nrite William H. Johnson [1] ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ a atọ maka ajụjụ mba ụwa mbụ Jack Wolgin na Fine Arts, ihe nrite izi ukwuu n'ụwakwuru onye na-ese ihe nkiri.  Biggers na 2008 atụmatụ nturu ugo Creative Capital na ikike nke Visual Arts.  [2] Biggers bụ onye na-ese ihe na Eyebeam na 2000. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers {{!}} eyebeam.org|url=http://eyebeam.org/people/sanford-biggers|work=eyebeam.org|accessdate=2016-01-28}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=iniva: Sanford Biggers|url=http://www.iniva.org/library/archive/people/b/biggers_sanford|work=www.iniva.org|accessdate=2016-02-01|archivedate=2016-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020253/http://www.iniva.org/library/archive/people/b/biggers_sanford}}</ref> Na 2018 Biggers gbara ọnụ site na Vinson Cunningham, onye ode akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ ozi New Yorker, mgbochi ya na nka ndị askarta nke oge a yana ọrụ ya na ọrụ Black Lives Matter .  [1] Ọzọkwa na 2018 Biggers nyere nka site na American Academy of Arts and Letters . <ref>{{Cite web|title=2018 Ceremonial Exhibition: Work by New Members and Recipients of Awards – American Academy of Arts and Letters|url=https://artsandletters.org/pressrelease/2018-ceremonial-exhibition-work-by-new-members-and-recipients-of-awards/|work=artsandletters.org|accessdate=2018-05-29}}</ref> Na 2021, Biggers ihe nrite Heinz nke afọ 26 maka nka. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Heinz Awards :: Sanford Biggers|url=https://www.heinzawards.net/recipients/sanford-biggers|accessdate=2021-11-18|work=www.heinzawards.net}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == Isi mmalite ma ọ bụrụ na edeghị ya ọzọ: <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sanfordbiggers.com/galleries/exhibition|title=Exhibitions|publisher=Sanford Biggers official website|accessdate=December 5, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> === Solo === "Sanford Biggers" - Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.  Septemba 7 - Disemba 30, 2018 * "Selah" - Marianne Boesky Gallery, New York, New York. Septemba 7 - Ọktoba 21, 2017 * "Oge gara aga Ha wetara ha" - Monique Meloche Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. Febụwarị 11 - Eprel 2, 2016 * "Shuffle, Shake - Everson Museum" - Urban Video Project (UVP) na Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York. Nọvemba 6 - Disemba 27, 2014 * "Dollar 3 na Dimes isii" - David Castillo Gallery, Miami, Florida. Mee 15 - Julaị 5, 2014 * "Vex" - Baldwin Gallery, Aspen, Colorado. Ọnwa Isii 27–20, 2014 * "Sugar, anụ ezi, Bourbon" - Massimo De Carlo Gallery, Milan, Italy. Eprel 5 - Mee 18, 2013 * "kpakpando gbara ọchịchịrị" - Eric Firestone Gallery, East Hampton, New York. Julaị 6–22, 2013 * "Ago" - Monique Meloche Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. Eprel 13-June, 2013 * "Ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Conundrum" - Mass MoCA, North Adams, Massachusetts. Ọktoba 2012 * "Codex" - John na Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, Florida. Maachị 30 - Ọktoba 14, 2012 * "Sweet Funk - Ihe Introspective" - Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York. Septemba 23, 2011 - Jenụwarị 8, 2012 * "Cosmic Voodoo Circus" - SculptureCenter, Long Island City, Queens, New York. Septemba 10 - Nọvemba 28, 2011 * "Ọgwụgwọ ọnwa" - Museum of Contemporary Arts, Santa Barbara, California. 2010 * "Osisi" - Grand Arts, Kansas City, Missouri Septemba 7 - Ọktoba 20, 2007 <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWVvljDR_tA "Blossom" by Sanford Biggers, 2007]</ref> <ref>[https://brooklynmuseum.tumblr.com/post/622171836440035328/blossom-by-sanford-biggers-is-a-monumental Brooklyn Museum]</ref> === Otu === * "Ihe" - David Castillo Gallery, Miami, Florida. Disemba 1, 2015 - Jenụwarị 31, 2016 * "Ndị na-ese ihe asatọ" - Paula Copper Gallery, New York, New York Nọvemba 10 -- Disemba 22, 2012 * "Ihe ngosi emume 2018: Ọrụ nke ndị òtù ọhụrụ na ndị nnata nke onyinye" - American Academy of Arts and Letters . <ref>{{Cite web|title=2018 Ceremonial Exhibition: Work by New Members and Recipients of Awards – American Academy of Arts and Letters|url=https://artsandletters.org/pressrelease/2018-ceremonial-exhibition-work-by-new-members-and-recipients-of-awards/|work=artsandletters.org|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == A na-arụ ọrụ Biggers na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide: * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na Harlem <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://studiomuseum.org/artist/sanford-biggers|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.studiomuseum.org}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/artists/16382/objects|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.brooklynmuseum.org|archivedate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224211020/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/artists/16382/objects}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke ọgbara ọhụrụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://www.moma.org/artists/40057|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.moma.org}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Whitney <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://whitney.org/artists/7849|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.whitney.org}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke oge a na Chicago <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://mcachicago.org/About/Who-We-Are/Artists/Sanford-Biggers|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.mcachicago.org|archivedate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224211018/https://mcachicago.org/About/Who-We-Are/Artists/Sanford-Biggers}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke obodo ukwu <ref>{{Cite web|title=Borne by the River|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/848450?sortBy=Relevance&amp;ft=Sanford+Biggers&amp;offset=0&amp;rpp=40&amp;pos=1|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.metmuseum.org}}</ref> * Minnesota Museum of American Art <ref>{{Cite web|title=Semaphore|url=https://collections.artsmia.org/art/137873/semaphore-sanford-biggers|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> * Walker Art Center <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers|url=https://walkerart.org/collections/artists/sanford-biggers|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.walkerart.org}}</ref> * Mkpokọta Phillips <ref>{{Cite web|title=SANFORD BIGGERS|url=https://www.phillipscollection.org/artist/sanford-biggers|accessdate=2023-02-24|work=www.phillipscollection.org}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.marianneboeskygallery.com/artists/sanford-biggers Sanford Biggers na Marianne Boesky Gallery] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140202220050/http://www.thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/biggers-zackin Sanford Biggers na Jennifer Zackin: obere ụwa ...] Ihe ngosi 2012 na The Jewish Museum, NY. * [https://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/art/11999/ Gosi ma gwa: Sanford Biggers], ''NY Mag'' * [http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/11/strange-fruit-indeed/ 'Mkpụrụ ala ọzọ,' n'ezie], ''Harvard Gazette'' * [http://www.independent.com/news/2010/mar/18/sanford-biggerss-moon-medicine-contemporary-arts-f/ Ọgwụ ọnwa Sanford Biggers na Contemporary Arts Forum], ''Santa Barbara Independent'' * [http://www.oregonlive.com/art/index.ssf/2009/06/review_sanford_biggers_at_the.html Nyochaa: Sanford Biggers na Portland Art Museum], ''Oregon Live'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071323/http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20100124/article/1241006?p=2&tc=pg Onye meriri ihe nrite Greenfield nke afọ a na-agbaze ọtụtụ talent na echiche], ''Herald Tribune'' * [https://allarts.wliw.org/programs/the-c-files-with-maria-brito/sanford-biggers-and-for-freedoms-xno9wc/ Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị miri emi, obi ike na ọgaranya nke Harlem's Sanford Biggers], ''Nkà niile'' * [https://www.rockefellercenter.com/magazine/arts-culture/sanford-biggers-opens-multimedia-installation-at-rockefeller-center/ Sanford Biggers na-emepe ntinye mgbasa ozi na Rockefeller Center] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1co4jsakwj4mua2qti8b78tnn4oc8dg Alexandra Bell (onye na-ese ihe) 0 48653 696885 540020 2026-08-05T11:44:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Alexandra Bell''' (amuru 1983) bu onye omenka otutu ndi America. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bennington.edu/news-and-features/alexandra-bell-counternarratives|title=Alexandra Bell Makes Art for the Fake-News Era|author=Hairston|first=Tahirah|date=|work=The Cut|language=en-us|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-01-20}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka usoro ya ''Counternarratives,'' nnukwu tapawa akụkọ ''New York Times'' edeziri iji maa aka n'echiche nke "ebumnobi" na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/3904|title=Alexandra Bell Makes Art for the Fake-News Era|author=Hairston|first=Tahirah|date=|work=The Cut|language=en-us|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-01-20}}</ref> N'iji n'akụkụ akụkụ, nkọwapụta, ngbanwe, na ngbanwe na nhazi na onyonyo, Bell na-ekpughe ajọ mbunobi agbụrụ na okike agbakwunyere na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi ebipụta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/07/19/alexandra-bell-counternarratives-new-york-times/|title=This Brooklyn Artist Is Taking On the Media|work=[[The Village Voice]]|date=19 July 2017|accessdate=2020-01-20|archivedate=2019-11-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106171013/https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/07/19/alexandra-bell-counternarratives-new-york-times/}}</ref> == Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Bell ma zụlite na Chicago. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/07/arts/design/artist-alexandra-bell-dissects-the-new-york-times.html|title=Analyzing Race and Gender Bias Amid All the News That's Fit to Print|author=Stevenson|first=Sandra|date=2017-12-07|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2020-01-20|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ na-akpọ ndị na-ese ihe nkiri dị ka [[Glenn Ligon]], Jenny Holzer, na onye na-ese ihe Chile Alfredo Jaar dị ka mkpali. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-radical-edits-of-alexandra-bell|title=The "Radical Edits" of Alexandra Bell|author=St. Félix|first=Doreen|date=2017-07-31|accessdate=2020-01-20|language=en}}</ref> Bell nwere nzere bachelọ nke Arts na ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ sitere na Mahadum Chicago. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.alexandrabell.com/pagecv|title=CV|work=Alexandra Bell|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-01-20|archivedate=2020-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124193359/http://www.alexandrabell.com/pagecv}}</ref> Ọ nwetakwara akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu site na Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism na 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/alexandra-bell-public-artwork-965666|title=Alexandra Bell Uses Her Public Art to Expose Media Racism|date=2017-06-01|work=artnet News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-01-20}}</ref> == Ọrụ na nnabata dị egwu == Ọrụ Bell apụtala na nnukwu otu na ihe ngosi solo n'ofe United States, gụnyere 2019 Whitney Biennial, bụ nke gosipụtara usoro mbipụta ọhụrụ ewepụtara aha ya bụ ''Ọ dịghị mmadụ etinyere aka na ya: After Sylvia Wynter'', nke na-ele anya na akụkọ New York Daily News 'akụkọ banyere Central Park ise ikpe. N'ime otuto ndị ọzọ, Bell nwetara 2018 International Center of Photography Infinity Award <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icp.org/infinity-awards/alexandra-bell|title=2018 Infinity Award: Applied — Alexandra Bell|date=2018-02-08|work=International Center of Photography|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref> na ngalaba etinyere ma bụrụ onye otu 2018 Open Society Soros Equality Fellow. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/grants/soros-equality-fellowship?fellow=alexandra-bell&current=1|title=Soros Equality Fellowship|work=www.opensocietyfoundations.org|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi na nrụnye == === Solo === 'akụkọ banyere Central Park ise ikpe. N'ime otuto ndị ọzọ, Bell nwetara 2018 International Center of Photography tapawa akụkọ New York Times edeziri iji maa aka * Atlanta Contemporary, Atlanta, Georgia, Ọgọst 26 – Disemba 17, 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://atlantacontemporary.org/exhibitions/alexandra-bell|title=Alexandra Bell{{!}}Atlanta Contemporary|author=|first=|date=|work=Atlanta Contemporary|language=en-us|accessdate=2018-03-02|archivedate=2018-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303105621/https://atlantacontemporary.org/exhibitions/alexandra-bell}}</ref> * Kọleji Bennington, Bennington, Vermont, Ọktoba 10 – Disemba 15, 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bennington.edu/news-and-features/alexandra-bell-counternarratives|title=Alexandra Bell: Counternarratives {{!}} Bennington College|work=www.bennington.edu|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-03-02}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=http://magazine.art21.org/2017/12/22/reading-critically-alexandra-bells-counternarratives/#.Wpm3liMrJhA|title=Reading Critically: Alexandra Bell's "Counternarratives" {{!}} Art21 Magazine|work=Art21 Magazine|accessdate=2018-03-02|language=en-US}}</ref> * MoMA PS1, Long Island City, New York, Nọvemba 9 - Disemba 11, 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/3904|title=Alexandra Bell: Counternarratives {{!}} MoMA|work=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-02}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke kọleji Pomona, Claremont, California, Maachị 2 – Mee 13, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pomona.edu/museum/sites/museum.pomona.edu/files/pdfs/press/press_release_alexandra_bell_1.pdf|title=Pomona College Museum of Art presents An Artist Talk and Installations by Alexandra Bell|author=Bae|first=Justine|date=26 February 2018|work=Pomona College|accessdate=5 April 2018|archivedate=6 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406040546/https://www.pomona.edu/museum/sites/museum.pomona.edu/files/pdfs/press/press_release_alexandra_bell_1.pdf}}</ref> * Spencer Museum nke Mahadum nka nke Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, Maachị 5 - Eprel 8, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spencerart.ku.edu/exhibition/alexandra-bell-counternarratives|title=Alexandra Bell: Counternarratives {{!}} Spencer Museum of Art|work=spencerart.ku.edu|date=5 March 2018|language=en|accessdate=2018-04-05}}</ref> * Allen Memorial Art Museum na ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji Oberlin, Oberlin, Ohio, Ọktoba 30 - Disemba 21, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.oberlin.edu/amam/Counternarratives.htm|title=Counternarratives|work=www2.oberlin.edu|accessdate=2020-03-07|archivedate=2020-01-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122025207/http://www2.oberlin.edu/amam/Counternarratives.htm}}</ref> === Otu === * ''Ebube a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na nnukwu ugwu,'' Kpọtụrụ Gallery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Septemba 21 - Nọvemba 18, 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scotiabankcontactphoto.com/2017/contact-gallery/an-unassailable-and-monumental-dignity|title=An unassailable and monumental dignity at CONTACT Gallery - Scotiabank CONTACT Photography Festival|work=scotiabankcontactphoto.com|accessdate=2018-03-02}}</ref> * ''Enweghị ebe bụ ebe m,'' [[Koenig & Clinton Gallery]], Brooklyn, New York, Nọvemba 3, 2017 - Jenụwarị 14, 2018, 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koenigandclinton.com/exhibitions/lack-of-location-is-my-location-becca-albee-eleana-antonaki-kamrooz-aram-american-artist-alexandra-bell-lisa-corinne-davis-torkwase-dyson-andrea-geyer-nicole-miller-aliza-nisenbaum-dawit-l/|title=Koenig & Clinton — Lack of Location Is My Location: Becca Albee, Eleana Antonaki, Kamrooz Aram, American Artist, Alexandra Bell, Lisa Corinne Davis, Torkwase Dyson, Andrea Geyer, Nicole Miller, Aliza Nisenbaum, Dawit L. Petros, Xaviera Simmons, William Villalongo|work=koenigandclinton.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-03-02|archivedate=2018-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050745/http://koenigandclinton.com/exhibitions/lack-of-location-is-my-location-becca-albee-eleana-antonaki-kamrooz-aram-american-artist-alexandra-bell-lisa-corinne-davis-torkwase-dyson-andrea-geyer-nicole-miller-aliza-nisenbaum-dawit-l/}}</ref> * ''Jide Eziokwu Ndị a,'' Nathan Cummings Foundation New York City, Nọvemba 13, 2017 - Maachị 14, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nathancummings.org/hold-these-truths|title=Hold These Truths {{!}} Nathan Cummings Foundation|work=www.nathancummings.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-02|archivedate=2018-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303105907/http://www.nathancummings.org/hold-these-truths}}</ref> * ''Asụsụ izizi,'' [[Cue Foundation]], New York City, Septemba 6 – Ọktoba 11, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cueartfoundation.org/exhibitions/|title=Exhibitions|work=CUE Art Foundation|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-03-02|archivedate=2018-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225185358/http://cueartfoundation.org/exhibitions}}</ref> * ''Punch'' (nke [[Nina Chanel Abney]] chepụtara), Jeffrey Deitch, New York, Septemba 15 - Ọktoba 27, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deitch.com/new-york/exhibitions/punch|title=Punch, Curated by Nina Chanel Abney|work=deitch.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref> * ''Ihe nketa nke Lynching: Na-emegide Ụjọ agbụrụ na America'' (ahaziri na Brooklyn Museum, Equal Justice Initiative, na [[Google]] ), Cantor Fitzgerald Gallery na Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, October 26, 2018 - December 16, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://exhibits.haverford.edu/thelegacyoflynching/|title=The Legacy of Lynching: Confronting Racial Terror in America|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref> * ''2019 Whitney Biennial'' (nke [[Rujeko Hockley]] na Jane Panetta kwadoro), Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, Mee 17 - Septemba 22, 2019 <ref name=":ff">{{Cite web|title=Whitney Biennial 2019|url=https://whitney.org/exhibitions/2019-Biennial|work=whitney.org|language=en}}</ref> * ''Ozi ozugbo: Art, Asụsụ, na Ike'', MCA Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, Ọktoba 26, 2019 - Jenụwarị 26, 2020 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mcachicago.org/Exhibitions/2019/Direct-Message|title=Direct Message: Art, Language, and Power|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref> == Ntụaka == osipụtara usoro mbipụta ọhụrụ ewepụtara aha ya bụ Ọ dịghị mmadụ etinyere aka{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] grscq36fj8f9jyilaodgs91vzu7ixco Sérgio Humberto 0 50027 696839 212052 2026-08-04T16:46:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696839 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:1718797477608 20240618 PEREIRA DA SILVA Sergio Humberto PT 005.jpg|thumb|Sérgio Humberto]] {{Infobox officeholder|party=[[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|Social Democratic Party]]|termstart=16 July 2024|termend=|parliament=|office=[[Member of the European Parliament]]<br />for [[Portugal (European Parliament constituency)|Portugal]]}} '''Sérgio Humberto Pereira da Silva''' (amụrụ 7 November 1975) bụ onye nkuzi na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, sitere na Social Democratic Party . N'agbata 2013 na 2024, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi obodo Trofa . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Trofa Municipality|url=https://mun-trofa.pt/menu/75/presidente-da-camara-ppdpsd---cdspp}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-18|title=Eleições europeias: PSD/Porto indica Sérgio Humberto como candidato|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2024-04-18-eleicoes-europeias-psd-porto-indica-sergio-humberto-como-candidato-bde9176e|accessdate=2024-07-01|work=SIC Notícias|language=pt|archivedate=2024-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701181937/https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2024-04-18-eleicoes-europeias-psd-porto-indica-sergio-humberto-como-candidato-bde9176e}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu Mgbakọ nke Republic, n'etiti 2011 na 2013, nke ndị obodo Porto họpụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Biografia|url=http://www.parlamento.pt/DeputadoGP/Paginas/Biografia.aspx?BID=4398|accessdate=2024-07-01|work=www.parlamento.pt|language=pt-PT}}</ref> A họpụtara ya dị ka onye otu nzuko omeiwu Europe maka Portugal n'oge ntuli aka nzuko omeiwu Europe 2024 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Donn|first=Natasha|date=10 June 2024|title=Who are Portugal’s new Members of European Parliament?|url=https://www.portugalresident.com/who-are-portugals-new-members-of-european-parliament/|accessdate=1 July 2024|work=Portugal Resident|archivedate=3 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703173922/https://www.portugalresident.com/who-are-portugals-new-members-of-european-parliament/}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] a2v2374fwwbxxut8ahuxyhcrlsyn6u8 Water supply and sanitation in Nigeria 0 50075 696854 201249 2026-08-04T22:06:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696854 wikitext text/x-wiki A na-eketa ọrụ inye mmiri na Naijiria n'etiti okwa atọ (3) nke ọkara - etiti etiti, steeti na mpaghara .   Gọọmenti etiti na-ahụ maka njikwa ihe mmiri mmiri;   Gọọmenti steeti nwere ọrụ mbụ maka inye mmiri mmiri n'obodo ukwu;   na ihu ime obodo yana ndị obodo na-ahụ maka inye mmiri n'ime ime obodo.   Akọwaghị nke ọma ọrụ maka ndị ọcha . [[Usòrò:Ningi_built_borehole.jpg|thumb| Ningi rụrụ olulu mmiri]] Ogo ọrụ inye mmiri na mgbake ọnụ akara dị ala.  Tarifụ mmiri dị ala ma ọtụtụ ndị na-eji mmirika ihe nchekwa ha.  Ndị na-enye ọrụ si otú a na-adabere na ndidi oge ụfọdụ iji tinye ọrụ ha <ref>{{Cite web|title=Addressing the social consequences of tariffs for water supply|url=http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV/WKP(2020)13&docLanguage=En}}</ref> Amụma na akwụkwọ mba na-akwado isonyere na ngalaba nkeonwe yana igbochi nke ọma na ọkwa steeti.  [3] Mmiri mmiri na nke ọcha nke mba na-amata mkpa mmiri na ọcha dị ka ọ bụ isi na obodo mụrụ obodo obodo. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Adeoti|first=O.|date=2007-02-01|title=Challenges to managing water resources along the hydrological boundaries in Nigeria|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.002|journal=Water Policy|volume=9|issue=1|pages=105–118|doi=10.2166/wp.2006.002|issn=1366-7017}}</ref> == Nweta == [[Usòrò:Community_service_carried_out_on_sanitation_day.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-ekpochapụ olulu mmiri na [[Ilorin|Ilorin, Nigeria]] n'oge ụbọchị ịdị ọcha afọ ofufo. Ọbụlagodi mgbe enwere akụrụngwa zuru oke maka ndozi ịdị ọcha na ịdị mma nwere ike ọ gaghị adị mgbe niile na Naịjirịa. [[Mmetọ plastik|Mmetọ rọba]] na-etinye aka na [[Mmiri mkpofu|nsị nsị]] n'ụwa niile.]] N'ihe dị ka afọ 2015, 45 nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na na-enwere eze mmiri opekata mpe .  [5] [6] Nke a bụ 82% nke ndị bi n'obodo mepere emepe na 54% nke ndị bi n'ime obodo.  Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na mmetụta enweta mmiri dị ọcha, n'ime ime obodo.  [7] nọmbaọgụ ndị ọcha na ndị ọcha zuru ụwa ọnụ na-egosi na kpakpando 79 nke ndị Naijiria na-enweta ihe ịma aka nke mmiri mmiri .  [8] Na 2015, ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 60 mmanya mmanya gburu mmiri "opekata mpe".  Banyere ọcha, naanị 33% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ niile nwere njikwa "opekata mpe" ọcha.  Nke a bụ 39% nke ndị bi n'obodo mepere emepe na 27% nke ndị bi n'ime obodo.  Ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 122 ka kehọrọlụ “opekata mpe” ọcha ọcha. <ref name="WASHwatch">{{Cite web|title=Nigeria|work=WASHWatch|accessdate=21 March 2017|url=https://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/nigeria/summary/statistics/|archivedate=9 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109030735/http://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/nigeria/summary/statistics/}}</ref> N'ime obodo mepere emepe, a na-anọchi anya ọwa mmiri kwụ ọtọ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu iji nweta mmiri. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2000-10-05|title=UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/Wider)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0198292686.001.0001.002.002|journal=Poverty and Undernutrition|pages=ii|doi=10.1093/0198292686.001.0001.002.002}}</ref> Ịdị ọcha zuru oke na-abụkarị n'ụdị tankị septik, n'ihi na enweghị usoro [[Mmiri mkpofu|nsị]] nke etiti. Ọnụọgụ gbasara ịnweta mmiri na ịdị ọcha na-emegiderịta onwe ya n'ihi nkọwa dị iche iche, ihe ngosi na usoro nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche tinyere. Enweghị nlekota ngalaba ọ bụla. <ref>John Gambo Laah, Ph.D., Water and Sanitation Monitoring Platform (WSMP), Nigeria: [http://www.nwri.gov.ng%2Fuserfiles%2Ffile%2FWS_Summary_Sheet-Nigeria.ppt&ei=jUmFT8CNGcic8gOizrzYBw&usg=AFQjCNHHEQ5e5ZlcUhiTNcyRx8lQNKtXnQ&cad=rja Nigeria Water and Sanitation Summary Sheet], no date</ref> Dị ka ''Guardian News'' si kwuo : "Onye isi nke Advocacy, Policy and Communication, Water Aid Nigeria, Kolawole Banwo, kwuru na n'ime 774 Local Government Area na Nigeria, na 76 bụ nanị 76 nwere onwe na ọnọdụ nke ihicha ụlọ na mba ahụ, nsogbu ịdị ọcha a. ka bụ okwu dị mkpa nke chọrọ ime ngwa ngwa." <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-06|title=40% of FCT residents into open defecation|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/40-of-fct-residents-into-open-defecation/|accessdate=2022-03-01|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|archivedate=2022-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301105621/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/40-of-fct-residents-into-open-defecation/}}</ref> Dị ka akụkọ Amnesty International bipụtara na Septemba, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ Shell na gọọmentị [[Ȯra Rivers|Rivers State]], na ndịda Nigeria anaghị eme nke ọma iji nye mmiri dị ọcha na Ogale, mpaghara na-abụghị isi obodo steeti ahụ. A na-amanye ndị bi ebe ahụ ịzụta mmiri n'ọnụ ahịa anaghị akwụ ụgwọ ma ọ bụ ṅụọ n'olulu mmiri nke benzene metọọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR4491722018ENGLISH.pdf|title=COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA DRINKING POLLUTED WATER|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Common Water Issues {{!}} U.S. Geological Survey|url=https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/common-water-issues|accessdate=2022-02-27|work=www.usgs.gov}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Water_transportation_in_Nigeria.jpg|thumb| Ọrụ mmiri]] [[Usòrò:Treatment_Plan_Dadin_kowa.webm|thumb| Ụlọ mmiri]] Dị ka [[World Bank]] si kwuo, n'afọ 2010, "Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta mmiri na [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] adịghị adịkarị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ihi ngwá ọrụ agbajiri agbaji, ma ọ bụ enweghị ọkụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ mmanụ ọkụ maka mgbapụta. " <ref name="worldbank.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2010/04/22/new-project-to-bring-clean-water-to-50000-households|title=New Project to Bring Clean Water to 50,000 Households|work=World Bank|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> Ọnụ ego ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmiri na-abawanye site na mkpa ọ dị ịdabere na ndị na-emepụta mmanụ diesel ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-arụ ọrụ ọkụ nke aka ha, ebe ọ bụ na ọkụ eletrik adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. A naghị echekwa akụrụngwa na ọkpọkọ nke ọma, na-eduga n'inweta oge na-adịghị anya na oke mmiri na-enweghị ego . <ref name="WB 2010">World Bank:[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/NIGERIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22553025~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:368896,00.html New Project to Bring Clean Water to 50,000 Households], 22 April 2010</ref> N'ihe dị ka afọ 2000, ihe dị ka 80% nke sistemu mmiri gọọmentị nwere (nke ọha na-arụ ọrụ) na obere obodo anaghị arụ ọrụ. <ref name="WB 2000"/> Site na ntinye ego na iwulite ikike maka obodo, ọrụ nke isi mmiri nwere ike ịbawanye n'oge dị mkpirikpi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime obodo ndị a na-elekwasị anya nke UNICEF na-akwado na [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]] State, arụ ọrụ esiwo na 53% gaa na 98%, na na [[Ȯra Kebbi|Kebbi]] steeti, ọrụ nke olulu mmiri esiwo na 12% gaa na 88%. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị a ga-esi na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge, mgbe ntinye aka mba ụwa kwụsịrị. <ref name="worldbank.org"/> == Amụma na atụmatụ mba == Usoro iwu inye mmiri na ịdị ọcha nke ala Naijiria, nke akwadoro na 2000, na-agba ume itinye aka na ngalaba nkeonwe ma na-atụpụta mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ na amụma na ọkwa steeti. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị ntakịrị ihe mere n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ. N'ihe dị ka afọ 2007, naanị anọ n'ime steeti 37 - Lagos, Cross River, [[Kaduna]] na [[Ȯra Ogun|Ogun]] States - malitere iwebata mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nkeonwe (PPP) n'ụdị nkwekọrịta ọrụ, <ref name="USAID">USAID: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200929081512/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO937.pdf Nigeria Water and Sanitation Profile], ca. 2007</ref> ụdị PPP ebe ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Nkeonwe nwere oke na akụrụngwa arụ ọrụ na-enweghị mkpali arụmọrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị nwere amụma ịgbasa ọchịchị, obere mbelata n'ezie emeela. Ikike nke gọọmentị ime obodo ịhazi na ime itinye ego, ma ọ bụ iji rụọ ọrụ na idobe sistemu, ka dị ala n'agbanyeghị mbọ a na-eme n'ịkwalite ikike. Ọzọkwa, amụma mba na-elekwasị anya na inye mmiri ma na-eleghara ịdị ọcha anya. <ref name="USAID" /> === Gọọmentị etiti === Ndị ọrụ Federal Ministry of Water Resources, nke bụbu ndị nke Ministry of Agriculture ruo oge 2010, na-ahụ maka nnukwu ọrụ mmiri na oke mmiri n'etiti steeti.  Enwere 12 River Basin Development Authority n'okpuru Ministry, nke na-ahụ maka akara na ike mmiri, ọrụ ogbugba mmiri na nchịkọta nke hydrological, hydro-geological data.  Ha na- mfe obodo ukwu mmiri si n'ihe nte mmiri .  E hiwere otu Utilities Charges Commission na 1992 iji mgbaàmà na mezie tarifụ mgbaàmà, nke ụlọ ọrụ steeti mmiri ara ehi. <ref name="WB 2000"/> === Ọchịchị steeti === === Ndị ọchịchị ime obodo === Ndị ọchịchị ime obodo (LGAs), nke dị 774, bụ ndị na-ahụ maka inye mmiri mmiri na ime obodo na mpaghara ha n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ naanị ole na ole nwere ihe onwunwe na nkà iji dozie nsogbu ahụ. Naanị LGA ole na ole nwere ngalaba inye mmiri n'ime ime obodo. [[Usòrò:Suffering_and_smiling.jpg|alt=Water is a basic necessity of life|thumb]] === Obodo === N'ụụ obodo dị n'ime ime obodo, e hiwela kọmitii mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha (WASCO) iji ọrụ ma na-arụkwa ebe mmiri mmiri.  Ndị kọmitii ndị a kwesịrị mkpara na-enye mmiri nke ha.  Ndị nyere onyinye dị ka African Development Bank , ezela ihe a na-enwe na opekata mpe 30% nke ndị otu WASCO ga-akpa ụmụ anọ.  [18] N'afọ 1993, Gọọmenti akwụkwọ onwe ya iji wusie ike ikere òkè n'ime mmirika ime obodo na akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.  N'afọ 2000, a naghị ekesa ma ọ bụ tinye ya n'ahụ n'ime mmemme mmemme- ma ọ bụ ndị nyere onyinye. <ref name="WB 2000">World Bank/Federal Republic of Nigeria:[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NIGERIAEXTN/Resources/wss_1100.pdf Water Supply & Sanitation Interim Strategy Note], November 2000, retrieved on April 11, 2012</ref> == Akụkụ ego == === Tarifụ na ego mgbake === ego dị maka njikọ na- atụ .  ọtụtụ njikọ mmiri Naịjiria ngwa eji mita.  Akọọgụ nha dị iche site na 7% na Katsina ruo 16% na Kaduna na 24% na Lagos na 2007. A na-ana ndị egwuregwu na-echeghị echiche dị iche na-adabereghị na oriri.  Maka ndị na-ahụ maka anya mita, ọnụ ọnụ ọnụ ụlọ kwa ọnwa bụ US$3 na Lagos, US$5 na Katsina na US$11 na Kaduna.  [18] Na steeti Yobe ọ bụ naanị Naira 100 (US$0.60) kwa ụnwa, ọ kacha ala na mba ahụ ụlọ ọrụ mmiri Yobe steeti siri kwuo.  Ego tarifu kpuchiri naanị 2% nke ego e ji enye mmiri <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yobe charges least water tariff in Nigeria|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4108:yobe-charges-least-water-tariff-in-nigeria&catid=10:environment&Itemid=11|publisher=Daily Trust|accessdate=12 April 2012|date=7 October 2010}}</ref> Tarifu maka njikọ njikọ .  A na-ana ndị eji metered elele tarifu linear, dị ka ọ dị na Legọs, ma ọ bụ tarifu na-amadị, dịka ọ dị na Katsina na Kaduna.  N'okpuru tarifu na--block-block, tarifu kwa cubic mita na- teepụ stepwise na oriri na-amalite na oriri nke 30m3 kwa ụnwayọ na nkeji nke 3 ruo 6 blocks.  Tarifu ebe obibi maka egwu mbụ nke oriri bụ US$0.19 kwa m3 na Kaduna na US$0.44 kwa m3 na Katsina.  Tarifụ maka ndị ọrụ azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ ihe dị elu.  [18] Nkezi mmiri mmiri maka ndị ọrụmetered bụ Naira 50 kwa m3 (US$0.30) na steeti Oyo na Naira 16 kwa m3 (US$0.10) na steeti Taraba na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|author=African Development Bank|title=Urban Water Supply and Sanitation for Oyo And Taraba States, Project Appraisal Report|url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/AR%20Nigeria002En.pdf|accessdate=12 April 2012}}</ref> '''Nchịkọta tarifu''' . Sistemụ ozi emechiela yana usoro ịgba ụgwọ na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ na-ebute mfu ego ndị ọzọ. Ọnụego nnakọta ego dị obere. N'ebe ụfọdụ ọ na-erughị 10% nke ego akwụ ụgwọ. Enwere nnukwu ụgwọ, ọkachasị ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. '''Mgbanwe tarifu''' . Steeti ọ bụla na-edobe tarifu mmiri nke ya. Ọ dị mkpa ka ndị Council Executive Council kwadoro ngbanwe tarifu site na usoro ogologo oge. N'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị ike ikpuchi ụgwọ ọrụ ha, na enweghị ike idobe ngbanwe nke tarifu mgbe niile, ụlọ ọrụ mmiri nke steeti na-enweta enyemaka ego n'aka gọọmentị steeti. <ref name="WB 2000"/> === Ntinye ego === N'ihi na Naijiria izute Millennium Development Goal maka inye mmiri site site 2015, obodo kwesịrị ihe dị ka ike naira 215 (US$1.3 ihi) kwa afọ.  Naijiria na-etinye ego ụgwọ ụlọ naira 82.5 (US$0.5) n'ime ngalaba ahụ ugbu a.  [20] Ọtụtụ n'ime ndụ ego ndị dị a dị mkpa iji rụkwaa ngwaahịa na-edo nke ọma.  O doghị anya ma akwụkwọ ahụ ọcha ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. === Ịnye ego === Ọ bụ ebe na ọkwa atɔ ahụ kwesịrị aka zuru oke n'ịkwanye ego maka mmiri mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha, mmetụta ime obodo enwe mmetụta ego iji mee ya.  Ọkwa steeti na isi etiti na-abụ obere ego.  N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ego mmiri ọha na eze na egwu ihe ọcha na Naijiria bụ ndị nyere onya.  [18] Ịke egwu egwu na ụtụ isi n'etiti ọkwa dị iche bụ okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Naijiria, nke kewara n'etiti ndị mmadụ North na ọtụtụ ndị ụka Ndịda South na ebe otu mpaghara dị na South na-enweta ego niile  isiokwu.  N'agbata 1948 na 2001, kọmitii ndụ, iwu ndị agha isii, otu iwu nke ndị omebe iwu na ikpe abụọ nke ndị ikpe Kasị Elu ,pọwo egosi, mgbasa ego n'etiti ozi nke ike na-enyere ike ahụ.  [19] Ego ngosi ngosi ihe dị ka elele 90 nke ego na-egosi na-enweta, ndị na-egosi eze na ọrụ mbubata.  A na-azụ ihe ndị na-egosi na obere ego steeti na mpaghara, ma na-eke akụ ndị a gba iso site na okwa adia dịka usoro nkwado.  Mgbe kaadi onwe pre, ọgwụgwọ etiti 40% nke ego ha na ọgwụgwọ steeti natakwara 60%, onye nhazi nke ga-erite uru na mpaghara ndị na-ahụ fim na Niger Delta .  Ndị echiche ime obodo obodo òkè.  Mgbe agha Biafra gachara, òkè nke mgbaka etiti mụbara ruo 80% na 1968, mana e mechara ọnwụ ọzọ.  Site na mgbanwe mgbanwe ime nke afọ 1976, iche ime obodo na-enweta òkè nke ya na ego haiche.  N'ihe dị ka afọ 1999, òkè nke echiche ime obodo bụ 20%, òkè bụ 24% na òkè nke etiti etiti na maka ọrụ iche bụ 56%. <ref>Akindele S.T and Olaopa : [https://web.archive.org/web/20191020195704/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/CAFRAD/UNPAN008121.pdf Fiscal federalism and local Government finance in Nigeria], 2002</ref> == Imekọ ihe ọnụ na mpụga == Ndị mmekọ kacha mkpa n'Ụdị na mpaghara ọkọnọ mmiri na akwụkwọ ọcha nke Nigeria bụ African Development Bank, European Union, Japanese JICA, UNICEF, USAID, NGO WaterAid, Action Against Hunger (NGO) na World Bank .  Ụmụ akụ akụ Afrịka na World Bank na-enye ike ego mbịnye ego;  European Union, JICA na USAID na-enye nri nri;  UNICEF na WaterAid na-enweta sitere n'aka ndị na-enye sitere na ọha na eze na iji me ọrụ ha na Nkwado, mana ọ bụghị site na eze na-enye onyinye. === Ụlọ akụ mmepe Africa === Na February 2012, African Development Bank akwụkwọ ego mbinye ego dị nro US $100 iji nweta mmiri na akụkọ ọcha n'obodo Zaria nke ugwu.  Ndị ọrụ mmiri na steeti Kaduna ga-arụ ọrụ a.  [18] Ọ kwadokwara ọrụ mmiri na-eweta mmiri na ime obodo n'obodo Ibadan na Jalingo dị na steeti Oyo na Taraba n'afọ 2009. Ụbọchị abụọ a na-arụ n'obodo mepere egwu egwu mita mmiri, ihie nke ọcha ọcha.  yana ụlọ ụlọ mposi n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ụlọọgwụ, ebe a na-ahụ anya na akwụkwọ.  N'ịka ọrụ ọhụrụ na Zaria, ọrụ ochie na-akwado nkwado na ọkwa steeti iji kewapụ usoro iwu na ọrụ arụ ọrụ, na iwebata ogbenye mgbasa na eze na nkeonwe.  [19].  na ọ dị n'okpuru 50% na 2006, ruo 100% na 2012. Ebe a na-edebe idebe ọcha bụ ụlọ mposi sanplat na ikuku ventilas nke ọma. <ref name="AfDB 2012">African Development Bank:[http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/NIGERIA_profile_March%202012.pdf The African Development Bank in Action. Activities in the Water and Sanitation Sector in the Federal Republic of Nigeria], February 2012, retrieved on April 11, 2012</ref> N'afọ 2005, [[China]] bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta inye aka na Naijiria iji gwuo olulu mmiri 598 na steeti iri na asatọ na FCT. <ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation: [http://www.focac.org/eng/jmhz/t217231.htm China and Nigeria Sign Water Supply Project Agreement], 19 October 2005</ref> Edepụtaghị ego onyinye ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-emejuputa atumatu. === European Union === EU na-akwado nkwado mpaghara mmiri na mmiri na steeti isii ( Anambra, Cross River, Jigawa, Kano, Osun na Yobe ) na nde Euro iri na asaa.  Steeti Naijiria, n'ọkwa atọ niile nke ndị, na ndị obodo na-atụ anya inye ego Euro nde iri atọ na otu ọzọ <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121213064844/http://www.wsssrp.org/about-wsssrp Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Reform Programme], retrieved on April 11, 2012</ref> === JICA === JICA bụ mbiri maka Japan International Cooperation Agency [18] na ha na-enye onyinye maka mmiri ime obodo na ọcha na steeti atọ, Oyo, Kano na Yobe . <ref>JICA: [http://www.jica.go.jp/nigeria/english/activities/water.html Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Nigeria], retrieved on April 11, 2012</ref> === UNICEF === UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) nke a na-akpọ United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund [18] akwadola inye mmiri mmiri, idebe ihe ọcha na ọcha ọcha n'ime obodo na ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ofe mba ahụ akpụkpọ 2002. DFID na European  Commission akwadola aka ya.  Ngụkọta nke isi iyi ọhụrụ 6,960 dị mma (olulu mmiri, olulu mmiri gwuru na isi iyi echedoro) na ihe ụlọ ụlọ mposi ezinaụlọ 19,100.  E nyela ihe ụlọ akwụkwọ 400 ụlọ mposi nwere ndokwa dị iche maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwoke na ebe ịsa aka <ref>UNICEF:[http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/WCARO_Nigeria_Factsheets_WASH.pdf Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Nigeria], February 2007</ref> === USAID === USAID (United States Agency for International Development)[68] na-akwado inye mmiri ime obodo, idebe ihe ọcha na mmụta ịdị ọcha na Northern Nigeria, na obodo 46 na Bauchi, Kano na Sokoto State.  USAID na ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị Naijiria na-emekọ ihe ọnụ bụ Women Farmers Advancement Network (WOFAN), Action Against Hunger (NGO) na WaterAid.. <ref>USAID:[https://web.archive.org/web/20130215153430/http://nigeria.usaid.gov/access-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-wash Access to Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)], no date, retrieved on April 11, 2012</ref> <ref>USAID:[https://web.archive.org/web/20130218231338/http://nigeria.usaid.gov/newsroom/success-story/sokoto-water-life In Sokoto, Water is Life], 16 December 2011</ref> === WaterAid === WaterAid, otu NGO nke Britain, kwalitere ihe nke eserese ọcha, inye mmiri na ụkpụrụ ọcha site na usoro iji obodo na-akpa dị ọnụ ala.  Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Nigeria NGOs, ndị Benue NGO Network (BENGONET), Society for Water and Sanitation in Nigeria (NEWSAN), Justice Development and Peace Initiative (JDPI), Community Based Development - NGO (CBD-NGO), Women  Empowerment In Nigeria (WEIN) na Bol Development Association (BOLDA).  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ụgwọ otu obodo na steeti Bauchi, Benue na Plateau .  Ɔ Persiala ogo adịghị ike, dabere na njirisi ndị obodo n'onwe ha aro, iji nyere ndị obodo aka ikike onwe ha ebe a ga-ekenye ngwaahịa.  Usoro aka na nke doro anya dị otú ahụ mkpa dị n'ike n'laha obi dị ala na adịghị mma <ref>WaterAid Nigeria:[https://web.archive.org/web/20120108070404/http://www.wateraid.org/nigeria/what_we_do/where_we_work/default.asp Where we work], retrieved on April 11, 2012</ref> N'okwu dị mfe 2012, Ọnọdụ kwụrụ 2012, onye ọrụ kwụ ọtọ na mwepụ na nyoonụ ozi ọma.  Dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka mmiri mmiri si kwuo, President Goodluck Jonathan nwere ikike ngalaba na onwe ya nke nta akụkọ na ndị NGO dị mma iji ọrụ a. <ref>WaterAid Nigeria: [http://www.wateraid.org/nigeria/news/10358.asp Federal Government tasks WaterAid in Nigeria to lead monitoring and evaluation of WASH projects], 17 January 2012 </ref> === Ụlọ akụ ụwa === akụ mba ụwa arụchaala ọrụ mmiri mmiri asaa 1985 ma nwee ike ọrụ atọ na-aga n'ihu na 2010. Mkpokọta nke ego maka oru ngo iri a bụ ihe dịka ihe US$1.4.  The First Urban Water Reform Project (US$120 million) lekwasịrị anya obodo iri na atọ dị steeti Kaduna, Ogun na Enugwu .  Ihe oru ngo a bukwa n'obi iguzobe atumatu mmiri nke steeti, na ikwalite ekiri ya na ulo oru nkeonwe.  Ndị ọrụ nke abụọ Urban Water Reform Project nke ruru US $ 200 nde, na-akwado mgbasawanye nke ọkpọ ọkpọ na Calabar, na nhazi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmiri na usoro nkesa na Lagos yana obodo ọzọ na Cross River State .  N'okpuru Project Privatization, Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Water Board na enyere aka na US $ 25 nde.  [16] N'afọ 2012, ụlọ akụ mba ụwa agba ka a rụzigharị ọrụ n'obodo Lagos, Kaduna, Ogun, Enugu na Cross River steeti bụ US$400.  Na 2021, World Bank, mbinye ego maka $700 nde [18] maka mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha dị ka nke mmemme a na-akpọ SURWASH. <ref>[https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P170734 SURWASH]</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240812111429/https://lagoswater.org/ Ụlọ ọrụ Lagos Water Corporation] * [http://www.wateraid.org/nigeria/ Ebe WaterAid Nigeria] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q1wmtnyvdhtamf4gav71181ri4j9dyp Sayantika Banerjee 0 51692 696822 187360 2026-08-04T12:31:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696822 wikitext text/x-wiki   Sayantika Banerjee bụ onye India ama ama maka ọrụ ya na sinima Bengali. Ndị nkatọ etoola ya maka ime egwuregwu na ịgba egwu ya.[1] Na 2012 ọ nọ na ihe nkiri Bengali Awara, nke na-aga nke ọma na azụmahịa.[2] Ọ sonyeere All India Trinamool Congress, tupu ntuli aka Mgbakọ 2021 na West Bengal.[3] A họpụtara ya dị ka onye nnọchiteanya nke Baranagar Vidhan Sabha Constituency na West Bengal Assembly Assembly na 2024. == Ọrụ == Banerjee malitere ọrụ ya site na ihe ngosi egwu egwu Naach Doom Macha Ley. Mgbe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na fim ndị dị ka Target, Hangover na Mone Pore Ajo Sei Din, nke na-emeghị nke ọma na igbe igbe. Na 2012, o mere ihe na Awara na Jeet, nke nwetara ọganihu azụmahịa n'ụlọ ọrụ igbe.[1] Na 2012, ọ mere ihe nkiri ọzọ; Onye agbapụ. Na nyocha nke ihe nkiri ahụ, Times of India dere: <ref name="Shooter film">{{Cite news|title=Shooter film|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/bengali/movie-reviews/shooter/movie-review/15555930.cms|accessdate=30 October 2012|work=The Times of India|date=19 August 2012}}</ref><blockquote>"Ihe nkiri ahụ na-esi ísì nke echiche ochie ahụ nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, enweghị àgwà ndị dị ka dike na Joy (onye mere onye isi na-eme ihe nkiri Dibya aka Deba), mkparịta ụka na-adịghị mma na oke okwu mkparị na ime ihe ike na-enweghị isi mere ka ọ ka njọ. Sayantika ka Meghna gosipụtara ikike ụfọdụ. "</blockquote> == Telivishọn == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Ihe ngosi !Ọwa Mmiri |- |2008 |''Naach Dhoom Macha iwu'' |Rupashi Bangla |- |2015 |''Egwú Bindaas'' |Agba Bangla |- |2017 |''Bindaas Dance Season 2'' |Agba Bangla |} == Onye nnọchi anya akara == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ìgwè !Njikọ Cricket |- |Agụ Bengal |Njikọ Cricket Celebrity (CCL) |- |Afọ Iri Abụọ |Njikọ Cricket nke Bengal |} == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Ihe nrite !Ụdị !Ihe nkiri !Nsonaazụ |- |2012 |Onyinye Ndị Ntorobịa Bengal |Jodi kacha nwee Obi Ụtọ |''Mone Pore Ajo Sei Din''| {{Won}} |- |2013 |Onyinye Ndị Ntorobịa Bengal |Onye ntorobịa a ma ama (Nwanyị) |''Awara''| {{Won}} |- |2018 |Onyinye Ndị Ntorobịa Bengal |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma |''Enyi m na-ewere''| {{Won}} |} == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Onye nduzi !Ndị ibe ya !Onye na-emepụta ya !Ihe edeturu |- |2009 |''Ghor Sangsar'' |Millie |Swapan Saha |Jisshu, Anjana Basu, [[Arindam Ganguly]], Ramen Roychowdhury, Premjit |Mmekọrịta Mkpụrụ Ahịa | |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |''Ebumnuche: Ọrụ Ikpeazụ'' |Priti |Raja Chanda |Mithun Chakraborty, Joy, Neel Mukherjee, Santu Mukherjee |Mmekọrịta Mkpụrụ Ahịa | |- |''Ịkwụsị'' |Mili Mitra |Prabhat Roy |Prosenjit, Ọṅụ, Subhra Kundu |Mmekọrịta Mkpụrụ Ahịa | |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |''Paapi'' |IPS Jyoti |Swapan Saha |Prosenjit, Arya Babbar |Mmekọrịta Mkpụrụ Ahịa | |- |''Mone Pore Aajo Shei Din'' |Sunaina |Ajay Singh na Sudipto Ghatak |Obi Ụtọ, Abhiraj |Ihe nkiri PB |<ref>{{Cite web|author=|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Mone-Pore-Ajo-Sei-Din/movie-review/11117301.cms|title=Mone Pore Ajo Sei Din Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings|work=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=15 December 2011|accessdate=29 October 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |''Awara'' |Poulomi |Rabi Kinagi |Jeet, Mukul Dev |Ihe nkiri Shree Venkatesh | |- |''Onye na-agba égbè'' |Meghna |Provas & [[Arijit]] |Obi Ụtọ |Mmetụta Shristi | |- |2014 |''Mpaghara'' |Kajol |Rajiv Kumar Biswas |Dev, Srabanti Chatterjee |Ihe nkiri Shree Venkatesh |<ref>{{Cite web|author=|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Is-Dev-dating-Sayantika/articleshow/21894789.cms|title=Is-Dev-dating-Sayantika|work=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=18 September 2013|accessdate=29 December 2016}}</ref> |- |2015 |''Herogiri'' |Dr. Nandini |Rabi Kinagi |Dev, Mithun Chakraborty, Koel Mallick |Ihe nkiri Surinder | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''Ike'' |Anjali |Rajiv Kumar Biswas |Jeet, Nusrat Jahan |Shree Venkatesh Films & Surinder FilmsIhe nkiri Surinder |<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/entertainment/cinema/jeet-in-a-new-avtar/articleshow/49668263.cms|title=Jeet in a new avtar|publisher=Eisamay|accessdate=5 November 2015}}</ref> |- |''Kelor Kirti'' |Priya |Raja Chanda |Dev, Jisshu, Ankush, Mimi Chakraborty, Koushani Mukherjee, Nusrat Jahan |Shree Venkatesh Films & Surinder FilmsIhe nkiri Surinder | |- |{{Lang|bn-latn|[[Abhimaan (2016 film)|Abhimaan]]}} |Srijoni |Raj Chakraborty |Jeet, Subhashree GangulyNdị òtù ọjọọ |Reliance Entertainment, Grassroot Entertainment & Walzen Media Works[[Walzen Media Works|Ọrụ mgbasa ozi Walzen]] |<ref>{{Cite web|author=|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/road-side-egg-roll-is-a-must-have-in-puja-sayantika/articleshow/54736921.cms|title=road-side-egg-roll-is-a-must-have-in-puja-sayantika|work=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=8 October 2016|accessdate=27 December 2016}}</ref> |- |''Byomkesh Pawrbo'' |Gulab Bai |Arindam Sil |Abir Chatterjee, Sohini Sarkar |Shree Venkatesh Films & Surinder FilmsIhe nkiri Surinder |<ref>{{Cite web|author=|url=https://wn.com/mobile/saroj_khan_choreographs_sayantika_banerjee_%7c_watch_dance_rehearsal_making_of_byomkesh_pawrbo_film|title=Saroj Khan Choreographs Sayantika Banerjee Watch Dance Rehearsal Making Of Byomkesh Pawrbo Film|work=wn.com|date=8 December 2016|accessdate=4 January 2017|archivedate=5 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105180235/https://wn.com/mobile/saroj_khan_choreographs_sayantika_banerjee_%7c_watch_dance_rehearsal_making_of_byomkesh_pawrbo_film}}</ref> |- |2017 |''Enyi m na-ewere'' |Prachi |Rabi Kinagi |Ankush, Nusrat Jahan, ỌṅụObi Ụtọ |SVF ntụrụndụ | |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''Uma'' |Menoka |Srijit Mukherjee |Jisshu Sengupta, Sara Sengupta |SVF ntụrụndụ | |- |''Naqaab'' |Anuradha |Rajiv Kumar Biswas |Shakib Khan, Nusrat Jahan |SVF ntụrụndụ | |- |''[[Bagh Bandi Khela (film)|Bagh Bandi Khela]]'' |Deboshree |Raja Chanda, Sujit Mondal, Haranath Chakraborty |Jeet, Prosenjit, Soham Chakraborty, Srabanti Chatterjee, Rittika Sen |Ihe nkiri Surinder & Ihe nkiri Jalsha | |- |2019 |''Shesh Theke Shuru'' |Madhubala |Raj Chakraborty |Jeet, Koel Mallick, Ritabhari Chakraborty |[[Jeetz Filmworks|Ihe nkiri Jeetz]] |Ọdịdị pụrụ iche na abụ "Madhubala" |- |2022 |''Akụkọ Nchekwa'' | |Raja Chanda |Ankush Hazra |Shadow Films, RT Network, Soumi's | |} == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tokixg5tmgjlpu3lzlbxkvce4wt2kzb 37.5°C na Namida 0 52551 696872 692902 2026-08-05T07:32:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696872 wikitext text/x-wiki   37.5°C no Namida bụ usoro manga nke Japan nke ''[[Chiiz!]]'' Shiina dere ma gosipụta. E bipụtara ya na Cheese nke [[Shogakukan]]! magazin site na Ọktọba 2013 ruo Mee 2022, na mpịakọta ''[[tankōbon]]'' iri abụọ na anọ na-achịkọta isiakwụkwọ ndị e wepụtara site na Machị 2014 ruo 2022. A na-egosi usoro [[Ihe nkiri telivishọn nke Japan]] na [[Usoro Mgbasa Ozi nke Tokyo|TBS]] site na July ruo September 2015. N'afọ 2017, 37.5°C no Namida meriri 62nd Shogakukan Manga Award na ngalaba ''shōjo''. == Atụmatụ == Ka Momoko Sugisaki na-arụ ọrụ na nlekọta ụmụaka, ọ na-esiri ya ike ịmụta otú ọ ga-esi meghachi omume na ụmụaka ndị chọrọ enyemaka ya, ebe ọ bụ na nlekọta ụmụaka ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nlekọta ụbọchị n'ime ụlọ maka ụmụaka na-arịa ọrịa. Ịgbalị ịchọpụta mgbe ekwesịrị ileghara iwu anya iji gboo mkpa ụmụaka na-arịa ọrịa. N'ịbụ ndị na-etolite na ha, Momoko nwere ike ịkọ otú otu onye nwere ike isi mee mgbanwe na ndụ ụmụaka. == Ndị mere ihe nkiri == ; Momoko Sugisaki : Portrayed by: Misako Renbutsu<ref name="Cast" /> ; Motoharu Asahina : Portrayed by: Hiroki Narimiya<ref name="Cast" /> ; Chikara Yanagi : Portrayed by: Naohito Fujiki<ref name="Cast" /> ; Megumi Seki : Portrayed by: Miki Mizuno<ref name="Cast" /> ; Kensuke Shinohara : Portrayed by: Mokomichi Hayami<ref name="Cast" /> ; Koyuki Asahina : Portrayed by: Hana Matsushima ; Koharu Asahina : Portrayed by: Rio Suzuki ; Fumiko Asagiri : Portrayed by: Atsuko Asano<ref name="Cast" /> ; Yumika Ono : Portrayed by: Reina Triendl<ref name="Cast" /> ; Yuki Sugisaki : Portrayed by: Kensei Mikami<ref name="Cast" /> ; Kumiko Shinohara : Portrayed by: Saori Takizawa ; Nishiki Sato : Portrayed by: Kazuhiko Nishimura ; Yoko Sato : Portrayed by: Maki Kubota ; Satomi Mori : Portrayed by: Noriko Nakagoshi ; Risa Machii : Portrayed by: Shuri ; Kanako Imai : Portrayed by: Natsuko Nagaike ; Teppei Kato : Portrayed by: Yuya Kido ; Sayaka Sato : Portrayed by: Risako Tanigawa ; Seiichiro Sugisaki : Portrayed by: Tosei Ishida ; Kaori Shimizu : Portrayed by: Yui Tanoue ; Kenta Shinohara : Portrayed by: Ayumu Yokoyama ; Masayo Tanaka : Portrayed by: Jun Miho ; Kaito Mori : Portrayed by: Yusaku Hayashida == Mgbasa ozi == === Akpụkpọ ụkwụ === Chika Shiina dere ma gosipụta ya, 37.5°C enweghị Namida ka edobere n'usoro n'ime cheese Shogakukan! magazin sitere na Ọktoba 24, 2013 ruo Mee 24, 2022.[1][2] Ewekọtara isiakwụkwọ ya na mpịakọta iri abụọ na anọ site na Machị 26, 2014 ruo June 24, 2022.{{Graphic novel list/header|OneLanguage=yes}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=1|RelDate=March 26, 2014<ref name="vol1">{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 １|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091358226|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-135822-6}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=2|RelDate=July 25, 2014<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ２|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091363367|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-136336-7}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=3|RelDate=November 26, 2014<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ３|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091364890|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-136489-0}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=4|RelDate=June 26, 2015<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ４|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091374103|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-137410-3}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=5|RelDate=November 26, 2015<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ５|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091380104|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-138010-4}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=6|RelDate=March 25, 2016<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ６|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091383044|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-138304-4}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=7|RelDate=July 26, 2016<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ７|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091385697|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-138569-7}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=8|RelDate=November 25, 2016<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ８|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091387806|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-138780-6}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=9|RelDate=March 24, 2017<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ９|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091391407|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-139140-7}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=10|RelDate=July 26, 2017<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 １０|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091394842|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-139484-2}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=11|RelDate=November 24, 2017<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 １１|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091396907|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-139690-7}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=12|RelDate=March 26, 2018<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 １２|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784091398802|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-139880-2}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=13|RelDate=July 26, 2018<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 １３|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098701513|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-870151-3}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=14|RelDate=November 26, 2018<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 １４|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098702589|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-870258-9}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=15|RelDate=March 26, 2019<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 １５|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098704026|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-870402-6}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=16|RelDate=July 26, 2019<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 １６|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098706037|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-870603-7}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=17|RelDate=November 26, 2019<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 １７|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098706570|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-870657-0}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=18|RelDate=February 26, 2020<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 １８|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098708024|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-870802-4}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=19|RelDate=June 26, 2020<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 １９|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098710065|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-871006-5}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=20|RelDate=November 26, 2020<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ２０|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098712021|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-871202-1}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=21|RelDate=April 26, 2021<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ２１|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098712571|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-871257-1}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=22|RelDate=September 24, 2021<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ２２|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098714148|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-871414-8}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=23|RelDate=January 26, 2022<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ２３|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098715725|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-871572-5}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=24|RelDate=June 24, 2022<ref name="vol24">{{cite web|script-title=ja:３７．５℃の涙 ２４|url=https://shogakukan-comic.jp/book?isbn=9784098712571|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=May 7, 2024|lang=ja}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-871646-3}} {{Graphic novel list/footer}} === Ihe nkiri === A na-egosi usoro Ihe nkiri telivishọn nke Japan na TBS site na July 9 ruo September 17, 2015.<ref name="ann">{{Cite web|author=Lee Hale|first=Daryl|date=May 24, 2015|title=Shiina's 37.5°C no Namida Manga Resumes, Gets Live-Action TV Series|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-05-24/shiina-37.5c-no-namida-manga-resumes-gets-live-action-tv-series/.88439|accessdate=May 25, 2015|work=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref><ref name="Cast">{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/150024|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|work=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|date=June 10, 2015|accessdate=May 7, 2024|language=ja|title=Archive copy|archivedate=July 4, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704213212/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/150024}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''[[Natalie (ebe nrụọrụ weebụ)|Comic Natalie]]'' (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. June 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)]] [[Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)]]</ref> == Nnakwere == 37.5°C no Namida meriri 62nd Shogakukan Manga Award na ngalaba ''shōjo'' na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ressler|first=Karen|date=January 23, 2017|title=Mob Psycho 100, More Win 62nd Shogakukan Manga Awards|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-01-23/mob-psycho-100-more-win-62nd-shogakukan-manga-awards/.111385|accessdate=January 23, 2017|work=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule Eprel 2022, mgbasa ozi nke usoro a gụnyere mbipụta dijitalụ agafeela nde atọ. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * 37.5°C enweghị Namida na Cheese! (n'asụsụ Japanese) * 37.5°C enweghị Namida na TBS (n'asụsụ Japanese) * 37.5°C no Namida (manga) naAnime News Networkencyclopedia o226trs4lztc7857jnkhozwrvsshx8v 2018 Ịgba égbè na Tallahassee 0 52751 696870 207922 2026-08-05T07:26:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696870 wikitext text/x-wiki   Na Nọvemba 2, 2018, ogbugbu mmadụ mere na Tallahassee Hot Yoga, ụlọ ihe nkiri yoga dị na Tallahassee, Florida, United States. Onye ji egbe a, aha ya bụ Scott Paul Beierle, gbagburu ụmụnwaanyị isii, abụọ n'ime ha gbuo, wee pịa otu nwoke ụtarị tupu ya egbuo onwe ya.<ref name="NPR" /> Ndị nyocha mpụ gbara akaebe na onye mwakpo ahụ kpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị asị. Ndị ọrụ nzuzo US na International Center for Counter-Terrorism na-ewere mwakpo ahụ bụ omume iyi ọha egwu na-adịghị mma. <ref name="Long2022" /> <ref name="DiBranco2020" /> == Ịgba égbè == Scott Paul Beierle banyere n'ụlọ ọrụ yoga na-ekpo ọkụ n'elekere 5:37 nke ehihie EDT na Nọvemba 2, 2018, na-agba mmadụ isii égbè, na-akpata ọnwụ nke ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Maura Binkley, 21, na Dr. Nancy Van Vessem, 61.<ref name="NPR">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/03/663841900/gunman-kills-2-wounds-5-others-at-florida-yoga-studio?t=1541252025814|title=Gunman Kills 2, Wounds 5 Others At Florida Yoga Studio|author=Kesbeh|first=Dina|date=November 3, 2018|work=NPR.org|accessdate=November 3, 2018|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKesbeh2018">Kesbeh, Dina (November 3, 2018). [https://www.npr.org/2018/11/03/663841900/gunman-kills-2-wounds-5-others-at-florida-yoga-studio?t=1541252025814 "Gunman Kills 2, Wounds 5 Others At Florida Yoga Studio"]. ''NPR.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> &nbsp;Ndị uwe ojii zaghachiri na akụkọ nke ịgba égbè n'ime nkeji atọ na ọkara, ebe a hụrụ onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46082316|title=Florida yoga studio shooting: Two killed and four injured|date=November 3, 2018|work=BBC News|accessdate=November 3, 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ndị na-aga oriri na ọṅụṅụ n'ofe okporo ámá gwara ndị nta akụkọ otu ha si hụ ndị mmadụ ka ha na-agbapụ n'ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ nakwa na otu nwoke yi uwe elu na-acha ọcha nke gbara ọsọ n'ụlọ mmanya ahụ kwuru na ọ gbara onye na-agba égbè ahụ naanị ka a tie ya ihe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/florida-yoga-studio-shooting-leaves-3-dead-including-suspect-reports|title=Florida yoga studio shooting leaves 3 dead, including suspect: reports|author=Zwirz|first=Elizabeth|date=November 2, 2018|work=Fox News|accessdate=November 3, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> E mechara kwado nkwupụta a n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ndị lanarịrịnụ bụ ndị kwuru na onye ahịa nwoke ahụ jiri Ihe nhicha ikuku na mgbe ahụ mkpocha iji wakpo Beierle, nke nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ oge ịgbapụ. Onye isi Ndị uwe ojii nke Tallahassee bụ Michael DeLeo kwukwara na ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ "lụrụ ọgụ ma gbalịa ọ bụghị naanị ịzọpụta onwe ha kamakwa ndị ọzọ".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/joshua-quick-yoga-studio-shooting-hero_us_5be0040be4b01ffb1d03d434|title=Yoga Studio Shooting Hero Attacked Gunman With A Vacuum Cleaner And Broomstick|author=Mosbergen|first=Dominique|date=November 5, 2018|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=November 5, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Ụlọ ihe nkiri yoga bụ akụkụ nke plaza nke ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na azụmahịa ndị ọzọ nwere. Ndị na-eri nri n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị n'okpuru studio ahụ nụrụ mgbọ égbè ahụ wee gwa ndị nta akụkọ na onye nwe ya si n'ebe iri nri esi obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị, na-ajụ ma onye ọ bụla bụ dọkịta..<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wesh.com/article/gunman-in-tallahassee-yoga-studio-slayings-is-from-deltona-police-say/24593516|title=Gunman in Tallahassee yoga studio slayings is from Deltona, police say|date=November 3, 2018|publisher=WESH|accessdate=November 3, 2018|language=en}}</ref> == Ndị e gburu == Mgbe ndị uwe ojii rutere, a chọpụtara na a gbagburu mmadụ isii n'oge mwakpo ahụ. Mmadụ abụọ nwụrụ, Maura Binkley na Nancy Van Vessem, nwụrụ n'ebe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/03/us/florida-yoga-studio-shooting-victims/index.html|title=These are the victims of the Florida yoga studio shooting|author=Andone|first=Dakin|work=CNN|accessdate=November 5, 2018}}</ref> Maura Binkley, onye dị afọ 21, bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum Steeti Florida, na onye ga-agụsị akwụkwọ na 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2018/11/03/maura-binkley-victim-yoga-shooting-wanted-tallahassee-scott-beierle-hot-yoga/1872374002/|title=Maura Binkley, victim in Florida yoga studio shooting, 'just wanted to help other people'|author=White|first=Ashley|work=Tallahassee Democrat|accessdate=November 28, 2018}}</ref> Dr. Nancy Van Vessem, onye dị afọ 61, bụ dọkịta na onye isi nchịkwa ahụike maka Capital Health Plan. Ọ bụkwa onye otu ngalaba na Florida State . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2018/11/03/florida-yoga-shooting-victim-dr-nancy-van-vessem-worked-better-community/1872821002/|title=Florida yoga studio shooting victim Dr. Nancy Van Vessem worked to make community better|author=White|first=Ashley|work=Tallahassee Democrat|accessdate=November 28, 2018}}</ref> == Onye mere ya == '''Scott Paul Beierle''' (Ọktoba 6, 1978 - Nọvemba 2, 2018) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gunman In Yoga Studio Attack Had A Criminal History, Posted Racist And Sexist Videos|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/04/664157610/gunman-in-yoga-studio-attack-had-a-criminal-history-posted-racist-and-sexist-vid?t=1612446944786|work=NPR.org|date=November 4, 2018|accessdate=4 February 2021|language=en|author=Gathright|first=Jenny}}</ref> ka ndị uwe ojii mechara kpughee dị ka onye mere ya. Dabere na profaịlụ mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ya na Facebook na LinkedIn, Beierle bụ onye agha ochie na onye bụbu onye nkuzi maka Anne Arundel County Public School System na [[Mérílạnd|Maryland]], na-akụzi ma Bekee na ọmụmụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Meade High School ma na-esonyere ndị otu FSU College Republicans na We Are Conservatives.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Farrell|first=Paul|title=Scott Beierle: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/11/scott-beierle/|publisher=Heavy|date=November 3, 2018|accessdate=October 5, 2024|archivedate=October 7, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007095516/https://heavy.com/news/2018/11/scott-beierle/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ortiz|first=Jennifer|date=November 3, 2018|title=Florida yoga studio shooter was former teacher in Anne Arundel Co.|url=https://wtop.com/anne-arundel-county/2018/11/florida-yoga-studio-shooter-was-former-teacher-in-anne-arundel-co/|accessdate=November 9, 2018|work=WTOP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=D'Angelo|first=Bob|date=November 3, 2018|title=Who was Scott Beierle, the shooter at the Tallahassee yoga shop?|language=en|work=Springfield News Sun|url=https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/who-was-scott-beierle-the-shooter-the-tallahassee-yoga-shop/RnAVWFBLNHzv8zzSXaqQnN/|accessdate=November 3, 2018}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, Beierle akụzikwaala n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ dị ka onye nkuzi na-anọchi anya, ma ọ bụ naanị obere oge n'ihi nsogbu arụmọrụ na omume na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. N'otu oge, a chụpụrụ Beierle maka ihe mere ebe a kọrọ na ọ jụrụ nwa akwụkwọ nwanyị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ "na-akpụ akpụ", ka ọ na-emetụ ya aka "n'okpuru eriri brọ" n'afọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sheets|first=Tess|date=November 6, 2018|title=Tallahassee yoga gunman lost teacher job after touching student, asking if she was 'ticklish'|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/breaking-news/os-ne-scott-beierle-fired-volusia-middle-school-20181106-story.html|accessdate=November 9, 2018|work=Orlando Sentinel}}</ref> A na-ebo ya ebubo ugboro abụọ maka ịkụ ọkpọ, na 2012 na 2016, ebe a na-ebo ye ebubo na ọ na-ejide ụkwụ nwanyị n'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://komonews.com/news/nation-world/yoga-studio-shooter-had-previous-arrests-for-grabbing-women|title=Yoga studio shooter had previous arrests for grabbing women|date=November 3, 2018|work=KOMO|accessdate=November 3, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Vidio [[YouTube]] nke Beierle bipụtara na 2014 gosipụtara na ọ na-ejikọta onwe ya na obodo ndị na-alụbeghị di ma ọ bụ nwunye mgbe ọ na-eme mkpesa banyere ịjụ ya mmekọahụ n'aka ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Zaveri|first=Mihir|date=November 3, 2018|title=Gunman in Yoga Studio Shooting Recorded Misogynistic Videos and Faced Battery Charges|language=en|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/03/us/yoga-studio-shooting-florida.html|accessdate=November 3, 2018}}</ref> O mekwara ọmịiko n'ebe onye na-agba égbè nọ n'azụ igbu ọchụ nke 2014 Isla Vista, Elliot Rodger nọ, ebe ọ na-enwekwa owu ọmụma na enweghị ịhụnanya yana ide egwu ndị na-asọ ụmụ nwanyị na SoundCloud. Vidio ndị ọzọ gosipụtara ya na-ekwu okwu banyere [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|Ndị Africa America]], mbata iwu na-akwadoghị na mmekọrịta agbụrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mack|first=David|date=November 3, 2018|title=The Tallahassee Yoga Shooter Was A Misogynist Who Railed Against Women and Minorities Online|work=Buzzfeed News|publisher=|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/davidmack/tallahassee-yoga-shooter-incel-far-right-misogyny-video}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Fineout|first=Gary|date=2018-11-04|title=Yoga shooter appeared to have made misogynistic videos|url=https://apnews.com/article/dea39b8b45d2471a8c0df817cb9656d0|accessdate=2023-08-10|work=AP News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Silverstein|first=Jason|date=2018-11-03|title=Yoga studio gunman had history of arrests, posted misogynistic rants online|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hot-yoga-shooting-tallahassee-florida-gunman-scott-paul-beierle-had-prior-arrests-for-touching-women/|accessdate=2023-08-10|work=CBS News|language=en-US}}</ref> Otu n'ime vidiyo ndị ahụ bụ "Dangers of Diversity". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Andone|first=Dakin|date=November 4, 2018|title=Gunman in Florida yoga studio shooting made misogynistic comments on YouTube, NYT reports|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/03/us/tallahassee-shooting-yoga-studio/index.html|work=CNN|publisher=}}</ref> Ndị FBI na Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Tallahassee gbara akaebe na Beierle kpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị asị, na-ekwu na "na-enye ya nsogbu" n'oge ịgba égbè ahụ. Ha gara n'ihu kwuo na ya mere atụmatụ mwakpo ahụ ọtụtụ ọnwa tupu oge eruo.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Etters|first=Karl|date=February 12, 2019|title=Tallahassee yoga studio shooting: TPD report reveals gunman planned 'horrific event' for months|url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2019/02/12/tallahassee-yoga-studio-shooting-scott-paul-beierle-report-tpd-florida/2849736002|work=Tallahassee Democrat}}</ref> The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism depụtara mwakpo ahụ dị ka omume nke Iyi ọha egwu na-emegide ụmụ nwanyị. <ref name="DiBranco2020">{{Cite journal|author=DiBranco|first=Alex|date=February 10, 2020|title=Male Supremacist Terrorism as a Rising Threat|url=https://www.icct.nl/index.php/publication/male-supremacist-terrorism-rising-threat|journal=International Centre for Counter-Terrorism|accessdate=July 23, 2020}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDiBranco2020">DiBranco, Alex (February 10, 2020). [https://www.icct.nl/index.php/publication/male-supremacist-terrorism-rising-threat "Male Supremacist Terrorism as a Rising Threat"]. ''International Centre for Counter-Terrorism''. [[The Hague]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200420024236/https://icct.nl/publication/male-supremacist-terrorism-as-a-rising-threat/ Archived] from the original on April 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Ihe si na ya pụta == Mahadum Florida State nwere vigil maka ndị gbara ogbunigwe ahụ na Nọvemba 4, ebe a na-ahazi usoro ụtụ ọzọ maka Nọvemba 5 site n'enyemaka nke Tallahassee Delta Delta sorority Chapter, nke onye ihe metụtara Maura Binkley bụ onye otu.[1] Ndị ezinaụlọ na ndị enyi onye nwụrụ anwụ bipụtara ụtụ ndị ọzọ site na mgbasa ozi ọha [2]. Na Nọvemba 11, e mere vigil kandụl na Cascades Park. Ụbọchị mgbe agbapụ ahụ gasịrị, onye nkuzi yoga nke Hot Yoga Tallahassee duziri otu yoga maka ọgwụgwọ n'etiti Adams Street.[3][4] N'afọ 2019, nne na nna Binkley gbara ụlọ ọrụ yoga na onye nwe ụlọ akwụkwọ na-ekwu na ha abụọ eleghara anya n'inye nchekwa zuru oke..<ref>{{Cite web|author=Etters|first=Karl|date=26 June 2019|title=Parents of Hot Yoga shooting victim Maura Binkley sue studio, Betton Place property owner|url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2019/06/26/hot-yoga-tallahassee-shooting-maura-binkley-father-suing-business-betton-place-property-owner/1572775001|work=Tallahassee Democrat}}</ref> n Maura's Voice Research Fund (MVRF) na Florida State University College of Social Work guzobere ndị nne na nna Maura, Jeff na Margaret Binkley, iji sọpụrụ ihe nketa ya na nraranye ya n'ijere ndị ọzọ ozi. MVRF na-akwado nyocha agụmakwụkwọ na nke iwu lekwasịrị anya na mpụ ịkpọasị na mgbochi ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ma kpebisie ike na omume dị mma na mgbanwe amụma..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maura's Voice Research Fund {{!}} College of Social Work|url=https://csw.fsu.edu/mauras-voice|accessdate=2024-09-23|work=csw.fsu.edu}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, National Threat Assessment Center nke Secret Service wepụtara nyocha zuru ezu banyere ịgba égbè ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ na-ekwu na onye mwakpo ahụ bụ ihe atụ nke oke mmegide ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ ime ihe ike nke nwoke. E jidere ya maka imetụ ụmụ nwanyị aka, dee egwu ime ihe ike banyere ịta ụmụ nwanyị ahụhụ, ma nwee mmasị na ndị ọzọ na-egbu ọtụtụ mmadụ na-elekwasị ụmụ nwanyị anya.<ref name="Long2022">{{Cite news|author=Long|first=Colleen|date=March 15, 2022|title=Secret Service study of yoga class shooting shows misogyny|work=AP News|url=https://apnews.com/article/us-secret-service-florida-tallahassee-shootings-yoga-508ee63ef678d079d92273ebf4bf7a30|quote=The shooting that left two women dead and wounded six others spotlights the growing concern posed by extremists with hatred toward women, according to a case study the U.S. Secret Service released Tuesday.}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLong2022">Long, Colleen (March 15, 2022). [https://apnews.com/article/us-secret-service-florida-tallahassee-shootings-yoga-508ee63ef678d079d92273ebf4bf7a30 "Secret Service study of yoga class shooting shows misogyny"]. ''AP News''. <q>The shooting that left two women dead and wounded six others spotlights the growing concern posed by extremists with hatred toward women, according to a case study the U.S. Secret Service released Tuesday.</q></cite></ref> == Hụkwa == * Mgbukpọ nke Tsuyama * [[2009 Collier Township ịgba égbè]] * 2014 Ogbugbu ndị mmadụ na Isla Vista * 2015 Umpqua Community College ịgba égbè * 2018 Mwakpo ụgbọala na Toronto == Ihe odide == bzvsm79kcm6ah3q7clj2k189836mgdt AFL 23 0 52911 696873 189891 2026-08-05T07:39:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696873 wikitext text/x-wiki AFL 23 bụ egwuregwu vidiyo ịme anwansị ịgba bọọlụ n'Australia nke 2023 nke Big Ant Studios mepụtara na nke Nacon bipụtara. Ewepụtara ya na Mee 2023 maka Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 na PlayStation 5, ma ka ogologo oge gachara, ewepụtara ya maka Xbox One na Xbox Series X na Septemba 2023.[1][2] Egwuregwu ahụ bụ nkeji kacha ọhụrụ na usoro egwuregwu vidiyo AFL na-adịte aka, yana nke mbụ Big Ant mepụtara kemgbe AFL Live na 2011. == Egwuregwu == ''AFL 23'' bụ egwuregwu vidio nke Australian rules football simulation nke na-agba mbọ iṅomi Australian Football League (AFL) na AFL Women's. Ọ bụ ezie na aha ahụ na-elekwasị anya na asọmpi ndị ọkachamara abụọ a ma ama, ọ na-agụnyekwa ọtụtụ asọmpi steeti nke abụọ na-egosi asọmpi ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. Ndị na-egwu egwuregwu na-egwuri egwu egwuregwu bọọlụ AFL na ndị egwuregwu na ndị otu dị adị ma ọ bụ ndị e kere eke. Egwuregwu ahụ gosipụtara nkọwa sitere n'aka Anthony Hudson, Jason Bennett, Kelli Underwood, Garry Lyon na Daniel Harford, na ngosi anya ya na-ezube imepụtaghachi nke e ji mee ihe na mkpuchi AFL nke Seven Sport. Tinyere egwuregwu ngwa ngwa na ụdị egwuregwu n'ịntanetị, ọtụtụ ụdị egwuregwu ndị ọzọ dị. Ọnọdụ oge na-enye onye ọkpụkpọ ohere igwu egwu n'ime oge niile na league ha họọrọ, na-achịkwa ma ọ bụ asọmpi zuru ezu ma ọ bụ naanị otu klọb. Ọrụ nchịkwa na-agbasawanye na ọnọdụ oge iji nye onye ọkpụkpọ ohere ịchịkwa ego klọb ahụ, ndị ọrụ, ide na ịzụ ahịa n'ime ọtụtụ afọ. A mara ọkwa egwuregwu dabeere na kaadị a maara dị ka Pro Team, nke yiri nke EA Sports 'Ultimate Team modes, n'ọnwa Eprel 2023, mana ka ọ na-erule Mee 2024, a ka ga-etinye ya. Na Julaị 2024, a tọhapụrụ Pro Team na mmelite. Ngwá ọrụ Academy a ma ama nke Big Ant, nke mbụ a hụrụ na ''Don Bradman Cricket 14'', na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere ịmepụta ndị egwuregwu omenala, klọb, guernseys na ámá egwuregwu nke enwere ike ibubata n'ime egwuregwu maka iji ya n'ụdị dị iche iche. Enwere ike ịkekọrịta ihe okike nke ụlọ akwụkwọ n'etiti ndị ọrụ n'ịntanetị site na mkpado 'obodo'. == Njikọ na ámá egwuregwu == Klọb 18 niile nke AFL na AFLW site na oge AFL 2023 na oge AflW 2022 6 nọ n'egwuregwu ahụ. Ndị otu AFL niile nwere guernseys bonus, gụnyere ejiji ochie nke a na-adịghịzi eyi, na-enweghị nkwado. E nwere ámá egwuregwu 40 na ''AFL 23''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The player and team ratings for AFL 23 are out – and they're strange|url=https://www.sen.com.au/news/2023/03/22/the-player-and-team-ratings-for-afl-23-are-out-and-theyre-strange|accessdate=2023-06-26|work=www.sen.com.au|language=en|archivedate=27 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327161711/https://www.sen.com.au/news/2023/03/22/the-player-and-team-ratings-for-afl-23-are-out-and-theyre-strange/}}</ref> === Ndepụta nke egwuregwu === * Njikọ bọọlụ Australia * Ụmụ nwanyị AFL * Njikọ bọọlụ nke Victoria * VFL Ụmụ nwanyị * Njikọ bọọlụ mba South Australia * Njikọ Ụmụ nwanyị SANFL * Njikọ bọọlụ nke West Australia * WAFL Ụmụ nwanyị === Ndepụta ámá egwuregwu === * bemAdelaide Oval - South AustraliaNdịda Australia * Alberton Oval - South Australia * Arden Street - Victoria * Blundstone Arena - Tasmania * Box Hill City Oval - Victoria * Brighton Homes Arena - Queensland * Casey Fields - Victoria * Cazalys Stadium - Queensland * Ogige Ntụrụndụ Chirnside - Victoria * Obodo Coburg Oval - Victoria * Fremantle Oval - Western AustraliaEbe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Australia * Giants Stadium - New South Wales * GMHBA Stadium - Victoria * Great Barrier Reef Arena - Queensland * Ogige Henson - New South Wales * Heritage Bank Stadium - Queensland * Ogige Ikon - Victoria * Kinetic Stadium - Victoria * Manuka Oval - Isi obodo AustraliaÓgbè Isi Obodo Australia * Mars Stadium - Victoria * Egwuregwu Marvel - Victoria * Ogige Cricket nke Melbourne - Victoria * Ogige Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime - Western Australia * North Port Oval - Victoria * North Sydney Oval - New South Wales * Norwood Oval - South Australia * Optus Stadium - Western Australia * Preston City Oval - Victoria * Ogige RSEA - Victoria * Swinburne Center Punt Road Oval - Victoria * Ogige Egwuregwu Summit - South Australia * Ogige Cricket nke Sydney - New South Wales * Gabba - Queensland * TIO Stadium - Northern TerritoryÓgbè Ndị Dị n'Ebe Ugwu * Ogige Ntụrụndụ TIO Traeger - Northern Territory * UTAS Stadium - Tasmania * Ogige Victoria - Victoria * VU Whitten Oval - Victoria * Williamstown Cricket Ground - Victoria * Ebe Nchekwa Wilson Trevor Barker Beach Oval - Victoria == Mmepe na ntọhapụ == E bu ụzọ wepụta egwuregwu ahụ na 13 Eprel 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Reilly|first=Luke|date=2 March 2023|title=AFL 23 Release Date Confirmed, Arriving April|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/afl-23-release-date-confirmed-arriving-april|accessdate=2023-06-26|work=IGN|language=en}}</ref> Egwuregwu ahụ na-egbu oge ruo 4 Mee, na-eche na ọ bụ n'ihi mbipụta anụ ahụ nke nsụgharị Xbox na-anọbeghị na Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Wright|first=Steve|date=6 April 2023|title=AFL 23 delayed to May 2023|url=https://stevivor.com/news/afl-23-delayed-to-may-2023/|accessdate=2023-06-26|work=Stevivor|language=en-AU|archivedate=26 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626215750/https://stevivor.com/news/afl-23-delayed-to-may-2023/}}</ref> Ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ụbọchị mwepụta ọhụrụ, a mara ọkwa na a ga-egbu oge ọzọ maka ụdị Xbox nke egwuregwu ahụ ruo n'etiti ruo na ngwụcha June.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Verbrugge|first=Kieron|date=1 May 2023|title=AFL 23 Has Been Delayed Again On Xbox (Updated)|url=https://press-start.com.au/news/xbox/2023/05/02/afl-23-has-been-delayed-again-on-xbox/|accessdate=2023-06-26|work=Press Start|language=en-US}}</ref> A ka tọhapụrụ PS4, PS5 na Windows version nke egwuregwu ahụ na 4 Mee.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 May 2023|title=AFL23 game: Release date, price, consoles, team ratings, player ratings, modes, commentators|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/au/afl/news/afl-23-game-release-date-player-ratings-price-/wia3ljjna1vtsq5e4wlltia2|accessdate=2023-06-26|work=www.sportingnews.com|language=en-gb}}</ref> N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Juun, Big Ant Studios kwupụtara igbu oge ọzọ na ntọhapụ Xbox, n'oge a ruo "ọgwụgwụ Julaị ruo mmalite Ọgọstụ".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Grixti|first=Shannon|date=16 June 2023|title=AFL 23 Has Been Hugely Delayed On Xbox Consoles Again|url=https://press-start.com.au/news/xbox/2023/06/16/afl-23-has-been-hugely-delayed-on-xbox-consoles-again/|accessdate=2023-06-26|work=Press Start|language=en-US|archivedate=26 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626003719/https://press-start.com.au/news/xbox/2023/06/16/afl-23-has-been-hugely-delayed-on-xbox-consoles-again/}}</ref> Oge a gafere ọzọ na-enweghị ntọhapụ ma ọ bụ nkwupụta ọ bụla site n'aka ndị mmepe. N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, onye nnọchi anya nkwado ndị ahịa site na JB Hi-Fi kọwara na ewepụla ntọhapụ Xbox ruo ụbọchị iri atọ na otu n'ọnba. E mechara wepụta ụdị egwuregwu Xbox na 22 Septemba 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jackson|first=Zach|date=2023-08-09|title=AFL 23 On Xbox Has Likely Been Delayed Even Further|url=https://www.well-played.com.au/afl-23-on-xbox-has-likely-been-delayed-even-further/|accessdate=2023-08-20|work=WellPlayed|language=en-AU|archivedate=2023-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820023645/https://www.well-played.com.au/afl-23-on-xbox-has-likely-been-delayed-even-further/}}</ref> == Nnakwere == AFL 23 natara agwakọtara na nyocha na-adịghị mma na ntọhapụ yana ahụhụ na-emebi egwuregwu na mkpọka butere ya na mbụ.[1][2][3] Egwuregwu ahụ nwere ọkwa 'agwakọta' ugbu a na Steam, ebe naanị 44% nke ndị egwuregwu na-ahapụ nkwenye dị mma dịka nke August 2023.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=AFL 23 on Steam|url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/2337630/AFL_23/|accessdate=2023-06-26|work=store.steampowered.com|language=en|archivedate=26 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626003718/https://store.steampowered.com/app/2337630/AFL_23/}}</ref> == Ebem si dee == bo9nhdj5a434cqfcuxalk5g911h9xzv Adele Tonnini 0 53382 696878 687433 2026-08-05T08:55:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Adele Tonnini|office=[[Captains Regent|Captain Regent of San Marino]]|term_start=1 April 2023|term_end=1 October 2023|alongside=[[Alessandro Scarano]]|predecessor=[[Manuel Ciavatta]]<br>[[Maria Luisa Berti]]|successor=[[Filippo Tamagnini]]<br>[[Gaetano Troina]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1977|6|24|df=y}}|birth_place=[[City of San Marino]], San Marino|death_date=|death_place=|party=[[RETE Movement]]|alma_mater=[[University of Urbino]]|image=Adele Tonnini.jpg|caption=}} Adele Tonnini (amụrụ 24 June 1977) [1] bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Sammarine nke jere ozi n'akụkụ Alessandro Scarano dị ka Captains Regent nke San Marino site na Eprel 2023 ruo Ọktoba 2023. Ọ bụ onye otu RETE Movement. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Tonnini na Obodo San Marino [1] wee gụchaa State Art Institute of Urbino na ọkachamara na nchịkọta akwụkwọ na mweghachi akwụkwọ ochie. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara n'ihu na-agụ akwụkwọ na nchekwa ihe nketa omenala na Mahadum Urbino. Site na 2001 ruo 2014 ọ rụrụ ọrụ na isiokwu a, dị ka onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ nka. <ref name="sanmarinortv" />{{Cite web|date=17 March 2023|title=Eletti i nuovi Capitani Reggenti: i profili di Alessandro Scarano e Adele Tonnini|url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/politica-c2/eletti-i-nuovi-capitani-reggenti-i-profili-di-alessandro-scarano-e-adele-tonnini-a238025|accessdate=2023-03-18|work=San Marino Rtv|language=it|archivedate=2023-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401183822/https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/politica-c2/eletti-i-nuovi-capitani-reggenti-i-profili-di-alessandro-scarano-e-adele-tonnini-a238025}}</ref> Ọ malitere ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na RETE Movement emebere ọhụrụ na 2012 ma na-eje ozi na Grand and General Council na ụlọ omebe iwu XXX ya kemgbe 2019.[1] Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya San Marino na World Food Programme na onye so na Commission Justice na-adịgide adịgide ma nwee mmasị na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ hụrụ ụmụ anụmanụ n'anya na ihe omume ntụrụndụ ya gụnyere eserese, njem na injin.<ref name="sanmarinortv" /> Na 17 Machị 2023, Grand and General Council họpụtara ya na Alessandro Scarano dị ka Captain Regent nke San Marino ka ha rụọ ọrụ site na 1 Eprel 2023 ruo 1 Ọktoba 2023. <ref name="sanmarinortv">{{Cite web|date=17 March 2023|title=Eletti i nuovi Capitani Reggenti: i profili di Alessandro Scarano e Adele Tonnini|url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/politica-c2/eletti-i-nuovi-capitani-reggenti-i-profili-di-alessandro-scarano-e-adele-tonnini-a238025|accessdate=2023-03-18|work=San Marino Rtv|language=it|archivedate=2023-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401183822/https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/politica-c2/eletti-i-nuovi-capitani-reggenti-i-profili-di-alessandro-scarano-e-adele-tonnini-a238025}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230401183822/https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/politica-c2/eletti-i-nuovi-capitani-reggenti-i-profili-di-alessandro-scarano-e-adele-tonnini-a238025 "Eletti i nuovi Capitani Reggenti: i profili di Alessandro Scarano e Adele Tonnini"]. ''San Marino Rtv'' (in Italian). 17 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)]]</ref> == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7tqjhd5s6l08huf7v7r234u3zrszwcc Agnes nke Antiọk 0 53531 696881 541288 2026-08-05T10:15:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696881 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chatillon Anna arcrekonstrukció.jpg|thumb|Agnes nke Antiọk]] '''Agnes nke Antiọk''' (ihe dị ka 1154 – c. 1184), makwaara dị ka Anna nke Antiọk na Anne de Châtillon, bụ Queen nke Hungary site na 1172 ruo 1184 dị ka nwunye mbụ nke Béla III.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fülep|first=Ferenc|date=March 1969|title=The Hungarian National Museum, Budapest: "The History of Hungary from the Hungarian Conquest up to 1849"|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1969.tb01724.x|journal=Museum International|language=en|volume=22|issue=1|pages=25–38|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.1969.tb01724.x|issn=1350-0775}}</ref> Nchọpụta nke ili ya na mberede na mberede n'oge mgbanwe mgbanwe Hungary nke 1848 nyere ohere maka ngosi ịhụ mba n'anya. Ọ bụ naanị eze nwanyị Hungaria nke narị afọ nke 12 nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nyochara ozu ya, e wughachikwara ọdịdị ya. == Ndụ == Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke Raynald nke Châtillon na Constance, Princess nke Antioch . <ref>Bernard Hamilton, ''The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem'', (Cambridge University Press, 2000), 104-105.</ref><ref>Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer, ''Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide'', (ABC-CLIO, 1999), 104.</ref> A maghị kpọmkwem ụbọchị a mụrụ ya. A na-eche na a mụrụ ya n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe alụmdi na nwunye nzuzo nke nne na nna ya gasịrị, nke mere tupu Mee 1153. Nkwenye a ma ama n'akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ na a mụrụ Agnes na 1154. <ref>M. Wertner: ''Az Árpádok családi története'', Nagy-Becskerek 1892, p. 359; ''History of Hungary'', ed. </ref> Mgbe a na-eme ya baptizim, ọ ga-abụ na ọ natara aha Agnes.<ref>Chronicler Alberic of Trois-Fontaines named Agnes one of the three daughters born from Constance and Raynald who was also the wife of the King of Hungary Béla (''Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium'' [in:] Monumenta Germaniae Historica, XXIII, Hannover 1874, pp. 849–850). </ref> === Ndụ mbụ na alụmdi na nwunye === Ndị Alakụba jidere nna ya na Nọvemba 1160 ma kpọchie ya na Aleppo ruo afọ iri na ise sochirinụ. Nne Agnes bụ Princess Constance nwụrụ n'ihe dị ka 1163/67, na n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 1170 Agnes gara Constantinople, ebe nwanne ya nwanyị nke okenye, Maria nke Antiọk, bi dị ka nwunye nke Eze Ukwu Byzantium Manuel I Comnenus.<ref>[[S. Runciman]]: ''A History of the Crusades'', t. II, Harmandsworth 1978, p. 365.</ref> Na arịrịọ nke eze ukwu ahụ, Agnes lụrụ Caesar Alexios (onye amụrụ nwa eze Béla nke Hungary) , onye kwere nwa nwanyị eze ukwu ahụ nkwa ọlụlụ, Maria Comnena, ruo mgbe a mụrụ nwa Manuel, Alexios, na 1166.<ref>Christopher Mielke, ''The Archaeology and Material Culture of Queenship in Medieval Hungary, 1000–1395'', (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021), 92.</ref> A maghị ụbọchị agbamakwụkwọ Agnes na Alexios; ekwere na ọ nwere ike ime n'ihe dị ka 1168 ma ọ bụghị mgbe 1172 gasịrị. <ref>W. Dworzaczek: ''Genealogia'', Warsaw 1959, table 84.</ref><ref>V. ö. </ref> N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, e nwere ụbọchị abụọ a kapịrị ọnụ maka agbamakwụkwọ ahụ: Septemba 1169 na Machị 1171. <ref>P. Gautier: ''Les lettres de Grégoire, higoumène d'Oxia'', "Revue des études byzantines", 31–32, 1973, p. 206: ''After the birth of the heir to Byzantine throne, the Emperor broke off the engagement between his daughter Maria and Caesar Alexios (later Bela III) and as a compensation he was married with the sister of Empress Maria of Antioch.''</ref><ref>L. Garland, A. Stone: [https://web.archive.org/web/20060407082711/http://www.roman-emperors.org/maryp.htm ''Maria Porphyrogenita, daughter of Manuel I Comnenus''] [in:] ''De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families'' 2006 [retrieved 30 March 2015]: Agnes was visiting Constantinople with her brother [[Bohemond III of Antioch]] when she was engaged.</ref> Ọ natara aha Anna n'ụlọ eze ukwu. N'akwụkwọ ndị Hungary, ọ na-apụta mgbe niile na aha ọhụrụ ya, ma eleghị anya n'ihi na Agnes bụ aha a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'oge ahụ.<ref>M. Wertner: ''Az Árpádok családi története'', Nagybecskerek 1892, p. 358.</ref> === Eze Nwanyị nke Hungary === Di na nwunye ọhụrụ ahụ gara njem ala nsọ na Jerusalem ebe ha nyere onyinye maka Knights Hospitaller. N'oge ọkọchị, mgbe Eze Stephen nke Atọ nke Hungary nwụsịrị (4 Machị 1172), di ya rịgooro n'ocheeze dị ka Eze Béla nke Atọ, ha wee kwaga Hungary. E chiri Anna eze nwanyị n'akụkụ di ya na Cathedral Basilica nke Saint Stephen na Székesfehérvár na 13 Jenụwarị 1173. A na-ekwu na mgbasa nke ọdịbendị French na Alaeze nke Hungary sitere na Anna / Agnes.<ref>G. Lukács: ''La Hongrie et la civilisation,'' Paris 1929, p. 361; A. Echols, M. Williams: ''An annotated index of medieval women'', New York-Oxford 1992, p. 53; G. Moravcsik: ''Byzantium and the Magyars'', Budapest–Amsterdam 1970, p. 129; G. Klaniczay: ''The chaste prince and the athleta patriae'' [in:] G. Klaniczay: ''Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses. ''</ref> Ọrụ eze nwanyị ahụ jikọtara ya na ọnụnọ na Hungary nke ndị mọnk Cistercian mbụ, ndị si Burgundy. Anna nwere ike ịnọgide na-akpọtụrụ ndị Cistercian nke Burgundian site na njikọ nna nna. Ebe obibi ndị mọnk Cistercian mbụ dị na Hungary, nke e guzobere na 1182, nwere njikọ chiri anya na ebe obibi ndị mönk Cistercan atọ dị nso na Pontigny na ala ndị gbara ya gburugburu bụ nke ezinụlọ Donzy, nke Anna si na ya pụta.<ref>M. M. de Cevins: ''Les implantations cisterciennes en Hongrie médiévale'' [in:] Unanimité et diversité cisterciennes, ed. </ref> === Ihe si na ya pụta === N'oge alụmdi na nwunye ya, Anna mụrụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụmụ isii <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230422041151/http://mek.niif.hu/04000/04092/html/ Ildikó Hankó: ''Királyaink tömegsírban'', 2004], attributed a seventh child to Anna, an unnamed daughter.</ref>: * Eze Emeric nke Hungary (1174 - 30 Septemba/Nọvemba 1204). * Margaret (1175 - mgbe 1223 gasịrị), nwunye mbụ nke Emperor Isaac II Angelos, nke abụọ nke Eze Boniface nke Tesalonaịka na nke atọ nke Nicholas nke Saint-Omer. * Eze Andrew nke Abụọ nke Hungary (ihe dị ka 1177 - 21 Septemba 1235). * Solomon (nwụrụ n'oge ọ dị obere). * Stephen (nwụrụ na nwata). * Constance (ihe dị ka 1180 - 6 Disemba 1240), nwunye eze Ottokar nke Bohemia. <ref>W. Dworzaczek, Genealogia, Warsaw 1959, table 84.</ref> [19] Anna bụ nna nna nke ndị eze niile sochirinụ nke Hungary, yana ụmụ eze Hungary, na site n'alụmdi na nwunye nke ụmụ eze Piast St. Kinga na Bl. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Jolenta nke Poland. Na mgbakwunye, site na ya sitere na ndị eze Bohemia sitere na ezinụlọ Přemyslid, Luxembourg, Jagiellon na Habsburg.<ref>D. Piwowarczyk: ''Słynni rycerze Europy. ''</ref> === Ọnwụ === E dekọghị ụbọchị ọnwụ Anna n'ihe ndekọ ọ bụla nke oge ahụ, mana a na-eche na ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1184, <ref>W. Dworzaczek: ''Genealogia'', Warszawa 1959, table 84; A. Echols, M. Williams: ''An annotated index of medieval women'', New York-Oxford 1992, p. 53.</ref> ọ bụ ezie na ọ ga-ekwe omume na ọ nwụrụ obere oge tupu nke ahụ. <ref>M. Wertner: ''Az Árpádok családi története'', Nagy-Becskerek 1892, p. 356; [https://web.archive.org/web/20230422041151/http://mek.niif.hu/04000/04092/html/ Ildikó Hankó: ''Királyaink tömegsírban'', 2004 - year 1183].</ref> == Mmetụta == Ịsa ahụ na ebe ịsa ahụ ọha na eze dị mkpa na Komnenos-oge Constantinople nke ya na di ya abụọ tolitere. Anna webatara usoro ịsa ahụ n'ihu ọha na Hungary, ebe a zụlitekwara na Antiọk, mgbe ọ dịkarịa ala ụlọ ịsa ahụ anọ na-arụ ọrụ n'obodo ahụ. 1] Ebe ịsa ahụ mbụ a ma ama na Hungary mgbe ochie bụ ntọala nke ya tọrọ. == E liri ya == E liri Anna na Katidral Basilica nke Saint Stephen na Székesfehérvár. Ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie ji obi ike mata ozu ya n’oge e gwupụtara ihe na narị afọ nke 19 na katidral Székesfehérvár e bibiri ebibi. E mesịa, eweghachiri ozu ya n'ụlọ ụka Mathias dị na Budapest, ya na ndị di ya. == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1pcbnmf6wh1mpxukhsclcn66xn4ausz Vera Chirwa 0 54677 696852 541279 2026-08-04T21:08:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696852 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Vera Mlangazua Chirwa''' (amuru 26 Mee 1932) bu onye okaiwu amuru Malawi na onye na-akwado ikike mmadu na obodo. Ọ bụ onye ọkaiwu nwanyị mbụ Malawi na onye guzobere otu Malawi Congress Party na Nyasaland African Women's League. Ọ lụrụ ọgụ maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ọtụtụ ndị na Malawi ma bo ya ebubo ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru, Onye isi ala Kamuzu Banda mara ya ikpe ọnwụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://humanrights.dk/news/archive/news+2008/launch+of+vera+chirwa+biography?viapreview=true&viaauth=10929143_d462aa07649d4f9db4dac9097c816ecf|title=Danish Institute for Human Rights - Launch of Vera Chirwa Biography|publisher=Humanrights.dk|accessdate=2011-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602192031/http://humanrights.dk/news/archive/news+2008/launch+of+vera+chirwa+biography?viapreview=true&viaauth=10929143_d462aa07649d4f9db4dac9097c816ecf|archivedate=June 2, 2010}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ afọ 12 n'ụlọ ikpe ọnwụ. <ref name="fiacat1">{{Cite web|author=Estelle Drouvin|url=http://www.fiacat.org/en/spip.php?article252|title=[FIACAT&#93; Malawi, Vera Chirwa Capital woman|publisher=Fiacat.org|date=1993-01-24|accessdate=2011-02-11|archivedate=2016-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185844/http://www.fiacat.org/en/spip.php?article252}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ onye ọka iwu [[Orton Chirwa]], Minista na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na Attorney General nke Malawi, onye mechara nwụọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. <ref name="fiacat1" /> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Vera Chirwa na Malawi (mgbe ahụ Nyasaland) na 26 Mee 1932. == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Na mbido 1950s, Vera Chirwa sonyeere Rose Chibambo guzobe otu Nyasaland African Women's League, nke ya na Nyasaland African Congress rụkọrọ ọrụ iji nweta nkewa nke Nyasaland na Federation Rhodesia na Nyasaland na-adịghị amasị ya. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XlEGYEEuLMoC&pg=PA206|title=Changing relations between churches in Europe and Africa: the internationalization of Christianity and politics in the 20th century|first=Katharina|author=Kunter|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2008|isbn=978-3-447-05451-5}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye ọkaiwu nwanyị mbụ Nyasaland, ma bụrụkwa onye guzobere otu Malawi Congress Party na 1959. <ref name="macmillan1">{{Cite web|url=http://us.macmillan.com/author/verachirwa|title=Vera Chirwa &#124; Authors &#124; Macmillan|publisher=Us.macmillan.com|date=2009-12-04|accessdate=2011-02-11}}</ref> Mgbe Nyasaland nwetara ọchịchị onwe ya na 1961 wee bụrụ obodo nwere onwe ya nke [[Malawi]] afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, [[Orton Chirwa]], di Vera, ghọrọ onye isi na gọọmentị ọhụrụ ahụ dịka Minista nke Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Attorney General. <ref name="macmillan1" /> Mgbe ya na Kamuzu Banda nwesịrị esemokwu, Chirwa na di ya kpọpụtara ndị iro nke steeti ahụ. <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|author=Aubrey Sumbuleta|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4440216.stm|title=Africa &#124; Malawi campaigner still fighting|publisher=BBC News|date=2005-11-16|accessdate=2011-02-11}}</ref> === Nchụpụ na ijide === Banda manyere di na nwunye a ije biri na [[Tanzania]] ka izu ole na ole gachara. Ha bi na Tanzania, mana ha gara [[Zambia]], Great Britain na United States of America. <ref name="newsfromafrica1">{{Cite web|author=Charles Banda|url=http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_3743.html|title=Is Africa ready for a female President?|publisher=Newsfromafrica.org|date=2010-12-06|accessdate=2011-02-11|archivedate=2011-07-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718110107/http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_3743.html}}</ref> N'uhuruchi ekeresimesi 1981, ndị ọrụ nchekwa Malawi tọọrọ Vera na [[Orton Chirwa]] n'ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Zambia wee kpọghachi ya na Malawi ka ha bo ya ebubo nke ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru. <ref name="fiacat1"/> === Nnwale === Ụlọikpe “omenala” gbara ndị Chirwa ikpe . Ndị ọka iwu abụọ ahụ, duziri agbachitere onwe ha, n'ihi na ụlọikpe ọdịnala ekweghị ndị ọka iwu na-agbachitere ikpe na-adị ọnwa abụọ n'ihu ndị ọka ikpe nke Dr. Banda họpụtara. Ihe omume a gosipụtara erughị eru na sistemụ. Ná ngwụsị nke mkpesa ha na 1983, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị ọkàikpe mkpegharị ikpe nwere ọzụzụ gbasara iwu megidere ikpe ikpe ahụ, mana ọtụtụ ndị isi ọdịnala kagburu ya. N'ụbọchị ikpe ahụ Vera weliri aka ya ka o kwuo okwu wee legide onye ọka iwu anya n'anya jụrụ ya ihe kpatara eboro ha. A machibidoro ịjụ ajụjụ n'ụlọikpe na nzaghachi ọ nwetara bụ, "Ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị gị bụ onye ọjọọ!". <ref name="fiacat1"/> N'ikpe ha, ndị Chirwas kwuru na a tọọrọ ha na Zambia na Disemba 1981. Nke a na ebubo ha gbara izu ịkwatu ọchịchị na mpụga Malawi kwesịrị ịpụta na ụlọikpe ọdịnala enweghị ikike. A ka nwere ike ikpe ikpe ahụ n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Malawi, ma ụlọikpe ahụ chọrọ ka e gosi na ha nwere ikpe ọmụma n'enweghị obi abụọ ọ bụla. Ikpe ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru nke Ụlọikpe Omenala Ndịda mpaghara nụchara megide Chirwas na 1983 gbadoro ụkwụ na akwụkwọ ejiri aka dee nke kwuru na achọtara ya n'akpa Vera mgbe e jidere ya, na “ọkachamara” onye uwe ojii gbara akaebe na ha nọ n'ezie na Orton. Aka ọdịde Chirwa. Okwu na-edeghị aha kwuru na ọ bụ Orton Chirwa kwuru, mana ọ jụrụ ya, na akwụkwọ ekwuru na ọ gbara ajụjụ ọnụ nke teepu ọ gbara, ekwetakwara dị ka ihe akaebe. Ihe akaebe a, dịka ọ dị, bụ ihe akaebe megide Orton Chirwa, ọ bụghị Vera. Naanị ihe e boro ya bụ na e kwuru na a chọtara akwụkwọ ndị ahụ n’akpa ya, nke ọ gọrọ agọ. E kweghị ndị Chirwa ịkpọ ndị akaebe sitere na mpụga Malawi ma mara ha abụọ ikpe ọnwụ. Mgbe ikpe ahụ gasịrị, a kpọgara di na nwunye ahụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ etiti dị na Zomba. Dị ka Chirwa si kwuo, "N'ụzọ anyị gbaghaara ndị nyere akaebe ụgha, ndị ikpe na ọbụna President." Ọ bụ oge ikpeazụ ya na di ya mere njem ọnụ. <ref name="fiacat1"/> Na mkpegharị nke Chirwas na National Traditional Court of Appeal, ọjụjụ nke ụlọikpe dị ala ikwe ka ndị akaebe agbachitere, nnabata ya na nkwupụta Orton Chirwa na-edeghị aha na nnabata onye uwe ojii dị ka onye akaebe ọkachamara ka a katọrọ ya niile, na ndị nta n'ime ndị ahụ. ndị ikpe anabataghị na o kere akwụkwọ ejiri aka edeghị akwụkwọ bụ ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru. Otú ọ dị, ụlọikpe mkpegharị ahụ bịara na nkwubi okwu na-eju anya na, ọ bụrụgodị na ụlọikpe omenala enweghị ikike n'iwu, ha nwere ikike omenala nke ikpe Chirwas, na (n'agbanyeghị adịghị ike dị na ụlọikpe nta na-ahụ maka ikpe ahụ), mkpebi ha. ziri ezi ma kwesiri iguzo. A kagburu ikpe ọnwụ ahụ, ma Orton Chirwa mechara nwụọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. === Mkpọrọ na ntọhapụ === Ọnọdụ dị na ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị siri ike. <ref name="fiacat1"/> A tara Chirwa ahụhụ na ụdị obi ọjọọ ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-arahụ n'ala simenti, jụ iri nri ọjọọ ahụ, a jụkwara ya ndị ọbịa, akwụkwọ ozi di ya na ikike ịpụ apụ. <ref name="fiacat1" /> Ọ nọgidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'ikpe ọnwụ ruo afọ 12 ma o nwere olileanya na a ga-ahapụ ya. <ref name="fiacat1" /> O kwuru na okwukwe ya nke Ndị Kraịst mere ka o nwee olileanya na okwukwe. <ref name="fiacat1" /> N'afọ 1990, Amnesty International malitere ime ihe ngwa ngwa ịhapụ Orton na Vera Chirwa. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1992, mgbe e kwere ka ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị ọkachamara n'iwu Britain gaa leta ha, ndị Chirwas kwere ka ha hụ ibe ha ọzọ na nke mbụ n'ime afọ 8. <ref name="fiacat1"/> Orton nwụrụ n'ụlọ nga ya ka izu atọ gachara mgbe ọ dị afọ 73. Chirwa enweghị ike ịga olili ozu ahụ. <ref name="fiacat1" /> Banda gbaghaara ya maka "ihe gbasara ọdịmma mmadụ", a tọhapụrụ ya na Jenụwarị 24, 1993 mgbe mba ahụ na-atụgharị gaa na steeti ọtụtụ pati na-esote njedebe nke ọchịchị Banda. <ref name="fiacat1"/> == Ọrụ dị ugbu a == === Mgbasa oke ruru mmadu === N'afọ 2000, e mere ya onye nta akụkọ pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ ụlọ mkpọrọ dị n'Africa maka African Commission on Human and People's' Rights . Ọ tọrọ ntọala NGO Malawi Center for Advice, Research and Education on Rights (Malawi CARER) na onye isi otu a. <ref name="fiacat1"/> Ọ gbara mkpọsa ka a kwụsị ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ. <ref name="fiacat1" /> Ọ gara n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike mmadụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'okpuru ọchịchị Bakili Muluzi na ọchịchị Bingu wa Mutharika . <ref name="autogenerated1"/> Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ maka Voice Women, otu na-ahụ maka ikike nwoke na nwanyị. <ref name="newsfromafrica1"/> === Mgbasa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị === Chirwa na-aga n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma gbalịa iguzo dị ka onye nọọrọ onwe ya maka onye isi ala, ọrụ siri ike na obodo nwere usoro pati maka onye na-abụghị onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị guzobere. <ref name="newsfromafrica1"/> == Vera Chirwa ihe nrite oke mmadu == Ihe nrite Vera Chirwa Human Rights bụ nke Center for Human Rights na Mahadum Pretoria dị na South Africa na-enye onye “bụ onye kacha akọwapụta ezigbo ọkaiwu ruuru mmadụ nke Afrịka” ma “nyela onyinye pụtara ìhè na nchekwa na nkwalite mmadụ. ikike na Africa." <ref name="nyasatimes.com">{{Cite web|url=http://nehandaradio.com/2009/12/09/gabriel-shumba-wins-rights-award/1345744930000/|title=Gabriel Shumba wins rights award|date=9 December 2012|publisher=Nehanda Radio|accessdate=27 December 2012|archivedate=1 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201141404/http://nehandaradio.com/2009/12/09/gabriel-shumba-wins-rights-award/1345744930000/}}</ref> Ndị nnata bụ ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mmemme Master of Laws na Human Rights na Democratization na Mahadum Pretoria. <ref name="nyasatimes.com" /> N'afọ 2006 mgbe Chtrwa center nwetara ihe nrite UNESCO, Vera Chirwa nwetara ihe nrite ikike mmadụ. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] sx08e143qe8fg41ccq5wucf111ljflk Teresa Rebull 0 56465 696840 496372 2026-08-04T17:36:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Teresa Rebull, nke a njikọ Teresa Soler na Pi (1919-2015), bụ onye na-eme ihe ike na Catalonia, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na onye na-ese ihe.  Nwa ori nke ndị anarcho-syndicalists Gonçal Soler i Bernabeu na Balbina Pi na Sanllehy, ọ sonyeere POUM ma ọrụ dị ka mkpuchi n'oge Agha Obodo [[Spain]].  Ihe na ihe omume May Days ma nye ya maka nke ahụ.  O mechara gbapụ na Spain, ebe ọ nwere ike nri ihe ize ndụ site na Ndị Stalinist na Ndị Franco, maka [[France]].  Na France, ọ ga-ndịnọre ndị Maquis mgbe agha Ndị Nazi nchebe.  Mgbe agha ahụ asị, ọ ozizi onye na-agụ akwụkwọ ma nwee njikọ na Nova Cançó. == Akụkọ ndụ == === Oge ọ bụ nwata === A njikọ Teresa Rebull na Carrer de Cellers, na mpaghara Gràcia nke Sabadell na 21 September 1919, ọ bụ ebe na Civil Registry kwuru n'ụzọ na--ekiri ezi na ngwa ya na 24 September.[1]  Mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ, ahụ gara biri na Sant Boi de Llobregat, ebe a njikọ nwanne ya, Llibertat, na 1922. [2] Na 1924 ha biri na Alcoy, ebe a nwanne nwanne ya nke abụọ, Assutzena, .  [3] Ha gara biri na Barcelona, ​​​​na La Bordeta na Sant Boi ọzọ, tupu ha ebelata Barcelona.  Ha biri na Carrer de la Diputació, ebe ahụ ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ nke oge na-agafe.[4]  Saịtị na 1930 ruo 1936, ahụ ahụ la iche Sabadell, ebe ha biri n'iche dị iche iche.[5]  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Maazị Estruch, na Carrer del Sol, na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke di na-enye Carme Simó na Enric Casassas.[6]  N'afọ 1931, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Teresa ịrịba ọrụ n'ike ọrụ akwa, ya mere ọ ikọ ibù ihe n'uhuruchi, nke mbụ na Federal Republican Circle wee gaa na Center for Dependents.  [7][8] === Oge Republican === Nne ya bụ enyi nke Onye isi ala Catalonia Lluis Companys na 1936 Teresa ọrụ dị ka ike na Ngalaba ọrụ nke Generalitat de Catalunya.  [9].  Na 19 Julaị 1936, ọ gara biri na Sabadell na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ike, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ la ọkụ Barcelona ma gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na Ministry of Labour.[12]  N'ihi May Days nke 1937, a manyere ndị njiko ya - ndị biri na Barcelona n'oge na-adịbeghị anya - ụlọ n'ihi ụgbọ agha ndị na ndị Kọmunist.[13]  N'ihi ihe omume ahụ, ọ na-eme ụbọchị 8 n'ahụ watch Via Laietana, mana a tọhapụrụ ya n'ihi ebe aka nke onye Kọmunist Rafael Vidiella.[14][15]  Nne na nna ya na mgba ya zoro na Palafolls.[16]  Esemokwu ahụ esemokwu na njedebe nke POUM ma metụ ya aka nke ukwuu: E gburugburu onye ndú POUM bụ Andreu Nin ma Teresa kiriri enyi ya Manolo Maurin ka ọ na-anwụ n'àkwà n' Ọgwụgwụ Sant Pau na Barcelona. [17][18] === Ọrụ Franco na ndọrọ n'agha === Ozugbo a gbasara POUM ma mgbe ọ hụchara ka ndị enyi ya nwụrụ, n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1939, ọ gbagara Vic - ebe ọ zutere onye mmekọ ya, Pep Rebull .  Mgbe ahụ, ọ kpọrọ Pyrenees gaa Northern Catalonia, tupu ọ gawa site na Perpignan gaa Paris, ebe ya na Pep Rebull biri na Bezons.[19]  N'afọ 1940, ọ la 1941 Barcelona n'oge na-adịghị anya, ebe ọ na-abụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agba arọ na ụlọ ọrụ flamenco nakwa ebe ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'laha akara dị na Mercat de Gràcia .  Teresa la mgbanaka Barcelona iji kwado nna ya, onye nlekọta.[21]  Mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole n'anya, o ji eriri akpa aka ụfọdụ n'ihi.  Ọ si Figueres gaa Algiers wee biri na Marseilles, ebe o nwere ikike nchekwa na United States n'ihi Kọmitii America na-enyere ndị na-aghọ nkọ aka.[22]  Mana ọ dị ime ma tinye na Marseille, ebe ya na ndị ndú na-aghọ nkɔ na France dị ka André Breton na Jean Malaquais mere enyi.[23]  Na 10 madụ 1942, a nwa mbụ mbụ ya nwoke, Daniel, na Regussa, ebe ya na ndị Maquis zoro n'okpuru Pelenc na ebe ha biri ruo mgbe agha biri.  [18][23] Na 29 Julaị 1945, a ji nwa ha nwoke nke abụọ, Germinal, na Marseille, ebe ha biri ruo 1948.[24]  Eziniche ahụ biri na Paris, na 11th arrondissement.  N'ebe ahụ, Teresa mere enyi Jean Paul Sartre, Albert Camus na Georges Brassens, ruru Juliette Gréco, Boris Vian, Mario Vargas Llosa na Jorge Luis Borges.[18]  O so na ihe omume na Casal de Catalunya de Paris , ebe ọ bụrụ abụ abụ na Orpheon ma mee ihe nkiri na ịgba egwu.[25]  N'afọ 1950, ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka ike nke Republican nke Spain na mba ọzọ.[25]  Ọ Muhammadu ọtụtụ ọrụ dị iche iche iji nweta ndụ: onye na-eme akpụkpọ ụkwụ, onye na-agba egwu na ballet La Bella de Cádiz na onye na-agụ-agụ Luis Mariano osisi, onye na'ere eji, onye na - onye na-enweta abụ omenala Iberian, wdg.[18]  N'afọ 1952, nwanne ya nwoke Assutzena gara Paris ma ha abụọ otu egwu, Les Seurs Soler, bụ ndị na-abụ abụ sitere na dị iche iche nke ala ahụ ruo na awụ iri ma soro Brassens, Yves Montand, Leny Escudero, Patachou, na ndị ọrụ ọrụ.[26]  Site na 1961 ruo 1967, ọ na-ahụ ọrụ dị ka onye ụmụaka maka magazin Preuves na Cuadernos - nhọrọ na nsogbu na Latin America ma soro ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa na-aghọ nkɔ na France na South America.[27][18]  N'oge ahụ, ọ ahụ ihe nkiri mmụta ise ihe n'iche André Michael, ọrụ ọ na-ịchọ njikere ime ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.[28]  N'afọ 1967, ọ na-egosi ọrụ na Regne Renault, mana ọ ngosi ogologo oge n'ebe ahụ.[29]] === Abụ Ọhụrụ === N'afọ 1968, ọ zutere Raimon na Paris ma Rebull magazin ebe ọ na-abụ ọrụ ịgba ya onye ọnụ.[29]  Na oriri akwụkwọ nke Casal de Catalunya haziri, na Raimon, Maria Aurèlia Capmany na Guillermina Motta na-amụba, Teresa Rebull bụrụ abụ abụọ.[30]  Mana egwu egwu mbụ o nyere nke na- ike isi na Place de la Contrescarpe, na mpaghara Bohemian nke Moupetard na Paris, ebe ụfọdụ ndị na-eto gwara ya ka ọ ọrụ.[31]  Saịtị n'ebe ahụ, ọ hụrụ ịme ịhụnanya iji chebe na edit Katalan ruo n'afọ 1980.[32] Site na 1955, akara Rebull gara n'oge ọkọchị na Banyuls de la Marenda, iji mgba nso n'ókè.  N'afọ 1969, Art February mere na La Guingueta d'Ix, ebe ọ bụrụ abụ n'ụdị Lluís Llach, Francesc Pi de la Serra , Ovidi Montllor, Maria del Mar Bonet na Miquel Cors , n'etiti ndị ọzọ.  Ọ bụ mbụ mbụ ya na Nova Cançó ma, ebe ọ dị afọ 50 na ndị enyi ya dị obere, ọmụma aha nke Avia de la Nova Cançó (English: Grandmother of the New Song).  [33] [18] Ọ bụrụ na abụ nwa oge na Cova del Drac na Barcelona, ​​ebe ọ zutere Guillem d'Efak .[34] Na France, ọ na-ahụ na sekit nke Maison de la Jeunesse et la Culture ma ọrụ na ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngalaba niile nke hexagon.[35]  Ọ abụ ịbụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na 1980, na-eme naanị mgbe ụfọdụ.[36]  Otú ọ dị, na 6 Julaị 2006, Ọmnium Cultural haziri egwu ụtụ maka ya na Palau de la Música Catalana, ebe ọ na-eme ruo mgbe ahụ.[32]  E CD ikpe Visca l'amor saịtị na ịhụnanya ahụ.  Otu mgbọ ndị enyi ya sonyeere ya, egwu Lluís Llach, Maria del Mar Bonet, Joan Isaac , Blues de Picolat , Gisela Bellsolà , Josep Tero , Mariona Segarra ma ọ bụ Gerard Jacquet.[18] Site na 1969 ruo 1985, ọ na-ekere òkè kwa afọ na Mahadum Catalan Summer na Prada de Conflent . [37] Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) ma bụrụ onye otu ruo 2006.[17] E guzobere ya na Banyuls kemgbe 1971 - mgbe Pep Rebull lara ezumike nká - ọ nọrọ afọ ole na ole ikpeazụ ya na-ese ihe n'ụlọ ma na-aga ihe omume ebe a rịọrọ ya. Ọ nwụrụ na 15 Eprel 2015, mgbe ọ dị afọ 95. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naciodigital.cat/noticia/85734/mor/cantautora/teresa/rebull/95/anys|title=Mor la cantautora Teresa Rebull|first=Jordi|author=Palmer|date=15 April 2015|work=[[Nació Digital]]|accessdate=25 June 2023|language=ca}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Teresa Rebull etinyela uri egwu nke Joan Salvat-Papasseit (Master of Love, 1977), Josep Sebastià Pons (Camí de l'argilada, 1986) na Maria Mercè Marçal, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.  N'afọ 1999, o ndidi Tot cantante, ndị ndụ ya.  N'afọ 2000, o mmetụta abọm Tot cantitan na n'afọ 2006, Visca l'amor, nke were aha nke uri aha ya, nke Joan Salvat-Papasseit asị na abum ahụ. ; Akụkọ ndụ * Onye na-abụ abụ (1999) ; Nkọwapụta * ''Teresa Rebull'' (EP, Concèntric, 1969). * ''Teresa Rebull na-abụ abụ ya''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * ''Mester d'amor / Joan Salvat Papasseit'' (LP, Drums, 1977) * Nnụnụ... na ọzọ (LP, Picap, 1984). * ''Ụzọ ụrọ'' (1986) * ''Abụ ndị a ma ama na Catalonia'' (Terra nostra, 2002). * ''Teresa Rebull Abụ, 1969-1992'' (Nord-Sud Music, 2004) (Nọt-South Music, 2004) * ''Ọ bụ ịhụnanya. Ememe ncheta Teresa Rebull'' (Picap, 2006) * ''Ugo na ihe ndị ọzọ...'' (Picap, 2008). * ''Teresa Rebull na-abụ abụ ya'' (Picap, 2012). == Onyinye na nkwanye ùgwù == Teresa Rebull, n'ihu ihe osise ikpeazụ o sere. * 1977: Charles-Cros Award maka abọm ya Mester d'amor. * 1992: Cross nke Sant Jordi. * 2006: Òmnium Cultural haziri ụtụ iji sọpụrụ ya na 6 Julaị na Palau de la Música Catalana, ebe o nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na nke mbụ ya kemgbe ọ lara ezumike nká.[18] * 2007: Francesc Macià Memorial Award , maka ịgbachitere asụsụ na ọdịbendị Catalan. * Sabadell City Council nyere ya ihe nrite nke obodo ahụ.[32]<ref>{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924084341/http://www.radiosabadell.fm/Noticies/Joan-Carles-Sanchez-admet-un-sentiment-de-deure-amb-la-figura-de-Teresa-Rebull|archivedate=24 September 2015|url=http://www.radiosabadell.fm/Noticies/Joan-Carles-Sanchez-admet-un-sentiment-de-deure-amb-la-figura-de-Teresa-Rebull|title=Joan Carles Sánchez admet "un sentiment de deure" amb la figura de Teresa Rebull|first=Xavi|author=Miralles|date=15 April 2015|work=Ràdio Sabadell|language=ca|accessdate=25 June 2023}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} == Akwụkwọ ==   == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/44f5193a-1d9f-4597-83cc-45e647f30eb7 Egwú BBC] * [https://libcom.org/history/teresa-rebull-dead-age-30-%E2%80%93-pepe-guti%C3%A9rrez Libcom.org] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250124114329/https://albokari2.wordpress.com/2008/11/29/the-beginnings-of-the-spanish-songwriting-and-protest-song/ Albokari2] * [http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/ocio-y-cultura/teresa-rebull-memoria-canco-4104081 El Periódico de Catalunya] 67maooxk41177yd2wktz7akqj74q1ul Shoe tossing 0 56950 696828 672309 2026-08-04T13:43:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Enwere ike tutu ki suktu maka ihe omenala di iche iche. A na-eji ṄṄẁ  A na-egwu ọtụtụ egwuregwu gburugburu ụwa, ndị na-akwado ya ga-atụba akpụkpọ ụkwụ ma ọ bụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ọ bụrụgodị na ọ bụghị otu.. Enwere ike ịtụba akpụkpọ ụkwụ abụọ ma tinye ha na eriri, dị ka waya ekwentị, eriri eletrik, ma ọ bụ kee osisi iji mepụta "akpụkpọ ụkwụ Osisi". N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú a, enwere ike ịmara na ọ dị ka akpụkpọ ụkwụ. N'ọdịbendị ụfọdụ, e nwere omenala nke ịtụfu akpụkpọ ụkwụ ochie na di na nwunye na agbamakwụkwọ ha iji weta ihu ọma, ma ọ bụ ịtụfu akpụkọ n'ubu iji buo amụma maka alụmdi na nwunye n'ọdịnihu. N'ọtụtụ ọdịbendị ndị Arab, a na-ahụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ dị ka ihe na-adịghị ọcha, ọ bụkwa mkparị karịsịa ịtụ otu n'ime mmadụ. == Ịtụba na waya == [[Faịlụ:Nikes_thrown_over_a_Telephone_Wire.jpg|thumb|Akpụkpọ ụkwụ Nike a tụbara n'elu waya ekwentị na Charlottesville, Virginia]] [[Faịlụ:Shoe_tossing_in_Brooklyn,_2021.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke akpụkpọ ụkwụ na waya na Greenpoint, Brooklyn na 2021]] Na North America, na mba nke mba ebe a na-agbanye waya, saịtị ahụ dị na mpaghara.  Ọtụtụ mgbe, akpụkpọ ụkwụ bụ ndị sneakers.<ref name="wbez">{{Cite web|date=2015-08-05|title=Shoes on a Wire: Untangling an Urban Myth|url=https://www.wbez.org/stories/shoes-on-a-wire-untangling-an-urban-myth/f46d882f-dd38-452b-98dc-be406135429a|accessdate=2023-09-13|language=en}}</ref> Enwere ọtụtụ ọdịiche omenala na ọdịiche dị na mpaghara mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke afọ.  N’obodo ụfọdụ, a na-eyi akpụkpọ ụkwụ dị ka akụkụ nke ndụ nwanyị, dị ka ka ọ ghara ịga akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ alụmdi na nwunye na-abịanụ.. Ụfọdụ echiche na-egosi na ọdịnala ahụ malitere site na ndị agha, bụ ndị a na-ekwu na ha na-atụfu akpụkpọ ụkwụ ndị agha, oroma ma ọ bụ agba ndị ọzọ na-apụta ìhè, na waya ndị a na-ahụ anya n'akụkụ emume nke na-apụ mgbe ọ gụchara ọzụzụ ma ọ bụ mgbe ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ahụ.  N'ihe nkiri 1997 Wag the Dog, ịwụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ bụ ụtụ na-ekwu na ọ bụ ụtụ na-hevelu isi nye Sgt.  William Schumann, nke Woody Harrelson na-egwu, onye a gbagburu na Albania.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Thanouli|first=Eleftheria|title=Wag the Dog: A Study on Film and Reality in the Digital Age|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4411-8936-3|location=New York|pages=96–97}}</ref> Ịtụfu akpụkpọ ụkwụ nwere ike ịbụ ụdị mmegbu, ebe onye mmegbu na-ezu ohi akpụkpọ ụkwụ abụọ ma tụba ha ebe o yighị ka a ga-enweta ha.<ref name="wbez" /> A kọwakwara ịtụfu akpụkpọ ụkwụ dị ka ihe ọchị a na-eme na ndị aṅụrụma na-eteta iji hụ na akpụkpọ ụkwụ ha efuola. === Ozi ndị òtù === A na-ekwukarị na akpụkpọ ụkwụ dị na waya ekwentị nwere njikọ na mpụ a haziri ahazi, na-egosi ebe ndị otu ahụ dị, na-echeta ọnwụ nke onye otu ma ọ bụ onye na-abụghị onye otu ndị otu ahụ bi n'ógbè ahụ. A na-ekwukwa na akpụkpọ ụkwụ ahụ bụ akara maka ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ ma ọ bụ iji gosipụta ụlọ crack dị nso, n'ọnọdụ ahụ, a pụrụ ịkpọ ha "crack tennies".<ref>{{Cite web|author=DeWitt|first=David|date=2013-03-10|title=Who takes them down?|url=https://www.athensnews.com/news/local/who-takes-them-down/article_591bf831-2f86-5b04-bbfd-a6388562cfb8.html|accessdate=2024-03-23|work=The Athens NEWS|language=en|archivedate=2024-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323103942/https://www.athensnews.com/news/local/who-takes-them-down/article_591bf831-2f86-5b04-bbfd-a6388562cfb8.html}}</ref> Otu akụkọ 2003 nke onye bụbu onye bi na Los Angeles, [[California]] James Hahn kwuru na ọtụtụ ndị kwere ekwe na LA.  "Akpụkpọ ụkwụ e gosipụtara na ọ bụ ọgwụ ọjọọ ma ọ bụ dị ize ndụ, ndị mmadụ," na ndị isi obodo nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ amalitela mmemme iji wepụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ ahụ..<ref name="sd">{{Cite web|author=Adams|first=Cecil|date=August 2, 1996|title=The Straight Dope: Why do you see pairs of shoes hanging by the laces from power lines?|url=http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a5_274.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000815203112/http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a5_274.html|archivedate=2000-08-15|accessdate=2023-07-03|work=The Straight Dope|publisher=[[Chicago Reader]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lacity.org/mayor/teamworkla/newsletters/teamworkla_intrnewsletters72311897_06102003.pdf|title=East Los Angeles NSC Combats Problem of Overhead Shoes on Wires|accessdate=2007-06-15|author=TeamWork LA|year=c. 2003|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031007130106/http://www.lacity.org/mayor/teamworkla/newsletters/teamworkla_intrnewsletters72311897_06102003.pdf|archivedate=2003-10-07}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, o siri ike ikpebi ma ndị òtù ndị omempụ tinyere akpụkpọ ụkwụ maka ebumnuche metụtara òtù ndị omepụ, ndị uwe ojii nọ n'ọtụtụ ikike kwenyere na ọ bụ akụkọ ifo.<ref name="wbez" /> N'ụzọ doro anya karị, nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2015 banyere data na-atụfu akpụkpọ ụkwụ na Chicago enweghị ike ịmepụta njikọ dị n'etiti ịzụ ahịa ọgwụ na akpụkpọ ụkwụ.<ref name="wbez" /> == Omenala agbamakwụkwọ == [[Faịlụ:1905-02-11_front_Final_Scene_Shy_Lady_(cropped).jpg|thumb|1905 Postcard Britain na-egosi akpụkpọ ụkwụ a na-atụba nwoke na-alụ ọhụrụ]] Ịtụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ bụ nkwenkwe agbamakwụkwọ n'ọtụtụ omenala.[1][2]  Na Victorian England, ndị mmadụ ga-atụba "nwoke na-alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ nwere akpụkpọ ụkwụ ochie mgbe ha na-amalite na ezumike ezumike ha.".: <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-25|title=Love, marriage … and a barrage of shoes|url=http://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/aug/25/love-marriage-shoes-throw-bride-groom|accessdate=2021-03-07|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title="Throwing the Wedding-Shoe": Foundational Violence, Unhappy Couples, and Murderous Women|first=Marlene|author=Tromp|journal=Victorian Review|volume=39|issue=2|year=2013|pages=39–43|doi=10.1353/vcr.2013.0042}}</ref>   N’afọ 1887, otu akụkọ dị n’akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ́ The New York Times kwuru, sị: “Omenala ochie nke ịtụpụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ nwanyị n’azụ nwanyị ọhụrụ, ma ọ̀ bụ agbamakwụkwọ chọọchị ma ọ bụ ememe agbamakwụkwọ, dị nnọọ ka ihe ncheta na nwoke adịghị esi ná mmalite pụta.”,. "<ref>{{Cite news|title=THROWING THE WEDDING SHOE|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=11 February 1887|page=3}}</ref> Peter Ditchfield, onye edemede nke Old English Customs Extant at the Present Time (1896), kọwara: "Anyị na-atụfu akpụkpọ ụkwụ ochie anyị mgbe anyị lụrụ di na nwunye iji gosipụta ọchịchọ anyị maka ọdịmma. echere m na nke a abụghị ihe mbụ pụtara omenala. Ịtụfu akpụkpọ ụkwụ mgbe nwunye bụ ihe nnọchianya nke nlekọta nna ya bụ ihe ịrịba ama na nwanyị ahụ bụ onye mbụ na-enweta ikike ahụ. "  isi nwanyi ga-agba ya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Old English Customs Extant at the Present Time|first=P.H.|author=Ditchfield|authorlink=Peter Ditchfield|year=1896}}</ref> Na Czech Republic, e nwere omenala ịzụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ na Christmas Eve.  Ụmụ agbọghọ na-alụbeghị di na-etinye akpụkpọ ụkwụ ha n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ.  Ọ bụrụ na akpụkpọ ụkwụ ndị ahụ pụta n'ụlọ, ọ ga-alụ nwunye n'afọ ọzọ. == Mkpesa ==   N'ọtụtụ ọdịbendị Ndị Arab, a na-ewere igosi akpụkpọ ụkwụ gị dị ka mkparị, ebe a na-ele ya anya dị ka ihe na-adịghị ọcha maka mmetụ ya na ala. A pụrụ ile ịwakpo onye na-eji akpụkpọ ụkwụ anya dị ka "ịgbakwunye mkparị na mmerụ ahụ".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Asser|first=Martin|title=Bush shoe-ing worst Arab insult|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7783325.stm|accessdate=14 June 2023|date=15 December 2008}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Bush_shoeing_incident.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Onye isi ala US George W. Bush gbajiri akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya ma tụpụ ha mgbe e jidere Prime Minister nke Iraq Nouri al-Maliki.]] Na 2008, onye nta akụkọ Iraqi Muntadar al-Zaidi boro ebubo na ọ tụbara akpụkpọ ụkwụ abụọ na President nke United States, George W. Bush, mgbe Onye isi ala bịara Baghdad iji mee mkpesa megide mmeri ndị agha America na-esote.  Al-Zaidi kwuru n'asụsụ Arabic: "Ọ dị m nwute maka ndị inyom nwụrụ, ụmụ nke ndị e gburu na Iraq!"  [1] Onye isi ala Bush etinyeghị akpụkpọ ụkwụ. <ref name="Asser_Martin">{{Cite web|author=Asser|first=Martin|title=Bush shoe-ing worst Arab insult|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7783325.stm|accessdate=July 22, 2012|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=December 15, 2008}}</ref> Ọ bụghị naanị ndị Arab na-eyi akpụkpọ ụkwụ akpụkpọ anụ;  Ihe omume ndị ọzọ metụtakwara ndị ama ama gụnyere Steve McCarthy, David Beckham, Lily Allen, na Wen Jiabao..<ref name="metro_shoe">{{Cite news|title=Top 5 famous shoe throwing incidents|url=https://metro.co.uk/2009/04/08/top-5-famous-shoe-throwing-incidents-12557/|work=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]}}</ref> == Egwuregwu na egwuregwu == [[Faịlụ:Wellie_Wanging._One_handed_forward_throw_method.JPG|thumb|Onye na-asọmpi na mmemme egwuregwu wellie wanging]] Wellie wanging, ma ọ bụ ịrịọ maka onyinye, bụ egwuregwu achọrọ maka ndị chọrọ ịzụrụ onyinye na Wellington.[1][2]  Egwuregwu ahụ yiri ka ọ malitere na West Country nke England na 1970s, wee ghọọ ngwa ngwa na obodo Ememe na ihe omume na-anakọta ego n'ofe Britain.  A na-egwu egwuregwu ugbu a n'ọtụtụ mba dị iche iche, gụnyere [[Ostraliya|Australia]], Estonia, [[Finland]], Germany, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand na Russia.. Ịtụba akpụkpọ ụkwụ gị bụ ihe ọtụtụ egwuregwu ndị ọzọ gụnyere ịtụba, mana ọ bụghị ịtụba akpụkpọ ụkwụ na ekwentị ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shoe games|url=https://www.youthwork-practice.com/games/Shoe-games.html|accessdate=2021-03-07|work=www.youthwork-practice.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Otu egwuregwu Physical Education nwere ndị sonyere n'ìgwè abụọ. Ìgwè abụọ ahụ na-emepụta ahịrị abụọ site n'ịnọdụ ala n'otu n'otu. Ndị sonyere na-ewepụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ ha ma tụba ha n'etiti ebe egwuregwu, nke dị n'etiti ìgwè abụọ ahụ. Egwuregwu ahụ na-amalite mgbe onye nkuzi ma ọ bụ onye ọka ikpe kwuru otú ahụ. Ebumnuche nke egwuregwu ahụ bụ ka ndị sonyere na-eguzo ọtọ site na ahịrị ha wee gbaa ọsọ gaa n'etiti iji chọta akpụkpọ ụkwụ ha. Ndị sonyere ga-etinye akpụkpọ ụkwụ ha ma nọdụ ala n'otu usoro ahụ ha nọ ọdụ. Ìgwè mbụ iji mee ka onye ọ bụla laghachi n'ahịrị ahụ merie.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shoe Toss - How Fast? {{!}} Elementary PE Games|url=https://www.pegames.org/weekly-challenges-category/shoe-toss/|accessdate=2021-03-07|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe atụ ọzọ nke egwuregwu dabeere na akpụkpọ ụkwụ bụ obere ọrụ otu nke chọrọ akpụkpọ ụkwụ abụọ, oche abụọ, karama plastik abụọ, na ndị sonyere abụọ. A na-etinye karama ndị ahụ n'etiti ebe egwuregwu ahụ, a na-etinyekwa oche ndị ahụ n"akụkụ dị iche iche nke karama ndị ahụ, ka ebe egwuregwu ahụ wee bụrụ ahịrị. Ndị sonyere abụọ ahụ na-amalite n'etiti site na karama, na-agba ọsọ n'oche ha, na-anọdụ ala, na-ewepụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ ha, ma tụba akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya na karama. Onye ọ bụla kụrụ karama ha na nke mbụ na-emeri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shoe Toss|work=ythmin.com|url=https://ythmin.com/shoe-toss/|accessdate=2021-03-07|language=en-AU|archivedate=2023-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605160823/https://ythmin.com/shoe-toss/}}</ref> Tụfuo akpụkpọ ụkwụ nke egwuregwu vidiyo.  Ọkara Nwụrụ Anwụ maka Ọkara Nwụrụ Anwụ 2 na-egosi otu esi egwu egwuregwu ahụ.  Egwuregwu ahụ na-etinye onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ n'ime ụlọ square nke nwere ọnụ ụzọ n'akụkụ niile, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka ị nyochaa ụlọ dị iche iche iji chọta ụzọ.  Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ nwere ọnyà na-egbu egbu.  Onye tụpụrụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ na onye ọkpụkpọ na-abụghị nke ụlọ nwere ọnya.  Onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ tụpụrụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya n'ime ụlọ ahụ, mana ejideghị ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-26|title=Half Dead (Video Game)|url=https://www.dreadcentral.com/reviews/191312/half-dead-video-game/|accessdate=2021-03-07|work=Dread Central|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ịchọ mma == [[Faịlụ:Shoe_tree_at_Morley_field.jpg|thumb|Osisi akpụkpọ ụkwụ na San Diego, California]] Mgbe ụfọdụ, m na-atụba akpụkpọ ụkwụ m n'elu osisi ma echere m na ọ "dị mfe iyi"[1]  Mgbe ụfọdụ, ị nwere ike ịchọ osisi ma ọ bụ osisi ọzọ n'otu ụzọ ahụ.<ref name="rsa">[http://www.roadsideamerica.com/set/shoetrees.html Shoe Trees]. Roadside America.</ref> N'ozuzu, ị nwere ike ịhụ osisi akpụkpọ ụkwụ n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ na mpaghara ahụ ma nwee ike inwe isiokwu (dị ka akpụkpọ ụkwụ). == Hụkwa == * Abandoned footwear - Akpụkpọ ụkwụ furu efu ma ọ bụ tụfuru n'ihu ọha * Bolas - Ụdị ngwá agha a na-atụba n'arọ na South America * Ghost shoes - Ihe ncheta maka ọnwụ ndị njem na-agafe agafe * Panty tree - Osisi e ji uwe ime ụmụ nwanyị chọọ mma, nke a na-ahụkarị n'okpuru ihe na-ebuli elu == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2dtgxt0a9r896n8gb0clsg99g9y37fs Sylvester Azantilow 0 57471 696837 452593 2026-08-04T16:33:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696837 wikitext text/x-wiki Azantilow nwụrụ na 21 Julaị 2020 wee lie ya na 8 Ọgọst na Royal Burial Grounds na Sandema..<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 January 2007|title=Faction of late Azantilow's family invade Mortuary|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Faction-of-late-Azantilow-s-family-invade-Mortuary-118259|accessdate=16 February 2021|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 July 2020|title=Former Deputy Youth And Sports Minister Sylvester Azantilow Dead – My News Ghana|url=https://mynewsghana.net/former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920045607/https://mynewsghana.net/former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/|archivedate=20 September 2020|accessdate=16 February 2021|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Myafricatoday|date=27 July 2020|title=JUST IN: Former Deputy Youth and Sports Minister Sylvester Azantilow dead|url=https://myafricatoday.net/just-in-former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/|accessdate=16 February 2021|work=Myafricatoday.net|language=en-US|archivedate=29 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729215819/https://myafricatoday.net/just-in-former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 July 2020|title=Former Deputy Youth and Sports Minister Sylvester Azantilow dead|url=https://dailynewsghana.com/former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/|accessdate=16 February 2021|work=Daily News Ghana|language=en-US|archivedate=29 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729215819/https://dailynewsghana.com/former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/}}</ref> Sylvester Ateteng Azantilow bụ onye ike USB Ghana na onye otu ndị Omeiwu Mbụ nke Republic nke Anọ na-anya anya Builsa North Constituency na Upper East Region Onye Ghana.  Ọ bụ onye otu National Democratic Congress. {{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=|president=|image=|imagesize=|smallimage=<!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->|alt=|caption=|order=|office=|term_start=|birth_place=[[Upper East Region]], Ghana|term_end=|predecessor=|successor=|office1=|constituency_MP1=[[Builsa North (Ghana parliament constituency)|Builsa North]]|parliament=Ghana|term_start1=7 January 1993|term_end1=6 January 1997|president1=[[Jerry John Rawlings]]|predecessor1=''New''|successor1=[[Theodore Basil Anuka]]|birth_date=1951|honorific-suffix=|name=Sylvester Azantilow|residence=|death_place=|restingplacecoordinates=|birthname=|nationality=[[Ghanaian]]|party=[[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]]|otherparty=<!--For additional political affiliations-->|alma_mater=[[Notre Dame Seminary Senior High School, Navrongo]]|occupation=Politician|death_date={{death date and age|2020|07|20|1951|df=y}}|profession=Imports officer|cabinet=|committees=|portfolio=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=|restingplace=|footnotes=}} == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A game Azantilow n'afọ 1951 na Upper East Region nke Ghana (Gold Coast n'oge ahụ).  Ọ gara Notre Dame Seminary Senior High School, Navrongo, ebe ọ ama GCE Ordinary Level ya. == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Akụ Azantilow ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu na tiketi nke National Democratic Congress n'oge mbụ aka ndị omeiwu Ghana na 1992 iji nọchite anya mpaghara Builsa North na Upper East Region.  Theodore Basil Anuka nọchiri ya.  N'oge mmalite aka Ghana nke afọ 1996, o ikike vootu 12,794 n'ime vootu zuru oke nke na- anya anya 56.10 onye% ụfọdụ ndị na-eso ya bụ Avaasi Solomon Akumboa onye ikike vootu 3,440 na- ike anya 15.10%, Atulisi Alakawon Andrew onye-voolu 837.70 naabkuman.  ikike vooti 524 na-anọci anya 2.30% na George Kwado Amarnah onye ikike vooli 317 na- ekate anya 1.40% . <ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 1996 Results – Builsa North Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/uppereast/168/index.php|accessdate=16 February 2021|work=Ghana Elections – Peace FM|archivedate=29 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729215859/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/uppereast/168/index.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Parliament – Builsa North Constituency Election 1996 Results|url=http://thinkghana.com/pages/1996/parliament/uppereast/168/index.php|accessdate=16 February 2021|work=Ghana Elections – Peace FM|archivedate=31 March 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331162847/https://thinkghana.com/pages/1996/parliament/uppereast/168/index.php}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Azantilow bụ onye ọrụ mbubata site na ọrụ na onye bụbu onye omeiwu maka Builsa North Constituency na Upper East Region. Ọ bụkwa osote minista na-ahụ maka ndị ntorobịa na egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Deputy Minister, 3 others before court|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/122848/former-deputy-minister-3-others-before-court.html|accessdate=16 February 2021|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Azantilow bụ Onye Kraịst. == Ọnwụ == Azantilow died on 21 July 2020 and was buried on 8 August at the Royal Burial Grounds in Sandema.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 January 2007|title=Faction of late Azantilow's family invade Mortuary|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Faction-of-late-Azantilow-s-family-invade-Mortuary-118259|accessdate=16 February 2021|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 July 2020|title=Former Deputy Youth And Sports Minister Sylvester Azantilow Dead – My News Ghana|url=https://mynewsghana.net/former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920045607/https://mynewsghana.net/former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/|archivedate=20 September 2020|accessdate=16 February 2021|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Myafricatoday|date=27 July 2020|title=JUST IN: Former Deputy Youth and Sports Minister Sylvester Azantilow dead|url=https://myafricatoday.net/just-in-former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/|accessdate=16 February 2021|work=Myafricatoday.net|language=en-US|archivedate=29 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729215819/https://myafricatoday.net/just-in-former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 July 2020|title=Former Deputy Youth and Sports Minister Sylvester Azantilow dead|url=https://dailynewsghana.com/former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/|accessdate=16 February 2021|work=Daily News Ghana|language=en-US|archivedate=29 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729215819/https://dailynewsghana.com/former-deputy-youth-and-sports-minister-sylvester-azantilow-dead/}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} dk435cx8z3vb8zygqhns3pvrry71cni Simphiwe Dana 0 59647 696830 368863 2026-08-04T14:26:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696830 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Simphiwe_Dana_Wien2007b.jpg|thumb|Simphiwe Dana]] Simphiwe Dana (amụrụ 23 Jenụwarị 1980) bụ onye South Africa na-agụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ nke na-arụkarị ọrụ n'asụsụ ala nna ya, asụsụ Xhosa.[1] A makwaara Dana maka nkọwa mmekọrịta ọha na eze okike ya na ime ihe ike site na egwu dị ka ụdị nka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọrụ ya na egwu malitere na 2002, mgbe ọ dị afọ 22. Amụrụ na Butterworth wee zụlite na Lusikisiki na Transkei, Dana bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Gallo Records wee wepụta album studio mpụta mbụ ya, Zandisile (2004), bụ nke ghọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa, meriri Best Newcomer na Best Jazz Album. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Simphiwe na 23 Jenụwarị 1980 na Butterworth, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.destinyconnect.com/2016/02/08/simphiwe-dana-raises-black-consciousness-music/|title=Simphiwe Dana raises black consciousness through her music|date=8 February 2016|work=DESTINY Magazine|accessdate=23 February 2019|archivedate=24 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224001653/https://www.destinyconnect.com/2016/02/08/simphiwe-dana-raises-black-consciousness-music/}}</ref> Transkei, South Africa ma zụlite ya n'obodo Lusikisiki. Dana si n'okpukpe ebe nna ya bụ onye nkwusa na ka ọ na-etolite na chọọchị, na-ekpughe ya egwu n'ụdị ukwe na nke ozioma.<ref name="allmusic1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/simphiwe-dana-mn0000669879/biography|title=Simphiwe Dana &#124; Biography & History|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|date=|accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref> === Mmụta === Ọ gara Vela Private School na Mthatha, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na 1997. Agụmakwụkwọ ya dị elu gbasoro mmasị ya na eserese eserese, ọ gụrụ nke ọma maka National Diploma ya na IT na Wits Technikon, Johannesburg. == Ọrụ == Mgbe ya na Gallo Records bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ, ewepụtara album mbụ ya Zandisile na 2004.[1] The album rere nke ọma wee nweta ọtụtụ awards, gụnyere ụfọdụ South African Music Award (SAMA) na 2005. Na ya zuru ụwa ọnụ mwepụta, album nwetara ihe ịga nke ọma na Billboard charts na o meriri AVO Session Basel Award..<ref name="allmusic1"/> N'afọ 2005, Dana meriri ihe nrite "Best Newcomer" na Best Jazz Vocal album na 11th South African Music Awards na album mbụ ya ''Zandisile'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.5seasons.co.za/artists/simphiwe-dana/Simphiwe%20Dana%20Biography.pdf|title=Simphiwe Dana Biography|work=5seasons.co.za|date=|accessdate=2 January 2017|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035706/http://www.5seasons.co.za/artists/simphiwe-dana/Simphiwe%20Dana%20Biography.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, a kpọrọ ya "Nwanyị Na-eme Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma", na egwu "The One Love Movement on Bantu Biko Street", na 13th South African Music Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/release/3w4h/|title=Music – Review of Simphiwe Dana – The One Love Movement on Banto Biko Street|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=27 August 2007|accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-akwado Afrofuturism na Afrofeminism. Na Julaị 9, 2010, a tọhapụrụ abọm studio nke atọ nke Dana bụ Kulture Noir na South Africa. Na 10th Annual ememe nke Metro FM Music Awards, ọ wegara ihe nrite abụọ; Best Contemporary Jazz, Best Female.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Performances, fashion light up Metro FM Music Awards - The Mail & Guardian|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-11-29-performances-fashion-light-up-metro-fm-music-awards/?amp|first=Karabo|author=Keepile|date=29 November 2010|work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 25, 2018, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Moncalieri Jazz Festival na Turin . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Simphiwe Dana at All About Jazz|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/tag-simphiwe-dana?width=412|work=All About Jazz|date=22 December 2018}}</ref> N'afọ 2013 ọ malitere idekọ abọm ya ''Firebrand'' ma gbuo oge ịtọhapụ ya mgbe ọ hapụrụ akara mbụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Simphiwe Dana – Firebrand {{!}} Music In Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/simphiwe-dana-%E2%80%93-firebrand|work=Music In Africa|date=October 21, 2015|author=DJ Okapi|accessdate=March 24, 2025|archivedate=September 20, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212638/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/simphiwe-dana-%E2%80%93-firebrand}}</ref> Na mbido afọ 2014, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Sony Music. N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2015, a tọhapụrụ abọm studio ya nke anọ bụ ''Firebrand''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Firebrand! Simphiwe Dana's new album {{!}} News24|url=https://www.news24.com/amp/news24/archives/city-press/Firebrand-Simphiwe-Danas-new-album-20150429|date=2 November 2015|language=en|work=News24}}</ref> Abọm ahụ mepụtara egwu anọ "Killjoy", "Roll Me Down", "Masterpiece" na "My Light". N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, a tọhapụrụ abọm studio ya nke ise bụ ''Bamako''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Simphiwe Dana releases new album '' Bamako''|url=https://voyagesafriq.com/2020/05/01/simphiwe-dana-releases-new-album-bamako/|work=voyagesafriq|first=Kojo Bentum|author=Williams|date=May 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Simphiwe Dana's New Album 'Bamako' Lays Bare Her Musical Ingenuity - OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/amp/simphiwe-dana-bamako-album-interview-2645998464|first=Rufaro|author=Samanga|date=14 May 2020|work=OkayAfrica}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Simphiwe Dana drops much-anticipated 5th studio album|url=https://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/news/simphiwe-dana-drops-much-anticipated-5th-studio-album-47217374|date=26 April 2020|work=Independent Online}}</ref> == Nkọwapụta ==   === Abọm studio === === Abọm ndị dị ndụ === * ''Otu mgbede na Simphiwe Dana: Live na Lyric Theatre'' (2011) * Ime Ememe Afọ Iri Live na Bassline (2016) * ''Ahụmahụ Simphiwe Dana Symphony'' (2017) == Ihe na-akpali akpali == Egwú Dana na-adabere n'ụzọ siri ike na ịzụlite ya na Transkei, ọ na-ekwukwa [ihe odide dị mkpa] abụ dị ike nke nne ya dị ka ihe na-akpali ya na ụmụnne ya, na n'ikpeazụ dị ka isi ihe na-agba ume na mkpebi ya ịchụso ọrụ egwu ya. A kpọtụrụ ya aha dị ka Mama Africa nke oge a. == Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru == === Ihe nrite Afro Pop nke South Africa === === Onyinye Egwú nke South Africa ===   == Edemsibia == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6jnenasualnumbjxmviaim82vqihqpm 696831 696830 2026-08-04T14:26:32Z KiranBOT 25138 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v2.2.9s 696831 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Simphiwe_Dana_Wien2007b.jpg|thumb|Simphiwe Dana]] Simphiwe Dana (amụrụ 23 Jenụwarị 1980) bụ onye South Africa na-agụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ nke na-arụkarị ọrụ n'asụsụ ala nna ya, asụsụ Xhosa.[1] A makwaara Dana maka nkọwa mmekọrịta ọha na eze okike ya na ime ihe ike site na egwu dị ka ụdị nka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọrụ ya na egwu malitere na 2002, mgbe ọ dị afọ 22. Amụrụ na Butterworth wee zụlite na Lusikisiki na Transkei, Dana bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Gallo Records wee wepụta album studio mpụta mbụ ya, Zandisile (2004), bụ nke ghọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa, meriri Best Newcomer na Best Jazz Album. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Simphiwe na 23 Jenụwarị 1980 na Butterworth, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.destinyconnect.com/2016/02/08/simphiwe-dana-raises-black-consciousness-music/|title=Simphiwe Dana raises black consciousness through her music|date=8 February 2016|work=DESTINY Magazine|accessdate=23 February 2019|archivedate=24 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224001653/https://www.destinyconnect.com/2016/02/08/simphiwe-dana-raises-black-consciousness-music/}}</ref> Transkei, South Africa ma zụlite ya n'obodo Lusikisiki. Dana si n'okpukpe ebe nna ya bụ onye nkwusa na ka ọ na-etolite na chọọchị, na-ekpughe ya egwu n'ụdị ukwe na nke ozioma.<ref name="allmusic1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/simphiwe-dana-mn0000669879/biography|title=Simphiwe Dana &#124; Biography & History|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|date=|accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref> === Mmụta === Ọ gara Vela Private School na Mthatha, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na 1997. Agụmakwụkwọ ya dị elu gbasoro mmasị ya na eserese eserese, ọ gụrụ nke ọma maka National Diploma ya na IT na Wits Technikon, Johannesburg. == Ọrụ == Mgbe ya na Gallo Records bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ, ewepụtara album mbụ ya Zandisile na 2004.[1] The album rere nke ọma wee nweta ọtụtụ awards, gụnyere ụfọdụ South African Music Award (SAMA) na 2005. Na ya zuru ụwa ọnụ mwepụta, album nwetara ihe ịga nke ọma na Billboard charts na o meriri AVO Session Basel Award..<ref name="allmusic1"/> N'afọ 2005, Dana meriri ihe nrite "Best Newcomer" na Best Jazz Vocal album na 11th South African Music Awards na album mbụ ya ''Zandisile'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.5seasons.co.za/artists/simphiwe-dana/Simphiwe%20Dana%20Biography.pdf|title=Simphiwe Dana Biography|work=5seasons.co.za|date=|accessdate=2 January 2017|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035706/http://www.5seasons.co.za/artists/simphiwe-dana/Simphiwe%20Dana%20Biography.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, a kpọrọ ya "Nwanyị Na-eme Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma", na egwu "The One Love Movement on Bantu Biko Street", na 13th South African Music Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/release/3w4h/|title=Music – Review of Simphiwe Dana – The One Love Movement on Banto Biko Street|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=27 August 2007|accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-akwado Afrofuturism na Afrofeminism. Na Julaị 9, 2010, a tọhapụrụ abọm studio nke atọ nke Dana bụ Kulture Noir na South Africa. Na 10th Annual ememe nke Metro FM Music Awards, ọ wegara ihe nrite abụọ; Best Contemporary Jazz, Best Female.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Performances, fashion light up Metro FM Music Awards - The Mail & Guardian|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-11-29-performances-fashion-light-up-metro-fm-music-awards/?amp|first=Karabo|author=Keepile|date=29 November 2010|work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 25, 2018, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Moncalieri Jazz Festival na Turin . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Simphiwe Dana at All About Jazz|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/tag-simphiwe-dana?width=412|work=All About Jazz|date=22 December 2018}}</ref> N'afọ 2013 ọ malitere idekọ abọm ya ''Firebrand'' ma gbuo oge ịtọhapụ ya mgbe ọ hapụrụ akara mbụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Simphiwe Dana – Firebrand {{!}} Music In Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/simphiwe-dana-%E2%80%93-firebrand|work=Music In Africa|date=October 21, 2015|author=DJ Okapi|accessdate=March 24, 2025|archivedate=September 20, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212638/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/simphiwe-dana-%E2%80%93-firebrand}}</ref> Na mbido afọ 2014, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Sony Music. N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2015, a tọhapụrụ abọm studio ya nke anọ bụ ''Firebrand''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Firebrand! Simphiwe Dana's new album {{!}} News24|url=https://www.news24.com/amp/news24/archives/city-press/Firebrand-Simphiwe-Danas-new-album-20150429|date=2 November 2015|language=en|work=News24}}</ref> Abọm ahụ mepụtara egwu anọ "Killjoy", "Roll Me Down", "Masterpiece" na "My Light". N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, a tọhapụrụ abọm studio ya nke ise bụ ''Bamako''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Simphiwe Dana releases new album '' Bamako''|url=https://voyagesafriq.com/2020/05/01/simphiwe-dana-releases-new-album-bamako/|work=voyagesafriq|first=Kojo Bentum|author=Williams|date=May 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Simphiwe Dana's New Album 'Bamako' Lays Bare Her Musical Ingenuity - OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/simphiwe-danas-new-album-bamako-lays-bare-her-musical-ingenuity/213503|first=Rufaro|author=Samanga|date=14 May 2020|work=OkayAfrica}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Simphiwe Dana drops much-anticipated 5th studio album|url=https://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/news/simphiwe-dana-drops-much-anticipated-5th-studio-album-47217374|date=26 April 2020|work=Independent Online}}</ref> == Nkọwapụta ==   === Abọm studio === === Abọm ndị dị ndụ === * ''Otu mgbede na Simphiwe Dana: Live na Lyric Theatre'' (2011) * Ime Ememe Afọ Iri Live na Bassline (2016) * ''Ahụmahụ Simphiwe Dana Symphony'' (2017) == Ihe na-akpali akpali == Egwú Dana na-adabere n'ụzọ siri ike na ịzụlite ya na Transkei, ọ na-ekwukwa [ihe odide dị mkpa] abụ dị ike nke nne ya dị ka ihe na-akpali ya na ụmụnne ya, na n'ikpeazụ dị ka isi ihe na-agba ume na mkpebi ya ịchụso ọrụ egwu ya. A kpọtụrụ ya aha dị ka Mama Africa nke oge a. == Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru == === Ihe nrite Afro Pop nke South Africa === === Onyinye Egwú nke South Africa ===   == Edemsibia == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 58jv840cbl3grj354h48z9074jc6sc8 2 Samuel 5 0 60388 696871 693062 2026-08-05T07:32:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''2 Samuel 5''' bụ [[Bible]]" id="mwCA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">isi nke ise nke Akwụkwọ Samuel nke Abụọ na Agba Ochie nke Bible [[Efefe Kraịst|Ndị Kraịst]] ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke abụọ nke Akwụkwọ Samuel na Bible Hibru. [1] Dị ka ọdịnala ndị Juu si kwuo, e kwuru na ọ bụ [[Samuel]] onye amụma dere akwụkwọ ahụ, na mgbakwunye nke ndị amụma Gad na Nathan, <ref name="JewishEncyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Hirsch|first=Emil G.|title=SAMUEL, BOOKS OF|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of|work=www.jewishencyclopedia.com}}</ref> mana ndị ọkà mmụta nke oge a na-ele ya anya dị ka ihe mejupụtara ọtụtụ ederede onwe ha nke oge dị iche iche site na c. 630-540 BCE.[3][4] Isiokwu a nwere akụkọ banyere ọchịchị Devid na Hebron na Jerusalem. [5][6] Nke a dị n'ime ngalaba nwere 1 Samuel 16 ruo 2 Samuel 5 nke na-edekọ ịrị elu Devid dị ka eze Izrel, na ngalaba nwere 2 Samuel 2-8 nke na-ekwu maka oge Devid guzobere alaeze ya. [7][8] == Ihe odide == E dere isiakwụkwọ a na mbụ n'Asụsụ Hibru. E kewara ya na'amaokwu iri abụọ na ise. === Ndị akaebe ederede === Ụfọdụ ihe odide oge ochie nwere ederede nke isi a na Hibru bụ nke ọdịnala Masoretic Text, nke gụnyere Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (narị afọ nke iri), na Codex Leningradensis (1008). [9] a chọtara iberibe akwụkwọ ndị nwere akụkụ nke isi a n'asụsụ Hibru n'etiti Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ gụnyere 4Q51 (4QSama; 100-50 BCE) na amaokwu 1-3, 6-16, 18-19 dị ugbu a. [10][12] Ihe odide ochie nke nsụgharị gaa na Grik Koine nke a maara dị ka Septuagint (nke e mere na narị afọ ole na ole gara aga TOA) gụnyere Codex Vaticanus (B; 𝐺 B; narị afọ nke anọ) na Codex Alexandrinus (A; 𝐺 A; narị afọ nke ise).[14][a] === Ihe odide Agba Ochie === * 2 Samuel 5:1-11: 1 Ihe E Mere 11:1-9<ref name=bsb>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230206065805/https://www.biblehub.com/bsb/2_samuel/5.htm 2 Samuel 5], Berean Study Bible</ref> * 2 Samuel 5:12-25: 1 Ihe E Mere 14:1-9<ref name="bsb" /> == Ebe ndị a na-anọ ==   * Bel-perazim * Geba * Gezer * [[Jerusalem]] * Otu puku afọ * Taịra * Ndagwurugwu Rephaim == Nnyocha == Akụkọ banyere ọchịchị Devid na Hebron na 2 Samuel 1:1-5:5 nwere usoro ndị a: [17] : A. Ịlaghachi azụ na ihe nkiri ikpeazụ nke 1 Samuel (1:1) :: B. Devid natara okpueze Sọl (1:2-12) ::: C. Devid gburu onye gburu Sọl (1:13-16) :::: D. Abụ ákwá Devid maka Sọl na Jọtan (1:17-27) ::::: E. Ndị eze abụọ n'ala (2:1-3:6) ::::: E'. Otu eze n'ala: Abner gbanwere akụkụ (3:7-27) :::: D'. Abụ ákwá Devid maka Abner (3:28-39) ::: C'. Devid gburu ndị gburu Ishbaal (4:1-12) :: B'. Devid yi okpueze Sọl (5:1-3) : A'. Na-atụ anya ọchịchị Devid na Jerusalem (5:4-5) Edere akụkọ Devid banyere ọrịgoro n’ocheeze na Hebron site n’amaokwu mmeghe nke na-ele anya azụ ruo n’isi ikpeazụ nke 1 Samuel (ọnwụ Sọl na ebe mgbaba Devid na Ziklag) na amaokwu mmechi ndị na-atụ anya ọchịchị Devid na Jerusalem (2 Samuel 5). Ihe ahụ malitere mgbe Devid nwetara okpueze Sọl ma mechie mgbe o mechara nweta okpueze ahụ. Devid gburu onye Amalek bụ́ onye kwuru na ya nyeere Sọl aka igbu onwe ya na ndị gburu Ishbel. Edere abù-ákwá abua: otù bayere Sọl na Jonatan, na nke-ntà nke-ntà nke Abna. N’etiti ihe omume abụọ ahụ bụ isi bụ: ịdị adị nke eze abụọ n’ala ahụ (Devid na Ishbeal), n’ihi na ndị agha Joab enweghị ike imeri ókèala Sọl n’ọgbọ agha. Otú ọ dị, e kpebiri nke a mgbe Ishbaal ji nzuzu maa iguzosi ike n’ihe Abna ọgụ, mere ka Abna gbanwee otu akụkụ nke mesịrị weta alaeze Sọl n’okpuru ọchịchị Devid.[17] == Devid e tere mmanụ eze Izrel niile (5:1-5) == Site na ọnwụ Ishbaal, Devid enweghịzi onye na-asọ mpi maka ocheeze Israel (amaokwu 1-2). [18] "Ebe ndị Izrel", na-ekwu maka njikọ ya na ụlọ Sọl, idu ndú ya a nwapụtara megide ndị Filistia yana nkwa Chineke ime ya eze, zigara 'ndị okenye Izrel' (cf. 'ndị nna Juda' na 2 Samuel 2:4) na Hebron iji mee 'ọgbụgba ndụ... n'ihu Onyenwe anyị', wee tee Devid mmanụ dị ka 'eze'.[18] === Amaokwu nke 3 === : ''Ya mere, ndị okenye nile nke Izrel bịakwutere eze ahụ na Hebron, Eze Devid sokwa ha mee ọgbụgba ndụ na Hebron n'ihu Onyenwe anyị. Ha wee tee Devid mmanụ n'elu Izrel.'' * "Ha tere Devid mmanụ n'elu Izrel": nke a bụ ite Devid mmanụ nke atọ, ebe Samuel mere nke mbụ, nke abụọ bụ nke ebo Juda, na ugbu a site n'ebo niile nke Israel, na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị mmadụ na-eri, na-aṅụ ma na-aju Devid ọṅụ (1 Ihe E Mere 12:1). == Devid meriri Jeruselem (5:6-10) == Nzọụkwụ ọzọ dị mkpa bụ mmeri nke Jerusalem (amaokwu 6-9), nke ndị 'Jebusites' bi na ya ruo mgbe ahụ, ndị sitere na Kenan (Jenesis 10:16). [18] A na-ahụ aha Jerusalem n'ihe odide Execration nke ndị Ijipt nke narị afọ nke 19 na nke 18 BCE na n'ihe ndekọ Amarna nke narị afọ na nke 14 BCE.[18] Ndị Izrel emeghị ka obodo ahụ weghara mgbe ha meriri Kenan (Joshua 15:63; Ndị Ikpe 1:21), ya mere ọ ghọrọ ógbè nwere onwe ya ruo mgbe Devid weghaara ya.[18] Ebe e wusiri ike (ma ọ bụ ebe e wusiri anya) dị n'ebe dị anya site n'okporo ụzọ ndị isi ugwu na ndịda ma dị n'ókè dị n'etiti Juda na Israel ndị ọzọ, yabụ ọ bụ nhọrọ amamihe dị ka isi obodo.[18] Ndị Jebus nwere obi ike nke na a pụghị iwere obodo ha, n'ihi ya, ha gwara Devid na ọbụna ndị nwere nkwarụ, 'ndị kpuru ìsì na ndị nwere nkụda mmụọ', ga-enwe ike ichebe ya (amaokwu 6). Mgbe Devid meriri obodo ahụ, o jiri okwu ahụ kpọọ ndị na-agbachitere ya 'ndị nkwarụ na ndị kpuru ìsì' (amaokwu 8). [18] Ndị mwakpo ahụ gara 'n'elu olulu mmiri' iji banye n'obodo ahụ (amaokwu 8), ya bụ, olulu kwụ ọtọ site n'obodo ruo n'Isi Iyi nke Gihon, mgbe ahụ Devid biri n'ebe e wusiri ike n'elu ugwu dị n'akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Jerusalem, nke a na-akpọkwa "Ofel", ma nye ya aha 'obodo Devid'.[18] Akụkọ banyere mmeri Devid weghaara obodo ahụ nwere nkwubi okwu kwesịrị ekwesị n'amaokwu 10, nke a nwere ike ibu n'uche dị ka nkwupụta mmechi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịrịgo Devid n'ocheeze Izrel.[21] === Amaokwu nke 9 === : ''N'ihi ya, Devid biri n'ogige ahụ, ma kpọọ ya obodo Devid. David wuru gburugburu site na Millo na n'ime.'' * "Millo": bụ ihe a na-etinye n'ala iji mepụta mgbidi ma ọ bụ ikpo okwu, na-eme ka ọ dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ.[18] N'asụsụ Hibru, a na-eji okwu a eme ihe mgbe niile na isiokwu doro anya (ma e wezụga na Ndị Ikpe 9:6; Ndị Ikpe 9:0) <ref name="ellicott" /> O yikarịrị ka aha ahụ sitere n'okwu ochie nke ndị Kenan maka 'mgbidi dị na nsọtụ ugwu nke Ugwu Zaịọn'. <ref name="ellicott" /> Solomọn (1 Ndị Eze 11:27) na Hezekaya (2 Ihe E Mere 32:5) wusiri ya ike. <ref name=ellicott>[[Charles Ellicott|Ellicott, C. J.]] (Ed.) (1905). [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/ellicott/2_samuel/5.htm ''Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers''. 2 Samuel 5.] London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.</ref> === Amaokwu 10 === : ''Devid wee gaa n'ihu, wee too nke ukwuu, Onyenwe anyị Chineke nke ndị agha nọkwa na ya.'' * "Onyenwe a Chineke nke ndị ọbịa": a hụghị okwu ahụ bụ "Chineke" na 4QSama ma ọ bụ Septuagint Grik, ma eleghị anya iji kwekọọ na okwu a na-ahụkarị na Bible "Onyenwe ndị ọbịa". == Aha ọma na ezinụlọ Devid (5:11-16) == Akụkụ a nwere ihe odide abụọ dị mkpirikpi: # Amaokwu 11-12 na-akọ mkparịta ụka ya na eze Hiram nke Taịa, onye nwere ihe owuwu na ndị omenkà maka ọrụ owuwu Devid. Ọ pụkwara izo aka n'oge ọzọ n'oge ọchịchị Devid dị ka Hiram nyekwara aka na ọrụ owuwu Solomọn.[26] # Amaokwu 13-16 depụtara ụmụ Devid mụrụ na Jerusalem dị ka ihe na-aga n'ihu na ndepụta ahụ na 2 Samuel 3:2-5.[26] E nyere otu ndepụta ahụ, na ụfọdụ ọdịiche, na 1 Ihe E Mere 3:5-8 na 1 Ihe Ihe E Mere 14:5-7 . === Amaokwu 14 === : ''Ndị a bụ aha ndị a mụrụ n'ebe ọ nọ na Jeruselem; Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon,'' * "Nathan na Solomọn": Dị ka ụmụ nwoke anọ edepụtara ebe a si kwuo, dị ka ọ gụrụ n'otu oge na 1 Ihe E Mere 3:5 a mụrụ ha na Bathsheba (Bath-shua), yabụ n'oge ọchịchị Devid. Solomọn na Netan bụ ụmụ nwoke abụọ nke Devid bụ ndị Oziọma Matiu na Luk si n'otu n'otu chọta usoro ọmụmụ Jizọs Kraịst. == Mmeri abụọ o meriri ndị Filistia (5:17-25) == Akụkọ banyere mmeri abụọ Devid meriri ndị Filistia nwere ike ijikọta ya na oge gara aga mgbe a 'nyara ya mmanụ n'elu Izrel' (amaokwu 17), ebe 'ebe siri ike' ya abụghị Jerusalem, mana ọ nwere ike ịbụ Adullam. N'oge abụọ ahụ, Devid gakwuuru Chineke, na-enweta azịza dị iche maka nke ọ bụla - ziri ezi na ihe omume mbụ, mana ihe na-adịghị mma na oge nke abụọ, na-esote ndụmọdụ ọzọ - na-eduga na mmeri n'ọnọdụ niile.[26]Ndị Filistia rutere Rephaim, ala dị larịị nke dị n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Jerusalem, na agha mbụ Devid meriri ha na Bel-perazim ('Onyenwe nke Bursting Forth'). N'agha nke abụọ, a dụrụ David ọdụ ka ọ gaa n'ụzọ dị iche ma si n'akụkụ dị nso na 'osisi balsam', osisi ndị dị n'ọhịa nke dị n'ógbè ugwu. Mmeri nke abụọ bụ ihe dị mkpa ka a chụpụrụ ndị Filistia 'site na Geba' (Septuagint na-agụ 'site na Gibeọn', kilomita isii n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Jerusalem) laghachi n'ókè ha na Gezer.[26] == Hụkwa ==   == Ihe edeturu == == Ihe odide == == Ebe e si nweta ya == === Nkọwa banyere Samuel === n10tu6newh7rudwldbgpay77gyn7qgu Tomiwa Aladekomo 0 67032 696844 541061 2026-08-04T18:53:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696844 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Tomiwa Aladekomo''' (amuru 2 Jenụwarị 1982) bu onye isi mgbasa ozi Naijiria, onye ọchụnta ego ịntanetị na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[1][2] Ọ bụ onye isi ọrụ nke Big Cabal Media, nke na-ebipụta Zikoko, akwụkwọ ịntanetị lekwasịrị anya ntorobịa, yana TechCabal, mgbasa ozi teknụzụ teknụzụ Afrịka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TechCabal to bring together Africa's Tech Ecosystem at Moonshot conference – Businessday NG|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/techcabal-to-bring-together-africas-tech-ecosystem-at-moonshot-conference/|accessdate=2024-04-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Akintaro|first=Samson|date=2022-06-08|title=How African startups can survive looming funding crunch – Tomiwa Aladekomo, CEO, Big Cabal Media|url=https://nairametrics.com/2022/06/08/how-african-startups-can-survive-looming-funding-crunch-tomiwa-aladekomo-ceo-big-cabal-media/|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=Nairametrics|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi Oche nke pati ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, Youth Party (YP) n'etiti afọ 2020 na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Youth Party Appoints Aladekomo as Acting National Chairman – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/10/29/youth-party-appoints-aladekomo-as-acting-national-chairman|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=www.thisdaylive.com|language=en}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Aladekomo na Jenụwarị 2, 1982, na Osun Steeti, Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ nwa nke onye injinia kọmputa Naijiria Demola Aladekomo na Titi Aladekome.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-01-01|title=Sir Demola Aladekomo @ 66: "God Used Me as A Facilitator for Chams."|url=http://dejiokegbile.com/sir-demola-aladekomo-66-god-used-me-as-a-facilitator-for-chams/|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=Deji Okegbile's Blog|language=en-GB}}</ref> N'afọ 2000, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Business Management & Finance na Mahadum Boston , Massachusetts na United States of America, nata akara ugo mmụta ya na 2004. Ọ gara Mahadum Columbia, dịkwa na United States, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta Master na Anthropology na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-22|title=Deep dive with Tomiwa Aladekomo, CEO of Big Cabal Media|url=https://www.benjamindada.com/interview-tomiwa-aladekomo-techcabal-parent-bcm/|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=Bendada.com, modern tech media in SSA|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Tomiwa Aladekomo guzobere Quirk, ụlọ ọrụ egwu na ihe omume na 2009, na-emepụta ihe omume dị ka Lagos Jazz Festival, Music Meets Runway na Fela na Lagos na egwu egwu maka ndị na-ese egwu dị ka [[Aṣa|Asa]], [[Nneka]] na [[Keziah Jones]]. <ref>{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2009-10-08|title=Quirk debuts with Nneka on the Green as MOBO winner performs in Lagos tonight!|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2009/10/quirk-debuts-with-nneka-on-the-green-as-mobo-winner-performs-in-lagos-tonight/|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2010-01-21|title=Events This Weekend: Asa On The Green {{!}} bebeGrafiti {{!}} The Waiting Room|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2010/01/events-this-weekend-asa-on-the-green-bebegrafiti-the-waiting-room/|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2010-06-03|title=Quirk & Glee! Present Keziah Jones is in Lagos|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2010/06/quirk-glee-present-keziah-jones-is-in-lagos/|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 2011, o sonyeere Nigeria Breweries, na-achịkwa ụlọ ọrụ mmanya na-egbu egbu na mmanya na-adịghị egbu egbu dị ka Star, Gulder, Heineken na Maltina.[1] Ọ sonyeere Ventra Media Group na 2016 ebe e mechara kpọọ ya onye isi nchịkwa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-06|title=Ventra appoints Client Service & Strategy Director|url=https://mediacareerng.org/2016/05/06/ventra-appoints-client-service-strategy-director/|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=Media Career Services|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225151257/http://mediacareerng.org/2016/05/06/ventra-appoints-client-service-strategy-director/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=okunola|first=folarin|date=2017-02-28|title=Recap: Here's what happened on day 1 of tech industry event|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/tech/social-media-week-lagos-recap-heres-what-happened-on-day-1-of-tech-industry-event/x4t0vbx|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> Aladekomo ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Big Cabal Media na 2018 mgbe ọpụpụ nke onye isi oche Seyi Taylor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-10|title=9 Nigerian entrepreneurs who gave up on their prominent startup|url=https://techpoint.africa/2018/08/10/nigerian-startup-founders-moved-on/|accessdate=2024-04-11|language=en-US}}</ref> O duuru ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gaa na nchịkọta ego nke $ 2.3m na 2022 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ephraim|first=Adrian|date=2023-03-31|title=Timeline: Reliving 10 years of TechCabal|url=https://techcabal.com/2023/03/31/timeline-reliving-10-years-of-techcabal/|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=TechCabal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Adeyemi|first=Daniel|date=2022-03-17|title=Big Cabal Media raises $2.3m to expand its compelling line of digital products|url=https://techcabal.com/2022/03/17/big-cabal-media-techcabal-zikoko-raises-2-3m-digital-products/|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=TechCabal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Big Cabal raises $2.3m Seed round to grow tech media audience in Africa – Businessday NG|url=https://businessday.ng/technology/article/big-cabal-raises-2-3m-seed-round-to-grow-tech-media-audience-in-africa/|accessdate=2024-04-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Laketu|first=Adedayo|date=2022-03-17|title=TechCabal & Zikoko Mag parent company Big Cabal Media, raises $2.3M seed funding|work=Morebranches.com|url=https://www.morebranches.com/techcabal-zikoko-mag-parent-company-big-cabal-media-raises-2-3m-seed-funding/,%20https://www.morebranches.com/techcabal-zikoko-mag-parent-company-big-cabal-media-raises-2-3m-seed-funding/|accessdate=2024-04-11|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nduzi na-abụghị onye isi na Chams PLC, ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ edepụtara na Naịjirịa Stock Exchange . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-16|title=Meet Tomiwa Aladekomo, the Newly Appointed Non-Executive Director of Chams Plc|url=https://technext24.com/2019/12/16/meet-tomiwa-aladekomo-the-newly-appointed-non-executive-director-of-chams-plc/|accessdate=2024-04-11|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ na-akwado Tech n'ọdịnihu na Arise new ebe ọ na-agwa ọtụtụ nde mmadụ okwu na-akpọte Africa banyere ihe na-eme na Tech Industry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tomiwa ALADEKOMO|url=https://www.theafricaceoforum.com/forum-2024/en/intervenant/tomiwa-aladekomo-2/|accessdate=2025-10-09|work=Africa CEO Forum 2024|language=en}}</ref> == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == A họpụtara Tomiwa Aladekomo onye na-arụ ọrụ onye isi oche nke otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, Youth Party (YP), na Ọktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fellow appointed as Acting National Chair of the Youth Party in Nigeria|url=https://mail.alinstitute.org/news/fellow-appointed-as-acting-national-chair-of-the-youth-party-in-nigeria|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=mail.alinstitute.org|archivedate=2025-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126174414/https://mail.alinstitute.org/news/fellow-appointed-as-acting-national-chair-of-the-youth-party-in-nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ibeh|first=Ifeanyi|date=2024-03-04|title=Young visionaries transforming Nigerian politics through tenacity and vision|url=https://guardian.ng/news/young-visionaries-transforming-nigerian-politics-through-tenacity-and-vision/|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmekọrịta na nkwanye ùgwù == Aladekomo natara Archbishop Tutu Leadership Fellowship site na African Leadership Institute na 2013.[1] O mekwara YNaija Power List maka Corporate Nigeria na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-03|title=Tomiwa Aladekomo, Biyi Fagade, Sinmisola Hughes-Obisesan… See the #YNaijaPowerList2017 for Corporate Nigeria » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/ynaija-power-list-tomiwa-aladekomo-biyi-fagade-sinmisola-hughes-obisesan-see-the-ynaijapowerlist2017-for-corporate-nigeria/|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=YNaija|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Aladekomo lụrụ Lisa Leigh.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-30|title=Inside Lisa-Leigh and Tomiwa Aladekomo's Nigerian Wedding|url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/inside-lisa-leigh-and-tomiwa-aladekomos-nigerian-wedding|accessdate=2024-04-11|work=Vogue|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8a0sfiwwviehjywwj4b1ikxjirw1fjf Alain Manceau 0 67124 696883 692352 2026-08-05T11:15:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696883 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Dr. Alain Manceau.jpg|thumb|Alain Manceau]]   '''Alain Manceau''', Amụrụ na Septemba 19, 1955, bụ onye France na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na biogeochemist. A maara ya maka nyocha ya na nhazi na mmeghachi omume nke nanoparticulate iron na manganese oxides na ụrọ mineral, na kemịkalụ kristal nke ọla dị iche iche na ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa, yana na nhazi biogeochemistry nke mercury na sistemu eke, anụmanụ, na [[Madụ̀|ụmụ mmadụ]]. == Akụkọ ndụ == N'afọ 1993, o guzobere na mmekorita ya na Victor Drits ihe nrụzi maka ferrihydrite dabere na nhazi nke usoro mgbasa X-ray.[1] Ekwenyere ihe nlereanya a na 2002 site na Rietveld ndozigharị nke ụkpụrụ neutron diffraction, [2] na na 2014 site na ịme anwansị nke ọrụ nkesa ụzọ abụọ a tụrụ site na mgbasa X-ray ike dị elu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jansen|first=E.|date=2002|title=The structure of six-line ferrihydrite|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s003390101175|journal=Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing|volume=74|issue=|pages=s1004–s1006|doi=10.1007/s003390101175|issn=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Manceau|first=Alain|date=2013|title=Short-range and long-range order of phyllomanganate nanoparticles determined using high-energy X-ray scattering|journal=Journal of Applied Crystallography|volume=46|issue=|pages=193–209|doi=10.1107/s0021889812047917|issn=}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:D-MnO2_HRTEM_image.jpg|thumb|Onyonyo eletrọn nke δ-MnO <sub>2</sub> nanoparticles lere anya n'otu (a) na perpendicular (b) na ụgbọ elu oyi akwa. <ref name=":0" />{{Cite journal|author=Manceau|first=Alain|date=2013|title=Short-range and long-range order of phyllomanganate nanoparticles determined using high-energy X-ray scattering|journal=Journal of Applied Crystallography|volume=46|issue=|pages=193–209|doi=10.1107/s0021889812047917|issn=}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFManceauMarcusGrangeonLanson2013">Manceau, Alain; Marcus, Matthew A.; Grangeon, S.; Lanson, M.; Lanson, B.; Gaillot, A.-C.; Skanthakumar, S.; Soderholm, L. (2013). "Short-range and long-range order of phyllomanganate nanoparticles determined using high-energy X-ray scattering". ''Journal of Applied Crystallography''. '''46''': <span class="nowrap">193–</span>209. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1107/s0021889812047917|10.1107/s0021889812047917]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56356250 56356250].</cite></ref>]] [[Faịlụ:DBi10_cylindrical_bent.jpg|thumb|Ọdịdị nke cylindrically gbagọrọ agbagọ nke δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheet.<ref name=":0" />{{Cite journal|author=Manceau|first=Alain|date=2013|title=Short-range and long-range order of phyllomanganate nanoparticles determined using high-energy X-ray scattering|journal=Journal of Applied Crystallography|volume=46|issue=|pages=193–209|doi=10.1107/s0021889812047917|issn=}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFManceauMarcusGrangeonLanson2013">Manceau, Alain; Marcus, Matthew A.; Grangeon, S.; Lanson, M.; Lanson, B.; Gaillot, A.-C.; Skanthakumar, S.; Soderholm, L. (2013). "Short-range and long-range order of phyllomanganate nanoparticles determined using high-energy X-ray scattering". ''Journal of Applied Crystallography''. '''46''': <span class="nowrap">193–</span>209. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1107/s0021889812047917|10.1107/s0021889812047917]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56356250 56356250].</cite></ref>]] Mercury (Hg) bụ ihe mmetọ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na isi mmalite ndị sitere n'okike, dị ka mgbawa mgbawa na ọkụ ọhịa, na ihe omume mmadụ, dị ka mgbanaka coal, Ngwuputa ọla edo, na ọkụ nke mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ. N'ime [[Nri yinye|ụdọ]] mmiri mmiri na nke ụwa, mercury na-agbakọta dị ka methylmercury (MeHg), nsị dị ike nke na-emetụta ọrụ ụbụrụ anụmanụ na nke mmadụ na usoro ọmụmụ. Ịghọta usoro nsị nke MeHg n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ dị mkpa maka ichekwa anụ ọhịa na [[Madụ̀|ụmụ mmadụ]], na ịmepụta ọgwụgwọ megide nsị mercury . == Mbipụta == Manceau ebipụtala ihe karịrị akwụkwọ sayensị 200 n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ Sayensị Citation Index nke na-achịkọta ihe karịrị 24,000 ngụkọ ma na-enweta h-index karịa 90.[1] Na 2020, a họọrọ ya 111th n'ime ngụkọta nke ndị nyocha 70,197 na Geochemistry/Geophysics na ọmụmụ bibliometric nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke Mahadum Stanford dabere na nchekwa data Elsevier Scopus. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ioannidis|first=John P. A.|date=2020|title=Updated science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators|journal=PLOS Biology|volume=18|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000918|pmid=33064726|issn=}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == * 1989, Nrite Ọla, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) * 2002, Onye otu nke Mineralogical Society of America (MSA). <ref>{{Cite web|title=List of MSA fellows|url=http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/Awards/fellowslist.html}}</ref> * 2003, Brindley nkuzi, The Clay Minerals Society (CMS). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Recipients of the George W. Brindley Clay Science Lecture award|url=https://www.clays.org/awards_brindley_lecture/#:~:text=Award%20Description,and%20involved%20in%20innovative%20research.|accessdate=2025-11-03|archivedate=2026-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260126132600/https://www.clays.org/awards_brindley_lecture/#:~:text=Award%20Description,and%20involved%20in%20innovative%20research.}}</ref> * 2006, George Brown nkuzi, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain na Ireland (MinSoc). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Recipients of the George Brown Lecture award|work=Mineralogical Society of the UK and Ireland|url=https://wwwdev.minersoc.org/cmg-brown.html|accessdate=2025-11-03|archivedate=2025-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619094828/https://wwwdev.minersoc.org/cmg-brown.html}}</ref> * 2010, Nrite Silver, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS). * 2011, EcoX [[:fr:Équipex|Équipex]] Grant. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Equipex projects at ESRF|url=https://www.esrf.fr/news/general/ESRF-partner-French-excellency}}</ref> * 2022, onye ahọpụtara na Academia Europaea . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Europe: Manceau Alain|url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Manceau_Alain|work=www.ae-info.org}}</ref> * 2022, European Research Council Advanced Grant. <ref>{{Cite web|title=List of ERC Grantees at ESRF|url=https://www.esrf.fr/home/UsersAndScience/erc-at-the-esrf.html}}</ref> * 2022, ES&amp;amp;T 2021 Akwụkwọ kacha mma. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zimmerman|first=Julie Beth|title=The 2021 ES&T Best Paper Awards: Nevertheless, We Persisted|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|date=15 November 2022|volume=56|issue=22|pages=15179–15181|doi=10.1021/acs.est.2c07931|language=en|issn=0013-936X}}</ref> * 2023, Léon Lutaud Price na Georges Millot Medal, [[:fr:Académie des sciences (France)|Académie des sciences (France)]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Prix thématiques de l'Académie des Sciences, relatifs aux Sciences de l'univers|url=http://aramis.obspm.fr/prix/|accessdate=2025-11-03|archivedate=2021-10-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031092141/http://aramis.obspm.fr/prix/}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jp0npb3qpl7tbapug32eijw338exnds Thulani Maseko 0 67151 696843 537996 2026-08-04T18:22:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696843 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Thulani Rudolf Maseko''' (1 Machị 1970 - 21 Jenụwarị 2023) <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 January 2023|title=Eswatini: Centre for Human Rights Expresses Shock and Sadness at the Death of Human Rights Defender and Graduate Thulani Maseko|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202301250094.html|work=[[allAfrica]]|accessdate=30 January 2023}}</ref> bụ onye ọka iwu Swazi na-ahụ maka [[Ikike mmadụ|Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ]] <ref>{{Cite web|date=24 June 2009|title=Top rights lawyer arrested|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Top-rights-lawyer-arrested-20090604|work=[[News24 (website)|News24]]|accessdate=19 October 2014}}</ref> onye jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke People's United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO). <ref>{{Cite news|author=Fabricius|first=Peter|date=22 January 2023|title=Leading Swazi activist Thulani Maseko shot dead at his home|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-01-22-leading-swazi-activist-thulani-maseko-shot-dead-at-his-home/|work=[[Daily Maverick]]|accessdate=30 January 2023}}</ref> A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ site na 2014 ruo 2015, Amnesty International kpọkwara ya onye mkpọrọ akọnuche. Ọ gbara Eze Mswati nke Atọ nke Eswatini ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe na 2018 ma gbuo ya n'afọ 2023. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Maseko na Luhleko, dị nso na Bhunya na Manzini Region nke Swaziland na Machị 1, 1970. Ọ gara Mahadum Swaziland, gụchaa akwụkwọ na Bachelor of Arts na Law na 1994 ma nweta Bachelor of Law na 1997. <ref name="up.ac.za">{{Cite web|date=23 January 2023|title=Centre for Human Rights expresses shock and sadness at the death of human rights defender and graduate Thulani Maseko|url=https://www.up.ac.za/news/post_3124174-centre-for-human-rights-expresses-shock-and-sadness-at-the-death-of-human-rights-defender-and-graduate-thulani-maseko|work=up.ac.za|publisher=[[University of Pretoria]]|accessdate=24 January 2023}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, ọ nwetara nzere masta na International Legal Studies na Mahadum Washington College of Law nke Mahadum America.<ref name="up.ac.za" /> == Mgbalị na ịtụ mkpọrọ == Maseko bụ onye na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, na onye ọka Iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ nke a ma ama maka mbọ ọ na-agba iji chebe ndị otu na ndị a chụpụrụ n'ụlọ ha.<ref name="York" /> Na 2009, ọ nọchitere anya otu ndị ọrụ Swaziland National Ex-Minerers Workers Group n'ikpe ha gara nke ọma megide gọọmentị maka ịda iwu nke Iwu na ụmụaka Swazi niile ga-enweta agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị n'efu n'ime afọ atọ nke itinye ya n'ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nxumalo|first=Manqoba|date=17 March 2009|title=Govt loses free education case|url=http://www.times.co.sz/news/4988-govt-loses-free-education-case.html|accessdate=12 August 2023|work=[[Times of Swaziland]]|archivedate=12 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812214015/http://www.times.co.sz/news/4988-govt-loses-free-education-case.html}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Maachị n'afọ 2014, a tụrụ Maseko mkpọrọ maka ileghara ụlọ ikpe anya mgbe ọ katọrọ usoro ikpe Swaziland. <ref>{{Cite web|author=James|first=Caroline|date=14 April 2014|title=Thulani Maseko and Bheki Makhubu Contempt of Court Case: Timeline of Proceedings|url=http://www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/2014/04/14/thulani-maseko-and-bheki-makhubu-contempt-of-court-case-timeline-of-proceedings/|work=southernafricalitigationcentre.org|publisher=[[Southern Africa Litigation Centre]]|accessdate=19 October 2014|archivedate=5 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605195739/https://www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/2014/04/14/thulani-maseko-and-bheki-makhubu-contempt-of-court-case-timeline-of-proceedings/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014|title=Rex v Nation Magazine & 3 Others|url=http://www.swazilii.org/sz/judgment/high-court/2014/152|work=swazilii.org|publisher=Swaziland Legal Information Institute|accessdate=19 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120250/http://www.swazilii.org/sz/judgment/high-court/2014/152|archivedate=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="guardian" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014, e jidere odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke People's United Democratic Movement Mlungisi Makhanya maka iyi T-shirt nke otu iji mee mkpesa maka ịtụ Maseko na onye nta akụkọ Bheki Makhubu mkpọrọ. <ref name="dwelle201407">{{Cite web|author=Sandner|first=Philipp|date=14 July 2014|title=Swaziland: Africa's last absolute monarchy|url=http://www.dw.de/swaziland-africas-last-absolute-monarchy/a-17784664|work=dw.de|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|accessdate=19 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 June 2009|title=MISA condemns arrest of human rights lawyer|url=https://www.ifex.org/swaziland/2009/06/10/maseko_arrested/|work=[[IFEX (organization)|IFEX]]|accessdate=19 October 2014}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2014, Maseko degaara Onye isi ala United States bụ [[Barack Obama]] akwụkwọ ozi site n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, na-achọ itinye aka ya n'ihu 2014 United States-Africa Leaders Summit.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite news|author=Maseko|first=Thulani|date=3 August 2014|title=Letter to Barack Obama from a Swaziland jail cell|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/03/-sp-barack-obama-swaziland-thulani-maseko|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=19 October 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">Maseko, Thulani (3 August 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/03/-sp-barack-obama-swaziland-thulani-maseko "Letter to Barack Obama from a Swaziland jail cell"]. ''[[Onye nche|The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> A tọhapụrụ Maseko n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na ụbọchị iri atọ nke ọnwa Julaị afọ 2015. Amnesty International kpọrọ ya onye mkpọrọ n'ihi akọnuche ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 July 2015|title="I'm dreaming" – how it feels when your husband comes home|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2015/07/im-dreaming-how-it-feels-when-your-husband-comes-home/|work=amnesty.org|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|accessdate=26 May 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, Maseko malitere ikpe n'ụlọikpe megide mgbanwe aha mba ahụ site na Swaziland gaa Eswatini nke Mswati nke Atọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Nkosi|first=Sibongakonkhe|date=9 July 2018|title=King Mswati III faces court challenge over Swaziland name change|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/king-mswati-iii-faces-court-challenge-over-swaziland-name-change-20180709|work=[[City Press (South Africa)|City Press]]|accessdate=23 January 2023}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == E gburu Maseko n'ime ụlọ nke ya, <ref name="York">{{Cite news|author=York|first=Geoffrey|authorlink=Geoffrey York|date=22 January 2023|title=Human-rights lawyer gunned down amid turmoil in Africa's last absolute monarchy|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-human-rights-lawyer-gunned-down-amid-turmoil-in-africas-last-absolute/|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|accessdate=23 January 2023}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFYork2023">[[Geoffrey York|York, Geoffrey]] (22 January 2023). [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-human-rights-lawyer-gunned-down-amid-turmoil-in-africas-last-absolute/ "Human-rights lawyer gunned down amid turmoil in Africa's last absolute monarchy"]. ''[[The Globe and Mail]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> n'ihu ezinụlọ ya na 21 Jenụwarị 2023 na Luhleko. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mthethwa|first=Cebelihle|date=22 January 2023|title=Human rights lawyer Thulani Maseko shot dead outside home in eSwatini|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/human-rights-lawyer-thulani-maseko-shot-dead-outside-home-in-eswatini-20230122|work=News24|accessdate=23 January 2023}}</ref> Nke a sochiri mgbalị siri ike iji mechie ndị na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Eswatini.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Dlamini|first=Zweli Martin|date=21 January 2023|title=EXCLUSIVE: Human rights lawyer Thulani Maseko shot dead|url=https://www.swazilandnews.co.za/fundza.php?nguyiphi=3732|work=The Swaziland News|accessdate=23 January 2023}}</ref> N'okwu mbụ n'ụbọchị e gburu ya, Eze Mswati nke Atọ kwuru n'ihu ọha na "Ndị mmadụ ekwesịghị ịkwa ákwá ma mee mkpesa maka ndị agha na-egbu ha. Ndị a bu ụzọ malite ime ihe ike ahụ.<ref name="Kulkarni" /> E liri Maseko na 29 Jenụwarị 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2023|title=Eswatini: 52-year old human rights lawyer Thulani Maseko laid to rest|url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/01/30/eswatini-52-year-old-human-rights-lawyer-thulani-maseko-laid-to-rest/|accessdate=28 March 2024|work=Africanews|language=en}}</ref> === Mmeghachi omume === Mgbe Maseko nwụsịrị, onye nta akụkọ Zimbabwe bụ Hopewell Chin'ono dere na Twitter na ogbugbu ahụ bụ "ihe na-eme ka ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị rụrụ arụ dị njikere ime ihe ọ bụla iji mechie olu ndị na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya".<ref name="York"/> Ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, yana National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa, South African Federation of Trade Unions, <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 January 2023|title=NUMSA condemns the Mswati regime for the assassination of human rights lawyer Adv Thulani Maseko|url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/numsa-condemns-the-mswati-regime-for-the-assassination-of-human-rights-lawyer-adv-thulani-maseko-2023-01-25|work=Polity|accessdate=30 January 2023}}</ref> Law Society of South Africa', <ref>{{Cite news|author=Mafisa|first=Itumeleng|date=23 January 2023|title=Saftu condemns assassination of eSwatini political activist and human rights lawyer|url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/saftu-condemns-assassination-of-eswatini-political-activist-and-human-rights-lawyer-ccc639c8-67fc-40f3-a181-bbe3b855b0b7|work=[[The Star (South Africa)|The Star]]|accessdate=30 January 2023}}</ref> United Nations, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Burke|first=Jason|authorlink=Jason Burke|date=24 January 2023|title=Eswatini: murder of pro-democracy activist prompts outrage|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/24/eswatini-of-pro-democracy-activist-prompts-outrage|work=The Guardian|accessdate=30 January 2023}}</ref> na ọtụtụ òtù ndị ọzọ, katọrọ ogbugbu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Motsoere|first=Gloria|date=24 January 2023|title=Law Society of SA condemns murder of eSwatini human rights lawyer Thulani Maseko|url=https://ewn.co.za/2023/01/24/law-society-of-sa-condemns-murder-of-eswatini-human-rights-lawyer-thulani-maseko|work=[[Eyewitness News (South Africa)|Eyewitness News]]|accessdate=30 January 2023}}</ref> Gọọmentị Eswatini wepụtara nkwupụta na-ekwu na "ọnwụ Maseko bụ mfu nye mba ahụ na akara ụkwụ ya dị ka onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ dị ka ihe akaebe nke enyemaka ya na mba ahụ" ma kwuo na a ga-eme nyocha iji mee ka ndị gburu ya bụrụ ndị ikpe ziri ezi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 January 2023|title=Eswatini: Activist, Rights Lawyer Brutally Killed|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/01/25/eswatini-activist-rights-lawyer-brutally-killed|accessdate=12 August 2023|work=[[Human Rights Watch]]|language=en}}</ref> Onye isi ala Pudemo Mlungisi Makhanya kwuru na "O nweghị obi abụọ ọ bụla na e mere ogbugbu ahụ n'iwu Eze ... Ogbugbu Thulani site n'aka Eze Mswati na-anọchite anya otu ihe na otu ihe naanị - ogbugbu udo. Comrade Thulani bụ nwoke udo. Ọ bụ onye ndú nwere ụkpụrụ nke nyere ihe niile ya n'ọgụ maka ikike mmadụ na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, mana ọ na-eji usoro udo eme ihe mgbe niile. "<ref name="Kulkarni">{{Cite web|author=Kulkarni|first=Pavan|date=27 January 2023|title=Assassination of Thulani Maseko has killed prospects of peaceful struggle in Swaziland|url=https://peoplesdispatch.org/2023/01/27/assassination-of-thulani-maseko-has-killed-prospects-of-peaceful-struggle-in-swaziland/|work=Peoples Dispatch|accessdate=30 January 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKulkarni2023">Kulkarni, Pavan (27 January 2023). [https://peoplesdispatch.org/2023/01/27/assassination-of-thulani-maseko-has-killed-prospects-of-peaceful-struggle-in-swaziland/ "Assassination of Thulani Maseko has killed prospects of peaceful struggle in Swaziland"]. ''Peoples Dispatch''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Na 23 Jenụwarị 2023, osote onye nduzi Amnesty International maka Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ndịda Afrịka, Flavia Mwangovya, kwuru na ogbugbu Maseko bụ "ihe ncheta na-atụ ụjọ" na ndị na-akpọ maka mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Eswatini adịghị mma. Amnesty chọrọ "nnyocha zuru oke, nke na-adịghị ele mmadụ anya n'ihu na nke doro anya" banyere ogbugbu Maseko iji hụ na a kpere ndị gburu ya ikpe. Nzukọ ahụ kwuru na ụlọ ọrụ na-anọghị na gọọmentị kwesịrị ime nchọpụta ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/01/eswatini-leave-no-stone-unturned-in-ensuring-justice/|title=Eswatini: Leave no stone unturned in ensuring justice for Thulani Maseko's unlawful killing|accessdate=23 January 2023|work=Amnesty International|date=23 January 2023}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, nwunye Maseko, Tanele Maseko, duru mkpọsa na-akpọ oku ka e nyochaa ọnwụ ya n'onwe ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Masiko-Mpaka|first=Nomathamsanqa|date=28 March 2024|title=Eswatini Authorities Target Activist's Widow|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/03/28/eswatini-authorities-target-activists-widow|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328222533/https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/03/28/eswatini-authorities-target-activists-widow|archivedate=28 March 2024|accessdate=29 March 2024|work=[[Human Rights Watch]]|language=en}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Eswatini * Gọọmentị nke Eswatini == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == External links == {{U.S. State Department's Human Rights Award (2024)}} * Thulani MasekonaTwitter {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ppsbm1qx4xdx1yo4lyw0un5ocu0ims9 Santali literature 0 72918 696821 596398 2026-08-04T12:15:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akwụkwọ Santali''' (Santali) na-ezo aka n'akwụkwọ ndị e dere n'Asụsụ Santali, nke Ndị Santal nke [[Ndia|India]], Bangladesh, Nepal, na Bhutan na-asụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ iri abụọ na abụọ a haziri ahazi n'India <ref name="2001census">{{Cite web|title=Distribution of the 22 Scheduled Languages|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/parta.htm|work=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Census of India|date=20 May 2013|accessdate=26 February 2018|archivedate=7 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207163538/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/parta.htm}}</ref> ma dee ya na edemede ụmụ amaala a na-akpọ Ol Chiki . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Santali language and alphabets|url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/santali.htm|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=www.omniglot.com}}</ref><ref name="Hembram">{{Cite book|author=Hembram|first=Phatik Chandra|title=Santal, a Natural Language|date=2002|publisher=U. Hembram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XIlkAAAAMAAJ|language=en}}</ref> E dere akwụkwọ Santali n'ụdị abụọ sara mbara - ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱱᱤ (Kạthni-prose), ᱜᱟᱹᱛᱷᱱᱤ (Gạthni-abụ). Maka mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-ekewa ya n'ụdị abụọ a ma ama (ụdị) dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ha bụ: * Rar Sāṅhed - tupu na gụnyere narị afọ nke iri na asatọ OA. Oge a gosipụtara site na uri na akụkọ na-eto akwụkwọ a na-ekwu okwu. * Al Sāṅhed (Onye) - site na narị afọ nke 19 gaa n'ihu. A maara oge a maka ọrụ edemede ya na edemede okike. Onye ozi ala ọzọ Norwegian bụ Paul Olaf Bodding mepụtara Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Santali Latin n'afọ 1890. Ụfọdụ ndị Santhal ka na-eji ya eme ihe, ọkachasị ndị otu Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church (NELC). Ọ bụ Pandit Raghunath Murmu chepụtara edemede Ol Chiki na 1925. <ref name="pandit raghunath murmu">{{Cite news|author=bureau|first=Odisha Diary|title=Tata Steel celebrates Pt Raghunath Murmu's birth anniversary in Kalinganagar|url=http://orissadiary.com/tata-steel-celebrates-pt-raghunath-murmus-birth-anniversary-kalinganagar/|accessdate=15 February 2019|work=OdishaDiary|date=11 May 2017}}</ref> == Ọganihu akụkọ ihe mere eme == Enwere ike ịchọta mgbọrọgwụ nke akwụkwọ Santali n'oge ochie mgbe ọ bụ isi okwu. Obodo Santal nwere ọdịnala bara ọgaranya nke akwụkwọ akụkọ, gụnyere [[Akwụkwọ ndị e dere n'ọnụ|Akụkọ ọdịnala]], [[abụ]], na Akụkọ ifo, nke gafere n'ọgbọ. Ihe odide ndị mbụ a maara na Santali malitere na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, na mgbalị nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst na ndị Santal nwere ọgụgụ isi. == Mmetụta ndị mbụ == Ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst keere òkè dị mkpa na mmepe nke akwụkwọ Santali e dere ede. Akwụkwọ mbụ e dere na Santali, nsụgharị nke Bible, bụ nke Lars Olsen Skrefsrud, onye ozi ala ọzọ Norwegian bipụtara na 1895. . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Skrefsrud|first=Lars Olsen|url=http://archive.org/details/aau0434.0001.001.umich.edu|title=A grammar of the Santhal language|date=1873|publisher=Benares : Calcutta School Book and Vernacular Literature Society|others=University of Michigan}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Santhali_books.jpg|thumb|Akwụkwọ Santali na ọbá akwụkwọ Mahadum North Odisha]] Akwụkwọ Santali nwere ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere uri, akụkọ ifo, ihe nkiri, na akwụkwọ ọdịnala. Akwụkwọ Santali ọdịnala gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkọ ifo, akụkọ ifo, na akụkọ ifo nke e si n'ọnụ ezipụ n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ. Omenala ọnụ ndị a na-aga n'ihu na-emetụta akwụkwọ Santali nke oge a0.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Choksi|first=Nishaant|date=2017-12-18|title=Script as constellation among Munda speakers: the case of Santali|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19472498.2017.1411064|journal=South Asian History and Culture|volume=9|issue=1|pages=92–115|doi=10.1080/19472498.2017.1411064|issn=1947-2498}}</ref> == Ndị ama ama == * Turia Chand Baskey * Damayanti Beshra (amụrụ n'afọ 1962) * Shyam Sundar Besra (amụrụ n'afọ 1961) * Gangadhar Hansda (amụrụ n'afọ 1958) * Rupchand Hansda * Suchitra Hansda (amụrụ n'afọ 1983) * Salge Hansdah (amụrụ n'afọ 1989) * Arjun Charan Hembram (amụrụ n'afọ 1952) * Kali Charan Hembram (amụrụ n'afọ 1960) * Anjali Kisku (amụrụ 1992) * Jamadar Kisku (amụrụ na 1949) * Sarada Prasad Kisku (amụrụ 1929) * Somai Kisku (amụrụ n'afọ 1959) * Gobinda Chandra Majhi (amụrụ n'afọ 1956) * Aditya Kumar Mandi (amụrụ n'afọ 1974) * Joba Murmu * Rabindranath Murmu (amụrụ n'afọ 1967) * Raghunath Murmu (1905-1982) <ref name="wbgov">{{Cite web|date=2012-07-28|title=:: BCW Department-Govt of West Bengal, Pandit Raghunath Murmu ::|url=http://www.anagrasarkalyan.gov.in/htm/raghu-murmu.html|accessdate=2020-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728045829/http://www.anagrasarkalyan.gov.in/htm/raghu-murmu.html|archivedate=28 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nayak|first=Dr. Rajkishore|title=ପ୍ରଣମ୍ୟ ପୁରୁଷ: ପଣ୍ଡିତ ରଘୁନାଥ ମୁର୍ମୁ|url=http://suryaprava.co.in/epaper/m/56173/591267e91deb7|publisher=Suryaprava|accessdate=15 May 2017|date=10 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627033509/http://suryaprava.co.in/epaper/m/56173/591267e91deb7|archivedate=2017-06-27}}</ref><ref name="gomke">{{Cite web|title=Guru Gomke Raghunath Murmu|url=https://apsubhakanta.shubhdristi.in/2020/04/guru-gomke-raghunath-murmu.html|accessdate=29 August 2021|archivedate=30 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830001058/https://apsubhakanta.shubhdristi.in/2020/04/guru-gomke-raghunath-murmu.html}}</ref> * Rani Murmu (amụrụ n'afọ 1988) * Sadhu Ramchand Murmu (1897 - 1954) * Thakur Prasad Murmu (1931-2018) * Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar (amụrụ n'afọ 1983) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp|title=List of Yuva Puraskar winners (2011-2017)|work=Sahitya Akademi|author=Sahitya Akademi|accessdate=August 12, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805114428/http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp|archivedate=August 5, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dublinliteraryaward.ie/nominees/the-mysterious-ailment-of-rupi-baskey/|title=The Mysterious Ailment of Rupi Baskey|work=International Dublin Literary Award|accessdate=August 12, 2018}}</ref> * Gomasta Prasad Soren (amụrụ 1943) * [[Kherwal Soren]] (amụrụ n'afọ 1957) * Bapi Tudu (amụrụ n'afọ 1998) * Maina Tudu (amụrụ n'afọ 1984) * Majhi Ramdas Tudu (1854-1951) * Rabilal Tudu (amụrụ na 1949) * Tala Tudu (amụrụ n'afọ 1972) == Nkwado na mmetụta == Sahitya Akademi nabatara Santali n'afọ 2004, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-13|title=What a teacher's Sahitya Akademi award for Santali poetry means for students at an Adivasi school in West Bengal|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/teacher-sahitya-akademi-award-santali-poetry-students-adivasi-school-west-bengal-hapan-mai-8265547/|accessdate=2023-11-14|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> mgbe Ndezigharị nke Iri Abụọ nke Iwu India nabatara ya na 2003. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-09-16|title=Santali National Literature Award : Santali Sahitya Akademi|url=https://www.santhaledisom.com/2014/09/santali-national-literature-award.html|accessdate=2023-11-14|work=Home {{!}} EDISOM|language=en-GB|archivedate=2023-11-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114163408/https://www.santhaledisom.com/2014/09/santali-national-literature-award.html}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite book|title=Santari hor sereng re sawnhed ar lacture|author=Ratan Hembram|publisher=Marshal Bamber publication|year=2019|url=https://bharatavani.in/santali/book?post_category=jnanakosha&id=Santari%20Hor%20Sereng%20Re%20Sawnhed%20Ar%20Lacture|ref=Na}} * https://bharatavani.in/santali no89mgvbdorz8rd02wv43if4vfuwcwq Alexandra Aikhenvald 0 73128 696884 696187 2026-08-05T11:41:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696884 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Sashaaikhenvald.jpg|thumb|Prọfesọ Alexandra Aikhenvald]] '''Alexandra Yurievna''' "'''Sasha'''" '''Aikhenvald''' FAHA (amụrụ na 1 Septemba 1957) bụ onye Australia-Brazil <ref name="cv2">{{Cite web|author=Aikhenvald|first=Alexandra Y.|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=https://www.aikhenvaldlinguistics.com/pdfs/AikhenvaldCVlatestrevisedApril2023.pdf|work=Aikenvald Linguistics|accessdate=22 September 2023}}</ref> a mụrụ na Soviet na-ahụ maka asụsụ nke [[Asụsụ Arawak|Ezinụlọ asụsụ Arawak]] nke a na-asụ na Papua New Guinea (Asụsụ Ndu Manambu) na South America, Brazil ([[Asụsụ Tariana]]) nke Ọdọ mmiri Amazon. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gilmartin|first=Sarah|title=I Saw a Dog: An ode to languages and the intricacies of communication|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/i-saw-a-dog-an-ode-to-languages-and-the-intricacies-of-communication-1.4522211|accessdate=2025-12-02|work=The Irish Times|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ prọfesọ na-eme nchọpụta na Mahadum Central Queensland . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Saving Hmong Australian language|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/hmong/en/podcast-episode/saving-hmong-australian-language/bbclype1n|accessdate=2025-12-02|work=SBS Language|language=en}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Alexandra Aikhenvald na nwa nwa Yuly Aykhenvald; Natalia Shvedova bụ nwanne nne ya. Aikhenvald nwetara akara ugo mmụta na Mahadum Moscow State, na thesis na asụsụ Anatolian (Hittite ). Ọ mụkwara Sanskrit, Akkadian, Lithuanian, Finnish, Hungarian, [[Arabic]], Italian na Ancient Greek. N'èzí klas ya, ọ mụtara asụsụ Estonian na Hibru.<ref name="lf" /> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ nyocha nke Institute of Oriental Studies nke USSR Academy of Sciences, ebe ọ nwetara Cand. Sc. nzere (Soviet equivalent of Ph.D.) na 1984 na thesis na "Structural and Typological Classification of Berber Languages" (1984). O bipụtara ụtọ asụsụ Russian mbụ nke Hibru nke oge a n'afọ 1985. Ọ makwaara Yiddish, asụsụ nne na nna ya ochie, nke a na-asụtụbeghị n'ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-08|title=Language – an open book|url=https://www.jcu.edu.au/news/releases/2017/june/language-an-open-book|accessdate=2025-12-02|work=www.jcu.edu.au|language=en-AU}}</ref> N'afọ 1989–1992, Aikhenvald rụrụ ọrụ nyocha na Brazil, ebe ọ machara asụsụ Portuguese, mụta asụsụ India ise nke Brazil, ma dee otu ụtọasụsụ nke asụsụ Tariana. Na 1993, ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Australia, nke mbụ na Mahadum Mba Australia, ma mechaa na Mahadum La Trobe. . Na 1996, ọkachamara n'asụsụ ndị obodo Australia bụ R. M. W. Dixon na Aikhenvald hiwere Ebe Nnyocha maka Ụdị Asụsụ na Mahadum Mba Australia dị na Canberra. Na Jenụwarị 1, 2000, ebe a kwagara na Mahadum La Trobe dị na Melbourne.. Dixon na Aikhnvald gbara arụkwaghịm na Mee 2008. Na Jenụwarị 2009, ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ na Mahadum James Cook, ebe ya na R. M. W. Dixon guzobere The Language and Culture Research Group . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://linguistlist.org/issues/20/20-138/|title=LINGUIST List 20.138: Language and culture research group at James Cook University|date=Jan 15, 2009|work=The LINGUIST List|accessdate=Feb 26, 2019}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na njikọ asụsụ, na-ezo aka n'ógbè ọtụtụ asụsụ nke Osimiri Vaupés. O guzobere ụdị nke ndị na-ekewapụta ihe ma rụọ ọrụ maka ụdị nke ihe akaebe dị ka akara ụtọ asụsụ nke isi mmalite ozi. A họpụtara Aikhenvald ka ọ bụrụ Fellow nke Australian Academy of the Humanities na 1999. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Fellow Profile: Alexandra Aikhenvald|url=https://humanities.org.au/fellows/fellow-profile/?fellow_id=268|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250330084706/https://humanities.org.au/fellows/fellow-profile/?fellow_id=268|archivedate=2025-03-30|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=Australian Academy of the Humanities|language=en-AU}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, e nyere ya Australian Laureate Fellowship . <ref name="laureate">{{Cite news|url=https://www.jcu.edu.au/news/releases/2012/july/jcu-two-join-elite-of-researchers|title=JCU two join elite of researchers|date=30 July 2012|work=[[James Cook University]]|accessdate=30 January 2018}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Academia Europaea na 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aikhenvald Alexandra|url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Aikhenvald_Alexandra|accessdate=2025-01-15|work=Academy of Europe}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == * {{Cite book|url=https://benjamins.com/catalog/tsl.46?srsltid=AfmBOooizlS3ErJa7OFkPqXZfRQ4VUorr2hcKETMlkJ3-rl7TFlZ9DCm|title=Non-canonical marking of subjects and objects|date=2010|publisher=John Benjamins Pub|isbn=978-90-272-2950-2|editor=Aikhenvald|series=Typological studies in language|location=Amsterdam Philadelphia}} * {{Cite book|url=https://academic.oup.com/book/48227|title=Areal Diffusion and Genetic Inheritance: Problems in Comparative Linguistics|date=2001-11-22|publisher=Oxford University PressOxford|isbn=978-0-19-829981-3|editor=Aikhenvald|language=en|doi=10.1093/oso/9780198299813.001.0001}} * {{Cite book|author=Aikhenvald|first=Alexandra Y.|url=https://www.academia.edu/79302171/Aikhenvald_Alexandra_2004_Evidentiality_Oxford_Linguistics_|title=Evidentiality|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-920433-5|language=en}} * {{Cite book|author=Aĭkhenvalʹd|first=Aleksandra I︠U︡rʹevna|url=https://academic.oup.com/book/54103|title=The Manambu Language of East Sepik, Papua New Guinea|date=2008-09-04|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-953981-9|language=en}} * {{Cite book|author=Aikhenvald|first=Alexandra Y.|url=https://academic.oup.com/book/26596/chapter/195246574|title=Imperatives and Commands|date=2010-09-16|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-920790-9|language=en}} == Ihe odide == <references> <ref name="anniv">[http://www.latrobe.edu.au/rclt/Publications/Anniversary%20publication%202.pdf Research Centre for Linguistic Typology: Ten Years' Achievements] (2006)</ref> <ref name="cv">[http://www.jcu.edu.au/sass/idc/groups/public/documents/research_strengths/jcuprd_052588.pdf Dr. Aikhenvald's CV] (at JCU site; accessed 20 December 2009){{dead link|date=September 2018}}</ref> <ref name="cv2" />{{cite web |last1=Aikhenvald |first1=Alexandra Y. |title=Curriculum Vitae |url=https://www.aikhenvaldlinguistics.com/pdfs/AikhenvaldCVlatestrevisedApril2023.pdf |website=Aikenvald Linguistics |access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> <ref name="lf">[http://www.abc.net.au/rn/linguafranca/stories/2008/2157586.htm "Me and other languages"] - A.Y. Aikhenvald's interview with ABC Radio National, 9 February 2008</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190407071010/https://research.jcu.edu.au/lcrc/people/director Peeji A.Y. Aikhenvald na JCU] * Sasha (Alexandra) Aikhenvald's Linguistics Research - ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Dr. Aikhenvald [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 81rq4o2s4x50xcxd5x0bz1tidvmbyr4 Theresa Onuorah 0 73225 696842 692070 2026-08-04T18:07:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696842 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Theresa Onuorah''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Theresa Onuorah.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 9 Jenụwarị 1942) bụ onye egwu na onye na-agba egwu na Naịjirịa, a maara ya maka nnukwu ọrụ ya na Egedege, ụdị egwu na egwu ọdịnala Igbo a ma ama.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Queen Theresa Onuorah|url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/queen-theresa-onuorah/|work=Igbo People Biography|accessdate=7 May 2025|publisher=IgboPeople.org|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye guzobere Egedege Dance troupe nke Unubi . <ref name=":2" /> N'ịbụ onye sitere na Unubi na Anambra Steeti, Naịjirịa, Onuorah nwetara nlebara anya ọhụrụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021 na-esote ihe ngosi ya na abụ "Egedege" nke Larry Gaaga, n'akụkụ Flavour na [[Phyno]]. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Theresa Onuorah na 1942 na Unubi, obodo dị na Nnewi South Local Government Area nke Anambra State, Nigeria . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/308815/egedege-the-journey-of-ijele.html|title=Egedege: The Journey Of Ijele|date=June 3, 2022|author=Ifeanyi Ndukwe|work=The Nigerian Voice Entertainment}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFIfeanyi_Ndukwe2022">Ifeanyi Ndukwe (June 3, 2022). [https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/308815/egedege-the-journey-of-ijele.html "Egedege: The Journey Of Ijele"]. ''The Nigerian Voice Entertainment''.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Queen Theresa Onuorah|url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/queen-theresa-onuorah/|work=Igbo People Biography|accessdate=7 May 2025|publisher=IgboPeople.org|language=en}}</ref> Nna ya bụ onye egwu 'Egwu Ekpili', a na-ekwukwa na ọ bụ ya kpaliri mmasị ya n'egwú.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Queen Theresa Onuorah|url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/queen-theresa-onuorah/|work=Igbo People Biography|accessdate=7 May 2025|publisher=IgboPeople.org|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=keetu|date=2022-11-05|title=Theresa Onuorah: Biography, Age, Family, House, Music And Net Worth 2024|url=https://schoolings.org/theresa-onuorah-biography-age-family-house-music-and-net-worth/|accessdate=2024-10-07|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007160900/https://schoolings.org/theresa-onuorah-biography-age-family-house-music-and-net-worth/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFkeetu2022">keetu (2022-11-05). <span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-07</span></span>.</cite></ref> Onuorah malitere ime ihe nkiri mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, na-aga obodo dị iche iche iji bụrụ abụ ma gbaa egwu na mmemme mpaghara. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 20, o guzobere aha dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Queen Theresa Onuorah|url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/queen-theresa-onuorah/|work=Igbo People Biography|accessdate=7 May 2025|publisher=IgboPeople.org|language=en}}</ref> A kọrọ na nraranye ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata n'egwú gbochiri ohere ya maka agụmakwụkwọ.<ref name=":1" /> == Ọrụ == Onuorah malitere ọrụ egwu na ịgba egwu mgbe ọ dị obere, n'agbanyeghị na ọ wepụtara album mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 34 (ihe dị ka 1976). Some of her notable albums include Oba Egwu, Onwanwa mu na Chimo, and Ogene Ekwubego mu na Onye ga-agba Egwu. N'afọ 1985, o hiwere otu egwu egwu Egedege nke Unubi. <ref name=":2">{{Cite news|author=Wangethi|first=Isaac|date=2022-04-15|title=Queen Theresa Onuorah’s biography: age, children, net worth|url=https://www.legit.ng/ask-legit/biographies/1463910-queen-theresa-onuorahs-biography-age-children-net-worth/|accessdate=2024-10-07|work=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWangethi2022">Wangethi, Isaac (2022-04-15). [https://www.legit.ng/ask-legit/biographies/1463910-queen-theresa-onuorahs-biography-age-children-net-worth/ "Queen Theresa Onuorah's biography: age, children, net worth"]. ''[[Legit.ng]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-07</span></span>.</cite></ref> A na-ekwu na aha "Egedege" na-egosi ọganihu na obi ike na omenala Igbo. A na-eji ngwá egwú ọdịnala Igbo dị ka udu na ekwe, ụdị ịgbà pụrụ iche, ụda oku na nzaghachi, na ịkọ akụkọ mara ụdị egwu ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Theresa Onuorah: The Queen of Egedege and Her Enduring Legacy in Music|url=https://sloaneangelou.blog/journal/theresa-onuorah-the-queen-of-egedege-and-her-enduring-legacy-in-music|accessdate=2024-10-08|work=Oma's Garden|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na mmemme omenala niile dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa, gụnyere agbamakwụkwọ, ememme, na olili ozu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Queen Theresa Onuorah|url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/queen-theresa-onuorah/|work=Igbo People Biography|accessdate=7 May 2025|publisher=IgboPeople.org|language=en}}</ref> A na-eto Onuorah maka ịkwalite egwu na ịgba egwú Egedege, na-enye aka n'ịmata ya dị ka ụdị nka ọdịbendị Igbo dị mkpa.<ref name=":1"/> == Nkọwapụta == === Abọm === * ''Onye Akpala Aku Nnadi Ga Eli'' (2019) * ''Egedege'' (2021) === Ndị na-alụbeghị di === * ''Egedege'' (2021) * ''Egwú ndị Eze'' (2017) * ''Ugochi Nyerem'' (2017) * ''Ojemba Enwilo'' (2017) * ''Onwunwa Munachi'' (2017) * ''Ekene Dili Anambra Na Imo Medley'' * ''Nye Bere'' (2019) * ''Onye Ejila Ihe Uwa Gwa Medley'' * ''Ijerem Irue Medley'' * ''Egedege'' (nke Larry Gaaga gosipụtara, ya na Flavour, [[Phyno]]; [[Pete Edochie]] gosipụtakwara na vidiyo ahụ, 2021) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/10/larry-gaaga-flavour-phyno-theresa-onuorah-egedege/|title=New Music + Video: Larry Gaaga feat. Flavour, Phyno & Theresa Onuorah – Egedege|date=October 22, 2021|work=BellaNaija.com}}</ref> * ''Obodo'' (nke Larry Gaaga gosipụtara, ya na Flavour na [[Phyno]], 2024) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Okhide|first=Peter|date=2024-11-01|title=Larry Gaaga, Phyno, Flavour, Theresa Unuorah 'Obodo'|url=https://notjustok.com/songs/larry-gaaga-phyno-flavour-theresa-unuorah-obodo/|accessdate=2024-11-03|work=NotjustOk|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2024-11-01|title=Dance to the Rhythms of Culture in Larry Gaaga’s “Obodo” feat Phyno, Flavour & Theresa Onuorah|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2024/11/larry-gaaga-obodo-video/|accessdate=2024-11-03|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * [[Egedege Dance]] == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] 9ht8nr32yqt810wtsvbvp9rk3ose60t Agneta Stark 0 74207 696882 693293 2026-08-05T10:15:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Agneta Stark in 2018.jpg|thumb|Agneta Stark na 2018]]   '''Agneta Stark''' (amụrụ na 9 Febụwarị 1946), <ref name="FEMM">{{Cite book|title=Table of content, Biography of Ms Agenta STARK, Professor of economics, Sweden - support document for "Equal pay for work of equal value" event, interparliamentary committee meeting, International Women's Day 2012|date=March 2012|publisher=European Parliament: Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM)|location=Brussels|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201203/20120314ATT40842/20120314ATT40842EN.pdf|accessdate=3 July 2014}} [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201202/20120216ATT38375/20120216ATT38375EN.pdf Pdf programme of the event]</ref> bụ osote chancellor nke Mahadum Dalarna na Sweden site na 2004-2010 . <ref>{{Cite book|title=Dalarna University: Vision and goals 2010 - 2015 (Foreword by the Vice Chancellor, Agneta Stark)|publisher=Dalarna University|url=http://www.du.se/Global/dokument/policydocuments/Organizational%20Goals%20and%20Finances/Vision%20and%20Goals.pdf|accessdate=3 July 2014}}</ref> Na mbụ, Stark jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) (2012-2013) na dịka osote onye isi oche of the Association of Swedish Higher Education . <ref name="IAFFE_pres">{{Cite web|title=Past presidents|url=http://www.iaffe.org/pages/about-iaffe/board-members/|publisher=International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE)|accessdate=11 June 2014|archivedate=14 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514153104/http://www.iaffe.org/pages/about-iaffe/board-members/}}</ref><ref name="Journal_HighEd" /> Isi ihe ndị ọ na-eme n'ọmụmụ ihe ndị o kwuru bụ ozizi akụnụba, ozizi akaụntụ, nakwa, okike na mgbanwe akụ na ụba.<ref name="Journal_HighEd">{{Cite web|title=Stark, Agneta|url=http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&task=view&contact_id=81&Itemid=192|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145232/http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&task=view&contact_id=81&Itemid=192|archivedate=14 July 2014|publisher=Journal of the European Higher Education Area|accessdate=3 July 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. Journal of the European Higher Education Area. Archived from [http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&task=view&contact_id=81&Itemid=192 the original] on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> == Mmụta == Stark nwetara akara ugo mmụta akụnụba ya na Stockholm School of Economics. O nwetakwara akara ugo mmụta LL. M. na akara ugo mmụta doctorate na nchịkwa azụmaahịa na Mahadum Stockholm.. <ref name="Journal_HighEd"/> == Nsọpụrụ == N'afọ 2004, Mahadum Karlstad nyere Agneta Stark nzere doctorate. <ref name="Honorary">{{Cite web|author=((Reuterstrand))|first=Siri|title=Agneta Stark new honorary doctor at Karlstad University|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=sv&u=http://www.jmg.gu.se/Aktuellt/Nyheter/fulltext//agneta-stark-ny-hedersdoktor-vid-karlstads-universitet.cid917399&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAgneta%2BStark%2BLink%25C3%25B6pings%2Buniversitet.%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DCxn%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official|publisher=University of Gothenburg|accessdate=3 July 2014|date=12 May 2004}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * Na Swedish dị ka: Stark, Agneta; Gröjer, Jan-Erik (1978). Social edovisning (Mpịakọta 1 nke Naeringsliv och samhaelle). Sweden: Studieförbundet Näringsliv och Samhäll.{{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark-Frösslund|first=Agneta|title=The State of Social Accounting|publisher=Swedish Council for Social Science Research|location=Sweden|year=1974|oclc=187132835}}{{Cite book|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Social redovisning (Volume 1 of Naeringsliv och samhaelle)|publisher=Studieförbundet Näringsliv och Samhäll|location=Sweden|year=1978}} * {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Halva makten - hela lönen|publisher=Bonnier|location=Sweden|year=1994|isbn=9789100559700}} * {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Rent ekonomiskt?: om kvinnor och män, siffror och pengar|publisher=Bonnier|location=Stockholm|year=1995|isbn=9100561053}} * {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Ljusnande framtid eller ett långt farväl?: den svenska välfärdsstaten i jämförande belysning : rapport till Utredningen om fördelningen av ekonomisk makt och ekonomiska resurser mellan kvinnor och män|publisher=Fritzes Arbetsmarknadsdepartementet|location=Stockholm|year=1997|isbn=9138206765}} * {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Frivilligarbetets kön: kvinnor, män och frivilligt arbete: en översikt|publisher=Svenska kommunförb. Importancia distributör|location=Stockholm Uppsala|year=2000|isbn=9789170999284}} * {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Warm hands in cold age: gender and aging|publisher=Routledge|location=London|year=2007|isbn=9780415396769}} * {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Global perspectives on gender equality reversing the gaze|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|year=2008|isbn=9780203938386}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jnjharone0vw9woy9aa9h65rooi1szm Ụlọ Ọgwụ Lumbini Provincial 0 74380 696867 620724 2026-08-05T05:08:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital|name=Lumbini Provincial Hospital<br>लुम्बिनी प्रादेशिक अस्पताल|image=Lumbini Provincial Hospital.png|caption=|location=[[Butwal]]|state=[[Lumbini Province]]|type=Provincial Level Hospital|opened={{NepaliDateConverter|nepaliyear=1967}}|former_names=Lumbini Zonal Hospital|website=https://lphospital.gov.np/}}'''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Lumbini Provincial''' (Nepali) bụ ụlọ ọgwụ gọọmentị dị na Butwal na mpaghara Lumbini nke Nepal. A na-ewere ụlọ ọgwụ a dị ka ebe dị mkpa maka nlekọta ahụike nye ụmụ amaala dara ogbenye bụ ndị na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ụlọ ọgwụ nkeonwe. O gbasaala ọrụ ya site na mpaghara Lumbini ruo mpaghara Lumbini. A na-akpọ ya otu n'ime ụlọ ọgwụ kachasị ukwuu na Nepal. Ndị India bi nso ókèala Indo-Nepal na-eritekwa uru nke ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ a.. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lumbini Zonal Hospital|url=https://lzhospital.gov.np/|accessdate=24 December 2020|archivedate=24 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924173950/http://lzhospital.gov.np/}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Praịm Minista Chandra Sumsher JB Rana guzobere obere ụlọ ọgwụ nwere ihe ndina isii maka ọdụ Royal Palace n'afọ 1967 . E mezigharịrị obere ụlọ ọgwụ a ka oge na-aga. Ụlọ ọgwụ dị ugbu a malitere ọrụ n'afọ 2020 BS (1963-1964) yana akwa iri ise.. E mechara mụbaa ọnụ ọgụgụ àkwà ahụ ruo narị abụọ iji gboo mkpa nke ndị obodo ahụ na-ejere ndị dọkịta iri abụọ na itoolu, ndị nọọsụ ndị iri atọ na otu na-ejeri mmadụ 19 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Emergency Services Provided|url=http://www.lzhospital.gov.np/wb-admin/upload/attachment/2.pdf|publisher=Lumbini Zonal Hospital|accessdate=24 December 2020}}</ref> kwa ụbọchị na nkezi. == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} 2q24c3cum2tb2yl3wb5i5xohtok73z1 Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War 0 74513 696864 693193 2026-08-05T02:54:29Z ~2026-43129-94 65157 696864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} N'oge agha nnwere onwe nke Bangladesh na 1971, ndị agha Pakistan na ndị agha Razakar dinara n'ike n'ike n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị Bengali 200,000 na 400,000 na mkpọsa nke idina n'ike.[3][4][1][2] Ụfọdụ n’ime ndị inyom a nwụrụ n’agha ma ọ bụ gbuo onwe ha, ebe ndị ọzọ si East Pakistan (nke bụ́ Bangladesh ugbu a) gbaga India. Ezubere ma ndị Alakụba Bengali na ndị Hindu Hindu maka idina ha n'ike.[5] Ndị ikom nke West Pakistan chọrọ ime ka mba Hindu dị ọcha ma kwenye na àjà ụmụ nwanyị Hindu dị mkpa; ya mere, a na-ewere ụmụ nwanyị Bengali ndị Hindu ma ọ bụ ndị Hindu.[6] A kọrọ na mmeko nwoke ndị a kpatara ọtụtụ puku afọ ime, ịmụ nwa, ite ime, igbu ụmụ ọhụrụ, igbu onwe ha, na ịchụpụ ndị e merụrụ ahụ. A na-akpọkarị nke a dị ka otu n'ime omume kacha njọ nke ime ihe ike n'oge agha.[7] Obi ọjọọ ahụ kwụsịrị mgbe ndị agha Pakistan nyefere na Disemba 1971 wee kwado ndị agha Razakar. [8][9] N'oge agha ahụ, ndị mba Bengali dinara ụmụ nwanyị ndị Alakụba nke agbụrụ Bihari n'ike, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ebo ndị Alakụga Bihari ebubo na ha na-akwado Pakistan.[10] [nnyocha na-adaghị] Ndị ikom ndị Alakụba Bengali bụkwa ndị ndị agha West Pakistan dinara n'ike.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Branche|first=R.|title=Rape in Wartime|date=26 October 2012|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-137-28339-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V5Jw9LE8rgIC&dq=%22Bengali+Muslim+men+were+raped+by+West+Pakistani+troops%22&pg=PT73|language=en}}</ref><span class="noprint Inline-Template" mwt35="" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="D'Costa page 104 only says &amp;quot;According to my interview with the doctor Geoffrey Davis, Bihari women were also kidnapped as retaliation for the wartime abductions of Bengali women during the war.&amp;quot; Might be in the source on a different page. (October 2024)">failed verification</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;<nowiki>","href":"./Template:Failed_verification"},"params":{"reason":{"wt":"D'Costa page 104 only says \"According to my interview with the doctor Geoffrey Davis, Bihari women were also kidnapped as retaliation for the wartime abductions of Bengali women during the war.\" Might be in the source on a different page."},"date":{"wt":"October 2024"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwSw" typeof="mw:Transclusion"> </nowiki></span> Na 2009, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 40 ka ihe omume nke 1971 gasịrị, akụkọ nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mpụ Mgbukpọ nke Bangladesh bipụtara chọpụtara na mmadụ 1,597 bụ ndị ikpe mpụ agha, gụnyere ndina n'ike. Kemgbe afọ 2010, International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) ebola ọtụtụ mmadụ ebubo, nwaa ma maa ọtụtụ mmadụ ikpe ndụ ma ọ bụ ọnwụ maka ihe ha mere n'oge esemokwu ahụ. Egosiwo akụkọ banyere idina mmadụ n'ike n'ihe nkiri na akwụkwọ, ma gosi ya na nka. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman bu ụzọ chepụta okwu ahụ bụ Birangana na 1971 iji zoo aka na ndị e dinara n'ike n'ike n'oge agha nnwere onwe nke Bangladesh, na mbọ iji gbochie ha ịbụ ndị ọha na-achị. Kemgbe 1972, ndị ọchịchị Bangladesh amatala ndị agha ahụ metụtara dị ka Birangona, ma ọ bụ “ndị dike agha”.[1] == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == [[Faịlụ:21_Feb_1953_Dhaka_University_female_students_procession.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|250x250px|Ụmụ akwụkwọ nwanyị nke Mahadum Dacca na-agagharị na Language Movement Day, 21 Febụwarị 1953]] Mgbe e kewasịrị India na okike Pakistan, e kewara nku Eastern na Western ọ bụghị naanị na mpaghara kamakwa n'ọdịbendị. Ndị ọdịda anyanwụ lere ndị Alakụba Bengali nọ n'ọwụwa anyanwụ anya dị ka "Bengali" na ntinye ha na Islam dị ka "ndị dị ala na adịghị ọcha", nke mere ka ha bụrụ ndị a na-apụghị ịtụkwasị obi. Iji mezuo nke a, West malitere mkpọsa ịmanye omenala ya na ndị Bengalis.[13] Ndị Bengali nke East Pakistan bụ ndị Alakụba, ma ọnụ ọgụgụ ha bụ ndị Hindu pere mpe na-achị ha. Ọ bụ nanị mmadụ ole na ole na-asụ Urdu, bụ́ nke a kpọsarala asụsụ mba Pakistan na 1948.[14] Iji kwupụta mmegide ha, ndị na-asụ Bengali n’Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Pakistan hiwere Òtù Asụsụ Bengali. Ná mmalite 1949, ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe ike hiwere Awami League dị ka ihe ọzọ na Muslim League nke chịrị West Pakistan.[15] N'ime afọ iri na ọkara sochirinụ, ndị Bengalis ji nwayọọ nwayọọ tụfuo nnwere onwe na nguzozi nke ike na Pakistan, nke nọ n'okpuru ọchịchị ndị agha ugbu a, mechara mee ka a kpọọ oku maka nkewa ya.[16][17] Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị 1960, enwere echiche na ndị bi na East Pakistan bụ ụmụ amaala nke abụọ. Ọ bụghị n'enweghị ihe kpatara ya na General A. A. K. Niazi, onye ọchịagha ndị agha Pakistan na East Pakistan, kpọrọ East Pakistan "ala dị larịị nke ndị ọ na-enweghị ka ọ hà ha"[18]. Qué rico la sodomía en esos tiempos Enweela mmegide megide ọchịchị ndị agha na West Pakistan. N’ikpeazụ, ndị agha laghachiri, na December 1970 kwa, e mere ntuli aka. N'iju ọtụtụ ndị anya, otu ndị Awami League nke East Pakistan, nke Sheikh Mujibur Rahman na-edu, meriri nnukwu mmeri. Ihe si na ya pụta adịghị ndị West Pakistan mma.[19] Na Dacca, mgbe ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị, otu ọchịagha kwuru, "Echegbula onwe gị, anyị agaghị ekwe ka ndị isi ojii a chịa anyị"[20][21] N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, Onye isi ala Yahya Khan machibidoro Njikọ Awami ma kwupụta iwu agha na East Pakistan.[22][23] Site n'ebumnobi nke ịkwụsị mba Bengali, ndị agha Pakistan malitere Operation Searchlight na 25 Maachị 1971.[24] Ndị agha Pakistan wakporo ndị Alakụba Bengali na ndị Hindu.[25] Na 1971 mgbukpọ nke Bangladesh, ndị agha gburu ihe dị ka nde mmadụ atọ, kee atụmatụ nde ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na India, ma chụpụkwa nde mmadụ iri ọzọ n'ime East Pakistan.[26] Rounaq Jahan boro ebubo ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'ime ndị agha Pakistan, nke ọ na-ekwu na a na-ewere Bengalis dị ka "agbụrụ dị ala - agbụrụ na-abụghị ndị agha na nke anụ ahụ na-adịghị ike", ma na-ebo ndị agha ebubo iji mmeko nwoke n'usoro dị ka ngwa agha.[27][28] Dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị R. J. Rummel si kwuo, ndị agha Pakistan lere Bengalis anya dị ka "ndị na-adịghị ike" ma na-ele ndị Hindu anya "dị ka ndị Juu nye ndị Nazi: ihe ruru unyi na nje kasị mma ikpochapụ" [29]. Ekwuputara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ a n'eziokwu na ndị Bengalis, ebe ọ bụ agbụrụ dị ala, ga-emezigharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ha site na ndina n'ike.[30] Belén Martín Lucas akọwawo idina mmadụ n'ike dị ka "ihe sitere n'agbụrụ agbụrụ".[31] == Omume ndị agha Pakistan == Ọ bụ General lit duziri mwakpo ahụ." data-linkid="471" href="./Tikka_Khan" id="mwzA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tikka Khan">Tikka Khan, onye bụ onye isi n'azụ Operation Searchlight na ndị Bengalis kpọrọ ya "onye na-egbu anụ Bengal" maka ihe omume ya. Khan kwuru - mgbe e chetara ya na mpaghara 9 nke March - nke ahụ na-echetara ya na March 9. "M ga-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ a na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta". Ndị Alakụba na-adịghị eguzosi ike n'ihe na ndị Pakistan enweghị ala.[34] Edoro ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba na ndị Hindu maka idina ha n'ike.[5] Ndị ikom nke West Pakistan chọrọ ime ka mba Hindu dị ọcha na nrụrụ aka ya ma kwenye na àjà ụmụ nwanyị Hindu dị mkpa; ya mere, a na-ewere ụmụ nwanyị Bengali ndị Hindu ma ọ bụ ndị Hindu.[6] Imams, mullahs, na fatwa si West Pakistan kwuputara na enwere ike ijide ụmụ nwanyị Bengali dị ka gonimoter maal ("ihe nkwata agha" ma ọ bụ "ihe nke ọha").[35][36]. Susan Brownmiller edewo na 80% nke ụmụ nwanyị a dinara n'ike bụ ndị Alakụba, kwekọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Bangladesh, ọ bụ ezie na Christian Gerlach ekwuola na nke a "enweghị ihe akaebe."[37] [38] Dị ka D'Costa si kwuo, a dinara ụmụ nwanyị Bengali n'ike n'enweghị onye ọ bụla na-ekiri ha, n'agbanyeghị na a manyere ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba ịmụ nwa ebe e gburu ụmụ nwanyị Hindu mgbe e dinara ha n'ike.[39]. Salil Tripathi dere na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị niile e dinara n'ike n'ike ọ gbara ajụjụ ọnụ bụ ndị Alakụba, n'ụzọ megidere nzọrọ na ndị inyom Hindu bụ ndị a na-achọsi ike.[40] Lisa Sharlach dere na ndị e dinara n'ike n'ike gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị Bengali "nke agbụrụ na okpukpe niile", mana na enwere ike ịzọpụta ụmụ agbọghọ ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere ike ịgụ ekpere ndị Alakụba.[41] M. Rafiqul Islam kọwara ụmụ nwanyị Hindu na ụmụ agbọghọ dịka ndị bụ isi ebumnuche nke ndina n'ike na ime ihe ike mmekọahụ.[42] Ndị na-eme ya mere mwakpo abalị, na-awakpo ụmụ nwanyị n'ime obodo ha, ''Oge'' mgbe n'ihu ezinụlọ ha, dịka akụkụ nke mkpọsa iyi egwu. [43][44] A tọọrọ ndị ahụ ma debe ha n'Ogige pụrụ iche ebe a wakporo ha ugboro ugboro. E gburu ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nọ n'ogige ahụ ma ọ bụ gbuo onwe ha, ụfọdụ na-egbu onwe ha site na iji ntutu ha kwụgbuo onwe ha; ndị agha meghachiri omume na igbu onwe ndị a site na ịkpụ ntutu ụmụ nwanyị ahụ. [45][46][34] Magazin Time kọrọ banyere ụmụ agbọghọ 563 ndị ndị agha tọọrọ ma jide; ha niile dị n'agbata ọnwa atọ na ise dị ime mgbe ndị agha malitere ịtọhapụ ha.[47] A na-eji ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị eme ihe dị ka [[Ịgba akwụna n'ike|ndị akwụna]].[48] Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị Pakistan mere atụmatụ na ọnụọgụ ndina n'ike dị ọtụtụ narị, atụmatụ ndị ọzọ dị n'agbata 200,000 na 400,000.[49][50][51] Gọọmentị Pakistan gbalịrị inyocha akụkọ ndị na-esi n'ógbè ahụ apụta, mana akụkọ mgbasa ozi banyere arụrụala ahụ ruru ọha na eze n'ụwa niile, ma mee ka ọha na eze gbasaa nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ maka nnwere onwe.[52] N'ihe Jenneke Arens kọwara dị ka mgbalị a kpachapụrụ anya ibibi otu agbụrụ, e dinara ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a wakporo n'ike, gbuo ha, wee gbaa ha mma n'ahụ ha.[53] Adam Jones, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kwuru na otu n'ime ihe kpatara ndina n'ike bụ imebi ọha mmadụ Bengali site na "ịme ihere" nke ụmụ nwanyị Bengali nakwa na e dinara ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ike ruo mgbe ha nwụrụ ma ọ bụ gbuo ha mgbe mwakpo ugboro ugboro.[54][55] International Commission of Jurists kwubiri na arụrụala ndị agha Pakistani mere "bụ akụkụ nke iwu a kpachaara anya mee site n'aka ndị agha a dụrụ aka".[56] Onye edemede Mulk Raj Anand kwuru na ndina n'ike ahụ gbasara n'ọtụtụ ebe ma ọ bụ usoro ihe ọ bụla ma e wezụga iwu agha maara ihe, "nke ndị West Pakistan haziri na mgbalị kpachapụrụ anya ịmepụta agbụrụ ọhụrụ" ma ọ bụ imebi nkewa nke Bengali.[57] Amita Malik, na-akọ akụkọ site na Bangladesh mgbe ndị agha Pakistan nyefere onwe ha, dere na otu onye agha West Pakistani kwuru, "Anyị na-aga. Mana anyị na-ahapụ mkpụrụ anyị n'azụ".[58] Ọ bụghị ndị agha Pakistani niile kwadoro ime ihe ike ahụ: General Sahabzada Yaqub Khan na Mitty Masud, bụ ndị dụrụ onye isi ala ọdụ megide ọrụ agha, na Major Ikram Sehgal, niile gbara arụkwaghịm iji mee mkpesa.[59] Onye bụbu Air Marshal Asghar Khan, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Pashtun na onye ndú nke Tehreek-e-Istiqlal; Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo, onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Balochi; na Khan Abdul Wali Khan, onye ndú National Awami Party, mere ngagharị iwe maka omume ndị agha. Ndị a tụrụ mkpọrọ maka echiche ha na-emegide ime ihe ike ahụ gụnyere Sabihuddin Ghausi na I. A. Rahman, ndị bụ ndị nta akụkọ; onye isi Sindhi G. M. Syed; onye na-ede uri Ahmad Salim; Anwar Pirzado, onye bụ onye otu ndị agha ụgbọelu; Prọfesọ M. R. Hassan; Tahera Mazhar; na Imtiaz Ahmed.[60] Malik Ghulam Jilani, onye e jidekwara, megidere n'ihu ọha ọrụ agha n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ; akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Yahya Khan ka a kpọsara n'ọtụtụ ebe. A tụkwara Altaf Hussain Gauhar, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Dawn, mkpọrọ.[61] N'afọ 2013, gọọmentị Bangladesh kwanyeere Jilani na Faiz Ahmad Faiz, onye na-ede uri, ùgwù maka omume ha.[62] === Ndị agha === Dị ka Peter Tomsen, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị ọrụ nzuzo nke Pakistan, Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence, na njikọ aka na pati ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Jamaat-e-Islami, guzobere ndị agha dịka Al-Badr ("ọnwa") na Al-Shams ("anyanwụ") iji rụọ ọrụ megide òtù mba.[63][64] Ndị agha a lekwasịrị ndị na-abụghị ndị agha anya ma dinaa ha n'ike yana mpụ ndị ọzọ.[65] ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ógbè ahụ a maara dị ka Razakars sonyekwara n'ihe omume obi ọjọọ ahụ. Okwu a aghọwo okwu mkparị yiri okwu ọdịda anyanwụ "Judas".[66] Ndị otu Muslim League, dị ka Nizam-e-Islam, Jamaat-e-Islami, na Jamiat Ulema Pakistan, bụ ndị meriri na ntuli aka ahụ, sooro ndị agha rụkọọ ọrụ ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka òtù nzuzo maka ha.[67] Ndị otu Jamaat-e-Islami na ụfọdụ n'ime ndị isi ya sooro ndị agha Pakistan rụkọọ ọrụ n'ike na igbu ọchụ.[68] Obi ọjọọ nke Al-Badr na Al-Shams dọtara uche zuru ụwa ọnụ site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi; a kọrọ akụkọ banyere ogbugbu na ndina n'ike n'ọtụtụ ebe.[64] == Mmetụta mba ụwa == [[Faịlụ:Blood_telegram.png|thumb|The Blood telegram, nke e zigara na 6 Eprel 1971]] E nwere nkwekọrịta agụmakwụkwọ na ihe omume nke esemokwu ọnwa itoolu ahụ bụ Mgbukpọ agbụrụ.[69][70] Obi ọjọọ ndị e mere n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Pakistan bụ oge mbụ e dinara mmadụ n'ike n'agha iji dọta uche ndị mgbasa ozi mba ụwa, na Sally J. Scholz edeela na nke a bụ mgbukpọ agbụrụ mbụ iji jide mmasị nke mgbasa ozi. [71][72] Òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị bụ Bangladesh Mahila Parishat sonyere n'agha ahụ site n'ịkpọsa arụrụala ndị agha Pakistan na-eme.[73] N'ihi oke arụrụala ahụ, ndị ọrụ nnọchi anya US zitere telegrams na-egosi na Mgbukpọ agbụrụ na-eme. Otu, nke a maara dị ka Blood telegram, bụ nke Archer Blood, US Consul General na Dhaka, zitere, ya na ndị ọrụ US si USAID na USIS bịanyere aka na ya bụ ndị na-eje ozi na Dhaka n'oge ahụ. N'ime ya, ndị bịanyere aka katọrọ "mmekọrịta America na Mgbukpọ agbụrụ".[74][75] N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya n'afọ 1972, Indira Gandhi, praịm minista India, kwadoro iji ndị agha tinye aka, na-asị, "Anyị ga-anọdụ ala ma kirie ka a na-edina ụmụ nwanyị ha n'ike?" A tụlere ihe omume ndị ahụ nke ọma na British House of Commons.[76] John Stonehouse tụrụ aro ka ndị otu 200 ọzọ nke ndị omeiwu kwadoro na-akatọ arụrụala ndị ndị agha Pakistan na-eme.[77] Ọ bụ ezie na e gosipụtara arịrịọ a ugboro abụọ n'ihu ndị omeiwu, gọọmentị ahụ ahụghị oge iji rụrịta ụka banyere ya.[78] Tupu agha ahụ agwụ, ndị mba ụwa amalitela inye ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ bi na India enyemaka buru ibu. Ọ bụ ezie na e nyere enyemaka enyemaka, e nwere obere nkwado maka ikpe mpụ agha nke Bangladesh tụrụ aro na njedebe nke agha.[79] Ndị na-akatọ United Nations ejirila arụrụala nke 1971 kwuo na ntinye aka ndị agha bụ naanị ihe ga-akwụsị igbu ọchụ.[80] N'ide akwụkwọ ozi na ''The New York Times'', otu ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị kwuru na nzaghachi maka ụmụ nwanyị ndị ezinụlọ na ndị di na-ezere, "Ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị ichetụ n'echiche na ndị inyom aka ha dị ọcha nke agha fọrọ nke nta ka ha bibie ndụ ha ugbu a". Enyemaka mba ụwa na-abịakwa n'ihi nsogbu nke ndina n'ike n'agha.[81] == Ihe si na ya pụta == Ozugbo agha ahụ gachara, nnukwu nsogbu bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ime ime na-achọghị n'ihi n'ike. Atụmatụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dị ime sitere na ndina n'ike sitere na 25,000 ruo atụmatụ gọọmentị Bangladesh nke 70,000, ebe mbipụta nke Center for Reproductive Law and Policy nyere ngụkọta nke 250,000.[71][82][83] E hiwere mmemme enyemaka gọọmentị nyere iwu site na nkwado nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na International Planned Parenthood Federation, otu n'ime ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha bụ ịhazi ụlọ ọgwụ na-ete ime iji nyere ndị a na-edina n'ike aka ịkwụsị ime ha na-achọghị. Otu dọkịta n’ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Dhaka kọrọ na e nwere ime 170,000 sitere n’ike n’ike, yana ụmụ ọhụrụ 30,000 a mụrụ n’agha a mụrụ n’ọnwa atọ mbụ nke 1972.[84] Dr. Geoffrey Davis, bụ́ dọkịta Australia na ọkachamara na-ete ime nke na-arụ ọrụ maka mmemme ahụ, mere atụmatụ na a na-enwe ihe dị ka 5,000 ite ime kwa afọ.[85] O kwukwara na n'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ, na ya anụla ọtụtụ okwu gbasara igbu ụmụ ọhụrụ na igbu onwe onye nke ndị ọ metụtara. Atụmatụ ya banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị e dinara n'ike n'ike bụ 400,000, okpukpu abụọ atụmatụ gọọmentị Bangladesh nke 200,000.[86] Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ahụ metụtara ebutekwara ọrịa ndị a na-ebute site ná mmekọahụ.[87] Ọtụtụ ndị nwetara mmetụta nke oké ihere na mweda n'ala, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụkwa ndị ezinụlọ ha na obodo ha gbapụrụ ma ọ bụ gbuo onwe ha.[73] Onye edemede ụmụ nwanyị Cynthia Enloe edeela na ndị agha na ikekwe ndị isi ha bu n'obi ime ụfọdụ.[83] Akụkọ sitere na International Commission of Jurists kwuru, "N'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi, ìgwè ndị dọkịta America na ndị Britain na-awa ahụ na-eme ite ime na mbọ gọọmentị na-agba iji mee ka ndị mmadụ nabata ụmụ agbọghọ ndị a n'ime obodo, gbaa akaebe maka oke nke ndina n'ike mere".[88] Kọmitii ahụ kwukwara na ọ bụghị naanị na ndị uwe ojii Pakistan kwere ka ndị ikom ha dinaa n'ike, kamakwa ha mere ụmụ nwanyị ohu.[89] Mgbe esemokwu ahụ gasịrị, a na-ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị e dinara n'ike dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke "mmebi ọha na eze" na ihere. Ọ bụ mmadụ ole na ole nwere ike ịlaghachi n'ezinụlọ ha ma ọ bụ n'ebe obibi ochie ha n'ihi ya.[90] Sheikh Mujibur Rahman kpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị ndị a Birangona ("dike"), ma nke a bụ ihe ncheta na a na-ewere ụmụ nwanyị ndị a dị ka ndị na-adịghị anabata n'ihi na ha "na-enweghị nkwanye ùgwù", na okwu ahụ metụtara barangona (" akwụna"). A na-erekarị ụmụ nwanyị lụrụ di na nwunye, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ikom ahụ, ozugbo ha natara onyinye ahụ, gbahapụrụ nwunye ha.[93] Na 18 Febrụwarị 1972, gọọmentị hibere Board of Rehabilitation Board nke Bangladesh, nke e nyere ọrụ inyere ndị e dinara n'ike aka na ịkwado mmemme nkuchi.[94] Ọtụtụ otu mba ụwa sonyere na mmemme nkuchi, dịka nne Teresa's Sisters of Charity. Netherlands na Canada kpọbatara ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ a na-alụ agha n'ihi na gọọmenti chọrọ iwepụ ihere Pakistan na mba ọhụrụ ahụ.[95] Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ụmụ nwanyị nile chọrọ ka e kuchi ụmụ ha, ma wepụ ụfọdụ ma debe ha ka ha bụrụ ndị e kuchiri, omume nke Rahman gbara ume, onye kwuru, sị, "Achọghị m ka e metọọ ọbara [sic] na obodo a"[96]. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-enwe obi ụtọ na usoro ime ime ahụ, n'ihi na ha agaghị amụ nwa e dinara n'ike, ndị ọzọ ga-aga n'ihu, na-ejupụta n'ịkpọ nwa ha asị. Ndị ọzọ, bụ́ ndị e kuchiri ụmụ ha ka ha laghachi na “ndụ dị oké mkpa,” agaghị ele nwa ọhụrụ ha anya ka à ga-asị na e napụrụ ha ya.[97] N'afọ ndị 1990, ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụaka ndị a laghachiri Bangladesh ịchọ nne ha.[98] Na 2008, D'Costa gbalịrị ịkpọtụrụ ndị e kuchiri, ma ole na ole zara. Otu kwuru, sị, "Akpọrọ m asị ịbụ nwata, akpọrọ m Bangladesh asị n'ihi na anaghị elekọta m mgbe m chọrọ ya. Enweghị m mgbọrọgwụ na nke ahụ na-eme ka m bee ákwá. Ya mere m na-agbalị ịmụtakwu banyere ebe a mụrụ m "[34]. Afọ iri anọ mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Deutsche Welle gbara ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ e dinara n'ike ajụjụ ọnụ. Aleya kwuru na ndị agha Pakistan jidere ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, a na-edekwa ya n'ike ugboro ugboro ruo ọnwa asaa. Ọ na-ekwu na a tara ya ahụhụ ma dị ime ọnwa ise mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ ya. Nwanne ya nwanyị, Laily, kwuru na ọ dị ime mgbe ndị agha kpọọrọ ya, nwa ahụ nwụkwara. O mechara lụọ ọgụ n'akụkụ Mukti Bahini. Ha abụọ na-ekwu na steeti ahụ adaala na ''Birangona'', nakwa na ihe niile ha natara bụ "mmechuihu, mkparị, ịkpọasị, na ostracism".[99] === Mmeghachi omume nke gọọmentị Pakistan === Mgbe esemokwu ahụ gasịrị, gọọmentị Pakistan kpebiri ịgbachi nkịtị maka idina n'ike.[50] Ha guzobere Hamoodur Rahman Commission, kọmitii ikpe iji kwado akụkọ maka ọnọdụ gbara Pakistan itinye aka na agha 1971. Kọmishọna a katọrọ ndị agha nke ukwuu.[100] Ewepụrụ ndị isi ndị ọrụ nke ndị agha Pakistan na ndị agha ikuku n'ọkwa ha maka ịnwa igbochi ọrụ ahụ.[101] Kọmishọna a dabere na akụkọ ya na ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị isi na ndị isi ndị agha. E wepụtara akụkọ ikpeazụ na Julaị 1972, ma e mechakwara bibie ihe niile ma e wezụga otu nke Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, bụ Prime Minister nke Pakistan mgbe ahụ. Amaghi ihe nchoputa a.[102] N'afọ 1974, e megharịrị kọmitii ahụ ma wepụta akụkọ mgbakwunye, nke nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ruo afọ 25 ruo mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ India Today bipụtara ya.[103] Akụkọ ahụ kwuru na mmadụ 26,000 anwụọla, e dinwo ọtụtụ narị mmadụ n'ike, nakwa na ndị nnupụisi Mukti Bahini kpara n'ike n'ike na mmegide ndị ọzọ ruuru mmadụ.[49] Sumit Ganguly, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kwenyere na ụlọ ọrụ Pakistan anabatala arụrụ arụ ndị a na-eme, na-ekwupụta na, na nleta na Bangladesh na 2002, Pervez Musharraf kwupụtara ịkwa ụta maka arụrụ arụ ahụ kama ịnakwere ibu ọrụ.[104]. === Ikpe nke mpụ agha === [[Faịlụ:Bangladesh_War_Crimes_Protest_in_Manchester.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|Ndị Bangladesh nọ na Manchester, na United Kingdom, na-ekwupụta ịdị n'otu na 2013 Shahbagh Protest, nke na-achọ ntaramahụhụ siri ike maka ndị a mara ikpe maka mpụ agha na 1971.]] N'afọ 2008, mgbe nyocha afọ iri na asaa gasịrị, Kọmitii Nchọpụta Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'Oké Mgbukpọ Agha wepụtara akwụkwọ na-akọwapụta mmadụ 1,597 sonyere na arụrụala ahụ. Ndepụta ahụ gụnyere ndị otu Jamaat-e-Islami na Bangladesh Nationalist Party, otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị e guzobere na 1978.[105] N'afọ 2010, gọọmentị Bangladesh guzobere International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) iji nyochaa arụrụala nke oge ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na Human Rights Watch akwadowo ụlọ ikpe ahụ, ọ katọkwara mkpagbu a kọrọ na ndị ọka iwu na-anọchite anya ndị a na-ebo ebubo.[106] Brad Adams, onye nduzi nke alaka Asia nke Human Rights Watch, kwuru na a ga-enye ndị a na-ebo ebubo nchebe zuru oke nke iwu iji zere ihe ize ndụ nke ikpe ndị a na'adịghị ewere n'ụzọ siri ike, na Irene Khan, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, egosila obi abụọ ma a ga-edozi ndina n'ike na igbu ọchụ nke ụmụ nwanyị. [107][108] Khan kwuru banyere mmeghachi omume gọọmentị ya:   Onye osote onye ndú Jamaat-e-Islami, Delwar Hossain Sayeedi, onye mbụ chere ebubo metụtara esemokwu ahụ ihu, bụ onye ICT boro ebubo iri abụọ nke mpụ agha, nke gụnyere igbu ọchụ, ndina n'ike, na ịgba ọkụ. Ọ gọnahụrụ ebubo niile.[109] N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2013, a mara Sayeedi ikpe maka mgbukpọ agbụrụ, ndina n'ike, na mkpagbu okpukpe, a mara ya ikpe ọnwụ site n'ịkwụgbu ya.[110] Mmadụ anọ ndị ọzọ so na Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, gụnyere Motiur Rahman Nizami, ka a na-ebo ebubo maka mpụ agha.[109] Abul Kalam Azad, onye otu Razakar, bụ onye mbụ a mara ikpe maka mpụ n'oge agha ahụ. A mara ya ikpe igbu ọchụ na ndina n'ike na-anọghị ya, a mara ya ikpe ọnwụ.[111][112] Muhammad Kamaruzzaman, osote odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, chere ebubo asaa nke mpụ agha ihu, gụnyere ịhazi na inye ndụmọdụ maka ndina n'ike ụmụ nwanyị n'obodo Shohaghpur na 25 Julaị 1971.[113] ICT mara ya ikpe ọnwụ site n'ịkwụgbu ya na 9 Mee 2013.[114] N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2013, a mara Ghulam Azam ikpe afọ iri itoolu maka ndina n'ike na igbu ọchụ n'oge esemokwu ahụ.[115] Abdul Quader Molla, onye otu ndị agha Razakar n'oge agha ahụ, e boro ya ebubo na ọ na-akwado ndị agha Pakistan ma na-ekere òkè na arụrụala Bangladesh na 1971: ndina n'ike (gụnyere ndina n'ime ụmụaka) na igbu ọchụ nke ndị Bangladesh na mpaghara Mirpur nke Dhaka n'oge Agha Nnwere Onwe Bangladesh. <ref name="guardian">{{Cite news|title=Shahbag protesters versus the Butcher of Mirpur|author=Tahmima Anam|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/13/shahbag-protest-bangladesh-quader-mollah|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=13 February 2013|quote="Mollah smiled because for him, a man convicted of beheading a poet, raping an 11-year-old girl and shooting 344 people during the 1971 Bangladesh war of independence – charges that have earned him the nickname the Butcher of Mirpur|accessdate=26 February 2013}}</ref> Mgbe gọọmentị gbanwere iwu mpụ agha iji kwe ka a kpegharịa ikpe mkpegharị dabere na ntaramahụhụ, ndị ọkàiwu rịọrọ Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Bangladesh ka ọ kwalite ikpe Molla site na ndụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo ọnwụ.<ref name="ndtv">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/bangladesh-islamist-given-last-minute-stay-of-execution-457153|title=Bangladesh Islamist given last-minute stay of execution|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=28 August 2014}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2013, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nabatara arịrịọ ahụ ma maa Molla ikpe ọnwụ.<ref name="death sentence">{{Cite web|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/web/case_history/case_history.php?div_id=1&case_type_id=39&case_number=24&year=2013&tender_no=|title=Case Number : Criminal Appeal(A) 24 / 2013|publisher=Supreme Court|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> N'ikpeazụ, a kwụgburu ya na Dhaka Central Jail na 12 Disemba 2013 na 22:01 . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/southasia/2013/12/bangladesh-politician-be-executed-20131212622649656.html|title=Bangladesh executes opposition leader|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=12 December 2013|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/quader-molla-hangs-finally-for-war-crimes|title=Quader Molla hangs, finally, for war crimes|work=bdnews24.com|date=12 December 2013|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> == N'akwụkwọ na mgbasa ozi == ''Orunodoyer Ognishakhi'' (Pledge to a New Dawn), ihe nkiri mbụ banyere agha ahụ, gosipụtara na 1972 na ememe mbụ nke Bangladesh Independence Day.[123] Ọ na-adabere na ahụmịhe nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri a na-akpọ Altaf. Ka ọ na-agbalị iru ebe nchekwa na Calcutta, ọ zutere ụmụ nwanyị e dinara n'ike. A na-eji ihe oyiyi nke ''Birangona'' ndị a, ndị e wepụrụ ma ghara inwe anya n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, mee ihe dị ka ihe akaebe maka mwakpo ahụ. A na-egosi ndị ọzọ Altaf zutere na-egbu onwe ha ma ọ bụ na-echefu onwe ha.[124] N'afọ 1995, Gita Sahgal mepụtara ihe ngosi War Crimes File, nke e gosipụtara na Channel 4.[125] N'afọ 2011, e gosipụtara ihe nkiri ''Meherjaan'' na Guwahati International Film Festival. Ọ na-enyocha agha ahụ site n'echiche abụọ: nke nwanyị hụrụ onye agha Pakistan n'anya na nke onye a mụrụ site na ndina n'ike.[126] N'afọ 1994, e wepụtara akwụkwọ Ami Birangana Bolchi (The Voices of War Heroines) nke Nilima Ibrahim. Ọ bụ nchịkọta nke akaebe anya ya site n'aka mmadụ asaa e dinara n'ike, nke Ibrahim dere mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ.[127] Akụkọ banyere ndị lanarịrị n'ọrụ a na-akatọ nke ukwuu ọdịda ndị Bangladesh na-akwado ndị e dinara n'ike mgbe agha gasịrị.[128] E bipụtara na 2012, akwụkwọ Rising from the Ashes: Women's Narratives of 1971 gụnyere akaebe ọnụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ndị agha nnwere onwe metụtara. Tinyere akụkọ sitere n'aka Taramon Bibi, onye lụrụ ọgụ ma nye ya Bir Protik (Ihe nnọchianya nke Ike) maka omume ya, enwere ajụjụ ọnụ itoolu na ụmụ nwanyị e dinara n'ike. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ n'asụsụ Bekee n'oge ncheta afọ iri anọ nke agha ahụ na ''The New York Times'' dị ka "akụkọ ihe mere eme dị mkpa".[108] Ihe nkiri 2014 Children of War na-egosi ime ihe ike mmekọahụ n'oge agha ahụ. Ihe nkiri nke Mrityunjay Devvrat, nke Farooq Sheikh, Victor Banerjee, Raima Sen, na ndị ọzọ na-eme, bụ iji "kpochapụ ọgba aghara n'ọkpụkpụ azụ ndị na-ekiri ya. Anyị chọrọ ime ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-asọ oyi nke na ọ dịghị onye na-echetara echiche nke ịgbaghara ndị dinara mmadụ n'ike, ma ya fọdụkwa ime mpụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news-interviews/Rape-shoot-leaves-Raima-and-Tillotama-tormented/articleshow/34833856.cms|title=1971 rapes|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=11 May 2014}}</ref> . == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ ==   == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] r8pu5cislrp0slte5cckwqpzg4oswrl 696865 696864 2026-08-05T03:09:21Z Rachmat04 6101 Reverted [[Special:Diff/693193/696864|edit]] by ~2026-43129-94 to the previous revision by Epiphanus Jide · [[w:id:Pengguna:Rachmat04/Tengu.js|⛩️]] 696865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} N'oge agha nnwere onwe nke Bangladesh na 1971, ndị agha Pakistan na ndị agha Razakar dinara n'ike n'ike n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị Bengali 200,000 na 400,000 na mkpọsa nke idina n'ike.[3][4][1][2] Ụfọdụ n’ime ndị inyom a nwụrụ n’agha ma ọ bụ gbuo onwe ha, ebe ndị ọzọ si East Pakistan (nke bụ́ Bangladesh ugbu a) gbaga India. Ezubere ma ndị Alakụba Bengali na ndị Hindu Hindu maka idina ha n'ike.[5] Ndị ikom nke West Pakistan chọrọ ime ka mba Hindu dị ọcha ma kwenye na àjà ụmụ nwanyị Hindu dị mkpa; ya mere, a na-ewere ụmụ nwanyị Bengali ndị Hindu ma ọ bụ ndị Hindu.[6] A kọrọ na mmeko nwoke ndị a kpatara ọtụtụ puku afọ ime, ịmụ nwa, ite ime, igbu ụmụ ọhụrụ, igbu onwe ha, na ịchụpụ ndị e merụrụ ahụ. A na-akpọkarị nke a dị ka otu n'ime omume kacha njọ nke ime ihe ike n'oge agha.[7] Obi ọjọọ ahụ kwụsịrị mgbe ndị agha Pakistan nyefere na Disemba 1971 wee kwado ndị agha Razakar. [8][9] N'oge agha ahụ, ndị mba Bengali dinara ụmụ nwanyị ndị Alakụba nke agbụrụ Bihari n'ike, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ebo ndị Alakụga Bihari ebubo na ha na-akwado Pakistan.[10] [nnyocha na-adaghị] Ndị ikom ndị Alakụba Bengali bụkwa ndị ndị agha West Pakistan dinara n'ike.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Branche|first=R.|title=Rape in Wartime|date=26 October 2012|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-137-28339-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V5Jw9LE8rgIC&dq=%22Bengali+Muslim+men+were+raped+by+West+Pakistani+troops%22&pg=PT73|language=en}}</ref><span class="noprint Inline-Template" mwt35="" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="D'Costa page 104 only says &amp;quot;According to my interview with the doctor Geoffrey Davis, Bihari women were also kidnapped as retaliation for the wartime abductions of Bengali women during the war.&amp;quot; Might be in the source on a different page. (October 2024)">failed verification</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;<nowiki>","href":"./Template:Failed_verification"},"params":{"reason":{"wt":"D'Costa page 104 only says \"According to my interview with the doctor Geoffrey Davis, Bihari women were also kidnapped as retaliation for the wartime abductions of Bengali women during the war.\" Might be in the source on a different page."},"date":{"wt":"October 2024"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwSw" typeof="mw:Transclusion"> </nowiki></span> Na 2009, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 40 ka ihe omume nke 1971 gasịrị, akụkọ nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mpụ Mgbukpọ nke Bangladesh bipụtara chọpụtara na mmadụ 1,597 bụ ndị ikpe mpụ agha, gụnyere ndina n'ike. Kemgbe afọ 2010, International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) ebola ọtụtụ mmadụ ebubo, nwaa ma maa ọtụtụ mmadụ ikpe ndụ ma ọ bụ ọnwụ maka ihe ha mere n'oge esemokwu ahụ. Egosiwo akụkọ banyere idina mmadụ n'ike n'ihe nkiri na akwụkwọ, ma gosi ya na nka. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman bu ụzọ chepụta okwu ahụ bụ Birangana na 1971 iji zoo aka na ndị e dinara n'ike n'ike n'oge agha nnwere onwe nke Bangladesh, na mbọ iji gbochie ha ịbụ ndị ọha na-achị. Kemgbe 1972, ndị ọchịchị Bangladesh amatala ndị agha ahụ metụtara dị ka Birangona, ma ọ bụ “ndị dike agha”.[1] == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == [[Faịlụ:21_Feb_1953_Dhaka_University_female_students_procession.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|250x250px|Ụmụ akwụkwọ nwanyị nke Mahadum Dacca na-agagharị na Language Movement Day, 21 Febụwarị 1953]] Mgbe e kewasịrị India na okike Pakistan, e kewara nku Eastern na Western ọ bụghị naanị na mpaghara kamakwa n'ọdịbendị. Ndị ọdịda anyanwụ lere ndị Alakụba Bengali nọ n'ọwụwa anyanwụ anya dị ka "Bengali" na ntinye ha na Islam dị ka "ndị dị ala na adịghị ọcha", nke mere ka ha bụrụ ndị a na-apụghị ịtụkwasị obi. Iji mezuo nke a, West malitere mkpọsa ịmanye omenala ya na ndị Bengalis.[13] Ndị Bengali nke East Pakistan bụ ndị Alakụba, ma ọnụ ọgụgụ ha bụ ndị Hindu pere mpe na-achị ha. Ọ bụ nanị mmadụ ole na ole na-asụ Urdu, bụ́ nke a kpọsarala asụsụ mba Pakistan na 1948.[14] Iji kwupụta mmegide ha, ndị na-asụ Bengali n’Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Pakistan hiwere Òtù Asụsụ Bengali. Ná mmalite 1949, ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe ike hiwere Awami League dị ka ihe ọzọ na Muslim League nke chịrị West Pakistan.[15] N'ime afọ iri na ọkara sochirinụ, ndị Bengalis ji nwayọọ nwayọọ tụfuo nnwere onwe na nguzozi nke ike na Pakistan, nke nọ n'okpuru ọchịchị ndị agha ugbu a, mechara mee ka a kpọọ oku maka nkewa ya.[16][17] Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị 1960, enwere echiche na ndị bi na East Pakistan bụ ụmụ amaala nke abụọ. Ọ bụghị n'enweghị ihe kpatara ya na General A. A. K. Niazi, onye ọchịagha ndị agha Pakistan na East Pakistan, kpọrọ East Pakistan "ala dị larịị nke ndị ọ na-enweghị ka ọ hà ha"[18]. Enweela mmegide megide ọchịchị ndị agha na West Pakistan. N’ikpeazụ, ndị agha laghachiri, na December 1970 kwa, e mere ntuli aka. N'iju ọtụtụ ndị anya, otu ndị Awami League nke East Pakistan, nke Sheikh Mujibur Rahman na-edu, meriri nnukwu mmeri. Ihe si na ya pụta adịghị ndị West Pakistan mma.[19] Na Dacca, mgbe ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị, otu ọchịagha kwuru, "Echegbula onwe gị, anyị agaghị ekwe ka ndị isi ojii a chịa anyị"[20][21] N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, Onye isi ala Yahya Khan machibidoro Njikọ Awami ma kwupụta iwu agha na East Pakistan.[22][23] Site n'ebumnobi nke ịkwụsị mba Bengali, ndị agha Pakistan malitere Operation Searchlight na 25 Maachị 1971.[24] Ndị agha Pakistan wakporo ndị Alakụba Bengali na ndị Hindu.[25] Na 1971 mgbukpọ nke Bangladesh, ndị agha gburu ihe dị ka nde mmadụ atọ, kee atụmatụ nde ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na India, ma chụpụkwa nde mmadụ iri ọzọ n'ime East Pakistan.[26] Rounaq Jahan boro ebubo ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'ime ndị agha Pakistan, nke ọ na-ekwu na a na-ewere Bengalis dị ka "agbụrụ dị ala - agbụrụ na-abụghị ndị agha na nke anụ ahụ na-adịghị ike", ma na-ebo ndị agha ebubo iji mmeko nwoke n'usoro dị ka ngwa agha.[27][28] Dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị R. J. Rummel si kwuo, ndị agha Pakistan lere Bengalis anya dị ka "ndị na-adịghị ike" ma na-ele ndị Hindu anya "dị ka ndị Juu nye ndị Nazi: ihe ruru unyi na nje kasị mma ikpochapụ" [29]. Ekwuputara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ a n'eziokwu na ndị Bengalis, ebe ọ bụ agbụrụ dị ala, ga-emezigharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ha site na ndina n'ike.[30] Belén Martín Lucas akọwawo idina mmadụ n'ike dị ka "ihe sitere n'agbụrụ agbụrụ".[31] == Omume ndị agha Pakistan == Ọ bụ General lit duziri mwakpo ahụ." data-linkid="471" href="./Tikka_Khan" id="mwzA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tikka Khan">Tikka Khan, onye bụ onye isi n'azụ Operation Searchlight na ndị Bengalis kpọrọ ya "onye na-egbu anụ Bengal" maka ihe omume ya. Khan kwuru - mgbe e chetara ya na mpaghara 9 nke March - nke ahụ na-echetara ya na March 9. "M ga-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ a na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta". Ndị Alakụba na-adịghị eguzosi ike n'ihe na ndị Pakistan enweghị ala.[34] Edoro ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba na ndị Hindu maka idina ha n'ike.[5] Ndị ikom nke West Pakistan chọrọ ime ka mba Hindu dị ọcha na nrụrụ aka ya ma kwenye na àjà ụmụ nwanyị Hindu dị mkpa; ya mere, a na-ewere ụmụ nwanyị Bengali ndị Hindu ma ọ bụ ndị Hindu.[6] Imams, mullahs, na fatwa si West Pakistan kwuputara na enwere ike ijide ụmụ nwanyị Bengali dị ka gonimoter maal ("ihe nkwata agha" ma ọ bụ "ihe nke ọha").[35][36]. Susan Brownmiller edewo na 80% nke ụmụ nwanyị a dinara n'ike bụ ndị Alakụba, kwekọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Bangladesh, ọ bụ ezie na Christian Gerlach ekwuola na nke a "enweghị ihe akaebe."[37] [38] Dị ka D'Costa si kwuo, a dinara ụmụ nwanyị Bengali n'ike n'enweghị onye ọ bụla na-ekiri ha, n'agbanyeghị na a manyere ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba ịmụ nwa ebe e gburu ụmụ nwanyị Hindu mgbe e dinara ha n'ike.[39]. Salil Tripathi dere na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị niile e dinara n'ike n'ike ọ gbara ajụjụ ọnụ bụ ndị Alakụba, n'ụzọ megidere nzọrọ na ndị inyom Hindu bụ ndị a na-achọsi ike.[40] Lisa Sharlach dere na ndị e dinara n'ike n'ike gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị Bengali "nke agbụrụ na okpukpe niile", mana na enwere ike ịzọpụta ụmụ agbọghọ ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere ike ịgụ ekpere ndị Alakụba.[41] M. Rafiqul Islam kọwara ụmụ nwanyị Hindu na ụmụ agbọghọ dịka ndị bụ isi ebumnuche nke ndina n'ike na ime ihe ike mmekọahụ.[42] Ndị na-eme ya mere mwakpo abalị, na-awakpo ụmụ nwanyị n'ime obodo ha, ''Oge'' mgbe n'ihu ezinụlọ ha, dịka akụkụ nke mkpọsa iyi egwu. [43][44] A tọọrọ ndị ahụ ma debe ha n'Ogige pụrụ iche ebe a wakporo ha ugboro ugboro. E gburu ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nọ n'ogige ahụ ma ọ bụ gbuo onwe ha, ụfọdụ na-egbu onwe ha site na iji ntutu ha kwụgbuo onwe ha; ndị agha meghachiri omume na igbu onwe ndị a site na ịkpụ ntutu ụmụ nwanyị ahụ. [45][46][34] Magazin Time kọrọ banyere ụmụ agbọghọ 563 ndị ndị agha tọọrọ ma jide; ha niile dị n'agbata ọnwa atọ na ise dị ime mgbe ndị agha malitere ịtọhapụ ha.[47] A na-eji ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị eme ihe dị ka [[Ịgba akwụna n'ike|ndị akwụna]].[48] Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị Pakistan mere atụmatụ na ọnụọgụ ndina n'ike dị ọtụtụ narị, atụmatụ ndị ọzọ dị n'agbata 200,000 na 400,000.[49][50][51] Gọọmentị Pakistan gbalịrị inyocha akụkọ ndị na-esi n'ógbè ahụ apụta, mana akụkọ mgbasa ozi banyere arụrụala ahụ ruru ọha na eze n'ụwa niile, ma mee ka ọha na eze gbasaa nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ maka nnwere onwe.[52] N'ihe Jenneke Arens kọwara dị ka mgbalị a kpachapụrụ anya ibibi otu agbụrụ, e dinara ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a wakporo n'ike, gbuo ha, wee gbaa ha mma n'ahụ ha.[53] Adam Jones, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kwuru na otu n'ime ihe kpatara ndina n'ike bụ imebi ọha mmadụ Bengali site na "ịme ihere" nke ụmụ nwanyị Bengali nakwa na e dinara ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ike ruo mgbe ha nwụrụ ma ọ bụ gbuo ha mgbe mwakpo ugboro ugboro.[54][55] International Commission of Jurists kwubiri na arụrụala ndị agha Pakistani mere "bụ akụkụ nke iwu a kpachaara anya mee site n'aka ndị agha a dụrụ aka".[56] Onye edemede Mulk Raj Anand kwuru na ndina n'ike ahụ gbasara n'ọtụtụ ebe ma ọ bụ usoro ihe ọ bụla ma e wezụga iwu agha maara ihe, "nke ndị West Pakistan haziri na mgbalị kpachapụrụ anya ịmepụta agbụrụ ọhụrụ" ma ọ bụ imebi nkewa nke Bengali.[57] Amita Malik, na-akọ akụkọ site na Bangladesh mgbe ndị agha Pakistan nyefere onwe ha, dere na otu onye agha West Pakistani kwuru, "Anyị na-aga. Mana anyị na-ahapụ mkpụrụ anyị n'azụ".[58] Ọ bụghị ndị agha Pakistani niile kwadoro ime ihe ike ahụ: General Sahabzada Yaqub Khan na Mitty Masud, bụ ndị dụrụ onye isi ala ọdụ megide ọrụ agha, na Major Ikram Sehgal, niile gbara arụkwaghịm iji mee mkpesa.[59] Onye bụbu Air Marshal Asghar Khan, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Pashtun na onye ndú nke Tehreek-e-Istiqlal; Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo, onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Balochi; na Khan Abdul Wali Khan, onye ndú National Awami Party, mere ngagharị iwe maka omume ndị agha. Ndị a tụrụ mkpọrọ maka echiche ha na-emegide ime ihe ike ahụ gụnyere Sabihuddin Ghausi na I. A. Rahman, ndị bụ ndị nta akụkọ; onye isi Sindhi G. M. Syed; onye na-ede uri Ahmad Salim; Anwar Pirzado, onye bụ onye otu ndị agha ụgbọelu; Prọfesọ M. R. Hassan; Tahera Mazhar; na Imtiaz Ahmed.[60] Malik Ghulam Jilani, onye e jidekwara, megidere n'ihu ọha ọrụ agha n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ; akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Yahya Khan ka a kpọsara n'ọtụtụ ebe. A tụkwara Altaf Hussain Gauhar, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Dawn, mkpọrọ.[61] N'afọ 2013, gọọmentị Bangladesh kwanyeere Jilani na Faiz Ahmad Faiz, onye na-ede uri, ùgwù maka omume ha.[62] === Ndị agha === Dị ka Peter Tomsen, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị ọrụ nzuzo nke Pakistan, Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence, na njikọ aka na pati ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Jamaat-e-Islami, guzobere ndị agha dịka Al-Badr ("ọnwa") na Al-Shams ("anyanwụ") iji rụọ ọrụ megide òtù mba.[63][64] Ndị agha a lekwasịrị ndị na-abụghị ndị agha anya ma dinaa ha n'ike yana mpụ ndị ọzọ.[65] ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ógbè ahụ a maara dị ka Razakars sonyekwara n'ihe omume obi ọjọọ ahụ. Okwu a aghọwo okwu mkparị yiri okwu ọdịda anyanwụ "Judas".[66] Ndị otu Muslim League, dị ka Nizam-e-Islam, Jamaat-e-Islami, na Jamiat Ulema Pakistan, bụ ndị meriri na ntuli aka ahụ, sooro ndị agha rụkọọ ọrụ ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka òtù nzuzo maka ha.[67] Ndị otu Jamaat-e-Islami na ụfọdụ n'ime ndị isi ya sooro ndị agha Pakistan rụkọọ ọrụ n'ike na igbu ọchụ.[68] Obi ọjọọ nke Al-Badr na Al-Shams dọtara uche zuru ụwa ọnụ site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi; a kọrọ akụkọ banyere ogbugbu na ndina n'ike n'ọtụtụ ebe.[64] == Mmetụta mba ụwa == [[Faịlụ:Blood_telegram.png|thumb|The Blood telegram, nke e zigara na 6 Eprel 1971]] E nwere nkwekọrịta agụmakwụkwọ na ihe omume nke esemokwu ọnwa itoolu ahụ bụ Mgbukpọ agbụrụ.[69][70] Obi ọjọọ ndị e mere n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Pakistan bụ oge mbụ e dinara mmadụ n'ike n'agha iji dọta uche ndị mgbasa ozi mba ụwa, na Sally J. Scholz edeela na nke a bụ mgbukpọ agbụrụ mbụ iji jide mmasị nke mgbasa ozi. [71][72] Òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị bụ Bangladesh Mahila Parishat sonyere n'agha ahụ site n'ịkpọsa arụrụala ndị agha Pakistan na-eme.[73] N'ihi oke arụrụala ahụ, ndị ọrụ nnọchi anya US zitere telegrams na-egosi na Mgbukpọ agbụrụ na-eme. Otu, nke a maara dị ka Blood telegram, bụ nke Archer Blood, US Consul General na Dhaka, zitere, ya na ndị ọrụ US si USAID na USIS bịanyere aka na ya bụ ndị na-eje ozi na Dhaka n'oge ahụ. N'ime ya, ndị bịanyere aka katọrọ "mmekọrịta America na Mgbukpọ agbụrụ".[74][75] N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya n'afọ 1972, Indira Gandhi, praịm minista India, kwadoro iji ndị agha tinye aka, na-asị, "Anyị ga-anọdụ ala ma kirie ka a na-edina ụmụ nwanyị ha n'ike?" A tụlere ihe omume ndị ahụ nke ọma na British House of Commons.[76] John Stonehouse tụrụ aro ka ndị otu 200 ọzọ nke ndị omeiwu kwadoro na-akatọ arụrụala ndị ndị agha Pakistan na-eme.[77] Ọ bụ ezie na e gosipụtara arịrịọ a ugboro abụọ n'ihu ndị omeiwu, gọọmentị ahụ ahụghị oge iji rụrịta ụka banyere ya.[78] Tupu agha ahụ agwụ, ndị mba ụwa amalitela inye ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ bi na India enyemaka buru ibu. Ọ bụ ezie na e nyere enyemaka enyemaka, e nwere obere nkwado maka ikpe mpụ agha nke Bangladesh tụrụ aro na njedebe nke agha.[79] Ndị na-akatọ United Nations ejirila arụrụala nke 1971 kwuo na ntinye aka ndị agha bụ naanị ihe ga-akwụsị igbu ọchụ.[80] N'ide akwụkwọ ozi na ''The New York Times'', otu ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị kwuru na nzaghachi maka ụmụ nwanyị ndị ezinụlọ na ndị di na-ezere, "Ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị ichetụ n'echiche na ndị inyom aka ha dị ọcha nke agha fọrọ nke nta ka ha bibie ndụ ha ugbu a". Enyemaka mba ụwa na-abịakwa n'ihi nsogbu nke ndina n'ike n'agha.[81] == Ihe si na ya pụta == Ozugbo agha ahụ gachara, nnukwu nsogbu bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ime ime na-achọghị n'ihi n'ike. Atụmatụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dị ime sitere na ndina n'ike sitere na 25,000 ruo atụmatụ gọọmentị Bangladesh nke 70,000, ebe mbipụta nke Center for Reproductive Law and Policy nyere ngụkọta nke 250,000.[71][82][83] E hiwere mmemme enyemaka gọọmentị nyere iwu site na nkwado nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na International Planned Parenthood Federation, otu n'ime ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha bụ ịhazi ụlọ ọgwụ na-ete ime iji nyere ndị a na-edina n'ike aka ịkwụsị ime ha na-achọghị. Otu dọkịta n’ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Dhaka kọrọ na e nwere ime 170,000 sitere n’ike n’ike, yana ụmụ ọhụrụ 30,000 a mụrụ n’agha a mụrụ n’ọnwa atọ mbụ nke 1972.[84] Dr. Geoffrey Davis, bụ́ dọkịta Australia na ọkachamara na-ete ime nke na-arụ ọrụ maka mmemme ahụ, mere atụmatụ na a na-enwe ihe dị ka 5,000 ite ime kwa afọ.[85] O kwukwara na n'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ, na ya anụla ọtụtụ okwu gbasara igbu ụmụ ọhụrụ na igbu onwe onye nke ndị ọ metụtara. Atụmatụ ya banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị e dinara n'ike n'ike bụ 400,000, okpukpu abụọ atụmatụ gọọmentị Bangladesh nke 200,000.[86] Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ahụ metụtara ebutekwara ọrịa ndị a na-ebute site ná mmekọahụ.[87] Ọtụtụ ndị nwetara mmetụta nke oké ihere na mweda n'ala, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụkwa ndị ezinụlọ ha na obodo ha gbapụrụ ma ọ bụ gbuo onwe ha.[73] Onye edemede ụmụ nwanyị Cynthia Enloe edeela na ndị agha na ikekwe ndị isi ha bu n'obi ime ụfọdụ.[83] Akụkọ sitere na International Commission of Jurists kwuru, "N'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi, ìgwè ndị dọkịta America na ndị Britain na-awa ahụ na-eme ite ime na mbọ gọọmentị na-agba iji mee ka ndị mmadụ nabata ụmụ agbọghọ ndị a n'ime obodo, gbaa akaebe maka oke nke ndina n'ike mere".[88] Kọmitii ahụ kwukwara na ọ bụghị naanị na ndị uwe ojii Pakistan kwere ka ndị ikom ha dinaa n'ike, kamakwa ha mere ụmụ nwanyị ohu.[89] Mgbe esemokwu ahụ gasịrị, a na-ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị e dinara n'ike dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke "mmebi ọha na eze" na ihere. Ọ bụ mmadụ ole na ole nwere ike ịlaghachi n'ezinụlọ ha ma ọ bụ n'ebe obibi ochie ha n'ihi ya.[90] Sheikh Mujibur Rahman kpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị ndị a Birangona ("dike"), ma nke a bụ ihe ncheta na a na-ewere ụmụ nwanyị ndị a dị ka ndị na-adịghị anabata n'ihi na ha "na-enweghị nkwanye ùgwù", na okwu ahụ metụtara barangona (" akwụna"). A na-erekarị ụmụ nwanyị lụrụ di na nwunye, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ikom ahụ, ozugbo ha natara onyinye ahụ, gbahapụrụ nwunye ha.[93] Na 18 Febrụwarị 1972, gọọmentị hibere Board of Rehabilitation Board nke Bangladesh, nke e nyere ọrụ inyere ndị e dinara n'ike aka na ịkwado mmemme nkuchi.[94] Ọtụtụ otu mba ụwa sonyere na mmemme nkuchi, dịka nne Teresa's Sisters of Charity. Netherlands na Canada kpọbatara ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ a na-alụ agha n'ihi na gọọmenti chọrọ iwepụ ihere Pakistan na mba ọhụrụ ahụ.[95] Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ụmụ nwanyị nile chọrọ ka e kuchi ụmụ ha, ma wepụ ụfọdụ ma debe ha ka ha bụrụ ndị e kuchiri, omume nke Rahman gbara ume, onye kwuru, sị, "Achọghị m ka e metọọ ọbara [sic] na obodo a"[96]. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-enwe obi ụtọ na usoro ime ime ahụ, n'ihi na ha agaghị amụ nwa e dinara n'ike, ndị ọzọ ga-aga n'ihu, na-ejupụta n'ịkpọ nwa ha asị. Ndị ọzọ, bụ́ ndị e kuchiri ụmụ ha ka ha laghachi na “ndụ dị oké mkpa,” agaghị ele nwa ọhụrụ ha anya ka à ga-asị na e napụrụ ha ya.[97] N'afọ ndị 1990, ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụaka ndị a laghachiri Bangladesh ịchọ nne ha.[98] Na 2008, D'Costa gbalịrị ịkpọtụrụ ndị e kuchiri, ma ole na ole zara. Otu kwuru, sị, "Akpọrọ m asị ịbụ nwata, akpọrọ m Bangladesh asị n'ihi na anaghị elekọta m mgbe m chọrọ ya. Enweghị m mgbọrọgwụ na nke ahụ na-eme ka m bee ákwá. Ya mere m na-agbalị ịmụtakwu banyere ebe a mụrụ m "[34]. Afọ iri anọ mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Deutsche Welle gbara ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ e dinara n'ike ajụjụ ọnụ. Aleya kwuru na ndị agha Pakistan jidere ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, a na-edekwa ya n'ike ugboro ugboro ruo ọnwa asaa. Ọ na-ekwu na a tara ya ahụhụ ma dị ime ọnwa ise mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ ya. Nwanne ya nwanyị, Laily, kwuru na ọ dị ime mgbe ndị agha kpọọrọ ya, nwa ahụ nwụkwara. O mechara lụọ ọgụ n'akụkụ Mukti Bahini. Ha abụọ na-ekwu na steeti ahụ adaala na ''Birangona'', nakwa na ihe niile ha natara bụ "mmechuihu, mkparị, ịkpọasị, na ostracism".[99] === Mmeghachi omume nke gọọmentị Pakistan === Mgbe esemokwu ahụ gasịrị, gọọmentị Pakistan kpebiri ịgbachi nkịtị maka idina n'ike.[50] Ha guzobere Hamoodur Rahman Commission, kọmitii ikpe iji kwado akụkọ maka ọnọdụ gbara Pakistan itinye aka na agha 1971. Kọmishọna a katọrọ ndị agha nke ukwuu.[100] Ewepụrụ ndị isi ndị ọrụ nke ndị agha Pakistan na ndị agha ikuku n'ọkwa ha maka ịnwa igbochi ọrụ ahụ.[101] Kọmishọna a dabere na akụkọ ya na ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị isi na ndị isi ndị agha. E wepụtara akụkọ ikpeazụ na Julaị 1972, ma e mechakwara bibie ihe niile ma e wezụga otu nke Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, bụ Prime Minister nke Pakistan mgbe ahụ. Amaghi ihe nchoputa a.[102] N'afọ 1974, e megharịrị kọmitii ahụ ma wepụta akụkọ mgbakwunye, nke nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ruo afọ 25 ruo mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ India Today bipụtara ya.[103] Akụkọ ahụ kwuru na mmadụ 26,000 anwụọla, e dinwo ọtụtụ narị mmadụ n'ike, nakwa na ndị nnupụisi Mukti Bahini kpara n'ike n'ike na mmegide ndị ọzọ ruuru mmadụ.[49] Sumit Ganguly, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kwenyere na ụlọ ọrụ Pakistan anabatala arụrụ arụ ndị a na-eme, na-ekwupụta na, na nleta na Bangladesh na 2002, Pervez Musharraf kwupụtara ịkwa ụta maka arụrụ arụ ahụ kama ịnakwere ibu ọrụ.[104]. === Ikpe nke mpụ agha === [[Faịlụ:Bangladesh_War_Crimes_Protest_in_Manchester.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|Ndị Bangladesh nọ na Manchester, na United Kingdom, na-ekwupụta ịdị n'otu na 2013 Shahbagh Protest, nke na-achọ ntaramahụhụ siri ike maka ndị a mara ikpe maka mpụ agha na 1971.]] N'afọ 2008, mgbe nyocha afọ iri na asaa gasịrị, Kọmitii Nchọpụta Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'Oké Mgbukpọ Agha wepụtara akwụkwọ na-akọwapụta mmadụ 1,597 sonyere na arụrụala ahụ. Ndepụta ahụ gụnyere ndị otu Jamaat-e-Islami na Bangladesh Nationalist Party, otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị e guzobere na 1978.[105] N'afọ 2010, gọọmentị Bangladesh guzobere International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) iji nyochaa arụrụala nke oge ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na Human Rights Watch akwadowo ụlọ ikpe ahụ, ọ katọkwara mkpagbu a kọrọ na ndị ọka iwu na-anọchite anya ndị a na-ebo ebubo.[106] Brad Adams, onye nduzi nke alaka Asia nke Human Rights Watch, kwuru na a ga-enye ndị a na-ebo ebubo nchebe zuru oke nke iwu iji zere ihe ize ndụ nke ikpe ndị a na'adịghị ewere n'ụzọ siri ike, na Irene Khan, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, egosila obi abụọ ma a ga-edozi ndina n'ike na igbu ọchụ nke ụmụ nwanyị. [107][108] Khan kwuru banyere mmeghachi omume gọọmentị ya:   Onye osote onye ndú Jamaat-e-Islami, Delwar Hossain Sayeedi, onye mbụ chere ebubo metụtara esemokwu ahụ ihu, bụ onye ICT boro ebubo iri abụọ nke mpụ agha, nke gụnyere igbu ọchụ, ndina n'ike, na ịgba ọkụ. Ọ gọnahụrụ ebubo niile.[109] N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2013, a mara Sayeedi ikpe maka mgbukpọ agbụrụ, ndina n'ike, na mkpagbu okpukpe, a mara ya ikpe ọnwụ site n'ịkwụgbu ya.[110] Mmadụ anọ ndị ọzọ so na Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, gụnyere Motiur Rahman Nizami, ka a na-ebo ebubo maka mpụ agha.[109] Abul Kalam Azad, onye otu Razakar, bụ onye mbụ a mara ikpe maka mpụ n'oge agha ahụ. A mara ya ikpe igbu ọchụ na ndina n'ike na-anọghị ya, a mara ya ikpe ọnwụ.[111][112] Muhammad Kamaruzzaman, osote odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, chere ebubo asaa nke mpụ agha ihu, gụnyere ịhazi na inye ndụmọdụ maka ndina n'ike ụmụ nwanyị n'obodo Shohaghpur na 25 Julaị 1971.[113] ICT mara ya ikpe ọnwụ site n'ịkwụgbu ya na 9 Mee 2013.[114] N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2013, a mara Ghulam Azam ikpe afọ iri itoolu maka ndina n'ike na igbu ọchụ n'oge esemokwu ahụ.[115] Abdul Quader Molla, onye otu ndị agha Razakar n'oge agha ahụ, e boro ya ebubo na ọ na-akwado ndị agha Pakistan ma na-ekere òkè na arụrụala Bangladesh na 1971: ndina n'ike (gụnyere ndina n'ime ụmụaka) na igbu ọchụ nke ndị Bangladesh na mpaghara Mirpur nke Dhaka n'oge Agha Nnwere Onwe Bangladesh. <ref name="guardian">{{Cite news|title=Shahbag protesters versus the Butcher of Mirpur|author=Tahmima Anam|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/13/shahbag-protest-bangladesh-quader-mollah|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=13 February 2013|quote="Mollah smiled because for him, a man convicted of beheading a poet, raping an 11-year-old girl and shooting 344 people during the 1971 Bangladesh war of independence – charges that have earned him the nickname the Butcher of Mirpur|accessdate=26 February 2013}}</ref> Mgbe gọọmentị gbanwere iwu mpụ agha iji kwe ka a kpegharịa ikpe mkpegharị dabere na ntaramahụhụ, ndị ọkàiwu rịọrọ Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Bangladesh ka ọ kwalite ikpe Molla site na ndụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo ọnwụ.<ref name="ndtv">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/bangladesh-islamist-given-last-minute-stay-of-execution-457153|title=Bangladesh Islamist given last-minute stay of execution|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=28 August 2014}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2013, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nabatara arịrịọ ahụ ma maa Molla ikpe ọnwụ.<ref name="death sentence">{{Cite web|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/web/case_history/case_history.php?div_id=1&case_type_id=39&case_number=24&year=2013&tender_no=|title=Case Number : Criminal Appeal(A) 24 / 2013|publisher=Supreme Court|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> N'ikpeazụ, a kwụgburu ya na Dhaka Central Jail na 12 Disemba 2013 na 22:01 . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/southasia/2013/12/bangladesh-politician-be-executed-20131212622649656.html|title=Bangladesh executes opposition leader|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=12 December 2013|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/quader-molla-hangs-finally-for-war-crimes|title=Quader Molla hangs, finally, for war crimes|work=bdnews24.com|date=12 December 2013|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> == N'akwụkwọ na mgbasa ozi == ''Orunodoyer Ognishakhi'' (Pledge to a New Dawn), ihe nkiri mbụ banyere agha ahụ, gosipụtara na 1972 na ememe mbụ nke Bangladesh Independence Day.[123] Ọ na-adabere na ahụmịhe nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri a na-akpọ Altaf. Ka ọ na-agbalị iru ebe nchekwa na Calcutta, ọ zutere ụmụ nwanyị e dinara n'ike. A na-eji ihe oyiyi nke ''Birangona'' ndị a, ndị e wepụrụ ma ghara inwe anya n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, mee ihe dị ka ihe akaebe maka mwakpo ahụ. A na-egosi ndị ọzọ Altaf zutere na-egbu onwe ha ma ọ bụ na-echefu onwe ha.[124] N'afọ 1995, Gita Sahgal mepụtara ihe ngosi War Crimes File, nke e gosipụtara na Channel 4.[125] N'afọ 2011, e gosipụtara ihe nkiri ''Meherjaan'' na Guwahati International Film Festival. Ọ na-enyocha agha ahụ site n'echiche abụọ: nke nwanyị hụrụ onye agha Pakistan n'anya na nke onye a mụrụ site na ndina n'ike.[126] N'afọ 1994, e wepụtara akwụkwọ Ami Birangana Bolchi (The Voices of War Heroines) nke Nilima Ibrahim. Ọ bụ nchịkọta nke akaebe anya ya site n'aka mmadụ asaa e dinara n'ike, nke Ibrahim dere mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ.[127] Akụkọ banyere ndị lanarịrị n'ọrụ a na-akatọ nke ukwuu ọdịda ndị Bangladesh na-akwado ndị e dinara n'ike mgbe agha gasịrị.[128] E bipụtara na 2012, akwụkwọ Rising from the Ashes: Women's Narratives of 1971 gụnyere akaebe ọnụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ndị agha nnwere onwe metụtara. Tinyere akụkọ sitere n'aka Taramon Bibi, onye lụrụ ọgụ ma nye ya Bir Protik (Ihe nnọchianya nke Ike) maka omume ya, enwere ajụjụ ọnụ itoolu na ụmụ nwanyị e dinara n'ike. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ n'asụsụ Bekee n'oge ncheta afọ iri anọ nke agha ahụ na ''The New York Times'' dị ka "akụkọ ihe mere eme dị mkpa".[108] Ihe nkiri 2014 Children of War na-egosi ime ihe ike mmekọahụ n'oge agha ahụ. Ihe nkiri nke Mrityunjay Devvrat, nke Farooq Sheikh, Victor Banerjee, Raima Sen, na ndị ọzọ na-eme, bụ iji "kpochapụ ọgba aghara n'ọkpụkpụ azụ ndị na-ekiri ya. Anyị chọrọ ime ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-asọ oyi nke na ọ dịghị onye na-echetara echiche nke ịgbaghara ndị dinara mmadụ n'ike, ma ya fọdụkwa ime mpụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news-interviews/Rape-shoot-leaves-Raima-and-Tillotama-tormented/articleshow/34833856.cms|title=1971 rapes|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=11 May 2014}}</ref> . == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ ==   == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7u99hc87ils3tc02mkff9g1q98dsxhr Sheila Roberts 0 74776 696826 629212 2026-08-04T13:32:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheila Roberts''' bụ ọde akwụkwọ si mba [[South Africa]]. Ọ bụkwa onye nkụzi na [[University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee]], Mahadum dị na US.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gray |first=Stephen |title=Long Story Short: The Writing Life of Sheila Roberts |journal=Current Writing: Text and Reception in Southern Africa |volume=28 |issue=2 |date=2 July 2016 |issn=1013-929X |doi=10.1080/1013929X.2016.1202043 |pages=148–158 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1013929X.2016.1202043 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> ==Ihe ndụ nke Roberts== Amụrụ Roberts n'afọ 1942 na obodo [[Johannesburg]] dị na South Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Farewell to a classic realist |website=[[Mail & Guardian]] |date=31 August 2009 |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2009-08-31-farewell-to-a-classic-realist/ |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> Aha nne na nna ya bu Gideon P. na Claire M. (née Freestone). Roberts nụrụ Peter Roberts n'afọ 17 January 1963 mana Peter nwụrụ n'afọ 19 April 1971. O nụrụ di ọzọ bụ ọkà mmụta Philip C. McGuire n'afo 20 June 1980. Roberts gụtụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum [[University of South Africa]] ebe ọnweteru ngalaba akwụkwọ B.A. n'afọ 1967 na ngalaba akwụkwọ M.A. n'afọ 1972; n'otu mahadum ahụ. N'afọ 1977, ọ nwetara ngalaba akwụkwọ PhD sitere na mahadum [[University of Pretoria]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Roberts, Sheila 1942- |website=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |date=25 May 1942 |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/roberts-sheila-1942 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> ==Ihe ndị odere== ''Outside Life's Feast'' (1975) bụ akwụkwọ njikota akụkọ mbụ Roberts dere. Akwụkwọ ahụ turula ugo nke [[Olive Schreiner Prize]] n'afọ 1976. Akwụkwọ egwu ọ dere, nke bụ ''Lou's Life and Other Poems'', pụtara n'afọ 1977, ya na ''He's My Brother''. Ebiri ''He's My Brother'' dika ''Johannesburg Requiem'' na mba [[North Amerika]]. Emechala, goomenti enye iwu ka akwusi ile ya bụ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{cite web |title=UWM professor, author cast light on apartheid |website=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]] |url=https://archive.jsonline.com/news/obituaries/54864037.html |access-date=9 April 2026 |accessdate=10 April 2026 |archivedate=30 April 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430000705/https://archive.jsonline.com/news/obituaries/54864037.html }}</ref> Roberts dere ọtụtụ akwụ ndị ọzọ dịka ''The Weekenders'' (1981), ''This Time of Year'' (1983), ''Dan Jacobson'' (1984), akwụkwọ egwu ''Dialogue and Divertimenti'' (1985), ''Jacks in Corners'' (1987), ''Coming In and Other Stories'' (1993). Roberts turula ugo [[Thomas Pringle Award]] nke ndi English Academy of South Africa maka obere akwụkwọ akụkọ ya ọ dere na akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi, ''Contrast''. <ref>{{cite book |URL=https://archive.org/details/companiontoafric0000unse/page/252/mode/1up |title=The companion to African literatures |publisher=[[James Currey]] |publication-place=Oxford |date=2010 |isbn=978-0-85255-549-1 |page=252 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> ==Edensibia== {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1960]] tfj4png5fmr6hgkwezf9jdmnbwr6a0i Usoro ọkụ eletrik 0 76655 696850 687421 2026-08-04T20:51:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Netwọk ike okpomọkụ''' (TEN) bụ ụdị usoro kpo ọkụ na ịjụ oyi nke mpaghara nke mmiri na-agbanwere okpomọkụ n'ala, ndị ọzọ site na oghere okpomọkụ dị omimi, yana njikọ na ọtụtụ ụlọ nke na-eji mgbapụta okpomọkụ maka okpomọkụ, ịjụ oyi, na ikekwe okpomọkụ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geothermal Heating & Cooling|url=https://www.energy.gov/hgeo/geothermal/geothermal-heating-cooling|work=[[United States Department of Energy]]|publisher=Office of Geothermal|accessdate=2026-03-17}}</ref> N'ime ụkpụrụ ANSI / CSA / IGSHPA C448 Design and Installation standard, a na-akpọ usoro ndị a ''Usoro ike distrikti'' N'adịghị ka usoro okpomọkụ nke mpaghara nke na-ekesa mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri okpomọkụ dị elu site na ụlọ ọrụ etiti, netwọk ike okpomọkụ na-agbasa mmiri na okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ gburugburu. Ụlọ ọ bụla na-eji mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ iji bulie ma ọ bụ belata okpomọkụ maka okpomọkụ, ịjụ oyi, na mgbe ụfọdụ mmiri ọkụ n'ụlọ.<ref name="auto"/>N'akwụkwọ teknụzụ na iwu, a na-akọwakarị netwọk ike okpomọkụ dị ka akụkụ nke Ọgbọ nke ise nke okpomọkụ na ịjụ oyi. <ref name="auto2">{{cite report |last=Simpson |first=J. G. |title=National Modeling of Geothermal District Energy Systems with Ambient-Temperature Loops Using dGeo: Preprint |publisher=National Renewable Energy Laboratory |date=2024 |url=https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy25osti/90324.pdf |access-date=2026-07-11 |archive-date=2026-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118001531/https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy25osti/90324.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="auto1"/> Netwọk ike okpomọkụ bụ teknụzụ zuru oke nke sistem ike ikuku nke netwọk dabere na ihe okpomọkụ dịnụ ihe ọ bụla ha bụ. Gụnyere ma usoro ọgbọ nke ise dịka etinyere n'ọtụtụ obodo ugbu a na usoro okpomọkụ nke ọgbọ nke isii na-arụkọ ọrụ ugbu a site na nyocha gaa na mmejuputa. == Ambient okpomọkụ akaghị == Isi ihe dị n'ime TEN bụ okpọkọ okpoko okpomọkụ nke na ebuga mmiri ọkụ n'etiti isi mmalite ọkụ dị iche iche na sinks. Okwu a kapịrị ọnụ "Ambient Temperature Loop (ATL) " nwekwara ike izo aka na nhazi ọkpọkọ 1 nke ụfọdụ mahadum, obodo, na ọrụ na-anakwere. Otu ihe atụ dị otú ahụ bụ 1-pipe geothermal netwọk nke na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-eme ka Mahadum Colorado Mesa dị jụụ (CMU) . Ihe ọzọ bụ akụrụngwa 1st arụnyere TEN na Framingham, MA. == Ọkwụ ọkụ == Okwu eji eme ihe maka netwọk ike okpomọkụ dịgasị iche site na ikike na isi iyi. N'akwụkwọ injinia, a na-akọwa usoro ndị yiri ya dị ka ''Usoro ike distrikti'', usoro ike geothermal distrikti, ''Mpaghara okpomọkụ gburugburu ebe obibi'', na usoro okpomọkụ na ịjụ oyi nke ọgbọ nke ise. Na mgbasa ozi US, iwu, na ọnọdụ enyemaka, akọwakwala usoro ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ''netwọk geothermal''.<ref name="auto5"/><ref name="auto7"/> == Imepụta na ọrụ == E mebere netwọk ike thermal ka ọ bụrụ ebumnuche nke ntụkwasị obi, nkwusi ike, arụmọrụ / ọnụ ahịa, yana mbelata ọnụahịa n'ihu. A na-achọpụta ihe niile dị na okpomọkụ na isi iyi / mmiri, mgbe ahụ, a na-ahọrọ isi iyi na mmiri kachasị ọnụ. Otu isi iyi / sink na-abụkarị ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na n'ala, a.k.a "geothermal". Nke a bụ n'ihi na ala bụ nnukwu okpomọkụ nke enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dịka batrị okpomọkụ iji nyefee ike site n'otu oge gaa na nke ọzọ. Isi iyi / mmiri ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịbụ ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara, ọdọ mmiri na-achịkwa idei mmiri, okpomọkụ anyanwụ, snow na-agbaze, na batrị okpomọkụ nke ime ụlọ na ala. Netwọk ike okpomọkụ na-agụnye eriri e liri n'ala na-ebu mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe ngwọta mmiri na-egbochi oyi, usoro nke oghere okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ isi iyi okpomọkụ ndị ọzọ na ndị na-agbanwe njikọ, mgbapụta na njikwa, na mgbapụta okpomọkụ nke mmiri. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Geothermal Heating & Cooling|url=https://www.energy.gov/hgeo/geothermal/geothermal-heating-cooling|work=United States Department of Energy|publisher=Office of Geothermal|accessdate=2026-03-17}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.energy.gov/hgeo/geothermal/geothermal-heating-cooling "Geothermal Heating & Cooling"]. ''United States Department of Energy''. Office of Geothermal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> N'ọtụtụ atụmatụ, loop netwọk na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ okpomọkụ ala karịa na okpomọkụ dị elu nke e ji mee ihe na usoro okpomọkụ distrikti mbụ. Ụlọ ndị chọrọ okpomọkụ na-ewepụta ya site na mgbapụta okpomọkụ, ebe ụlọ ndị chọrọ ịjụ oyi na-ewepụ okpomọkụ n'ime mgbapụta ahụ. N'ihi na okpomọkụ na ịjụ oyi nwere ike ime n'oge dị iche iche gafee mpaghara, a na-emepụta usoro ụfọdụ iji gbanwere okpomọkụ n'etiti ụlọ na iji ala maka Nchekwa ike okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ nchekwa ike okike oge.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal|author=Figueira|first=J. S.|title=Shallow geothermal energy systems for district heating and cooling networks: Review and technological progression through case studies|journal=Renewable Energy|date=2024|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124015040}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFigueira2024">Figueira, J. S. (2024). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124015040 "Shallow geothermal energy systems for district heating and cooling networks: Review and technological progression through case studies"]. ''Renewable Energy''.</cite></ref> == Ọganihu nke Okpomọkụ == Sistemụ kpo ọkụ na igwe jụrụ oyi nke mpaghara na ebute ụzọ na nso nso nke okwu netwọk ike thermal , mana echiche ahụ nwetara nlebara anya dị ukwuu na 2020s dịka akụkụ nke iwu nrụpụta decarbonization na United States.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|title=District-Scale Geothermal Energy Pilots|url=https://www.energy.gov/hgeo/geothermal/district-scale-geothermal-energy-pilots|work=United States Department of Energy|publisher=Office of Geothermal|accessdate=2026-03-17}}</ref> Na Massachusetts, Eversource Energy mepụtara usoro ụgbọelu nke ọgbọ nke ise nke geothermal thermal network ike na Framingham, Massachusetts. Akụkọ ''PBS NewsHour'' nke afọ 2025 kọwara ya dịka usoro otu kilomita nke jikọtara ihe dị ka ụlọ iri na abụọ na ụlọ obodo na mpaghara geothermal.<ref name="auto7"/> Akụkọ onwe onye nke ''Grist'' kọwakwara ọrụ Framingham dịka usoro okpomọkụ na-ejere ụlọ obibi na ụlọ ahịa ozi site na akụrụngwa dị n'okpuru ala.<ref name="auto5">{{Cite news|author=Simon|first=Matt|title=The secret to decarbonizing buildings might be right beneath your feet|url=https://grist.org/climate-energy/decarbonizing-buildings-geothermal-network-solutions/|work=Grist|date=2024-06-27|accessdate=2026-03-17}}</ref> E gosipụtara ọrụ Framingham na akụkọ dịka ule mbụ nke ma ndị ọrụ gas nwere ike ịgbanwe akụkụ nke azụmahịa ha site na nkesa gas sitere n'okike gaa na akụrụngwa okpomọkụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=St. John|first=Jeff|title=Massachusetts kicks off first pilot to shift gas utilities to clean heat|url=https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/geothermal/massachusetts-kicks-off-first-pilot-to-shift-gas-utilities-to-clean-heat|work=Canary Media|date=2024-06-04|accessdate=2026-03-17}}</ref> == Iwu na iwu == Na United States, a na-ekwuwanye okwu netwọk geothermal n'ihe gbasara ụkpụrụ ịba uru, mgbanwe ọrụ, na ụlọ eletrik. N'afọ 2022, New York wepụtara Iwu Utility Thermal Energy Network and Jobs Act, na-eweputa usoro iwu na nhazi maka netwọk ọkụ eletrik.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|title=NY State Assembly Bill 2021-A10493|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A10493|work=New York State Senate|accessdate=2026-03-17}}</ref> Iwu ahụ kọwara netwọk ike ikuku dịka okpomọkụ mmiri na-ejikọta ọtụtụ ụlọ na isi mmalite ike, na ndị nwe ụlọ na-ejigide site na mgbapụta okpomọkụ nke mmiri.<ref name="auto6" /> N'ọnwa Julaị 2024, New York State Public Service Commission nakweere iwu mbụ maka netwọk ọkụ eletrik. <ref name="auto4"/> Maryland weputara iwu na 2024 na-enye ikike usoro netwọk ọkụ eletrik. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Legislation - HB0397|url=https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/hb0397?ys=2024RS|work=Maryland General Assembly|accessdate=2026-03-17}}</ref> Massachusetts nyere ntụziaka steeti maka ọrụ geothermal netwọk na 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DPU Establishes Network Geothermal Guidelines|url=https://www.mass.gov/news/dpu-establishes-network-geothermal-guidelines|work=Mass.gov|date=2024-07-31|accessdate=2026-03-17}}</ref> == Ngwa == A tụwo aro ma ọ bụ tinye netwọk ọkụ eletrik na mahadum , mmepe eji eme ihe, ụlọ obibi, na ndị na-anya ụgbọelu na mpaghara. <ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto3"/> Dị ka ''PBS NewsHour'' si kwuo, onye na-anya ụgbọelu Framingham jere ozi n'ụlọ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ yana ụlọ nchịkwa ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ọkụ, na mmepe ụlọ ọha.<ref name="auto7">{{Cite news|author=O'Brien|first=Miles|title=Unlikely alliance builds cleaner geothermal energy network in Massachusetts community|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/unlikely-alliance-builds-cleaner-geothermal-energy-network-in-massachusetts-community|work=PBS NewsHour|date=2025-10-10|accessdate=2026-03-17}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Brien2025">O'Brien, Miles (October 10, 2025). [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/unlikely-alliance-builds-cleaner-geothermal-energy-network-in-massachusetts-community "Unlikely alliance builds cleaner geothermal energy network in Massachusetts community"]. ''PBS NewsHour''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> A na-eji usoro ndị a eme ihe maka okpomọkụ, ikuku oyi, mmiri ọkụ n'ụlọ, na nguzozi ibu n'etiti ụlọ nwere mkpa okpomọkụ dị iche iche. == Usoro okpomọkụ nke Ọgbọ nke isii == Ọgbọ nke isii na-apụta na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi TEN na-eme ka ubi ahụ nwee mmekọrịta DER na-arụ ọrụ iji tinye ihe nchekwa ike okpomọkụ nke usoro ahụ iji mịkọrọ ma zere ike na njikọ ya na ụgwọ ike grid. Isi ihe maka usoro ndị a bụ iji "batrị okpomọkụ" dị obere karịa batrị okpomike ala nke bụ onye na-agbanwe okpomọkụ ala. GHEX bụ usoro nchekwa okpomọkụ dị irè kwa afọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-eji nwayọ na-agba ọsọ ma na-eji nwayọọ na-agbapụta. Mmekọrịta grid chọrọ ụgwọ okpomọkụ ngwa ngwa na ịgba ọsọ, ya mere batrị okpomọkụ e mere maka ịgba ọsọ okpomọkụ dị mkpirikpi. Ọrụ nke ORNL's Thermal Energy Storage Research Group bụ isi na usoro TEN nke ọgbọ nke isii. == Ihe mgbochi na ihe ndị a na-atụle == Arụmọrụ na akụnaụba nke netwọk geothermal na-adabere na geology mpaghara, ọnọdụ mkpọpu mmiri, ibu dị iche iche, ihe nrụpụta ụlọ chọrọ, na usoro ego.<ref name="auto1"/> Okwu ndị ọzọ a tụlere n'akwụkwọ gụnyere ọnụahịa isi obodo, igwu ala n'okporo ámá na ihe mgbochi, nhazi n'etiti ndị nwe ala na ndị ọrụ, na nhazi nke ọrụ okpomọkụ.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|title=PSC Adopts Initial Utility Thermal Energy Networks Rules|url=https://dps.ny.gov/news/psc-adopts-initial-utility-thermal-energy-networks-rules|work=New York State Department of Public Service|date=2024-07-18|accessdate=2026-03-17}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://dps.ny.gov/news/psc-adopts-initial-utility-thermal-energy-networks-rules "PSC Adopts Initial Utility Thermal Energy Networks Rules"]. ''New York State Department of Public Service''. July 18, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ dị mkpa na a na-eji nlezianya emepụta usoro TEN iji zere ụgwọ ma ọ bụ nsogbu arụmọrụ. == Hụkwa == * Okpomọkụ distrikti * Mmiri oyi nke mpaghara * Pumpụ okpomọkụ sitere n'ala * Okpomọkụ nke ala * Nchekwa ike okpomọkụ * Nchekwa ike okpomọkụ n'oge == Ebensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Vidio: Geothermal Energy Networks: Transforming Our Thermal Energy System, MIT Open Courseware (January 2025) [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p5tz4tugz5knsxo0rfg5k7h3mof0pjl Wilbur Plaugher 0 76916 696856 688319 2026-08-04T22:28:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wilbur Plaugher''' (Machị 13, 1922 - Jenụwarị 2, 2018) bụ onye Amerịka na-elekọta ehi, rodeo clown na Onye na-enye nkịta ọzụzụ. == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Plaugher na [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]]. oge ọ dị afọ anọ, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagere na [[California|Kalịfọnịa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wranglernetwork.com/news/wilbur-plaugher-obituary/|title=ProRodeo Hall of Famer Plaugher Passes Away|work=Wrangler Network|date=January 3, 2018|accessdate=May 2, 2024}}</ref> N'afọ 1974, Plaugher na steer-wrestling, onye mmeri nke nwa efi Mark Schricker guzobere Fellowship nke Christian Cowboys dị ka ngalagba nke otu dịbu adị Fellowsship nke Christian Athletes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Can I Get a Yee-Haw and an Amen: Collecting and Interpreting Oral Histories of Texas Cowboy Churches|url=https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/472|journal=Electronic Theses and Dissertations|date=2013-12-01|first=Jake|author=McAdams}}</ref> N'afọ 1982, a kpọrọ Plaugher ProRodeo Clown nke Year . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/1990/7/26/18873067/oldest-rodeo-clown-is-also-famous-now/|title=Oldest Rodeo Clown Is Also Famous Now|work=[[Deseret News]]|first=Myrna|author=Trauntvein|date=July 26, 1990|accessdate=May 2, 2024}}</ref> N'afọ 1990, a enwebatara Plaugher na ProRodeo Hall nke Fame . <ref name="a">{{Cite web|url=https://www.prorodeohalloffame.com/inductees/contract-personnel/wilbur-plaugher/|title=Wilbur Plaugher|work=[[ProRodeo Hall of Fame]]|accessdate=May 2, 2024|archivedate=May 3, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503050047/https://www.prorodeohalloffame.com/inductees/contract-personnel/wilbur-plaugher/}}</ref> Plaugher nwụrụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article192851559.html|title=A true legend,' rodeo cowboy and clown Wilbur Plaugher lived large|work=[[The Fresno Bee]]|date=January 12, 2018|first=Carmen|author=George|accessdate=May 2, 2024}}</ref> na Jenụwarị 2, 2018, na Sanger, Kalịfọnịa, <ref name="a"/> oge ọ dị afọ 95. == Ihe Ndetu == == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}  [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 5tcxmwkwbbhprkp2j7ttfhtkzvvodhb Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya 0 77450 696863 672737 2026-08-05T02:32:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Lake Sibaya | image = Sibhayi.gif | alt = | caption = | image_bathymetry = | alt_bathymetry = |pushpin_map=KwaZulu-Natal | caption_bathymetry = | location = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | coords = {{coord|27|21|29|S|32|41|07|E|region:ZA-KZ_type:waterbody|display =inline,title}} | type = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = {{convert|530|km2|abbr=on}} | basin_countries = {{flag|South Africa}} | length = | width = | area = {{convert|64|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|10.9|m|abbr=on}} | max-depth = | volume = {{convert|700000000|m3|abbr=on}} | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|20.8|m|abbr=on}} | frozen = Never | islands = | cities = | reference = <ref name="dea-sibaya-ramsar">{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm|title=Lake Sibaya|publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs (South Africa)|accessdate=28 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716182712/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm|archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> |embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Lake Sibaya | designation1_date = 28 June 1991 | designation1_number = 528<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Sibaya|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/528|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} '''Ọdọ Mmiri Sibhayi''', makwaara dị ka Ọdọ Mmị Sibhayi, ọdọ mmiri mmiri dị ọcha na South Africa, nke nwere mpaghara km2 sq mi). A makwaara ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ka Sibaya ma ọ bụ Sibhaya . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://isimangaliso.com/jewel/lake-sibaya/|title=Lake Sibaya|author=|first=|date=|work=isiMangaliso park|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260620115840/https://isimangaliso.com/jewel/lake-sibaya/|archivedate=20 June 2026|accessdate=27 April 2020}}</ref> Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị na Maputaland, ma ọ bụ Umhlabuyalingana, mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal, n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ nke South Africa. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Ogige Mmiri nke Greater St. Lucia ma bụrụ nke a nabatara n'okpuru Nkwekọrịta Ramsar dị ka "Oké Mmiri nke Mkpa Mba Nile" na 28 June 1991. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1999, e kwupụtara ogige ntụrụndụ Greater St. Lucia Wetland dị ka UNESCO World Heritage Site, a gụgharịrị ya iSimangaliso Wetland Park n'afọ 2009. A chọpụtala ụdị nnụnụ 279 na Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya. Mseleni Water Project na Mbazwana Water Supply Scheme na-enweta mmiri ha site na Lake Sibaya. == Njem == Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya Lodge dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Ọ bụ ụlọ obibi dị elu nke nwere chalets iri na isii. N'etiti Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya na Oké Osimiri India bụ Mabibi. Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife na-elekọta ebe ezumike na chalets. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> E nwekwara ụlọ obibi onwe onye - Thonga Beach Lodge . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zulunet.co.za/mabibi/|title=Thonga Beach Lodge at Mabibi, South Africa|accessdate=26 November 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716181215/http://www.zulunet.co.za/mabibi/|archivedate=16 July 2011}}</ref>  Ebe ezumike a ma ama nke Sodwana Bay dị nso. == Ọdịdị nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ == Iji chọpụta ihe nwere ike ịkpata ọdịda ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mita 4 n'ọkwa ọdọ mmiri Sibaya n'etiti afọ 2001 na 2014, iji chọpụta mmetụta nke ihe ndị a na-amịpụta maka oriri mmiri n'ime ụlọ na site n'ugbo azụmahịa na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri, nakwa ịchọpụta ihe ndị a na-amịpụta na-adịgide adịgide a pụrụ ịchọpụta site na ọdọ mmiri Sibaya. Site na nyocha na ihe ndị a na-eme, a kwubiri na isi ihe kpatara mbelata na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri Sibaya bụ mmiri ozuzo dị ala karịa nkezi n'oge 2001 ruo 2011. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ ezie na nsonaazụ ihe ndị a na-eme na-egosi na mmetụta dị na ọkwa mmiri nke ihe ndị a na-amịpụta maka ojiji n'ime ụlọ n'oge a adịchaghị mma, ha na-egosi na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mita 1.4 nke mbelata na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri nwere ike ịbụ mmetụta nke oke ọhịa nke malitere na mmiri ndị a na-amịpụta na afọ 1990. E mere nyocha mkpụrụ nke nsonaazụ ihe ndị a na-eme na mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmiri ndị a na-amịpụta maka oge afọ 65 nke ndekọ ihu igwe a hụrụ site na iji ma ọkwa ọdọ mmiri kacha nta a na-ekwe ka ọ dị ma ọ bụ mbelata kachasị site na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri ntụaka dị ka ihe achọrọ maka ọdịda sistemụ. Nsonaazụ sitere na iji ihe ndekọ ihu igwe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mpaghara a kụrụ na ọkwa ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya nke edobere na uru 2014 na-egosi na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ ga-esi na ya pụta ga-ekwe omume n'ihi mbelata na-adịgide adịgide na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri e mere ka ọ dị mma na nchekwa mmiri dị n'ime ala, nke a ga-anabataghị gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Nsonaazụ ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya nke mbụ na-egosi na iwepụ ihe dị ka kilomita 5 nke ọhịa dị mkpa iji wepụta 1 MCM/afọ maka ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya n'ime ụlọ. Agbanyeghị, nsonaazụ mbụ ndị a chọrọ nkwenye ka mma nke data ntinye na nyocha nke ihe nlereanya maka ntụkwasị obi na nsonaazụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Smithers|first=J.C.|date=2017-08-02|title=Modelling and water yield assessment of Lake Sibhayi|journal=Water SA|volume=43|issue=3|pages=480|doi=10.4314/wsa.v43i3.13|issn=0378-4738}}</ref>&nbsp; == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050322002720/http://www.environment.gov.za/enviro-info/sote/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm Lake Sibaya Info Sheet - South African Wetlands Conservation Programme] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051120145643/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr03.html Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya - Ebe nchekwa data nke ọdọ mmiri ụwa] * Lake Sibaya Akwụkwọ ozi maka ebe a họpụtara na Ndepụta nke Wetlands of International Importance 7ze3vxv4jssca345d29m8sutgqh9xzl Turbidity 0 77478 696845 688292 2026-08-04T19:32:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696845 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:TurbidityStandards.jpg|thumb|Ụkpụrụ mgbagwoju anya nke 5, 50, na 500 NTU]]   Turbidity bụ igwe ojii ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ nke mmiri nke ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụ anya na anya. Nlele nke turbidity bụ ule dị mkpa nke Mmiri doro anya na [[Ịdị mma mmiri|ogo mmiri]]. Mmiri nwere ike ịnwe ihe siri ike a kpọchiri akpọchi nke nwere obere nha dị iche iche. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ihe a kpọchiri akpọchi ga-ebu ibu ma dị arọ nke na ha ga-adaba ngwa ngwa n'ala akpa ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na a hapụ ihe nlele mmiri ka ọ kwụsie ike (ihe siri ike a na-edozi), obere obere ihe ndị ahụ ga-adaba naanị nwayọ ma ọ bụ na ha agaghị ada ma ọlị ma ọ bụrụ na ihe nlele ahụ na-akpali mgbe niile ma ọ bụ na obere ihe ndị ahụ na-agbakọta. Obere obere ihe siri ike ndị a na-eme ka mmiri ahụ yie ihe gbara ọchịchịrị. A na-etinyekwa turbidity (ma ọ bụ haze) na ihe siri ike dị ka ugegbe ma ọ bụ plastik. Na mmepụta plastik, a na-akọwa ụfụfụ dị ka pasentị nke ìhè nke a tụgharịrị karịa 2.5 ° site na ntụziaka ìhè na-abata. == Ihe kpatara ya na mmetụta ya == O nwere ike ịbụ na ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha n'ime mmiri mepere emepe na-akpata ya. Ihe ndị mmadụ na-eme nke na-akpaghasị ala, dịka owuwu ụlọ, igwu ala na ọrụ ugbo, nwere ike ime ka mmiri dị elu na-abanye n'ime mmiri n'oge oké mmiri ozuzo n'ihi mmiri ozuzo. Ebe ndị a na-enwekarị oke mbuze n'akụkụ mmiri yana ebe ndị mepere emepe na-enyekwa nnukwu nsogbu na mmiri ndị dị nso, site na mmetọ mmiri ozuzo site na elu ala dị larịị dịka okporo ụzọ, àkwà mmiri, ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na ọdụ ụgbọelu. Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ dịka igwu ala, igwu ala, na mgbake kol nwere ike ịkpata oke turbidity site na obere nkume colloidal. N'ime mmiri ọṅụṅụ, ka ọkwa turbidity dị elu, otú ahụ ka ihe ize ndụ nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike ibute ọrịa afọ na-arị elu. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mann|first=A.G.|title=The association between drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness: a systematic review|date=2007-09-21|journal=BMC Public Health|volume=7|issue=256|doi=10.1186/1471-2458-7-256|pmid=17888154}}</ref> Nke a na-enye nsogbu karịsịa maka ndị nwere nsogbu ahụ ike, n'ihi na ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ dị ka nje ma ọ bụ nje bacteria nwere ike ịbanye na ihe ndị a kwụgidere. Ihe ndị a kwụgidere na-egbochi ọgwụ chlorine.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=LeChevallier|first=M W|date=July 1981|title=Effect of turbidity on chlorination efficiency and bacterial persistence in drinking water|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=42|issue=1|pages=159–167|doi=10.1128/aem.42.1.159-167.1981|pmid=7259162}}</ref> N'otu aka ahụ, ihe siri ike nwere ike ichebe nje bacteria site na ultraviolet (UV) sterilization nke mmiri. N'ime mmiri dị ka ọdọ mmiri, osimiri na ọdọ mmiri, ọkwa dị elu nke turbidity nwere ike ibelata ọkụ ọkụ na-erute omimi dị ala, nke nwere ike igbochi uto nke osisi mmiri na-emikpu ma si otú a na-emetụta ụdị ndị na-adabere na ha, dị ka azụ na azụ azụ. Ọkwa turbidity dị elu nwekwara ike imetụta ikike azụ azụ iji nweta oxygen gbazere. A na-ahụta ihe a mgbe niile na Chesapeake Bay na ọwụwa anyanwụ United States.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Stevenson|first=J. Court|title=Decline of Submerged Plants in Chesapeake Bay|date=1979|url=http://www.fws.gov/chesapeakebay/savpage.htm|publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428081405/http://www.fws.gov/chesapeakebay/savpage.htm|archivedate=2019-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sediments|url=http://www.chesapeakebay.net/sediments.aspx|date=2009-08-06|publisher=[[Chesapeake Bay Program]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927073649/http://www.chesapeakebay.net/sediments.aspx|archivedate=2011-09-27}}</ref> Maka ọtụtụ mpaghara mangrove, a chọrọ nnukwu turbidity iji kwado ụdị ụfọdụ, dị ka ichekwa azụ ndị na-eto eto n'aka ndị na-eri anụ. Maka ọtụtụ osisi mangrove dị n'akụkụ oke osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Australia, ọkachasị Moreton Bay, ọkwa turbidity ruru 600 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) chọrọ maka ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi kwesịrị ekwesị. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ịtụle == [[Faịlụ:Runoff_torbidity.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mmiri iyi na-adịghị mma nke nnukwu mmiri ozuzo kpatara]] Ịtụle nke mmiri na-ezochi bụ ihe dị mkpa iji chọpụta ma mmiri doro anya ma mmiri dị mma. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">Ntụaka dị mkpa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> E nwere nkeji ọkọlọtọ abụọ maka ịkọ akụkọ turbidity: Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU) sitere na ISO 7027 na Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) site na Usoro USEPA 180.1. A na-ejikarị ISO 7027 na FNU eme ihe na Europe, ebe a na-ejikarị NTU eme ihe na US ISO 7027 na-enye usoro na ịdị mma mmiri maka ikpebi turbidity. A na-eji ya ekpebi mkpokọta nke ihe ndị a kwụchiri na ihe nlele mmiri site na ịtụ ìhè merenụ gbasaara n'akụkụ aka nri site na ihe nlele ahụ. A na-ejide ìhè gbasaara site na photodiode, nke na-emepụta akara eletrọnịkị nke a gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ turbidity. Emepụtala ngwaike mepere emepe site na usoro ISO 7027 iji tụọ turbidity nke ọma site na iji microcontroller Arduino na LED dị ọnụ ala. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wijnen|first=Bas|title=Open-source mobile water quality testing platform|journal=Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development|volume=4|issue=3|pages=532–537|date=2014-05-09|doi=10.2166/washdev.2014.137|url=https://hal.science/hal-02119690/document}}</ref> Enwere ụzọ dị iche iche a ga-esi enyocha ogo mmiri, nke kacha zie ezie bụ ụfọdụ nbibi (ya bụ, mbelata ike) nke ìhè ka ọ na-agafe na kọlụm mmiri.<ref name="fondriest">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/measurements/measuring-water-quality/turbidity-sensors-meters-and-methods/|title=Measuring Turbidity, TSS, and Water Clarity|publisher=Fondriest Environmental, Inc.|accessdate=1 February 2021|archivedate=16 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216155022/https://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/measurements/measuring-water-quality/turbidity-sensors-meters-and-methods/}}</ref> Usoro Jackson Candle ọzọ ejiri mee ihe (nkeji: Jackson Turbidity Unit ma ọ bụ JTU) bụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche nke ogologo kọlụm mmiri dị mkpa iji kpuchie ọkụ kandụl na-elele ya kpamkpam. Ka mmiri dị mkpa (ka kọlụm mmiri na-adị ogologo), otú ahụ ka mmiri na-adịwanye mma. N'ezie mmiri naanị na-emepụta ụfọdụ attenuation, na ihe ọ bụla ihe etisasịwo na mmiri na-emepụta agba nwere ike ibelata ụfọdụ wavelengths. Ngwá ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ anaghị eji kandụl eme ihe, ma ekwesịrị ịhazi usoro a nke ịbelata ọkụ ọkụ site na kọlụm mmiri na JTUs. A na-ewere ọchịchọ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na-agbasa ọkụ na-elekwasị anya na ha ugbu a dị ka ihe dị mkpa nke turbidity na mmiri. Turbidity a tụrụ n'ụzọ a na-eji ngwá ọrụ a na-akpọ nephelometer na ihe nchọpụta a na-etinye n'akụkụ ọkụ ahụ. Ìhè ka ukwuu na-eru ihe nchọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere ọtụtụ obere ihe na-agbasa isi iyi karịa ma ọ bụrụhaala na e nwere ole na ole. Otu nke turbidity site na calibrated nephelometer nwere ike ịbụ ma ọ bụ NTU ma ọ bụ FTU, dabere na usoro ọkọlọtọ eji. Ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ìhè ole na-egosipụta maka ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-enye na-adabere na njirimara nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dịka ọdịdị ha, ụcha, na ntụgharị ha. N'ihi nke a (na ihe mere na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị arọ na-ada ngwa ngwa ma ghara inye aka n'ịgụ ihe mgbagwoju anya), njikọ dị n'etiti ihe mgbagha na ihe mgbaghịa zuru oke (TSS) bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe maka ebe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ọ bụla.<ref name="fondriest" /> Enwere ike tụọ ọgba aghara na ọdọ mmiri, ọdọ mmiri, ọwa na oke osimiri site na iji diski Secchi. A na-agbada diski ojii na nke ọcha n'ime mmiri ruo mgbe a naghị ahụ ya ọzọ; A na-edezi omimi ( omimi nke Secchi ) dị ka ihe nlele nke nghọta nke mmiri (nke metụtara turbidity). Diski Secchi nwere uru nke ijikọ turbidity n'elu omimi (ebe akwa turbidity na-agbanwe agbanwe dị), ịdị ngwa ma dị mfe iji, yana ọnụ ala. Ọ nwere ike inye ihe ngosi siri ike nke omimi nke mpaghara euphotic na nkewa 3 nke omimi Secchi, Otú ọ dị, a pụghị iji nke a mee ihe na mmiri na-emighị emi ebe diski nwere ike ịhụ na ala. A na-ejikwa kamera na Ọhụụ kọmputa tụọ ụfụfụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Antonini|first=Giorgio|date=2024-08-16|title=A novel camera-based sensor for real-time wastewater quality monitoring|url=https://iwaponline.com/wpt/article/19/9/3778/104171/A-novel-camera-based-sensor-for-real-time|journal=Water Practice and Technology|volume=19|issue=9|pages=3778–3793|doi=10.2166/wpt.2024.211|issn=1751-231X}}</ref> Nnyocha dị otú ahụ nwere ike iji mmụta igwe chọpụta nsogbu na nsị.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ji|first=Hyon|date=2020-06-22|title=Measurement of Wastewater Discharge in Sewer Pipes Using Image Analysis|journal=Water|language=en|volume=12|issue=6|pages=1771|doi=10.3390/w12061771|issn=2073-4441}}</ref> Ngwaọrụ ọzọ, nke nwere ike inye aka tụọ turbidity na mmiri na-adịghị omimi bụ tubue turbidity. Tube turbidity na-ejikọta mmiri n'ime tube dị iche iche nke na-enye ohere ikpebi turbidity dabere na diski dị iche na ala ya, na-adabere na diski Secchi. A na-eji turbidity na ikuku, nke na-akpata mbe<sub>L</sub> anyanwụ, dị ka ihe atụ nke mmetọ. Iji mepụta mbelata nke irradiance, ewebatala ọtụtụ usoro mgbagwoju anya, gụnyere Linke turbidity factor (TL).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kasten|first=F.|title=The linke turbidity factor based on improved values of the integral Rayleigh optical thickness|date=March 1996|journal=Solar Energy|volume=56|issue=3|pages=239–244|doi=10.1016/0038-092X(95)00114-7}}.</ref> == Ụkpụrụ na usoro nnwale == [[Faịlụ:Turbidimeters.JPG|thumb|A na-eji Turbidimeters na mmiri na-asachapụ mmiri iji tụọ turbidity (na NTU) nke mmiri raw na mmiri doro anya mgbe nzacha.]] === Ụkpụrụ mmiri ọṅụṅụ === Gọọmenti ewepụtala ụkpụrụ maka nhụsianya a na-anabata na mmiri ọñụñụ. Na United States, usoro mmiri ọha na eze nke na-eji usoro nzacha ma ọ bụ nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma agaghị enwe mgbagwoju anya karịa 1.0 NTU na ebe a na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ na ihe nlele niile maka turbidity ga-erughị ma ọ bụ hà nhata 0.3 NTU ma ọ dịkarịa ala 95 pasent nke ihe nlele n'ọnwa ọ bụla. Sistemu ndị na-eji nzacha na-abụghị nke a na-ahụkarị ma ọ bụ nzacha ozugbo ga-agbaso oke steeti, nke ga-agụnye turbidity n'oge ọ bụla gafere 5 NTU. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ na-agba mbọ nweta ọkwa dị ala dị ka 0.1 NTU.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Primary Drinking Water Regulations|url=https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations|date=2022-01-26|publisher=EPA}}</ref> Ụkpụrụ mgbagwoju anya nke Europe bụ 4 NTU.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What are the drinking water standards?|url=http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/consumers/advice-leaflets/standards.pdf|date=June 2017|publisher=Drinking Water Inspectorate (UK)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111190539/http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/consumers/advice-leaflets/standards.pdf|archivedate=2020-11-11}}</ref> === Ụkpụrụ mmiri gburugburu ebe obibi === ==== United States ==== Ụlọ ọrụ US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ebipụtala ụkpụrụ mmiri maka turbidity. Ihe njirisi ndị a bụ nyocha sayensị nke mmetụta turbidity, nke steeti na-eji emepụta ụkpụrụ ịdị mma mmiri maka akụkụ mmiri. (State nwere ike bipụta njirisi nke ha.) Steeti ụfọdụ ewepụtala ụkpụrụ ịdị mma mmiri maka ọgba aghara, gụnyere [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 35ieozpvb2sduox43v4ikp3s42s5ny7 SymbioCity 0 77491 696838 673517 2026-08-04T16:39:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 696838 wikitext text/x-wiki SymbioCity bụ ụzọ zuru oke na nke na-agụnye atụmatụ na mmepe obodo na-adịgide adịgide dabere na ahụmịhe nke obodo ndị Sweden na Omume kachasị mma n'ụwa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sida.se/contentassets/0a5aeb74d5b642329e121f0ffa5fc9a5/15396.pdf|title=Evaluation of the Development of the Sustainable City Approach|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> Kemgbe afọ 2010, a na-eji SymbioCity eme ihe dị ka ngwá ọrụ nkwado maka obodo dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa na ebumnuche zuru oke iji melite Ọnọdụ ndụ maka ụmụ amaala, na-ekwusi ike na ndị ogbenye nọ n'[[Okeama|obodo ukwu]]. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://symbiocity.org/|title=SymbioCity - Towards sustainable and inclusive cities|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> SymbioCity na-enye ngwá ọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na nkwado usoro maka ọrụ dịgasị iche iche - site na otu agbata obi ruo nnukwu ọrụ mmepe mpaghara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.sweco.se/swecos-35-nya-processledare-i-hallbar-samhalls-och-stadsutveckling-bidrar-med-smarta-losningar-for-framtiden/|title=Swecos 35 nya processledare i hållbar samhälls- och stadsutveckling bidrar med smarta lösningar för framtiden! [Sweco´s 35 new process leaders in sustainable urban development contribute with smart solutions for the future!]|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> SymbioCity na-akwado mmepe nke ngwọta mmepe obodo site n'iji usoro jikọrọ aka, usoro ntinye aka na nyocha zuru oke. <ref name=":0" /> A haziri usoro a iji melite nkwado, njikọ aka n'etiti usoro obodo ukwu, itinye aka nke ndị na-eme ihe dị iche iche na mmepe, ịhazi na ijikwa mpaghara obodo ukwu, ọnọdụ mmepe ọzọ, nyocha mmetụta na nyocha. Site na usoro, usoro na ngwaọrụ, SymbioCity na-ejikọta akụ na ụba, gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mpaghara yana okike na echiche ndị ogbenye na mmepe obodo. <ref name=":1" /> SymbioCity na-ele mmepe obodo anya site n'okwukwe na usoro arụmọrụ —ọ bụghị naanị ngwọta teknụzụ—bụ ihe na-enyere anyị aka nwayọọ nwayọọ iru ọnọdụ ndụ ka mma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cib-uclg.org/news/sweden-and-indonesia-work-sustainable-urban-development|title=Sweden and Indonesia work on sustainable urban development|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> N'ime oge 2010 ruo 2020, SymbioCity rụrụ ọrụ site n'ịkwado ọrụ mmepe obodo na mmemme iwulite ikike n'ihe karịrị mba 20 dị na Europe, Africa, Latin America, na Asia.A na-achịkwa ọrụ ndị a site na SymbioCity Secretariat nke dị na SKL International, nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka nke Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sklinternational.se/projects/project/symbiocity-approach-2-0|title=SKL International - SymbioCity Approach 2.0|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217172320/http://sklinternational.se/projects/project/symbiocity-approach-2-0|archivedate=2020-02-17|accessdate=}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|2}} 4pwdfet1suhn8kwrmq4nrg21daj6pf2 Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Rachmat04 3 78112 696868 2026-08-05T06:00:54Z DolphybBot 61063 Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! 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