Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold

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      <text bytes="313283" sha1="kp1leulz4zl5c586kf244jf6z36n11i" xml:space="preserve">Abụ m Olugold ọ na-amasị m inye aka na ọrụ Wikimedia Foundation.

== Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? ==

Hi! Olugold,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

Please vote and encourage other editors of Igbo Wikipedia to also vote.

Regards, [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 16:39, 11 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC)

:Thank you so much [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 20:41, 11 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC)

== Stefania Turkewich ==

Thank you very much for this article, Olugold! [[Ọbanife:Nicola Mitchell|Nicola Mitchell]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Nicola Mitchell|kwuo]]) 10:02, 14 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

:Anytime!😊👍🏾 [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 11:38, 14 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

== [[:Òtù:Candidates for speedy deletion]] ==

Hi, can you please review these deletion requests? '''[[User:Rschen7754|Rs]][[User talk:Rschen7754|chen]][[Special:Contributions/Rschen7754|7754]]''' 23:58, 8 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:Done! Thank you! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 07:20, 9 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

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[[file:Ask Me Anything on Movement Charter, Introduction by Érica Azzellini, English, Nov 12, 2022.webm|thumb|320px|Ask Me Anything session introduction (12 November), presented by a Movement Charter Drafting Committee member.]]

* MCDC members attended the “[[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#Ask Me Anything on Movement Charter sessions|'''Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter''']]” sessions to provide more information about the Movement Charter, its goal, why it matters and how it impacts the communities. Recordings of the presentations in different languages can be found [[m:c:Category:Movement_Charter_videos|here]].
* [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|'''The Movement Charter Ambassadors Program''']]: Movement Charter Ambassadors (MCA) are individuals or groups interested in helping to ensure that their communities are fully engaged in community consultations. MCA are interested in supporting their communities to understand the content of the Movement Charter as well as ensuring that their communities can easily provide feedback. Anyone can become a MCA! [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/grant|Dedicated funds are available]] to support the MCA and their activities. Are you interested in becoming a Movement Charter Ambassador for your community? Sign up [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/Join|here]]!
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcements/Closing membership|'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee will close membership''']]: The  Committee decided not to add new members or replace those who step down after 1 January 2023, unless for exceptional reasons.
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#October 2022|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in October''']]:  The Committee released its regular monthly update from October 2022. It includes highlights about the Committee's progress in drafting the Movement Charter content, its upcoming community consultation and participation at Wikimedia events.

'''Coming up''':

* '''[[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#Community_consultation|Regional feedback conversations]]:''' The MCDC’s community consultations to collect feedback on the first three sections of the Movement Charter will take place between November 20 and December 18, 2022. You are invited to join one of the regional conversations planned for the eight regions (and various languages) of the Movement. Please note that interested people can share their feedback in different ways, including on the [[m:Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]], on the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/c/ensure-equity-in-decision-making/movement-charter/21 Movement Strategy forum], filling out a [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 survey] (anonymously) and sending an email to: [mailto:movementcharter@wikimedia.org movementcharter{{@}}wikimedia.org].
* '''Sign up [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/Join|here]]''' to become a Movement Charter Ambassadors from your community and help ensure that your community is aware of the conversations around the Movement Charter!  
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfirst newsletter, covering November 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Activities'''
* Current: Women in Climate Change editathon in various languages (1 December 2022 - 31 January 2023) (SDG 5 &amp; 13) [17]
* Past: Wikipedia and sustainability, how to increase knowledge on climate change? (SDG all) [1]
* Past: Wikidata editathon in Swedish during COP 27 (SDG  13) [2]

'''News'''
* Wikimedia Nederland signed the Wikimedia Affiliates Environmental Sustainability Covenant (SDG all) [3]
* WikiProject Govdirectory was featured as Digital Public Goods (SDG 16) [11]
* The theme for Wiki Loves Africa 2023 has been revealed: Climate and weather (SDG  13) [16]

'''Resources'''
* Let's Connect learning report - pilot phase 2022 (SDG 17) [15]

'''Research'''
* Recommendations for use of annotations and persistent identifiers in taxonomy and biodiversity publishing [SDG 15) [7]
* A longitudinal analysis of gender diversity in Wikipedia articles (SDG 5) [13]

'''Videos'''
* 10 Anos de Wikidata: Wikidata for Open Access to Cultural Heritage, por Susanna Ånäs (AvoinGLAM) (SDG 11) [14]

'''New WikiProjects'''
* Myosotis Pilot (SDG 15) [12]

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* Bank of information on the historical and cultural heritage of the Republic of Belarus (SDG 11) [4]
* Louisiana Plant ID (SDG 15) [5]
* DrugCentral ID (SDG 3) [8]
* Probes And Drugs ID  (SDG 3) [9]

'''New Wikidata query examples'''
* Map of water bodies in France (SDG 14) [6]
* Gender balances of winners of literary awards (SDG 5) [10]

'''Links'''
* [1] https://www.wikimedia.nl/session_wikiconnl22/
* [2] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Sweden/Swedish_Riksdag_documents/Kopplingssprint_COP_27
* [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Affiliates_Environmental_Sustainability_Covenant
* [4] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11184
* [5] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11189
* [6] https://w.wiki/5wCp
* [7] https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e97374
* [8] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11198
* [9] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11199
* [10] https://w.wiki/5$BR
* [11] https://mailchi.mp/c3e4c371c62a/announcing-new-dpga-members-and-strengthening-dpi-12387620
* [12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM/Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa/What_We%27ve_Done/Myosotis_Pilot
* [13] https://observablehq.com/@pac02/wednesday-index
* [14] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vgh5_oD1yec
* [15] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Let%27s_Connect_learning_report_-_pilot_phase_2022.pdf
* [16] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Africa_2023
* [17] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Climate_Change_2022

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

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[[File:Wikimedia Movement Charter - Values and Principles presentation - November 2022.webm|thumb|256px|right|Presentation about the Values &amp; Principles chapter by MCDC member [[m:User:Geugeor|Georges Fodouop]].]]
[[File:Wikimedia Movement Charter - Roles and Responsibilities presentation - November 2022.webm|thumb|256px|right|Presentation about the Roles and Responsibilities chapter (statement of intent) by MCDC member [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]].]]

* [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#November%202022|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in November''']]''':''' As usual, the Committee released its regular monthly updates from November 2022. This month’s updates include highlights about the external facilitator hiring, next in-person meeting of the Committee and updates about the new drafting groups, among others. 
* [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|'''First community consultation period:''']] From mid November to mid December 2022 the Committee members took part in 8 regional feedback sessions. Committee members joined the sessions to provide clarifications and answer to questions that came from different language communities on the Movement Charter. 
** Recordings of the presentations shared during the regional meetings are available [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Regional Conversations#Regional%20conversation|here]] for those interested. 
** A list '''[[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Frequently Asked Questions|Frequently Asked Questions]]''' that came up in the calls is available on Meta. 
** If you have not shared your feedback on the drafts of the Movement Charter yet, please do so by filling out this [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 '''anonymous survey'''], which is open until '''January 2, 2023''' and is available in '''more than 12 languages'''. 
* [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|'''The Movement Charter Ambassador Program''']] received over 15 proposals. The ambassadors are currently putting their initiatives into action in various local communities. The Movement Charter Ambassadors Program will once again be opened for applications in the second quarter of 2023, in preparation for the next  round of Movement Charter consultations. Both individuals and organizations will be able to apply. Those interested in becoming Movement Charter Ambassadors are encouraged to [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/Join|sign-up]]. 

'''Coming up''':
* '''Community Conversations summary:''' [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|The Movement Strategy and Governance]] team of the Wikimedia Foundation will prepare and publish the final summary report of the community feedback in January 2023. The report will be shared with the MCDC and the communities on different channels of communication. 
* '''Feedback on the Movement Charter:''' There will be additional ways to engage with the Movement Charter content, including the early feedback on the proposed ratification process and a new set of draft chapters in the second quarter of 2023. 
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== Ihe nrite Onye Ntinyeaka ==


{| style=&quot;background-color: #CEF2D4; border: 10px solid Green;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Silverwiki 2 za zásluhy.png|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''Onye ntụgharị Pụrụ iche n'afọ 2022'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | Anyị n'ekele gị maka ọrụ ị na-arụ na &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 Wikipidia Igbo]&lt;/span&gt;. '''Daalụ maka ịtụgharị edemede karịrị nari abụọ'''. Ị mere nke ọma, jisie ike! 
[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 10:48, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC)
|}

:Obi dị mu ụtọ maka ihe nrite nke afọ a. Daalụ nke ukwu! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 20:55, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15)
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15)

'''Resources'''
* New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&amp;t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine &amp; Biota] (SDG 15)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13)
* [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) 
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14)
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14)
* [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 &amp; 14) 
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity &amp; inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

'''Resources'''
* [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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* '''First Community Consultation:''' A concise summary of the community consultation on the initial three drafts of the Charter is now available for your review [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Summary|on Meta]] and [[wmfblog:2023/02/07/movement-charter-community-consultation-summary/|on the Diff platform]]. In addition, you can read about MC Ambassadors are sharing about their experiences: 
** [[wmfblog:2023/02/10/highlights-of-the-movement-charter-drafting-committees-first-community-consultation/|Highlights of the community consultation process, as well as about the Movement Charter Ambassador Program]]. 
** [[wmfblog:2023/02/10/igbo-wikimedians-communitys-participation-in-the-movement-charter-consultation/|The Igbo Wikimedia community’s participation in the MC consultation]].
** [[wmfblog:2023/02/01/ambassadors-of-the-movement-charter-draft-committee-in-the-arabic-speaking-community-share-their-experience/|The experience of Arabic-speaking community members]]. 
* '''What’s next after the community feedback period?''' The Committee is currently reviewing the detailed feedback which consists of 59 pages of comments, in March the Committee will share their response to the comments. The detailed version of the feedback, which the Committee is reviewing, is also available [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/2022|on this Meta page]]. 
* '''MCDC’s Virtual Working Session:''' The Committee gathered virtually from 3rd to 5th February to work on the drafts of the following new set of [[m:Movement Charter/Content|chapters of the Movement Charter]]: Global Council, Hubs, Decision Making, and Roles &amp; Responsibilities. The Committee members worked in their smaller drafting groups first. The full Committee then convened, with representatives of each drafting group presenting the progress made so far, as well as about what type of support is needed for their future sessions. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#January 2023|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in January''']]''':''' The update includes details of the meetings held by the Committee in the month of January 2023, stakeholder conversations, completed work as well as about the new drafting groups, creating glossary and independent legal review. 

'''Coming up:'''
* '''Community feedback on the ratification methodology''' proposal of the future Movement Charter. The feedback was postponed until March 2023. The communities will be able to review the ratification methodology and share their early input on the open questions.  
* '''The MCDC will soon announce a “Call for Advisors”.''' The call will be an invitation for interested individuals with relevant expertise and knowledge to participate in drafting the Charter. Advisors will be considered non-voting members.
* '''Responses to the community consultation feedback''' by the MCDC. The Committee has been carefully reviewing feedback collected in the consultation from November &amp; December 2022, and will publicly share responses to the feedback by March.   
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--14:20, 22 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC).
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== A new Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions update is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-02-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: the latest changes in our development team, info about our participation at the latest Conversation with Trustees, links to the recordings of our last week's meetings, and the latest development updates.

Enjoy the reading!

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 11:28, 27 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
'''Meetings'''
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all)
* [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest &quot;Environmental sustainability and climate crisis&quot; topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all)
* Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on &quot;Tools for Finding the Right Articles&quot; and &quot;Building Article List with Petscan&quot;]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2)

'''Resources'''
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3)

'''Research'''
* [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7)

'''Wikidata query examples'''
* [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11)

'''Featured articles'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15)
File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15)
File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15)
File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15)
File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15)
File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15)
File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15)
File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 18:57, 1 Maachị 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #106 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract_Wikipedia/Updates/2023-03-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: an essay from Denny about deconstructing narratives around functions, links to the recordings of our last presentations, and the latest development updates.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1678127403 today at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading!

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 09:21, 6 Maachị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #107 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract_Wikipedia/Updates/2023-03-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: an essay from Denny about where to store objects for Abstract Wikipedia (and relative problems with such issue) and the next appointment with the community.

About the last point, we remind you that the next Natural Language Generation workstream public meeting will be held on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679416242 March 21, at 16:30 UTC] on Jitsi ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading!

--  [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 11:02, 17 Maachị 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Noun Scroll 308110.svg|120px|right]]
* '''Call for Advisors'''! Individuals interested to support the Drafting Groups or the Subcommittees of the MCDC in the role of an advisor can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd2Fp9NxOox_nxjf9kgV8Q7InIPm4jO9rLmteNkUV34vSHatA/viewform fill out the advisory application form] by May, 2023. The MCDC will be contacting interested individuals on a rolling basis. Do you want to know more about it? Please [[wmfblog:2023/02/21/movement-charter-drafting-committee-call-for-advisors/|read here for more information]]. The information is also available in [[wmfblog:ar/2023/03/02/لجنة-صياغة-ميثاق-الحركة-دعوة-مستشارين/|Arabic]], [[wmfblog:es/2023/03/01/comite-de-redaccion-de-la-carta-del-movimiento-convocatoria-de-asesores/|Spanish]], [[wmfblog:fr/2023/02/27/comite-de-redaction-de-la-charte-du-mouvement-appel-aux-conseillers/|French]], [[wmfblog:pt/2023/02/24/comite-de-redacao-da-carta-do-movimento-wikimedia-chamada-para-pessoas-assessoras/|Brazilian Portuguese]], [[wmfblog:ru/2023/03/02/комитет-по-разработке-устава-движени/|Russian]] and [[wmfblog:zh-hant/2023/03/02/運動憲章起草委員會：徵求顧問/|Chinese]] languages respectively. 
* '''Movement Charter Ambassadors from the Latin America and the Caribbean region''' share their experiences of organizing community conversations on the Movement Charter. Please read the Diff blog [[wmfblog:pt/2023/03/12/programa-de-pessoas-embaixadoras-da-carta-do-movimento-wikimedia-na-america-latina-e-no-caribe/|in Brazilian Portuguese]] and in [[wmfblog:es/2023/03/16/programa-de-embajadores-de-la-carta-del-movimiento-wikimedia-en-america-latina-y-el-caribe/|Spanish languages]]. 
* '''Casual updates''': The MCDC publishes regular casual updates after bi-weekly full Committee meetings, as well as after other drafting group and subcommittee meetings. If you are interested, please read casual updates [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates/Casual|here on Meta]] and on [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-drafting-committees-casual-updates/2079 Movement Strategy Forum]. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#February 2023|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in February''']]''':''' As usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. The MCDC’s monthly updates are also [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charters-discussion-and-monthly-updates/363/20 shared on the multilingual Movement Strategy forum]. 

'''Coming up'''

* '''[[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Responses|MCDC Responses to the community feedback]]''': The MCDC published responses [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Summary|to the community feedback]] on the first set of drafts (collected during a consultation in November - December 2022). The response includes a [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Responses|Summary]], as well as some [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/2022|specific responses to the full community feedback]] (highlighted in orange).
* '''Revised Movement Charter drafts:''' The MCDC will share in the coming month the revised versions of the first two chapters: [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Preamble|Preamble]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]] (including a newly-added glossary), and the revised [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities intentions statement]].
* '''Ratification methodology consultation''': The MCDC is working on a new proposal (not available yet) for a [[m:Movement Charter/Ratification|ratification methodology]]. The proposal will be discussed through a community consultation process, including live meetings to provide feedback. 

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''

&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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--11:34, 21 Maachị 2023 (UTC).
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #108 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-03-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue we announce [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-21780-7_6 a new paper] about Natural Language Generation by [https://www.cse.chalmers.se/~aarne/ Aarne Ranta], member of the Abstract Wikipedia NLG Special Interest Group and professor at the [[:w:en:University of Gothenburg|University of Gothenburg, Sweden]]. The paper is also accessible as a pre-print [https://www.grammaticalframework.org/~aarne/preprint-AAM-textgen.pdf here].

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1680543035 April 3, 2023 at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading!

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 10:50, 24 Maachị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15)
* [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism &amp; Folklore] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5)
* [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15)
Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15)
Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15)
Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15)
Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15)
Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15)
Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15)
Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15)
Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15)
Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15)
Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15)
Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15)
Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15)
Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15)
Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15)
Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15)
Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15)
Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15)
Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15)
Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15)
Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15)
Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15)
Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 07:42, 1 Eprel 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:MCDC_pre_work_at_New_York_BoT_retreat.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Committee's meeting in New York, in early March.]]
* '''Starting conversations on how to ratify the Movement Charter:''' The Committee invites the Wikimedia movement to express opinions on the [[m:Movement Charter/Ratification|'''proposed Movement Charter ratification methodology''']] from April 10 to April 28. Everyone is invited to share feedback [[m:Talk:Movement Charter#Ratification methodology|on the Meta talk page]] or the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-ratification-methodology-community-review-from-10-28-april-2023/2930 Movement Strategy forum]. Two community conversation hours are planned to take place: on '''April 18 at 10.00 UTC''' and '''April 24 at 17.00 UTC'''. Please [[m:Movement Charter/Ratification/Ratification methodology review launch|read the details here]]. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Responses|'''MCDC’s responses to the community feedback are now on Meta''']]''':''' The Committee has shared a summary of their responses and next steps based on the feedback from the first round of community consultation which took place late 2022.
* '''What to read on Diff?''' 
** [[wmfblog:2023/03/17/4-movement-charter-ambassadors-from-the-french-speaking-community-share-their-experience/|'''Learn more about the Movement Charter Ambassadors work''']]''':''' Movement Charter Ambassadors from the French-speaking community share their experience. 
** MCDC member [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]] has written a blog post titled “[[wmfblog:2023/03/30/an-excerpt-from-my-life-movement-strategy-and-mcdc/|An excerpt from my life, movement, strategy and MCDC]]”. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#Meetings|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in March''']]''':''' the monthly Committee’s updates include information about the coordination efforts with Wikimedia Germany, update on membership, submission to Wikimania 2023, participation at the Wikimedia Foundations Board of Trustees’ strategic retreat in New York in March 2023. 

'''Coming up:''' 

* '''Revised chapters:''' The Committee is preparing to publish the revised draft chapters of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Preamble|The Preamble]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities]] intentions statement, based on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/2022|the community feedback]] received in November and December 2022. 
* '''Inviting advisors and experts:''' The Committee is preparing to welcome a number of advisors from outside the Committee. All interested Wikimedians were invited to apply earlier (you can still [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd2Fp9NxOox_nxjf9kgV8Q7InIPm4jO9rLmteNkUV34vSHatA/viewform apply here]!). Additionally, the Committee is planning and scheduling meetings with individuals with specific sets of expertise in various topics, including stewards, movement committees, Wikimedia Foundation and affiliate staff, and others.

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--19:18, 15 Eprel 2023 (UTC).
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #109 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-04-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: a reflection about implementation of functions, a [https://keet.wordpress.com/2023/03/14/some-reflections-on-designing-abstract-wikipedia-so-far/ reflection on Abstract Wikipedia] from [[User:Keet10|Prof. Maria Keet]], and a reminder about an in-person talk about Abstract Wikipedia in Sweden.

Also, we remind you that the next Natural Language Generation special interest group public meeting will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682440206 April 25, 2023 at 16:30 UTC]''' on Jitsi ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]). Special guest of the meeting will be [https://github.com/olpa/multi-nlg Oleg Parashchenko], who will share his experience and thoughts about implementing a multilingual NLG system. 

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 09:11, 21 Eprel 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #110 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-04-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: Wikimedia Endowment finances development of the project, and the team has published its manifesto, Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) and communications principles.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1683567008 May 8, 2023 at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:54, 2 Mee 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15)
* Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&amp;ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13)
* [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)

'''Research'''
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4)
* [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51]
* [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11)
* [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15)
Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15)
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15)
White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15)
Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2)
Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula &amp; Canna indica (SDG 15)
Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15)
Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15)
Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15)
Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15)
Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15)
Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15)
Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15)
Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15)
Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38]
Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39]
California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40]
Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15)
Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15)
White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43]
Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15)
Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15)
Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 19:31, 2 Mee 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
'''Updates:''' 
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#April_2023_ratification_methodology_community_review|Charter Ratification Methodology proposal conversations]]''': The Movement Charter Drafting Committee recently held the first conversations regarding the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification|ratification methodology for the Movement Charter]]. The MCDC has received valuable feedback from different communities and the Committees during the community input period. The report of the community input will be shared in May, while the updated version of the ratification methodology will be presented between September and November 2023.  
* '''Communication evaluation''': The Communications sub-committee of the MCDC together with the support staff conducted an evaluation of the communications. The Communications sub-committee appreciates the time and input of the community members who shared their opinions during the interviews. Several recommendations are going to be implemented in the upcoming period based on the valuable input.  
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates#April_2023|Learn about the MCDC’s work in April]]''': The MCDC continues to draft additional chapters: The Global Council, Hubs, Decision-making and Roles &amp; Responsibilities. Alongside the drafting work, the MCDC is planning their in-person meeting scheduled for 2-4 June in Utrecht, Netherlands with the aim of advancing the charter's content. 

'''What’s coming up?'''
* Participants of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiNusantara_2023|WikiNusantara 2023 in Banjarmasin, Indonesia]] are invited to join a [[m:WikiNusantara_2023/Acara/Selayang_Pandang_Arah_Strategis_Gerakan_Wikimedia:_Kolaborasi_WMF_dan_Komunitas|session on the topics around Wikimedia Movement Strategy and community collaboration]] on May 20. [[m:User:RamzyM_(WMF)|Ramzy Muliawan]] will provide updates, share about the Movement Charter Ambassadors Program and answer the questions. 

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #111 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-05-12|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: a new full stack software engineer joins the development team, and a presentation of a paper co-authored by Denny about the history of Wikidata.

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:04, 15 Mee 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletters #112 and #113 are out ==

There are new updates for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions! Please, come and read them!

On May 17, 2023, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-05-17|thanked Julia]] for her work and we wished her well for her new work with the Trust &amp; Safety team.

On May 25, 2023, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-05-25|presented our new viewing and editing experience]] for Wikifunctions.

Want to catch-up with the previous updates? Check [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:58, 26 Mee 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #114 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: a very brief note about the Wikimedia Hackathon in Athens.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1685986233 June 5, 2023 at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Note: since last time we've had some network problems with Jitsi, &lt;u&gt;in case of new malfunctions&lt;/u&gt; during next meeting we will provide on short notice a Google Meet link to the participants. Thanks for your understanding.

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 07:08, 3 Jụn 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #115 is out ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue we present the new interface for multilingual editing, and we discuss the results of our &quot;fix-it week&quot;.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:35, 9 Jụn 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletters #116 and #117 are out ==

There are new updates for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions! Please, come and read them!

On June 22, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-22|summarised the results]] of our annual in-person meeting in Delft, The Netherlands.

On June 28, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-28|thanked Cai and Allan]] for their work and we wished them well for their new endeavours.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1689010212 July 10, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:02, 4 Julaị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletters #118 to #121 are out ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
There are new updates for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions! Please, come and read them!

On July 20, we shared an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-20|update on our plans for the initial deployment of Wikifunctions]] in the next few weeks, what will be possible, and changes to the development in the last few weeks. Also, a request for suggestions on what should be the very first Function to be created in Wikifunctions.

On July 17, we announced a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-17|grant from Google.org]].

On July 12, we announced a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-12|grant from The Rockefeller Foundation]].

On July 7, we welcomed a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-07|new Director of Product]] to the team.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 21:38, 20 Julaị 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Noun Scroll 308110.svg|180px|right]]
''This newsletter combines content from both June and July, due to a delay in sharing out the previous newsletter.''

'''Updates:''' 
* '''New Movement Charter content published:''' The Committee published new draft chapters on the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|'''Global''' '''Council''']], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|'''Hubs''']] and the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Glossary|'''Glossary''']]. You are invited to share your feedback or ask any questions you may have to the Committee before September 1, 2023 on the following talk pages:
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|Share your feedback on The Global Council draft]] 
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|Share your feedback on Hubs draft]] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft|'''Revised draft chapters published on Meta:''']] The Committee has shared the revised draft chapters: [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Preamble|Preamble]], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]], and [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities]] intentions statement. These revisions are based on the [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#November-December 2022 consultation|community feedback]] received in November-December 2022. 
* [[m:wmfblog:2023/06/02/how-will-the-wikimedia-movement-ratify-its-charter/|'''Ratification Methodology community feedback:''']] The summary of community feedback on the proposed methodology for the ratification of the Charter is on Diff. 

* Listen to the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy_IQ_G1wEI '''WikiAfrica Hour #46: Africa and Movement Charter'''], where MCDC members [[m:User:Anass Sedrati|Anass Sedrati]] and [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|Georges Foudoup]]  talk about Movement Charter, its aims and objectives, and the relevance to the African community. 
* MCDC member’s are busy participating in various community events to discuss Movement Charter. [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]], a member of the Global Council and Roles and Responsibilities Drafting Groups [[m:EduWiki Conference 2023/Program/MCDC|joined the EduWikiConference 2023]].  The MCDC support staff [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|Ramzy Muliawan]] shared updates about the charter at [[m:WikiNusantara 2023|WikiNustantara 2023]] in Banjarmasin, Indonesia ([https://twitter.com/wikimediaid/status/1659772318913294336 @wikimediaid on Twitter]). The Wikimedia communities in Indonesia were engaged by [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|Movement Charter Ambassador]] [[m:User:Arcuscloud|Arcuscloud]] in the [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|last round of community conversations]]. 

* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#May 2023|'''Learn about MCDC’s work in May &amp; June:''']] as usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''What’s coming up?''' 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#MCDC Live Launch Party|'''Join the live launch party''']]: The Drafting Committee is hosting a launch party on July 30th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1690725614 14.00 UTC] to celebrate the new drafts, introduce them to the community and give space for sharing thoughts and feedback. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZYsdOiurT0vHta6stHaiHHEyrwK3RUPveBR#/registration '''Register here to receive a Zoom link to the launch party.'''] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Ambassadors Program/Grant|'''Movement Charter Community Conversation grants''']] are open for individuals or groups who want to organize conversations about the Charter content. Talk to us if you need any support on [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/c/ensure-equity-in-decision-making/movement-charter-ambassadors/38 the MS Forum]! Apply for a grant before Jul 30, 2023. 
* [[m:wmania:2023:Wikimania|'''Wikimania 2023''']]''':''' Wikimania 2023: Members of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee are excited to be attending Wikimania Singapore in August, to speak to and hear from you in person (and hybrid) about the four drafts and the Charter in general.
* '''Community events:''' MCDC members will be present in the [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2023|CEE Meeting]] in September in Georgia to discuss the Charter content with the CEE and CA communities. In addition, the MCDC prioritizes participation in the conferences planned for 2023 to continue conversations on the content of the Charter with the communities: [[m:WikiConvention francophone/2023|WikiConvention Francophone]], [[m:WikiWomenCamp 2023|WikiWomen Camp]],  [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2023|WikiIndaba Morocco]], [[m:wikiconference:2023/Main_Page|WikiConference North America]], [[m:GLAM Wiki 2023|GLAM Wiki Conference]], among others.

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--12:25, 30 Julaị 2023 (UTC).
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #122 is out: Wikifunctions is live! ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page Wikifunctions.org] is live (in read-only mode), we welcome a new member of the team, and we announce a new job opening.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:02, 31 Julaị 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter: August 2023&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
'''Updates'''
* '''Community consultation''': The community consultation on the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council|Global Council]], [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs|Hubs]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Glossary|Glossary]] drafts is ongoing. We value your input, if you have not already, please take a moment to review the draft chapters and share your thoughts with the MCDC. We’ve posed open questions we would like your opinion on. Feel free to engage in a way that is most comfortable for you and your community. Learn more on our Diff blogs about the [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/13/a-global-council-for-our-movement/ Global Council] and [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/27/building-wikimedia-movement-hubs-together/ Hubs]. 
* '''Launch Party''': On July 30 we hosted a Launch Party to share the Global Council and Hubs draft chapters. It was an inspiring event where we had the opportunity to listen to your feedback and address some of your questions. If you missed it, you can catch the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SItWeX78tv8&amp;list=LL&amp;index=4 recording on YouTube].
* '''Community Conversations''': We want to hear from as many people as possible. On July 16, the SWAN meeting opened its doors and offered an opportunity to interact with the MCDC members regarding the new drafts of the charter. [[m:Strategic_Wikimedia_Affiliates_Network/2023_07#Notes|Notes are available here]]. On July 28, a regional conversation with the Francophone community was held. Here comes a [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council#Summary_of_the_feedback_from_the_francophone_conversation|short summary here in English and French]]. Additionally, on August 2 we had a fruitful conversation with the [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs#Summary_from_2_August_call|LATAM region]]. 
* '''[[m:Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates#July_2023|MCDC’s Work in July]]''': As usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''Upcoming'''
* '''Join the MCDC at Wikimania''': Whether you’ll be at Wikimania 2023 in person or joining virtually, there are a few events that we would like to invite you to. Please drop by for a casual conversation. We would love to connect to workshop any ideas together. Drop in, get a sweet treat, and share your thoughts with us! [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2023:Registration Register] and see below for an overview of our time together: 
** Tuesday, August 15
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 02:00|02:00 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/UVKSKQ/ '''Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Connection track - Welcome and opening'''] (Room 325)
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 05:45|05:45 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/FJCXUP/ '''Movement Charter Drafting Committee: Open office hour'''] (Room 326)
** Wednesday, August 16
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-16 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/EYGDHC/ '''Role Play the Future Roles and Responsibilities in the Movement'''] (Room 326)
** Thursday, 17 August
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-17 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/AWXHMA/ '''Movement Charter Content Discussions'''] (Room 310)
* A '''[[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Regional_conversation:_Middle_East_and_North_Africa|regional call tailored for the MENA region]]''' will be conducted in Arabic on September 2 at 17.00 UTC. Kindly indicate your interest to attend this meeting.  
''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta-wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

MCDC Support Team, 23:53, 14 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
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== Spam article ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] [[Suraj Rana]] a blank page, requested for speedy deletion under the reason of &quot;no useful content, spam page&quot; [[Ihü kárírí:Contributions/82.115.220.168|82.115.220.168]] 12:16, 20 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thanks for this notification [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 17:17, 20 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Spam Articles ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Pages that are requested for speedy deletion, I mentioned the link to the page &amp; reason below :

1) [[Krishnam Kumar]] 

Reason : Language, written in english language in igbo wikipedia also, Telegram links are included in reference list, it indicates self promotion links.

2) [[Jhonnchefe]]

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included like spotify, apple music, jaxta, YouTube.

3) [[Faaxy]]

Reason : Language (English)

4) [[الشيخ محمد حمزة التميمي]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

5) [[مسكنك]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

6) [[إيجي سكاي]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

7) [[أراتوك]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

8) [[كيرلس مجدي القمص]]
Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 01:30, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thanks for this notification. Done! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:05, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Spam Articles (for speedy deletion) ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Again I'm here to show some spam articles, Pages that are requested for speedy deletion, I mentioned the link to the page &amp; reason below :


1) [[اشرف عظيم وخبرته الواسعة في التسويق]]

Reason : Language (English)


2) [[Mohamed Mohsen]] 

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included like Facebook, TikTok, Instagram


3) [[Exclusive Movies (Streaming Platform)]]

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram 


4) [[Iftkhar Mughal ( Actor )]]

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included - Instagram


5) [[Vivek Tripathi - Actor]]

Reason : Language (English)


6) [[Nitin Meena]]

Reason : Language (English)


7) [[Kiddyong]]

Reason : Language, Contains personal informations - &quot;phone number, email adddress,&quot; also it is just a self promoting article even you can able to understand by seeing the first line of that article &quot;Kiddyong The Naughty Kid&quot;???

7) [[Omar Yahya (actor)]]

Reason : Language (English), Self Promotional links are included - telegram, I couldn't find any real Movies of his and his biography is disorganized

8) [[King Media]]

Reason : Language (English), Self Promotional links are included - telegram

9) [[Yahya Moussa]]

Reason : Self Promotional links are included - telegram


[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 18:10, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thank you once again for bringing these to my notice. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 18:25, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
::@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Welcome :)   [[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 01:19, 22 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Spam articles  ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Once again here to show some spammy articles written in &quot;Arabic language&quot; with &quot;Self promotional links&quot;


1) [[محمد عتال]]

Reason : Language (Arabic), Self Promotional Links - SoundCloud, Spotify Anghami


2) [[وسام شاهين]]

Reason : Language (Arabic)


3) [[محمد جابر طه]]

Reason : Language (Arabic)


[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 14:55, 22 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thank you so much! Do not hesitate to tag me for cleanup. I sincerely appreciate your efforts. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 21:27, 22 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
::@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] 2 more spammy articles too. This time I included reason and additional reasons.
::1) [[Abdul Rahman Al Rubaie]]
::'''• Reason''' : Language (English), No useful content
::'''• Additional Reason''' : I searched about this person and I can't even able to get a single result about this person. This article contains only one paragraph, it says that he is football coach, other than it doesn't includes any notable works about him.

::2) [[Ahmed ALshehri]]
::'''• Reason''' : Language (English), No useful content
::'''• Additional reason''' : as same as mentioned in the first article.
:: Another info - [[Nitin Meena]] This page was previously deleted because of language and multiple issues, this article was re-created by the same person [[ 2401:4900:41E8:A08C:D5B9:C39B:83A4:2E9C]] and I noticed that he is the person who is creating autobiography on themself as you can see his message on here: [[Okwu:Nitin Meena]].
 
::Also thank you for your each responses.  [[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 11:18, 24 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
:::Thanks @[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]], I have responded accordingly.-- [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 15:13, 24 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #125 is out: Wikimania digest, CoSMo language, GFpedia demo, CCKS keynote ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-08-31|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we recap what happened at our sessions at Wikimania 2023, we talk about some new updates regarding our Natural Language Generation special interest group (NLG SIG), and we briefly speak about Denny's most recent keynote speech.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:35, 1 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #126 is out: Let's start building morphological paradigms! ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-09-08|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, Denny proposes a call for action for creating morphological paradigms on Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 19:25, 10 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #127 is out: Renderers and parsers for types ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-09-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, Denny introduces a discussion about how to represent integers on Wikifunctions and its related challenges.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:07, 22 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #128 is out: Serializers and deserializers for types ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-09-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, Denny introduces a discussion about how to make types easier to use, by discussing serializers and deserializers, and their role in Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:47, 29 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #129 is out: Arguments made easier ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-10-04|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the recent improvements that made it easy to reference arguments in functions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:58, 5 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #130 is out: Running on WebAssembly ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-10-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our decision of rewriting the evaluator encapsulation service, in order to make it run on [[:w:en:WebAssembly|WebAssembly]].

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:31, 27 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC)
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== Crosswiki spam ==

Dear colleague, I have found your name at the page of sysop requests though I cannot figure out if you were elected eventually or not. But as you seem to be esteemed member of ig.wiki community, you know better what to do. It's about the article [[Hacktivist Vanguard]] which seems to be the last remnants of massive crosswiki spam and as such is the subject for speedy deletion. I'd be grateful if you take necessary steps according to the rules and habits of your local wiki. The best, [[Ọbanife:Андрей Романенко|Андрей Романенко]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Андрей Романенко|ṅkátá]]) 19:51, 3 Novemba 2023 (UTC)

:Dear@[[Ọbanife:Андрей Романенко|Андрей Романенко]] thanks for bringing this to my notice. Yes, I'm a sysop on the Wiki. I'll do the needful. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 21:02, 3 Novemba 2023 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #131 is out: Python on WebAssembly; Improved Object selector; Next volunteer's corner ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our latest technical improvements on Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1699900200 November 13, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:16, 6 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #132 is out: Wikifunctions, the library of functions that anyone can use and edit ==

[[File:Anyone can edit Wikifunctions.png|center|alt=Wikifunctions can now be edited by anyone!|660x660px]]

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we finally announce that Wikifunctions is on general availability, and that functions can be run also by non-logged in users!

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1699900200 November 13, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:50, 10 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #133 is out: What types next? ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-16|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss which new types of functions should we support and the latest changes to the software.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:10, 18 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #134 is out: Welcome, Grace and Miguel! Appointing Functioneers now by community ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present two new members of the team, we discuss the latest changes in software, and we announce that Functioneer right will be now assigned by the community.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1701714600 December 4, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:01, 1 Disemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #135 is out: Announcing Wikifunctions on the Wikimedia Foundation blog. Looking for feedback on the Function page proposal ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-12-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/12/05/introducing-wikifunctions-first-wikimedia-project-to-launch-in-a-decade-creates-new-forms-of-knowledge/ the latest blogpost] about us on WMF blog, and we invite you to share your feedback at the [[:f:Wikifunctions:Project chat#Function page proposal: looking for feedback|Wikifunctions' Project chat]] on the new proposed designs for the Function page.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 19:06, 7 Disemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #136 is out: Looking back at 2023 ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-12-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we look back at all the accomplishments that we achieved in 2023 and we thank you all for your help in achieving them. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

This will be the last newsletter for 2023, so see you again in 2024!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:49, 15 Disemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development,

As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024.

'''Highlights of 2023:'''

;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year.

;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead.

;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale.

;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem.

;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future.

'''Acknowledging Challenges:'''

While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed.

'''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:'''

As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community.

Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future.

Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year!

Warm regards,
[[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]]

PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it.

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #137 is out: Introducing our first new type: Lists ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our newest and much requested type of function, list. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1704738600 January 8, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:37, 5 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #138 is out: The Joy of Collaboration; Introducing the Function of the Week: reverse string ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you an essay from Denny and we introduce a new section of the newsletter, dedicated to the &quot;function of the week&quot;. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

We also wanted to note that we are in the process of moving the Updates from Meta to Wikifunctions. We'll keep you updated about it.

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:27, 12 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #139 is out: Refreshing the Function page; Function of the Week: ROT13 ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-17|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce a redesign and rewrite of the Function page and we present our first &quot;function of the week&quot;. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:05, 19 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #140 is out: Getting debug information from code; Function of the Week: Wrap string ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss debugging in implementations and we present our new &quot;function of the week&quot;. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:54, 26 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #141 is out: The Igbo Imperative! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-01|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we focus on language functions in Igbo, a language spoken by more than 44 million people in South-Eastern Nigeria. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Starting from this issue, the status updates will be hosted on Wikifunctions, instead of Meta. One more step towards maturation of the project!

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive (on Meta)]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1707157800 February 5, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:14, 2 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]].
* Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you.

; Other news
* New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]]
* Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #142 is out: Quarterly planning. Thank you, Nick! Function of the Week: is permutation ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss about the results of our last internal planning meeting, whose objective was to define what we will work on in this quarter. Also, we take a look at the latest changes in the team and the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive on Wikifunctions]] and [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|also on Meta]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:22, 8 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Assuranc29|Assuranc29]] (16:16, 14 Febụwarị 2024) ==

Please what it all about --[[Ọbanife:Assuranc29|Assuranc29]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Assuranc29|ṅkátá]]) 16:16, 14 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #143 is out: Fix-it week ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-14|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we take a look at the latest software developments, after our monthly &quot;fix-it week&quot;, where we work on technical debt and other issues that pile up in our daily work.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive on Wikifunctions]] and [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|also on Meta]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:19, 16 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #144 is out: Updating the function model ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present the new documentation about our [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Function model|function model]] and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:55, 23 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #145 is out: Type proposal for natural numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our progresses with the new natural numbers type, we talk about events we are taking part to, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1709577000 March 4, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:40, 1 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #146 is out: Introducing our second new type: Natural numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the launch of the new natural numbers type, we talk about events we are taking part to, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:58, 8 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]])
* Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]]

; Other news
* Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14)
* Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) 
* Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #147 is out: On identity ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the notion of identity and present our latest document about [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Representing identity|how we represent it]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:27, 14 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #148 is out: On the way to internationalizing numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-21|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our progresses with the implementation of renderers and parsers for natural numbers, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:11, 22 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #149 is out: Creating tests is now much easier! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our progresses with tests and how it is easier to make them, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 29 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #150 is out: Product Update on Diff and Upcoming API Improvements ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-04-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/03/27/wikifunctions-where-we-are-now-and-what-you-can-do/ our latest blog post on Diff], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1712615400 April 8, at 22:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:23, 4 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #151 is out: New API for calling Wikifunctions and celebrating 1000 functions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-04-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the new API for calling Wikifunctions, we celebrate our first 1,000 functions, and we take a look at the latest software developments. Also, there's [https://boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/5850672 a job opening] for joining our team!

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:57, 12 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #152 is out: Welcome, Sharvani! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-04-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome a new member of the team and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 22 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Henny17|Henny17]] (00:01, 26 Eprel 2024) ==

Hello
I want to start editing --[[Ọbanife:Henny17|Henny17]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Henny17|ṅkátá]]) 00:01, 26 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Ọbanife:Henny17|Henny17]]! Are you in the community WhatsApp group? That's where must editing sessions and training are announced. You can also join the Igbo community hubs around your area. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:38, 26 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

== Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]]!

Aha mụ bụ [[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|Uzoma Ozurumba]], ana mụ arụrụ ndi WMF orụ. Biko, onwe ozi ndi WMF Language team zitere ndi Igbo Wikimedians nọ na [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako|igwe nkata Wikipedia]].

Ebe ibu otu onye nime ndi na atughari edemede na Igbo Wikipedia, ọ ga amasi anyi ma [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako#Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia|igụọ ozi anyi]] gbasara mgbanwe ndi otu [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] chọrọ ime na igwe ntughari okwu nke nọ na Igbo Wikipedia, ma gwa anyi ebumunobi gi maka ya.

Daalụ sọ maka ọru gi nile na ikwado ọmumu ihe na asụsụ Igbo.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 20:17, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

:Ndewo@[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]. Daalụ maka ozi a i zitere. A gụrụ m ozi ahụ ma tinye kwa ebumunobi  [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako#Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia|ebe a]]. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:34, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]]

; Other news
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13)
* On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the  Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia.
* WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: &quot;[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]&quot; (SDG 13)
* WikiForHumanRights organized a session: &quot;[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]&quot;

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May.  (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #153 is out: Team meeting and Quarterly plan ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the results of our team meeting held in San Francisco, USA, as well as presenting the objectives that we will pursue in the next months.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:57, 4 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteer's Corner is on May 6 ==

We remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1715016600 May 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Apologies for the reaching out to you with a separate message.

See you at the meeting! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:12, 4 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #154 is out: Flagship type for enumerations: Months of the Gregorian calendar ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our first proposal for a new type for enumerations and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 13 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #155 is out: Call for Functions: Spell out the number! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we call on you to help us doing new language functions about numbers and we also take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:01, 16 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #156 is out: New type - Gregorian calendar months ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce our initial enumeration Type, Gregorian calendar months, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:18, 23 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #157 is out: A single singular or a plurality of plurals? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the various implications of linguistic functions about singulars and plurals, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1717435800 June 3, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:17, 31 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June
* [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]]
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]])
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023]
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #158 is out: New Type: Sign ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new enumeration type, Sign, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

We are also looking for feedback for our next new types. See [[:f:Wikifunctions:Project chat#Testing two new types|the announcement at the Project Chat]] for more information.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:59, 7 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo Nwa-ada @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]],

Imere otu ole? Enwerem olileanya na ahụ di gi nma.

Biko, onwe ozi ndi WMF Language team zitere ndi otu Igbo Wikipedia maka ngwa ọrụ ha chọrọ itineyere anyi. Ọ ga-amasi anyi ma igụọ ihe gbasara [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako#Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia|'''ozi a''']], ma testia ngwa a, ma zaghachi anyi ebunuche gi gbasara itinye ngwa ọrụ a nke a na akpọ &quot;MinT for Wiki Readers&quot; na ịgbo Wiki.

Inwekwara ike ime ka ndi otu Igbo Wikipedia ndi ọzọ mata maka ozi a ma gwa anyi uche ha igwe ozi.

Daalụ sọ! [[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 23:57, 10 Jụn 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #159 is out: New Type: Igbo calendar months ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new enumeration type, this time for the thirteen months of the [[:en:Igbo calendar|Igbo calendar]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:21, 14 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #160 is out: New Type: Integers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we are happy to announce that we introduced another new type, [[:f:Z16683|integers]], that will increase our coverage of mathematical functions. Moreover, we take a look at the (many!) software developments we introduced in the last week.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:07, 21 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Kwinkate|Kwinkate]] (21:51, 21 Jụn 2024) ==

Hello --[[Ọbanife:Kwinkate|Kwinkate]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Kwinkate|ṅkátá]]) 21:51, 21 Jụn 2024 (UTC)

:Hello [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 04:02, 22 Jụn 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #161 is out: Welcome, Daphne! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome a new member of the team, we ask for feedback about [[:f:Wikifunctions:Design/About widget improvements|our &quot;About&quot; widget designs]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1719855000 July 1, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:20, 27 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC)
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July
* User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]]
* The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13)
* [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)
* WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16)

; Events
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #162 is out: Quarterly planning ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present our objectives and lines of work for this quarter, we remember to give your feedback about [[:f:Wikifunctions:Design/About widget improvements|our &quot;About&quot; widget designs]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1720459800 July 8, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:59, 5 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #163 is out: Type proposals for accessing Lexemes ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our current draft about Type proposals for accessing Lexemes, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:21, 12 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== First meet ==

Nnọọ @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]], I came from English WP, and I am a bit interested with languages, since I am a seminarian, and often speak little Igbo. I presume many of our editors are on the English based. I will want you to keep good eye here since I will try creating, revamping, and tagging for deletion also. Asirim ka m gwa gi. It is also part of my learning to advance in it. [[Ọbanife:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SafariScribe|ṅkátá]]) 14:30, 15 Julaị 2024 (UTC)

:Ndewo @[[Ọbanife:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]]! It's really great to have you here.👍🏽 I see your works on the English Wikipedia, way to go! I started with the English Wikipedia, then moved to Igbo when I discovered it was available. Though I still edit the English Wikipedia sometimes...You are welcome and if you need assistance or anything you think I can help out with, please feel free to let me know. Obi dị m ụtọ na ị bịara ịnọnyere anyị, nnọọ! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 03:00, 16 Julaị 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #164 is out: Research report on integrating Wikifunctions from Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-18|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you the results of a research about how to integrate Wikifunctions and Wikipedia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:33, 19 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #165 is out: Wikimania 2024 coming soon! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our upcoming Wikifunctions events at Wikimania 2024, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:13, 29 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]]
* Next user group meeting will be 18 August

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch]  (SDG 10&amp;16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13)

; Events
* 5th August,  [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024  Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13)
* 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] 
* 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13)

; Participate
* Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #169 is out: Limits on Name and Description Lengths ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the introduction of more stringent limits on the length of object names, input names, and descriptions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]! You might be interested in the [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-02|launch of our &quot;About&quot; widget]], a [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-16|summary of our experience at Wikimania 2024]], or the [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-23|refinement of WasmEdge]].

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1725298200 September 2, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:04, 30 Ọgọọst 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]].
* User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]])

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 &amp; 16)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15)
* Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now 

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11)

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== Pages nominated for deletion ==

Hello @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] this are the pages with no information on Igbo wikipedia I told you about. Please help me delete them.

1 [[Innocent Anyanwu]]

2 [[Ikedi Ohakim]]

3 [[Iheanyi Uwaezuoke]]

4 [[Ifunanyachi Achara]]

5[[Ibezito Ogbonna|I bezito Ogbonna]]

6 [[Holmes Onwukaife]]

7 [[Henry Nwawuba]]

8 [[Francis Okaroh]]

9 [[Francis Arinze]]

10 [[Ezenwa Otorogu]]

11 [[Eric Obinna Chukwunyelu]]

12 [[Ephraim Ikeakor]]

13 [[Emmanuel Okala]]

14 [[Emmanuel Ekwueme]]

15 [[Edwin Ume-Ezeoke]]

16 [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]

17 [[Clarion Chukwura]]

18 [[Chukwuemeka Chikelu]]

19 [[Chima Anyaso]]

20 [[Chikelue Iloenyosi]]

21 [[Chijioke Ejiogu]]

22 [[Charles Chukwuma Soludo]]

23 [[Cedric Ogbuehi]]

24 [[Bruno Ibeh]]

25 [[Bonaventure Enemali]]

26 [[Augustine Nwagwu]]

27 [[Augustine Aniebo]]

28 [[Anyika Onuora]]

29 [[Jude Aneke]]

30 [[Kennedy Ihenacho]]

31 [[Kelvin Ebuka Nwamora]]

32 [[Kenechuhwu Uchenwa]]

33 [[Kennedy Nzechukwu]]

34 [[Kingsley Chibueze Onyeukwu]][[Ihü kárírí:PermaLink/186940|2]]

35 [[Louis Okoye]][[Ihü kárírí:PermaLink/186939|2]]

36 [[Maxwell Anikwenwa]][[Ihü kárírí:PermaLink/186938|2]]

37 [[Victoria Ohuruogu]]

38 [[Valerian Ume-Ezeoke]]

39 [[Obinna Nwaneri]]

40 [[Ugonna Ozurigbo]]

41 [[Ugonna Anyora]]

42 [[Uchechukwu N. Maduako]]

43 [[Steve Eboh]]

44 [[Rolland Ezuruike]]

45 [[Philomena Obiageliuwa Uyanwah]]

46 [[Obinna Eregbu]]

47 [[Osita Henry Chikere]]

48 [[Okwesilieze Nwodo]]

49 [[Okey Uzoeshi]]

50 [[Sikiratu Sindodo]]

51 [[Abba Moro]]

52 [[Ramatu Tijani Aliyu]] [[Ọbanife:Ogalihillary|Ogalihillary]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Ogalihillary|ṅkátá]]) 13:04, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC)

:Thanks @[[Ọbanife:Ogalihillary|Ogalihillary]] thanks for this notification. I'll do the needful. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 16:08, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #171 is out: Dagbani Wikipedia will be our first wiki for Wikifunctions integration ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-13|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce Dagbani Wikipedia as our first wiki for Wikifunctions integration, discuss the recent stability challenges we've had in the past few days, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:51, 13 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #172 is out: Introducing focus topic areas ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-20|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce focus topic areas for generating natural language texts and we update you on last week's site incident.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:30, 21 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #173 is out: Quarterly planning for October–December 2024 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-26|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we give you an overview of what we will focus on in the next three months, we discuss our presentation at [[:m:Celtic Knot Conference 2024|Celtic Knot conference 2024]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:42, 26 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]]

; Other news
* [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube])
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13)

; Events
* Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13)

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:26, 1 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt; •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #174 is out: Focus topic: food ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss one of our next topics we will focus on for our work: food. We hope you have a good appetite for discussion. :)

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1728322200 October 7, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:42, 4 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #175 is out: Wikidata Lexemes in Wikifunctions are coming soon ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a preview of our planned support for Wikidata lexemes in Wikifunctions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:54, 11 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #176 is out: What could abstract content look like? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present some thoughts by [[User:Mahir256]] about how abstract content could look like in the future, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:12, 17 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] (23:51, 17 Ọktoba 2024) ==

How can I be promoted to administrative level here? --[[Ọbanife:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Goodymaraj|ṅkátá]]) 23:51, 17 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #177 is out: Our goal for this Quarter: Agreement ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our goal of building up phrases from Lexemes using linguistic agreement, i.e. accordance to number and gender when constructing a phrase.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:32, 25 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC

; Other news
* Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15)

; Events
* November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change &amp; Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #178 is out: Rewriting the backend ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-01|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss how the team is working hard to rewrite Wikifunctions' backend, to overcome some of the limits we encountered with the current language.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1730745000 November 4, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:19, 2 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #179 is out: The dream of a Universal Language ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we talk about several presentation in and around the topics of languages and our work, we discuss the current refactoring of our functions catalogue and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 22:50, 7 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #180 is out: New type: Rational numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you our newest Type, [[:f:Z19677|rational numbers]], as well as the new renderer and parser for natural numbers, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:40, 14 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== We need your help with Igbo Wikipedia Main Page ==

Ndewo Goody,
Biko nyere anyi aka, mmadu mebisiri ihu mbu Igbo Wikipedia. A na m acho ka mweghachi ya mana okweghi. Biko nyere anyi aka. [[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 13:38, 19 Novemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #181 is out: New special page for missing labels, new type for Gregorian years, and much more ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-21|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new special page for objects with a missing label, we present two new types (Gregorian year and Wikidata statement rank), we showcase several contributions made by you volunteers, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:23, 22 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #182 is out: WordGraph release; New Special page: list functions by tests; new type for day of the year, and much more ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the implications of the release of Google Zurich's WordGraph dataset, we introduce a new special page, support for other Wikidata statements and a new type (day of Roman year), and finally we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:03, 28 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]])
* We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on.

; Other news
* [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]]
* [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&amp;12)
* The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13)
* Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16)

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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers' Corner will be on December 9 ==

Hi, we remind you that, if you have questions or ideas to discuss about Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia, you can participate to the next '''Volunteers' Corner''', that will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733758200 December 9, at 15:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

We hope to see you there! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:46, 6 Disemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] (18:38, 13 Disemba 2024) ==

Hi, Olugold

I have added Wikipedia pages for quick deletion. I hope to delete them as soon as possible and activate the deletion template on them, but they delete them over and over again. Thanks Olugold --[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|ṅkátá]]) 18:38, 13 Disemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #183 is out: Sketching a path to Abstract Wikipedia; Team offsite in Lisbon; and much more ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-12-12|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss how natural language generation for Abstract Wikipedia might develop, and we share news on tools and types on Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:52, 16 Disemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #184 is out: Function of the Week: age; Intros for year articles; New Type: Floating-point number ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-12-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In the last issue for 2024, we discuss functions to create introductions for articles about years, we showcase one of the 23 functions with the Gregorian year type, we introduce a new type, and finally we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 22:06, 19 Disemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Ahmedborar673|Ahmedborar673]] on [[Basil Raslan]] (22:11, 26 Disemba 2024) ==

Basil Raslan --[[Ojiarụ:Ahmedborar673|Ahmedborar673]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Ahmedborar673|ṅkátá]]) 22:11, 26 Disemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]])
* We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]!

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&amp;15)
* [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&amp;15
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)

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== Would you join our editorial board? ==

Hi @[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]], how are you doing? Would you join our community editorial board? This helps to record a resounding outcome. Thanks for your consideration.

[[Ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|Onwuka Glory]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|ṅkátá]]) 16:22, 2 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)

== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers' Corner will be on January 13 ==

Hi, we remind you that, if you have questions or ideas to discuss about Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia, you can participate to the next Volunteers' Corner, that will be held on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1736793000 January 13, at 18:30 UTC] ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

We hope to see you there! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:44, 10 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #185 is out: Happy Wikipedia day! Quarterly planning ==

The [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-01-15|first update of 2025]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions is out. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present our plan for the upcoming quarter (January-March 2025), we suggest changes to our &quot;Function of the week&quot; section, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:34, 17 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #186 is out: Welcome, David! Naming conventions recommendations ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-01-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome a new member of the team, we introduce our current discussion on naming conventions recommendations, we introduce a new section dedicated to the newest functions created, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:36, 23 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #187 is out: With 2000 Functions into the new year: time for stats ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-01-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present some statistics about where we are as a project, we give some updates about our Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1738607400 February 3, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:05, 30 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]]
* User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]).
* The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]].
* The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11)

; Events
* 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate &amp; Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #188 is out: Invitation to the Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a proposal to restructure our Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group (NLG SIG) meeting, we announce the creation of a new type, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:17, 6 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #189 is out: Restricting the World, redux ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we have an essay from Denny, we discuss the fix to the Byte Type, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:19, 14 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #190 is out: A proposal for types per language and part of speech ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a proposal for types to represent a part of speech in a language, we present some events that we have taken part to (or we are taking part to), and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:50, 20 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;We would like to hear about your experiences with Temporary Accounts&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]]
'''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo This survey should take no longer than 5 minutes to complete.]'''

The Trust &amp; Safety Product team recently made [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] available on 12 wikis. There are plans to expand this to a larger set of wikis in the coming weeks and months and then proceed with a complete deployment later this year. Your participation in this survey will be immensely valuable in helping us understand how well Temporary Accounts are working and what we can improve on going forward.

The privacy policy for this survey may be [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|viewed at this link]]. By completing this survey, you agree to the terms set forward in the privacy policy.

Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #191 is out: From things to words ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the deployment of the possibility of getting the right Lexeme given a Wikidata Item, we discuss the newest updates about Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1741026600 March 3, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]).

; Other news
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3)
* [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13)
* A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13)

; Events
* 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8)
* 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16)
* 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #192 is out: Recent Changes in the software, Recording of Volunteer’s Corner, and talks in London ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present two talks that will feature Denny as a speaker and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:12, 7 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #193 is out: Upcoming NLG meeting, Recent Changes in the software ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we invite you to the next [[:f:Wikifunctions:NLG SIG|NLG SIG Meeting]], that will take place [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1739894400 on Tuesday March 18 at 16 UTC], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:39, 15 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #194 is out: Wikidata-based simple enumerations ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a discussion about a new kind of enumeration type, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:06, 21 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #195 is out: It’s about time ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a discussion about how to support the creation of a type for time that is compatible with Wikidata, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:25, 28 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13)
* [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15)
* A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17)
* A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17)

; Events
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]]

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #196 is out: Quarterly Planning for April–June 2025; We are looking for a Senior Product Manager ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-05|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present our work plan for the upcoming quarter (April-June 2025), we publish a new job opening for joining the team, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1744047000 April 7, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 6 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Riyad hossain 89|Riyad hossain 89]] (18:56, 9 Eprel 2025) ==

Riyad Hossain With over 05 years of experience in the field of journalism, Riyad Hossain heads the editorial operations of Mission Ki Awaaz as a Blogger. Lives from Bangladesh --[[Ojiarụ:Riyad hossain 89|Riyad hossain 89]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Riyad hossain 89|ṅkátá]]) 18:57, 9 Eprel 2025 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #197 is out: Quarter in review, and lots of material to watch ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we evaluate our work done for the recently closed quarter (January-March 2025), we present you a number of video and blogpost about us to watch and read, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1744732800 April 15, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:20, 11 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #198 is out: Wikifunctions integrated in Dagbani - and Wikifunctions; and the date of Easter ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-16|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that this week we switched on the ability to call Wikifunctions functions from within Dagbani Wikipedia (our first wiki to do so!), we discuss the functions related to calculating the dates of Easter, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:28, 17 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Dr Ann Dangote|Dr Ann Dangote]] on [[Legrek Parond]] (07:00, 25 Eprel 2025) ==

do all articles have to be written in igbo or can the articles be written in English. --[[Ojiarụ:Dr Ann Dangote|Dr Ann Dangote]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Dr Ann Dangote|ṅkátá]]) 07:00, 25 Eprel 2025 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #199 is out: Welcome, Gregory! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a new member of the team, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746466200 May 5, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:16, 28 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #200 is out: Abstract Wikipedia is a MacArthur 100&amp;Change finalist ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that we reached the final stage of a grant competition, we introduce our next big conversation about where the content of Abstract Wikipedia will be located, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746466200 May 5, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:57, 1 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #201 is out: Abstract Wikipedia and the Wikimedia AI Strategy ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-09|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss how Abstract Wikipedia ties in with the newly announced WMF's strategy for AI, we talk about the Wikimedia Hackathon and our community meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:27, 10 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;5)

; Events
* May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #202 is out: Location of Abstract Content ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we invite you to [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|a consultation]] about where should the content of Abstract Wikipedia be stored, we invite you to our next online presentation, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:56, 16 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #203 is out: Ongoing consultation about the Location for Abstract Content ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we invite you again to [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|a consultation]] about where should the content of Abstract Wikipedia be stored, we present some updates about existing and new types, we remind you of our next online presentation, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:54, 23 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #204 is out: Rolling out to five Wiktionaries; Calculating with today's date ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we talk about our latest deployment on five Wiktionaries, we showcase a couple of functions about dates, we remind you of ongoing discussions and upcoming presentations, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1748885400 June 2, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:38, 29 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #205 is out: Where will Abstract Content go? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we give you some updates on the discussion about where to store abstract content, we present you the recordings of our latest presentations and meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:38, 9 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop:
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page]  (SDG 5)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 &amp; 16)
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3)

; Events
* 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]]

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #206 is out: Closing the consultation about the location of Abstract Content ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce the closing of the discussion about where to store abstract content, we remind you about our current discussions about types and our next [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:NLG_SIG|NLG SIG meeting]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:56, 16 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #207 is out: Quarterly Planning for July–September 2025 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-21|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we outline our priorities for the next quarter (July–September 2025), we give you some updates related to our new types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:38, 23 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #208 is out: How many people are needed to write an encyclopedia? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share a short essay from Denny about writing an encyclopedia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:38, 28 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15)
* [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&amp;15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR]  (SDG 3)

; Events
* 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5)
* 2 &amp; 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #209 is out: Coverage of 1298 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-04|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share a short essay from Denny about how Wikipedias cover articles about years, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1751909400 July 7, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #210 is out: Length limits on labels and descriptions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a measure to limit length of labels and descriptions, we show a video illustrating our work on front-end components, we share some news on new Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1752595200 July 15, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #211 is out: Wikidata-based enumerations are here ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new kind of Type (Wikidata-based enumerations), we remind you of our current sprint in fixing labels and descriptions that are too long, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #212 is out: “Wikipedia is an encyclopedia”; Two years of Wikifunctions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-26|the '''second anniversary update''']] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our work on functions that generate sentences and fragments in several languages, we celebrate our second anniversary, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]])
* We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested.

; Other news
* To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|&quot;Sustainable Development Wikiproject&quot; was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15)

; Events
* 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]].

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== Question from [[User:Imborhope|Imborhope]] (16:31, 15 Ọgọọst 2025) ==

How do I write my perfect autobiography --[[Ojiarụ:Imborhope|Imborhope]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Imborhope|ṅkátá]]) 16:31, 15 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

:Writing an autobiography is not encouraged on Wikipedia. Learn more: [[en:Wikipedia:Autobiography|Wikipedia:Autobiography]]. If a person is notable, other editors will write a [[en:Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|biography]] about the person. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 03:48, 16 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #215 is out: Accessing Wikidata items now possible from embedded function calls; Wikifunctions available on 65 Wikitionaries ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that it is now possible to access Wikidata items from embedded function calls, we also inform that Wikifunctions is now available on 60 more Wiktionaries, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:57, 29 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15)
* [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]]

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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers’ Corner is tomorrow! ==

We remind you that our next '''Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers’ Corner''' will be '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1757352600 tomorrow, September 8, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Unless you have many questions, we will follow our usual agenda, giving updates on the upcoming plans and recent activities, having plenty of time and space for your questions, and building a Function together.

See you at the Corner! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:39, 7 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #216 is out: Copying function calls from one Wikipedia to another ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that it is now possible to use natural languages as a default value in embedded function calls, we discuss the latest news in Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:04, 8 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #217 is out: More than 3,000 functions on Wikifunctions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we celebrate reaching the milestone of 3,000 functions on Wikifunctions, we discuss our upcoming commitments in outreach, we share with you our latest blogpost, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:21, 12 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #218 is out: Wikifunctions available on 123 Wiktionary languages ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-19|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on the recent Wikifunctions deployment on Wiktionaries, we introduce our new page for requesting cleanups, we update you on what's new on Types, we remind you of the upcoming meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758643200 September 23, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:26, 20 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #219 is out: Accessing qualifiers in Wikidata statements ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-26|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce the possibility of calling also qualifiers from Wikidata, we update you on the recent  deployments of Wikifunctions and on the Wikifunctions presentations at Wikimedia events, we give you the recent updates on Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:46, 26 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]])

; Other news
* The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called &quot;[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]&quot; focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025]

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #220 is out: Rich text now available in embedded function calls on 148 Wiktionaries and Incubator ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on the latest functions and types you can create, we announce that functions are now available to call on 152 projects, we talk about our presentations at Wikimedia meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1759771800 October 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:55, 4 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #221 is out: Decision on location for abstract content and Quarterly Planning for October–December ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-08|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we discuss our plans and work for the upcoming quarter (October-December 2025), we report on the next events we'll be part of, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:47, 9 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #222 is out: Kicking Off the Naming Contest for Abstract Wikipedia; Visualizing functions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we kickstart our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we present a beautiful representation of functions by a community member, we report on the next events we'll be part of, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:04, 15 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #223 is out: Welcome Zaree and Laura! Naming contest round 1 kicked off ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome two new additions to the team, we update you on our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we report on the next events we'll be part of, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #224 is out: Round 1 of “abstract content wiki” naming vote ending Monday; An example of short descriptions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we announce our first experimentation with short descriptions on Wikidata, we talk about our presentations at the upcoming WikidataCon 2025, and we take a look at the latest Type and software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1762194600 November 3, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:48, 30 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4)
* The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&amp;diff=58499099&amp;oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13)

; Events
* 6 November–3 December:  [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5)
* 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10)
* 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #225 is out: First round of voting for naming the wiki for abstract content closed; Calling for Wiktionary functions; Embedded Wikifunctions on Bengali Wikipedia and seven more Wiktionaries ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-05|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on the closing of the first phase of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we introduce a possible implementation of Wikifunctions for Wiktionaries, we talk about our latest outreach events, and we take a look at the latest Type and software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:06, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #226 is out: Getting ready for second round of voting for naming the wiki with abstract content; Rewriting the backend: Why Rust? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we summarise current discussion regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we discuss how we are rewriting the backend, we ask for help in substituting a function, we suggest you the recordings of Wikifunctions-related sessions at the WikidataCon 2025, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1763481600 November 18, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:42, 13 Novemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #227 is out: Second round of voting for naming the wiki with language-independent content; Sharing function calls ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce the start of the second phase of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we share the results of the MacArthur Foundation's 100&amp;Change contest, we share the recording of the last NLG SIG meeting, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:11, 21 Novemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #228 is out: Vote on the new wiki name! Finishing each other’s sentences ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we discuss our progress on sentence creation with functions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1762194600 December 1, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:38, 27 Novemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]]
* As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out:
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] 
*** Help by identifying which videos need translation
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]]
*** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics
&lt;br/&gt;

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #229 is out: And the name is Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-12-04|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share the final results of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we share two demos about new Wikifunctions features, we talk about Wikidata components in Wikifunctions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:02, 4 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #230 is out: How to write better error messages ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-12-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share an essay on how to write better error messages, on improving which we focused in the last months.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:01, 12 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #231 is out: We wish you a happy new Gregorian year! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-12-18|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we showcase some templates using Wikifunctions functions on several projects, and we wrap up work for this Gregorian year, wishing you happy holidays.

The updates will resume in the week of January 14, so if you feel like you want more, you can always read the previous updates in [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:01, 18 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&amp;13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #232 is out: 25 years of Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In the first issue of 2026, we celebrate our incredible milestone of 25 years of Wikipedia and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:04, 16 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #233 is out: Quarterly plan for January–March 2026 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share our work plans for the quarter that goes from January to March 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:01, 22 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #234 is out: Integrating Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share our ideas about the integration of Abstract Wikipedia with the existing Wikimedia projects, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:51, 30 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published.
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February.
* The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15)

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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers' Corner will be on February 9 ==

Hi, we remind you that, if you have questions or ideas to discuss about Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia, you can participate to the next '''Volunteers' Corner''', that will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1770661800 February 9, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

We hope to see you there! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 06:23, 6 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #235 is out: Finishing each other sentences: Starting things; Offsite in Istanbul ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-02-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share the results of our recent team offsite (meeting in person) in Istanbul, Türkiye, especially on creating sentence fragments in several languages.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:31, 13 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #236 is out: A sneak preview of Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-02-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share a sneak preview of how Abstract Wikipedia will look like and work, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:15, 20 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #237 is out: Graceful overrides and fallbacks ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-02-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss different patterns in articles about years on different Wikipedias, we present the video of the Wikifunctions presentation by Nicolas Vigneron at the last Celtic Knot, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1772476200 March 2, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:18, 27 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted!

; Other news
* [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them.
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

; Events
* March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5)
* [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &amp;17)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #238 is out: Citations and Copy and Paste ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce the possibility of creating a function that deals with references and a Wikifunctions internal clipboard, where you can temporarily store any piece of code in order to paste it somewhere else, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:28, 6 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #239 is out: A new composition language ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we talk about the revamp of the composition language on Wikifunctions, with its potential for further improvements.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:19, 12 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Question from [[User:SamKel123|SamKel123]] (00:44, 19 Maachị 2026) ==

Hi, Olugold. I stopped Wiking a long time now. I want to get back, as a rewarding hubby. I need your help and push. --[[Ojiarụ:SamKel123|SamKel123]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SamKel123|ṅkátá]]) 00:44, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Ojiarụ:SamKel123|SamKel123]], 
:How can I help you? Have you joined the Igbo Wikimedia community Whatsapp group? There are several Wiki activities organized by the [[m:Igbo Wikimedians User Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]] that will help you. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:17, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)
::Okay. I will join immediately. Thank you so much. [[Ojiarụ:SamKel123|SamKel123]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SamKel123|ṅkátá]]) 08:37, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #240 is out: Abstract Wikipedia is now in Beta ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we celebrate the launch of the [https://abstract.wikipedia.org/ preliminary Beta version of Abstract Wikipedia], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:23, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #241 is out: First few days of Abstract Wikipedia Beta; Status of Composition Language v2 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the first early edits on [https://abstract.wikipedia.org/ Abstract Wikipedia], we share the status of Composition Language v2, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:48, 26 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it.

; Other news
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #242 is out: Request for Discussion: Syntactic tables ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a proposal for Natural Language Generation, we introduce a page for function suggestions from Abstract Wikipedia, we inform you that there will be a presentation about Abstract Wikipedia at WikiCon Australia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776101400 April 13, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:37, 3 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #243 is out: Community proposals for capturing meaning ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we report on three community proposals on syntactic approaches, we introduce a new Type (Complex numbers), we report on current hiccups on Abstract Wikipedia, we share more information about a presentation about Abstract Wikipedia at WikiCon Australia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776101400 April 13, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:35, 10 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #244 is out: Milestones; Some major issues hopefully resolved ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-16|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we celebrate 4000 functions on Wikifunctions and 1000 abstract articles on Abstract Wikipedia, we announce that we should have fixed some major issues with the websites, we inform you on our latest outreach activities, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:22, 17 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #245 is out: The Foundation's search for the perfect language ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present an academic paper about Abstract Wikipedia, we discuss our latest Type created, and we take a look at the newest created functions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:54, 25 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 Eprel 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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:Thanks and duly noted. @[[Ojiarụ:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:45, 29 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #246 is out: Request for input: what should we count for Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we ask you what would be the relevant metrics for Abstract Wikipedia, we discuss our latest news on Composition Language v2, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:21, 2 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/04/15/from-lens-to-knowledge-citizen-science-through-wiki-loves-butterfly/|From Lens to Knowledge: Citizen Science through Wiki Loves Butterfly]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Wikidata type specimen data model]]  (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|Edit-a-thon &quot;Women Botanists&quot; and “Plants Around Us: Veles” workshop]] (SDG 5 &amp; 15)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:100 Days 100 Edits|100 Days 100 Edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026|Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026]] (SDG 2, 6 &amp; 7)
* May 9-10: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Projekt naturgeografi/Fotosafari: Fåglar i Skåne 2026|Bird photography trip]] in south Sweden (SDG 15)
* May 30: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Biologisk mångfald|Editathon about biodiversity]] in Stockholm (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #247 is out: References from Wikidata now available ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-08|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that is now possible to pass references in Wikidata statements, we introduce the [https://abstract-data.toolforge.org/ Abstract Data dashboard], we report you on the presentation about Abstract Wikipedia at WikiCon Australia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1778520600 May 11, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:16, 8 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #248 is out: A higher meaning ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss functions creating language fragments, we present our latest news in Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:36, 15 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== Question from [[User:Chizoba Amanambu|Chizoba Amanambu]] (14:26, 20 Mee 2026) ==

Hello,
Please how does the editing role work? How are roles assigned to people on Wikimedia? Do I have to wait to follow a project or I can find one and start myself on the site? Is there a criteria to get started as well. --[[Ojiarụ:Chizoba Amanambu|Chizoba Amanambu]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Chizoba Amanambu|ṅkátá]]) 14:26, 20 Mee 2026 (UTC)

:hello @[[Ojiarụ:Chizoba Amanambu|Chizoba Amanambu]]. You can choose to start editing Wiki projects such as Wikipedia, Wikiquote, Wiki commons, etc you can edit by adding more details, translating, or creating new articles. You can join communities to learn more during campaigns, events, etc. There are lot of communities like, language, regional, women, etc. You can participate in any of these communities. See [[m:Igbo Wikimedians User Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]], it's a language community. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 15:30, 20 Mee 2026 (UTC)

== Question from [[User:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] (23:17, 22 Mee 2026) ==

Hi Olugold,

My name is Goodmaraj, and I'm a Wikipedia user. I really enjoy editing and creating pages. I started over two years ago and have made more than 3,000 edits.

I always run into the problem of seeing pages that don’t meet Wikipedia’s standards—pages promoting certain topics or featuring unknown people—and I can’t delete them. At first, I would ask administrators to delete them, but they usually take a long time to respond.

That’s why I need this permission to delete articles directly—it will help me a lot and make my work much faster.

Thank you --[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|ṅkátá]]) 23:17, 22 Mee 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]]! Thank you for all you do. I see that you have 2 accounts Goodymaraj and [[user:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]], kindly choose a preferred account and continue contributing with the preferred account to avoid blocks. 
:Your account Goodymeraj has being added to the auto patroller group. What this means is that, while logged in to the account on Igbo Wikipedia, you can:
:*Go through newly created pages and mark them patrolled
:*Tag pages for deletion
:*Suggest deletion
:*Report problematic pages. 
:You can ping user:King ChristLike as one of the active admins on the Igbo Wikipedia, to go through and delete the tagged pages. Thank you. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:00, 23 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::Hi @[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]], this user is totally different from [[User:Goodymeraj]] whom you just granted the autopatroller rights. 
::Secondly, while @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] has made some meaningful edits here, they're still not a native Igbo speaker or have a good understanding of the Igbo language, so their edits or page creations would still need to be patrolled to ensure accuracy and quality. Granting the autopatroller rights may not be advisable for now. I've had an off-wiki conversation with them about this. They can always tag or request for admins to delete non-notable articles. Every other request should follow through the normal process. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 13:48, 23 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::Good morning ma @[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]]. Please, @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] is an entirely different user from me @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]]. Thank you also for the rights granted me. I appreciate. It will go a very long way for me. [[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|ṅkátá]]) 04:21, 25 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] and @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] thanks for the clarification. 
:::Goodymeraj showed interest in carrying out administrative task in the past, so when I saw this message, I honestly thought it was Goodymeraj. With the patrol right, he needs to tag admins to delete unwanted articles. In addition, he has a good understanding of the written and spoken Igbo language.
:::Moving forward, nke a bụ Wikipedia Igbo, anyị kwesịrị iji asụsụ Igbo na-ekwurịta okwu ebe a. [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:51, 25 Mee 2026 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #249 is out: Annual plan 2026-2027 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you the current draft of objectives for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia in the WMF Annual Plan 2026-2027, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:48, 25 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #250 is out: Looking back and forward ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you a recollection of our work so far, now that we celebrate our 250th newsletter, we share with you a summary of our latest outreach activities, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:04, 1 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/05/19/wikimedia-projects-and-the-climate-crisis-how-wiki-for-sustainable-futures-2026-is-being-built/|Wikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being BuiltWikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being Built]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7 &amp; 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/05/21/earth-day-every-day-preserving-biodiversity-on-wikipedia/ Earth Day, Every Day: Preserving Biodiversity on Wikipedia] (SDG 15)
*[[diffblog:ar/2026/05/29/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2026-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9/|Launch of the Arabic Environmental Contest 2026: an ambitious initiative to enrich environmental content]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/From_the_field_to_the_free_web From the field to the free web] (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #251 is out: The illustrated encyclopaedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-05|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our first function to import images on Abstract Wikipedia, we present our Functions of the Week, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780939800 June 8, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:14, 5 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #252 is out: Improved loading and display of Test results ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-12|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you an improvement in loading and display of Test results, we talk about our next events, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that Denny will lead a discussion on the [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-15#News in Types: way forward for natural language generation types|new NLG types]] in the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''', that will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781625600 June 16, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:29, 12 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #253 is out: The or not the, this is (the?) question ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you a delicate question regarding grammatical framework, we talk about our next events and about the results of our latest online meetings, we discuss news about Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:34, 19 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #254: Working on Functions, together ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we report on new collaborative patterns emerging in our community, we discuss news in Types, we share some events that relate to Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia at Wikimania 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1783359000 July 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:58, 27 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #255: Integration on test wiki and annual plan ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-07-01|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss integration of Abstract Wikipedia in Test Wiki and our objectives for the new Wikimedia Foundation Fiscal Year, we remind you of the Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia events at Wikimania 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1783359000 July 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:22, 2 Julaị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5 and 10.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; In the news
* [[diffblog:2026/06/08/reading-wikipedia-in-the-classroom-in-wa-ghana-empowering-educators-with-media-and-information-literacy-skills/|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Wa, Ghana: Empowering Educators with Media and Information Literacy Skills]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/|Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/13/artfeminism-network-organizers-at-eseap-conference-2026/|Art+Feminism Network Organizers at ESEAP Conference 2026]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/|A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/from-mentee-to-builder-my-six-months-in-the-eduwiki-hub-mentorship-program/|From Mentee to Builder: My Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/building-skills-and-confidence-during-my-three-month-journey-through-the-on-wiki-skill-program-organized-by-africa-wiki-women/|Building Skills and Confidence During My Three-Month Journey Through the On Wiki Skill Program Organized by Africa Wiki Women]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/why-the-eduwiki-starter-kit-matters-for-the-future-of-education/|Why the EduWiki Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/empowering-new-editors-to-bridge-the-gender-gap-my-experience-as-a-mentor-in-the-edither-africa-april-2026-contest/|Empowering New Editors to Bridge the Gender Gap: My Experience as a Mentor in the EditHer Africa April 2026 Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/18/visible-women-edit-a-thon-piloting-a-collaborative-approach-to-free-knowledge-in-hong-kong/|Visible Women Edit-a-thon: Piloting a Collaborative Approach to Free Knowledge in Hong Kong]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/guiding-new-voices-training-women-in-wikidata-during-the-april-edither-africa-contest/|Guiding New Voices: Training Women in Wikidata during the April EditHer Africa Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/wikimedia-community-usergroup-botswana-in-collaboration-with-art-and-feminism-on-wikidata-mobile-training-2026/|Wikimedia Community Usergroup Botswana in collaboration with Art and Feminism on Wikidata Mobile Training 2026]] (SDG 5)

; Events
* 10-18 July: [[m:Event:Wikiwomen Camp 2026|Wikiwomen Camp 2026]] (SDG 5)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 14.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)
* 21-25 July: Wikimania is coming up and there are plenty of sessions related to sustainable development. There is now a dedicated page for those sessions at [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions]].
* 23 July: [[m:Event:From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements|From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements]] (SDG 10)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 28.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #256: Moving toward our first Abstract Wikipedia integration milestone ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-07-08|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss further our objectives for the new Wikimedia Foundation Fiscal Year, we show the latest community tool, we remind you of the Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia events at Wikimania 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:43, 9 Julaị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #257: Beyond syntactic tables ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-07-16|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss syntactic tables and news in Types, we show some community blogposts and tools, we remind you of the Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia events at Wikimania 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

We also remind you that in the next weeks these newsletter reminders will be paused, and that they will resume in mid-August.

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #258: Abstract Wikipedia at Wikimania ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-07-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the presentations and workshops at Wikimania, including a features feedback request based on what we heard there, and highlight new features shipped this week including diffs for Wikifunctions. 

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! [[m:user:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] 19:05, 30 Julaị 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 6, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/07/04/photowalk-at-the-purbachal-reserve-forest/|Photowalk at the Purbachal Reserve Forest]] (SDG 15)
* [[diffblog:2026/07/13/welcoming-women-into-wikimedia-tech-a-guide-based-on-lived-experiences/|Welcoming Women+ into Wikimedia Tech: A Guide Based on Lived Experiences]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/07/14/empowering-youth-through-knowledge-wikipedia-for-freedom-of-elections-in-armenia/|Empowering Youth Through Knowledge: “Wikipedia for Freedom of Elections” in Armenia]] (SDG 16)
* [[diffblog:2026/07/19/water-for-life-knowledge-for-all-how-wikiverse-botswana-is-showcasing-africas-water-story-through-the-africa-wiki-challenge-2026/|Water for Life, Knowledge for All: How WikiVerse Botswana is Showcasing Africa’s Water Story Through the Africa Wiki Challenge 2026]] (SDG 6)
* Wikimania: There were so many sessions and posters related to the SDGs, they can't all be listed here. But on [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions|this Wikimania page]] you can find them all and the session pages have links to the recordings.

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #259: Congratulations Jules*. An apple is a fruit ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-08-05|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we congratulate Wikimedian of the Year and we discuss his favourite article in relation to Abstract Wikipedia, we introduce a new Type of function on Wikifunctions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

We also remind you that in the next weeks these newsletter reminders will be paused, and that they will resume in mid-August.

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:19, 10 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)

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== Invitation to try the Starter Kit Tool ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings!

As one of the active editors on this Wikipedia, you're invited by the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development Language Onboarding and Development] initiative to learn about the Starter Kit, try it out, and join a virtual meeting where you can ask questions about the tool.&lt;br&gt;
'''What the tool does'''&lt;br&gt;
The Starter Kit helps small or new Wikipedia contributors complete essential tasks, like importing infoboxes, tracking your wiki's growth and health metrics, and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance. Some features require certain user rights, but three of the six tasks are open to any autoconfirmed editor, so most active editors can get started right away.

'''Here's what we would like you to do:'''

* Read the manual for more detail on the tool and the tasks you can perform: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit
* Access the Starter Kit tool: https://starterkit.toolforge.org/ and log in with your Wikimedia account to try it out.
* Sign up for one of three virtual meetings: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Office_hours, where you can:
** Learn more about the tool.
** Ask questions and share your thoughts.

Thank you so much for using the tool, and we look forward to your attending the virtual meeting.

Best regards,
&lt;/div&gt;

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'''Nkwado Ụmụnwanyị nke Ụmụ amaala nke a kpọrọ feminism''' bụ echiche na omume nke feminism nke na-elekwasị anya na decolonization, ọbụbụeze ụmụ amaala, na ikike mmadụ maka ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala na ezinụlọ ha. Ihe a na-elekwasị anya bụ inye ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala ike n'ihe gbasara ụkpụrụ ọdịbendị ụmụ amaala na ihe ndị dị mkpa, kama ịbụ ndị isi, ndị ọcha, ndị nna ochie.&lt;ref name=&quot;Liddle2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Liddle|first=Celeste|title=Intersectionality and Indigenous Feminism: An Aboriginal Woman's Perspective - The Postcolonialist|url=http://postcolonialist.com/civil-discourse/intersectionality-indigenous-feminism-aboriginal-womans-perspective/|work=The Postcolonialist|date=25 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'echiche ọdịbendị a, enwere ike iji ya tụnyere nwanyị n'obodo ndị Africa na America.

Obodo ụmụ amaala dị iche iche. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ụmụnwanyị nọgidere na-enwe ike dị ukwuu n'ime mba agbụrụ ha, ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ atụfuola ọrụ ọdịnala ha n'ime obodo ha, ebe ndị ọzọ bi na mpụga obodo ọdịnala kpamkpam. Ụmụnwanyị na-ejide ike n'ụlọ nwere ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị iche na ndị ka na-agbasi mbọ ike maka ikike mmadụ.

Ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala nke oge a etolitewo dị ka obodo ma nyocha dị mkpa iji bute nsogbu ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala na-eche ihu. Ịlanahụ ọgbọ nke mgbukpọ agbụrụ na-aga n'ihu, colonisation, na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ emeela ka ụmụnwanyị obodo dị iche iche dị mkpa. Ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụnwanyị na-adịkarịghị njikere ibute nsogbu ndị bụ nsogbu ngwa ngwa na obodo ndị amaala. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọrịa ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala na-efu ma na-egbu egbu, ịmanye ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala, ọgụ maka ikike ala, na mmegbu mmekọahụ na-enweghị atụ nke ụmụ nwanyị Amerịka (MMIW), nke ụmụnwoke ọcha lekwasịrị anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Smith|first=Andrea|title=Decolonizing Anti-Rape Law and Strategizing Accountability in Native American Communities|journal=Social Justice|date=2011|volume=37|issue=4|pages=36–43}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Green&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Making Space For Indigenous Feminism|author=Green|first=Joyce|publisher=Hignell Book Printing, Canada|year=2007|isbn=978-1-842779-40-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụmụ amaala feminism nwere njikọ na postcolonial feminism dị ka ọ na-ekweta ihe ọjọọ nke colonisation na ụmụ amaala na ala ha bi, na mkpa nke decolonisation na ikpochapụ usoro mmegbu nke e webatara n'ihi colonisation. Ọrụ dị mkpa nke ala nna nna, na ikike ala ugbu a na mgba gburugburu ebe obibi, na-ejikọta ụmụ amaala nwanyị na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ecofeminism. Ịdị iche na ụmụ amaala feminism na ndị ọcha feminism na ụdị ya metụtara feminism (gụnyere liberal feminism na Orientalist feminism) dị mkpa n'ihi na &quot;ụmụnwanyị obodo ga-enwe ahụmịhe dị iche iche nke na-emepụta mmekọrịta anyị na isi isiokwu&quot; karịa nke ụmụnwanyị na-abụghị ụmụ amaala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Moreton-Robinson&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Talkin' Up To The White Woman: Indigenous Women and Feminism|author=Moreton-Robinson|first=Aileen|publisher=University of Queensland Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7022-3134-6|location=Brisbane, AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Arvin|first=Maile|title=Decolonizing Feminism: Challenging Connections between Settler Colonialism and Heteropatriarchy|journal=Feminist Formations|date=2013|volume=25|issue=1|pages=8–34|doi=10.1353/ff.2013.0006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A makwaara ụmụ amaala feminism site na aha ndị ọzọ, ndị a kapịrị ọnụ, dịka: Native American feminism na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], First Nations feminism na [[Kánada|Canada]], Aboriginal ma ọ bụ Indigenous [[Ostraliya|Australian]] feminism na Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Suzack|first=Cheryl|title=Indigenous Feminisms in Canada|journal=NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research|date=2 October 2015|volume=23|issue=4|pages=261–274|doi=10.1080/08038740.2015.1104595}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'agbanyeghi ojiji nke okwu a na-emetụta ụwa ọnụ bụ &quot;indigenous&quot;, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ederede nke na-ezo aka na &quot;Indigenous feminism&quot; na-elekwasị anya na ụmụ amaala North America (Native American, First Nations, Inuit na Métis).

== Mmetụta nke colonization ==
N'ọtụtụ obodo ụmụ amaala, ọ bụ ọchịchị na [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]] wetara mgbanwe kachasị njọ na nke na-emerụ ahụ na nguzo na mmeso ụmụnwanyị.

Site na colonisation, ụmụ amaala ghọrọ ndị nọ n'okpuru usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke gbanwere mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba, na omenala nke obodo ndị amaala tupu ha emekọrịta. Ike akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na nke ime mmụọ nyere ụmụnwanyị n'obodo ụmụ amaala na-eyi ndị Europe na-abata egwu bụ ndị jiri &quot;Xenophobia na egwu miri emi nke omume ime mmụọ nke ụmụ amaala&quot; iji kwado mgbukpọ agbụrụ dị ka ụzọ ịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;LaDuke 2005 11&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Recovering the Sacred: The Power of Naming and Claiming|author=LaDuke|first=Winona|publisher=South End Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0896087125|pages=[https://archive.org/details/recoveringsacred00ladu/page/11 11]|url=https://archive.org/details/recoveringsacred00ladu/page/11}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Tụkwasị na nke a, &quot;ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ọdịnala ụmụnwanyị n'obodo ụmụ amaala dịgasị iche iche, ọchịchị na-edozila mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị ka ụmụ nwanyị nọrọ n'okpuru, n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ ha tupu ha akpọtụrụ. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;SuzackHuhndorfPerreaultBarman2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Indigenous Women and Feminism: Politics, Activism, Culture|author=Suzack|first=Cheryl|date=2010|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-1809-4|location=Vancouver}}&lt;/ref&gt; Colonization rụrụ ọrụ iji dozie usoro mmekọrịta ụmụ amaala iji daba n'ime echiche ndị ọcha.

Mgba ndị ụmụ amaala na-eche ihu taa bụ n'ihi ihe ndị bi na ya mere iji gosipụta ọchịchị site na ịchịisi. Ndị ọcha bi na-ewetakarị ụdị usoro akụ na ụba ọhụrụ site na mba Europe ha nke gụnyere echiche nke ihe onwunwe onwe onye, nwe, na ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị, nke a manyere n'obodo ndị amaala. Na A Recognition of Being: Reconstructing Native Womanhood, Anderson na-ekwu, &quot;nkewa dị n'etiti ọrụ ọha na eze na nke onwe ya na iwebata akụ na ụba akụ na ụba mebiri ọchịchị akụ na ụba ọdịnala nke ụmụnwanyị Native. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Recognition of Being: Reconstructing Native Womanhood|author=Anderson|first=Kim|date=2001|publisher=Sumach Press|isbn=978-1-894549-12-7|location=Toronto}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogbenye bụ nsogbu nye ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala, a pụkwara ịchọta ya na echiche akụ na ụba nke onye na-achị obodo n'ime ndị obodo.  Iji wepụ ụmụnwanyị ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị na-achị obodo manyere usoro iwu n'aka ụmụ amaala, Iwu [[Ndia|India]] nke Canada bụ otu ihe atụ nke a. Omume a kọwara ọnọdụ ụmụnwanyị dị ka nke dị ala karịa nke ụmụ nwoke. A na-ekpebi njirimara na ọnọdụ ụmụ amaala ugbu a dabere na usoro ọbara patrilineal, nke na-efu ụmụnwanyị ọtụtụ ike mmekọrịta ha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Listening to the Beat of Our Drum: Indigenous Parenting in a Contemporary Society|author=Bourassa|first=Carrie A.|date=2017|publisher=Demeter Press|editor=McKenna|pages=13–45|chapter=Indigenous Women, Reproductive Justice, and Indigenous Feminisms}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke ime mmụọ nke ụmụnwanyị na-ejikọkarị, dịka ọrụ ime mmụọ ma ọ bụ echiche maka ụmụnwanyị nwere ike ịgwa ezigbo ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'ihi ya, &quot;omenala okpukpe heteropatriarchal ewepụla ụmụ nwanyị na ndị nwere mmụọ abụọ n'ọrụ ndu.&quot;  Ngwakọta nke ọnwụ nke ike site na akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ndu ime mmụọ na-etinye ndị obodo n'ihe ize ndụ dị elu nke ime ihe ike. Arụmụka zuru oke banyere mmetụta nke colonialism &quot;ọ bụghị naanị na a na-achị anyị, kama [nakwa] na anyị na-eche na ụdị ọchịchị mba bụ ụzọ kachasị mma isi chịkwaa ụwa. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Collins|first=Dana|title=A Feminist World is Possible|journal=International Feminist Journal of Politics|date=1 December 2010|volume=12|issue=3–4|pages=485–517|doi=10.1080/14616742.2010.513125}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Echiche na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Nkwado Ụmụnwanyị nke Ụmụ amaala na-achọ iwulite n'ụdị ọdịnala ebe ọ na-etinyekwa echiche ụmụnwanyị nke oge a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hall|first=Lisa Kahaleole|title=Navigating Our Own 'Sea of Islands': Remapping a Theoretical Space for Hawaiian Women and Indigenous Feminism|journal=Wicazo Sa Review|date=2009|volume=24|issue=2|pages=15–38|doi=10.1353/wic.0.0038}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụmụ amaala feminism na-esite na postcolonial feminism, dị ka ụfọdụ na-arụ ụka na echiche postcolonial n'ozuzu ya eleghara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke colonialism anya dị ka ọ dị maka ụmụ amaala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Byrd2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Byrd|first=Jodi|title=The Transit of Empire: Indigenous Critiques of Colonialism|date=2011|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|location=Minneapolis|isbn=978-1-4529-3317-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta ụmụ amaala ndị ọzọ (dịka Robert Warrior, Elizabeth Cook-Lynn, Craig S. Womack) ekwuputala nchegbu banyere oke nke echiche postcolonial na itinye ya na ọmụmụ ụmụ amaala. A na-enwekarị enweghị ntụkwasị obi na usoro echiche nke ọdịda anyanwụ nke nwere ike ime ka echiche ụmụ amaala dị iche. Na &quot;Who Stole Native American Studies?&quot; Elizabeth Cook-Lynn na-atụle arụmụka dị ịrịba ama banyere ihe mejupụtara Qqqpost-colonial, na onye na-enweta ihe ùgwù nke ịkpọ aha mgbe ọha mmadụ ghọrọ post-colonial.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cook-Lynn|first=Elizabeth|title=Who Stole Native American Studies?|journal=Wicazo Sa Review|date=1997|volume=12|issue=1|pages=9–28|doi=10.2307/1409161}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ndị kwagara na ụmụ amaala feminism dị ka ụzọ isi dozie nsogbu ndị a na postcolonial feminism.

Mmepe nke ụmụnwanyị nke oge a sitere na mmegide megide mgbalị itinye ụmụnwanyị ọdịda anyanwụ n'otu aka na n'ụzọ dị irè nye ụmụnwanyị niile n'agbanyeghị ahụmịhe ha. A na-ahụta mgbalị ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ndị na-enweghị isi n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka ahụmịhe dị iche iche nke ụmụnwanyị na ndị obodo. Na-ewuli elu site n'echiche nke intersectionality site na Kimberle Crenshaw, echiche ụmụ amaala nwanyị na-achọ ịgbanwe ụzọ ndị White feminism &quot;na-ejikọta ma ọ bụ na-eleghara ọdịiche dị n'etiti otu anya. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberle|title=Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color|journal=Stanford Law Review|date=1991|volume=43|issue=6|pages=1241–1299|doi=10.2307/1229039}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cheryl Suzack na Shari M. Huhndorf na-arụ ụka na Indigenous Women and Feminism: Politics, Activism and Culture na: &quot;Ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ amaala feminism bụ ngalaba na-eto eto nke nyocha ndị ọkà mmụta, ọ sitere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị na ọdịbendị nke bu n'obi ịlụso ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị ọgụ, nweta ikpe ziri ezi maka ''ụmụnwanyị'', ma na-emegide mkpochapụ mmekọrịta ha na ibe ya - mbọ ndị na-adaba n'okpuru ụkpụrụ nke feminism, n'agbanyeghị mmekọrịta ụmụnwanyị na okwu ahụ na mmegharị ụmụnwanyị. &quot; Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na nsogbu ndị dị ngwa ngwa iji dozie ụmụ amaala nwanyị na-agafe ókè n'etiti ihe a na-ewere dị ka nwanyị na ihe a na-ewere dị ka ụmụ amaala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|title=Feminism and Indigenous Hawaiian Nationalism|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_signs_summer-1996_21_4/page/906|journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society|date=1996|volume=21|issue=4|pages=906–916|doi=10.1086/495125}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ amaala ụmụ amaala amalitela gburugburu nsogbu ndị sitere na omume ndị ọchịchị. Ụmụ amaala feminism bụ nsonaazụ kpọmkwem nke, na azịza kpọmkwem maka ọchịchị na mmegbu na-aga n'ihu nke ụmụ amaala gburugburu ụwa. Mkpa ọ dị ịjụ omume ọdịbendị site n'ime na-enye ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala ohere ịkpụzi obodo ha ma na-enye aka na-agba ume mkpebi onwe onye na nwe ọdịbendị. Ịdị iche na ụmụ amaala na ụmụnwanyị ọcha na-eme ka ụzọ ndị ụmụnwanyị ọcha na-adịghị akọwapụta ahụmahụ ụmụ amaala.


N'otu aka ahụ, a na-ekewapụ ụmụ amaala ụmụ amaala site na mmegharị ikike ụmụ amaala ndị ọzọ, dị ka echiche nnwere onwe ụmụ amaala, n'ihi na echiche ndị ahụ &quot;eleghị anya n'ụzọ nwoke na nwanyị nke mmegbu na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na-arụ ọrụ maka ụmụnwoke na ụmụnwanyị, ma ọ bụ na mmekọahụ nke ụfọdụ obodo ụfọdụ na-egosipụta. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Green|first=Joyce A.|title=Making Space for Indigenous Feminism|date=2007|publisher=Fernwood Publishing|location=Winnipeg|isbn=978-1-55266-220-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nwere ụfọdụ n'ime obodo ụmụ amaala na-ahọrọ ịghara ịmata dị ka nwanyị ma ya mere ha na-anọpụ onwe ha na ụmụnwanyị. Enwere ọtụtụ ihe kpatara nhọrọ a, Otú ọ dị, Kim Anderson na-arụ ụka na ọ bụrụ na:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Anderson|first=Kim|editor=Suzack|title=Affirmations of an Indigenous Feminist|date=2010|publisher=UBC Press|location=Vancouver}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Nkwado Ụmụnwanyị nke ọdịda anyanwụ adịghị mma n'ihi na ọ bụ maka ikike kama ibu ọrụ, mgbe ahụ anyị niile kwesịrị iji ibu ọrụ kpọrọ ''ihe'' ma jụọ ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ahụ maka ndị niile so n'obodo anyị. Ọ bụrụ na anyị ga-ajụ ịha nhata iji kwado ọdịiche, mgbe ahụ ọ dị anyị mkpa ijide n'aka na ọdịiche ndị ahụ etinyere na usoro ndị na-enye ndị otu niile ike. Ọ bụrụ na anyị ahụ feminism dị ka itinye ego dị ukwuu na nnwere onwe ọdịda anyanwụ na nnwere onwe nke onye ọ bụla, mgbe ahụ ọ dị anyị mkpa ịhụ na ụzọ nchịkọta anyị na-ejere onye ọ bụla nọ na mkpokọta ozi. Ọ bụrụkwa na anyị chọrọ ịnabata ihe ndị dị mkpa nke nwanyị nke bụ nsogbu maka ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ ... mgbe ahụ, anyị ga-ahụ na echiche ndị a anaghị etinye aka na nkọwa nkịtị ma ọ bụ nke ndị nna ochie.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị na-eme ihe ike na-achọpụta ụmụ amaala nwanyị dị ka ndị metụtara ụmụnwanyị dị oke egwu ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-akwadokarị maka ọgba aghara nke usoro ike niile nke na-ahazi njigide nke ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala dabere na oke nwoke na ọdịiche agbụrụ. Feminism nke ụmụ amaala na-agba ume isonye na decolonization dị mkpa site n'aka ụmụnwoke na ụmụnwanyị. Myrna Cunningham (Miskita) ekwuola na: &quot;Agha nke ụmụ amaala abụghị ihe iyi egwu maka ọgụ anyị dị ka ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, anyị na-ahụ ọgụ ndị a dị ka mmeghachi omume. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cunningham|first=Myrna|title=Indigenous Women's Visions of an Inclusive Feminism|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_human-development_2006_49_1/page/55|journal=Development|date=2006|volume=49|issue=1|pages=55–59|doi=10.1057/palgrave.development.1100227}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ahụta Decolonization dị ka ngwá ọrụ kachasị mma iji lụso ndị obodo ọgụ.

== Nkatọ nke ụmụnwanyị ọcha ==
Ụmụ amaala na-akwado ụmụnwanyị na-ala azụ itinye aka na echiche nwanyị nke ọdịda anyanwụ n'ihi ọdịda anyanwụ n'ịghọta mmetụta nke usoro okike nke colonialism na ụmụnwanyị obodo, yana usoro akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na-aghọtaghị, ma ọ bụ na-adịghị njikere ịbụ ndị mmekọ megide, ọtụtụ mmegbu ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala na-eche ihu. Ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụnwanyị na-echekarị na ịlụ ọgụ mmegbu na-adabere na mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ nwoke na nwanyị bụ ihe kachasị mkpa (ma ọ bụ ọbụna naanị ya), ebe indigeneity bụ ihe dị mkpa nke abụọ. Moreton-Robinson dere na ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụnwanyị ọcha &quot;na-ala azụ ịhụ onwe ha n'ọnọdụ nke ịbụ ndị mmegbu, ebe ha na-eche na nke a ga-abụ n'efu itinye uche na mmegbu. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Moreton-Robinson 2002 94&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Talkin' Up To The White Woman: Indigenous Women and Feminism|author=Moreton-Robinson|first=Aileen|publisher=University of Queensland Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7022-3134-6|location=Brisbane, AU|pages=94}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a na-elekwasị anya n'itinye mkpa ụmụnwanyị ọcha n'ihu nke ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala nwere mgbọrọgwụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma nwee ike ime ka ike gwụ ndị inyom nke ụmụ amaala na imekọta ọnụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ na ikike nke &quot;ụmụnwanyị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Leigh|first=Darcy|title=Colonialism, Gender and the Family in North America: For a Gendered Analysis of Indigenous Struggles|journal=Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism|date=April 2009|volume=9|issue=1|pages=70–88|doi=10.1111/j.1754-9469.2009.01029.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala niile na-ekerịta ahụmịhe nke mmegbu sitere na colonialism; nke a bụ mmegbu nke ha na ụmụ amaala ndị ọzọ niile.

Ya mere, echiche nke ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala na-esite na njikọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ha na ala ha, ihe nketa nke ịchụpụ, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, na mmekọahụ, na-aga n'ihu na-eme ihe ike ha n'ime ọnọdụ nne na nna mgbe ụfọdụ, yana ịkparịta ụka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mmekọahụ n'ofe na n'ime ọdịbendị ndị na-abụghị ndị ọcha. Ihe ùgwù ụmụnwanyị na-acha ọcha na-ahụ maka ụmụnwanyị na-ejikọta ya na ihe nketa a na-ajụkarị ajụjụ na nke a na-ekwenyeghị na-erite uru site na colonialism na ịchụpụ ụmụ amaala. Maka ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala, ụmụnwanyị ọcha niile eritewo uru site na colonization, ma nọgide na-enweta uru ndị a; ụmụ nwanyị ọcha nọchitere anya ha n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na n'ụzọ na-enweghị atụ, nwee ọrụ dị mkpa, ma bụrụ ụkpụrụ nkịtị nke nwanyị n'ime Australia na mba ndị ọzọ na-achị achị. Dị ka Carrie Bourassa si kwuo, nsogbu dị n'idozi nsogbu ụmụ amaala nwanyị site na oghere a bụ na ụmụnwanyị na-acha ọcha n'onwe ya na-etinye akụkọ nke colonialism. O jirila indigeneity, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, heteronormativity, na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst dị ka ngwá ọrụ iji &quot;ndị ọzọ&quot; ụmụ amaala ma kwado mkpa ọ dị &quot;ime ka ha dị mma&quot;; n'ihi ya, enwebeghị itinye ọrụ ụmụnwanyị ụmụ amaala na okwu ndị a ma ama.

Dịka, mgbe ndị inyom na-acha ọcha 'na-akwado' ma ọ bụ 'gụnyere' ụmụ nwanyị amaala na ọrụ ha, ọ bụ n'echiche ngosi, na-akwado maka abamuru nke ha, ọ bụghị maka uru ụmụ nwanyị niile, gụnyere mkpa nke ụmụ nwanyị Australia. O doro anya n'ọtụtụ mmegharị ụmụ amaala nwanyị na &quot;Aboriginal (na ụdị ndị ọzọ nke ụmụ amaala ụmụ amaala) feminism bụ mmekọrịta na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, yana mmekọrịta dị irè na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba, ọdịbendị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke oge a. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Gender, Sexuality, and Colonial Modernity|author=Burton|first=Antoinette|authorlink=Antoinette Burton|publisher=Routledge, New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala nwere ike ikweta na e nwere oke n'ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ụmụ amaala feminists na ụmụ nwanyị, ọtụtụ, dị ka Celeste Liddle (Arrernte) &quot;kwenyesiri ike na dị ka ụmụ nwanyị Aboriginal, ebe ọgụ anyị nwere njikọ na ọgụ ụmụ nwanyị na-aga n'ihu n'ime agbụrụ ndị ọzọ a na-eleghara anya, ha abụghị otu. &quot; Otu arụmụka nke Minnie Grey mere na edemede ya, From the Tundra to the Boardroom to Everywhere in Between, banyere ụmụ nwanyị bụ otú ọ na-eleghị anya karịa ihe ndị bụ isi nke mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dabere na mmekọahụ na nwoke na nwanyị n'okwu ndị ọzọ, dị ka klas, agụmakwụkwọ, na mmetụta nke ụdị mmegbu ndị a na ụmụ nwoke. &lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Anyị, dị ka ụmụ nwanyị Inuit, anọwo na-agbasi mbọ ike maka ihe ndị dị ka ịkwụ ụgwọ nhata maka ọrụ nhata, òkè nhata nke ọrụ maka ọdịmma ezinụlọ, ikike nhata isonye na usoro ime mkpebi nke gọọmentị anyị, ikike nhata maka ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị na ọkwa niile nke azụmahịa na sayensị, ikike nhata na agụmakwụkwọ, na nke kachasị mkpa, ikike nhata iji zụlite ụmụ anyị n'ọnọdụ dị mma, ahụike, na nke dị mma. Nke a pụtara, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, n'elu akara ịda ogbenye. Ana m ele ọchịchọ ndị a anya ọ bụghị dị ka nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị, kama dị ka nnwere onwe ndị mmadụ. N'ezie, anyị chọrọ ma hụ ndị ikom anyị n'anya, n'otu aka ahụ, ọ dị anyị mkpa ịtọhapụ ha n'echiche ndị na-ejikọta ha na ọrụ ọdịnala na-enweghị ike imebi emebi nke, n'aka nke ya, na-eme ka ọnọdụ dị mma n'ọtụtụ mpaghara ụwa. &quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ihe atụ ọzọ dị otú ahụ bụ ogologo oge e were iji nweta ikike ụfọdụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụ ezie na e nyere ụmụ nwanyị ọcha a na-ewere dị ka ụmụ amaala Canada ikike ịtụ vootu na 1918, e kweghị ka ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ niile nwee ikike ịtụ vootu ruo mgbe e mesịrị. A naghị ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị Aboriginal na Canada mee ntuli aka ruo n'afọ ndị 1960, n'oge ahụ, ebili mmiri nke abụọ nke feminism apụla n'okwu ndị dị otú ahụ.

Rauna Kuokkanen (Sami) ekwuola maka ụkpụrụ ụmụ amaala kpọmkwem, na-emegide nke nwanyị n'ihi na ọ bụ ezie na &quot;ụfọdụ echiche na omume ụmụ nwanyị na-elekwasịkwa anya na mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọha mmadụ ... ụzọ ha na-ewepụkarị echiche nke nchịkọta yana ikike ala nke bụ isi ihe maka ụmụ amaala. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kuokkanen|first=Rauna|title=Towards an 'Indigenous Paradigm' from a Sami Perspective.|journal=Canadian Journal of Native Studies|date=2000|volume=20|issue=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cunningham gosipụtara nkatọ ọzọ megide feminism:&lt;blockquote&gt;Ha na-ahụ na ụkpụrụ nwanyị na-achịkwa na-adabere na ihe nlereanya a na-amaghị nke etiti na n'akụkụ. N'ihe nlereanya a, ụmụ amaala, ụmụ Afrịka, na ụmụ nwanyị dara ogbenye nọ n'akụkụ ma ga-anakwere echiche na echiche nke feminism dị ka ndị nọ n'etiti kọwara. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, a na-atụ anya na anyị ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala ga-anakwere ihe kachasị nke ihe bụ mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị na nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị.  Nsogbu bụ, foto a bụ naanị akụkụ ụfọdụ na ahụmịhe nke anyị. A na-agọnahụ ma ọ bụ na-eleghara ihe ndị dị na ahụmịhe anyị na-adabaghị na foto a anya. Ihe nlereanya a na-achịkwa na-anwa ime ka òtù ụmụ nwanyị dị n'otu, na-ekwu na ụmụ nwanyị niile nwere otu ihe ha chọrọ na otu ohere iji nweta ikike ha. Echiche a na-ezighi ezi na-agọnahụ mkpa ọdịbendị, asụsụ na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọhụụ dị iche iche iche iche nke ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ndị ọkà mmụta Feminist nke ụmụ amaala eguzogidewo nhọrọ na mmegbu nke agụmakwụkwọ ha dị ka nsonaazụ ọzọ nke colonialism. Dị ka mkpokọta, ndị ọkà mmụta dị iche iche nke ụmụ amaala nwanyị akpọọla oku maka &quot;mkpa dị ukwuu maka nkwuwa okwu na ibu ọrụ n'ihi akụkọ ọjọọ nke colonization, ịgba ohu, na mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke na-emepụta ugbu a&quot; iji hụ na ụmụ amaala feminism na-agwa site na decolonization.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2015/07/07/open-letter-indigenous-women-scholars-regarding-discussions-andrea-smith|title=Open Letter From Indigenous Women Scholars Regarding Discussions of Andrea Smith|author=mazecyrus|date=2015-07-07|work=Indian Country Today Media Network.com|accessdate=2016-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkatọ nke ụmụ amaala nwanyị ==
Nkatọ nke ụmụ amaala nwanyị n'etiti ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta ọdịda anyanwụ na ndị edemede omenala pop bụ na ụmụ amaala &quot;na-ahọrọ ịhapụ onwe ha na ụmụ nwanyị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shiels&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Shiels|first=Shauna|title=Review: Making Space for Indigenous Feminism|journal=Race &amp; Class|language=en|volume=52|issue=1|pages=113–114|doi=10.1177/03063968100520011102}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị obodo na-ele Feminism anya dị ka ihe na-adịghị mkpa n'ihi na ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụfọdụ n'ime obodo ndị a dị elu tupu ọchịchị. Nke ahụ bụ ịsị, dị ka Hall si kwuo, na ịbụ &quot;onye amaala&quot; bụ &quot;feminist&quot;. Mana nkatọ a n'onwe ya na-adabere na nkọwa nke feminism (ma ọ bụ &quot;white feminism&quot;) dị ka &quot;okwu ọchịchị dị mkpa maka ụmụ nwanyị ọdịda anyanwụ naanị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shiels&quot; /&gt; Feminism n'ozuzu ya na-abụkarị ihe a na-ahụkarị dị ka ihe na-acha ọcha nke America, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị feminists na-arụ ụka na feminism ọcha anaghị edozi nchegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere nzụlite dị iche iche. Ụmụ amaala Australia nwanyị Aileen Moreton-Robinson na-arụ ụka na ụmụ nwanyị niile na-ebi n'ime ọha mmadụ nke na-atụpụ ha n'akụkụ, nke ọ dị mkpa ka a maa ya aka site na omume nke ụmụ amaala nwanyị.  Ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ nwanyị niile bụ iji chọpụta ụdị mmegbu jikọtara ọnụ nke na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị niile, akụkọ ''ihe'' mere eme, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ tinyere amaghị ndị na-abụghị ndị obodo banyere ụmụ nwanyị obodo na-aga n'ihu na ọgụ ụfọdụ (dịka nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ nwanyị na-efu na-egbu egbu) anọgidewo na-ekewapụ ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala ndị na-ahụghị ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị na-anabata ha ma ọ bụ na-edozi nchegbu ha kachasị mkpa.

Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ndị a kpọrọ &quot;Indigenous feminism&quot; na-ezo aka naanị na ụmụ amaala nke ndị Amerịka nọ na United States na, ruo n'ókè dị nta, na ndị mba mbụ nke [[Kánada|Canada]]. Nke a na-abụkarị ikpe mgbe a na-ezo aka na &quot;Indigenous feminists&quot; n'onwe ha, dị ka Leanne Betasamosake Simpson na Leslie Marmon Silko.

E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị feminism nke na-ekwu maka ụmụ amaala ma nwee ike ịgbaso echiche ndị yiri ya, isiokwu, na / ma ọ bụ agụmakwụkwọ nke ụmụ amaala ụmụ amaala, mana ha anaghị amata kpọmkwem dị ka &quot;Indigenous feminism&quot;. Ụdị feminism ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye Intersectional feminism, transnational feminism, postcolonial feminism, Native Hawaiian feminism, feminism in India, na Asian feminism. A na-ekewapụkarị ụdị feminism ndị a n'etiti ibe ha, ma na agụmakwụkwọ ma n'ọrụ, n'ihi obere ọdịiche dị na nkwenkwe na ilekwasị anya. Ụfọdụ akpọọla oku ka e nwekwuo ịdị n'otu n'etiti ndị otu a, echiche na ụzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Crossings of Indigenousness, Feminism, and Gender|author=Sinevaara-Niskanen|first=Heidi|journal=Nora - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research|date=2010|volume=18|issue=3|pages=217–221|doi=10.1080/08038740.2010.498328|url=https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1254&amp;context=aprci}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Nguzogide na mmegide megide ndị ọchịchị nwere ike ịbịa n'ọtụtụ ụdị, gụnyere ma ọ bụghị naanị: ngagharị iwe iwu ma ọ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, omume ịgwọ ọrịa, ịkọ akụkọ, ma ọ bụ ọrụ nka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mouchref|first=Melissa|date=July 2016|title=Representations of Indigenous Feminism and Social Change|journal=Cultural Intertexts|volume=5|pages=88–101}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala na-efu ma gbuo (MMIW) ===
Mgbalị igbu ọchụ na-aga n'ihu nke ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala bụ ihe kachasị mkpa na ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala, ebe na ụmụ nwanyị na-ahụkarị, a naghị ebute igbu ụmụ nwanyị a, ọ gwụla ma a na-egbu ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị ụmụ amaala.

Na Ọktọba 4, na Febụwarị 14, ụmụ amaala ụmụ nwanyị agbaala obodo ume ka ha sonye na nche na omume maka ikpe ziri ezi maka ụmụ nwanyị ndị a na ezinụlọ ha. &quot;Sisters In Spirit&quot; bụ otu ndị na-ahazi nche, iji kwanyere ndụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-efu na ndị e gburu egbu (MMIWG). Nche ndị a mere ka Gọọmentị Canada malite nyocha mba banyere ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-efu na ndị e gburu egbu na Septemba 2016. Nnyocha a nyochara ma kọọ banyere ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na Canada site n'ileba anya na usoro, ihe ndị dị na ya na n'ikpeazụ, usoro kpatara ime ihe ike ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/|title=National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls|work=National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls|accessdate=2017-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ọganihu nke nyocha ahụ belatara ma na-egbochi ya mgbe ụfọdụ site na nsogbu ndị dị ka enweghị nkọwa doro anya banyere ụbọchị akaebe na obere ndị ọrụ na ihe onwunwe, o mechara ruo nkwubi okwu na e nwere mgbukpọ na-aga n'ihu megide ụmụ nwanyị na North America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/commentary/2017/07/06/feminists-should-work-to-secure-justice-for-missing-and-murdered-indigenous-women-mochama.html|title=Feminists Should Focus on Justice for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women|author=Mochama|first=Vicky|date=July 6, 2017|work=Toronto Star}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CBC_Barrera_20190531&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Jorge|author=Barrera|title=National inquiry calls murders and disappearances of Indigenous women a 'Canadian genocide'|work=CBC News|accessdate=June 5, 2019|date=May 31, 2019|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/genocide-murdered-missing-indigenous-women-inquiry-report-1.5157580}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalton&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dalton|first=Jane|title=Murdered and missing women and girls in Canada tragedy is genocide rooted in colonialism, official inquiry finds|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/canada-genocide-murdered-missing-women-girls-indigenous-inquiry-report-a8939646.html|work=[[The Independent]]|date=1 June 2019|accessdate=2 June 2019|quote=State ‘actions and inactions and ideology’ blamed for allowing attackers to get away with violence over nearly 50 years}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTgenocide&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ian Austen|title=Canadian Inquiry Calls Killings of Indigenous Women Genocide|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/03/world/canada/canada-indigenous-genocide.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=3 June 2019|accessdate=4 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na United States, e mepụtara National Resource Center to Enhance Safety of Native Women and their Children (NIWRC) &quot;iji mee ka ikike nke agbụrụ American Indian na Alaska Native (Native), Native Hawaiians, na Tribal na Native Hawaiian òtù iji meghachi omume na ime ihe ike n'ụlọ. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.niwrc.org/|title=National Indigenous Women's Resource Center|work=www.niwrc.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òtù a na-ekerekwa òkè na isiokwu ụmụ amaala nwanyị site na nraranye ha na nchekwa nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka ụmụ amaala.

=== Idle No More ===
 
Idle No More bụ otu ụmụ amaala nke ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala atọ na otu onye na-abụghị ndị obodo hiwere, n'ebumnobi &quot;ịgbanwe okwu nke oge a banyere ikike, ọbụbụeze, na mba site n'ikwu na ọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala kwesịrị ijide ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mba ụmụ amaala, ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ nwee oche nhata na tebụl arụmụka. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Morris|first=Amanda|title=Twenty-First Debt Collectors: Idle No More Combats a Five-Hundred-Year-Old Debt|url=http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=a69d5116-ecc3-4174-b9ef-81ad46edb98f%40sessionmgr106&amp;vid=16&amp;hid=113|journal=Women's Studies Quarterly|volume=42}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isi isiokwu ha na-eme ihe ike gụnyere ọbụbụeze, mweghachi nke mba, nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi, na iguzogide ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.idlenomore.ca/|title=Idle No More|accessdate=2017-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-arụ ọrụ a site n'ime mgbanwe na Iwu India nke Canada, otu iwu nke na-egbochi ọbụbụeze ụmụ amaala, yana ịkwado maka nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọrụ ha na-arịọ ndị mmadụ, n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ ụmụ amaala ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, ka ha sọpụrụ ọbụbụeze ụmụ amaala na ichebe gburugburu ebe obibi. Òtù Canada ọzọ nke na-elekwasị anya ma na-akwalite echiche ụmụ nwanyị bụ Native Women's Association of Canada (NWAC). Ha na-arụ ọrụ iji nye ụmụ nwanyị ike site n'ịzụlite na ịgbanwe iwu nke na-emetụta ụmụ amaala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nwac.ca/|title=Home – NWAC|work=NWAC|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụbọchị Ndị Obodo ===
 
Ịrụ ọrụ iji gbanwee aha &quot;Christopher Columbus Day&quot; ka ọ bụrụ &quot;Indigenous Peoples' Day&quot; bụ ihe atụ nke ịgbanwe akụkọ nke Indigeneity na United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/09/us/columbus-day-indigenous-peoples-day/index.html|title=On Columbus Day, support grows for the indigenous|author=Marilia Brocchetto and Emanuella Grinberg|work=CNN|accessdate=2016-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-akwado mgbanwe a kwenyere na Columbus anọwo n'okpuru &quot;ịkwa iko&quot;, n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ akụkụ na-adịghị mma nye ya, gụnyere &quot; mpako ya, nchịkwa ya na-adịghị mma nke ọrụ ọchịchị ya na akọ na uche ya na-enweghị ntụpọ, nke ịgba ohu nke ndị obodo na-enweghị nsogbu, ọbụlagodi mgbe ime nke a megidere ọchịchọ nke ndị na-akwado eze ya. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-hackel-columbus-day-california-settlers-indigeous-peoples-20171009-story.html|title=Why L.A. is right to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples Day|date=2017-10-09|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=2017-10-10|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụbọchị a na-esonyere ụbọchị ndị ọzọ nke ememe nke ụmụ amaala, gụnyere ọnwa ihe nketa nke ndị Amerịka na United States, Dia del Respeto a la Diversidad Cultural (Ụbọchị nkwanye ùgwù maka ọdịbendị dị iche iche) na Argentina, Dia de la Hispanidad (Ụbọchị Hispanicity) na Spain, Dia de la Resistencia Indigena (Ụbọchị Mmegide ụmụ amaala) na [[Venezuela]], na Ụbọchị Mba Nile nke ụmụ amaala ụwa.

=== Ọghọm dị n'etiti ọgbọ na omume ịgwọ ọrịa ụmụ amaala ===
N'ihi mmerụ ahụ nke ọgbọ nke a na-agafe site n'ọgbọ ọ bụla gaa na nke ọzọ n'ihi ọchịchị ime ihe ike, ịgwọ ọrịa bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke iguzogide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Lifelong Consequences of Trauma|url=https://www.aap.org/en-us/Documents/ttb_aces_consequences.pdf|journal=American Academy of Pediatrics}}&lt;/ref&gt; Omume ịgwọ ọrịa gụnyere ịrụ ọrụ nke na-alaghachi na ọrụ ọdịnala ọdịnala ọdịnala ndị obodo dị ka ịkpa ákwà, ịkwa akwa, egwu, ma ọ bụ ọbụna itinye aka na obodo ụmụ amaala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;/&gt;  Tinyere nke a, iweghachite ọbụbụeze site na ịkọ akụkọ na ide ihe bụkwa ụdị ọrụ ụmụ amaala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|doi=10.7591/9780801458804-007|chapter=Indigenous Feminism, Performance, and the Gendered Politics of Memory|title=Mapping the Americas|year=2015|pages=105–139|isbn=978-0-8014-5880-4|author=Huhndorf|first=Shari M.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ide ihe bụ ngwá ọrụ bara uru karịsịa n'ịgwọ ọrịa na ime ihe ike. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ma, &quot;ụzọ nke ịlanarị mmegbu na ụzọ isi tinye aka na usoro ọgwụgwọ.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot; /&gt;  Akwụkwọ This Bridge Called My Back, Writings by Radical Women of Color na-eme ka echiche a bụrụ eziokwu, site na ibipụta akụkọ na-akwụwa aka ọtọ na nke okike banyere ụmụ amaala na ụmụ amaala, ma na-etinye ihe ndị a dị ka agụmakwụkwọ.

== Mgbanwe site na mba na mpaghara ==

=== Australia ===
N'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Australia, ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ nke ụmụ amaala na-akwado maka nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị, mana ha na-akwado maka nnwere onwe nke ụmụ amaala Australia n'ozuzu ha, gụnyere imeziwanye nlekọta ahụike, mgbanwe na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na usoro mgbasa ozi na usoro ikpe, yana imeziwanye usoro agụmakwụkwọ na usoro nkuzi asụsụ abụọ na-agụnye ndị ọzọ na-enwe olileanya ịmaliteghachi asụsụ ụmụ amaala n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ na obodo. Mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị n'ime obodo ụmụ amaala yiri ka ọ dịghị mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka imeziwanye ọgwụgwọ maka ụmụ nwanyị, kama ọ bụ maka ndụ dị mma maka ụmụ amaala Australia niile.

Ịga n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe ikpeazụ na obodo ụmụ amaala, ọkachasị site n'aka ụmụ nwanyị, pụtara ịchọ ikike ọzọ dị ka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na dị ka obodo. Mmegharị a na-enye ikike na-ebu ụzọ na-achọ ịnakwere ọchịchị dị ka ụdị enweghị ike, iji wughachi ma mee ka omume ime mmụọ na omenala ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala na-esonyere ọgwụgwọ. A nabatara ma kwenye na isi ihe na-agwọ mkpụrụ obi nke ọnyá nke colonisation kpatara bụ ka ụmụ nwanyị kọọ akụkọ ha; akụkọ ndị e kpochapụrụ, gbagọrọ agbagọ ma ọ bụ gbanwee iji gboo mkpa nke coloniser. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-aga n'ihu na arụmụka na ngagharị iwe na-eme na mba iji gbanwee ụbọchị ma ọ bụ aha ụbọchị mba Australia nke a maara dị ka &quot;Australia Day&quot;, nke na-eme ememe ọbịbịa nke ụgbọ mmiri mbụ na kọntinent Australia na 26th nke Jenụwarị. N'etiti ụmụ amaala Australia, a maara ụbọchị ahụ dị ka &quot;Ụbọchị Mwakpo&quot;; enwere oku ka a gbanwee ụbọchị ahụ gaa na ụbọchị dị iche, n'ihi ọnọdụ obi mgbawa nke ụbọchị ahụ maka ụmụ amaala Australia, yana aro iji gbanwee aha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ &quot;Ụbọchị Ịlanahụ&quot;, iji kweta mmeso ọjọọ na ịchụpụ obodo ụmụ amaala. N'ikwekọ na oku ndị a, Kansụl Yarra nke Melbourne akwụsịla ime emume ụmụ amaala na 26th nke Jenụwarị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/aug/16/melbournes-yarra-council-votes-unanimously-to-move-australia-day-citizenship-ceremonies|title=Melbourne's Yarra council votes unanimously to move Australia Day citizenship ceremonies|work=theguardian.com.au|date=2017-08-16|accessdate=2018-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mexico ===
Ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọcha na-ahụkarị feminism dị ka mmegharị nke hiwere isi na ụmụ nwanyị ọcha, ndị kwụ ọtọ, ndị nọ n'etiti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Berenstain|first=Nora|title=White Feminist Gaslighting|journal=Hypatia|date=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=733–758|doi=10.1017/hyp.2020.31|url=https://philarchive.org/rec/BERWFG}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu ya abụtụbeghị otu mmegharị nke Global North, kama ọ nwere mgbọrọgwụ n'ụwa niile  na-agafe agbụrụ, agbụrụ na mpaghara. Na Mexico, ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] na-ekwusi ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha dịgasị iche n'etiti agbụrụ ha dị iche iche na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ya mere ọ dị mkpa ịgbagha echiche na gburugburu ihe bụ na ihe a na-adịghị ewere dị ka &quot;feminist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lugos|first=Brenda|date=2020|title=¿Cómo se vive el feminismo indígena?|url=https://lasillarota.com/lacaderadeeva/como-se-vive-el-feminismo-indigena/352361|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227003416/https://lasillarota.com/lacaderadeeva/como-se-vive-el-feminismo-indigena/352361|archivedate=2021-02-27|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=La Silla Rota|language=es}}
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[[Òtù:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ụmụ amaala feminism bụ nchịkọta feminism, n'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ụdị Western, mainstream feminism nke na-enwekarị njirimara nke onye ọ bụla na echiche nnwere onwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gómez|first=Mariana Daniela|title=Presentación del debate : Mujeres indígenas y feminismos: encuentros, tensiones y posicionamientos|journal=Corpus. Archivos Virtuales de la Alteridad Americana|date=26 June 2017|volume=7|issue=1|doi=10.4000/corpusarchivos.1816}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Mexico, ụmụ nwanyị asaa n'ime ụmụ amaala iri bi na ịda ogbenye na ụmụ nwanyị atọ n'ime iri nọ n'oké ịda ogbenye; ha nọ n'okpuru nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị ha kamakwa site na ọkwa ha na agbụrụ ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=García|first=Ana Karen|title=7 de cada 10 indígenas en México son pobres|language=es|url=https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/economia/7-de-cada-10-indigenas-en-Mexico-son-pobres-20180916-0007.html|work=El Economista|date=16 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mexico, a ghaghị ịmepụta otu mmegharị dị iche na nke a na-ahụkarị, nke na-emesapụ aka iji nwee ike ịnọchite anya ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ nwanyị. Dị ka ụmụ amaala ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị naanị otu ma ọ bụ ndị otu abụọ dị nta, ndị na-abụghị ụmụ amaala na-ewepụkarị ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=FILAC|first=comunicación|date=2020-03-11|title=Racismo invisibilliza violencia contra las mujeres indígenas|url=https://www.filac.org/wp/comunicacion/actualidad-indigena/racismo-invisibilliza-violencia-contra-las-mujeres-indigenas/|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=FILAC {{!}} Fondo para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas de América Latina y El Caribe|language=es|archivedate=2020-12-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207155040/https://www.filac.org/wp/comunicacion/actualidad-indigena/racismo-invisibilliza-violencia-contra-las-mujeres-indigenas/}}
[[Òtù:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt;  Hegemonic feminism, tinyere okwu ''feminism'' n'onwe ya, na-agbagha maka nchịkọta ya banyere ụmụ nwanyị; Ọzọkwa, ma dị ka a hụrụ na ha anaghị aghọta na e wuru nwoke na nwanyị n'ụzọ dị iche na ọnọdụ akụkọ ihe mere eme dị iche iche, nakwa na ụmụ nwanyị nwere echiche nke ha banyere ùgwù ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Aparacio|first=Rosario|date=2018|title=507 International Perspectives on Gender and Race/Ethnicity|url=https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:3HjrGyKOQHQJ:scholar.google.com/&amp;hl=es&amp;as_sdt=0,5&amp;as_vis=1&amp;scioq=Gender+and+Ethnicity+in+Mexico:+Considerations+on+Gender+Violence+Against+Indigenous+Women|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409191453/https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:3HjrGyKOQHQJ:scholar.google.com/&amp;hl=es&amp;as_sdt=0,5&amp;as_vis=1&amp;scioq=Gender+and+Ethnicity+in+Mexico:+Considerations+on+Gender+Violence+Against+Indigenous+Women|archivedate=2022-04-09|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=scholar.googleusercontent.com}}
[[Òtù:CS1 maint: url-status]]&lt;/ref&gt;  Feminism na Mexico na-elekwasị anya n'ịchọrọ ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ dịka iwepụ ọdịiche ụgwọ ọrụ n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị na ịkwụsị ime ihe ike n'ụlọ. Feminism nke Mexico anaghị akatọ colonialism, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na enweghị nhata akụ na ụba dị ka isi iyi nke nkewa na ịkpa ókè megide ụmụ nwanyị aborigine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Olivera|first=Mercedes|chapter=Justicia, mujeres indígenas y defensa participativa en Chiapas|language=es|date=2019-12-01|title=Mercedes Olivera|pages=379–404|publisher=CLACSO|isbn=978-987-722-549-5|doi=10.2307/j.ctvt6rm5c.20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ahụhụ, ịkpa ókè na enweghị mmasị mere ka ụmụ nwanyị ndị a were ngwá agha, welie olu ha ma chọọ ka ha sonye n'ọrụ megide enweghị nhata agbụrụ. Ụmụ nwanyị amaala akọwapụtala profaịlụ nke ọdịbendị, obodo, ikike na omenala. Dị ka Lugo si kwuo, enwere ike idepụta usoro a dị ka ihe ịrịba ama mbụ nke ụmụ amaala nwanyị. Site na ọmụmụ nke ụmụ amaala nwanyị na Mexico, a na-atụ aro ka a tụgharịa uche n'eziokwu ụmụ amaala, ọ bụghị naanị dabere na njirimara nwoke na nwanyị ha, kamakwa iji nyocha nke njirimara agbụrụ ha. Ha na-achọ mgbanwe nke ọha mmadụ Mexico na Steeti, na-akatọ ịhụ mba n'anya nke mere ka gọọmentị na ndị bi na Mexico dabere na ụkpụrụ ndị nna ochie, lesbophobic na homophobic nke nwere ike ịkpalite ụdị ime ihe ike agbụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Oslender|first=Ulrich|title=Reseña. Cutting the wire. The Story of the Landless Movement in Brazil|journal=Tabula Rasa|date=30 December 2003|issue=1|pages=281–286|doi=10.25058/20112742.199}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Iwu Zapatista na Iwu Mgbanwe nke Ụmụ nwanyị ====
N'ịbụ ndị mejupụtara ndị otu Chiapas Indigenous, &quot;Tzeltal, Tzotzil, Chol, Tiobal, Zoque, Kanjobal na Mame&quot;, ndị otu Zapatista alụọla ọgụ maka ikike ụmụ amaala Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Godelmann|first=Iker Reyes|date=30 July 2014|title=The Zapatista Movement: The Fight for Indigenous Rights in Mexico|url=https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/news-item/the-zapatista-movement-the-fight-for-indigenous-rights-in-mexico/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209205134/https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/news-item/the-zapatista-movement-the-fight-for-indigenous-rights-in-mexico/|archivedate=2023-02-09|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=Australian Institute of International Affairs|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu na ndị agha Zapatista ma na-achọ &quot;ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-enweghị ọkwa nwoke na nwanyị,&quot; yana ikike ụmụ amaala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Speed|first=Shannon|title=Dissident women : gender and cultural politics in Chiapas|date=2006|publisher=University of Texas Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-292-79433-7|edition=1st|location=Austin|pages=95|oclc=646793587}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Olivera na-ekwu na &quot;Ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọrụ ugbo nke jikọtara ọnụ dị ka ndị na-alụ ọgụ ma ọ bụ - n'okwu Subcomandante Marcos - 'netwọk nkwado' (bases de apoyo) bụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị otu EZLN [ma ọ bụ Zapatista]. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Olivera|first=Mercedes|title=Subordination and rebellion: Indigenous peasant women in Chiapas ten years after the Zapatista uprising|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-peasant-studies_july-october-2005_32_3-4/page/608|journal=Journal of Peasant Studies|date=2005|volume=32|issue=3–4|pages=608–628|doi=10.1080/03066150500267073}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe mgbaru ọsọ Zapatista bụ ikpochapụ agbụrụ na nkewa nwoke na nwanyị, na-abanye n'ime ebe ọha na eze nke nwoke na ndị mestizo ebe a gbachiri olu ha nkịtị. Mmegharị Zapatista mere ka ikike ụmụ amaala nwere ikpebi onwe ha banye n'ime iwu Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Godelmann|first=Iker Reyes|date=30 July 2014|title=The Zapatista Movement: The Fight for Indigenous Rights in Mexico|url=https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/news-item/the-zapatista-movement-the-fight-for-indigenous-rights-in-mexico/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209205134/https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/news-item/the-zapatista-movement-the-fight-for-indigenous-rights-in-mexico/|archivedate=2023-02-09|accessdate=2021-02-04|work=Australian Institute of International Affairs|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu oge ahụ, ndị Zapatista kwadoro ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Iwu Mgbanwe nke Ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Marcos|first=Sylvia|date=22 July 2014|title=The Zapatista Women's Revolutionary Law as it is lived today|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/zapatista-womens-revolutionary-law-as-it-is-lived-today/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-02-04|work=openDemocracy|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iwu mgbanwe nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere ihe dị mkpa maka feminism dịka e debere ya n'akụkụ iwu EZLN ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hernández Castillo|first=R. Aída|title=The Emergence of Indigenous Feminism in Latin America|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_signs_spring-2010_35_3/page/n12|journal=Signs|date=2010|volume=35|issue=3|pages=539–545|doi=10.1086/648538}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iwu mgbanwe nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị Zapatista &quot;mere ka e mepụta ohere maka ụmụ nwanyị sitere na mpaghara dị iche iche iji hazie onwe ha, na-akwalite mgbanwe n'ụdị ọrụ na okwu ndị gosipụtara usoro nhazi ha ruo n'afọ ndị 1990. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;

=== Ụmụ amaala Amerịka ===
Native American feminism ma ọ bụ Native feminism bụ otu mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na ahụmịhe ndụ nke ụmụ nwanyị Native American na First Nations (FNIM). Dị ka alaka nke ụmụ amaala ụmụ amaala, n'otu aka ahụ, ọ na-ebute decolonization, ọbụbụeze ụmụ amaala, na ike nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ụmụ amaala n'ọnọdụ nke ụkpụrụ ọdịbendị Amerịka na mba mbụ na ihe ndị dị mkpa, kama ndị ọcha, ndị a ma ama.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramirez&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ramirez|first=Renya|title=Race, Tribal Nation, and Gender: A Native Feminist Approach to Belonging|journal=Meridians|date=2007|volume=7|issue=2|pages=22–40|doi=10.2979/MER.2007.7.2.22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu okwu dị mkpa na ngwa ngwa maka ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala bụ nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ nwanyị na-efu ma gbuo (MMIW).&lt;ref name=&quot;McKenna&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=McKenna|first=Cara|url=http://www.metronews.ca/features/vancouver/vancouvering/2016/12/02/indigenous-feminists-strategize-before-mmiw-inquiry.html|title=Indigenous feminists strategize before MMIW inquiry - Advocates in Vancouver to hold last of three public meetings this weekend|work=[[Metro International#North America|Metro Toronto]]|date=2 Dec 2016|accessdate=15 Oct 2017|archivedate=16 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016014645/http://www.metronews.ca/features/vancouver/vancouvering/2016/12/02/indigenous-feminists-strategize-before-mmiw-inquiry.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* Ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị n'etiti ụmụ amaala nke North America
* Chicana feminism
* Feminism zuru ụwa ọnụ
* Gypsy feminism
* Feminism nke Alakụba
* Feminism nke postcolonial
* Postfeminism
* Feminism nke mba ụwa
* Nwanyị

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Ịgụgụ ọzọ ==

* Anderson, Kim. &quot;Affirmations of an Indigenous Feminist.&quot; Ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala na Feminism: ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọrụ, ọdịbendị. Ed. Cheryl Suzack. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2010. 81.
* {{Cite journal|author=Deer|first=Sarah|authorlink=Sarah Deer|title=(En)Gendering Indian Law: Indigenous Feminist Legal Theory in the United States|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Feminism|volume=31|issue=1|year=2019|url=https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlf/vol31/iss1/2}}
* Episkenew, Jo-Ann. Iweghachite mmụọ anyị: Akwụkwọ Ụmụ Amaala, Iwu Ọha, na Ịgwọ ọrịa. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2009. Mbipụta.
* Hill Collins, Patricia. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. [New ed.] [[London]]: Routledge, 2009.
* Suzack, Cheryl, Shari M. Huhndorf, Jeanne Perreault, na Jean Barman, eds. Ụmụ nwanyị ụmụ amaala na Feminism: ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọrụ, ọdịbendị. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2010.
* Mihesuah, Devon A., na Angela Cavender Wilson, eds. Indigenizing the Academy: Transforming Scholarship and Empowering Communities. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004.
* Green, Joyce A. Ed. Making Space for Indigenous Feminism Black Point, N.S.: Fernwood Pub., 2007.
* Maracle, Lee. ''Abụ m nwanyị'': Echiche nke obodo na Sociology na Feminism. Vancouver, B.C.: Press Gang, 1996.
* Anderson, Kim &amp; Bonita Lawrence, eds. Strong Women Stories: Native Vision and Community Survival. Toronto: Sumach Press, 2006.
* Mihesuah, Devon A. Ụmụ nwanyị Amerịka: Decolonization, Empowerment, Activism. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003.
* Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. Feminism Without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity. London: Duke University Press, 2003.
* Razack, Sherene. Ed. Race, Space, and the Law: Unmapping a White Settler Society. Toronto: Between the Lines, 2002.
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Human trafficking in Michigan</title>
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'''Ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ na mba Michigan''' gụnyere ịtụ mgbere ahịa na mmegbu nke ndị mbịarambịa iwu na-akwadoghị, ịtọrọ mmadụ, na ịmanye ịgba akwụna. N'ihi ya, e mepụtara iwu iji nye ikpe kwesịrị ekwesị nke ikpe ndị metụtara ya, nnukwu mahadum nwekwara mmasị n'ịlụso mpụ a ọgụ ma weta enyemaka nye ndị ahụ metụtara. Ụlọ ọrụ National Human Trafficking Resource Center kọrọ na ha natara ozi ịntanetị 717 na oku n'afọ 2015 banyere ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ na mba Michigan.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHTRC 2015 Report&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=United States Report: 1/1/2015 – 12/31/2015|url=http://traffickingresourcecenter.org/sites/default/files/NHTRC%202015%20United%20States%20Report%20-%20USA%20-%2001.01.15%20-%2012.31.pdf|work=National Human Trafficking Resource Center|publisher=National Human Trafficking Resource Center|accessdate=19 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iwu ==
N'afọ 2006, Gọvanọ Jennifer Granholm bịanyere aka na House Bill 5747, nke Rep.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ihmsisters.org/www/Justice_Peace_and_Sustainability/trafficking.asp|title=IHM Sisters|accessdate=2011-08-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317171638/http://www.ihmsisters.org/www/Justice_Peace_and_Sustainability/trafficking.asp|archivedate=2012-03-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Phil Pavlov, nke machibidoro ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na Michigan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.michiganvotes.org/2006-HB-5747|title=Michigan Votes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iwu steeti dị mkpa bụ ngalaba 750.462a ruo 750.462i.&lt;ref name=&quot;penalcode&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=CHAPTER LXVIIA HUMAN TRAFFICKING|url=http://www.legislature.mi.gov/%28S%28ijdexuempjc0o3q0z0oamgnn%29%29/mileg.aspx?page=getObject&amp;objectName=mcl-328-1931-LXVIIA|work=THE MICHIGAN PENAL CODE (EXCERPT) Act 328 of 1931|accessdate=22 August 2011|archivedate=15 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115045325/https://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(qr2whhjdmamjd2555nca5n55))/mileg.aspx?page=getObject&amp;objectName=mcl-328-1931-LXVIIA}}&lt;/ref&gt;  N'ụbọchị nke 1 n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2011, e tiri iwu ọzọ, 750.462j, nke setịpụrụ ihe ndabere maka ikpe ọzọ na ikpe ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cbs31Mar11&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=MI Implements Stronger Human Trafficking Laws|url=http://detroit.cbslocal.com/2011/03/31/mi-implements-stronger-human-trafficking-laws/|accessdate=22 August 2011|work=CBS Detroit|date=March 31, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mahadum ==
E nwere ọtụtụ òtù na ọrụ na-enye nnyocha banyere ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ na mba US, gụnyere Mahadum Michigan na Mahadum Michigan State.

=== Mahadum Michigan State ===
Jane White, onye isi nke Michigan Human Trafficking Task Force na School of Criminal Justice nke Michigan State University, bụ onye guzobere ndị ọrụ ahụ nwere ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ iri itoolu. Nkwupụta ozi ha bụ: &lt;blockquote&gt;Michigan Human Trafficking Task Force dị adị iji mee ka mgbalị mmekorita iji gbochie ịzụ ahịa mmadụ n'ime Steeti Michigan, ịchụso ikpe nke ndị omekome, na ichebe ma gbanwee ndị na-azụ ahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;MHTTF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michigan Human Trafficking Task Force|url=http://www.humantrafficking.msu.edu/|work=Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice website|publisher=Michigan State University|accessdate=22 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024171809/http://www.humantrafficking.msu.edu/|archivedate=24 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ndị ọrụ a na-enye mmata site na ikwu okwu na ọzụzụ pụrụ iche nye ndị otu ọkachamara na nzukọ steeti, na-amalite ndị ọrụ mpaghara, na-akwado ikpe ma na ọkwa steeti na ikpe gọọmentị etiti, ma na-achọpụta ihe onwunwe maka ndị metụtara / ndị lanarịrị ma ọrụ ma ịtụ mgbere ahịa mmekọahụ.

=== Mahadum nke Michigan ===
Mahadum Michigan na-enye &quot;Human Trafficking Clinical Program&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofM Law School&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.law.umich.edu/clinical/humantraffickingclinicalprogram/Pages/default.aspx|title=University of Michigan Law School, Human Trafficking}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ngalaba abụọ, Human Trafficking Clinic (HTC), na Human Trafficking Law Project (HTLP). &quot;HTC bụ ụlọ ọgwụ iwu mbụ a raara nye naanị maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na mba United States.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;UofM Law School&quot; /&gt; HTLP bụ nchekwa data a na-ewu nke ikpe niile gbasara ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na mba United States.

== Ihe Nlereanya ==
Enwere ike ịchọta ọtụtụ akụkọ na ikpe site na weebụsaịtị Mahadum Michigan.&lt;ref name=&quot;quadrangle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vloet|first=Katie|title=No, Slavery Did Not End|url=http://www.law.umich.edu/quadrangle/spring2011/specialfeatures/Pages/TheFaceofModerndaySlavery.aspx#1|work=Law Quadrangle|publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan|accessdate=22 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
A na-ejikwa ikpe nke nkwụsị ụgbọala eme ihe na mgbaaka ịgba akwụna dịkwa na nchekwa data nke [http://www.law.umich.edu/clinical/HuTrafficCases/Pages/searchdatabase.aspx HTLP] nke Mahadum Michigan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lexis78760&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=United States v. Deric Willoughby|url=http://www.law.umich.edu/clinical/HuTrafficCases/Pages/CaseDisp.aspx?caseID=47|work=University of Michigan HTLP|publisher=The Regents of the University of Michigan.|accessdate=22 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A mara Henry Davis ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri anọ mgbe ndị uwe ojii chọpụtara ịgba akwụna mmanye.  A tọọrọ ụmụnwanyị ahụ, gụnyere ụfọdụ ndị dị afọ iri na atọ, ma tụọ ha mkpọrọ n'otu ụlọ dị na Detroit.  A manyere ha ka ha na ndị ọbịa nwoke nwee mmekọahụ, na-eyi uwe na nnọkọ nzuzo, ma na-ere ọla na ụlọ ahịa.  A na-akpọrọ ha ebe niile, gụnyere ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ma tie ha ihe mgbe ha si n'ahịrị pụta.  Achọpụtara mgbaaka ahụ mgbe otu nwa agbọghọ, onye a tọọrọ mgbe ọ na-eche bọs, gbapụrụ mgbe a kpọgara ya n'ụlọ ahịa ka e mee ntutu isi ya ma ree ọla.  O duziri ndị uwe ojii gaa n'ụlọ ebe a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ, nke mere ka ejide Davis.&lt;ref&gt;Suzette Hackney &amp; Ben Schmitt, Detroit Free Press, January 15, January 16, February 4, February 15, September 16, 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na Texas
* Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na California

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>4k99bzl21q9dikjehtm5c2dtsr82z7t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lesley-Ann Brandt</title>
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      <text bytes="14770" sha1="5to2er8czju71skp9vta616tgnj8c5u" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
{{Infobox person|name=Lesley-Ann Brandt|image=Lesley-AnnBrandt.jpg|imagesize=200px|caption=|birthname=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1981|12|02|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Cape Town]], South Africa|height=|spouse={{marriage|[[Chris Payne Gilbert]]|2015}}|children=1|death_date=|death_place=|occupation=Actress|yearsactive=2007–present|known_for=''[[Spartacus (2010 TV series)|Spartacus]]'', ''[[Lucifer (TV series)|Lucifer]]''|website=}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Lesley-Ann Brandt''' (a mụrụ na 2 Disemba 1981) bụ onye South Africa na-eme ihe nkiri. Brandt emeela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na New Zealand ma buru ụzọ pụta ìhè na mba ụwa na ọrụ ya dịka ohu nwanyị Naevia na usoro ''Spartacus'': Blood and Sand . Kemgbe Jenụwarị afọ 2016, ọ rụrụ ọrụ Mazikeen na usoro telivishọn ''Lucifer'' .

== Mmalite ndụ ==
A mụrụ ya na Cape Town, South Africa, Brandt bụ Cape Coloured nke Indian, German, Dutch, na Spanish.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Actress Lesley Ann Brandt from the show 'Lucifer'|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUHfdDSm-1s|work=YouTube|accessdate=8 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/LesleyAnnBrandt/status/191022911103053824|title=📎Lesley-Ann Brandt on Twitter|publisher=[[Twitter]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye na-asụ asụsụ Afrikaans nke ọma ma depụta yoga, hockey, na baseball n'etiti mmasị ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;KKM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.actors.co.nz/people/downloadReport.aspx?anybodyId=89673|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt|date=23 November 2010|publisher=Karen Kay Management|accessdate=22 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527030124/http://www.actors.co.nz/people/downloadReport.aspx?anybodyId=89673|archivedate=27 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Saụt Afrịka, ọ na-egwuri egwu hockey asọmpi.&lt;ref name=&quot;starz&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.starz.com/pressroomstatic/tcasummer2010/pdf/CAST%20BIOS_Spartacus%20Gods%20of%20the%20Arena.pdf|title=Cast Bios: Lesley-Ann Brandt (Naevia)|accessdate=22 November 2010|publisher=starz.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717233757/http://www.starz.com/pressroomstatic/tcasummer2010/pdf/CAST%20BIOS_Spartacus%20Gods%20of%20the%20Arena.pdf|archivedate=17 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1999, Brandt kwagara Auckland, New Zealand, ya na nne na nna ya na nwanne ya nwoke Brian Brandt. Brandt malitere ọrụ na obere ahịa na Auckland tupu o nweta ọrụ dịka onye ndụmọdụ na-ahụ maka teknụzụ ozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AUSXIP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://spartacus.ausxip.com/cast/lesley-ann_brandt/|title=AUSXIP Interviews Spartacus Actress Lesley-Ann Brandt|publisher=talkingxena.yuku.com|date=6 December 2009|accessdate=9 November 2010|archivedate=23 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010336/http://spartacus.ausxip.com/cast/lesley-ann_brandt/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;starz&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;screenrave&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://screenrave.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=709&amp;Itemid=204|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt - Plays Naevia on Spartacus|author=Suggs|first=Bob|date=1 January 2010|accessdate=9 November 2010|publisher=Screen Rave|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716022359/http://screenrave.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=709&amp;Itemid=204|archivedate=16 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịgbaso ụfọdụ ọrụ ịme ihe ngosi, a họpụtara ya na ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi telivishọn nke New Zealand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt on her role in Netflix series Lucifer|url=https://www.iol.co.za/weekend-argus/lesley-ann-brandt-on-her-role-in-netflix-series-lucifer-22557495|first=Luke|author=Folb|date=6 May 2019|publisher=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|IOL]]|accessdate=19 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ ihe nkiri ma zụọ ya na usoro Meisner n'afọ 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;KKM&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọrụ mbụ dị ịrịba ama nke Brandt bụ na usoro telivishọn nke New Zealand Diplomatic Immunity . Brandt apụtawo na ọrụ ndị ọbịa na New Zealand hospital soap opera, ''Shortland Street'', na This Is Not My Life, usoro akụkọ sayensị ''nke'' e debere n'afọ ndi 2020s na obodo akụkọ ifo nke Waimoana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment-reviews/news/article.cfm?c_id=1502967&amp;objectid=10662169|title=TV Review: 'This Is Not My Life'|first=Russell|author=Baillie|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=30 July 2010|accessdate=22 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Brandt nwere ọrụ dịka ohu nwanyị Naevia na oge mbụ ''Spartacus'': Blood and Sand na prequel miniseries ''Spartacus'': Gods of the Arena . Na mbụ, ọ gara nyocha maka ọrụ Sura mana onye nduzi nhazi ahụ tụrụ aro ka ọ nyochaa maka ọrụ Naevia kama.&lt;ref name=&quot;KKM&quot;/&gt; Brandt alaghachighị maka oge ''Spartacus'' sochirinụ n'ihi igbu oge mmepụta mgbe Andy Whitfield nwụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypress.co.za/entertainment/burning-up-hollywood/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2014-06-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129042337/http://www.citypress.co.za/entertainment/burning-up-hollywood/|archivedate=2014-11-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye njikwa ya bụ Steven Jensen gwara TheWrap, &quot;Ọ ga-achọ ịlaghachi azụ, mana ha enwetabeghị nọmba anyị na-achọ.&quot; O kwuru na ọ ga-atụgharị uche &quot;ọ bụrụ na ha agbago.&quot; STARZ enweghị nkọwa ọ bụla. Cynthia Addai-Robinson mechara dochie Brandt dịka Naevia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/tv/column-post/lesley-ann-brandt-would-stay-spartacus-price-24836/|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt Would Stay With 'Spartacus'—for a Price|date=17 February 2011|accessdate=13 June 2022|archivedate=8 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108034705/https://www.thewrap.com/tv/column-post/lesley-ann-brandt-would-stay-spartacus-price-24836/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Brandt nwere ọrụ na New Zealand coming-of-age feature film The Hopes &amp; Dreams of Gazza Snell . Ihe nkiri a, banyere onye ihe mberede ụgbọ ala, mere na Howick, nke dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Auckland.&lt;ref name=&quot;screenrave&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzfilm.co.nz/NewsAndMedia/NewsAndPressReleases/News/HOPES___DREAMS__NEW_FILM_ATTRACTS_STRONG_CAST.aspx|title=Hopes and Dreams: New film attracts strong cast|date=16 November 2009|publisher=[[New Zealand Film Commission]]|accessdate=9 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805131052/http://www.nzfilm.co.nz/NewsAndMedia/NewsAndPressReleases/News/HOPES___DREAMS__NEW_FILM_ATTRACTS_STRONG_CAST.aspx|archivedate=5 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye ọbịa Brandt pụtara na CSI: NY &quot;Smooth Criminal&quot; na &quot;Food for Thought&quot;. E gosipụtara Brandt na ihe nkiri ''InSight'' nke ọ na-eme nọọsụ Valerie Khoury . Na Mee 2010, onye ọbịa Brandt pụtara na Legend of the Seeker, ihe nkiri Rob Tapert / Sam Raimi ọzọ e mere na New Zealand. Ọ pụtara na Season 2 season finale &quot;Tears&quot; na ọrụ nke Sister Thea .&lt;ref name=&quot;KKM&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 2011, ọ bụ onye ọbịa pụtara na TNT's ''Memphis Beat'', nke sochiri ọrụ ndu dịka Cassie na Syfy's highest rated original feature for 2011, ''Zombie Apocalypse'', nke gosipụtara Ving Rhames na Taryn Manning . Ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri ''Drift'' ya na Sam Worthington na Xavier Samuel, na ''Duke'' nke CSI: NY star Carmine Giovinazzo.

N'afọ 2013, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ugboro ugboro na oge nke atọ nke Single Ladies dịka Naomi Cox .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Schillaci|first=Sophie|title='Single Ladies' Season Three: These Rookies Are Shaking Things Up|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1720381/single-ladies-season-3-dish-up-drama/|work=MTV|accessdate=13 January 2014|archivedate=8 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308044015/http://www.mtv.com/news/1720381/single-ladies-season-3-dish-up-drama/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2014, ọ bụ onye ọbịa pụtara dịka Larissa Diaz / Copperhead na ''Gotham'', ma pụta dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri ugboro ugboro Lamia na The Librarians .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Maglio|first=Tony|title='Gotham's' Copperhead Debuts on Fox's Fall Finale|url=https://www.thewrap.com/gothams-copperhead-debuts-on-foxs-fall-finale-exclusive-photos/|work=The Wrap|date=24 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=TNT Eyes 'The Librarian' Series; Noah Wyle, Bob Newhart &amp; Jane Curtin May Return|url=https://deadline.com/2014/02/tnt-eyes-the-librarian-series-noah-wyle-bob-newhart-jane-curtin-may-return-686831/|work=Deadline|accessdate=20 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2015, o meriri ọrụ Maze na usoro telivishọn FOX ''Lucifer'' . Ọ nọchiri onye na-eme ihe nkiri Lina Esco onye a tọhapụrụ mgbe a gụchara tebụl mbụ. A kọrọ na Brandt nwalere maka ọrụ ahụ ma tụgharịa uche mgbe a tọhapụrụ Esco.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt Joins 'Lucifer' Fox Pilot In Recasting|url=https://deadline.com/2015/03/lesley-ann-brandt-lucifer-fox-pilot-recasting-1201394166/|work=Deadline|accessdate=17 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe ==
Brandt lụrụ enyi ya nwoke nke afọ isii, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Chris Payne Gilbert, n'afọ 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.brides.com/blogs/aisle-say/2016/01/lucifer-actress-lesley-ann-brandt-vermont-wedding-christina-florada-photography.html|title=Actress Lesley Ann Brandt's Vermont Wedding|publisher=Brides.com|author=Rello, Gabriella|date=January 25, 2016|accessdate=April 18, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716120032/http://www.brides.com/blogs/aisle-say/2016/01/lucifer-actress-lesley-ann-brandt-vermont-wedding-christina-florada-photography.html|archivedate=July 16, 2016}}.&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ nwa mbụ nke di na nwunye a, nwa nwoke Kingston Payne Brandt-Gilbert, na July 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://people.com/babies/lesley-ann-brandt-chris-payne-gilbert-welcome-son-kingston-payne/|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt and Chris Payne Gilbert Welcome Son Kingston Payne|work=People|author=Juneau, Jen|date=July 21, 2017|accessdate=September 23, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha
!Ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|2010
|''Olileanya na Nrọ nke Gazza Snell''
|Sharon
|
|-
|2011
|''InSight''
|Valerie Khoury
|
|-
|2012
|''Mkpụrụ Obi Mara Mma''
|Angela Barry
|
|-
|2013
|''Drift''
|Lani
|
|-
|2011
|''Duke''
|Violet
|
|-
|2015
|''Ọgwụ mgbu''
|Guts
|
|-
|2019
|''Obilock''
|Tara Sharpe
|
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha
!Ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|2009
|''Mgbochi Diplomatic''
|Leilani Fa'auigaese
|Ihe omume iri na atọ
|-
|2010
|''Spartacus: Ọbara na ájá''
|Naevia
|Ihe omume iri na otu
|-
|2010
|''Akụkọ ifo nke onye na-achọ ihe''
|Sister Thea
|Episode: &quot;Tears&quot;
|-
|2010
|''Nke a abụghị ndụ m''
|Hine / WAI Field Reporter
|Ihe omume abụọ
|-
|2011
|''Chuck''
|Fatima Tazi
|Episode: &quot;Chuck Versus the Seduction Impossible&quot;
|-
|2011
|''Spartacus: Gods of the Arena''
|Naevia
|Ihe omume isii
|-
|2011
|''CSI: NY''
|Camille Jordanson
|Ihe omume abụọ
|-
|2011
|''Memphis Beat''
|Adriana
|Nkebi: &quot;Ihe ndị anyị na-ebu&quot;
|-
|2011
|''Zombie Apocalypse''
|Cassie
|Ihe nkiri telivishọn
|-
|2014
|''Ịbụ Mary Jane''
|Tamiko Roberts
|Episode: &quot;Girls Night In&quot;
|-
|2014
|''Ụmụ nwanyị na-egbu egbu''
|Amber Flynn
|Nkebi: &quot;N'ime na n'èzí&quot;
|-
|2014
|''Ụmụ nwanyị na-alụbeghị di''
|Naomi Cox
|Ihe omume iri na otu
|-
|2014
|''Gotham''
|Larissa Diaz/Copperhead
|Episode: &quot;Lovecraft&quot;
|-
|2014
|''Ndị Ọbá Akwụkwọ''
|Lamia
|Ihe omume ise
|-
|2016–2021
|''Lucifer''
|MazikeenLillith&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Main Cast (Season 1–6)Lilith (Season 5, Episode 4 only)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|}

=== Vidio egwu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Afọ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Band
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Aha
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Àgwà
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Onye isi
|-
|2007
|Agha Circus
|&quot;Ịhụnanya n'ime ebe mgbaba&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;KK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.actors.co.nz/people/viewAnybody.aspx?AnybodyID=89673|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt - Music Video|publisher=Karen Kay Management Limited|accessdate=22 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527011605/http://www.actors.co.nz/people/viewAnybody.aspx?anybodyId=89673|archivedate=27 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nwanyị na-edu ndú
|Anton Steel
|-
|2007
|Nesian Mystik
|&quot;R.S.V.P.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;KK&quot; /&gt;
|Nwanyị na-edu ndú
|Luke Sharpe
|}

=== Podcasts ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Ụbọchị
!Aha
|-
|Nọvemba 5, 2019
|''That One Audition with Alyshia Ochse''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://alyshiaochse.libsyn.com/098-lesley-ann-brandt-punch-above-your-weight|title=That One Audition with Alyshia Ochse: 098: Lesley-Ann Brandt — Punch Above Your Weight}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Julaị 15, 2019
|''LipRoll''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iheart.com/podcast/256-liproll-43079360/episode/lesley-ann-brandt-actress-maze-on-netflixs-46944483/|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt (Actress, &quot;Maze&quot;) on Netflix's Lucifer - LipRoll|accessdate=2022-06-13|archivedate=2020-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022213347/https://www.iheart.com/podcast/256-liproll-43079360/episode/lesley-ann-brandt-actress-maze-on-netflixs-46944483/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Julaị 11, 2019
|''N'èzí n'ọhịa aka ekpe ya na Dana Goldberg''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sexyliberal.com/lucifer-star-lesley-ann-brandt-goes-out-in-left-field/|title=Lucifer Star Lesley-Ann Brandt Goes Out in Left Field&amp;#124;Stephanie Miller's Sexy Liberal Podcast Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Mee 23, 2019
|''Fan Wonderland''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/anchor-podcasts/fan-wonderland/e/61001746|title=Fan Wonderland - Episode Fourty{{sic |nolink=yes}} Three: All Hell Breaks Loose with Lesley-Ann Brandt on Stitcher}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|''Mama Said''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.podcastone.com/episode/Taking-Leave-for-Both-Mommy-and-Daddy-with-Lesley-Ann-Brandt|title=PodcastOne: Taking Leave for Both Mommy and Daddy with Lesley-Ann Brandt|accessdate=2022-06-13|archivedate=2020-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026012103/https://www.podcastone.com/episode/Taking-Leave-for-Both-Mommy-and-Daddy-with-Lesley-Ann-Brandt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|Build &amp; Chill with The TVC
|-
|Jenụwarị 22, 2016
|''Down na Nerdy''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://podbay.fm/podcast/975437148/e/1453441708|title=Episode 96 - an Interview with Lesley-Ann Brandt from FOX's Lucifer from Down and Nerdy Podcast &amp;#124; Podcast Episode on Podbay}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Edemsibịa ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* Lesley Ann Brandt on Twitter 
* {{IMDb name|2788229}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110830194103/http://thebringerofrain.net/interview/lesleyannbrandt/ Lesley-Ann Brandt na-aza ajụjụ ndị fan - February 2011]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Ibrahima Gueye (actor)</title>
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      <text bytes="3711" sha1="ryfmckl7q5ripljl4sv3lqugatw9im4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Ibrahima Gueye|image=|caption=Ibrahima Gueye acted as Momo in [[The Life Ahead]] movie|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|2005|12|31}}|birth_place=[[Senegal]]|years_active=2012–present|alma_mater=|occupation={{plainlist|
*Actor
}}|children=|spouse=|citizenship=Italian|relatives=|parents=|website=}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
{{Databox}}

'''Ibrahima Gueye''' (a mụrụ n'abalị 31 ọnwa Disemba, afọ 2005), bụ onye Senegal a mụrụ na Italy.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm5098066/|title=Ibrahima Gueye|work=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://meaww.com/the-life-ahead-cast-sophia-loren-ibrahima-gueye-abril-zamora-netflix-adaptation-film-romain-gary|title='The Life Ahead': Meet Sophia Loren, Ibrahima Gueye and rest of the cast of Netflix film on Romain Gary's novel|work=meaww.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;  
O meela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na usoro TV dịka The Life Ahead .&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Gueye na isi obodo Senegal nke Dakar . N'afọ 2014, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Ịtali.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2019, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri izizi ya, The Life Ahead .&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81046378|title=Watch The Life Ahead &amp;#124; Netflix Official Site|work=www.netflix.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2021/2/23/the-life-ahead-review/|title=‘The Life Ahead’ Review Illustrates a Realistic but Directionless Life Ahead &amp;#124; Arts &amp;#124; The Harvard Crimson|work=www.thecrimson.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe nkiri TV
!Ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|2020
|''Ndụ Na-aga n'ihu''
|Momo
|Nke The Life Ahead duziri&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2019 -
|''Egwu Dị Oké Mkpa''
|Barny
|Nke Marcus Adams duziri
|-
|}

== Nhọpụta na onyinye ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Ndị a họpụtara
!Nsonaazụ
![Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
|-
|2021
|Ihe nrite ihe nkiri ndị Critics' Choice
|Onye Ntorobịa Kasị Mma
|Ibrahima Gueye
| {{Nom}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/mank-minari-lead-critics-choice-awards-film-nominations-chadwick-boseman-1234689332/|title=‘Mank’, ‘Minari’ Lead Critics Choice Awards Film Nominations; Netflix Tops Studios; Chadwick Boseman Receives 4|first=Pete|author=Hammond|date=February 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/critics-choice-awards-2021-winners|title=All the Winners From the 2021 Critics Choice Awards|date=March 8, 2021|work=Vogue}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Edemsibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|5098066}}
* [https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/ibrahima_gueye_2 Rotten Tomatoes: Ihe nkiri na TV Ihe ngosi Movie Trailers na Reviews - Rotten Tomataes]
* [https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/2021-critics-choice-awards-nominations-the-full-list/]
* [https://thespool.net/reviews/the-life-ahead-review-trailer/ &quot;The Life Ahead&quot; na-elekarị anya azụ]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/the-life-ahead-movie-review/2020/11/10/882ded6c-212d-11eb-b532-05c751cd5dc2_story.html]
* [https://www.newportthisweek.com/articles/sophia-loren-shines-in-the-life-ahead/ Sophia Loren Shines na-apụta ìhè na ndụ n'ihu - Newport Izu a]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163514/https://afro.com/the-life-ahead-film-review/4-ibrahima-gueye-in-the-life-ahead-courtesy-of-netflix/ 4. Ibrahima Gueye na The Life Ahead nke Netflix nyere]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/12/movies/the-life-ahead-review.html Ntụle: Sophia Loren, nke Nwa ya nwoke, Shines duziri]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Louise Martin</title>
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'''Louise Ozelle Martin''' (ụbọchị 9 ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1911 - rụọ ụbọchị 15 ọnwa Julaị afọ 1995) bụ onye Amerịka na-ese foto nke natara nkwado maka foto ya nke Houston Freedom Riders, Dr. [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr]]., na karịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstoniamag.com/slideshows/2018/2/21/louise-martin-one-allen-center-photograph|title=See Three Decades of Houston Black History in Photos|work=Houstonia|accessdate=29 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A maara ya dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ maka ndị inyom Afrịka-Amerịka na-ese foto.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Martin na Brenham, Texas, nke bụ obere obodo German dị nso na Houston, na mpkuru ubochi  9 n'ọnwa Jenụwarị nke afọ 1911, nne na nna ya bụ Barbara (Harris) Martin, onye na-arụ ọrụ na Vanda Martin, onye nlekọta. nye Vanda Martin na Barbara (Harnis) Martin.&lt;ref name=&quot;CHRONICLEmfahSHOW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;  Ọ malitere inwe mmasị na foto mgbe ọ dị obere n'ihi ịhụnanya ya maka foto, nke nne ya gbara ume. Mgbe Martin dị afọ iri na otu, nne ya zụtara ya igwefoto mbụ ya maka $ 3.98.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Ka ọ na-erule oge ọ bụ nwata na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Martin anọchiwo ụlọ ọrụ na-ese foto ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji ya. Nne Martin gbara ya ume ka ọ mụọ akụ na ụba ụlọ ma ọ bụ nọọsụ na mahadum ndị Ojiị dị n'ógbè ahụ, mana enyeghị ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọ nwere mmasị na ya.  Kama nke ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ River Oak ruo mgbe ọ nwere ike ịdebanye aha na Mahadum Denver.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Martin hapụrụ Texas ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ na Chicago n'ihi na kọleji ndị si South nwere iwu ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke na-ekweghị ka ndị isi ojii gaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt; Ọ gụrụ foto na Art Institute nke Chicago na American School of Photography . N'afọ 1946, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta na foto na Mahadum Denver School of Photographic Arts and Scientists.&lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt;  Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ bụ naanị nwanyị ojii debanyere aha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, 1951-|url=https://archive.org/details/viewfindersblack00mout|title=Viewfinders : Black women photographers|date=1986|publisher=Dodd, Mead|isbn=0396086098|edition=1st|location=New York|oclc=12419808}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum Denver, Martin rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto n'onwe ya. Ọ na-ese foto nke ndị agha, ka Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ mere ka ọchịchọ maka foto nke ndị ọrụ.  Ọrụ Martin na Denver mere ka ọ sonye na Rocky Mountain Association na mbido afọ 1950.  N'afọ 1952, ọ sonyeere Southwestern Photographers Convention dị ka naanị onye isi ojii.  Ihe ịga nke ọma ya na Southwestern Photographers Convention mere ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Texas Professional Photographers Association, Professional Photographists of America, Southwest Professional Photographer Association, na Business and Professional Women Association. A maara ya maka iji ọkụ na nkà ya n'ịtụgharị foto.

== Ọrụ ==
Ka oge na-aga, ọ kwagara Houston, Texas.  Na Houston, ọ lụrụ Uriete Boze, onye na-ebu ụgbọ okporo ígwè.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Trotty|first=Sarah|title=Martin, Louise Ozelle|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fmara|work=TSHAOnline.org|publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]|accessdate=28 March 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTrotty&quot;&gt;Trotty, Sarah. [https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fmara &quot;Martin, Louise Ozelle&quot;]. ''TSHAOnline.org''. [[Texas State Historical Association]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 March&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rust|first=Carol|date=15 Jan 1995|title=IN THOSE DAYS/Louise Martin Crossed Paths with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at the Beginning, and at the End, of His Career: [2 STAR Edition].|work=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRust1995&quot;&gt;Rust, Carol (15 January 1995). &quot;IN THOSE DAYS/Louise Martin Crossed Paths with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at the Beginning, and at the End, of His Career: [2 STAR Edition]&quot;. ''Houston Chronicle''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ha lụsịrị, ha gbara alụkwaghịm, ebe ọ chọrọ ka ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ, ọ raara onwe ya nye ọrụ ya.

Na Houston, Martin nwetara ọtụtụ mmata na ihe ịga nke ọma na foto. N'afọ 1946, o guzobere ụlọ ọrụ Louise Martin Art, nke na-eje ozi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị isi ojii nke Houston, ụlọ ụka, na ụwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke gara Houston.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Martin mere atụmatụ na ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ndị ahịa ya bụ ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-10-30|title=Louise O. Martin|url=https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/louise-o-martin|accessdate=2021-11-19|work=International Center of Photography|language=en|archivedate=2021-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119034922/https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/louise-o-martin}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya dị ka &quot;Houston's Society Photographer&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=TSHA {{!}} Martin, Louise Ozelle|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/martin-louise-ozelle|work=www.tshaonline.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/martin-louise-ozelle &quot;TSHA | Martin, Louise Ozelle&quot;]. ''www.tshaonline.org''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ICP&quot;/&gt; Martin rụrụ ọrụ maka Houston Forward Times na Houston Informer, akwụkwọ akụkọ Black Houston abụọ.

Martin sere foto nke ndị ama ama, ugboro ugboro ka ha na-agafe Houston gụnyere John F. Kennedy, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, Coretta Scott King, Marian Anderson, na Jesse Jackson&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-10-30|title=[Coretta Scott King]|url=https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/objects/coretta-scott-king|accessdate=2021-11-19|work=International Center of Photography|language=en|archivedate=2021-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119034919/https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/objects/coretta-scott-king}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=July 14, 1995|title=Acclaimed photographer Martin dies|work=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1968, Foward Times na Informer zigara Marin na Funeral nke Martin Luther King Jr., ebe ọ bụ naanị nwanyị Afrịka-Amerịka na-ese foto.&lt;ref name=&quot;CHRONICLEmfahSHOW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Glentzer|first=Molly|date=1 April 2016|title=The MFAH exhibits art from its African-American collection|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/theater/article/The-MFAH-exhibits-art-from-its-African-American-7223350.php|work=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGlentzer2016&quot;&gt;Glentzer, Molly (1 April 2016). [https://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/theater/article/The-MFAH-exhibits-art-from-its-African-American-7223350.php &quot;The MFAH exhibits art from its African-American collection&quot;]. ''Houston Chronicle''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Foto ya na foto ya nke Coretta Scott King mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama na mba. Ọtụtụ n'ime foto olili ozu ya ka ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nwetara, gụnyere International Center of Photography na Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, ụfọdụ n'ime ha pụtara na Life ''Magazine''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=TSHA {{!}} Martin, Louise Ozelle|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/martin-louise-ozelle|accessdate=2021-11-19|work=www.tshaonline.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/martin-louise-ozelle &quot;TSHA | Martin, Louise Ozelle&quot;]. ''www.tshaonline.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;19 November&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 1970, Martin enwetala onyinye 27 na foto.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;  Ọ bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ maka ụmụ nwanyị na-ese foto n'Afrịka.

Martin nwụrụ n'ọnwa Julaị 15, afọ 1995, n'ụlọ ya nke atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot;/&gt;  E liri ya na Willow Grove Cemetery na Brenham.

A gụnyere ọrụ ya na nchịkọta nke Museum of Fine Arts Houston, na International Center of Photography.&lt;ref name=&quot;MFAH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Louise Ozell Martin: Martin Luther King's Funeral, Atlanta|url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/9011/martin-luther-kings-funeral-atlanta|work=mfah.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ICP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 October 2019|title=Louise O. Martin|url=https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/louise-o-martin?all/all/all/all/0|work=International Center of Photography|language=en|accessdate=23 June 2022|archivedate=29 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829033715/https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/louise-o-martin?all/all/all/all/0}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210829033715/https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/louise-o-martin?all/all/all/all/0 &quot;Louise O. Martin&quot;]. ''International Center of Photography''. 30 October 2019.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <title>Iga Idunganran</title>
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      <text bytes="9674" sha1="742v7marjgjqdeo6kh1ljo4j6vffd2w" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Iga_iduganran,_Lagos_Island.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Iga_iduganran%2C_Lagos_Island.jpg/220px-Iga_iduganran%2C_Lagos_Island.jpg|thumb|Iga Iduganran, Lagos Island]]
'''Iga Idunganran''' bụ ebe obibi nke Oba nke Lagos, nke dị na Lagos Island.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fcS_BAAAQBAJ&amp;q=Iga+Idunganran+Oba+of+Lagos&amp;pg=PT69|isbn=9781908493897|title=Lagos: A Cultural and Literary History|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|author=Kaye Whiteman|year=2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Oba of Lagos Palace – Iga Idaguran – Isale Eko|url=https://www.omoisaleeko.org/oba-of-lagos-palace-iga-idaguran/|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701162408/https://www.omoisaleeko.org/oba-of-lagos-palace-iga-idaguran/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-08|title=A king and his money|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/a-king-and-his-money/|accessdate=2022-06-16|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ndị njem nleharianya.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Malite na narị afọ nke iri na ise, ailandi Lagos bụ nke onye mbụ bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ Chief Aromire nwe, onye bụ onye isi Ile-Ife, onye jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ebe ịkụ azụ na ugbo ose.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-05-29|title=Lagos History Lecture and no man's land exponents|url=https://guardian.ng/features/lagos-history-lecture-and-no-mans-land-exponents/|accessdate=2022-06-19|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619110333/https://guardian.ng/features/lagos-history-lecture-and-no-mans-land-exponents/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wuru obí eze oge ochie ahụ na afọ 1670 maka Oba Gabaro (1669-1760).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Okeagu Ogadah|date=2005|title=Nigeria: cultural festivals &amp; tourism sites directory, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=apMnAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Iga+Idunganran|publisher=Federal Ministry of Cultural &amp; Tourism|isbn=9780670556|accessdate=4 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị Portuguese mechara rụzigharịa ya, na ihe ndị e ji mezie ya, ọkachasị tiles nke esibPortugal weta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Smith|first=Robert|title=The Lagos Consulate, 1851-1861|date=January 1979|publisher=University of California Press, 1979|isbn=9780520037465}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ Praịm Minista Naịjirịa, Sir [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], rụchara akụkụ nke oge a ma nyefe  ya ịba ọrụ na ọnwa mbụ nke Ọktoba afọ 1960.&lt;ref name=&quot;Folami&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Folami|first=Takiu|title=A History of Lagos, Nigeria: The Shaping of an African City|year=1982|publisher=Exposition Press|isbn=9780682497725|pages=65–66}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, eze Adeniji Adele nke abụọ na Adeyinka Oyekan nke abụọ mepụtara ya, ọ gara n'ihu na afọ 2007 na 2008 site n'aka eze nke ugbu a, Akiolu, na njikọ aka nke gọọmentị Steeti Lagos  na mesuom Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|date=2006|title=African Cities Driving the NEPAD Initiative|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tk5TP7bsXnkC&amp;q=Iga+Idunganran&amp;pg=PA258|publisher=[[United Nations Human Settlements Programme]]|isbn=9211318157|accessdate=4 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iga Idunganran nọrọ ọnọdụ dị ka  ebe nchịkwa, ahịa agwaetiti ahụ na ebe [[Eyo festival|ememme]] Eyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=King|first=Anthony D.|date=1996|title=Representing the City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkowswM5qnAC&amp;q=Iga+Idunganran&amp;pg=PA118|publisher=[[New York University Press]]|isbn=0814746799|accessdate=4 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe aha ahụ si ==
''IGA'', nke sitere n'asụsụ Oyo / Ife Yoruba ''GAA'' nke pụtara ụlọ eze ma ọbu Obi eze akpọrọ Royal Home ma ọ bụ Palace na bekee, ''IDUN'' pụtara ala, ebe ma ọ bụ ''ụda nke'' ebe ''IGANRAN'' bụ okwu Yoruba maka ose. Iga Idunganran ya mere na-asụgharị &quot;obí eze e wuru n'ugbo ose&quot;, ebe Aromire jiri ala ahụ mepụta n'oge gara aga dị ka ugbo ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Williams|first=Lizzie|date=2008|title=Nigeria: The Bradt Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fwuQ71ZbaOcC&amp;q=Iga+Idunganran&amp;pg=PA110|publisher=[[Bradt Travel Guides]]|isbn=978-1841622392|accessdate=4 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Iga Idungaran|url=https://www.visitnigerianow.com/tours/iga-idungaran/|accessdate=2022-06-19|work=Visit Nigeria Now|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-05-14|title=Lagos Oba traces origin to Benin,|url=https://m.guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/lagos-oba-traces-origin-to-benin/|accessdate=2022-06-19|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ili oge ochie ==
A na-eli ndị eze niile nke Lagos tupu Oba Akitoye na Obodo Benin . Eze Akitoye bụ Eze mbụ nke Lagos ka e liri n'ime obí eze nke oge a. A na-eli ndị eze  niile sochirinụ ma e wezụga Sanusi Olusi na Kosoko na Iga Idunganran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Folami&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Palace Iga Idungaran, Lagos, Nigeria - tourist attractions, most popular and visited places - KeepTravel|url=https://www.keeptravel.com/nigeria/attraction/dvorets-iga-idungaran|accessdate=2022-06-21|work=www.keeptravel.com|archivedate=2025-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126215406/https://www.keeptravel.com/nigeria/attraction/dvorets-iga-idungaran}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe nsọ oge ochie nke Iga Idunganran ==
E nwere ọtụtụ ebe ofufe arusi nke ndi orisha n'obí eze. Ndị a gụnyere:

=== Èsù ===
Enwere ike ịchọta Esu (nke a na-akpọ Éshu) n'ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke obí eze. Esi Benin wee weta Èsù. A makwaara ya n'ọtụtụ aha ndị ọzọ, nke a ma ama bụ ''ekwensu''. Oba na ndị isi ya kpere ekpere n'ụlọ ofufe agwụ a iji gbochie ihe ize ndụ na Lagos (ma mesịa na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] n'ozuzu) n'oge gara aga. Ha na-ekpegakwa ekpere n'ebe ahụ tupu ha ahapụ obí eze maka ọrụ nzuzo ma ọ bụ nke gọọmentị iji gbochie ihe ọjọọ. Ọzọkwa, tupu eze apụọ, O kwesịrị iga ụlọ ofufe a iji nata ụsa  otú njem ya ga-esi bụrụ. Ajụjụ ndị dị ka otu njem ahụ ga-adị mma ma ọ dị mma  Oba ịmalite njem dị otú ahụ be ihe ana aga-ajụkarị.

=== Ògún ===
Ogun bụ chi nke ígwè. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị n'ime obí eze n'onwe ya, e nwere obere ụlọ e wuru maka ịbanye ozugbo n'ogige ahụ. Nnukwu ụlọ nsọ ahụ dị na mpụga mgbidi dị ugbu a nke obí eze, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka nọ n'okpuru ikike ya. O nwere onye ụkọchukwu nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ ya kwa ụbọchị.

== Okpukpe ==
A na-eme emume na ekpere pụrụ iche kwa ụbọchị iri na isii n'obí eze, ọ na-abụkarị  Araba nke Lagos n'ime ya, Chief Ajanaku, ọ bụ ezie na Oba na-eji ndị ụkọchukwu ọdịnala ndị ọzọ na ndị ụkọchị nwanyị eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ dabere na ihe kacha mkpa na oge, na ike ime mmụọ nke ndị dị otú ahụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ime emume ndị a bụ aki ilu, oji, Ọsọ Ojii, mmanụ nkwụ, mmanya ọkụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla dị mfe, ọkụkọ, nduru, ewu ma ọ bụ ebule na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ Ifa oracle nwere ike inye iwu, na-owuwe ndụ mmadụ.

== END SARS ==
Mgbe ngagharị iwe END SARS nke afọ 2020 gasịrị, e zuuru Iga Idungaran na Oba nke Lagos, Rilwan Akiolu boro ndị ohi ebubo na ha na-zuoro nde dola abụọ na puku naira iri na asaa  na obí ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wahab|first=Bayo|date=2021-03-03|title=Oba Akiolu accuses youths of stealing $2m, N17m from his palace during #EndSARS protests|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/oba-akiolu-accuses-youths-of-stealing-dollar2m-n17m-from-his-palace-during-endsars/4p95vtc|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-03-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309054351/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/oba-akiolu-accuses-youths-of-stealing-dollar2m-n17m-from-his-palace-during-endsars/4p95vtc}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-10-21|title=#EndSARS: Soldiers evacuate Oba of Lagos as angry youth vandalise palace - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/422107-endsars-soldiers-evacuates-oba-of-lagos-as-angry-youth-vandalise-palace.html,%20https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/422107-endsars-soldiers-evacuates-oba-of-lagos-as-angry-youth-vandalise-palace.html|accessdate=2022-06-19|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-02|title=Oba Akiolu Returns to Palace Two Months After ENDSARS Riots|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/02/oba-akiolu-returns-to-palace-two-months-after-endsars-riots/|accessdate=2022-06-19|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-04|title=#EndSARS: Protesters stole $2m, N17m from my palace — Oba Akiolu|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/endsars-protesters-stole-2m-n17m-from-my-palace-oba-akiolu/|accessdate=2022-06-19|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-04|title=#EndSARS: Youths stole $2m, N17m from my palace - Oba Akiolu|url=https://dailytrust.com/endsars-youths-stole-2m-n17m-from-my-palace-oba-akiolu|accessdate=2022-06-19|work=Daily Trust|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Presidential Lodge, obí eze nke mbụ na Lagos

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* [http://www.nigerians-abroad.com/news/states/southwest/comment-renovation-of-iga-iduganran-matters-arising/ Ndị Naijiria Na-anọ ná Mba Ọzọ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080526225431/http://lagosmegacityproject.com/history_of_lagos Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Lagos]

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Jesse Jagz</title>
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'''Jesse Garba Abaga''' (amụrụ ya n'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1984), onye a maara dịka '''Jesse Jagz''', bụ onye na-eti egwu na Naijiria, onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ na onye na-ede egwu. Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Chocolate City na 2010 wee wepụta abọm studio mbụ ya ''Jag'' of All Tradez n'otu afọ ahụ. O ji aka ya pụọ na nkwekọrịta Chocolate City n'afọ 2013 wee kwupụta mmalite nke akara onwe ya, Jagz Nation. Jagz wepụtara abọm studio nke abụọ ya ''Jagz Nation'', Vol.1. Thy Nation Come n'afọ 2013; ọ gụnyere egwu dịka &quot;Redemption&quot;, &quot;Bad Girl&quot;, &quot;Sex &amp; Scotch&quot; na &quot;God on the Mic&quot;. E wepụtara abọm studio nke atọ ya, ''Jagz Nation'' Vol. 2: Royal Niger Company, n'afọ 2014. Ọ laghachiri na Chocolate City n'afọ 2015 mana ọ hapụrụ akara ahụ ọzọ tupu ọ wepụta abọm studio nke anọ ya ''Odysseus'' n'afọ 2017. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2020, o wepụtara egwu ise nke akpọrọ ''Garba'' .

== Ọrụ egwu ya ==

=== Site afọ 1984 ruo afọ 2009: Mmalite ndụ ya na mmalite ọrụ ya ===
A mụrụ Jesse Garba Abaga na 10 Ọgọstụ 1984 na Chris na Lydia Abaga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bio! Jesse Jagz|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/bio-jesse-jagz/c0ysqll|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=20 April 2020|date=12 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208143518/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/bio-jesse-jagz/c0ysqll|archivedate=8 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọ tolitere na [[Jos]] ma bụrụ onye otu agbụrụ [[Ndị obodo jukun (West Africa)|Jukun]] nke Taraba State.&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC CLIO&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Melissa Ursula|editor=Fonseca|title=Hip Hop around the World: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]|date=December 2018|publisher=ABC CLIO|isbn=978-0313357596|pages=377–78|edition=Illustrated|accessdate=19 April 2020|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6mR2DwAAQBAJ}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya bụ onye ụkọchukwu na nne ya bụ onye na-ese ozi ọma na onye ndụmọdụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bisi|title=Jesse Jagz Has Not Been To Church in Eight Years!|url=https://www.herald.ng/jesse-jagz-has-not-been-to-church-in-eight-years/|work=The Herald|accessdate=19 April 2020|date=3 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209171747/http://www.herald.ng/jesse-jagz-has-not-been-to-church-in-eight-years/|archivedate=9 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ sonyeere ndị ukwe chọọchị ya mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa ma mesịa mụta ịkpọ ụbọ akwara na ngwá ụbọ nke nne na nna ya. O dekọrọ otu abọm a na-ebipụtabeghị na otu egwu Gospel Insanity n'afọ 2003. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, Abaga guzobere otu Eleven Thirty; ha nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ógbè ahụ tupu ha agbasa n'afọ 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC CLIO&quot; /&gt; Abaga wepụtara egwu mbụ n'okpuru aha egwu Jesse Jagz n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị na egwu mbụ ya &quot;Africa&quot; n'afọ 2006, na-ebute chaatị nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ redio dị n'ebe ugwu Naịjirịa. N'afọ 2007, atọ n'ime egwu ya nwere ihe ịga nke ọma yiri nke ahụ, na-arị elu n'ime Top 10 na ọtụtụ chaatị redio na mpaghara ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC CLIO&quot; /&gt; Jesse Jagz emepụtala egwu maka ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe, ndị gụnyere Majek Fashek, M.I Abaga, [[Banky W.|Banky W]], Ice [[Ice Prince|Prince]], Mode 9, na Proverb na Dekunle Fuji.&lt;ref name=&quot;YNaija 456&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=SK Johnson|title=The Future Awards Africa Winners Spotlight: Jesse Jagz (Producer of the year, 2010)|url=https://ynaija.com/the-future-awards-africa-winners-spotlight-jesse-jagz-producer-of-the-year-2010/|work=YNaija|accessdate=23 April 2020|date=12 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023181903/http://ynaija.com/the-future-awards-africa-winners-spotlight-jesse-jagz-producer-of-the-year-2010/|archivedate=23 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rapper's exit from Choc City was a business move|url=https://www.pulse.ng/jesse-jagz-rappers-exit-from-choc-city-was-a-business-move/2150g1x|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=21 April 2020|date=16 July 2017|archivedate=15 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915022543/https://www.pulse.ng/jesse-jagz-rappers-exit-from-choc-city-was-a-business-move/2150g1x}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2009, ọ nọchitere anya Naịjirịa na Sauti Za mmemme egwu nke Busara .&lt;ref name=&quot;YNaija 456&quot; /&gt;

=== Site afọ 2010 ruo 2013: ''Jag'' of All Tradez, Chocolate City exit na ''Jagz Nation'', Vol.1. ''Mba Gị Na-abịa'' ===
Jesse ''Jag''z wepụtara abọm studio mbụ ya Jag of All Tradez na 21 Eprel 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 789&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Motolani Alake|title=The enigma of Jesse Jagz's 18-track debut album, 'Jag of All Tradez' [10th Year Anniversary Review]|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/jesse-jagz-jag-of-all-tradez-10th-year-anniversary-review-wizkid-mi-abaga-brymo-ice/02rgwd0|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=23 April 2020|date=21 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Victor Okpala|title=Jesse Jagz: The Greatest Rapper or a Struggling Dancehall Artiste?|url=http://thenet.ng/jesse-jagz-the-greatest-rapper-or-a-struggling-dancehall-artiste/|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=21 April 2020|date=19 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830164948/http://thenet.ng/jesse-jagz-the-greatest-rapper-or-a-struggling-dancehall-artiste/|archivedate=30 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụnyere egwu &quot;Wetin Dey&quot;, &quot;Pump It Up&quot;, &quot;Jesse Swag&quot;, &quot;Sugar Cane Baby&quot; na &quot;Bend Down Low&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Keeps Magazine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Toks|title=Jag of All Tradez Album Review|url=https://www.keepsmag.net/single-post/2016/12/29/Jag-of-All-Tradez-Album-Review|work=Keeps Magazine|accessdate=20 April 2020|date=29 December 2016|archivedate=15 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915000556/https://www.keepsmag.net/single-post/2016/12/29/Jag-of-All-Tradez-Album-Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ Jesse Jagz mepụtara abọm ahụ kpamkpam ma gaa ofụma nke ukwuu na Naịjirịa ọnwa abụọ mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Will Whitney|title=Video: Brother's M.I. and Jesse Jagz Taking Over Hip Hop in Nigeria|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/video-brothers-m-i-and-jesse-jagz-taking-over-hip-hop-in-nigeria/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=20 April 2020|date=14 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọwara ya dị ka ọrụ pop na-azụ ahịa, abọm ahụ bụ nnwale na ọdịdị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 789&quot; /&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Adeoye Arubayi gbara ya, Jagz kwuru na abọm ahụ bụ usoro mmụta na ụzọ ọ ga-esi nyochaa ahịa egwu dị iche iche na Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why I can't fight Chocolate City—Jesse Jagz|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/why-i-cant-fight-chocolate-city-jesse-jagz/|work=The Nation|accessdate=20 April 2020|date=15 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jag nke All Tradez'' nwetara nyocha dị iche iche site n'aka ndị nkatọ egwu. ''Magazin Keeps'' jara mmepụta nke abọm ahụ mma na nnyefe Jesse Jagz, mana ọ kwụsịrị nyocha ahụ na-ekwu na e kwesịrị ime ka ndekọ ahụ dị mkpirikpi ruo abụ iri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Keeps Magazine&quot; /&gt; Oye Akd nke 360nobs nyere abọm ahụ mkpebi ikpe zuru oke nke kpakpando 7.5 n'ime 10, na-aja ya mma maka ịbụ ọrụ dịgasị iche iche nke nwere &quot;mgwakọta nke beat na rhymes nke na-egosi ebe hip-hop Naijiria kwesịrị ịdị taa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jesse Jagz – Jag of All Tradez …Naija Listening E.A.R. (Essential Album Rating)|url=https://www.360nobs.com/2010/08/jesse-jagz-jag-of-all-tradez-%E2%80%A6naija-listening-e-a-r-essential-album-rating/|work=360nobs|accessdate=20 April 2020|date=5 August 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306145439/http://www.360nobs.com/2010/08/jesse-jagz-jag-of-all-tradez-%e2%80%a6naija-listening-e-a-r-essential-album-rating/|archivedate=6 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adeyinka Yusuff nke ''[[BellaNaija]]'' nyere abọm ahụ ọkwa rụrụ ise n'ime iri, na-eto mmepụta ya n'ozuzu ya ma na-akatọ ọdịdị nnwale ya n'otu oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adeyinka Yusuff|title=BNM Critique: Jesse Jagz's &quot;Jag of All Tradez&quot;|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2010/07/bnm-critique-jesse-jagzs-jag-of-all-tradez/|work=BellaNaija|accessdate=20 April 2020|date=12 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2013, Jesse Jagz kwupụtara ọpụpụ ya n'afọ ofufo na Chocolate City na mmalite nke ụlọ ọrụ ya Jagz Nation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Charles Mgbolu|title=Jesse Jagz leaves Choc City|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/03/jesse-jagz-leaves-choc-city/|work=Vanguard|accessdate=20 April 2020|date=21 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629085408/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/03/jesse-jagz-leaves-choc-city/|archivedate=29 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Moment of Truth! Why Jesse Jagz Left Chocolate City|url=https://www.pulse.ng/gist/moment-of-truth-why-jesse-jagz-left-chocolate-city/7y99enj|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=17 April 2020|date=16 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị ka Nigerian Entertainment Today na Pulse Nigeria kọrọ na Chocolate City boro Jesse Jagz ebubo na ọ na-akwụ ha ego ma bụrụ onye wii wii riri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;NotJustOk 1234&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ovie O|title=Chocolate City PR Statement on the Jesse Jagz Issue|url=https://notjustok.com/article/chocolate-city-pr-statement-on-the-jesse-jagz-issue/|work=NotJustOk|accessdate=20 April 2020|date=28 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, akara ahụ gbaghaara akụkọ ahụ site na ụlọ ọrụ PR ha, World PR Media.&lt;ref name=&quot;NotJustOk 1234&quot; /&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Kolapo Olapoju, Jesse ''Jag''z kwuru na ọ hapụrụ Chocolate City n'ihi na ike gwụrụ ya na-abụ abụ sitere na album ya Jag of All Tradez ruo afọ atọ n'usoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kolapo Olapoju|title=Face-to-Face: Jesse Jagz, the emperor of Nigerian hip hop|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/jesse-jagz-nigeria-hip-hop-emperor/|work=The Cable Lifestyle|accessdate=19 April 2020|date=17 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902135518/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/jesse-jagz-nigeria-hip-hop-emperor/|archivedate=2 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, ọ gwara akwụkwọ akụkọ Vanguard na njikwa akara ahụ egosila obere mmasị n'ịkwalite ọtụ egwu ọ dekọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Anozie Egole|title=I don't see myself as a good rapper – Jesse Jagz|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/10/i-dont-see-myself-as-a-good-rapper-jesse-jagz/|work=Vanguard|accessdate=19 April 2020|date=8 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127181631/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/10/i-dont-see-myself-as-a-good-rapper-jesse-jagz/|archivedate=27 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abọm studio nke abụọ nke Jesse Jagz bụ ''Jagz Nation'', Vol.1. A tọhapụrụ Thy Nation Come na 10 Julaị 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jagz Nation - Thy Nation Come, Vol. 1 by Jesse Jagz|url=https://music.apple.com/zw/album/jagz-nation-thy-nation-come-vol-1/670593259|work=Apple Music|accessdate=23 April 2020|date=10 July 2013|archivedate=16 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916135213/https://music.apple.com/zw/album/jagz-nation-thy-nation-come-vol-1/670593259}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-egosipụta mmekorita ya na ndị ọbịa na-agu egwu dịka [[9ice]], [[Wizkid]], Brymo, James Maverik na Lindsey Abudei. Jesse Jagz dekọrọ ihe karịrị abụ narị abụọ maka abọm ahụ ma soro ndị na-emepụta Kid Konnect, Shady Bizniz, Samklef na GuiltyBeatz rụọ ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;MADC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exclusive: Jesse Jagz Interview: &quot;It's Going to Be Tough For Any Artiste To Put Out An Album, After Mine Drops|url=http://miabaga.com/featured-to-front-page/excusive-jesse-jagz-interview-its-going-to-be-tough-for-any-artiste-to-put-out-an-album-after-mine-drops/|publisher=MADC|accessdate=7 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109013048/http://miabaga.com/featured-to-front-page/excusive-jesse-jagz-interview-its-going-to-be-tough-for-any-artiste-to-put-out-an-album-after-mine-drops/|archivedate=9 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; O gosighị M.I Abaga ma ọ bụ Ice Prince na abọm ahụ n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịbụ naanị onye na-eti egwu na ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Punch Nigeria&quot; /&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ e bipụtara na MADC.com, ọ kọwapụtara banyere abọm ahụ, na-ekwu &quot;Ọ ga-abụ naanị egwu. Site na abọm ahụ, m gbalịrị ịkwaga ókèala. Ide, mmepụta, nhazi, injinia. Emere m ime ezigbo egwu. Chefuo ịbụ onye Naijiria, chefuo ịnọ na Lagos ma mee ezigbo egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;MADC&quot; /&gt; Jesse Jagz kwuru na ọ na-atụ anya ịnata nyocha dị iche iche mgbe ọ kwụsịrị abọm ahụ na nke ahụ na-enye onyinye na ndekọ na mmepụta gbakwunyere na omimi nke abọm.&lt;ref name=&quot;MADC&quot; /&gt; Jesse Jagz kwalitere abọm ahụ site n'inwe egwu egwu Jesse Jagz Experience na New Afrika Shrine na 24 Ọgọst 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jesse Jagz holds free concert, 24 August to mark new album, &quot;Jagznation Vol1.: thy Nation Come&quot;|url=http://www.ameyawdebrah.com/jesse-jagz-holds-free-concert-august-24-to-mark-new-album-jagznation-vol1-thy-nation-come/|publisher=[[Ameyaw Debrah]]|accessdate=7 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104112908/http://www.ameyawdebrah.com/jesse-jagz-holds-free-concert-august-24-to-mark-new-album-jagznation-vol1-thy-nation-come/|archivedate=4 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Updates|url=http://jessejagz.com/updates/|publisher=Jesse Jagz|accessdate=7 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115035604/http://jessejagz.com/updates/|archivedate=15 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gwara akwụkwọ akụkọ The Punch na o kpebiri emepụta egwu ahụ na Shrine maka ihe ndị mere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na ịnabata ụfọdụ ndị na-akwado ya na-enweghị ego.&lt;ref name=&quot;Punch Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=I'm not at war with MI – Jesse Jagz|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/im-not-at-war-with-mi-jesse-jagz/|publisher=Punch Nigeria|accessdate=7 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108223957/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/im-not-at-war-with-mi-jesse-jagz/|archivedate=8 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jagz Nation, Mpịakọta nke 1. Mba Gị Na-abịa'' a họpụtara ya maka Best Rap Album na ihe nrite nke The Headies nke afọ 2014 na maka Best Album of the Year na 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards .&lt;ref name=&quot;TooXclusive 6789&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tyler|title=The Headies 2014 – Nominees List|url=https://tooxclusive.com/headies-2014-nominees-list/|work=TooXclusive|accessdate=23 April 2020|date=30 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117201719/https://tooxclusive.com/headies-2014-nominees-list/|archivedate=17 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Premium Times 12345&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Micheal Abimboye|title=Pop duo, Skuki, reject Nigerian Entertainment Awards nomination|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/161770-pop-duo-skuki-reject-nigerian-entertainment-awards-nomination.html|work=Premium Times|accessdate=23 April 2020|date=31 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427234936/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/161770-pop-duo-skuki-reject-nigerian-entertainment-awards-nomination.html|archivedate=27 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tọhapụrụ otu egwu &quot;Redemption&quot; nke abọm ahụ na 29 Mee 2013. OkayAfrica kwuru na ọ &quot;na-ejikọta ya na ụda na-eri ahụ na ụda na ụda na nke na-agbagọ agbagọ, nke Jesse Jagz ji nkà na-agba ma na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị oké ọnụ ahịa hip-hop-meets-dancehall&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jesse Jagz 'Redemption'|url=http://www.okayafrica.com/2013/05/30/african-hip-hop-jesse-jagz-redemption/|publisher=OkayAfrica|accessdate=7 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220004817/http://www.okayafrica.com/2013/05/30/african-hip-hop-jesse-jagz-redemption/|archivedate=20 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; A tọhapụrụ ọdịyo na ihe ngosi maka &quot;Nnapụta&quot; n'otu oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Video: Jesse Jagz – Redemption|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/05/30/new-video-jesse-jagz-redemption/|publisher=Bellanaija|accessdate=7 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220041057/http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/05/30/new-video-jesse-jagz-redemption/|archivedate=20 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; A tọhapụrụ egwu Wizkid-enyere aka &quot;Bad Girl&quot; na 10 Julaị 2013, dị ka egwu nke abụọ nke abọm ahụ. E bulite vidio egwu ya na YouTube na 7 Disemba 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=VIDEO: Jesse Jagz – Bad Girl ft. Wizkid|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/12/video-jesse-jagz-bad-girl-ft-wizkid/|publisher=360nobs|accessdate=11 December 2013|date=9 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211063546/http://www.360nobs.com/2013/12/video-jesse-jagz-bad-girl-ft-wizkid/|archivedate=11 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'inye aka na egwu egwu nke Heaven's Hell, Jesse Jagz wepụtara egwu Femi Kuti nyere aka &quot;3rd World War&quot; na 7 August 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=VIDEO: Jesse Jagz ft Femi Kuti – 3rd World War|url=http://notjustok.com/2013/08/08/video-jesse-jagz-ft-femi-kuti-3rd-world-war/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115031409/http://notjustok.com/2013/08/08/video-jesse-jagz-ft-femi-kuti-3rd-world-war/|archivedate=15 November 2013|accessdate=7 November 2013|publisher=Notjustok}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Audio + Video: Jesse Jagz ft. Femi Kuti – 3rd World War|url=http://www.36ng.com.ng/2013/08/08/audio-video-jesse-jagz-ft-femi-kuti-3rd-world-war/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214195756/http://www.36ng.com.ng/2013/08/08/audio-video-jesse-jagz-ft-femi-kuti-3rd-world-war/|archivedate=14 February 2017|accessdate=4 April 2019|publisher=36NG}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 19 Jenụwarị 2014, Jagz Nation wepụtara vidiyo egwu maka egwu nke atọ site na ''Jagz Nation'', Vol.1. Thy Nation Come, &quot;Sex &amp; Scotch&quot;, nke Mex Film Production duziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 January 2014|title=VIDEO: Jesse Jagz – Sex &amp; Scotch|url=http://notjustok.com/2014/01/19/video-jesse-jagz-sex-scotch/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012051855/http://notjustok.com/2014/01/19/video-jesse-jagz-sex-scotch/|archivedate=12 October 2014|accessdate=8 October 2014|publisher=NotjustOk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 23 Jenụwarị 2014, Jesse Jagz wepụtara vidiyo animated nke J.O. King duziri maka egwu nke anọ nke abọm ahụ &quot;God on the Mic&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Jagz Nation video.|url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/jesse-jagz-god-on-the-mic/|publisher=MTV Base|accessdate=8 October 2014|date=24 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012195656/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/jesse-jagz-god-on-the-mic/|archivedate=12 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2014: Jagz Nation Mpịakọta 2: Royal Niger Company ===
Jesse Jagz wepụtara abọm studio nke atọ ya, ''Jagz Nation'' Vol. 2: Royal Niger Company, na 28 Machị 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Royal Niger Company by Jesse Jagz|url=https://music.apple.com/zw/album/the-royal-niger-company/1458232407|work=Apple Music|accessdate=21 April 2020|date=28 March 2014|archivedate=15 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915162657/https://music.apple.com/zw/album/the-royal-niger-company/1458232407}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ goro ndị egwu ibe ya Shady, Dugod, Hyce-age, Ibro na Phazehop iji nyere aka na mmepụta. Abọm ahụ nwere ihe nlele sitere na Rufus &amp; Chaka Khan's &quot;Ain't Nobody&quot; na ihe ndị sitere na ihe nkiri dịka &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwoA&quot;&gt;Network&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (1976), Scarface (1983), na Johnny Mad Dog (2008). Abọm ahụ gosipụtara ndị ọbịa na ndekọ nke [[Fela Kuti]], Tupac, Rufus &amp; Chaka Khan, Tesh Carter, Jumar, Dugod, Sarah Mitaru, Rexx na Show Dem Camp.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fuse.com.ng/2014/03/21/miseducation-jesse-jagz-jagz-nation-vol-2-royal-niger-company/|title=The Miseducation of Jesse Jagz - &quot;Jagz Nation Vol 2: The Royal Niger Company&quot;|publisher=Fuse.com.ng|accessdate=2014-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416192247/http://www.fuse.com.ng/2014/03/21/miseducation-jesse-jagz-jagz-nation-vol-2-royal-niger-company/|archivedate=2014-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infonubia1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Segun Pryme|url=http://www.infonubia.com/2014/03/album-download-jesse-jagz-jagz-nation-vol-2-royal-niger-comapany.html|title=Album Download: Jesse Jagz – Jagz Nation Vol. 2: Royal Niger Company|publisher=Infonubia.com|accessdate=2014-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401021759/http://www.infonubia.com/2014/03/album-download-jesse-jagz-jagz-nation-vol-2-royal-niger-comapany.html|archivedate=2014-04-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jagz Nation'' Vol. 2: Royal Niger Company bu n'obi na ọ bụ mixtape ma bu ụzọ kpọọ ya The Transfiguration of Jesse Jagz .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/jesse-jagz-drop-new-album-transfiguration-jesse-jagz|title=Jesse Jagz To Drop New Album, 'The Transfiguration of Jesse Jagz'|publisher=[[Daily Times of Nigeria]]|date=25 March 2014|accessdate=18 April 2014|author=Opeoluwani, Akintayo|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328100035/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/jesse-jagz-drop-new-album-transfiguration-jesse-jagz|archivedate=28 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 28 Machị 2014, Jesse Jagz mere ka abọm ahụ dị maka ntanetị dijitalụ na SoundCloud.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonubia1&quot; /&gt; N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2014, o mere mbipụta nke abụọ nke egwu egwu Jesse Jagz Experience na AGIP Recital Hall; ọ kpọrọ ya &quot;The Greatest Concert&quot; ma soro ndị otu dị iri abụo na isii na-agu egwu hip-hop rụọ ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wemimo|first=Esho|title=Gear Up For The Jesse Jagz Experience 2014.|url=http://pulse.ng/events/the-greatest-concert-gear-up-for-the-jesse-jagz-experience-2014-id2903905.html|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=10 August 2014|date=17 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711024013/http://pulse.ng/events/the-greatest-concert-gear-up-for-the-jesse-jagz-experience-2014-id2903905.html|archivedate=11 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jesse Jagz malitere ịmepụta abọm ahụ site na idekọ ngwakọta echiche maka ọnwa abụọ. Mgbe ọnwa abụọ gachara, ndị otu ya nyochara egwu ahụ wee họrọ ndepụta egwu ikpeazụ nke abọm ahụ. Ọ họọrọ aha abọm ahụ iji mee ka ndị Naijiria mara banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme ha, na-ekwu na o mere abọm maka ndị isi ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;youtube1&quot; /&gt; Ọ kọwara abọm ahụ dị ka nzọụkwụ abụọ n'elu ''Jagz Nation'', Vol.1. ''Mba gị'' bịara ma kwuo na ọ chọrọ ịhapụ ụda reggae maka ihe ndị metụtara mmetụta. O nwere olile anya na ndị mmadụ ga-agwọ ọrịa site na abọm ahụ ma chọọ ka ndị na-enye nsogbu chọta nkasi obi na ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;youtube1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJQckZdYfH0#t=111|title=Jagz Nation Vol.2: The Royal Niger Company|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=2014-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503074501/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJQckZdYfH0#t=111|archivedate=2014-05-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2014, a tọhapụrụ ihe osise nke abọm ahụ n'ihu ọha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jesse Jagz official album art for Jagz Nation Vol.2: Royal Niger Company|url=https://jaguda.com/music-mp3/jesse-jagz-official-album-art-jagz-nation-vol-2-royal-niger-company/|work=Jaguda|accessdate=21 April 2020|date=17 May 2014|archivedate=15 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915004936/https://jaguda.com/music-mp3/jesse-jagz-official-album-art-jagz-nation-vol-2-royal-niger-company/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịbụ nke ọrụ René Magritte kpaliri, ọ na-egosi nwoke guzo ọtọ na-ekpuchi ihu ya na apụl. Echiche dị n'azụ ọrụ Magritte na-agba gburugburu ikpughe otu ihe na izochi nke ọzọ. Ihe osise mkpuchi ahụ gosipụtara ihe nlereanya na-ejide ihe dị iche iche na-anọchi anya ọdịbendị Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;youtube1&quot; /&gt;

=== Site afọ 2015 ruo ugbu a: ''Mba Boi'', ''Odysseus'' na ''Garba'' nke a na-apụghị ibibi ebibi ===
Jesse Jagz bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ ọhụrụ na Chocolate City n'afọ 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Showemimo|first=Dayo|title=3 years after exit, Jesse Jagz returns to Chocolate City|url=http://thenet.ng/3-years-after-exit-jesse-jagz-returns-to-chocolate-city/|publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=29 March 2019|date=8 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329015829/http://thenet.ng/3-years-after-exit-jesse-jagz-returns-to-chocolate-city/|archivedate=29 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rapper returns to Chocolate City|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/jesse-jagz-rapper-returns-to-chocolate-city/2t5brrk|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=20 April 2020|date=30 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201055219/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/jesse-jagz-rapper-returns-to-chocolate-city/2t5brrk|archivedate=1 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mepụtara ọtụtụ egwu na album nchịkọta nke afọ 2015 nke akara ahụ bụ The Indestructible Choc Boi Nation (TICBN). Mbipụta nke abọm ahụ mere emume njikọta nke Loopy Music na Chocolate City yana nloghachi ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jonathan|title=Label releases new album 'The Indestructible Choc Boi Nation'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/chocolate-city-label-releases-new-album-the-indestructible-choc-boi-nation/r64fs1k|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=20 February 2019|date=30 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221112057/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/chocolate-city-label-releases-new-album-the-indestructible-choc-boi-nation/r64fs1k|archivedate=21 February 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJonathan2015&quot;&gt;Jonathan (30 April 2015). [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/chocolate-city-label-releases-new-album-the-indestructible-choc-boi-nation/r64fs1k &quot;Label releases new album 'The Indestructible Choc Boi Nation'&quot;]. Pulse Nigeria. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190221112057/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/chocolate-city-label-releases-new-album-the-indestructible-choc-boi-nation/r64fs1k Archived] from the original on 21 February 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 February&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A tọhapụrụ TICBN n'ihu ọha izu abụọ mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya na Star Music.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 1&quot; /&gt; Ọ gụnyere egwu &quot;Summer Time&quot; na &quot;Suite 99&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 1&quot; /&gt; N'ọnwa Disemba 2016, Jesse Jagz so Femi Kuti na [[Niniola]] rụọ ọrụ na kọntaktị egwu nke emere na Sheraton Hotel di na Abuja.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chuks Nwanne|title=When Femi Kuti, Jesse Jagz, others got Abuja rocking|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/when-femi-kuti-jesse-jagz-others-got-abuja-rocking/|work=Guardian Life|accessdate=19 April 2020|date=10 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217055819/http://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/when-femi-kuti-jesse-jagz-others-got-abuja-rocking/|archivedate=17 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, Jesse Jagz kwupụtara ọpụpụ ya na Chocolate City maka oge nke abụọ. Ọ gwara akwụkwọ akụkọ The Punch na ọ hapụrụ iji nwetakwuo ikike n'egwú ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=16 July 2017|title=Why I left Chocolate City – Jesse Jagz|url=https://punchng.com/why-i-left-chocolate-city-jesse-jagz/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329015833/https://punchng.com/why-i-left-chocolate-city-jesse-jagz/|archivedate=29 March 2019|accessdate=29 March 2019|publisher=The Punch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2017, Jesse Jagz kpughere ihe osise mkpuchi maka album studio ọhụrụ ya ''Odysseus'' na profaịlụ Instagram ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 June 2017|title=Jesse Jagz finally set to release Much Awaited Album &quot;Odysseus&quot; - Unveils Album Art|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/06/jesse-jagz-odysseus-album-art/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408003853/https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/06/jesse-jagz-odysseus-album-art/|archivedate=8 April 2019|accessdate=8 April 2019|publisher=Bella Naija}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihu ya gosipụtara foto nke nne ya dị ka nwatakịrị, na-anọdụ ala na ụmụ atọ nke Jan Boer.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Africa Report&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eromo Egbejule|date=16 February 2018|title=Nigeria's musical legends of J-Town|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/712/nigerias-musical-legends-of-j-town/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408003853/https://www.theafricareport.com/712/nigerias-musical-legends-of-j-town/|archivedate=8 April 2019|accessdate=8 April 2019|publisher=The Africa Report}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Native&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Debola Abimbolu|title=Essentials: The Epic Odyssey to Jesse Jagz's 'Odysseus' album|url=https://thenativemag.com/music/essentials-epic-odyssey-jesse-jagzz-oddyseus-album/|publisher=Native Magazine|accessdate=7 April 2019|date=11 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407220931/https://thenativemag.com/music/essentials-epic-odyssey-jesse-jagzz-oddyseus-album/|archivedate=7 April 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDebola_Abimbolu2017&quot;&gt;Debola Abimbolu (11 September 2017). [https://thenativemag.com/music/essentials-epic-odyssey-jesse-jagzz-oddyseus-album/ &quot;Essentials: The Epic Odyssey to Jesse Jagz's 'Odysseus' album&quot;]. Native Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190407220931/https://thenativemag.com/music/essentials-epic-odyssey-jesse-jagzz-oddyseus-album/ Archived] from the original on 7 April 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 April&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E sere foto ahụ n'ala nke ụlọ Jos mara mma nke Boer.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Africa Report&quot; /&gt; Jesse Jagz malitere imepụta ''Odysseus'' n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2014, a hazikwara ka ewepụta abọm ahụ n'afọ 2015 mana e yigharịrị ya ọtụtụ ugboro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Filter Free Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ehis Combs|title=&quot;Odysseus&quot; isn't the glorious homecoming Jesse Jagz had promised|url=https://filterfree.ng/reviews/album-review-odysseus-jesse-jagz/|publisher=Filter Free Nigeria|accessdate=7 April 2019|date=7 November 2017|archivedate=12 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912053151/https://filterfree.ng/reviews/album-review-odysseus-jesse-jagz/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEhis_Combs2017&quot;&gt;Ehis Combs (7 November 2017). . Filter Free Nigeria&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 April&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ eze Gris bụ Odysseus kpaliri aha ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Filter Free Nigeria&quot; /&gt; Jesse Jagz rụrụ egwu site na abọm ahụ iji họrọ ndị na-ege ntị na mmemme Industry Nite nke emere na June 2017 na Spice Route na Victoria Island, Lagos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 October 2018|title=Jesse Jagz 'Odysseus' Album Performance to Selected Listeners at Industry Nite – Pulse TV|url=https://rootsafrikiko.com/blog/jesse-jagz-odysseus-album-performance-to-selected-listeners-at-industry-nite-pulse-tv/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408003853/https://rootsafrikiko.com/blog/jesse-jagz-odysseus-album-performance-to-selected-listeners-at-industry-nite-pulse-tv/|archivedate=8 April 2019|accessdate=8 April 2019|publisher=Roots Afrikiko}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tọhapụrụ ''Odysseus'' na 8 Septemba 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Odysseus by Jesse Jagz|url=https://music.apple.com/ie/album/odysseus/1273239281|work=Apple Music|accessdate=21 April 2020|date=8 September 2017|archivedate=17 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917132948/https://music.apple.com/ie/album/odysseus/1273239281}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-egosipụta mmekọrịta ya na Hotyce, Styl-Plus, [[Cynthia Morgan]], Melon na Burna Boy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Filter Free Nigeria&quot;/&gt; Tupu ọ wepụta abọm ahụ, Jesse Jagz wepụtara ọtụtụ egwu n'afọ 2017, gụnyere &quot;Midnight Vibes&quot; na &quot;New World&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rapper releases fourth studio album &quot;Odysseus&quot;|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/jesse-jagz-rapper-releases-fourth-studio-album-odysseus/88mzfel|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=8 April 2019|date=6 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408014846/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/jesse-jagz-rapper-releases-fourth-studio-album-odysseus/88mzfel|archivedate=8 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara &quot;Best in You&quot; dị ka otu a tọhapụrụ tupu ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Native&quot; /&gt; ''Odysseus'' na-enweta mmetụta site na ụda Caribbean, na-akwado njirimara dancehall nke Jesse Jagz nabatara na abọm studio ya nke abụọ ''Jagz Nation'', Vol.1. ''Mba Gị Na-abịa'' (2013).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Victor Okpala|title=Jesse Jagz Releases the Odysseus Album|url=http://thenet.ng/jesse-jagz-releases-odysseus-album/|publisher=Nigeria Entertainment Today|accessdate=8 April 2019|date=11 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408010858/http://thenet.ng/jesse-jagz-releases-odysseus-album/|archivedate=8 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na e wuru ya na ntọala hip-hop, ụfọdụ n'ime egwu ndị dị na ''Odysseus'' na-etinye ụdị egwu Caribbean na rap.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Native&quot;/&gt;

Na 29 Mee 2020, Jesse Jagz wepụtara ''Garba'', egwu ruru ise gbatịrị agbatị nke aha ya bụ aha nna ya. O mepụtara ya site n'enyemaka nke Geekbeatz na Misty. EP bụ ngwakọta nke Afropop, egwu ọnyà, hip-hop na egwu ọdịnala; ọ na-egosipụta mmekọrịta ya na Anchorman na Maazị Murph.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Alake|first=Motolani|title=Jesse Jagz releases 5-track EP, 'Garba'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/jesse-jagz-releases-5-track-ep-garba/glt51e8|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=30 May 2020|date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Motolani Alake nke Pulse Nigeria nyere ''Garba'' ọkwa nke iisi isi asatọ n'ime iri, na-eto mmepụta ya ma na-ekwu na ọ &quot;na-ere akụkọ Jagz n'ụzọ mara mma na eziokwu na akụkọ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; N'aka nke ọzọ, Alake katọrọ Jesse Jagz maka ikwe ka EP bụrụ maka &quot;ịdị mma na ịkọ akụkọ&quot; kama &quot;ahụmahụ na-enweghị ahụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Alake|first=Motolani|title=On 'Garba,' Jesse Jagz offers us a part of himself on his own terms [EP Review]|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/jesse-jagz-garba-ep-review-anchorman-and-murph-feature/fd28vtf|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=30 May 2020|date=29 May 2020|archivedate=7 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607105747/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/jesse-jagz-garba-ep-review-anchorman-and-murph-feature/fd28vtf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agumegwu ya ==
OmumJesse Jagz na-eme hip-hop na reggae, mana ọ na-etinye ihe ndị ọzọ n'ime egwu ya. Egwú ya na-eji ụdị ngwá egwu dị iche iche, ụda onwe onye na ụda olu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC CLIO&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ onwe ==
Jesse Jagz bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye na-edekọ egwu na onye na-emepụta ihe M.I Abaga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tofarati Ige|title=I don't listen to other people's music –Jesse Jagz|url=https://punchng.com/i-dont-listen-to-other-peoples-music-jesse-jagz/|work=The Punch|accessdate=23 April 2020|date=3 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810165128/https://punchng.com/i-dont-listen-to-other-peoples-music-jesse-jagz/|archivedate=10 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na onye na-agụ egwu Ruby Gyang nwere nwa nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jesse Jagz seriously involved in bringing up our child –Ruby Gyang|url=https://punchng.com/jesse-jagz-seriously-involved-in-bringing-up-our-child-ruby-gyang/|work=The Punch|accessdate=18 April 2020|date=3 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821025448/https://punchng.com/jesse-jagz-seriously-involved-in-bringing-up-our-child-ruby-gyang/|archivedate=21 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Julaị 2020, ọ lụrụ enyi ya nwanyị Tolu. Agbamakwụkwọ ahụ bụ emume nzuzo e mere na Jos, Plateau steeti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-09-05|title=Check out photos from rapper Jesse Jagz's wedding ceremony|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/check-out-photos-from-rapper-jesse-jagz-wedding-ceremony/v6e165q|accessdate=2020-10-12|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2020-09-05|title=Jesse Jagz is Married 💍|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/09/jesse-jagz-is-married-%f0%9f%92%8d/|accessdate=2020-10-12|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nmume Ihe Ngosi kọwapụta ==

=== Abọm studio na EPs ===

* ''Jag nke All Tradez'' (2010)
* ''Jagz Nation, Mpịakọta nke 1. Mba Gị Na-abịa'' (2013)
* ''Jagz Nation Mpịakọta'' 2: Royal Niger Company (2014)
* ''Odysseus'' (2017)
* ''Garba'' (EP) (2020)

=== Abọm nchịkọta ya ===

* The Indestructible Choc Boi &lt;small&gt;Na&lt;/small&gt;tion (na Chocolate City) (2015)

=== Abụ ndị Jesse Jagz mepụtara ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye na-ese ihe
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Afọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Album
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Abụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ref
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Ice Prince|Prince Ice]]
|2010
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Onye ọ bụla hụrụ Ice Prince n'anya''
|
* 09. &quot;Oleku&quot; (&lt;small&gt;nke&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;Brymo&lt;/small&gt; gosipụtara)
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ice Prince – Everybody Loves Ice Prince [#ELI] Album Art + Official Track Listing|url=http://jaguda.com/music-mp3/ice-prince-everybody-loves-ice-prince-eli-album-art-official-track-listing/|publisher=Jaguda|accessdate=22 September 2019|date=3 October 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922142505/http://jaguda.com/music-mp3/ice-prince-everybody-loves-ice-prince-eli-album-art-official-track-listing/|archivedate=22 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|
* 02. &quot;Juju&quot;
* 03. &quot;Superstar&quot;
* 04. &quot;Magician&quot; (&lt;small&gt;nke&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;Yung L&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;na J-Milla&lt;/small&gt; gosipụtara)
* 05. &quot;Nwa&quot;
* 07. &quot;Lee Onwe Gị&quot;
* 08. &quot;Wassup Wassup&quot; (&lt;small&gt;nke&lt;/small&gt; gosipụtara &lt;small&gt;[[2Baba]]&lt;/small&gt;)
* 10. &quot;Chọta Gị&quot;
* 13. &quot;Small Small&quot; (&lt;small&gt;nke Sean Tero gosipụtara&lt;/small&gt;)
* 14. &quot;That Nigga&quot; (&lt;small&gt;nke Morell gosipụtara&lt;/small&gt;)
* 16. &quot;Rainrops (Ọ dị mma) &quot;
|-
|Brymo
|2012
|''Nwa Kapenta''
|
* 04. &quot;Ugbu a&quot; (&lt;small&gt;nke Jesse Jagz gosipụtara&lt;/small&gt;)
* 05. &quot;Gaa siri ike&quot;
* 10. &quot;Obi Ụtụtụ&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;TooXclusive 71&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Don Boye|title=Album Review: Brymo – The Son of a Kapenta|url=https://tooxclusive.com/album-review-brymo-the-son-of-a-kapenta/|publisher=TooXclusive|accessdate=20 October 2019|date=30 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020195638/https://tooxclusive.com/album-review-brymo-the-son-of-a-kapenta/|archivedate=20 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Jesse Jagz
|2013
|''Jagz Nation, Mpịakọta nke 1. Mba Gị Na-abịa''
|
* 02. &quot;Burning Bush (Na Ncheta Hadiza Aboki) &quot;
* 03. &quot;Bed of Roses&quot; (&lt;small&gt;nke James Maverik gosipụtara&lt;/small&gt;)
* 04. &quot;Ọchịchọ&quot;
* 05.
* 06. &quot;Mamacita&quot;
* 07. &quot;Mmekọahụ &amp; Scotch&quot;
* 08.
* 09. &quot;Ụwa Mba Nile&quot;
* 10. &quot;Ọ Na-aga N'ihu&quot;
* 11. &quot;Jargo&quot; (&lt;small&gt;nke&lt;/small&gt; gosipụtara &lt;small&gt;[[9ice]]&lt;/small&gt;)
* 12. &quot;Pedal gaa n'ala&quot;
* 14. &quot;Sativa&quot; (&lt;small&gt;nke&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;Lindsey Abudei&lt;/small&gt; gosipụtara)
* 15. &quot;After Party&quot; (&lt;small&gt;nke Brymo gosipụtara&lt;/small&gt;)
* 16. &quot;Nnapụta&quot;
* 17.
* 18.
|&lt;ref name=&quot;JesseJagz&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jagz Nation Vol 1 Track Listing &amp; Production Credits|url=http://jessejagz.com/jagz-nation-vol-1-track-listing-production-credits/|publisher=JesseJagz|accessdate=7 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715043521/http://jessejagz.com/jagz-nation-vol-1-track-listing-production-credits/|archivedate=15 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Jesse Jagz
|2014
|''Jagz Nation Mpịakọta nke 2: Royal Niger Company''
|
|
|-
|Ihe Ndị Dịgasị iche iche
|2015
|''Mba Boi nke a na-apụghị ibibi ebibi''
|
* 01.
* 11.
* 14.
* 15. &quot;Restoration&quot; (nke gosipụtara Jesse Jagz, M.I Abaga na Milli)
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria 1&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Jesse Jagz
|2017
|''Odysseus''
|
|.&lt;ref name=&quot;Filter Free Nigeria&quot;/&gt;
|}

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;font-size:110%&quot; |{{center|[[The Headies]]}}
|-
!Afọ
!Onye Nwetara ya
!Ihe nrite
!Nsonaazụ
!Ref
|-
|2010
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Onwe ya
|Nke Na-esote
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2010/06/02/music-glamour-lots-of-yellow-as-wande-coal-da-grin-dominate-the-2010-hiphop-world-awards/|title=Music, Glamour &amp; Lots of Yellow as Wande Coal &amp; Da Grin dominate the 2010 HipHop World Awards|publisher=Bellanaija|date=2 June 2010|accessdate=16 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517123528/http://www.bellanaija.com/2010/06/02/music-glamour-lots-of-yellow-as-wande-coal-da-grin-dominate-the-2010-hiphop-world-awards/|archivedate=17 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|Onye mmepụta nke Afọ maka &quot;Oleku&quot; na &quot;Jargo&quot;
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fabmagazineonline.com/the-headies-2011-nominees-announced/|title=The Headies 2011 Nominees Announced|publisher=Fab Magazine|date=2 August 2011|accessdate=28 February 2014|author=Bilen-Onabanjo, Sinem|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301021524/http://fabmagazineonline.com/the-headies-2011-nominees-announced/|archivedate=1 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|Onye na-emepụta Afọ maka ''Onye Ọ bụla hụrụ Ice Prince n'anya''
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/08/headies-2012-nominees-list-released-psquare-bez-leads-park/|title=Psquare, Bez lead Headies 2012 nominees list|publisher=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|date=28 August 2012|accessdate=10 February 2014|author=Mgbolu, Charles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224005230/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/08/headies-2012-nominees-list-released-psquare-bez-leads-park/|archivedate=24 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2014
|Onye na-ede abụ na Roll maka &quot;Chineke na Mic&quot;
|{{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=All The Winners At The 2014 Headies Awards|url=https://jaguda.com/music-news/all-the-winners-at-the-2014-headies-awards/|work=Jaguda|accessdate=23 April 2020|date=15 December 2014|archivedate=15 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915012351/https://jaguda.com/music-news/all-the-winners-at-the-2014-headies-awards/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;Bad Girl&quot; (&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;nke&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;[[Wizkid]]&lt;/span&gt; gosipụtara)
|Best Reggae/Dancehall Single
|{{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;TooXclusive 6789&quot;/&gt;
|-
|''Jagz Nation, Mpịakọta nke 1. Mba Gị Na-abịa''
|Album Rap Kasị Mma
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Best Reggae/Dancehall Single
|&quot;Body Hot&quot; (Okwu &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;na-egosi Jesse Jagz na&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;[[Stonebwoy]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|{{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oludolapo Adelana|title=Full list of nominees for the 2016 Headies Awards|url=https://ynaija.com/full-list-of-nominees-for-the-2016-headies-awards/|publisher=YNaija|accessdate=11 March 2019|date=9 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105131322/http://ynaija.com/full-list-of-nominees-for-the-2016-headies-awards/|archivedate=5 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;Jagga Ịhụnanya&quot;
|{{Nom}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;font-size:110%&quot; |{{center|[[Nigeria Entertainment Awards]]}}
|-
!Afọ
!Onye Nwetara ya
!Ihe nrite
!Nsonaazụ
!Ref
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2010
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Onwe ya
|Ihe Omume Ọhụrụ Kasị Mma nke Afọ
|{{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Will Whitney|title=Video: 5th Annual Nigeria Entertainment Awards (NEA) 2010 Recap|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/video-5th-annual-nigeria-entertainment-awards-nea-2010-recap/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=23 April 2020|date=27 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017011309/https://www.okayafrica.com/video-5th-annual-nigeria-entertainment-awards-nea-2010-recap/|archivedate=17 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Egwuregwu Rap Kasị Mma nke Afọ
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Omawunmi Leads 2010 NEA Awards Nominations|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2010/07/23/omawunmi-leads-2010-nea-awards-nominations/|work=P.M News|accessdate=23 April 2020|date=23 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030035447/https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2010/07/23/omawunmi-leads-2010-nea-awards-nominations/|archivedate=30 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|Onye na-emepụta egwu kacha mma n'afọ
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2012 Nigerian Entertainment Awards nominees announced at the Nomination Gala Event in Lagos|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2012/06/2012-nigerian-entertainment-awards-nominees-announced-at-the-nomination-gala-event-in-lagos/|work=360nobs|accessdate=23 April 2020|date=3 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029232719/http://www.360nobs.com/2012/06/2012-nigerian-entertainment-awards-nominees-announced-at-the-nomination-gala-event-in-lagos/|archivedate=29 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2013
|Egwuregwu Rap Kasị Mma nke Afọ
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Micheal Abimboye|title=Nigerian Entertainment Award announces 2013 nominees|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/137094-nigerian-entertainment-award-announces-2013-nominees.html|work=Premium Times|accessdate=23 April 2020|date=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330210236/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/137094-nigerian-entertainment-award-announces-2013-nominees.html|archivedate=30 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|''Jagz Nation, Mpịakọta nke 1. Mba Gị Na-abịa''
|Album kacha mma n'afọ
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Premium Times 12345&quot;/&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;font-size:110%&quot; |{{center|[[The Future Awards Africa]]}}
|-
|2010
|Onwe ya
|Onye na-emepụta egwu nke Afọ
|{{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TFAA 2010 Winners List|url=https://awards.thefutureafrica.com/past-winners/year-2010/|work=The Future Awards Africa|accessdate=21 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906030228/https://awards.thefutureafrica.com/past-winners/year-2010/|archivedate=6 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;font-size:110%&quot; |{{center|[[Channel O Music Video Awards]]}}
|-
|2014
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;(nke [[Wizkid]] gosipụtara)&lt;/span&gt;
|Ragga Dancehall Kasị Nwere Onyinye
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Marshall|first=Rhodé|title=Channel O Africa announces Music Video Awards nominees|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2014-09-05-channel-o-africa-announces-music-video-awards-nominees|publisher=Mail &amp; Guardian|accessdate=12 September 2014|date=5 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913011117/http://mg.co.za/article/2014-09-05-channel-o-africa-announces-music-video-awards-nominees|archivedate=13 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ihe edeturu ==
{{notelist-ua}}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}{{Jesse Jagz}}{{authority control}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>t3yo9z88cexp292quryxth7xcfuoueb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Krassimira Banova</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="9108" sha1="satoruhlm14uy71uz38o857si365sxs" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Krassimira Banova''' (Bulgarian: Красимира Николова Банова; amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 5 n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1960) bụ onye bụbu onye Bulgaria na agba bọọlụ basketball. Mgbe ọrụ ịgba bọọlụ ya gasịrị, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi. Ọ na eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye nnọchiteanya maka Bulgarian Federation bọọlụ [[basketball]]. Banova bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu Bulgaria kachasị nwee ọganihu na 100 afọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwuregwu a na mba ahụ. Nwa ya nwanyị [[Jaklin Zlatanova]] bụkwa onye na egwu basketball. A mụrụ Krassimira Banova na 1960 na Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria nke dị na mpaghara Thrace, nso isi obodo mpaghara, Haskovo ebe ọ nọrọ ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ọ bụ nwata. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara n'isi obodo Sofia, ebe ọ malitere ịme egwuregwu dị iche iche. Ruo afọ ole na ole ọ na azụ egwuregwu, mana n'ikpeazụ, na 1978, Banova chọtara onwe ya n'ụlọ ikpe basketball. Ọ malitere na basketball n'oge: mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii mana o nwere ike ijide ngwa ngwa.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Basketball ụmụ nwanyị XXVI European Iko asọmpi 1984 ===
[[Usòrò:Krassimira_Banova_holding_the_European_Champions_Cup_in_1984.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Banova, na ejide European Iko asọmpi  na 1984]]
N'afọ 1984 BC Levski Sofia zutere Zulu Vicenza na ngwụcha nke Women European Iko asọmpi . Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara si kwuo n'oge ahụ, ndị otu Ịtali bụ ndị ọkacha mmasị, ndị egwuregwu dị ka ''Beverly Smith'', ''Catarina Polini'', na Wanda Sandon du.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Arrigoni|first=Andrea|title=The European Basketball Database|url=http://pearlbasket.altervista.org/Europe.htm|work=Pearl basket|publisher=Arrigoni|accessdate=2020-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị otu mba ==
Krassimira Banova gbara bọọlụ maka ndị otu mba Bulgaria ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri (1980-1990). O mere nke mbụ ya na 1980 n'oge Eurobasket Ụmụ nwanyị . Banova sonyere na asọmpi Ụmụ nwanyị Eurobasket anọ, asọmpi ụwa abụọ, na otu Ntozu Olimpik.

* 4th Ụmụ nwanyị EuroBasket  1980
* Ụmụ nwanyị EuroBasket 1983[[Usòrò:Silver_medal_europe.svg|16x16px]]
* Ụmụ nwanyị EuroBasket 1985[[Usòrò:Silver_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16x16px]]
* 7th 1986 FIBA Asọmpi mba ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị
* 9th Ụmụ nwanyị Eurobasket1987
* 8th 1990 FIBA Asọmpi mba ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị
*

=== Ụmụ nwanyị Eurobasket1983 ===
E mere asọmpi bọọlụ bọọlụ nke iri na itoolu nke ụmụ nwanyị na 1983 na Hungary. N'etiti 11th na 18 September, ndị otu Europe 12 sonyere maka aha ahụ. E mere egwuregwu ahụ n'obodo atọ: Miskolc, Zalaegerszeg, na Budapest.

Bulgaria ke otu B, ye Czechoslovakia, Soviet Njikọ Germany, Italy, Sweden, ye Yugoslavia. Banova gbara egwuregwu isii na mkpokọta, na-ejedebe na nkezi nke 9 isi kwa egwuregwu, yana 75% nke ịtụfu efu mere. N'asọmpi ha na Sweden, ọ ji akara iri atọ na abụọ gụchara. Ndị otu Bulgaria gụchara nke abụọ na otu ya, na-alaghachi azụ naanị na ọkacha mmasị maka aha - Soviet Njikọ

Na ọkara ikpeazụ, Bulgaria meriri Yugoslavia wee ruo eru maka asọmpi ikpeazụ megide Soviet Njikọ.. N'ikpeazụ, Soviet Njikọ.bụ nke mbụ na asọmpi ahụ, Bulgaria wee nweta ọlaọcha. Ọla nchara ahụ bụ nke Hungary.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Egwuregwu Krassimira Banova site na ọnụ ọgụgụ egwuregwu
!Egwuregwu
!M/A
! %
!PF
!Pts
|-
| Bulgaria -  Czechoslovakia
|2/2
|100
|0
|2
|-
| Bulgaria -  Solviet Union
|4/5
|80
|3
|16
|-
| Bulgaria -  Germany
|1/1
|100
|0
|3
|-
| Bulgaria -  Italy
|0/0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| Bulgaria -  Sweden
|4/5
|80
|0
|32
|-
| Bulgaria -  Yugoslavia
|Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ
|33.3
|0
|1
|-
| Bulgaria -  Solviet Union
|0/0
|0
|1
|0
|}

=== Egwuregwu Asọmpi iru eru n'ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị 1984 ===
E mere ndokwa Asọmpi ntozu ụwa maka 1984 Egwuregwu olimpik maka May 1984 na Cuba. Ndị otu iri na itoolu sonyere maka ebe ahụ na nke ikpeazụ, nke na emeghe ọnụ ụzọ maka egwuregwu na Los Angeles. Ndị otu Bulgaria nọ n'ìgwè B, tinyere China, Japan, Czechoslovakia, na Zair.

Ndị otu Bulgaria gbara egwuregwu anọ: meriri Zair na Japan ma merie China na Czechoslovakia. Krassimira Banova sonyere n'egwuregwu atọ, na-emecha asọmpi ahụ na nkezi nke akara 9 na 75% nke ihe efu.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Egwuregwu
!M/A
! %
!PF
!Pts
|-
|Bulgaria -  Japan
|2/3
|66.7
|4
|4
|-
|Bulgaria -  China
|0/0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Bulgaria -  Czechoslovakia
|0/0
|0
|0
|4
|-
|Bulgaria -  Zair
|4/5
|80
|1
|14
|}

=== Ụmụ nwanyị EuroBasket 1985 ===
E mere ihe nkata XX Euro maka ụmụ nwanyị site na 8 ruo 15 Sep. 1985, na Italy. Ngụkọta ndị otu iri na abụọ sonyere na asọmpi a. Ihe osise a tinyere Bulgaria na otu Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, France, Romania, na Hungary

Krassimira Banova gbara bọọlụ asaa wee mechaa asọmpi ahụ dị ka onye ndu otu na nkezi nke 17.4 n'egwuregwu ọ bụla na 74.1% ihe efu. N'egwuregwu ikpeazụ ya na Soviet Njikọ, o nwetara akara 27, mana o zuoghị maka aha ahụ.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Egwuregwu
!M/A
! %
!PF
!Pts
|-
|Bulgaria -  Netherlands
|7/10
|70
|2
|17
|-
|Bulgaria -  Yugoslavia
|9/10
|90
|4
|21
|-
|Bulgaria -  Czechoslovakia
|7/8
|87.5
|4
|17
|-
|Bulgaria -  France
|5/9
|55.6
|2
|15
|-
|Bulgaria -  Romania
|3/6
|50
|1
|9
|-
|Bulgaria -  Hungary
|2/2
|100
|5
|16
|-
|Bulgaria -  Solviet Union
|7/9
|77.8
|1
|27
|}

=== Mmeri Ụwa maka Ụmụ nwanyị 1986 ===
1986 Asọmpi mba ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị mere netiti 8th na 17 Ọgọst na Soviet Njikọ. Ìgwè iri na abụọ kewara n'ìgwè abụọ sonyere na asọmpi ahụ. Bulgaria nọ n'ìgwè A na Soviet Njikọ, Canada, Cuba, Korea, na Brazil. Mgbe mmeri atọ na mmeri abụọ gasịrị, ndị otu Bulgaria mechara n'ọnọdụ nke asaa. Krassimira Banova gbara egwuregwu 7 wee nweta, na nkezi, 12.9Pts na 82.9% FT.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Egwuregwu
!M/A
! %
!PF
!Pts
|-
|Bulgaria -  Canada
|8/10
|80
|5
|14
|-
|Bulgaria -  Brasil
|4/4
|100
|1
|14
|-
|Bulgaria -  Soviet Union
|3/4
|75
|4
|3
|-
|Bulgaria -  Korea
|6/8
|75
|0
|20
|-
|Bulgaria -  Cuba
|5/5
|100
|2
|9
|-
|Bulgaria -  China
|7/7
|100
|3
|17
|-
|Bulgaria -  Hungary
|Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ
|33.8
|1
|13
|}

=== Ụmụ nwanyị EuroBasket 1987 ===
Eurobasket Ụmụ nwanyị 1987 (4 - 11 Septemba, Spain) megidere ndị otu 12 kachasị mma na kọntinent ahụ. Mmeri ahụ mere ka Bulgaria nọrọ n'otu na Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Italy, Spain, Finland, Romania, na Poland.

Banova enweghị ike inyere ndị otu ya aka nke ukwuu. Bulgaria nwere mmeri atọ na mmeri abụọ ma nọrọ n'ọnọdụ nke isii. O sonyere n'egwuregwu niile ma mechaa asọmpi ahụ na, na nkezi, 15,7pts na 86,5%FT. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Egwuregwu
!M/A
! %
!PF
!Pts
|-
|Bulgaria -  Czechoslovakia
|4/4
|100
|2
|10
|-
|Bulgaria -  Yugoslavia
|4/4
|100
|3
|14
|-
|Bulgaria -  Italy
|2/4
|50
|4
|16
|-
|Bulgaria -  Spain
|7/9
|77.8
|1
|23
|-
|Bulgaria -  Finland
|2/3
|66.7
|2
|6
|-
|Bulgaria -  Romania
|6/6
|100
|1
|16
|-
|Bulgaria -  Poland
|7/7
|100
|2
|25
|}

=== 1990 Asọmpi mba ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị ===
Ụmụ nwanyị Eurobasket 1987 (4 - 11 Septemba, Spain) megidere ndị otu 12 kachasị mma na kọntinent ahụ. Mmeri ahụ mere ka Bulgaria nọrọ n'otu na Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Italy, Spain, Finland, Romania, na Poland.

Banova enweghị ike inyere ndị otu ya aka nke ukwuu. Bulgaria nwere mmeri atọ na mmeri abụọ ma nọrọ n'ọnọdụ nke isii. O sonyere n'egwuregwu niile ma mechaa asọmpi ahụ na, na nkezi, 15,7pts na 86,5%FT.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Egwuregwu
!M/A
! %
!PF
!Pts
|-
|Bulgaria -  Italy
|3/4
|75
|0
|5
|-
|Bulgaria -  Malaysia
|5/6
|83.3
|3
|17
|-
|Bulgaria -  Australia
|4/4
|100
|4
|16
|-
|Bulgaria -  Canada
|2/4
|50
|2
|8
|-
|Bulgaria -  Cuba
|0/0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Bulgaria -  USA
|6/7
|85.7
|2
|10
|-
|Bulgaria -  Australia
|3/3
|100
|1
|9
|-
|Bulgaria -  Canada
|0/0
|0
|0
|0
|}

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* N'asụsụ Bulgarian, ọmarịcha ihe dị na bgbasket.com
* Nsonaazụ European Basketball Championship: Kemgbe 1935 na books.google.de
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230417011620/https://balkanleague.net/en/management.php?id=15/ Krasimira Banova] na balkanleague.net
* [https://basketball.bg/referee.php?id=417 Profaịlụ onye nnọchiteanya]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250224112644/https://bubabasket.com/en/management_staff.php?id=1445 Krasimira Banova] na &lt;nowiki&gt;http://bubabasket.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* [http://todor66.com/basketball/Europe/index_Women.html Women Basketball European Championships Archive]
* [http://www.allcompetitions.com/bk_elw.php#1960 Ebe Ndebe Ihe Ochie EuroLeague]
* [http://pearlbasket.altervista.org/Eurobasket.htm Ebe nchekwa data European Basketball]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:1960 births]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2207" sha1="f5kupq1fu6viq7mrdg9pr1084hq9ejg" xml:space="preserve">'''Kpor''' bụ obodo dị na Gokana, nke dị na Rivers State, Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wike mocks Cole: You can't win election in Rivers even if conducted 25,000 times - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/04/04/wike-mocks-cole-you-cant-win-election-in-rivers-even-if-conducted-25000-times/|accessdate=2023-04-27|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kpor na Mogho, Bomu, K-dere, na Bera nwere ókèala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Okonkwo|first=Amaechi|date=2023-04-04|title=Rivers guber: If you contest 25,000 times, you'll still lose, Wike tells Cole|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-if-you-contest-25000-times-youll-still-lose-wike-tells-cole/|accessdate=2023-04-27|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kpor bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ nke ime obodo Gokana, ọ dịkwa n'okpuru Rivers South East Senatorial District bịakwa nwee Barinaada Mpigi dịka onye bụ onye omeiwu na-anọchite anya District ya ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=E be like Nyesom Wike don really start the stomach infrastructure|url=https://www.wazobiafm.com/abuja/news/hottori/e-be-like-nyesom-wike-don-really-start-the-stomach-infrastructure/|accessdate=2023-04-27|work=Wazobia FM|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rivers South East Senatorial Zone / District|url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/senatorial-zone/128298/rivers-south-east|accessdate=2023-04-30|work=www.manpower.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rivers South East Senatorial District|url=https://profilbaru.com/article/Rivers_South_East_Senatorial_District|accessdate=2023-04-30|work=profilbaru.com|language=en|archivedate=2023-04-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430165200/https://profilbaru.com/article/Rivers_South_East_Senatorial_District}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọkụ azụ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Joshua Project: People Groups of the World {{!}} Joshua Project|url=https://joshuaproject.net/|accessdate=2023-05-03|work=joshuaproject.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ha kwenyere na e nwere [[God|Chineke]] a na-akpọ Bari nke kere ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; E nwere ụfọdụ ndị na-efe ofufe ọdịnala na emume nzuzo a na'akpọ aminikpo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Ȯra Rivers]]</text>
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'''Kwaku Agyemang-Manu''' (amụrụ na Septemba 6, 1955) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana. Ọ bụ onye omeiwu nke Dormaa Central na Minista nke Ahụike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://ghanahealthnest.com/kwaku-agyemang-manu-health-minister-akufo-addo-ghana/|title=Hon. Kwaku Agyemang Manu is New Health Minister|date=2017-01-10|work=Ghana Health Nest|accessdate=2017-02-09|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.com.gh/bio/politicians/kwaku-agyemany-manu?ajax=true|title=Kwaku Agyemany-Manu - Kwaku Agyemany-Manu - Pulse|author=Pulse|work=pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-02-09|archivedate=2017-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211082633/http://pulse.com.gh/bio/politicians/kwaku-agyemany-manu?ajax=true}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-21|title=178 Covid-19 In School – Health Minister|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/178-covid-19-in-school-health-minister/|accessdate=2020-07-25|work=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=106|accessdate=2020-07-25|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=2023-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328055124/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=106}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minister|url=https://www.moh.gov.gh/hon-kwaku-agyeman-manu/|accessdate=2020-07-25|work=Ministry Of Health|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321012003/https://www.moh.gov.gh/hon-kwaku-agyeman-manu/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lack of facilities impede healthcare service delivery in Oti - Osei Kufuor Afreh - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/lack-of-facilities-impede-healthcare-service-delivery-in-oti-osei-kufuor-afreh/|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ Chartered Management Accountant ma nweta Bachelor of Arts na Economics na Statistics na Mahadum Ghana na 1989.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kwaku Agyeman-Manu, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Kwaku-Agyeman-Manu-2380|accessdate=2022-08-10|work=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Agyeman-Manu na Dormaa Ahenkro na mpaghara Brong Ahafo nke ugbu a bụ mpaghara Bono. O nwere G.C.E Ordinary Level ya na 1973 na G.C'E Advanced Level ya na 1975.  Ọ bụ Chartered Management Accountant na Associate Member na 1990. wee nweta Bachelor of Arts na Economics na Statistics na Mahadum Ghana na 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=191|accessdate=2022-01-17|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=2023-12-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204133221/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=191}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Management Accountancy na London School of Accountancy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2574|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Agyeman-Manu, Kwaku|work=ghanamps.com|accessdate=2017-02-09|archivedate=2024-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928231622/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=2574}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọ bụ onye nduzi ego na Ghamot Company Limited nakwa na Toyota Ghana Company Limited. Ọ bụkwa osote onye isi na-ahụ maka ego na MIM Timber Company Limited.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;

=== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ===
Agyeman-Manu bụ onye otu New Patriotic Party na onye otu ndị omeiwu maka Dormaa Central Constituency na mpaghara Brong Ahafo nke Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Akụkọ Ọha na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu na-agafe agafe ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke National Health Authority na 2006, yana osote Minista nke Ego na Atụmatụ Akụ na ụba n'okpuru ọchịchị onye isi ala Kufuor (2001 ruo 2008).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Be-discreet-in-last-minute-deals-Agyemang-Manu-to-gov-t-496270|title=Be discreet in last minute deals - Agyemang-Manu to gov't|work=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2017-02-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; N'ọchịchị a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote minista nke steeti na Ministri ndị a: Azụmaahịa na Ụlọ Ọrụ, Ime Obodo, Ego, Nkwurịta okwu na Ụzọ na Njem.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/profile-of-1st-batch-of-prez-akufo-addo-s-minister-designates.html|title=Profile of 1st batch of Akufo-Addo's minister designates - Graphic Online {{!}} Ghana News|author=Graphic.com.gh|work=Graphic Online|accessdate=2017-02-09|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na bọọdụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka Small Arms Commission of Ghana, Ghana Revenue Authority, Bank of Ghana, na Divestiture Implementation Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== Minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ ===
Na Mee, 2017, Onye isi ala Nana Akufo-Addo họpụtara Kwaku Agyemang-Manu dị ka otu n'ime ndị minista iri na itoolu ga-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot; /&gt; E zigara aha ndị minista iri na itoolu ahụ na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Ghana ma mara ọkwa site n'aka Onye isi oche nke Ụlọ ahụ, Rt. Hon. Prọfesọ Mike Ocquaye&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot; /&gt; Dị ka Minista nke Cabinet, Agyemang-Manu bụ akụkụ nke ndị isi ala ma na-enyere aka na mkpebi dị mkpa maka mba ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Citi|title=Arts Minister Catherine Afeku makes it to Cabinet|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839|work=ghanaweb.com|publisher=ghanaweb|accessdate=7 July 2017|archivedate=31 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025902/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kwaku Agyemang - Manu, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Kwaku-Agyemang-Manu-2380|accessdate=2020-12-07|work=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Kọmitii ====
Ọ bụ onye otu Members Holding Offices of Profit Committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;

== Arụmụka ==

=== Ihe ihere nke Woyome ===
N'afọ 2005, Maazị Kwaku Agyemang Manu, onye bụ osote minista na-ahụ maka ego n'oge ahụ n'okpuru ọchịchị Kufuor, nyere akwụkwọ ozi n'enweghị Minista na-ekwu maka ego na ụlọ ọrụ nke Maazị Alfred Agbesi Woyome n'ihe gbasara iwu ámá egwuregwu maka CAN 2008. Maazị Woyome wee gbaa Gọọmentị Ghana akwụkwọ na 2009 wee nweta ikpe nke ihe karịrị GHC nde 51, dabere na akwụkwọ ozi nke Maazị Kwaku Agyemang Manu nyere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Agyemang-Manu-s-letter-constitutes-contract-Woyome-333031|title=Agyemang Manu's letter constitutes contract - Woyome|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kweku-Agyemang-Manu-testifies-at-Woyome-trial-254791|title=Kweku Agyemang Manu testifies at Woyome trial|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe ihere na-emegide ịzụta agwọ ===
N'ụbọchị nke 8 n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2019, onye isi oche nke IMANI Center for Policy &amp; Education, ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche na Ghana, kọrọ akụkọ mbụ banyere mmebi iwu dị iche iche nke Ministry of Health (MoH) na ịzụta Anti-Snake Venom Serum n'akwụkwọ ozi emeghe na Facebook nye Minista.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/franklin.cudjoe/posts/10156768364362349|title=Franklin Cudjoe|work=www.facebook.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime mgbalị ịkwụsị nsogbu ahụ, a nụrụ Minista ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ redio dị n'ógbè ahụ, Adom FM, na-agbagha ebubo nke mmebi iwu. E zigakwara IMANI nzaghachi na-esote n'ihe a [https://web.archive.org/web/20221017021113/https://imaniafrica.org/2019/02/28/still-on-ineffective-anti-snake-serum-and-procurement-breaches-evidence-finally/] E mechara chọpụta na nkwupụta ndị a nke Minista ahụ chepụtara iji kpuchie mmekọrịta ya na ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ógbè ahụ a na-akpọ Pharmanova. Ndị na-ahụ maka ịzụta ọha (PPA) kpebiri megide Ministrị ahụ ma kwuo na mmebi iwu dị iche iche na mkpebi ya wee rịọ Ministrị ka ha wepụ ụlọ ọrụ Pharmanova abụọ ahụ maka itinye ego okpukpu abụọ n'etiti nsogbu ndị ọzọ ma nyochaa tender ahụ na ndị ọzọ na-ere ahịa. A kọwakwara ihe ihere a n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mpaghara ma ọtụtụ na-eche ihe mere Minista ahụ ji nọ n'ọkwa mgbe ihe ndị a siri ike megide ya kpatara ọnwụ nke ọtụtụ mmadụ na mba ahụ n'ihi ụkọ ọgwụ mberede a niile dị mkpa. Ruo n'ọnwa Machị 2020, Minista ahụ anwaala mgbalị dị iche iche ịkagbu akwụkwọ ahụ, mepee akwụkwọ ọhụrụ maka Anti-Snake Venom Serum, na-eleghara mkpebi nke PPA anya ma na-anwa ịnye Pharmanova Ghana Limited akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ndị a ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newdawngh.com/moh-slaughters-rural-folks-there-is-no-anti-snake-serum/|title=MoH Slaughters Rural Folks …There Is No Anti-Snake Serum {{!}} NewDawn|author=samuel|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-02|archivedate=2020-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923100638/https://newdawngh.com/moh-slaughters-rural-folks-there-is-no-anti-snake-serum/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newdawngh.com/nana-deceived-in-procurement-of-anti-snake-serum/|title=Nana Deceived In Procurement Of Anti-Snake Serum {{!}} NewDawn|author=samuel|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-02|archivedate=2021-08-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809195802/https://newdawngh.com/nana-deceived-in-procurement-of-anti-snake-serum/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.abcnewsgh.com/how-public-procurement-authority-cancelled-dubious-anti-snake-serum-procurement-deal/|title=How Public Procurement Authority cancelled dubious anti-snake serum procurement deal|date=2019-05-02|work=ABC News Ghana|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-02|archivedate=2019-05-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525003126/https://www.abcnewsgh.com/how-public-procurement-authority-cancelled-dubious-anti-snake-serum-procurement-deal/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thebftonline.com/2019/business/health/procurement-scandal-hits-moh/|title=Procurement scandal hits MoH …as it flouts PPA ruling over anti-snake vaccines {{!}} Business Financial Times Online {{!}} Economy, World, Finances, IT, ICT, Business|author=Arthur|first=Benson|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-02|archivedate=2020-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626233600/https://thebftonline.com/2019/business/health/procurement-scandal-hits-moh/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Snake-anti-venom-scandal-more-people-die-of-snake-bites-as-MoH-looks-on-727234|title=Snake anti-venom scandal,more people die of snake-bites as MoH looks on|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thedailystatesman.com/index.php/health/item/4429-procurement-authority-orders-health-ministry-to-put-botched-snake-serum-deal-back-to-tender|title=Procurement Authority Orders Health Ministry To Put Botched Snake Serum Deal Back To Tender|author=REPORT|first=NEWS DESK|work=thedailystatesman.com|language=en-gb|accessdate=2020-04-02|archivedate=2023-04-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427191533/http://thedailystatesman.com/index.php/health/item/4429-procurement-authority-orders-health-ministry-to-put-botched-snake-serum-deal-back-to-tender}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe ihere nke condom ===
N'afọ 2019, Ministri ahụike meghere mkpọsa maka condoms n'ọnọdụ dị egwu. N'ụzọ na-adọrọ mmasị, ọ dịghị ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ógbè ahụ nke nwere ike inye condoms sonyere na-ewelite ajụjụ ma ọ bụrụ na a na-emeghe ma na-akpọsa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka Iwu Nchịkọta Ọha chọrọ. Ọ bụkwa ihe na-adọrọ mmasị iburu n'uche na nkwekọrịta ahụ gara Pharmanova Limited ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/04/we-followed-due-process-in-awarding-ghc3m-condom-contract-health-ministry/|title=We followed due process in awarding GHC3m condom contract - Health Ministry|date=2019-04-01|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana, Current Affairs, Business News , Headlines, Ghana Sports, Entertainment, Politics, Articles, Opinions, Viral Content|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/MoH-denies-wrongdoing-in-Condom-Contract-734997|title=MoH denies wrongdoing in Condom Contract|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pharmanova ===
Otu ụlọ ọrụ edebanyere aha na mpaghara nke ụmụ amaala India nwere ma na-achịkwa anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Ghana kemgbe afọ 2005 ma na-emeri ọtụtụ mkpọsa karịsịa n'okpuru oge Kwaku Agyemang Manu dị ka Minista Ahụike. Ọ dịghị nyocha zuru oke nke Gọọmentị Ghana malitere ebe ihe akaebe nke aghụghọ na njikwa dị nro ka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mpaghara bipụtara n'ọtụtụ ebe.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Agyeman-Manu bụ Onye Kraịst.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Ọ lụrụ nwanyị ma nwee ụmụ isii a maara.

== Ọgha ụgha n'ihu ọha banyere ọnọdụ COVID-19 ya ==
Na June 13, 2020, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na Ghana kwupụtara na ya, nwunye ya na nwa ya nwoke nwalere COVID-19 ma na-abanye na Mahadum nke Ghana Medical Centre (UGMC).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-13|title=Wife, son of Health Minister test positive for coronavirus - Reports|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Wife-son-of-Health-Minister-test-positive-for-coronavirus-Reports-979318|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-13|title=Health Minister, Agyeman Manu recovering at UGMC after testing positive for Covid-19|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/health-minister-agyeman-manu-recovering-at-ugmc-after-testing-positive-for-covid-19/|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-13|title=Ghana's Minister for Health tests positive for Coronavirus|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/ghanas-minister-for-health-tests-positive-for-coronavirus/|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana, Current Affairs, Business News , Headlines, Ghana Sports, Entertainment, Politics, Articles, Opinions, Viral Content|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A nabatara Kwaku Agyemang-Manu na Tuesday ma tọhapụ ya na Friday n'ihi na nwunye ya na nwa ya nwoke nọ n'ọnọdụ dị egwu na ngalaba nlekọta siri ike nke UGMC. O kwuru na ọ nwalere COVID-19 na Satọdee mgbe ọ gwara onye nta akụkọ aha ya bụ Afia Pokuaa aka Vim Lady okwu na ekwentị. O kwuru na ọ na-ezu ike ma na-aṅụ ọgwụ shuga ọ na-ahapụkarị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-14|title=I don't have coronavirus, I'm only resting – Health Minister denies reports|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-don-t-have-coronavirus-I-m-only-resting-Health-Minister-denies-reports-979537|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ekwu na ọnọdụ ya emeela ka egwu tụọ egwu na Gọọmentị na ọtụtụ ndị isi ọrụ na-anọpụ iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-14|title=Fear grips Ghana's cabinet as Health Minister tests positive for coronavirus|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Fear-grips-Ghana-s-cabinet-as-Health-Minister-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-979345|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, Onye isi ala Ghana, mara ọkwa na National TV na Minista ahụike ya butere COVID-19 n'ezie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-14|title=Akufo-Addo confirms Health Minister's coronavirus status|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Akufo-Addo-confirms-Health-Minister-s-coronavirus-status-979897|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ iji mara na a yigharịrị ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke NPP na mpaghara ndị Minista.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-08|title=Full text: NPP outlines guidelines for conduct of 2020 Parliamentary primaries|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/politics/full-text-npp-outlines-guidelines-for-conduct-of-2020-parliamentary-primaries/|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-06-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614210819/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/politics/full-text-npp-outlines-guidelines-for-conduct-of-2020-parliamentary-primaries/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ ga-adọrọ mmasị ịhụ ma ebe obibi na ọkachasị ndị nnọchiteanya nke pati ya ga-akwado ya mgbe nke a gasịrị.

== Ịnya isi banyere WHO Executive Board ==
Hon. A kpọrọ Kwaku Agyeman-Manu ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na kọmitii ndị isi nke World Health Organization (WHO) dị ka onye nnọchi anya Ghana bụ onye otu WHO.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Health Minister Kwaku Agyeman-Manu to serve on WHO Executive Board|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/health-minister-kwaku-agyeman-manu-to-serve-on-who-executive-board/|date=2020-05-24|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; E bipụtara ya n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Ghana na ọ bụ ezigbo ọrụ / atụmatụ ya dị ka Minista na ikike teknụzụ ya kpatara nhọpụta a dị elu. Ọ bụ iburu n'uche na WHO na-ahọpụta ndị otu ya naanị site na mba ndị otu ha. Ebe ọ bụ Minista ahụike na Ghana, ya mere ọ na-anọchite anya Ghana ọ bụghị onwe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} The Executive Board|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/en/|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=WHO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maazị Agyeman-Manu sonyeere dị ka otu n'ime ndị Afrịka asaa na-anọchite anya mba ha iji kwado ndị isi nke WHO na Mee 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana's Health Minister elected to WHO Executive Board|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-s-health-minister-elected-to-who-executive-board.html|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|accessdate=2020-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Dennis Nana Dwamena''', onye a maara nke ọma dị ka '''KiDi''', (amụrụ n'August 18, 1993) bụ onye Ghana afrobeats na onye na-agụ egwú na onye na'ede egwú. Ọ bịanyere aka na Lynx Entertainment ma bụrụ onye a maara nke ọma maka egwu egwu ya zuru ụwa ọnụ Touch It. Remix ahụ gosipụtara onye America na-eti egwu Tyga ma nata nnukwu egwu n'ụwa niile.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ KiDi Dennis Nana Dwamena na 18 August 1993 na Accra, Ghana na Gerald na Beatrice Thompson. O nwere ụmụnne nwoke abụọ ọ tọrọ, Phillip na Elliot. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị na St. Anthony's School na Accra wee gaa Accra Academy maka agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. Ọ gara Mahadum nke Ghana Legon, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2016 na nzere na Economics and Information Studies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=KiDi|date=9 September 2017|url=https://profileability.com/kidi/|publisher=profileability.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ egwu ==

=== Mmalite mbụ na ọganihu ===
Mgbe ọ na-amụ Economics na Information Studies na Mahadum nke Ghana, ịhụnanya KiDi nwere maka egwu mere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Moonlight Café - mmepụta egwu nke na-akwado ndị na-ese ihe na-abịanụ ma nye ha ikpo okwu iji gosipụta nkà ha na Mahadụma na Ghana.  O dekwara egwu egwu ndị a ma ama.
N'afọ 2015, KiDi nwetara okwukwe site na isonye na asọmpi MTN Hitmaker.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=KiDi wins 2015 MTN Hitmaker Reality Show|date=October 2015|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kidi-wins-2015-MTN-Hitmaker-reality-show-385072|publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu merie asọmpi ahụ ma mesịa bịanye aka na Lynx Entertainment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lynx Entertainment signs KiDi|url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2016/03/lynx-entertainment-signs-kidi/|publisher=Kuulpeeps}}&lt;/ref&gt; KiDi ghọrọ onye a ma ama na 2017 mgbe ọ wepụtara &quot;Say You Love Me&quot; abụ ọ bụghị naanị na o dere kamakwa ọ haziri ma mepụta. KiDi guzobere onwe ya dị ka otu n'ime kpakpando na-eto ngwa ngwa na Ghana mgbe ọ wepụtara ihe ọzọ a na-akpọ &quot;Odo&quot; na Julaị 2017, remix ya na onye na-ese ihe na Naijiria [[Davido]] na [[Mayorkun]] na Disemba 2017, na Adiepena na Eprel 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=KiDi takes Africa by storm with Odo remix feat Davido, Mayorkun|date=11 October 2017|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kidi-takes-Africa-by-storm-with-Odo-remix-feat-Davido-Mayorkun-589683|publisher=ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe osise ===
KiDi etinyela ọtụtụ ọkwa gụnyere 2017 Rapperholic Concert, Ghana Music Honors 2017 Edition, December to Remember 2017, S Concert 2017, 61st Ghana Independence Celebration Show na March 2018 na Indigo 02 na [[London]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Star-studded performances at Sarkodie's Rapperholic Concert 2017|date=26 December 2017|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Star-studded-performances-at-Sarkodie-s-Rapperholic-concert-2017-612660|publisher=ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citi FM Rocks Accra Tonight with Official Christmas Party|date=24 December 2017|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/12/24/d2r2017-citi-fm-rocks-accra-tonight-official-christmas-party/|publisher=citifmonline.com|accessdate=6 August 2023|archivedate=27 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927121945/http://citifmonline.com/2017/12/24/d2r2017-citi-fm-rocks-accra-tonight-official-christmas-party/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghanaweb.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shatta Wale, Stonebwoy, Samini for S Concert 2017|date=3 November 2017|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/audio/Shatta-Wale-Stonebwoy-Samini-for-S-Concert-2017-596909|publisher=ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CitiFMOnline.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=KiDi, Kuami Eugene and King Promise headline Ghana @ 61 Concert in UK|date=8 March 2018|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/03/08/kidi-kuami-eugene-king-promise-headline-ghana-61-concert-uk/|publisher=citifmonline.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'otu oge ahụ dị ka ọtụtụ [[Afrịka|ndị]] na-ese ihe n'Afrịka gụnyere [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]], Samini, [[Shatta Wale]], MzVee, [[Wizkid|WizKid]], [[Tiwa Savage]], Efya, na Patoranking.KiDi emepụtawokwa ọtụtụ egwu maka ndị omenkà ndị ọzọ ma soro onye na-emepụta ihe nrite Ghana, Richie Mensah mepụta ya. O deela maka ndị Ghana gụnyere ndị mmeri MzVee na Adina ma soro ndị na-ese ihe dịka Tic tac, Ko-Jo Cue, Magnom na [[Kwesi Arthur]] rụkọọ ọrụ. KiDi nwetara nhọpụta 6 na 2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards gụnyere 'Best New Artiste', 'Afro-pop Song of the Year' na 'Male Vocalist of the Year&quot; wee gaa n'ihu merie ihe nrite maka 'High-life Song of the year' na onyinye na Eprel 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards Full List of Nominees|date=4 March 2018|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2018-Vodafone-Ghana-Music-Awards-Full-list-of-nominees-631326|publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Full List of Winners at 2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/April-15th/full-list-of-winners-at-2018-vodafone-ghana-music-awards.php|publisher=MyJoyOnline|accessdate=2023-08-06|archivedate=2018-04-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415054014/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/April-15th/full-list-of-winners-at-2018-vodafone-ghana-music-awards.php}}&lt;/ref&gt; E chiri ya okpueze dị ka Artiste nke 5th Edition nke 3Music award na VGMA 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-28|title=KiDi crowned Artiste of the Year at the 3music awards|url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2022/03/28/kidi-crowned-artiste-of-the-year-at-the-3music-awards/|accessdate=2022-05-22|work=Angel Online|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701161256/https://angelonline.com.gh/2022/03/28/kidi-crowned-artiste-of-the-year-at-the-3music-awards/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Boateng|first=Kofi|date=2022-03-27|title=Kidi 'deserves' 3Music Awards Artiste of the Year - D Black says as show delays for hours|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/kidi-deserves-3music-awards-artiste-of-the-year-d-black-says-as-show-delays-for-hours/2wt0v3q|accessdate=2022-05-22|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en|archivedate=2022-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522174147/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/kidi-deserves-3music-awards-artiste-of-the-year-d-black-says-as-show-delays-for-hours/2wt0v3q}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-02-12|title=3Music Awards 2022: Full list of nominees|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/3Music-Awards-2022-Full-list-of-nominees-1467391|accessdate=2022-05-22|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2022-05-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531054313/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/3Music-Awards-2022-Full-list-of-nominees-1467391}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ghana|first=Latest|date=2022-02-13|title=Full List Of 3Music Awards'22 Nominees|url=https://latestghana.com/full-list-of-3music-awards22-nominees/|accessdate=2022-05-22|work=Latest Ghana|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522142556/https://latestghana.com/full-list-of-3music-awards22-nominees/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=iChris|date=2022-05-08|title=Kidi wins Artist of the Year, VGMA 2022 winners list - iCHRIS|url=https://ichrisgh.com/blog/2022/05/08/kidi-wins-artist-of-the-year-vgma-2022-winners-list/,%20https://ichrisgh.com/blog/2022/05/08/kidi-wins-artist-of-the-year-vgma-2022-winners-list/|accessdate=2022-05-22|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Winners full list for Ghana Music Awards 2022|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/world-61360939|accessdate=2022-05-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-05-08|title=KiDi wins 2022 VGMA Artiste of the Year|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/05/kidi-wins-2022-vgma-artiste-of-the-year/|accessdate=2022-05-22|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-27|title=VGMA 22: KiDi breaks silence after being trolled for losing 'Artiste of the Year' award|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/VGMA-22-KiDi-breaks-silence-after-being-trolled-for-losing-Artiste-of-the-Year-award-1295917|accessdate=2022-05-22|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2022-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522172644/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/VGMA-22-KiDi-breaks-silence-after-being-trolled-for-losing-Artiste-of-the-Year-award-1295917}}&lt;/ref&gt; KiDi nwere abọm studio abụọ na 1 EP ugbu a. E wepụtara abọm izizi ya, Sugar na Mee 31, 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=KiDi – The Lynx Family – Ghana|url=http://lynxghana.com/artistes/kidi/|accessdate=2022-11-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-11-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121062915/http://lynxghana.com/artistes/kidi/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O weputara ihe nkiri n'otu afọ ahụ na aha abọm (Sugar) na Accra, Kumasi, na UK. 

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
KiDi nwere nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Zayne&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-11-29|title=KiDi promises son golden hair for next birthday|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/KiDi-promises-son-golden-hair-for-next-birthday-1412431|accessdate=2022-11-21|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2022-11-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121060701/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/KiDi-promises-son-golden-hair-for-next-birthday-1412431}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Organization
!Award
!Work
!Result
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2017
|4syte Music Video Awards
|Best Discovery Video
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Ɔdɔ''|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sarkodie tops the list of nominations for this year's 4syte Music Video Awards|date=3 November 2017 |url=https://www.nydjlive.com/sarkodie-tops-list-nominations-years-4syte-tv-music-video-awards/|publisher=nydjlive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;16&quot; |2018
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Ghana Music Awards
|Highlife Song of the Year|| {{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Afropop Song of the Year
|Say You Love Me|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Highlife Artiste of the Year
|Himself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best Male Vocalist
|Ɔdɔ|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best New Artiste
|Himself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Song of the Year
|''Ɔdɔ''|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Ghana Music Awards (UK)
|Artist of the Year
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Himself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2018 Ghana Music Awards UK Full List of Nominees|date=18 July 2018 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-Music-Awards-UK-2018-Full-list-of-nominees-669942|publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Highlife Artist of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=2018 Ghana Music Awards UK Full List of Nominees|date=18 July 2018 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-Music-Awards-UK-2018-Full-list-of-nominees-669942|publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Male Vocalist
|''Ɔdɔ''|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Highlife Song of the Year
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Himself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best New Artist of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |3Music Awards
|Male Act of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=2018 2018 3Music Awards nominees unveiled|date=26 January 2018|url=https://www.3news.com/2018-3music-awards-nominees-unveiled/|publisher=3news|accessdate=6 August 2023|archivedate=6 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806085402/https://3news.com/2018-3music-awards-nominees-unveiled/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Breakout Act of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Song of the Year
|''Ɔdɔ''|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2018 2018 3Music Awards nominees unveiled|date=26 January 2018|url=https://www.3news.com/2018-3music-awards-nominees-unveiled/|publisher=3news|accessdate=6 August 2023|archivedate=6 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806085402/https://3news.com/2018-3music-awards-nominees-unveiled/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|Most eventful Snapchat channel
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Himself|| {{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2018 2018 3Music Awards nominees unveiled|date=26 January 2018|url=https://www.3news.com/2018-3music-awards-nominees-unveiled/|publisher=3news|accessdate=6 August 2023|archivedate=6 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806085402/https://3news.com/2018-3music-awards-nominees-unveiled/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|AFRIMA
|Best Artiste Duo or Group in Africa Contemporary|| {{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;2018 afrima&quot;&gt;{{Cite web
|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/afrima-2018-full-list-of-winners/k7npvvb |title=AFRIMA 2018 full list of winners |website=pulse.com.gh |date=25 November 2018 |access-date=2021-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-  
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |2019
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ghana Music Awards
|Highlife Artist of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Full list of nominations for VGMA 2019|url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/Entertainment/183819/Full-list-of-nominations-for-VGMA-2019/|publisher=Ghana Business}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Male Vocalist|| {{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=2019 VGMAs: Full list of winners|url=https://www.ghupload.com/live-2021-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-full-list-of-winners/|publisher=Ghana Web|accessdate=2023-08-06|archivedate=2023-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717164706/https://www.ghupload.com/live-2021-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-full-list-of-winners/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Song of the Year
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Thunder|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Highlife Song of the Year|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;/&gt;
|-
|3Music Awards
|Best Male Vocal Performance
|''Fakyɛ Me'' (meaning-Forgive Me)|| {{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=3Music Awards 2020: See the list of winners|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/music/3music-awards-2020-see-the-full-list-of-winners//|publisher=MyJoyOnline|accessdate=2023-08-06|archivedate=2023-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806085401/https://myjoyonline.com/entertainment/music/3music-awards-2020-see-the-full-list-of-winners//}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |3Music Awards (UK)
|Highlife Act of the Year
|Himself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Album
|Sugar|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |4syte TV Music Video Awards
|Best Edited Video
|Cinderella|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=2019 4SYTE VMAs: Full list of winners|date=19 October 2019 |url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2019/10/19/full-list-of-2019-mtn-4syte-tv-music-video-awards-nominees/ |publisher=Ghana music}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Male
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Adiepɛna''|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best Highlife|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best Collaboration
|Mr. Badman|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |2020
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Ghana Music Awards
|Highlife Artist of the Year
|Himself|| {{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 30, 2020|title=Kuami Eugene wins VGMA Artiste of the Year 2020|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/kuami-eugene-wins-vgma-artiste-of-the-year-2020/|access-date=August 30, 2020|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=August 6, 2023|archivedate=July 18, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718185442/https://myjoyonline.com/news/national/kuami-eugene-wins-vgma-artiste-of-the-year-2020/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Afrobeats Song of the Year
|Mr Badman
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Male Vocalist of the Year
|Himself
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best Collaboration of the Year
|''Ɔhemaa'' (with Kuami Eugene)
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best Collaboration of the Year
|Mr Badman (ft [[Kwesi Arthur]])
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Album of the Year
|Sugar
|{{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;/&gt;
|-
|International Collaboration of the Year
|Cinderella (ft [[Mayorkun]] &amp; Peruzzi)
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;/&gt;
|-
|International Collaboration of the Year
|Sugar Daddy (ft [[Mr Eazi]])
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Most Popular Song of the Year
|Mr Badman
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;/&gt;
|-
|-
| rowspan=&quot;13&quot; |2021
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |3Music Awards
|Artist of the Year
|Himself
|{{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=KiDi wins Artiste of the Year at the 2021 3Music Awards - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kidi-wins-artiste-of-the-year-at-the-2021-3music-awards/|access-date=2021-03-29|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|EP of the Year
|BLUE
|{{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Song of the Year
|Enjoyment
|{{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;/&gt;    
|- 
|Afro Beat Song of the Year
|Enjoyment
|{{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;/&gt;                                                    
|- 
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Vodafone Ghana Music Awards
|Artiste of the Year
|Himself||{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2021: All The Nominees|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|website=MyJoyOnline.com|date=6 April 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Afrobeat/Afropop Song of the Year
|&quot;Say Cheese&quot;
|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2021 VGMA Awards Winners|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57620807|newspaper=BBC News Pidgin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Most Popular Song of the Year
|&quot;Say Cheese&quot;
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2021: All The Nominees|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|website=MyJoyOnline.com|date=6 April 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Most Popular Song of the Year
|&quot;Enjoyment&quot;
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2021: All The Nominees|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|website=MyJoyOnline.com|date=6 April 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Afrobeat/Afropop Artist of the Year
|Himself
|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2021 VGMA Awards Winners|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57620807|newspaper=BBC News Pidgin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|EP of the Year
|&quot;Blue&quot;
|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2021 VGMA Awards Winners|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57620807|newspaper=BBC News Pidgin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Collaboration of the Year
|&quot;One Man&quot; (ft Adina)
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2021: All The Nominees|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|website=MyJoyOnline.com|date=6 April 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Male Vocal Performance
|Himself
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2021: All The Nominees|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|website=MyJoyOnline.com|date=6 April 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Highlife Song
|&quot;Enjoyment&quot;
|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2021 VGMA Awards Winners|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57620807|newspaper=BBC News Pidgin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |The Headies Awards
|Best West African Artiste of the Year
|KiDi
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Headies-Awards-Amaarae-Gyakie-KiDi-and-Nektunez-nominated-1545563 | title=Headies Awards: Amaarae, Gyakie, KiDi and Nektunez nominated | date=25 May 2022 | accessdate=6 August 2023 | archivedate=25 May 2022 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525115139/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Headies-Awards-Amaarae-Gyakie-KiDi-and-Nektunez-nominated-1545563 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Vodafone Ghana Music Awards
|Artiste of the Year
|Himself||{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=VGMA 2022 Winners: See full list of VGMA 23 Winners|url=https://www.ghstandard.com/vgma-2022-winners-full-list-of-vgma-23/29651/#Best-Gospel-Artiste|website=gh.standard.com|date=10 May 2022|accessdate=6 August 2023|archivedate=17 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717170530/https://ghstandard.com/vgma-2022-winners-full-list-of-vgma-23/29651/#Best-Gospel-Artiste}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Album of the Year
|The Golden Boy
|{{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Video of the Year
|Mon Bebe
|{{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Afrobeats/AfroPop Artiste
|Himself
|{{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best Reggae/Dancehall Song of the Year
|Touch It
|{{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Most Popular Song of the Year
|Touch It
|{{Won}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|-
|International Collaboration of the Year
|Spiritual ft. Kuami Eugene, [[Patoranking]]
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best Male Vocal Performance
|Bad Things
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best Afrobeats Song
|Mon Bebe
|{{Nom}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|}

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Lynx Entertainment n
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>afo7ekay1j0mebe933kf2kcbe912non</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>International Institute for Sustainable Development</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>28734</id>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;5&quot; |International Institute for Sustainable Development
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image logo&quot; |[[File:International Institute for Sustainable Development logo.svg]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Abbreviation
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |IISD
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Formation
| class=&quot;infobox-data note&quot; |1990
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Type
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Non-governmental organization|NGO]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Legal status
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Registered charitable organization
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Purpose
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sustainable development]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Headquarters
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Winnipeg]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Location
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* 111 Lombard Avenue
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;&gt;Onye isi oche na onye isi oche&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Richard Florizone
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;&gt;Onye isi oche nke Board&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Michelle Edkins
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;&gt;Orga bụ isi&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ndị isi ndị isi
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;&gt;Mmefu ego  &lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |CAN $ 43 nde (FY 2022/23)
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;&gt;Ndị ọrụ  &lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |125
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[http://www.iisd.org/ www.iisd.org]&lt;/span&gt;
|}
[[Category:Pages using infobox organization with motto or pledge]]

The '''International Institute for Sustainable Development''' ('''IISD''') bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche nke onwe ya nke e guzobere na 1990 na-arụ ọrụ iji kpụzie ma mee ka iwu mba ụwa mara banyere ọchịchị mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ọfịs atọ na Canada - Winnipeg, Ottawa, na Toronto, na otu ọfịs na Geneva, [[Switzerland]]. Ọ nwere ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ 150 na ndị mmekọ na-arụ ọrụ na mba 30.

IISD bụ òtù ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha na Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)|url=https://www.ccacoalition.org/en/partners/international-institute-sustainable-development-iisd|accessdate=2023-05-29|work=Climate &amp; Clean Air Coalition|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme na nhazi ==
N'afọ 1988 na Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu, Praịm Minista Canada n'oge ahụ bụ Brian Mulroney kwupụtara atụmatụ &quot;ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ nke ga-akwalite echiche nke mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na mba ụwa,&quot; nke ga-enwe isi ụlọ ọrụ na Winnipeg.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment/rio1992.|title=United Nations. &quot;United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3-14 June 1992&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ ga-abụ akụkụ nke onyinye Canada nyere maka nkwadebe maka ihe ghọrọ United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), nke a makwaara dị ka Rio Earth Summit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4685787/user-clip-prime-minister-brian-mulroney-announces-centre-sustainable-development.|title=User Clip: Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announces a centre for sustainable development &amp;#124; C-SPAN.org|work=www.c-span.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị na 1990, e guzobere IISD n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, na-esote mbinye aka nke nkwekọrịta n'etiti Minista Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Canada n'oge ahụ Lucien Bouchard na Manitoba Premier Gary Filmon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/iisd_innovator_june_2010.pdf.|title=IISD Innovator June 2010|accessdate=2023-08-13|archivedate=2021-03-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317022840/https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/iisd_innovator_june_2010.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1992, IISD ghọrọ ebe obibi nke Earth Negotiations Bulletin, ọrụ akụkọ akụkọ gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na mkparịta ụka mmepe zuru ụwa ọnụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/.|title=Home &amp;#124; IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2016, IISD malitere SDG Knowledge Hub, saịtị raara onwe ya nye na-enye mmelite akụkọ, nkọwa, nyocha, kalenda, na isiokwu ndị ọbịa na mmejuputa nke Sustainable Development Goals.

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2022, a na-ahazi ọrụ kwa ụbọchị nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ugbu a gburugburu usoro CREATE, nke ga-eduzi ọrụ ya ruo 2025. [amaghị ama] Ogidi usoro a bụ Climate, Resources, Economies, Act Together, na Engage. A na-etinye ogidi ndị a n'ọrụ site na mmemme ise nke IISD: Iwu na Iwu akụ na ụba, Ike, Resilience, Nnyocha Ọganihu, na Mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisd.org/mission-and-goals.|title=International Institute for Sustainable Development. &quot;Mission and Goals.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ iri gara aga, IISD agbasawo ọrụ mmemme ya iji tinye ije ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ forums, netwọk, na njikọ aka. Ndị a gụnyere Intergovernmental Forum (IGF) na Mining, Minerals, Metals, na Sustainable Development na National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Global Network.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.igfmining.org/|title=Home|work=Intergovernmental Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt; IISD na-achịkwa Secretariat International Support Office (SISO) maka China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED). Na Nọvemba 11, 2021, IISD kwupụtara na ọ ga-abụ odeakwụkwọ mbụ na-adịgide adịgide nke Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (BOGA).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisd.org/boga-launch|title=IISD Welcomes Launch of Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance, Honoured to Host its First Permanent Secretariat|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IISD nwere ndị otu iri na anọ, nke Michelle Edkins, onye isi nchịkwa na BlackRock, bụ onyeisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisd.org/board|title=Board|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye isi oche nke IISD bụ Lloyd McGinnis. Onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke IISD bụ Richard Florizone (2020-dị ugbu a).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard Florizone Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy|url=https://wise.uwaterloo.ca/.profile/rflorizone|accessdate=2023-05-29|work=wise.uwaterloo.ca|language=en|archivedate=2023-05-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529233811/https://wise.uwaterloo.ca/.profile/rflorizone}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lloyd McGinnis|url=https://www.iisd.org/people/lloyd-mcginnis|accessdate=2023-05-29|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ Ọ Na-arụ Ugbu a ==
Ọhụụ IISD bụ &quot;ụwa ebe ndị mmadụ na mbara ala na-eto eto&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisd.org/mission-and-goals|title=Mission and Goals|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na òtù gọọmentị, gọọmentị na ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ, ngalaba onwe, na òtù ọha na eze gburugburu ụwa. Njikọ a gụnyere ịmepụta nyocha ọhụrụ, na-eduzi akụkọ akụkọ na nyocha, na-enye enyemaka teknụzụ na nkwado iwulite ikike, na ịhazi ụlọ ọrụ na ihe omume ndị ọzọ na-ekerịta ihe ọmụma.

Iji nweta ọhụụ ahụ, IISD ahaziwo ọrụ ya gburugburu usoro a na-akpọ CREATE, nke na-akwado atụmatụ atụmatụ nke nzukọ ahụ ugbu a ruo 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/iisd-2020-2025-strategic-direction|title=Tomorrow Needs Us Today: IISD's 2020-2025 Strategic Direction|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogidi nke CREATE bụ ihu igwe, ihe onwunwe, akụ na ụba, ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, na itinye aka.

=== Ọnọdụ ihu igwe ===
Ọrụ ihu igwe nke IISD na-ekwu maka ogidi abụọ: mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe na mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe.

Ọrụ na mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ nke usoro IISD's Energy na-arụ, nke na-enyere gọọmentị aka ka ha na-amalite mgbanwe iwu ike iji nweta mgbanwe ziri ezi na akụ na ụba efu site na 2050, gụnyere site na mmụba nke isi mmalite ike na-agbanwe agbanwe na mmebi nke enyemaka mmanụ ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisd.org/topics/energy|title=Energy|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Usoro IISD's Energy bụkwa ebe obibi nke Global Subsidies Initiative, nke na-enye data, nyocha, na nghọta banyere mgbanwe nke enyemaka mmanụ ala na enyemaka azụ. Dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ IISD n'okpuru ogidi ihu igwe ya, IISD ga-eje ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ mbụ na-adịgide adịgide nke Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (BOGA). Gọọmentị mba na nke mba iri na abụọ mara ọkwa atụmatụ a na United Nations Climate Conference na Glasgow na Nọvemba 2021 ma nwee ebumnuche nke ịkwụsị mmepụta mmanụ na gas.

Ọrụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na-arụ site na mmemme Resilience nke IISD, nke na-arụ ọrụ n'inye ndị na-eme iwu ndụmọdụ banyere otu esi emeziwanye mba ha na-eguzogide ihe ize ndụ metụtara ihu igwe na ime mgbanwe ihu igwe. Usoro Resilience na-arụkwa ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, esemokwu, na iwu udo; otu nka nwere ike isi kwado omume mgbanwe ihu igwe dị irè; na otu gọọmentị nwere ike isi dozie mgbanwe ihu igwe na mgbanwe ihu igwe n'otu n'otu, kama iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisd.org/topics/environment-conflict-and-peacebuilding|title=Environment, Conflict and Peacebuilding|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na mmemme Resilience, IISD bụ odeakwụkwọ nke NAP Global Network.

=== Ihe onwunwe ===
Ọrụ IISD na-ekpuchi mpaghara atọ: ngalaba akụ na ụba nke igwupụta ihe na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-adaba n'okpuru ogidi akụ na ụba CREATE, na ahụike mmiri dị ọcha.

A na-ahazi ọrụ IISD na ọrụ ugbo gburugburu itinye ego na azụmaahịa. N'etiti ọrụ ndị ọzọ, IISD bụ otu n'ime ndị mmekọ na-akwado Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Network of Parliamentarians on Gender Equality and Investments in Agriculture and Food Security, tinyere Oxfam, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), na Women in Law &amp; Development in Africa (WiLDAF). IISD esorola International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) na Mahadum Cornell na-eme nchọpụta iji chọpụta ego a ga-eme iji kwụsị agụụ n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide site na 2030 na ntinye aka iwu nke nwere ike ịkwado izute ebumnuche ahụ, n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na Sustainable Development Goal 2.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ceres2030. &quot;Donors must double aid to end hunger – and spend it wisely.&quot;|url=https://ceres2030.org/shorthand_story/donors-must-double-aid-to-end-hunger-and-spend-it-wisely|accessdate=2023-08-13|archivedate=2022-05-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524175958/https://ceres2030.org/shorthand_story/donors-must-double-aid-to-end-hunger-and-spend-it-wisely/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye, ndị ọrụ ugbo nke IISD na-adụ gọọmentị ọdụ na iwu, nkwekọrịta, ụkpụrụ, na usoro iwu maka itinye ego n'ọrụ ugbo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisd.org/projects/advisory-and-capacity-development-services-legal-and-policy-frameworks-responsible|title=Advisory and Capacity Development Services on Legal and Policy Frameworks for Responsible Agriculture Investment|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ IISD na igwu ala, na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-elekọta odeakwụkwọ IGF, gụnyere nyocha, nyocha, na ọzụzụ na mbuze ụtụ isi na mgbanwe uru (BEPS) na ihe ọ pụtara maka mba ndị na-emepe emepe bara ọgaranya na ụtụ isi ha sitere na ngalaba igwu ala. N'etiti mpaghara ndị ọzọ, ọrụ a na-ekpuchi nkwekọrịta na-adịbeghị anya maka ụtụ isi kacha nta zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-ele anya na mmetụta ya n'ozuzu na nke ngalaba maka mba ndị na-emepe emepe.

Ọrụ IISD na mmiri dị ọcha na-ewere ọnọdụ n'okpuru mmemme mmiri ya, nke na-eme nchọpụta sayensị na mgbasa ozi iwu gbasara otu esi emeziwanye ahụike nke mmiri dị ọcha anyị n'ụwa niile. Site na mmemme mmiri ya, IISD bụ ebe obibi nke IISD Experimental Lakes Area, nke dị na Kenora, Ontario. Kemgbe afọ 2020, IISD na African Center for Aquatic Research and Education na-arụkọ ọrụ iji lelee otu esi edozi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na-emetụta Great Lakes nke Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisd.org/articles/scientists-two-continents-work-together-improve-health-african-great-lakes.|title=scientists-two-continents-work-together-improve-health-african-great-lakes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ===
Ọrụ akụ na ụba nke IISD na-achọ inye ndị na-eme iwu na ndị ọzọ na-etinye aka na usoro iwu na nyocha, nyocha, akụkọ akụkọ, na ọzụzụ iji nyere ha aka ịmepụta iwu, iwu, na usoro maka akụ na ụba ziri ezi, nke na-adịgide adịgide. Isiokwu ndị Economics nke IISD na-arụ ọrụ gụnyere iwu na iwu azụmahịa, iwu na iwu itinye ego mba ụwa, iwu na ụkpụrụ ụtụ isi mba ụwa, na ego na ịzụta ihe ndị na-adịgide adịgide.

Site n'ọrụ ya na akụrụngwa na-adịgide adịgide, IISD bụzi ebe obibi nke Nature-Based Infrastructure Global Resource Centre, nke e guzobere na 2021 na Global Environment Facility, MAVA Foundation, na United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nbi.iisd.org/|title=The Nature-Based Infrastructure Global Resource Centre|work=Nature-Based Infrastructure Global Resource Centre - staging}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mee Ihe Jikọrọ Aka ma Na-etinye Aka ===
Ogidi Act Together na Engage gafere mmemme ọrụ dị iche iche nke IISD ma bụrụkwa isi ihe ndị otu Tracking Progress nke IISD na-elekwasị anya. Nnyocha Ọganihu na-arụ ọrụ na nkwado obodo, ndị na-eme iwu n'ụlọ, na ndị na-ekpebi mkpebi mba ụwa na mbọ ha na-agba iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sdgs.un.org/goals|title=THE 17 GOALS &amp;#124; Sustainable Development|work=sdgs.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro Tracking Progress na-eme nchọpụta banyere ọchịchị gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ ma bụrụ ebe ọrụ IISD's Reporting Services, gụnyere Earth Negotiations Bulletin na SDG Knowledge Hub. Ihe omume ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ na obodo na ịmepụta saịtị &quot;Tracking-Progress&quot; iji nyochaa ọganihu ha iji mezuo ebumnuche nkwado, jikọtara ya na ihe ngosi maka ịtụle ọdịmma obodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tracking-progress.org/|title=Tracking-Progress.org|work=Tracking Progress}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na mmemme Tracking Progress, IISD bụ onye na-akpọkọta Geneva 2030 Ecosystem, yana [https://web.archive.org/web/20230812231948/https://www.sdglab.ch/ SDG] Lab nke UN Geneva[xv] (Ọfịs United Nations na Geneva) duziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sdglab.ch/geneva2030/community|title=Community|work=www.sdglab.ch|accessdate=2023-08-13|archivedate=2023-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921163343/https://www.sdglab.ch/geneva2030/community}}&lt;/ref&gt; Geneva 2030 Ecosystem na-arụ ọrụ iji guzobe mmekọrịta ma gbaa ume nyocha na mgbasa ozi n'etiti òtù dị iche iche na Geneva na-arụkọ ọrụ na ebumnuche mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.

IISD bụkwa onye otu ọtụtụ netwọk mba ụwa na-arụ ọrụ na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọfịs ya na Europe bụ akụkụ nke [https://www.ungeneva.org/en Geneva Environment Network] na Think Sustainable Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ieep.eu/news/think-sustainable-europe/|title=Think Sustainable Europe – IEEP AISBL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Ndị A Na-eme ==

=== IISD Ebe Ọdọ Mmiri Nnyocha ===
IISD Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA) bụ ụlọ nyocha nke nwere obere ọdọ mmiri 58 na mmiri ha echekwara maka nyocha sayensị. Site n'iji obere ọdọ mmiri ndị a mee ihe, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike nyochaa otu akụkụ niile nke gburugburu ebe obibi - site na ikuku ruo na ọnụ ọgụgụ azụ - si emeghachi omume. Nchọpụta sitere na nnwale ụwa ndị a na-abụkarị nke ziri ezi karịa nke sitere na nyocha a na-eme na obere, dịka na ụlọ nyocha. A na-eji nchọpụta ndị a eme ihe iji mee ka iwu mara ma na-ebipụta ya mgbe niile na akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị kachasị elu, gụnyere Nature.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=&quot;Experimental evidence for recovery of mercury-contaminated fish populations.&quot;|year=2022|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04222-7|author=Blanchfield|first=Paul J.|journal=Nature|volume=601|issue=7891|pages=74–78|pmid=34912113}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emeghere na 1968, Experimental Lakes Area bụ nke gọọmentị etiti Canada na-arụ ọrụ na mbụ. IISD weghaara ọrụ nke Experimental Lakes Area na 2014 mgbe ya na gọọmentị etiti Canada na gọọmentir Ontario bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CBC News. &quot;Experimental Lakes Area research station officially saved.&quot;|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/experimental-lakes-area-research-station-officially-saved-1.2594161}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbanwere aha saịtị ahụ ka ọ bụrụ IISD-ELA.

=== Ọrụ Akụkọ IISD ===
IISD Reporting Services (IISD-RS) na-enye mkpuchi onwe ya nke mbọ gọọmentị na-eme iwu metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, gụnyere akụkọ kwa ụbọchị, nyocha na foto nke gburugburu ebe obibi mba ụwa na mkparịta ụka mmepe na ihe omume. Akwụkwọ kachasị mma nke IISD Reporting Services, Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB), na-ezube inye akụkọ ziri ezi, n'oge na nke onwe ya nke ozi kwa ụbọchị gbasara mkparịta ụka gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.

E bipụtara Earth Negotiations Bulletin na mbụ n'oge nkwadebe maka 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), ma bipụta ya na ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka ndị na-esote kemgbe ahụ. IISD-RS na-akọkwa banyere ogbako na nzukọ mba ụwa nke na-achọ inye aka n'ime iwu gọọmentị ma na-elekọta ọtụtụ ntọala ihe ọmụma nke na-akọ banyere ọrụ ndị na-achọ itinye aka ma ọ bụ mejuputa mkpebi ndị e mere na ọkwa iwu gọọmentụ.

Usoro gọọmentị na-ekpuchi site na Earth Negotiations Bulletin gụnyere, mana ọ bụghị nanị na: Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD); United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); United United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD); United UN Forum on Forests; [[Ọgbakọ Otú United Nations Fremewok maka Ngbanwe Iru igwe|nkwekọrịta]] kemịkal ([[Stockholm]], Basel na Rotterdam); Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; nkwekọta on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CIT). Ihe ndekọ Earth Negotiations Bulletin na-ejikọta usoro niile na akụkọ ENB nke IISD RS kpuchiri.

=== National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Global Network ===
IISD na-akwado Secretariat maka [https://napglobalnetwork.org. NAP Global Network], nke ndị na-eme iwu na ndị na-arụ ọrụ si mba 11 na-emepe emepe na ndị mepere emepe malitere na Disemba 2014 &lt;ins&gt;n'oge ihe omume dị n'akụkụ&lt;/ins&gt; na United Nations Climate Conference na Lima, [[Peru]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Support/Pages/napglobalnetwork.aspx.|title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. &quot;NAP Global Network.&quot;|accessdate=2023-08-13|archivedate=2023-05-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511164423/https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Support/Pages/napglobalnetwork.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mkpebi a dabeere na nkwenye na [[Ọgbakọ Otú United Nations Fremewok maka Ngbanwe Iru igwe|usoro]] NAP nke ịmepụta atụmatụ mgbanwe mba (NAPs) maka mba iji doo onwe ha n'okpuru United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ga-achọ mkparịta ụka na nhazi na-aga n'ihu iji mee ka ma mụta ihe site na ụzọ, ahụmịhe, na mmemme nke ibe ha. NAP Global Network na-ezube ịkwalite atụmatụ na ime ihe nke mba na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na nhazi nke nkwado abụọ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na mba. Netwọk ahụ na-emekwa ka mmụta na mgbanwe nke ndị ọgbọ mba ụwa dị mfe. Ọ na-ejikọta ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ụlọ ọrụ na-anọchite anya ndị na-eme mgbanwe mba na ụlọ ọrụ mmepe mba abụọ.

=== Nzukọ gọọmentị na-ahụ maka igwupụta ihe, mineral, metal na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide (IGF) ===
E guzobere nzukọ Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development na-esote 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ gọọmentị Canada na South Africa guzobere ya na 2005 iji mee ka Global Dialogue on Mining / Metals and Sustainable Development.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://unctad.org/meeting/2012-agm-igf-mining-minerals-metals-and-sustainable-development|title=2012 Annual General Meeting of the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development|work=UNCTAD}}&lt;/ref&gt; IISD ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ IGF site na Ọktoba 2015. Onye nduzi nke IGF ugbu a bụ Greg Radford, onye a họpụtara n'ọkwa ahụ na 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisd.org/articles/iisd-welcomes-greg-radford-director-secretariat-sustainable-mining-initiative.|title=IISD - welcomes-greg-radford-director-secretariat-sustainable-mining-initiative|accessdate=2023-08-13|archivedate=2021-03-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316231327/https://www.iisd.org/articles/iisd-welcomes-greg-radford-director-secretariat-sustainable-mining-initiative}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IGF nwere ihe karịrị ndị otu 75 ma na-enwe Nzukọ Ezumezu ya kwa afọ (AGM) n'ọnwa Ọktoba ọ bụla, na-eme ka ndị nnọchiteanya, ndị ọrụ otu gọọmentị, ndị otu obodo, na ndị ọkà mmụta maka ọtụtụ ụbọchị nke nnọkọ na igwu ala na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.igfmining.org/member/|title=Members Archive|work=Intergovernmental Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu ọrịa COVID-19, e mere AGM na Palais des Nations na Geneva, Switzerland, na mmekorita ya na United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Kemgbe afọ 2020, a na-eme AGM n'ụzọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.igfmining.org/event/16th-annual-general-meeting/|title=IGF 16th Annual General Meeting|work=Intergovernmental Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ebe Ihe Ọmụma SDG ===
SDG Knowledge Hub bụ ''ebe'' ntanetị maka akụkọ na nkọwa gbasara mmejuputa nke United Nations &quot; 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals.

A malitere SDG Knowledge Hub n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2016 ma nwee akụkọ, nkọwa mbụ sitere n'aka ndị ọkachamara IISD, na isiokwu ndị ọbịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalcompactnetwork.org/en/news/ungcn-italy-news/1325-sdg-knowledge-hub-the-first-online-platform-on-sdgs.html|title=SDG Knowledge Hub: the first online platform on SDGs - UN Global Compact Network Italia|work=www.globalcompactnetwork.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; SDG Knowledge Hub na-enyekwa kalenda nke ihe omume ndị na-abịanụ metụtara 2030 Agenda.

Mgbasa ozi Hub banyere 2030 Agenda na-agbaso mbọ ndị a na-eme na mpaghara a na ọkwa ọchịchị niile, site na obodo ruo na ndị otu gọọmentị. Akụkọ ya na-enyocha otu ndị na-eme ihe nkiri a si achụso ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, yana ihe ịma aka ha na-eche ihu na ohere maka imekọ ihe ọnụ dị. Ọ na-achọkwa idozi ọnọdụ maka mkparịta ụka post-2030.

=== Ọnọdụ nke Sustainability Initiatives (SSI) ===
State of Sustainability Initiatives (SSI) na-enye nyocha miri emi na ọrụ ndụmọdụ iji kwado mmepụta na oriri na-adịgide adịgide, na-elekwasị anya na ngalaba ngwaahịa ugbo. Ọ na-eme nke a site n'inyocha njirimara na arụmọrụ nke ụkpụrụ nkwado afọ ofufo (VSSs) dịka Fairtrade, Rainforest Alliance, na UTZ, na ebumnuche nke ịkwalite ịdị irè ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.iisd.org/ssi/|work=State of Sustainability Initiatives}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe owuwu dabeere na okike (NBI) Global Resource Centre ===
NBI Global Resource Centre malitere na 2021 site na IISD, tinyere Global Environment Facility, MAVA Foundation, na United Nations Industrial Development Organization. IISD na-eje ozi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-eme ihe maka Ụlọ Ọrụ ahụ.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-eme nyocha 40 nke ọrụ NBI n'ime afọ anọ mbụ nke ọrụ ya, na nyocha na-ele anya n'otú ọrụ ndị a si arụ ọrụ n'oge ndụ ha niile ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọdịnala, ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ. Nnyocha ahụ ga-eji IISD's Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi), usoro nke na-agwakọta usoro usoro na nhazi ego. A haziri njikọta a iji nye nyocha zuru oke nke na-enyocha arụmọrụ ọrụ ọ bụghị naanị na ihe ngosi ego, kamakwa site na akaụntụ maka ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba, na ọchịchị na ihe ndị ọzọ. Gụnyere ihe ize ndụ ndị a na mpụga na-enye ohere maka ịme ihe n'ọnọdụ ụwa n'ezie na onyinye ọrụ ndị a ga-enye na gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba, na ebumnuche ọchịchị.

Tinyere nyocha ọrụ 40 ndị a, Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-enwekwa nchekwa data ọha na eze na-emekọrịta ihe iji kwado ndị na-eme iwu na ndị na-etinye ego dịka ha na-eme nyocha nke ha, yana nnukwu usoro ntanetị (MOOC).

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230417125059/https://www.azimuthproject.org/azimuth/show/International+Institute+for+Sustainable+Development Azimuth Project IISD Profile]
* [http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/IISD.html Mahadum Pennsylvania - African Studies Center: IISD Special Report]
* [http://www.newswise.com/articles/iisd-s-enb-marks-20-years-of-world-leading-coverage-of-earth-negotiations-and-meetings Earth Negotiations Bulletin Celebrates 20th Anniversary]
* [http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/ramsar-wetland-convention-meeting-in-korea-getting-the-news-from-international-conferences.html Treehugger.com - Nzukọ Nzukọ Ramsar Wetland na Korea: Ịnweta Akụkọ Site na Nzukọ Mba Nile]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160317002734/http://panos.org.uk/2012/03/05/earth-summits-special-correspondent/ Panos London Blog - Onye nta akụkọ pụrụ iche nke Earth Summit]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220208010400/https://www.fastinternational.org/ &quot;Nkwekọrịta ego maka Azụmaahịa Na-adịgide Adịgide&quot;]
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{{Series overview|color1=#8DC4A5|link1=#Season 1 (2021)|episodes1=10|start1={{Start date|2021|9|28}}|end1={{End date|2021|11|30}}|color2=#90A3C3|link2=#Season 2 (2022–23)|episodes2=14|start2={{Start date|2022|9|27}}|end2={{End date|2023|2|28}}}}'''''La Brea''''' bụ usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn sayensị nke America nke malitere na NBC na Septemba 28, 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;SeriesOrder&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/american-auto-grand-crew-comedy-pilots-la-brea-drama-picked-up-series-nbc-1234653554/|title='American Auto' &amp; 'Grand Crew' Comedy Pilots, 'La Brea' Drama Picked Up To Series By NBC|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Nellie|author=Andreeva|date=January 12, 2021|accessdate=January 12, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SeriesPremiere&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/07/nbc-sets-fall-premiere-dates-ordinary-joe-la-brea-chicago-law-order-the-blacklist-thursdays-1234793922/|title=NBC Sets Fall Premiere Dates: New 'Ordinary Joe', 'La Brea', Returning 'Chicago', 'Law &amp; Order'; 'The Blacklist' Moves To Thursdays|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Denise|author=Petski|date=July 15, 2021|accessdate=July 15, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro ahụ, nke Keshet Studios na Universal Television mepụtara, bụ nke David Appelbaum mepụtara ma mepụta. Usoro ahụ nwetara nyocha dị iche iche site n'aka ndị nkatọ. N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, e megharịrị usoro ahụ maka oge nke abụọ nke malitere na Septemba 27, 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;S2Renewal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/la-brea-renewed-season-2-nbc-1234873058/|title='La Brea' Renewed For Season 2 At NBC|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Peter|author=White|date=November 12, 2021|accessdate=November 12, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;S2Premiere&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/nbc-fall-premiere-dates-2022-quantum-leap-lopez-vs-lopez-1235054298/|title=NBC Sets Fall Premiere Dates: New 'Quantum Leap' &amp; 'Lopez Vs. Lopez', Return Of 'Chicago' &amp; 'Law &amp; Order' Shows, More|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Erik|author=Pedersen|date=June 29, 2022|accessdate=June 29, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị 2023, e megharịrị usoro ahụ maka oge nke atọ nke ihe omume 6.&lt;ref name=&quot;S3Renewal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/la-brea-renewed-season-3-nbc-1235245683/|title='La Brea' Renewed For Season 3 At NBC|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Katie|author=Campione|date=January 31, 2023|accessdate=January 31, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwa ==
Na mbido afọ 2020, nnukwu olulu mmiri meghere n'etiti [[Los Angeles]] na saịtị La Brea Tar Pits na Wilshire Boulevard. A na-adọta ọtụtụ narị mmadụ, ụgbọala na ụlọ (gụnyere Petersen Automotive Museum) n'ime omimi ya. Ndị lanarịrịnụ na-ahụ onwe ha n'ime ala dị omimi ma dị ize ndụ ebe ha ga-ejikọ ọnụ iji dịrị ndụ. Ihe ngosi ahụ na-eso Eve Harris, Gavin Harris, Izzy Harris, na Josh Harris bụ ndị ihe omume kewara ma na-anwa ịbịakọta. Gavin nwere ọhụụ na-enye ọhụụ nke oge na ebe Iv na Josh nọ. Olulu mmiri na mpụta mberede nke ''Teratornis'' dọtara uche nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo nke United States bụ ndị na-amụ ihe omume yiri nke ahụ na Mojave Desert. Ka usoro ahụ na-aga n'ihu, ndị nyocha ahụ ghọtara na sinkholes na-enye ọnụ ụzọ nwa oge n'otu ebe ahụ na 10,000 BC. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị lanarịrịnụ na-agba mbọ ịchọta ụzọ azụ site na ọnụ ụzọ mbata tupu ọ mechie.

Oge nke abụọ kpughere na ọ bụ Lazarọs Project nke ndị mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ site na 2076 kpatara sinkholes ahụ bụ ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike ịchọta ụzọ ha ga-esi dozie ihe onwunwe oge ha gwụrụ yana nyocha otu esi achịkwa mkpochapụ. Onye isi ọrụ Lazarọs bụ nna Gavin furu efu James Mallet.

== Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==

=== Isi ===

* Natalie Zea dị ka Eve Harris, nne helikopta na onye njikwa ọfịs nke dabara n'ime olulu mmiri, nne Izzy na Josh.
* Eoin Macken dị ka Gavin Harris, di nke Eve na onye bụbu onye na-anya ụgbọelu agha nke nwere ọhụụ nke 10,000 BC. 
** Diesel La Torraca gosipụtara Isaiah, nwata nwoke n'oge gara aga nke tolitere ịghọ Gavin Harris mgbe e zigara ya n'oge
* [[Chiké Okonkwo]] dị ka Ty Coleman, onye na-agwọ ọrịa nwere ọnọdụ ahụike nke Eve na-emete enyi
* Karina Logue dị ka Marybeth Hill (oge 1), onye uwe ojii si Baton Rouge, [[Luwisiánà|Louisiana]], onye nọ na Los Angeles mgbe ọ na-eso nwa ya nwoke Lucas. Otu n'ime ndị na-eso ụzọ Silas mechara merụọ ya ahụ nke ukwuu ma nwụọ n'aka Lucas.
* Zyra Gorecki dị ka Izzy Harris, nwa nwanyị Eve na Gavin dị afọ iri na ụma nke tụfuru ụkwụ aka ekpe ya n'ihe mberede ụgbọala mgbe onye agbata obi na-akwọ ya n'ụlọ
* Jack Martin dị ka Josh Harris, nwa nwoke dị afọ iri na ụma nke Eve na Gavin nke dabara n'ime olulu mmiri
* Veronica St. Clair dị ka Riley Velez, nwa nwanyị Dr. Sam Velez onye Josh na-emete enyi
* Rohan Mirchandaney dị ka Scott Israni, nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na anthropology si Australia nke na-arụ ọrụ na George C. Page Museum ma bụrụ onye na-eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe ntụrụndụ nke na-eji wii wii iji belata nchegbu ya.
* Lily Santiago dị ka Veronica Castillo, nwa agbọghọ na-ekpe okpukpe na onye bụbu onye gbapụrụ agbapụ nke nwere mmetụta dị njọ mgbe ajọ anụ ọhịa wolf gburu nna ya Aaron, ọ bụ ezie na e mechara kpughee na Aaron tọọrọ ya mgbe ọ bụ nwatakịrị.
* Chloe De Los Santos dị ka Lilly Castillo (oge 1), nwa agbọghọ na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwu okwu ma tụgharịa dị ka nwanne nwanyị Veronica mgbe Veronica na Aaron tọọrọ ya n'ezie. 
** Michelle Vergara Moore dị ka Ella Jones (oge 2; oge na-aga n'ihu 1), ụdị Lilly toro eto nke sochiri Isaiah ruo ugbu a ma too ghọọ onye na-ese ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carmelo/Moore Series Regulars&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/la-brea-tonantzin-carmelo-michelle-vergara-moore-series-regulars-season-2-1235021430|title='La Brea': Tonantzin Carmelo and Michelle Vergara Moore Upped To Series Regulars For Season 2/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|author=Cordero|first=Rosy|date=May 12, 2022|accessdate=May 12, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara chụọ ndụ ya n'àjà iji kwe ka Veronica nwee Epipen mgbe ha abụọ na-ata ha abụọ na yellowjackets na-egbu egbu.
* Jon Seda dị ka Dr. Sam Velez, nna Riley, dọkịta, na onye bụbu SEAL
* Josh McKenzie dị ka Lucas Hayes, nwa nwoke Marybeth nke na-anọpụ iche bụ onye na-ere ahịa heroin ma nwee mmekọrịta ọjọọ na nne ya kemgbe ọ gbagburu nna ya n'ihi na ọ na-eme atụmatụ ịrara nwa ha nye ndị uwe ojii iji zọpụta onwe ya.
* Nicholas Gonzalez dị ka Levi Delgado, onye na-anya ụgbọelu United States Air Force na enyi ochie nke ezinụlọ Harris na onye na-asọ mpi maka nwunye Gavin, Eve, ịhụnanya.
* Tonantzin Carmelo dị ka Paara (oge 2; oge na-aga n'ihu 1), onye American Tongva nke na-asụ Bekee nke oge a zuru oke ma na-ebi na Fort&lt;ref name=&quot;Carmelo/Moore Series Regulars&quot; /&gt;

=== Ịlọghachi ===

* Ione Skye dị ka Jessica Harris (oge 1), nwanne nwanyị nkuchi Gavin na nwanne nne Izzy na Josh
* Virginie Laverdure dị ka Dr. Sophia Nathan (oge 1), onye ọrụ Ngalaba Nchebe nke United States nke na-enyocha olulu mmiri ahụ
* Toby Truslove dị ka Senior Agent Adam Markman, onye ọrụ nke United States Department of Defense na onye ọrụ ibe Dr. Nathan nke na-enyocha olulu mmiri ahụ
* [[Pacharo Mzembe]] dị ka Tony Greene (oge 1), nwoke dara n'olulu mmiri. Mgbe ọ nọ na 10,000 BC, ọ na-arụzi Jeep.
* Stephen Lopez dị ka Billy Fisher (oge 1), di Tony nke dara n'olulu mmiri wee tụfuo enyo anya ya
* Damien Fotiou dị ka Juda
* Ming-Zhu Hii dị ka Dr. Rebecca Aldridge (oge 1-2), onye ọkà mmụta sayensị gọọmentị nke maara ihe banyere ọnụ ụzọ oge na sinkholes karịa ka ọ na-ekwe ka ọ na onye yiri ka ọ na - na-eduzi ma ọ bụ na-emetụta omume na mkpebi ndị ọzọ mere
* Mark Lee dị ka Silas, agadi nwoke bi n'ogige ahụ na 10,000 BC onye a mara dị ka nna nna Isaiah na nna Caroline na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nna nna Izzy na Josh
* Martin Sensmeier dị ka Taamet (oge nke abụọ), onye ndú nke ndị a chụpụrụ achụpụ nke na-asụkwa asụsụ Tongva n'ihi na ọ bụ di mbụ nke Paara.&lt;ref name=&quot;MartinS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/la-brea-martin-sensmeier-season-2-cast-nbc-series-1235124772/|title='La Brea': Martin Sensmeier Joins Season 2 Cast Of NBC Series|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Rosy|author=Cordero|date=September 22, 2022|accessdate=September 22, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu ọ nwụọ site na ọnyá mma Scott kpatara, Taamet gwara Gavin na Sam na Kiera goro ya ka ọ wakpo akwụkwọ ahụ e kpughere na Aaron nwere.
* Jonno Roberts dị ka James Mallet (oge nke abụọ), onye nduzi nke Lazarus Project site na 2076 onye bụ nna Gavin furu efu ogologo oge na nna nna Izzy na Josh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roberts recurring&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/07/la-brea-jonno-roberts-season-2-nbc-series-1235063742/|title='La Brea': Jonno Roberts Joins Season 2 Of NBC Series|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Denise|author=Petski|date=July 15, 2022|accessdate=July 15, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu ọ nwụọ site na mmerụ ahụ ya n'oge ya na Gavin na-alụ ọgụ, James dụrụ Gavin ọdụ ka ọ gwa nwanne ya nwanyị, onye ga-abịa maka ya, na nna ha adaala.
* Melissa Neal dị ka Caroline Clark (oge nke abụọ), onye ọkà mmụta sayensị sitere na 2076 bụ nwa nwanyị Silas, nne Isaiah / Gavin, na nne nne Josh na Izzy. Caroline bụ onye bụbu onye ndú nke Lazarọs Project onye laghachiri / gaa n'ihu n'oge na 1988 iji chọta ihe kpatara ya na ịkwụsị okike nke sinkholes na-ebibi ihe nke e kere dị ka mmetụta na-achọghị site na iji ọnụ ụzọ Lazarọs Project na 10,000 BC. Kiera mechara gbuo ya.
* Simone McAullay dị ka Kiera, onye otu Lazarus Project na onye na-enyere James aka na atụmatụ nke ya

== Ihe omume ==

=== Nchịkọta usoro ===
{{Episode table|background=#8DC4A5|overall=5|season=5|title=18|titleR=|director=14|writer=24|airdate=18|airdateR=|country=U.S.|viewers=9|episodes={{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 1
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 1
 |Title           = Pilot
 |DirectedBy      = [[Thor Freudenthal]]
 |WrittenBy       = David Appelbaum
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|9|28}}
 |Viewers         = 6.37&lt;ref name=&quot;1.01&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-9-28-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals: 9.28.2021 Updated|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=September 29, 2021|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=September 29, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=October 14, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014075800/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-9-28-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 8DC4A5
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 2
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 2
 |Title           = Day Two
 |DirectedBy      = [[Cherie Nowlan]]
 |WrittenBy       = David Appelbaum
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|5}}
 |Viewers         = 5.05&lt;ref name=&quot;1.02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-5-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals: 10.5.2021 Updated|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=October 6, 2021|work=[[Showbuzz Daily]]|access-date=October 6, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=October 7, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007140838/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-5-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 8DC4A5
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 3
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 3
 |Title           = The Hunt
 |DirectedBy      = [[Adam Davidson (director)|Adam Davidson]]
 |WrittenBy       = [[Jose Molina (writer)|Jose Molina]]
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|12}}
 |Viewers         = 5.06&lt;ref name=&quot;1.03&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-cbs-and-nbc-share-leadership-respectable-week-3-performance-for-nbcs-la-brea/|title=Tuesday Ratings: CBS and NBC Share Leadership; Respectable Week 3 Performance for NBC's 'La Brea'|first=Marc|last=Berman|work=Programming Insider|date=October 13, 2021|accessdate=November 7, 2021|archivedate=April 9, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409053651/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-cbs-and-nbc-share-leadership-respectable-week-3-performance-for-nbcs-la-brea/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 8DC4A5
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 4
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 4
 |Title           = The New Arrival
 |DirectedBy      = Thor Freudenthal
 |WrittenBy       = Zakiyyah Alexander
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|19}}
 |Viewers         = 5.12&lt;ref name=&quot;1.04&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-19-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals: 10.19.2021 Updated|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=October 20, 2021|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=October 20, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=October 20, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020202011/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-19-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 8DC4A5
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 5
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 5
 |Title           = The Fort
 |DirectedBy      = [[Greg McLean (film director)|Greg McLean]]
 |WrittenBy       = Arika Lisanne Mittman
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|26}}
 |Viewers         = 5.20&lt;ref name=&quot;1.05&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-26-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals: 10.26.2021 Updated|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=October 27, 2021|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=October 27, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 7, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107201324/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-26-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 8DC4A5
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 6
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 6
 |Title           = The Way Home
 |DirectedBy      = Adam Davidson
 |WrittenBy       = Steven Lilien &amp; Bryan Wynbrandt
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|11|2}}
 |Viewers         = 4.03&lt;ref name=&quot;1.06&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-2-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals: 11.2.2021 Updated|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=November 3, 2021|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=November 3, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=April 22, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422224736/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-2-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 8DC4A5
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 7
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 7
 |Title           = The Storm
 |DirectedBy      = Thor Freudenthal
 |WrittenBy       = Aiyana White
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|11|9}}
 |Viewers         = 4.70&lt;ref name=&quot;1.07&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-9-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals: 11.9.2021 Updated|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=November 10, 2021|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=November 10, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 11, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111013856/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-9-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 8DC4A5
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 8
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 8
 |Title           = Origins
 |DirectedBy      = Cherie Nowlan
 |WrittenBy       = Jessica Granger &amp; Andre Edmonds
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|11|16}}
 |Viewers         = 4.67&lt;ref name=&quot;1.08&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-16-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals: 11.16.2021 Updated|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=November 17, 2021|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=November 17, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 17, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117211815/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-16-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 8DC4A5
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 9
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 9
 |Title           = Father and Son
 |DirectedBy      = Thor Freudenthal
 |WrittenBy       = Arika Lisanne Mittman
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|11|23}}
 |Viewers         = 4.33&lt;ref name=&quot;1.09&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-23-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals: 11.23.2021 Updated|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=November 24, 2021|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=November 24, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124211512/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-23-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 8DC4A5
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 10
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 10
 |Title           = Topanga 
 |DirectedBy      = Adam Davidson
 |WrittenBy       = David Appelbaum
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|11|30}}
 |Viewers         = 4.94&lt;ref name=&quot;1.10&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-30-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals: 11.30.2021 Updated|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=December 1, 2021|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=December 2, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=May 14, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514003737/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-30-2021-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals-to-come.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 8DC4A5
}}}}

=== Oge 1 (2021) ===
{{Episode table|background=#90A3C3|overall=5|season=5|title=18|titleR=&lt;ref name=&quot;TFC&quot;/&gt;|director=14|writer=24|airdate=18|airdateR=&lt;ref name=&quot;TFC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/showatch/la-brea/listings/|title=Shows A-Z - la brea on nbc|website=[[The Futon Critic]]|access-date=February 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;|country=U.S.|viewers=9|episodes={{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 11
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 1
 |Title           = The Next Day
 |DirectedBy      = [[Adam Davidson (director)|Adam Davidson]]
 |WrittenBy       = David Appelbaum &amp; Steven Lilien &amp; Bryan Wynbrandt
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|9|27}}
 |Viewers         = 3.86&lt;ref name=&quot;2.01&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-quiet-start-for-the-rookie-feds-on-abc-newbie-monarch-slips-further-on-fox/ |title=Tuesday Ratings: Quiet Start for 'The Rookie: Feds' on ABC; Newbie 'Monarch' Slips Further on Fox |last=Berman |first=Marc |date=September 28, 2022 |work=Programming Insider |access-date=December 2, 2022 |accessdate=August 19, 2023 |archivedate=October 18, 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018160601/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-quiet-start-for-the-rookie-feds-on-abc-newbie-monarch-slips-further-on-fox/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 12
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 2
 |Title           = The Cave
 |DirectedBy      = Adam Davidson
 |WrittenBy       = [[Rob Wright (writer)|Rob Wright]]
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|4}}
 |Viewers         = 3.90&lt;ref name=&quot;2.02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-4-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Tuesday 10.4.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals Updated|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=October 5, 2022|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=October 5, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=October 5, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005200736/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-4-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 13
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 3
 |Title           = The Great Escape
 |DirectedBy      = [[David Barrett (director)|David M. Barrett]]
 |WrittenBy       = Arika Lisanne Mittman
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|11}}
 |Viewers         = 3.54&lt;ref name=&quot;2.03&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-11-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Tuesday 10.11.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals Updated|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=October 12, 2022|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=October 12, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=October 17, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017085201/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-11-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 14
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 4
 |Title           = The Fog
 |DirectedBy      = [[Ron Underwood]]
 |WrittenBy       = Andre Edmonds
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|18}}
 |Viewers         = 3.38&lt;ref name=&quot;2.04&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-18-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Tuesday 10.18.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals Updated|last=Metcalf|first=Mitch|date=October 19, 2022|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=October 19, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=October 20, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020000710/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-18-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 15
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 5
 |Title           = The Heist
 |DirectedBy      = David M. Barrett
 |WrittenBy       = Jessica Granger
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|25}}
 |Viewers         = 3.47&lt;ref name=&quot;2.05&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-25-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Tuesday 10.25.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals Updated|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=October 26, 2022|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=October 26, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=October 27, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027033841/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-10-25-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 16
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 6
 |Title           = Lazarus
 |DirectedBy      = Adam Davidson
 |WrittenBy       = Bisanne Masoud
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|1}}
 |Viewers         = 3.47&lt;ref name=&quot;2.06&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-1-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Tuesday 11.1.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals Updated|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=November 2, 2022|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=November 2, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 3, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103004040/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-1-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 17
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 7
 |Title           = 1988
 |DirectedBy      = Dan Liu
 |WrittenBy       = Erica Meredith
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|15}}
 |Viewers         = 3.31&lt;ref name=&quot;2.07&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-11-14-2022-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Tuesday 11.14.2022 Top 150 Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals Updated|last=Salem|first=Mitch|date=November 15, 2022|work=Showbuzz Daily|access-date=November 15, 2022}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 18
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 8
 |Title           = Stampede
 |DirectedBy      = [[Christine Moore (director)|Christine Moore]]
 |WrittenBy       = [[Russel Friend]]
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|1|31}}
 |Viewers         = 2.20&lt;ref name=&quot;2.08–2.09&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-soft-return-for-nbcs-la-brea-another-solid-showing-for-the-peacock-nets-night-court-reboot/|title=Tuesday Ratings: Soft Return for NBC's 'La Brea'; Another Solid Showing for the Peacock Net's 'Night Court' Reboot|work=Programming Insider|first=Marc|last=Berman|date=February 1, 2023|access-date=February 1, 2023|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=February 2, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202212928/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-soft-return-for-nbcs-la-brea-another-solid-showing-for-the-peacock-nets-night-court-reboot/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 19
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 9
 |Title           = Murder in the Clearing
 |DirectedBy      = [[Nick Gomez]]
 |WrittenBy       = Peter Beals &amp; Onalee Hunter Hughes
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|1|31}}
 |Viewers         = 2.02&lt;ref name=&quot;2.08–2.09&quot;/&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 20
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 10
 |Title           = The Return
 |DirectedBy      = [[Greg McLean (film director)|Greg McLean]]
 |WrittenBy       = Rob Wright
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|2|14}}
 |Viewers         = 2.12&lt;ref name=&quot;2.10&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-2-14-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Tuesday 2.14.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals Updated|work=Showbuzz Daily|first=Mitch|last=Metcalf|date=February 15, 2023|access-date=February 15, 2023|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=February 15, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215223222/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-2-14-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 21
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 11
 |Title           = The Wedding
 |DirectedBy      = Tara Miele
 |WrittenBy       = [[Jerome Schwartz]]
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|2|21}}
 |Viewers         = 1.98&lt;ref name=&quot;2.11–2.12&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-2-21-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Tuesday 2.21.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals Updated|work=Showbuzz Daily|first=Mitch|last=Salem|date=February 23, 2023|access-date=February 23, 2023|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=February 23, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223154629/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-2-21-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 22
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 12
 |Title           = The Swarm
 |DirectedBy      = [[Rose Troche]]
 |WrittenBy       = Christopher Hollier
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|2|21}}
 |Viewers         = 1.72&lt;ref name=&quot;2.11–2.12&quot;/&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 23
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 13
 |Title           = The Journey, Part 1
 |DirectedBy      = [[Cherie Nowlan]]
 |WrittenBy       = David Appelbaum
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|2|28}}
 |Viewers         = 1.92&lt;ref name=&quot;2.13–2.14&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-2-28-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html|title=ShowBuzzDaily's Tuesday 2.28.2023 Top 150 Cable Originals &amp; Network Finals Updated|work=Showbuzz Daily|first=Mitch|last=Metcalf|date=March 1, 2023|access-date=March 1, 2023|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=March 1, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301212551/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-tuesday-2-28-2023-top-150-cable-originals-network-finals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}
{{Episode list
 |EpisodeNumber   = 24
 |EpisodeNumber2  = 14
 |Title           = The Journey, Part 2
 |DirectedBy      = Adam Davidson
 |WrittenBy       = David Appelbaum
 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|2|28}}
 |Viewers         = 1.77&lt;ref name=&quot;2.13–2.14&quot;/&gt;
 |ShortSummary    = &lt;!-- Episode summaries must be expressed in your own words. Do NOT submit content you find from another web site as it is plagiarism and likely a copyright violation, which Wikipedia cannot accept and will be removed or reverted. Superficially modifying copyrighted content or closely paraphrasing it, even if the source is cited, still constitutes a copyright violation. Summaries should be about 100 to 200 words in length, per MOS:TVPLOT, and those substantially less than 100 words are most likely to be scrutinized for possible copyright violation. --&gt;
 |LineColor       = 90A3C3
}}}}{{Television season ratings|link1=#Season 1 (2021)|timeslot1=Tuesday 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/showatch/la-brea/listings/|title=Shows A-Z - la brea on nbc |website=[[The Futon Critic]]|access-date=July 4, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;|timeslot_length1=2|episodes1=10|start1={{Start date|2021|09|28}}|startrating1=6.37&lt;ref name=&quot;1.01&quot;/&gt;|end1={{End date|2021|11|30}}|endrating1=4.94&lt;ref name=&quot;1.10&quot;/&gt;|season1=2021–22|link2=#Season 2 (2022–23)|episodes2=14|start2={{Start date|2022|09|27}}|startrating2=3.86&lt;ref name=&quot;2.01&quot;/&gt;|end2={{Start date|2023|02|28}}|endrating2=1.77&lt;ref name=&quot;2.13–2.14&quot;/&gt;|season2=2022–23}}

=== Oge nke Abụọ (2022-23) ===
{{Infobox television|image= |genre={{Plainlist|
* [[Science fiction]]
* [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
}}|creator=David Appelbaum|starring={{Plainlist|
* [[Natalie Zea]]
* [[Eoin Macken]]
* [[Chiké Okonkwo]]
* Karina Logue
* Zyra Gorecki
* Jack Martin
* [[Veronica St. Clair]]
* Rohan Mirchandaney
* Lily Santiago
* Chloe De Los Santos
* [[Jon Seda]]
* Josh McKenzie
* [[Nicholas Gonzalez]]
* [[Tonantzin Carmelo]]
* [[Michelle Vergara Moore]]
&lt;!-- Starring cast order is according to original broadcasting credits (the pilot episode). Do NOT rearrange cast order, per [[MOS:TVCAST]]. In addition, new starring cast members will be at the bottom of the list. --&gt;
}}|music=[[James S. Levine]]|country=United States|language=English|num_seasons=2&lt;!--Only increment as a new season premieres, per the documentation of the template.--&gt;|num_episodes=24&lt;!--Only increment as a new episode premieres, per the documentation of the template.--&gt;|list_episodes=|executive_producer={{Plainlist|
* [[Ken Woodruff]]
* Arika Lisanne Mittman
* [[Thor Freudenthal]]
* [[Adam Davidson (director)|Adam Davidson]]
* [[Avi Nir]]
* [[Alon Shtruzman]]
* [[Peter Traugott]]
* Rachel Kaplan
* Steven Lilien &amp; Bryan Wynbrandt
* David Appelbaum
* Christopher Hollier
}}|producer={{Plainlist|
* Asher Landay
* Livia Hanich
* Naomi Cleaver
* Zakiyyah Alexander
* John Mabry
* Stu Wood
* Jessica Granger
* Andre Edmonds
* Jeff Rafner
* Sam Thompson
}}|location=[[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]]|cinematography={{Plainlist|
* Mark Wareham
* Damian Wyvill
* Dan Maxwell
}}|editor={{Plainlist|
* Harry B. Miller III 
* Angie Higgins
* Leland Sexton
* Julie-Anne De Ruvo
* Dave Redman
* Michael Melis
* Ben Joss
* Peter Carrodus
* Katrina Barker
}}|camera=|runtime=43 minutes|company={{Plainlist|
* [[Matchbox Pictures]]
* [[Keshet International#Keshet Studios|Keshet Studios]]
* Bad Apple
* [[Universal Television]]
}}|network=[[NBC]]|first_aired={{Start date|2021|9|28}}|last_aired={{End date|present}}}}

== Mmepụta ==

=== Ọganihu ===
Na Jenụwarị 15, 2020, NBC nyere ''La Brea'' iwu ka ọ bụrụ onye na-anya ụgbọelu. Ọ bụ Thor Freudenthal duziri onye na-anya ụgbọelu ahụ ma David Appelbaum dere ya bụ onye a tụrụ anya na ọ ga-arụ ọrụ na Avi Nir, Alon Shtruzman, Peter Traugott, Ken Woodruff na Rachel Kaplan. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe metụtara usoro ahụ bụ Keshet Studios na Universal Television.&lt;ref name=&quot;cast1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/michael-raymond-james-star-la-brea-karina-logue-zyra-gorecki-cast-1202864790/|title=Michael Raymond-James To Star In NBC Drama Pilot 'La Brea', Karina Logue &amp; Zyra Gorecki Also Cast|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Denise|author=Petski|date=February 20, 2020|accessdate=January 12, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/la-brea-drama-david-appelbaum-keshet-studios-nbc-pilot-order-1202831954/|title='La Brea' Drama Pilot From David Appelbaum &amp; Keshet Studios Gets NBC Pilot Order|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Denise|author=Petski|date=January 15, 2020|accessdate=January 12, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị 12, 2021, NBC nyere mmepụta usoro maka oge izizi nke iri. Ọ bụ Appelbaum kere usoro ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SeriesOrder&quot;/&gt; Na Nọvemba 12, 2021, NBC megharịrị usoro ahụ maka oge nke abụọ nke iri na anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;S2Renewal&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;S2totalepisodes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tvline.com/2022/02/22/la-brea-season-2-more-episodes/|title=''La Brea'' Season 2 Gets Supersized — However There Just Might Be a 'Catch'|work=TVLine|first=Matt Webb|author=Mitovich|date=February 22, 2022|accessdate=February 22, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị 31, 2023, NBC megharịrị usoro ahụ maka oge nke atọ nke isii, mgbe a na-enye ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ka a tọhapụ ha na ihe ngosi ahụ iji gbanwere oge dị mkpirikpi a ga-akwụ ụgwọ, ma nabata onyinye ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;S3Renewal&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/la-brea-canceled-end-season-3-episode-count-nbc-networks-strike-contingency-1235245795/|title=NBC's 'La Brea' Likely To End With Abbreviated Season 3 As Networks Start Building Strike Contingency|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Nellie|author=Andreeva|date=January 31, 2023|accessdate=February 4, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nchịkọta ===
Na Febụwarị 2020, a mgbaàmà Michael Raymond-James, Karina Logue, Zyra Gorecki, Caleb Ruminer, Angel Parker, Catherine Dent, Veronica St. Clair, Jag Bal, na Chiké Okonkwo dị ka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri mgbe Natalie Zea bụ onye isi. Na Machị 2020, Jon Seda na Rita Angel Taylor sonyeere ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri. Na Machị 4, 2021, a mgbaàmà Eoin Macken na Jack Martin iji mgbaàmà Raymond-James na Ruminer, na Lily isi Santiago sonyeere ndị. Na mgbakwunye, a ego aha nna ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Harris. Na Machị 22, 2021, Nicholas Gonzalez na Rohan Mirchandaney sonyeere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dị ka ndị na-aga n'ihu. N'onye na-arụ 2021, a na-amụ Josh McKenzie dị ka usoro a na-eme mgbe niile ebe a na-egosi Ione Skye na ọrụ a na-arụ ugboro ugboro na Chloe De Los Santos ka ọ nọchie Taylor. Na Mee 12, 2022, a kwalitere Tonantzin Carmelo na Michelle Vergara Moore ka ha bụrụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri maka oge nke abụọ. Na Julaị 15, 2022, Jonno Roberts sonyeere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ọrụ ugboro ugboro maka oge nke abụọ. Na September 22, 2022, a tụbara Martin Sensmeier na ikike ugboro ugboro maka oge nke abụọ.

=== Ihe nkiri ===
Usoro ihe nkiri ahụ malitere na Melbourne, Australia, na Mee 3, 2021, wee mechie na Septemba 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://7news.com.au/news/melbourne/bay-street-in-port-melbourne-closed-as-filming-of-us-sinkhole-tv-show-la-brea-starts-c-2750888|title=Bay Street in Port Melbourne closed as filming of US sinkhole TV show La Brea starts|work=[[Seven News]]|first=Lucy Mae|author=Beers|date=May 4, 2021|accessdate=May 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tvline.com/lists/la-brea-season-2-premiere-date-episode-count/when-does-filming-start/|title=When Does La Brea Season 2 Start? (And Will It Still Film in Australia?)|first=Matt Webb|author=Mitovich|date=December 1, 2021|work=[[TVLine]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; E sere foto nke usoro ahụ na mpaghara Victoria. E dechara ndekọ maka oge mbụ na Septemba. Mmepụta siri ike na-emefu $ 71 nde na [[Ostraliya|Australia]], ihe karịrị $ 60 nde na Victoria. Ọ bụ mmepụta TV kachasị ọnụ na Victoria kemgbe usoro HBO nke Steven Spielberg The Pacific rụchara na 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/tv-and-radio/la-brea-brings-la-down-under-as-universal-eyes-200m-of-shows-a-year-20210503-p57ofq.html|title=La Brea brings LA down under, as Universal eyes $200m of shows a gear|first=Karl|author=Quinn|date=May 3, 2021|accessdate=May 3, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mere ndokwa ka oge nke abụọ mee ihe nkiri na Victoria, Australia n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;S2totalepisodes&quot;/&gt; Na Mee 23, 2023, a kọrọ na a ga-amalite ime ihe nkiri maka oge nke atọ n'oge na-adịghị anya na Queensland, Australia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/nbc-la-brea-season-3-australia-queensland-1235623670/|title=NBC's 'La Brea' Season 3 Returns to Australia, Relocates to Queensland|work=Variety|first=Patrick|author=Frater|date=May 23, 2023|accessdate=May 23, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntọhapụ ==
Na USA, usoro ahụ nke na September 28, 2021 na NBC. Oge nke abụọ na September 27, 2022 na NBC. Na [[Kánada|Canada]], usoro ihe omume ahụ ahụ [mgbe?] na CTV. N'Australia, a na-egosi ya na 9Now [Olee [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Na Germany, La Brea irohin na Sky One na 24, 2022. Na [[Italy|Ịtali]] - La Brea akwụkwọ na Italia 1 na June 8 , 2022. Na UK, ihe omume mbụ nke La Brea ịgụ na Channel 5 na August 1, 2022 iji kwalite usoro ahụ, na usoro mbụ niile a na-egosi na Paramount+ n'otu ụbọchị ahụ. Usoro ahụ ahụ na 5USA na akwụkwọ 22, 2023. Na Ireland, ụkpụrụ usoro mbụ na Paramount+ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na August 1, 2022.

== Nnakwere ==

=== Nzaghachi nkatọ ===
Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nchịkọta akụkọ Rotten Tomatoes kọrọ na 29% Nkwado na nkezi nke 4.5/10, dabere na isi 21 nke ndị nkatọ. Nkwe ndị nkatọ nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na-agụ, &quot;O nwere ike ịbụ usoro maka ara ya, mana La Brea mgbaàmà aka na isi mgbaka ya siri ike iji mee ka ihe ngosi kwesịrị ile anya - ọ na-achọ ala ọ bụghị&quot;. Metacritic, nke na-eji nkezi dị arọ, nyere akara nke 49 n'ime 100 dabere na ndị nkatọ 7, na-egosi &quot;mgwakọta ma ọ bụ nkezi ihe&quot;. N'ịtụle usoro ihe omume ahụ, onye na-egosi ike maka The Globe and Mail dere &quot;Usoro ahụ dị njọ nke ukwuu, ọ na-ebe nchekwa na ihe onwunwe ya&quot; ebe onye na- ndị SCIFI.radio dere na &quot;La Brea bụ ihe niile na-eso ụkwụ na-akpọ telivisheneng&quot; ma kwuo ọtụtụ ihe na- ndị na-ekweta omume omume na nke mbụ dị ka &quot;ọnụ ndị isi lanarịnụ&quot; site na obere mgbe ha si n'ọnụ ụzọ oge ndị kpara ụkwụ na mbara igwe mbụ. nke kwesịrị igbu onye ọ lụba. N'ụzọ dị iche, onye nchaka maka The Guardian nwere ike na-usoro ahụ maka ịbụ &quot;nke dị ebube, nke jọgburu onwe ya&quot; mgbe ọ na-enye usoro ahụ n'ime akwụkwọ ise mgbe usoro ahụ na UK na 2022.

=== Ntụle ===

==== N'ozuzu ====
{{Television episode ratings|noshare=y|title1=[[#ep1|Pilot]]|date1=September 28, 2021|rs1=0.8|viewers1=6.37&lt;ref name=&quot;1.01&quot;/&gt;|dvr1=|dvrv1=|total1=|totalv1=|title2=[[#ep2|Day Two]]|date2=October 5, 2021|rs2=0.6|viewers2=5.05&lt;ref name=&quot;1.02&quot;/&gt;|dvr2=|dvrv2=|total2=|totalv2=|title3=[[#ep3|The Hunt]]|date3=October 12, 2021|rs3=0.6|viewers3=5.05&lt;ref name=&quot;1.03&quot;/&gt;|dvr3=0.3|dvrv3=2.58|total3=1.0|totalv3=7.64&lt;ref name=&quot;1.03&quot;/&gt;|title4=[[#ep4|The New Arrival]]|date4=October 19, 2021|rs4=0.6|viewers4=5.12&lt;ref name=&quot;1.04&quot;/&gt;|dvr4=0.3|dvrv4=2.57|total4=0.9|totalv4=7.69&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-modest-return-for-abcs-the-bachelorette-lead-out-drama-queens-left-at-the-starting-gate/|title=Tuesday Ratings: Modest Return for ABC's ''The Bachelorette''; Lead-out Drama ''Queens'' Left At the Starting Gate|first=Marc|last=Berman|work=Programming Insider|date=October 20, 2021|accessdate=November 6, 2021|archivedate=March 18, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318190632/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-modest-return-for-abcs-the-bachelorette-lead-out-drama-queens-left-at-the-starting-gate/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title5=[[#ep5|The Fort]]|date5=October 26, 2021|rs5=0.6|viewers5=5.20&lt;ref name=&quot;1.05&quot;/&gt;|dvr5=|dvrv5=|total5=|totalv5=|title6=[[#ep6|The Way Home]]|date6=November 2, 2021|rs6=0.4|viewers6=4.03&lt;ref name=&quot;1.06&quot;/&gt;|dvr6=|dvrv6=|total6=|totalv6=|title7=[[#ep7|The Storm]]|date7=November 9, 2021|rs7=0.6|viewers7=4.70&lt;ref name=&quot;1.07&quot;/&gt;|dvr7=|dvrv7=|total7=|totalv7=|title8=[[#ep8|Origins]]|date8=November 16, 2021|rs8=0.6|viewers8=4.67&lt;ref name=&quot;1.08&quot;/&gt;|dvr8=0.4|dvrv8=2.41|total8=1.0|totalv8=7.08&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-sluggish-returns-for-the-cws-the-flash-and-riverdale-queens-on-abc-sinks-further/|title=Tuesday Ratings: Sluggish Returns for The CW'l's 'The Flash' and 'Riverdale'; 'Queens' on ABC Sinks Further|work=Programming Insider|author=Marc Berman|date=November 17, 2021|access-date=December 22, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 23, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123080726/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-sluggish-returns-for-the-cws-the-flash-and-riverdale-queens-on-abc-sinks-further/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title9=[[#ep9|Father and Son]]|date9=November 23, 2021|rs9=0.5|viewers9=4.33&lt;ref name=&quot;1.09&quot;/&gt;|dvr9=0.3|dvrv9=2.28|total9=0.8|totalv9=6.62&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-abc-and-nbc-lead-the-diluted-troops-the-voice-tops-night/|title=Tuesday Ratings: ABC and NBC Lead the Diluted Troops; 'The Voice' Tops Night|work=Programming Insider|author=Marc Berman|date=November 24, 2021|access-date=December 20, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125185140/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-abc-and-nbc-lead-the-diluted-troops-the-voice-tops-night/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title10=[[#ep10|Topanga]]|date10=November 30, 2021|rs10=0.5|viewers10=4.94&lt;ref name=&quot;1.10&quot;/&gt;|dvr10=0.3|dvrv10=2.18|total10=0.9|totalv10=7.12&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-nbcs-la-brea-concludes-season-1-on-a-respectable-note-abc-and-nbc-share-dominance/|title=Tuesday Ratings: NBC's 'La Brea' Concludes Season 1 on a Respectable Note; ABC and NBC Share Dominance|work=Programming Insider|author=Marc Berman|date=December 1, 2021|access-date=December 20, 2021|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=December 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202021142/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-nbcs-la-brea-concludes-season-1-on-a-respectable-note-abc-and-nbc-share-dominance/}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

==== Oge 1 ====
{{Television episode ratings|noshare=y|title1=[[#ep11|The Next Day]]|date1=September 27, 2022|rs1=0.5|viewers1=3.86&lt;ref name=&quot;2.01&quot;/&gt;|dvr1=0.3|dvrv1=2.16|total1=0.8|totalv1=6.02&lt;ref name=&quot;2.01&quot;/&gt;|title2=[[#ep12|The Cave]]|date2=October 4, 2022|rs2=0.4|viewers2=3.90&lt;ref name=&quot;2.02&quot;/&gt;|dvr2=0.2|dvrv2=2.03|total2=0.6|totalv2=5.93&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-more-dominance-for-cbs-fbi-trio-the-rookie-feds-sinks-on-abc/ |title=Tuesday Ratings: More Dominance for CBS' 'FBI' Trio; 'The Rookie: Feds' Sinks on ABC |last=Berman |first=Marc |date=October 5, 2022 |work=Programming Insider |access-date=December 2, 2022 |accessdate=August 19, 2023 |archivedate=October 14, 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014185806/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-more-dominance-for-cbs-fbi-trio-the-rookie-feds-sinks-on-abc/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;|title3=[[#ep13|The Great Escape]]|date3=October 11, 2022|rs3=0.4|viewers3=3.54&lt;ref name=&quot;2.03&quot;/&gt;|dvr3=0.2|dvrv3=1.78|total3=0.6|totalv3=5.31&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-cbs-most-watched-the-rookie-feds-dips-on-abc-respectable-opening-for-the-winchesters-on-the-cw/|title=Tuesday Ratings: CBS Most Watched; 'The Rookie: Feds' Dips on ABC; Respectable Opening for 'The Winchesters' on The CW|last=Berman|first=Marc|date=October 12, 2022|work=Programming Insider|access-date=October 23, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=January 11, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111190559/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-cbs-most-watched-the-rookie-feds-dips-on-abc-respectable-opening-for-the-winchesters-on-the-cw/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title4=[[#ep14|The Fog]]|date4=October 18, 2022|rs4=0.3|viewers4=3.38&lt;ref name=&quot;2.04&quot;/&gt;|dvr4=0.2|dvrv4=1.80|total4=0.5|totalv4=5.18&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-newbie-dramas-the-rookie-feds-on-abc-and-monarch-on-fox-flounder-the-winchesters-on-the-cw-loses-steam/|title=Tuesday Ratings: Newbie Dramas 'The Rookie: Feds' on ABC and 'Monarch' on Fox Flounder; 'The Winchesters' on The CW Loses Steam|first=Marc|last=Berman|work=Programming Insider|date=October 19, 2022|access-date=October 29, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 4, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104214957/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-newbie-dramas-the-rookie-feds-on-abc-and-monarch-on-fox-flounder-the-winchesters-on-the-cw-loses-steam/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title5=[[#ep15|The Heist]]|date5=October 25, 2022|rs5=0.4|viewers5=3.47&lt;ref name=&quot;2.05&quot;/&gt;|dvr5=0.2|dvrv5=1.60|total5=0.6|totalv5=5.07&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-encores-on-cbs-still-dominate-in-total-viewers-abc-leads-in-adults-18-49/|title=Tuesday Ratings: Encores on CBS Still Dominate in Total Viewers; ABC Leads in Adults 18-49|first=Marc|last=Berman|work=Programming Insider|date=October 26, 2022|access-date=November 4, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=January 11, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111190602/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-encores-on-cbs-still-dominate-in-total-viewers-abc-leads-in-adults-18-49/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title6=[[#ep16|Lazarus]]|date6=November 1, 2022|rs6=0.3|viewers6=3.47&lt;ref name=&quot;2.06&quot;/&gt;|dvr6=0.2|dvrv6=1.58|total6=0.5|totalv6=5.04&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-phillies-game-3-victory-leads-fox-to-easy-victory/|title=Tuesday Ratings: Phillies' Game 3 Victory Leads Fox to Easy Victory|first=Marc|last=Berman|work=Programming Insider|date=November 2, 2022|access-date=November 13, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 6, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106081508/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-phillies-game-3-victory-leads-fox-to-easy-victory/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title7=[[#ep17|1988]]|date7=November 15, 2022|rs7=0.4|viewers7=3.31&lt;ref name=&quot;2.07&quot;/&gt;|dvr7=0.2|dvrv7=1.73|total7=0.6|totalv7=5.04&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-cbs-and-nbc-win-the-eye-nets-fbi-franchise-remains-a-solid-attraction-for-total-viewers/|title=Tuesday Ratings: CBS and NBC Win; The Eye Net's 'FBI' Franchise Remains a Solid Attraction for Total Viewers|first=Marc|last=Berman|work=Programming Insider|date=November 16, 2022|access-date=December 2, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 28, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128015602/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-cbs-and-nbc-win-the-eye-nets-fbi-franchise-remains-a-solid-attraction-for-total-viewers/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title8=[[#ep18|Stampede]]|date8=January 31, 2023|rs8=0.3|viewers8=2.20&lt;ref name=&quot;2.08–2.09&quot;/&gt;|dvr8=|dvrv8=|total8=|totalv8=|title9=[[#ep19|Murder in the Clearing]]|date9=January 31, 2023|rs9=0.2|viewers9=2.02&lt;ref name=&quot;2.08–2.09&quot;/&gt;|dvr9=|dvrv9=|total9=|totalv9=|title10=[[#ep20|The Return]]|date10=February 14, 2023|rs10=0.3|viewers10=2.12&lt;ref name=&quot;2.10&quot;/&gt;|dvr10=|dvrv10=|total10=|totalv10=|title11=[[#ep21|The Wedding]]|date11=February 21, 2023|rs11=0.2|viewers11=1.98&lt;ref name=&quot;2.11–2.12&quot;/&gt;|dvr11=|dvrv11=|total11=|totalv11=|title12=[[#ep22|The Swarm]]|date12=February 21, 2023|rs12=0.2|viewers12=1.72&lt;ref name=&quot;2.11–2.12&quot;/&gt;|dvr12=|dvrv12=|total12=|totalv12=|title13=[[#ep23|The Journey, Part 1]]|date13=February 28, 2023|rs13=0.2|viewers13=1.92&lt;ref name=&quot;2.13–2.14&quot;/&gt;|dvr13=|dvrv13=|total13=|totalv13=|title14=[[#ep24|The Journey, Part 2]]|date14=February 28, 2023|rs14=0.2|viewers14=1.77&lt;ref name=&quot;2.13–2.14&quot;/&gt;|dvr14=|dvrv14=|total14=|totalv14=}}

==== Oge nke Abụọ ====
{{Television episode ratings|noshare=y|title1=[[#ep11|The Next Day]]|date1=September 27, 2022|rs1=0.5|viewers1=3.86&lt;ref name=&quot;2.01&quot;/&gt;|dvr1=0.3|dvrv1=2.16|total1=0.8|totalv1=6.02&lt;ref name=&quot;2.01&quot;/&gt;|title2=[[#ep12|The Cave]]|date2=October 4, 2022|rs2=0.4|viewers2=3.90&lt;ref name=&quot;2.02&quot;/&gt;|dvr2=0.2|dvrv2=2.03|total2=0.6|totalv2=5.93&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-more-dominance-for-cbs-fbi-trio-the-rookie-feds-sinks-on-abc/ |title=Tuesday Ratings: More Dominance for CBS' 'FBI' Trio; 'The Rookie: Feds' Sinks on ABC |last=Berman |first=Marc |date=October 5, 2022 |work=Programming Insider |access-date=December 2, 2022 |accessdate=August 19, 2023 |archivedate=October 14, 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014185806/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-more-dominance-for-cbs-fbi-trio-the-rookie-feds-sinks-on-abc/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;|title3=[[#ep13|The Great Escape]]|date3=October 11, 2022|rs3=0.4|viewers3=3.54&lt;ref name=&quot;2.03&quot;/&gt;|dvr3=0.2|dvrv3=1.78|total3=0.6|totalv3=5.31&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-cbs-most-watched-the-rookie-feds-dips-on-abc-respectable-opening-for-the-winchesters-on-the-cw/|title=Tuesday Ratings: CBS Most Watched; 'The Rookie: Feds' Dips on ABC; Respectable Opening for 'The Winchesters' on The CW|last=Berman|first=Marc|date=October 12, 2022|work=Programming Insider|access-date=October 23, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=January 11, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111190559/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-cbs-most-watched-the-rookie-feds-dips-on-abc-respectable-opening-for-the-winchesters-on-the-cw/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title4=[[#ep14|The Fog]]|date4=October 18, 2022|rs4=0.3|viewers4=3.38&lt;ref name=&quot;2.04&quot;/&gt;|dvr4=0.2|dvrv4=1.80|total4=0.5|totalv4=5.18&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-newbie-dramas-the-rookie-feds-on-abc-and-monarch-on-fox-flounder-the-winchesters-on-the-cw-loses-steam/|title=Tuesday Ratings: Newbie Dramas 'The Rookie: Feds' on ABC and 'Monarch' on Fox Flounder; 'The Winchesters' on The CW Loses Steam|first=Marc|last=Berman|work=Programming Insider|date=October 19, 2022|access-date=October 29, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 4, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104214957/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-newbie-dramas-the-rookie-feds-on-abc-and-monarch-on-fox-flounder-the-winchesters-on-the-cw-loses-steam/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title5=[[#ep15|The Heist]]|date5=October 25, 2022|rs5=0.4|viewers5=3.47&lt;ref name=&quot;2.05&quot;/&gt;|dvr5=0.2|dvrv5=1.60|total5=0.6|totalv5=5.07&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-encores-on-cbs-still-dominate-in-total-viewers-abc-leads-in-adults-18-49/|title=Tuesday Ratings: Encores on CBS Still Dominate in Total Viewers; ABC Leads in Adults 18-49|first=Marc|last=Berman|work=Programming Insider|date=October 26, 2022|access-date=November 4, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=January 11, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111190602/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-encores-on-cbs-still-dominate-in-total-viewers-abc-leads-in-adults-18-49/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title6=[[#ep16|Lazarus]]|date6=November 1, 2022|rs6=0.3|viewers6=3.47&lt;ref name=&quot;2.06&quot;/&gt;|dvr6=0.2|dvrv6=1.58|total6=0.5|totalv6=5.04&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-phillies-game-3-victory-leads-fox-to-easy-victory/|title=Tuesday Ratings: Phillies' Game 3 Victory Leads Fox to Easy Victory|first=Marc|last=Berman|work=Programming Insider|date=November 2, 2022|access-date=November 13, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 6, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106081508/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-phillies-game-3-victory-leads-fox-to-easy-victory/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title7=[[#ep17|1988]]|date7=November 15, 2022|rs7=0.4|viewers7=3.31&lt;ref name=&quot;2.07&quot;/&gt;|dvr7=0.2|dvrv7=1.73|total7=0.6|totalv7=5.04&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-cbs-and-nbc-win-the-eye-nets-fbi-franchise-remains-a-solid-attraction-for-total-viewers/|title=Tuesday Ratings: CBS and NBC Win; The Eye Net's 'FBI' Franchise Remains a Solid Attraction for Total Viewers|first=Marc|last=Berman|work=Programming Insider|date=November 16, 2022|access-date=December 2, 2022|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=November 28, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128015602/https://programminginsider.com/tuesday-ratings-cbs-and-nbc-win-the-eye-nets-fbi-franchise-remains-a-solid-attraction-for-total-viewers/}}&lt;/ref&gt;|title8=[[#ep18|Stampede]]|date8=January 31, 2023|rs8=0.3|viewers8=2.20&lt;ref name=&quot;2.08–2.09&quot;/&gt;|dvr8=|dvrv8=|total8=|totalv8=|title9=[[#ep19|Murder in the Clearing]]|date9=January 31, 2023|rs9=0.2|viewers9=2.02&lt;ref name=&quot;2.08–2.09&quot;/&gt;|dvr9=|dvrv9=|total9=|totalv9=|title10=[[#ep20|The Return]]|date10=February 14, 2023|rs10=0.3|viewers10=2.12&lt;ref name=&quot;2.10&quot;/&gt;|dvr10=|dvrv10=|total10=|totalv10=|title11=[[#ep21|The Wedding]]|date11=February 21, 2023|rs11=0.2|viewers11=1.98&lt;ref name=&quot;2.11–2.12&quot;/&gt;|dvr11=|dvrv11=|total11=|totalv11=|title12=[[#ep22|The Swarm]]|date12=February 21, 2023|rs12=0.2|viewers12=1.72&lt;ref name=&quot;2.11–2.12&quot;/&gt;|dvr12=|dvrv12=|total12=|totalv12=|title13=[[#ep23|The Journey, Part 1]]|date13=February 28, 2023|rs13=0.2|viewers13=1.92&lt;ref name=&quot;2.13–2.14&quot;/&gt;|dvr13=|dvrv13=|total13=|totalv13=|title14=[[#ep24|The Journey, Part 2]]|date14=February 28, 2023|rs14=0.2|viewers14=1.77&lt;ref name=&quot;2.13–2.14&quot;/&gt;|dvr14=|dvrv14=|total14=|totalv14=}}

=== Ndị a nabatara ===
Usoro ahụ bụ otu n'ime 94 n'ime usoro telivishọn 200 kachasị ewu ewu nke natara ReFrame Stamp maka afọ 2021 ruo 2022. A na-enye stampụ ahụ site na njikọ aka nwoke na nwanyị ReFrame na nchekwa data ụlọ ọrụ [[IMDb|IMDbPro]] maka ọrụ ihe nkiri na telivishọn nke gosipụtara na ha nwere ọrụ dị mma, na stampụ ndị a na-enye ọrụ ndị na-ewe ndị na-akọwa ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị na-acha, na anọ n'ime ọrụ asatọ dị mkpa maka mmepụta ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReFrame&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Behzadi|first=Sofia|date=July 19, 2022|title='Euphoria', 'Abbott Elementary' &amp; Apple Among ReFrame Stamp Recipients For Gender-Balanced Hiring; Numbers Down From 2020-2021|url=https://deadline.com/2022/07/euphoria-abbott-elementary-apple-reframe-stamp-gender-balanced-hiring-2021-22-1235072102/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722025712/https://deadline.com/2022/07/euphoria-abbott-elementary-apple-reframe-stamp-gender-balanced-hiring-2021-22-1235072102/|archivedate=July 22, 2022|accessdate=August 1, 2022|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable unsortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+ 
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe nrite
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị emume
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụdị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye e nyere ya
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ref.
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ihe nrite ndị mmadụ na-ahọrọ
|Disemba 7, 2021
|Sci-Fi/Fantasy Show nke 2021
|''La Brea''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
|-
|Disemba 6, 2022
|Sci-Fi/Fantasy Show nke 2022
|''La Brea''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;People'sChoiceAwards2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Piña|first=Christy|date=December 6, 2022|title=People's Choice Awards: ''Doctor Strange 2'', ''Don't Worry Darling'' Take Top Prizes|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/2022-peoples-choice-awards-winners-list-1235276432/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207080113/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/2022-peoples-choice-awards-winners-list-1235276432/|archivedate=December 7, 2022|accessdate=December 7, 2022|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |Ihe nrite Saturn
|Ọktoba 25, 2022
|Best Fantasy Television Series: Network / Cable
|''La Brea''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;SaturnAwards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Simons|first=Dean|date=October 27, 2022|title=Here are the winners of the Saturn Awards 2022|url=https://www.comicsbeat.com/here-are-the-winners-of-the-saturn-awards-2022/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027235608/https://www.comicsbeat.com/here-are-the-winners-of-the-saturn-awards-2022/|archivedate=October 27, 2022|accessdate=October 27, 2022|work=[[The Beat (comics)|The Beat]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* ''Terra Nova'', usoro ihe nkiri TV nke Steven Spielberg mepụtara banyere ezinụlọ nke narị afọ nke 22 na-esi na dystopian America na-akwaga site na ọnụ ụzọ oge gaa na mpaghara dị n'ọzara nke oge Cretaceous.
* Time Spike, akwụkwọ akụkọ Eric Flint banyere ụlọ mkpọrọ kachasị nchebe nke narị afọ nke 21 nke e bugara azụ n'oge Cretaceous Earth site na mgbanwe nke ala Cretaceus. Akwụkwọ akụkọ a gụnyere obere akụkọ nke gọọmentị US na-eji FEMA ezochi ihe merenụ n'ihu ọha America site n'ikwu na ndị na-eyi ọha egwu n'Etiti Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ gbagburu ụlọ mkpọrọ ahụ n'ụzọ ga-eme ka ebe ahụ ghara ịdị nchebe maka ụmụ amaala nkịtị.
* ''Ala nke ndị furu efu'', ihe ngosi ụmụaka nke afọ 1970 nke ezinụlọ dị n'ime mbara igwe na-anwa ịchọta ụzọ ịlaghachi na nke ha.
* A Sound of Thunder, ihe nkiri dabeere na akụkọ mkpirikpi nke 1952 nke otu aha ahụ site na Ray Bradbury, banyere &quot;ndị njem nleta oge&quot; bụ ndị na-emetụta ihe gara aga n'ụzọ na mberede, na-agbanwe ihe dị ugbu a kpamkpam.  Njem oge aghọwo ihe dị irè, ụlọ ọrụ Time Safari, Inc. na-enye ndị njem ọgaranya ohere ịlaghachi azụ n'oge iji chụ nta ụdị ndị nwụrụ anwụ dịka dinosaurs.
* Primeval, usoro ihe nkiri British TV nke ihe ndị e kere eke tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme na-abịa ugbu a site na oge na-adịghị mma nke na-apụta gburugburu mba ahụ.

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Idris Waziri</title>
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Idris Waziri (bụrụ n'afọ 1952) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye isi azụmaahịa Naijiria. Idris Waziri&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-03-23|title=PDP Chair:Meet the first Eleven|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/03/pdp-chairmeet-the-first-eleven/|accessdate=2022-12-31|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Waziri nwetara akara ugo mmụta na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Zaria. Mahadum Ahmadu Bello Zaria Ọ sonyeere gọọmentị dị ka onye ọrụ nchịkwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=III|first=Admin|date=2021-07-02|title=Idris Waziri, Jamilah Tangaza: Where are they now?|url=https://blueprint.ng/idris-waziri-jamilah-tangaza-where-are-they-now/|accessdate=2023-09-20|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ ghọrọ onye odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide na onye isi nke ego, azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, wee laa ezumike nká na 1993.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ịrụ ọrụ na ngalaba onwe onye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2003|title=Public offices held by Idris Waziri in Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/idris-waziri|accessdate=2023-10-04|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye guzobere People's Democratic Party (PDP) N'afọ 1999, Onye isi ala Olusegun Obasanjo họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya Naijiria na Pakistan. Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị mmadụ Olusegun Obasanjo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Umoru|first=Henry|title=PDP chairmanship race:The crowded field|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/02/pdp-chairmanship-racethe-crowded-field/|work=Vanguard Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-17|title=Amb. A.D. Idris Waziri a true diplomatic leader – Nigeria, PDP and Taraba State|url=https://www.theeminentleaders.com/12/17/amb-a-d-idris-waziri-true-diplomatic-leader-nigeriapdp-taraba-state/|accessdate=2023-10-04|work=The Eminent Leaders|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029193951/https://www.theeminentleaders.com/12/17/amb-a-d-idris-waziri-true-diplomatic-leader-nigeriapdp-taraba-state/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
A họpụtara ya dị ka Minista nke Azụmaahịa na Julaị 2003 wee gbaa arụkwaghịm na June 2006 iji sọọ mpi na ntuli aka gọvanọ nke steeti Taraba na 2007.

Waziri gbara ọsọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma maka Gọvanọ nke steeti Taraba na 2007, na 2013 Dan-Baba Suntai họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Gọvanụ nke steeti taraba ka ọ gbaa ọsọ maka Onye isi oche nke PDP.

N'afọ 2021, Gọvanọ nke steeti Taraba Arc Darius Dickson Ishaku họpụtara ya dị ka Onye isi oche nke kansụl na-achịkwa, Mahadum steeti Tarava.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okey Mugbo and Olawale Rasheed|date=2006-06-23|title=Obasanjo sacks 8 Atiku's aides - Swears in 2 new ministers|publisher=Nigerian Tribune|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/23062006/news/news1.html|accessdate=2006-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=21 November 2003|title=INTERVIEW WITH HONOURABLE AMB. IDRIS WAZIRI|url=http://www.winne.com/africa/nigeria/topinterviews/2004/waziri.php|accessdate=2010-05-06|work=eBizguides}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọ bụ minista azụmahịa, a maara Waziri maka ịnụ ọkụ n'obi ya maka mbupụ cassava. cassava&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Publications|url=http://www.iita.org/knowledge/publications/|accessdate=2020-09-11|work=IITA|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-09-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919192132/https://www.iita.org/knowledge/publications/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Ihe nlereanya nke ihu igwe</title>
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[[Usòrò:Global_Climate_Model.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|350x350px| Ụdị ihu igwe bụ usoro nhata dị iche iche dabere na iwu bụ isi nke physics, mmiri mmiri, na kemịkalụ .  Iji &quot;na-agba ọsọ&quot; ihe ihe, ndị na-kaka pịa na-ekewa mbara ala n'ime grid 3. tinye isi nha anya, ma mmetụta ya.  Ụdị ikuku na-agbakọ ifufe, ụzọ, ụzọ, radieshon, ikwu iru mmiri, na elu hydrology n'ime nke ọ ALA grid na-egosi na agbata obi isi.]]
. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=IPCC|year=2014|title=AR5 Synthesis Report - Climate Change 2014. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full.pdf#page=74}}&lt;/ref&gt;ọnụọgụ ihu igwe ọnụọgụgụ na-eji ụzọ ọnụọgụ iji mee ka ndị nke ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala dị mkpa nke ihu igwe, ikuku ihu igwe, ụdị oke osimiri, elu ala na ice .  A na-eji ha eme ihe dị iche iche site n'ịmụ format nke usoro ihu igwe ruo n'ichepụta ihu igwe n'amaokwu.  Ụdị ihu igwe igwe ịbụ ike ịbụ ụdị mma (ya bụ, ọ bụghị ọnụọgụ) yana ihe, na-achọta nke ọma, nke ihe ga-ekwe omume omume.

Ụdị ihu igwe dị iche iche na- ndị ike na-abata site na ụfọdụ dị ka ebili mmiri electromagnetic radieshon, nke a na-ahụ anya na nke dị iche (nso) infrared, yana ogologo ogologo ebili mmiri (nke dị anya) infrared  electromagnetic.  Enweghị ahaghị nhata na-ebute ụkpụrụ na .

Ụdị ọnụọgụ dị iche iche na ụdị anya.  ihe atụ, ụdị ọkụ dị mfe na- misalin na-ele ụwa anya dị ka otu ebe na nkezi ike na-apụ.  Enwere ike ịgbasa nke a n'ụzọ kwụpụta (ụdị radiative-convective) na/ma ọ bụ kwụpụta.  Ọnọdụ ikuku ọnụ – oke osimiri – oke osimiri ice ụdị ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na-edozi nha anya zuru oke maka mbufe oke na ike yana egbochi na- Kamara ndị.  brandi na nke ahụ, ụdị ndị ọzọ nwere ike ijikọ ọnụ, dị ka iji ala mee ihe, na-ama Sistemụ Models, na-enye ndị na-egbochi ọgwụ ndị dị n'etiti ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi .

  Ụdị igbe bụ ịdị mfe nke usoro anya anya, na-adị ha na igbe (ma ọ bụ reservoirs ) akwụkwọ site na fluxes.  A na-eche na a ga-agwakọta igbe ndị ahụ n'otu n'otu.  N'ime igbe, nke ụdị kemịkal ọ elebe bụ otu.  Otú ọ dị, ụdịra nke ụdị dị n'ime igbe e nyere nwere ike ekirigasị iche dị ka ọrụ nke oge n'ihi ihe aka na (ma ọ bụ ọnwụ site na) igbe ma ọ bụ n'ihi , oriri ma ọ bụ  ire nke ụdị a n'ime igbe ahụ&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)&quot;&gt;a chọrọ nkọwa&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Mfe igbe ụdị, ie igbe nlereanya na a obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke igbe onye Njirimara (eg ha olu) adịghị agbanwe na oge, na-emekarị bara uru na-enweta analytical formulas na-akọwa na ike na otu ebe-ala ọtụtụ nke a ụdị. A na-edozi ụdị igbe dị mgbagwoju anya site na iji usoro ọnụọgụ. &lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)&quot;&gt;a chọrọ nkọwa&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A na-eji ụdị igbe eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe iji usoro gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi yana n'ihe gbasara mgbasa nke oke osimiri na ụgbọ carbon .  [1] Ha bụ ihe atụ nke ụdị ụlọ ọtụtụ.

Ụdị ihe efu na-ewere ụwa dị ka ebe dị na mbara igwe, nke yiri ndị na-acha agha nke Voyager 1 na-ele ma ọ bụ echiche onye na-egosi mbara igwe na-ele ihe ndị dị anya anya.  Echiche a na- oke ebe oke oke ka bara uru na iwu nke physics dị na nnukwu ejiji na ihe ndị ama achọpụta, ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ dabara adaba ma ọ bụrụ na amaara ụfọdụ ihe ndị bụ isi nke ihe ahụ.  nkọwa, ndị na-egosi mbara igwe mara na ọtụtụ mbara ala ala ndị dị n'usoro mbara igwe nke anyị na- ree ụdị elu elu siri ike/mmiri nke ikuku ikuku gbara gburugburu.  Ngwa bara uru nke iwu nke nchekwa ike na ihe ndị dị otú ahụ bụ iwu nke dị mfe Energy Balance Models (ma ọ bụ EBM's).

Ihe nlereanya dị mfe nke nha nhata radiative nke Ụwa bụ

: &lt;math&gt;(1-a)S \pi r^2 = 4 \pi r^2 \epsilon \sigma T^4&lt;/math&gt;

ebee

* akụkụ aka ekpe na-anọchi anya ngụkọta ike mkpirisi mkpirisi na-abata (na Watts) sitere na Sun
* akụkụ aka nri na-anọchi anya ike ogologo oge na-apụ apụ (na Watts) sitere na Ụwa, gbakọọ site na iwu Stefan–Boltzmann .

* ''S'' bụ anyanwụ na-adịgide adịgide - ụzarị anyanwụ na-abata n'otu mpaghara - ihe dịka 1367&amp;nbsp;W·m &lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;
* ''r'' bụ radius Ụwa—ihe dịka 6.371×10 &lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;m
* ''π'' bụ mgbakọ na mwepụ (3.141...)
* ''&lt;math&gt; \sigma &lt;/math&gt;'' bụ Stefan-Boltzmann mgbe niile - ihe dịka 5.67 × 10 &lt;sup&gt;-8&lt;/sup&gt; J·K &lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; · m &lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; · s &lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;(1-a)S = 4 \epsilon \sigma T^4&lt;/math&gt;

* Akụkụ aka ekpe na-anọchi anya mgbagharị ike mkpirisi na-abata site na anyanwụ na W·m &lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;
* akụkụ aka nri na-anọchi anya mgbagharị ike ogologo ebili mmiri na-apụ apụ site na Ụwa na W·m &lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; .

* ''&lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;'' bụ nkezi albedo nke ụwa, tụrụ ka ọ bụrụ 0.3. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Goode|first=P. R.|year=2001|title=Earthshine Observations of the Earth's Reflectance|journal=Geophys. Res. Lett.|volume=28|issue=9|pages=1671–4|doi=10.1029/2000GL012580|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/50838/1/grl14388.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Scientists Watch Dark Side of the Moon to Monitor Earth's Climate|url=http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/prrl/prrl0113.html|work=American Geophysical Union|date=17 April 2001|accessdate=2 November 2023|archivedate=27 February 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227182139/http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/prrl/prrl0113.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''&lt;math&gt; T &lt;/math&gt;'' bụ nkezi okpomọkụ n'elu ụwa, a tụrụ dịka ihe dịka 288&amp;nbsp;K dị ka afọ 2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature|title=Climate Change: Global Temperature|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=6 July 2023|archivedate=24 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724203306/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''&lt;math&gt; \epsilon &lt;/math&gt;'' bụ mgbasa ozi dị irè nke elu ụwa jikọtara ọnụ na ikuku (gụnyere igwe ojii). Ọ bụ ọnụọgụ n'etiti 0 na 1 nke a gbakọrọ site na nha nha ka ọ bụrụ ihe dịka 0.61. Maka ọgwụgwọ efu, ọ dabara na ọnụ ahịa nkezi karịa akụkụ nlele niile.

Ihe nlereanya a dị nnọọ mfe bụ ezigbo ihe mmụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-egosi mmetụta okpomọkụ maka mgbanwe na anyanwụ na-adịgide adịgide, Earth albedo, ma ọ bụ mmepụta ụwa dị irè. Mgbapụta dị irè na-egosikwa ike nke [[Mmetụta okpomọkụ|mmetụta griin haus]] nke ikuku, ebe ọ bụ nha nke ikuku ikuku na-agbaba na mbara igwe megide ndị na-esi n'elu pụta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/ftp_docs/lithographs/CERES_litho.pdf|title=Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System|publisher=NASA|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218204711/http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/ftp_docs/lithographs/CERES_litho.pdf|archivedate=18 February 2013|year=2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enwere ike iji nzacha gbakọọ na data dị. Mgbapụta elu ala dị n'ogo 0.96 ruo 0.99 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icess.ucsb.edu/modis/EMIS/html/seawater.html|title=Seawater Samples - Emissivities|work=ucsb.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1175/JCLI3720.1|title=An Improved Land Surface Emissivity Parameter for Land Surface Models Using Global Remote Sensing Observations|journal=J. Climate|volume=19|issue=12|pages=2867–81|date=15 June 2006|url=http://www.glue.umd.edu/~sliang/papers/Jin2006.emissivity.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; (ma ewezuga ụfọdụ mpaghara ọzara nwere ike ịdị obere ka 0.7). Otú ọ dị, ígwé ojii, nke na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka ọkara nke elu mbara ala, na-enwe nkezi ikuku ikuku dị ihe dị ka 0.5  (nke a ghaghị ibelata site na ike nke anọ nke oke igwe ojii zuru oke na nkezi okpomọkụ zuru oke n'elu ala) yana nkezi okpomọkụ igwe ojii. ihe dịka 258 K (-15 Celsius C; 5 °F) .  N'ịtụba ihe ndị a niile n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-ebute ikuku ikuku dị irè nke ihe dịka 0.64 (nkezi okpomọkụ ụwa 285 K (12 Celsius C; 53 °F) ). &lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)&quot;&gt;a chọrọ nkọwa&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/atmosphericwarming/multilayermodel.html|title=ACS Climate Science Toolkit - Atmospheric Warming - A Multi-Layer Atmosphere Model|publisher=[[American Chemical Society]]|accessdate=2 October 2022|archivedate=30 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130202305/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/atmosphericwarming/multilayermodel.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ejikwa akwa ikuku ikuku kewapụrụ arụ ọrụ site na elu arụkwa ụdị ọkụ.  Nke ekwe mfe n'ime ihe ndị a bụ ihe atụ efu, otu oyi akwa, [1] nke elele ike ịgbatị ngwa gaa na ọnụ ike ikuku na- ike ike.  Ihe e ji mara elu na oyi akwa ikuku bụ nke ọ ALA nwere oke oke yana uru ego, mana akara oke.  Itinye n'ihe nhata radiative (ya bụ ichekwa ike) n'ọhụụ dị n'ọkwa na- usoro nha anya ọnụ nke ngwaọrụ idozi.

Nlereanya efu nke dị n'elu, na-eji anyanwụ na-adịgide adịgide ma nyekwa nkezi okpomọkụ ụwa, na-ekpebi ịdị irè nke ikuku nke ogologo ebili mmiri nke na-ebuba na mbara igwe. Enwere ike nụchaa nke a na vetikal ka ọ bụrụ otu akụkụ radiative-convective model, nke na-atụle usoro abụọ nke njem ike: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Manabe|first=Syukuro|title=Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-the-atmospheric-sciences_1967-05_24_3/page/241|journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences|volume=24|issue=3|pages=241–259|date=1 May 1967|doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1967)024&lt;0241:TEOTAW&gt;2.0.CO;2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* mbufe radieshọn na-agbago ma na-agbada site na ọkwa ikuku nke na-amịkọrọ ma na-ebunye radieshon infrared.
* ebuga elu nke okpomọkụ site na convection (karịsịa dị mkpa na troposphere dị ala).

.Ụdị radiative-convective nwere uru ụfọdụ ụdị dị mfe: ha nwere ike ike dị iche iche nke ikuku grin haus na iche dị irẹ na ya mere nhọrọ dị elu.  Mana muhimre paramita dị mkpa iji ikuku ikuku na albedo wee lebara ihe ndị na-akpali ume gbasara ụwa.&lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)&quot;&gt;a chọrọ nkọwa&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Mmetụta nzaghachi ice-albedo na mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ụdị ihu igwe nwere otu akụkụ na-egbuke egbuke. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi?id=wa03100m|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120730021359/http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi?id=wa03100m|archivedate=2012-07-30|title=Pubs.GISS: Wang and Stone 1980: Effect of ice-albedo feedback on global sensitivity in a one-dimensional...|work=nasa.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=W.C.|title=Effect of ice-albedo feedback on global sensitivity in a one-dimensional radiative-convective climate model|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-the-atmospheric-sciences_1980-03_37_3/page/545|journal=J. Atmos. Sci.|volume=37|issue=3|pages=545–52|year=1980|doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037&lt;0545:EOIAFO&gt;2.0.CO;2}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/258.htm|title=Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis|work=grida.no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030325024912/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/258.htm|archivedate=25 March 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụdị akụkụ dị elu ==
Enwere ike ịgbasa ihe atụ efu ka ọ tụlere ike a na-ebufe na mbara ikuku. Ụdị ihe nlereanya a nwere ike bụrụ nke ọma na mpaghara mpaghara . Ihe nlereanya a nwere uru nke ikwe ka ịdabere n'echiche nke albedo mpaghara na emissivity na okpomọkụ - enwere ike ikwe ka ogwe osisi dị jụụ na equator na-ekpo ọkụ - ma enweghị ezi ihe na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na a ghaghị ịkọwapụta ụgbọ njem ndị kwụ ọtọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.shodor.org/master/environmental/general/energy/application.html|title=Energy Balance Models|work=shodor.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== EMCs (Ụdị sistemụ ụwa nke mgbagwoju anya etiti) ==
Dabere n'ụdị ajụjụ ndị a jụrụ na ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ oge dị mkpa, e nwere, n'otu oke, echiche, ụdị ndị na-emepụta ihe, na, n'akụkụ nke ọzọ, ụdị mgbasa ozi izugbe na-arụ ọrụ n'ogo kachasị elu na ogologo oge enwere ike ugbu a. Ụdị nke mgbagwoju anya dị n'etiti na-edozi ọdịiche ahụ. Otu ihe atụ bụ ụdị Climber-3. Igwe ikuku ya bụ ihe atụ 2.5 akụkụ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na mkpebi 7.5 ° × 22.5 ° na oge nzọụkwụ nke ọkara ụbọchị; oké osimiri bụ MOM-3 ( Modular Ocean Model ) na 3.75 ° × 3.75 ° grid na 24 vetikal larịị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pik-potsdam.de/emics/|title=emics1|work=pik-potsdam.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== GCM (ụdị ihu igwe ụwa ma ọ bụ ụdị mgbasa ozi n'ozuzu) ==
Model okirikiri izugbe (GCMs) na-ewepụ nha nha maka mmegharị mmiri na nnyefe ike wee jikọta ndị a ka oge na-aga. N'adịghị ka ụdị dị mfe, GCM na-ekewa ikuku na/ma ọ bụ oke osimiri n'ime grids nke &quot;sel&quot; pụrụ iche, nke na-anọchite anya nkeji mgbakọ. N'adịghị ka ụdị dị mfe nke na-eme ka a na-eche n'echiche na-agwakọta, usoro n'ime cell-dị ka convection-nke na-eme na akpịrịkpa dị obere na-edozi ozugbo na-edozi na ọkwa cell, ebe ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-achịkwa interface n'etiti sel.

Igwe ikuku GCM (AGCMs) na-e ikuku ikuku ma na-ebute nhọrọ dị n'elu oké osimiri dị ka ọnọdụ oke.  ikuku ikuku-oké osimiri GCMs (AOGCMs, eg HadCM3, EdGCM, GFDL CM2.X, ARPEGE-Climat) [1] ụdị abụọ ahụ.  Ụdị ihu igwe mbụ nke mgbasa ozi izugbe nke ụzọ ma ụzọ oke osimiri na nke ikuku ka emepụtara na-achọ awụ 1960 na NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory [2] AOGCM na-Ịnya anya dịke anya na ụdị ihu igwe na ọtụtụ usoro dị ka  o kwere mee.  ụkwụ, ha ka nọ na ike na ejighị n'aka ka dị.  Enwere ike ijikọ ha na ụdị usoro ndị ọzọ, dị ka mkpuchi carbon, ka ire nzaghachi ka mma.  A na-akpọ ụdị usoro ọtụtụ ihe eji ọnụ ọnụ dị otú ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka &quot;usoro ụwa&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Ihu igwe ụwa.&quot;

* Ọrụ meteorological nke mba. Ọtụtụ ọrụ ihu igwe nke mba nwere ngalaba climatology .
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum. Ngalaba ndị dị mkpa gụnyere sayensị ikuku, meteorology, climatology, na ọdịdị ala.
* Ụlọ nyocha nyocha nke mba na nke mba ụwa. Ihe atụ gụnyere National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR, na Boulder, Colorado, US), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL, na Princeton, [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]], US), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Hadley Center maka amụma ihu igwe na nyocha (GFDL ). na Exeter, UK), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology na Hamburg, [[Jémanị|Germany]], ma ọ bụ [[Laboratory nke sayensị ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi|Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement]] (LSCE), [[France]], ịkpọ aha ma ole na ole.

Akuko kansụl nyocha mba US nke 2012 tụlere ka nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ihe nlegharị anya ihu igwe dị iche iche nke US nwere ike isi malite ka ọ bụrụ otu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=U.S. National Research Council Report, ''A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling''|url=http://dels.nas.edu/Report/National-Strategy-Advancing-Climate/13430|accessdate=18 January 2021|archivedate=3 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003043232/http://dels.nas.edu/Report/National-Strategy-Advancing-Climate/13430}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere ike nweta arụmọrụ site n'ịmepụta akụrụngwa ngwanrọ nkịtị nke ndị nyocha ihu igwe nke US niile na-ekekọrịta, yana ịme ọgbakọ ihe ngosi ihu igwe kwa afọ, ka akụkọ ahụ chọpụtara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=U.S. National Research Council Report-in-Brief, ''A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling''|url=http://dels.nas.edu/Materials/Report-In-Brief/4291-Climate-Modeling|accessdate=3 October 2012|archivedate=18 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018071324/http://dels.nas.edu/Materials/Report-In-Brief/4291-Climate-Modeling}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ntugharị ikuku
* Ụdị mgbasa ozi izugbe
* Ụdị njem ụgbọ mmiri
* Ntụle Radiation ikuku (ARM) (na US)
* Mgbanwe data ihu igwe
* Climateprediction.net
* GFDL CM2. X
* Gaa-ESSP
* Amụma ihu igwe ọnụọgụgụ
* Ụdị ikuku kwụ ọtọ
* Ụdị amụma amụma cyclone okpomọkụ
* Nyocha na nkwado nke ụdị ịme anwansị kọmputa
* CICE oké osimiri ice nlereanya

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111223084453/http://dapper.pmel.noaa.gov/dchart/index.html?cid=AAAAHg@@ Dapper/Dchart] — nkata na budata data ụdịdị nke akụkọ nyocha nke anọ (AR4) nke [[Ngalaba Gọọmentị Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe|otu gọọmentị etiti na mgbanwe ihu igwe zoro aka na ya]] . (Ọ dịghịzi adị)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20231025131137/https://www2.cesm.ucar.edu/models/ccsm4.0/ NCAR/UCAR Community Climate System Model] (CCSM)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211110182307/https://www.climateprediction.net/ Mee ya onwe gị amụma ihu igwe]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100325071109/http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/modelE/ Nnyocha mbụ GCM mepụtara site na NASA/GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150323033013/http://edgcm.columbia.edu/ Original NASA/GISS ụdị ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ] (GCM) nwere interface enyi na enyi maka PC na Mac
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19981212023617/http://www.cccma.bc.ec.gc.ca/ Ozi ụdị CCCma na interface iji weghachite data nlereanya]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190706013509/https://nomads.gfdl.noaa.gov/CM2.X/ NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory] CM2 ozi ụdị ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na faịlụ data mmepụta ihe nlereanya
* [https://github.com/mjucker/JFV-strat AGCM akpọkọtara nke ọma] dabere na GFDL CM2 
* [https://github.com/mjucker/MiMA Ihe nlere nke ikuku ikuku dị mma (MiMA)] : dabere na GFDL CM2. Mgbagwoju anya n'etiti ụdị akọrọ na GCM zuru oke 
* [https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/climate/ Ụdị ihu igwe nke Mahadum Victoria Global], n'efu maka nbudata. Onye na-eme nchọpụta bụ onye nyere aka na akụkọ [[Ngalaba Gọọmentị Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe|IPCC]] gbasara [[Okpomọkụ gburugburu ụwa|mgbanwe ihu igwe]] .
* [http://vimeo.com/user12523377/videos vimeo.com/user12523377/videos Nlegharị anya nke ụdị ihu igwe nke ETH Zurich]
* Archived [https://ecm.coloradocollege.edu/ Model Climate Empirical]  &lt;/link&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160307054442/http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/projects/modeldoc/cmip/index.html Nlereanya Intercomparison Model jikọtara ọnụ]
* 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221106114416/http://nas-sites.org/climate-change/climatemodeling/ Weebụsaịtị 101 Climate Modeling] site na US National Research Council - Saịtị a bụ mmalite maka ka ụdị ihu igwe si arụ ọrụ. Ozi a gbadoro ụkwụ na ndị ọkachamara, mkpesa nkwenye sitere na Board US National Research Council on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate. Nke kacha ọhụrụ bụ [https://web.archive.org/web/20121003043232/http://dels.nas.edu/Report/National-Strategy-Advancing-Climate/13430 ''A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling''] Archived  &lt;/link&gt; .
* [https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-why-results-from-the-next-generation-of-climate-models-matter Kedu ihe kpatara nsonaazụ sitere na ọgbọ na-esote ụdị ihu igwe dị mkpa] CarbonBrief, Ozi ndị ọbịa nke Belcher, Boucher, Sutton, 21 Maachị 2019
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=35 Women Moving Africa Forward|url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/national-international/women-moving-africa-forward/2320064/|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=NBC4 Washington|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''Ibilola Amao''' bụ onye injinia Naijiria na Britain, onye isi ndụmọdụ nke Lonadek Services (United Kingdom na Nigeria) na onye ndụmọdụ maka ọhụụ 2020 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ibilola amao nominated for the WomenTech Global Awards 2020|url=https://www.womentech.net/nominee/ibilola/amao/47753|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=WomenTech Network|language=en-ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-08-18|title=Expert tasks government on youth development, economic growth|url=https://t.guardian.ng/appointments/expert-tasks-government-on-youth-development-economic-growth/|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WIEN Founders – Women in Energy Network|url=https://www.wienergynetwork.com/founders/|accessdate=2021-09-19|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930120818/https://www.wienergynetwork.com/founders/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.global-ambassadors.org/people/ibilola-amao-ph-d/|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=Global Ambassadors|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027191238/https://www.global-ambassadors.org/people/ibilola-amao-ph-d/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Awards 2020|url=https://www.c3e-international.org/workstreams/awards/award-2020/|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=C3E International|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; natara ọtụtụ onyinye dịka ụlọ ọrụ azụmaahịa ụmụ nwanyị kachasị arụ ọrụ IWEC 2016, Energy Institute Champion 2016, C3E international woman of distinction Award, Access Bank &quot;W&quot; 100, na 2019 Forbes [[Afrịka]] rising star Award. Ọ bụ onye otu Vital Voices (VV) GROW, onye otu vv100 na onye otu WEConnect international. Ibilola bụkwa onye guzobere STEM cedar &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ebe ọchụnta ego. [1]

Ibilola bụ onye otu Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), panel nke ndị ọkàikpe maka ihe nrite Royal Academy of Engineering UK Africa, na ụlọ ọrụ nke kọmitii mmemme onye nduzi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; bụ onye isi oche nke otu ndụmọdụ ụlọ ọrụ, onye otu Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) na onye otu Energy Institute (EI), UK. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibilola Amao – POWER WEEK AFRICA|url=https://www.power-week.com/africa/speaker-bio/ibilola-amao|accessdate=2021-09-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ọkachamara na injinia obodo na nke owuwu; teknụzụ injinia na ihe ọhụrụ; ọ na-etinye aka na mmelite nke ntuziaka Naịjirịa Oil and Gas Industry Content Development (NOGICD) nke e mere ka ọ bụrụ iwu na 22 Eprel 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-09-10|title=Mainstreaming science, gender into development agenda|url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/mainstreaming-science-gender-into-development-agenda/|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-11-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128062343/https://guardian.ng/appointments/mainstreaming-science-gender-into-development-agenda/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka onye ọchụnta ego [[STIM|STEM]], ọ na-elekwasị anya n'inye ndị ntorobịa ike na ịbawanye ntinye aka nke ụmụ nwanyị na ọrụ STEM nke ụmụ nwoke na-achịkwa na Naijiria.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=OrientEnergyReview|date=2017-07-18|title=Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Needs More Women Players - Amao|url=https://www.orientenergyreview.com/interviews/nigerian-oil-gas-industry-needs-women-players-amao/|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=Orient Energy Review|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019100518/https://www.orientenergyreview.com/interviews/nigerian-oil-gas-industry-needs-women-players-amao/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-04-23|title=I see beyond gender — Ibilola Amao|url=https://punchng.com/i-see-beyond-gender-ibilola-amao/|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; otu n'ime ụmụ isii nke onye Injinia okporo ụzọ Naijiria mụrụ. Ọ nwetara ọkwa O ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị eze nwanyị, [[Ibadan]], Naijiria wee gaa London ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta mbụ na injinia obodo na nke nhazi na kọleji Queen Mary, Mahadum London. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ nwetara Ph.D. na kọmputa-enyere aka imepụta na draughting na Mahadum Bradford, United Kingdom. Mgbe &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; nwetasịrị PhD, ọ zụrụ dị ka injinia PPL ruo afọ atọ. Ọ gakwara Manchester Business School, [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; laghachiri Naịjirịa site na England na 1991 maka mmemme National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) na [[Abuja]], Naịjirị. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ibilola, amụrụ n'ezinụlọ eze, lụrụ nwoke Yoruba si Ibadan, Naịjirịa, na 1994 mgbe ọ laghachiri Naịjirị. Njikọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Soyingbe|first=Anthonia|date=25 June 2011|title=Nigeria: My Obedience Accounts for Peace in My Home - Amao|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201106271366.html|accessdate=19 September 2021|work=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke afọ 27 mụrụ ụmụ atọ.

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe o si England laghachi Naịjirịa, Ibilola rụrụ ọrụ na mahadum Lagos dị ka onye nkuzi na prọfesọ Ibidapo Obe. Mgbe ahụ, ọ gara n'ihu na mmemme otu afọ nke National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) n'oge ọ malitere ma guzobe Lonadek na 1991. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; NYSC gasịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na National Engineering and Technical Company (NETCO) na 1992 ebe ọ zụrụ ndị injinia 67 mbụ nke Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) were maka NETCO. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; hapụrụ NETCO na 2003 iji wuo Lonadek ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ ndụmọdụ iji kwado mmepe na mmezi na-adịgide adịgide site na itinye aka na mpaghara.

Ibilola nọdụrụ na Lagos State Technical and Vocational Education Board dị ka onyeisi oche nke otu ndụmọdụ ụlọ ọrụ. Nke &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; nyere ya ohere ịrụ ọrụ iji dozie ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ na agụmakwụkwọ, na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nkà nhazi ụlọ ọrụ site na ohere itinye aka.

== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; nwetara onyinye Vital Voices (VV) 100 ụmụ nwanyị na Ọchụnta ego ma họpụta ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya ụwa na 2017 site na ntọala Vital Voices, VV, nke Hillary Clinton guzobere. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;'afọ 2020, a nabatara onyinye ya n'ịkwalite ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na ngalaba ike na C3E international woman of distinction award na mmemme 11th clean energy ministerial program.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Amodu|first=Ganiyu|date=2022-06-15|title=Lonadek Boss, Ibilola Amao, Now Nigerian Academy of Engineering Fellow|url=https://platformsafrica.com/2022/06/15/lonadek-boss-ibilola-amao-now-nigerian-academy-of-engineering-fellow/|accessdate=2022-07-07|work=Platformsafrica|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-06-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615125014/https://platformsafrica.com/2022/06/15/lonadek-boss-ibilola-amao-now-nigerian-academy-of-engineering-fellow/}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2022, a nabatara Ibilola dị ka onye otu Nigerian Academy of Engineering, onye isi oche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ mara ọkwa ntinye ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Ibilola Amao becomes a Fellow of Queen Mary|url=https://www.qmul.ac.uk/media/news/2023/pr/dr-ibilola-amao-becomes-a-fellow-of-queen-mary.html?s=09|accessdate=2023-03-22|work=Queen Mary University of London|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2023, Ibilola ghọrọ onye otu Queen Mary University of London, mkpakọrịta ahụ bụ iji kwado nraranye ya n'ịzụlite nkà [[STIM|STEM]] na ntụziaka ụmụ nwanyị. [1]

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari</title>
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      <text bytes="8457" sha1="ojoy3vt7np41nplgccv7chq9hecg1zc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;{{Databox}}
'''Ibrahim Kolapo Sulu Gambari Dan Bawa''' CFR (amụrụ na 22 Eprel 1940) bụ Emir nke iri na otu na nke ugbu a nke Ilorin. Ọ bụ onye ọchịchị ọdịnala nke Fulani [[Ndepụta nke steeti ọdịnala Naijiria|Emirate]] nke Ilorin. Ọ rịgooro n'ocheeze n'afọ 1995 wee nọchie nwanne nna ya Aliyu Dan Abdulkadir. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html|title=Nigerian Traditional States|work=www.worldstatesmen.org|accessdate=2020-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye isi oche nke Kwara State Traditional Rulers Council . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/11/hrh-ibrahim-sulu-gambari-20-years-on-the-ilorin-throne/|title=HRH Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari: 20 years on the Ilorin throne|date=2015-11-11|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rulers.org/nigatrad.html|title=Nigerian traditional polities|work=www.rulers.org|accessdate=2020-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ọchịchị ọdịnala 10 a ma ama n'ebe [[Ógbè Ebe Ugwu, Naịjirịa|ugwu Naịjirịa]].

== Oge ọ malitere ==
Ọ malitere ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ ya na Native Authority School na 1953 ma mechaa na 1956 wee kwaga Offa Grammar School ma mechaa n'afọ 1960 mgbe e mesịrị na 1961 ruo 1962 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Oakham Schools England na City Westminster College gụsịrị na 1963 wee kwaga Middle Temple School site na 1964 ruo 1967 ma na 1966 ọ gara Mahadum London ruo 1969 mgbe ahụ Nigeria Law School na 1969 ruo 1971.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Yaaqub_A.S|date=2020-11-11|title=[OPINION]: 25TH CORONATION ANNIVERSARY: WHEN A KING HAS GOOD COUNSELORS, HIS REIGN IS PEACEFUL BY BASHEER LUQMAN OLAREWAJU-UNIQUE|url=https://www.teamboma.com/opinion-25th-coronation-anniversary-when-a-king-has-good-counselors-his-reign-is-peaceful-by-basheer-luqman-olarewaju-unique/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Team Boma Reports|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213126/https://www.teamboma.com/opinion-25th-coronation-anniversary-when-a-king-has-good-counselors-his-reign-is-peaceful-by-basheer-luqman-olarewaju-unique/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/sulu-gambari-justice-ibrahim-kolapo/|title=SULU-GAMBARI, Justice Ibrahim Kolapo|author=Babah|first=Chinedu|date=2017-03-24|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-arụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide na onye ọka iwu-ọchịchị n'oge ahụ ma ghọọ onye ọka ikpe na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke [[Ȯra Bauchi|Bauchi]] na 1976 mgbe e mesịrị na 1978 ọ bụ onye ọka ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20130710153048/http://www.cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=08ABUJA1924&amp;version=1314919461 cablegatesearch.net]&lt;/ref&gt; bụ nwa nwanne onye isi ndị ọrụ nke [[Ishi ochíchì Naigeria|Onye isi ala Naijiria]] [[Muhammadu Buhari]] [[Ibrahim Gambari]] . [1]

== Ebe Ugwu Naịjirịa ==
Ocheeze nke Emir nke Ilorin bụ nke otu n'ime ndị eze atọ nwere aha Shehu na Northern Nigeria. Ndị ọzọ  Shehu Usman Danfodio nke [[Sokoto]], Shehu El-Kanemi nke [[Ȯra Borno|Borno]] na Shehu Alimi Dan Janta nke Ilorin.

Alhaji Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari bụ onye nna ya nwụrụ anwụ na 9th Emir of Ilorin, Alhaji Zulkarnaini Muhammadu Gambari mere Ciroman Ilorin na 1984, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi ikpe nke ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe, [[Ibadan]] Division.

Emir [[nne]] asaa nke Ilorin, Shehu Shuaibu Dan Bawa onye chịrị site na 1915 ruo 1919 bụ nna nna ya (Shuaibu-Abdulkadir-Ayisatu-Ibrahim) na nna nna nna ya ya (Shuabu -Muhammadu Laofe-Zulkarnaini-Ibrahim), na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nwa eze ma mesịa bụrụ Emir.

Nne Sulu Gambari, Hajia Nma (nwụrụ na Mọnde June 4, 2019) bụ adaeze. Mgbe Eze Ukwu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://royalnews.com.ng/profile-of-the-11th-emir-of-ilorin-his-royal-highness-alhaji-ibrahim-sulu-gambari/|title=Profile of the 11th Emir of Ilorin, His Royal Highness Alhaji Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari|author=editor|date=2019-06-13|work=Royal News|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-13|archivedate=2019-08-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823142340/https://royalnews.com.ng/profile-of-the-11th-emir-of-ilorin-his-royal-highness-alhaji-ibrahim-sulu-gambari/}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nne ya gara Hajji, mgbe ndị njem ala nsọ ndị ọzọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ebu ibu elu na ala, Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari buuru nne ya, na-egosi ịhụnanya ya.

== Ọrụ ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Signatories|publisher=A Common Word|date=October 13, 2007|url=http://www.acommonword.com/signatories/}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ otu n'ime mmadụ 138 bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi A Common Word Between Us and You site n'aka ndị isi Islam nye ndị isi ụka [[Efefe Kraịst|Ndị Kraịst]] n'ebe niile.

Ndị a bụ ụmụ Shehu Alimi bụ ndị bụkwa Emirs nke Ilorin.

Sulu Gambari ghọrọ Emir nke iri &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Freshinsight|title=25 Garlands for Emir of Ilorin @ 25|url=https://freshinsightnewstv.com/25-garlands-for-emir-of-ilorin-25/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Freshinsight|date=10 November 2020|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212628/https://freshinsightnewstv.com/25-garlands-for-emir-of-ilorin-25/}}&lt;/ref&gt; otu nke Ilorin n'August 28, 1995, e kpuwere ya okpueze na November 11, 1995, ka ọ hapụrụ ọnọdụ ya dị ka Onye isi ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe, Lagos Division. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics {{!}} Dailytrust|url=https://dailytrust.com/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Daily Trust|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-11|title=HRH Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari: 20 years on the Ilorin throne|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/11/hrh-ibrahim-sulu-gambari-20-years-on-the-ilorin-throne/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọchịchị nna ya Shehu Zulkarnaini Muhammadu Gambari (1959-1992), e hiwere Kwara State College of Technology ugbu a Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Kwara State University of Education, Ilorin na Mahadum Ilorin.

N'oge ọchịchị ya, ụlọ akwụkwọ tertiary mụbara site na nguzobe nke Mahadum Al-Hikmah, Mahadum Kwara State Malete na Muyideen College of education n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke onwe na nke gọọmentị gafee steeti dịka International Aviation College na Advanced Diagnostic Centre.

Ọ malitere imezigharị ụlọ alakụba Ilorin Central (nke nna ya nwụrụ anwụ wuru na 1979) iji bụrụ ụlọ dị mma n'ụwa na nke Onye Amụma Muhammad na Medina, [[Saudi Arabia]].

Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya mgbe e zigara ya na [[Mahadum Ọrụ Ugbo, Makurdi|Mahadum Ọrụ Ugbo Makurdi]], Benue Steeti, Emir ahụ nọgidere na-achịkwa dị ka Chancellor nke [[Mahadum Nnamdi Azikiwe]], [[Óká|Awka]], Anambra Steeti ruo afọ 14 (2001-2015).

N'oge ncheta okpueze nke iri na otu ya n'afọ 2006, Emir ahụ kpuchiri mmadụ iri na otu dị ka ndị nwere aha ọdịnala n'ime obodo ahụ, ndị a ma ama n'etiti ha bụ; [[Bukola Saraki|Dr. Abubakar Bukola Saraki]] (Turaki'n Ilorin) na onye na-ahụ maka iwu bụ nwa ya nwoke nke okenye, Barrister Abubakar Bature Sulu-Gambari (Ciroma'n Ilorina).

Sulu-Gambari bụ onye nnọchiteanya na nzukọ iwu kachasị ọhụrụ ebe o nyere aka na mkparịta ụka mba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-04-24|title=Tinubu Hails Emir of Ilorin at 80|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/04/24/tinubu-hails-emir-of-ilorin-at-80/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O guzobere Shehu Alimi Foundation for Peace and Development na Kọmitii mmadụ iri na otu ma mee Sheikh Dr. AbdulKadir Oba-Solagberu onye isi ala ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Profile of the 11th Emir of Ilorin, His Royal Highness Alhaji Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari|date=13 June 2019|url=https://royalnews.com.ng/profile-of-the-11th-emir-of-ilorin-his-royal-highness-alhaji-ibrahim-sulu-gambari/|accessdate=2021-05-30|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610171409/https://royalnews.com.ng/profile-of-the-11th-emir-of-ilorin-his-royal-highness-alhaji-ibrahim-sulu-gambari/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
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'''''La Femme Anjola''''' bụ ihe nkiri 2021 nke Tunde Babalola dere na onye nduzi Mildred Okwo . Ọ bụ ihe nkiri noir psychological thriller nke gosiputara [[Rita Dominic]] na [[Nonso Bassey]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ekechukwu&quot;&gt;Ferdinand Ekechukwu, [https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/07/06/la-femme-anjola-a-tale-of-love-sex-greed/ &quot;La Femme Anjola: A Tale of Love, Sex, Greed&quot;], ''This Day'', July 6, 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Bada&quot;&gt;Gbenga Bada, [https://web.archive.org/web/20211019121602/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/rita-dominic-shoots-final-scenes-of-la-femme-anjola-in-south-africa/8rh7z9z &quot;Rita Dominic shoots final scenes of 'La Femme Anjola' in South Africa&quot;], ''pulse.ng'', September 5, 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara ya na sinima na Maachị 19, 2021. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Obioha|first=Vanessa|date=2021-03-19|title=Review: Different Shades of Entrapment in 'La Femme Anjola'|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/19/review-different-shades-of-entrapment-in-la-femme-anjola/|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwa okwu ==
''La Femme Anjola'' na-agbagharị gburugburu onye na-ere ahịa ngwaahịa nke hụrụ nwanyị dị omimi n'anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Anjola lụrụ onye omekome nwere ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ebe ọ na-eme ihe nkiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ndị mere ihe nkiri a ==

* [[Rita Dominic]]
* [[Nonso Bassey]]
* [[Joke Silva]]
* Nwaanyị Jacobs
* [[Aderounmu Adejumoke]]
* Bassey Ekpeyong
* Uzor Osimkpa
* Paul Adams
* [[Shawn Faqua]]
* [[Michelle Dede]]
* [[Mumbi Maina]]
* Soso Soberekon

== Mmepụta na ntọhapụ ==
Ndị atọ nke Mildred Okwo, Tunde Babalola na Rita Dominic jikọtara ọnụ maka mmepụta a kemgbe e wepụtara ihe nkiri 2012 ha, ''The Meeting'' .

A kọrọ na ewepụrụ ihe nkiri a na sinima House cinemas n'ofe Naijiria iji mee ohere maka ihe nkiri ''Prophetess''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nwogu|first=Precious|date=2021-04-02|title='La Femme Anjola' has been yanked from some Filmhouse cinemas: Here's what fans are saying|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/la-femme-anjola-yanked-from-cinemas/psc7sls|access-date=2021-04-08|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ na-ekwu okwu na mkparịta ụka ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ The Cable mere ya, onye isi Okwo tara ụta na ihe a mere na ọ bụ naanị otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-04|title=INTERVIEW: Mildred Okwo opens up on premature cinema exit of 'La Femme Anjola'|url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/mildred-okwo-la-femme-anjola/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwuru na otu ụlọ ọrụ sinima ahụ wepụrụ ihe nkiri 2015 ya Surulere, n'okpuru ọnọdụ esemokwu. Mmeghachi omume ọha na eze na-esochi mwepụta ahụ kwadoro ihe Okwo mere, ma kwuo na ya na-eme atụmatụ ịga dijitalụ site na nyiwe ntanetị na ọrụ mgbasa ozi nke ụlọ ọrụ ya.

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Onye e nyere ya
!Nsonaazụ
!Nkwupụta
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2021
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ihe nrite Africa Movie Academy
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ
|[[Nonso Bassey]]|{{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Banjo|first=Noah|date=2021-10-29|title=FULL LIST: Ayinla, Omo Ghetto: The Saga bag multiple nominations at AMAA 2021|url=https://punchng.com/full-list-ayinla-omo-ghetto-the-saga-bag-multiple-nominations-at-amaa-2021/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ
|Rita Dominic|{{Nom}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri Naịjirịa Kasị Mma
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Nwanyị Anjola''|{{Nom}}
|-
|Ụda Kasị Mma|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards
|Onye Nkwado Kasị Mma
|Mumbi Maina|{{pending}}
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2022 Africa Magic Awards Nominees don land- See who dey list|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60818021|accessdate=2022-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Onye Nwe ejiji Kasị Mma
|Yolanda Okereke|{{pending}}
|-
|Ihe kacha mma
|Abiola Popoola|{{pending}}
|-
|Onye edemede Kasị Mma
|Tunde Babalola|{{pending}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma
|Mildred Okwo na Rita Dominic|{{pending}}
|-
|Onye nduzi kacha mma
|Mildred Okwo|{{pending}}
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|10751454}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Idrissou Mora-Kpai</title>
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[[Usòrò:Imora.jpg|thumb]]
&lt;ref name=&quot;Ithaca&quot;/&gt;'''Idrissou Mora-Kpai''' (amụrụ na 14 Julaị 1967), bụ Onye na-eme ihe nkiri [[Benin|Ndị Benin]] na America. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/idrissou-mora-kpai|title=Idrissou Mora-Kpai at IFFR|publisher=IFFR|accessdate=30 October 2020|archivedate=30 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030211051/https://iffr.com/en/persons/idrissou-mora-kpai}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye a ma ama dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe nkiri Indochina Traces of a Mother, Arlit The Second Paris, na Si-Gueriki The Queen Mother . [1] &lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://idrimora.com/about/|title=Idrissou Mora-Kpai bio|publisher=Idrissou Mora-Kpai official website|accessdate=30 October 2020|archivedate=5 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205190339/https://idrimora.com/about/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191205190339/https://idrimora.com/about/ &quot;Idrissou Mora-Kpai bio&quot;]. Idrissou Mora-Kpai official website&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 October&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gf.org&quot;&gt;https://www.gf.org/fellows/idrissou-mora-kpai/&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye natara John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship [1] na Dutch Prince Claus Award [2]

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
A mụrụ ya na 14 Julaị 1967 na Béroubouay, Northern Benin n'ezinụlọ ndị ọrụ ugbo ehi. Nna ya bụ Mora-Kpai Sounon Dangnon na nne ya bụ Bougnon Yarou Signangui . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ithaca&quot;/&gt;

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere MA na Konrad Wolf Film University nke Babelsberg, Germany. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi nleta na Mahadum Cornell, Mahadum Duke na Mahadim Pittsburgh . &lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot;/&gt; Ugbu &lt;ref name=&quot;filmuniversitaet&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmuniversitaet.de/portrait/person/idrissou-mora-kpai|title=Prof. Idrissou Mora Kpai|publisher=filmuniversitaet|accessdate=30 October 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.filmuniversitaet.de/portrait/person/idrissou-mora-kpai &quot;Prof. Idrissou Mora Kpai&quot;]. filmuniversitaet&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 October&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ọ bi na US. [1] &lt;ref name=&quot;Ithaca&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://faculty.ithaca.edu/imorakpai/|title=Idrissou Mora-Kpai: Assistant Professor, Media Arts, Sciences and Studies|publisher=Ithaca College|accessdate=30 October 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://faculty.ithaca.edu/imorakpai/ &quot;Idrissou Mora-Kpai: Assistant Professor, Media Arts, Sciences and Studies&quot;]. Ithaca College&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 October&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; bụ osote prọfesọ na ngalaba nke nka mgbasa ozi, sayensị na ọmụmụ na Ithaca College . [1]

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, ọ kwagara Cotonou wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, ọ gara Algeria wee si Ịtali kwaga Germany. Mgbe ahụ ọ gụrụ ọmụmụ North America na Mahadum Free nke Berlin site na 1988 ruo 1993. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gụrụ ihe nkiri na Mahadum Konrad Wolf Film site na 1994 ruo 1999. &lt;ref name=&quot;filmuniversitaet&quot;/&gt;'oge mahadum a, o mere ọtụtụ ihe nkiri abụọ dị mkpirikpi, Transient na Fake Soldiers . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ithaca&quot;/&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Harrow|first=Kenneth W.|date=|title=Idrissou Mora Kpai. Si-Gueriki (The Queen Mother). Benin, 2003. 62 minutes. In Bariba and French with English subtitles. Distributed by California Newsreel, 500 Third St., Suite 505, San Francisco, Calif. 94107: www.newsreel.org. VHS. $195.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/idrissou-mora-kpai-sigueriki-the-queen-mother-benin-2003-62-minutes-in-bariba-and-french-with-english-subtitles-distributed-by-california-newsreel-500-third-st-suite-505-san-francisco-calif-94107-wwwnewsreelorg-vhs-195/11975C549CF3FC226304766BA0435316|journal=African Studies Review|language=en|volume=47|issue=2|pages=223–225|doi=10.1017/S0002020600031346|issn=0002-0206}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 1999, Idrissou kwagara Paris wee mee ihe nkiri mbụ ya, ''Si-Gueriki'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Young|first=Deborah|date=2003-02-19|title=Si-Gueriki, The Queen Mother|url=https://variety.com/2003/film/reviews/si-gueriki-the-queen-mother-1200543315/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'afọ 2002. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara otuto &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/399/|title=Biografie Idrissou Mora Kpai|publisher=filme-aus-afrika|accessdate=30 October 2020|archivedate=30 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030182130/http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/399/}}&lt;/ref&gt; nlebara anya mba ụwa. E gosipụtara ya na International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR), Cinema du Réel, Paris na Copenhagen International Film Festival (CIFF). &lt;ref name=&quot;filmuniversitaet&quot;/&gt; nkiri ahụ mechara nye onyinye Best Documentary Award &lt;ref name=&quot;Ithaca&quot;/&gt; Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur . [1] [2]

N'afọ 2002, o guzobere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta 'MKJ Films'. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African, Asia and Latin America Film Festival|url=https://www.fescaaal.org/en/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=Festival del Cinema Africano, d'Asia e America Latina|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ụlọ mmepụta ihe, o mepụtara ihe nkiri abụọ ọzọ; Arlit The Second Paris&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Edwards|first=Russell|date=2005-02-25|title=Arlit, The Second Paris|url=https://variety.com/2005/film/reviews/arlit-the-second-paris-1200527646/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2006-11-28|title=ARLIT: DEUXIEME PARIS Reviews, Uncategorized Film Threat|url=https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/arlit-deuxieme-paris/|accessdate=2023-11-22|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; gosipụtara na The Berlin International Film Festival&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Arlit, deuxième Paris {{!}} Arlit, the Second Paris {{!}} Arlit, ein zweites Paris - Forum 2005|url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2005/programme/20051266.html|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=www.berlinale.de|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Sheffield International Documentary Festival ma mesịa nye ya, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Best Documentary Award na TV5 Award na Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur, ihe nrite kachasị mma na Asian na Latin American Film Festival Milan, ihe nrit kacha mma na Muestra de Cine Africano de Tarifa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FCAT - Festival de Cine Africano de Tarifa~Tánger|url=https://fcat.es/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=FCAT {{!}} Festival de Cine Africano de Tarifa~Tánger|language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Busan International Film Festival|url=https://www.biff.kr/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=Busan International Film Festival}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Community for Black Creativity and News - Blavity News|url=https://blavity.com/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=Blavity News &amp; Politics|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nkiri &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Indochina Traces of a Mother – Idrissou Mora-Kpai|url=https://idrimora.com/projects/indochina-traces-of-a-mother/|accessdate=2023-11-22|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205185557/https://idrimora.com/projects/indochina-traces-of-a-mother/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indochina Traces of a Mother [1] [2] nke otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mepụtara, gosipụtara na Busan International Film Festival, [3] na Cannes International Film Festival,&lt;ref&gt;http://cannes.juryoecumenique.org/actualites/du-cote-des-cinephiles/2011/article/indochine-sur-les-traces-d-une&lt;/ref&gt; French Institute Screening. Ihe nkiri ahụ dọtara uche ndị mgbasa ozi n'ihi ikpughe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a na-amaghị nke ọma banyere ndị agha Afrịka na-alụ ọgụ n'agha Indochina nke France. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ficinema.dz/fr/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2024-03-04 |archivedate=2024-03-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301050224/http://www.ficinema.dz/fr/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; nyere ''Indochina'' ihe nrite kachasị mma na Alger International Film Festival.

N'afọ 2019, o mere ihe nkiri ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20231218172153/https://idrimora.com/projects/america-street/ America Street]'' . Ọ na-enyocha ọgụ kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị Africa America na Charleston, South Carolina mgbe ogbugbu Walter Scott nke afọ 2015 gasịrị. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara otuto &lt;ref&gt;https://sites.duke.edu/researchafrica/files/2021/01/8-The-Syncopation-of-Idrissou-Mora-Kpaiau2019s-America-Street-2020-Judy-Markup.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; egwu ma gosipụta ya n'ọtụtụ mmemme ihe nkiri, gụnyere FID Marseille . &lt;ref&gt;https://fidmarseille.org/en/&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/idrissou-mora-kpai/|title=Idrissou Mora Kpai bio|publisher=africanfilmny|accessdate=30 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.postandcourier.com/charleston_scene/america-street-documentary-on-charleston-s-east-side-community-now-free-to-stream/article_b6ee3b6c-a5a8-11ea-8937-7f051e8ba5f9.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe nkiri
!Ọrụ
!Ụdị
!Ihe mgbochi.
|-
|1996
|''Onye na-agafe agafe''
|Onye nduzi, onye mmepụta, onye edemede, onye nchịkọta akụkọ
|Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi
|
|-
|1999
|''Ndị Agha ụgha''
|Onye nduzi, onye edemede
|Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi&lt;ref&gt;https://www.arsenal-berlin.de/en/forum-forum-expanded/supplement/detailseite-supplement/interview-mit-idrissou-mora-kpai-1/&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|2002
|''Si-Gueriki, Eze Nwanyị''
|Onye nduzi
|Ihe nkiri
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://newsreel.org/video/SI-GUERIKI|title=California Newsreel - SI-GUERIKI|work=newsreel.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1537_whoswho/page9.shtml|title=Who's who at FESPACO|work=www.bbc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|''Arlit: Paris nke Abụọ''
|Onye nduzi, onye mmepụta, onye edemede
|Ihe nkiri
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2005/film/reviews/arlit-the-second-paris-1200527646/|title=Arlit, The Second Paris|first=Russell|author=Edwards|date=February 25, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|''Indochina Ihe Ndị Na-egosi Nne''
|Onye nduzi, onye na-emepụta
|Ihe nkiri
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://idrimora.com/projects/indochina-traces-of-a-mother/|title=Indochina Traces of a Mother – Idrissou Mora-Kpai|accessdate=2024-03-04|archivedate=2019-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205185557/https://idrimora.com/projects/indochina-traces-of-a-mother/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|''America Street''
|Onye nduzi, onye na-emepụta ihe, onye na -ese ihe nkiri
|Ihe nkiri
|
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* Ihe nkiri nke Africa
* Ihe nkiri nke Benin

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Y{{IMDb name|nm1280495}}

gosipụtara na The Berlin International Film Festival na Sheffield International Documentary Festival ma mesịa nye ya, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Best Documentary Award na TV5 ọgụ kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị Africa America na Charleston, South Carolina mgbe ogbugbu Walter Scott{{authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Laskar Atọ ahụ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3265" sha1="94v1znh9v3zxjlesab6x05vp611iora" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''''The Three Lascars''''' ({{lang-fr|Les Trois Lascars}}) bụ ihe nkiri ọchị ọchị Burkinabé 2021 nke Boubacar Diallo duziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=OuiCoprod|url=https://ouicoprod.org/fiche/?id=43|accessdate=2021-11-27|work=ouicoprod.org|archivedate=2021-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127210449/https://ouicoprod.org/fiche/?id=43}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=CANAL+|title=Les Trois Lascars, nouveau film co-produit par CANAL+ International, dès le 5 novembre au cinéma|url=https://www.agenceecofin.com/audiovisuel/0311-92872-les-trois-lascars-nouveau-film-co-produit-par-canal-international-des-le-5-novembre-au-cinema|accessdate=2021-11-27|work=Agence Ecofin|language=fr-fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Les Trois Lascars - Les films d'Avalon|url=https://www.lesfilmsdavalon.fr/fr/en-developpement/les-trois-lascars-LSK.html|accessdate=2021-11-27|work=www.lesfilmsdavalon.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ naanị ihe nkiri Burkinabé elelere na 2021 FESPACO.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-10-21|title=Fespaco : &quot;Les 3 lascars&quot;, seul film burkinabé, fait sensation dans les salles|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/vid%C3%A9o/20211021-fespaco-les-3-lascars-seul-film-burkinab%C3%A9-fait-sensation-dans-les-salles|accessdate=2021-11-27|work=France 24|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-10-21|title=Le film burkinabè « Les trois lascars » enthousiasme le public du Fespaco|url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/culture/20211021-le-film-burkinab%C3%A8-les-trois-lascars-enthousiasme-le-public-du-fespaco|accessdate=2021-11-27|work=RFI|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=KOUAO|first=Cédric|date=2021-10-20|title=LES 3 LASCARS : le film évènement de l'année nominé au Fespaco 2021|url=https://www.elle.ci/people-lifestyle/culture/les-3-lascars-le-film-evenement-de-lannee-nomine-au-fespaco-2021/|accessdate=2021-11-27|work=Elle Côte d'Ivoire|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2021-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127200132/https://www.elle.ci/people-lifestyle/culture/les-3-lascars-le-film-evenement-de-lannee-nomine-au-fespaco-2021/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwa ==
N'okpuru nrụgide sitere n'aka ndị isi ha, ndị enyi atọ (Idriss, Momo na Willy) haziri njem na-abụghị alụmdi na nwunye gaa na họtel dị egwu na mpụga Ouagadougou. Nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe na Abidjan bụ ihe zuru oke maka mmadụ atọ ahụ iji wepụ onwe ha n'aka ndị nwunye ha maka ngwụsị izu. Ozugbo ha rutere, obi ụtọ ha na-ebelata mgbe ha chọpụtara na ụgbọelu ha kwesịrị iburu adaala. N'ịbụ ndị ihere na obi amamikpe na ndị inyom ha gbahapụrụ, ndị ịkwa iko atọ ahụ na-ada mbà n'obi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Les trois lascars - Long-métrage de fiction (100) - Boubakar DIALLO(Burkina Faso)|url=https://www.imagesfrancophones.org/catalogue/les-3-lascars|accessdate=2021-11-27|work=www.imagesfrancophones.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ikpeazụ, ha ga-eche ndị nwunye ha ihu, agụụ maka ịbọ ọbọ mgbe aghụghọ ahụ gasịrị.

== Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==

* Issaka Savadogo
* [[Mahoula Kane]]
* [[Dieudonné Yoda]]
* Zena Alisar Khalil
* Eva Guehi
* Irène Minoungou
* [[Kadhy Touré]]
* Mouna N&quot;Diaye
* Mariam Aida Niatta

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|13697240}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lapp-Lisa</title>
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{{Infobox person
|name               = Lapp-Lisa
| image              = Lapp-Lisa.jpg
| birth_name         = Anna-Lisa Vikström
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1889|10|08|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Vilhelmina]], Sweden
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|1974|04|27|1889|10|08|df=y}}
| death_place        = [[Hedemora]], Sweden
| occupation         = Gospel singer, &lt;br&gt; recording artist
| spouse             = Johan Öst
| children           = Two
}}

&lt;ref&gt;''Hela Sveriges Lapp-Lisa'' by Thorsten Kjäll, (Stockholm: FA-press förlag, 1963).&lt;/ref&gt; Anna-Lisa Öst (8 Ọktoba 1889 - 27 ụgbọ 1974) bụ onye na-abụ abụ ozi ọma na onye na-edekọ isi, bụ onye ama na ndị na-ege Sweden na Swedish-American na 1940s na 1950s.  Ọmụma uwe ndị mmadụ ma mara ya nke ọma dị ka Lapp-Lisa, aha na- akara ihe nketa Sámi nke nsogbu ya.

Anna-Lisa Vikström njiko 8 October 1889, n'ime obodo Mark, 30 km n'ebe ugwu-amata nke Vilhelmina .  [1] Na 1924 ọ ngosi onye ọrụ nzi ozi Johan &quot;Jonte&quot; Öst nke Hedemora, onye ya na ya nwere ihe abụọ: Gun, bụ ndị ha nakweere na 1927, na Siw, onye a ngwaọrụ na 1935. Anna-Lisa Öst  mutuwar 27 1974, ma e liri ya na ọrịka Hedemora &lt;ref name=&quot;Öst Wiki&quot;&gt;[[:sv:Anna-Lisa Öst|Anna-Lisa Öst]] ''sv.wikipedia.org''. Retrieved: 12 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Öst Wiki&quot;&gt;[[:sv:Anna-Lisa Öst|Anna-Lisa Öst]] ''sv.wikipedia.org''. Retrieved: 12 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;Na 1904 Vikström agha nke nta ka mmiri rie n'ihe ụgbọ mmiri mmiri wee ṅụọ iyi na ya ga-arara ndụ ya nye Chineke.  Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na azụ a akarara ya, na 1911 ọ past onye isi na Salvation Army .  Ọ gara n'ihu na post a ruo mgbe ọ ngosi Johan Öst na 1924

&lt;ref name=&quot;Öst Wiki&quot;&gt;[[:sv:Anna-Lisa Öst|Anna-Lisa Öst]] ''sv.wikipedia.org''. Retrieved: 12 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;Mgbe ọnụọgụ na-enye nri ya Anna-Lisa Öst gara n'ihu n'enwe ime ike ya wee gaa Sweden na mba Nordic ndị ọzọ dị ka onye na-abụ abụ ozi ọma.  Ọ bụghị onye mbụ na-agụ ozi ọma a maara dị ka &quot;Lapp-Lisa&quot;, mana ọ bụ onye ama ama.  Lisa Thomasson (1878–1932) ejirila aha ahụ bụrụ.

&lt;ref&gt;''Med barnatro genom världen: Lapp-Lisa berättar om sitt liv,'' by Anna-Lisa Öst, (Stockholm: Harrier, 1958).&lt;/ref&gt;Lapp-Lisa nwere akwụkwọ ozi nke ọtụtụ abụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha ike n'aka nne ya.  O mere mbụ mbụ ya na 1929 wee wepụta ihe egwu egwu 400 na Sweden na America kpara ọtụtụ afọ.  Egwu mbinye aka ya &quot; Barnatro&lt;/link&gt; &quot;('Okwukwe iche') bụ ihe ọmụmụ abụọ nke Atlantic wee ree ihe ụmụaka 100,000.  Ndị gburu ndụ ya na nwata nwoke: Lapp-Lisa na-akọ akụkọ ndụ ya.

Na 1949, 1954 na 1959 Lapp-Lisa gara United States, ebe ọ na-eme njem n'ọtụtụ ebe ma dekọọ ọtụtụ egwu.  Na njem ikpeazụ ya, ọlụ na steeti iri na asaa wee kesaa akwụkwọ Ndị ya na iri puku kwuru puku ndị Swedish-America 

N'afọ 2001, ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Lapp-Lisa mepere n'obodo ya bụ Mark. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120426082742/http://oar.vbm.se/manniskooden/lapp_lisa.html Lapp-Lisa] ''vbm.se''. Retrieved: 2 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ ka ọ nwụsịrị, egwu Lapp-Lisa na-aga n'ihu site na ire ndekọ, CD na nbudata dijitalụ na ịntanetị. Ọtụtụ n'ime egwu ya na-apụtakwa na webụsaịtị nkekọrịta vidiyo. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Lapp-Lisa&amp;sm=3 Lapp-Lisa] ''youtube.com''. Retrieved: 21 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ọgụgụ ọzọ ==

* Lapp-Lisa at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220816072118/https://lappland-hall-of-fame.se/LAPPLISA.htm Lapp-Lisa na Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Lappland] (in Swedish)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20241201230905/http://www.avesta-hasse.se/folkare/arkivet/images_kgv/Image2_1000.jpg Foto nke ili Lapp-Lisa na Hedemora]
* Lapp-Lisa at Swedish music and film   (in Swedish)
* [https://smdb.kb.se/catalog/search?q=%28Lapp-Lisa%29 Lapp-Lisa na Swedish Media Database] (in Swedish)
* [https://archive.org/download/SwedishSongsOfFaith/01Lapp-lisaSongbookD.pdf Lapp-Lisa]
* [[iarchive:SwedishSongsOfFaith|''Abụ nke Okwukwe Sweden'' - Ebe nchekwa ịntanetị]]
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Lapp-Lisa%22 Egwu sitere na Lapp-Lisa - Ebe nchekwa ịntanetị]
* [http://archives.gac.edu/cdm/search/collection/ScanAm/searchterm/Lapp-Lisa/field/all/mode/any/conn/and/order/title/ad/asc Lapp-Lisa audio – Gustavus Adolphus College]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240229185621/https://www.filmarkivet.se/movies/lapp-lisa/ Lapp-Lisa (1949) - ihe nkiri na Filmarkivet.se] (in Swedish)
[[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]]</text>
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    <title>Lucas Mkenda</title>
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'''Lucas Mkenda''' nke a maara nke ọma dị ka '''Maazị Nice''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 March 2020|title=Meet Tanzania music legend Mr Nice on his career downfall, family, health status, controversies|url=https://www.maravipost.com/meet-tanzania-music-legend-mr-nice-on-his-career-downfall-family-health-status-controversies/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=The Maravi Post|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye na-agụ egwú nke Tanzania na otu n'ime ndị na-agụ egwu a ma ama n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka na-achịkwa egwu East Afrịka na mbido afọ puku abụọ n'akụkụ Jose Chameleone nke Uganda na [[Jua Cali]] nke Kenya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Veteran Singer Mr. Nice thrown into mourning following mum's death|url=https://ghettoradio.co.ke/amp/veteran-singer-mr-nice-thrown-into-mourning-following-mums-death/|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=GhettoRadio 89.5 FM|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226001245/https://ghettoradio.co.ke/amp/veteran-singer-mr-nice-thrown-into-mourning-following-mums-death/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mkenda &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=TZA|first=Victor Kileo|title=Mr Nice kafunguka na kusema ‘Sijutii chochote, vitu vyote nimeshafanya’ (+Audio)|url=https://millardayo.com/2wsxxderf/|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=Millard Ayo|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; gara ọkachamara n'afọ 1999 site na ntọhapụ nke abọm izizi ya, Kid Poali, na ngwụcha afọ puku abụọ na abụọ ọ wepụtara abọm nke abụọ ya, ''Rafiki'', kwa egwu ya; &quot;Kikulacho&quot;, &quot;Fagilia Wote&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fagilia wote! Maina Kageni hooks up Mr Nice with three top producers|url=https://mpasho.co.ke/exclusives/2020-08-18-fagilia-wote-maina-kageni-hooks-up-mr-nice-with-three-top-producers/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Mpasho|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mukei|first=Cate|title='Fagilia' hit maker Mr Nice's illness worries Chameleone|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/county-western/article/2000176648/fagilia-hit-maker-mr-nices-illness-worries-chameleone|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Standard Entertainment}}&lt;/ref&gt; na &quot;Kuku Kapanda Baiskeli&quot; so n'ime egwu egwu egwu ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=admin|date=19 December 2013|title=Tanzanian Fagilia Hit Maker, Mr. Nice Lands Filming Deal In Denmark|url=https://diasporamessenger.com/2013/12/tanzanian-fagilia-hit-maker-mr-nice-lands-filming-deal-in-denmark/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Diaspora Messenger News Media|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye a ma ama maka ụdị 'Takeu' ya  nke sitere na mbido [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]] na-etinye ihe sitere na mba atọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 April 2021|title=Mr Nice rubbishes rumours|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/mr-nice-rubbishes-rumours-2625910|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=The Citizen|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
A mụrụ Lucas Mkenda na 1978, Chaga na Moshi, Tanzania. Ya na nwunye ya bi na [[Kenya]] ugbu a, ha nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=SDE|title=PHOTOS: Mr Nice introduces all-grown daughter|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/african-news/article/2001300904/photos-mr-nice-introduces-all-grown-daughter|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=Standard Entertainment}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mfahamu mtoto wa kwanza wa Mr Nice, ni mrembo kweli (Picha) – Bongo5.com|url=https://bongo5.com/mfahamu-mtoto-wa-kwanza-wa-mr-nice-ni-mrembo-kweli-picha-10-2018/|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=bongo5.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 May 2015|title=Tanzanian Artiste Mr Nice Welcomes Second Child|url=https://www.citizen.digital/news/tanzanian-artiste-mr-nice-welcomes-second-child-68337|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=Citizen Digital|language=en-KE}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2021, nne Maazị Nice nke bi na Moshi, Tanzania nwụrụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Muendo|first=Stevens|title=Mr Nice mourns the loss of his mother|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/news/article/2001427978/mr-nice-mourns-the-loss-of-his-mother|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=Standard Entertainment}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Arụmụka ==
Ọtụtụ arụmụka gbara gburugburu Mkenda ka ọrụ egwu ya na-agbadata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Khasiani (Writer)|first=Nwasante|date=17 April 2013|title=What Happened To Mr. Nice? Why was He Completely Ruined? Find Out Here!|url=https://www.ghafla.com/what-happened-to-mr-nice-why-was-he-completely-ruined-find-out-here/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Ghafla!|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe gara n'ebe ndịda mgbe ọ gara South Afrịka , na [[South Africa|Mzansi]], Mkenda nwere ihe na-eme ka ọ daa nke a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè na obi ụtọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gah|first=Cabu|date=19 September 2016|title=REVEALED: How A Top Tanzanian Singer Is Living In Shame,Debts And Drunkenness In Kenya's Athi River Estate. (Photos)|url=https://www.ghafla.com/revealed-how-a-top-tanzanian-singer-is-living-in-shamedebts-and-drunkenness-in-kenyas-athi-river-estate-photos/|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=Ghafla!|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226000753/https://www.ghafla.com/revealed-how-a-top-tanzanian-singer-is-living-in-shamedebts-and-drunkenness-in-kenyas-athi-river-estate-photos/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-apụ n'anya ruo nwa oge, asịrị kwuru na ọ kwasoro obere nwa agbọghọ iko n'ike ma jide ya,  ọtụtụ okwu gbasara na ọ nwụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=#TBT The Truth Behind What Really Happened To Mr Nice. – VarCity|url=https://www.varcity.co.ke/amp/tbt-the-truth-behind-what-really-happened-to-mr-nice/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=www.varcity.co.ke|archivedate=2022-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225232133/https://www.varcity.co.ke/amp/tbt-the-truth-behind-what-really-happened-to-mr-nice/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Dizemba, otu n'ime ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka kwuru na Mkenda anwụọla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Milimo|first=Dennis|date=18 March 2021|title=Singer Mr. Nice Survives Grisly Road Accident while headed to Nyahururu (Video)|url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/singer-mr-nice-survives-grisly-road-accident-while-headed-to-nyahururu-video/5c9gcs3|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=Pulselive Kenya}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe awa ole na ole gachara, ọ ghọrọ asịrị mgbe onye egwu ahụ site na mmekọrịta ya mesiri ndị na-akwado ya obi ike na ọ dị ndụ  na nke ọma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mukei|first=Cate|title=I'm still alive- Mr Nice dismisses death rumours|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/county-western/article/2000226990/im-still-alive-mr-nice-dismisses-death-rumours|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Standard Entertainment}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Muhindo|first=Clare|title=Tanzanian Music legend Mr Nice still alive – Sqoop – Get Uganda entertainment news, celebrity gossip, videos and photos|url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201612/four-one-one/tanzanian-music-legend-mr-nice-still-alive.html|accessdate=2022-12-25|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mkenda na-agbalị itute ọrụ ya r,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 August 2022|title=Legendary Tanzania Singer Mr Nice and How His Celebrated Career Ended [PHOTOS]|url=https://www.ghanamma.com/ke/2022/08/20/legendary-tanzania-singer-mr-nice-and-how-his-celebrated-career-ended-photos/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Ghanamma.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225233635/https://www.ghanamma.com/ke/2022/08/20/legendary-tanzania-singer-mr-nice-and-how-his-celebrated-career-ended-photos/}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'otu oge ọ kwalara [[Tanzania]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kavii|first=Felix|title=Mr Nice explains why he does not intend to go back to Tanzania|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/news/article/2001382248/mr-nice-explains-why-he-does-not-intend-to-go-back-to-tanzania|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Standard Entertainment}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibi n'[[Uganda|Uganda ebe o nyere mkpesa ']]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 October 2020|title=Mr Nice: I'm doing just fine and making money in Kampala|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/mr-nice-i-m-doing-just-fine-and-making-money-in-kampala-2709032|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=The Citizen|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 September 2018|title=Broke and lonely Mr Nice ‘stranded’ in Kampala|url=https://nairobinews.nation.africa/mr-nice/|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=Nairobi News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ray|first=Lee|date=11 May 2020|title=Legendary Tanzanian Bongo Flava Singer, Mr. Nice Stuck In Kampala|url=https://www.routineblast.com/legendary-tanzanian-bongo-flava-singer-mr-nice-stuck-in-kampala/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz , Breaking News in Uganda|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225234811/https://www.routineblast.com/legendary-tanzanian-bongo-flava-singer-mr-nice-stuck-in-kampala/}}&lt;/ref&gt;cyber and physical attacks&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mr Nice talks about his near death experience after he was poisoned|url=https://mpasho.co.ke/exclusives/2021-01-27-mr-nice-talks-about-his-near-death-experience-after-he-was-poisoned/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Mpasho|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; he faced that nearly costed his life. In 2013 he resided in [[Kenya]] and signing with a record label&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ruby|first=Josh|date=20 August 2018|title=Mr Nice back in studio, working on big East African projects|url=http://mbu.ug/2018/08/20/mr-nice-back-in-studio-working-on-big-east-african-projects/|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=MBU|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; before being dropped&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Watiri|first=Sue|date=31 August 2015|title=Mr. Nice Reveals His Next Step after His Career Crashed and Burned In Kenya|url=https://www.ghafla.com/mr-nice-reveals-his-next-step-after-his-career-crashed-and-burned-in-kenya/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Ghafla!|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; just a few months later, also claims that he was HIV positive&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nyanga|first=Caroline|title=I am not HIV positive, Tanzanian star Mr Nice rubbishes illness rumours|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/news/article/2000222550/i-am-not-hiv-positive-tanzanian-star-mr-nice-rubbishes-illness-rumours|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=Standard Entertainment}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Roberto|first=Muyela|date=7 November 2016|title=Mr Nice: Look at me? Do I look HIV positive?|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/221078-mr-nice-look-do-i-hiv-positive.html|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=Tuko.co.ke – Kenya news.|language=en|archivedate=2022-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226000755/https://www.tuko.co.ke/221078-mr-nice-look-do-i-hiv-positive.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; and being broke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Iranzi|first=Fabrice|date=23 April 2019|title=Singer Mr. Nice has denied claims that he is broke|url=https://regionweek.com/singer-mr-nice-has-denied-claims-that-he-is-broke/|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=RegionWeek|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=There is a God! Mr Nice shows off his sleek Mercedes ride after being branded dirt broke|url=https://mpasho.co.ke/exclusives/2020-03-27-there-is-a-god-mr-nice-shows-off-his-sleek-mercedes-ride-after-being-branded-dirt-broke/|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=Mpasho|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 May 2020|title=&quot;I drive with money in my boot&quot; Mr. Nice refutes allegations he is broke|url=https://ghettoradio.co.ke/i-drive-with-money-in-my-boot-mr-nice-refutes-allegations-he-is-broke/|accessdate=2022-12-26|work=GhettoRadio 89.5 FM|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226000757/https://ghettoradio.co.ke/i-drive-with-money-in-my-boot-mr-nice-refutes-allegations-he-is-broke/}}&lt;/ref&gt; were everywhere however, he came out to deny all these claims publicly.
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Laiwan</title>
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      <text bytes="15803" sha1="jgwqibxlyfm1tfz1c5zdj20yd03wvc9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Laiwan''' (amuru 1961) bu onye omenkà n’etiti mba Zimbabwe, onye nkatọ nka, onye na-ese ihe, ode akwukwo, onye nleba anya na onye nkuzi. Omume ya sara mbara dabere na uri na [[Ákọ na Uche|nkà ihe ọmụma]] . Ọ bi na Vancouver, British Columbia .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Laiwan na Harare, Zimbabwe na 1961. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)&quot;&gt;Ezinụlọ&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5B; &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Canada na 1977 ịhapụ agha na Rhodesia . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Laiwan {{!}} Artspeak|url=https://artspeak.ca/laiwan/|accessdate=2024-02-02|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202194552/https://artspeak.ca/laiwan/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Emily Carr College of Art and Design (nke bụ Emily Carr University of Art and Design ) na 1983. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vancouver|first=520 East 1st Avenue|date=2023-08-01|title=Laiwan Wins 2023 VIVA Award for the Visual Arts|url=https://www.ecuad.ca/news/2023/laiwan-wins-2023-viva-award-for-the-visual-arts|accessdate=2024-02-02|work=www.ecuad.ca|language=en|archivedate=2024-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202194553/https://www.ecuad.ca/news/2023/laiwan-wins-2023-viva-award-for-the-visual-arts}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1999, ọ natara MFA site na Mahadum Simon Fraser na Vancouver, British Columbia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=LAIWAN, busy SCA alumni|url=https://www.sfu.ca/content/sfu/sca/events---news/news/laiwan--busy-sca-alumni.html|accessdate=2024-02-02|work=www.sfu.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Laiwan » Authors » Talonbooks|url=https://talonbooks.com/authors/laiwan|accessdate=2024-02-02|work=talonbooks.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwere mmasị na uri na nkà ihe ọmụma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://canadianart.ca/reviews/da-bao-takeout-varley/|title=(Da bao)(Takeout): Good to Go – Canadian Art|work=Canadian Art|accessdate=2017-03-18|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sitefactory.ca/calendar/2016/3/20/june|title=Unconventional Art Practices: An Evening of Artist Talks|work=SiteFactory|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-18|archivedate=2018-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306142225/http://www.sitefactory.ca/calendar/2016/3/20/june}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laiwan emeriela ọtụtụ ihe nrite, dị ka onyinye 2021 Emily Award sitere na Mahadum Emily Carr . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vancouver|first=520 East 1st Avenue|date=2021-05-13|title=Attending to Small Marvels with Interdisciplinary Artist Laiwan|url=https://www.ecuad.ca/news/2021/attending-to-small-marvels-with-interdisciplinary-artist-laiwan|accessdate=2022-03-24|work=www.ecuad.ca|language=en|archivedate=2024-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226041021/https://www.ecuad.ca/news/2021/attending-to-small-marvels-with-interdisciplinary-artist-laiwan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ tọrọ ntọala Or Gallery na 1983, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About — L A I W A N|url=https://www.laiwanette.net/about|accessdate=2022-03-24|work=L A I W A N|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe ebumnuche ya bụ ịchụpụ akụkọ ifo gbasara enweghị ike ịtọ ntọala na ịrụ ụlọ gallery, ọkachasị maka ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Williams|first=Carol|title=Vancouver Anthology, Stan Douglas, ed.|date=2011|publisher=Talonbooks/Or Gallery|location=Vancouver|isbn=978-0-88922-614-2|pages=209}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Grunt gallery Board of directors site na 2010 ruo 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://grunt.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Annual-Report-2013-2014-Web-Version.pdf|title=grunt gallery Annual Report, 2013–2014|publisher=grunt gallery, Vancouver|accessdate=March 18, 2017|archivedate=December 20, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220095538/http://grunt.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Annual-Report-2013-2014-Web-Version.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://grunt.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/gruntgallery-annual-report-2011_2012-web.pdf|title=grunt gallery Annual Report 2011–2012|publisher=grunt gallery, Vancouver|accessdate=March 18, 2017|archivedate=March 19, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319113256/http://grunt.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/gruntgallery-annual-report-2011_2012-web.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ihe ngosi Solo ===

* ''Laiwan: traces, Erasures, Resistance'', The Morris na Helen Belkin Art Gallery, UBC, 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Laiwan: Traces, Erasures, Resists|url=https://belkin.ubc.ca/exhibitions/laiwan-traces-erasures-resists/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wadsley|first=Helena|date=2022-02-07|title=Laiwan|url=https://www.gallerieswest.ca/api/content/758838a0-7c87-11ec-a06a-12f1225286c6/|accessdate=2023-04-27|work=Galleries West|language=en-ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Traces, Erasures, Resists&quot; — Laiwan|url=https://cmagazine.com/articles/traces-erasures-resists-laiwan|accessdate=2023-04-27|work=“Traces, Erasures, Resists” — Laiwan|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Kedu ka mmiri si echeta'', Massy Arts, Vancouver, 2021 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gallery Exhibition / &quot;How Water Remembers&quot; by Laiwan – Massy Arts|url=https://massyarts.com/event/gallery-exhibition-how-water-remembers-by-laiwan/|accessdate=2022-03-24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Isi iyi'', Mgbidi dị na CBC Plaza, nke Vancouver Heritage Foundation nyere ọrụ, 2015 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vancouverheritagefoundation.org/projects/the-wall/|title=Vancouver Heritage Foundation Projects: The WALL|work=Vancouver Heritage Foundation|accessdate=March 18, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ọrụ rụrụ arụ'', ma ọ bụ osisi, Vancouver, 2008 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.orgallery.org/loose-work|title=Or Gallery Exhibition: &quot;Loose Work&quot;|accessdate=March 18, 2017|archivedate=March 4, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031458/http://www.orgallery.org/loose-work}}&lt;/ref&gt; na kwa na Main, 2008 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://onmaingallery.com/news/2008/08/11/laiwan-loose-work/|title=News : On Main Gallery|author=Gallery|first=On Main|work=onmaingallery.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319113908/http://onmaingallery.com/news/2008/08/11/laiwan-loose-work/|archivedate=2017-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Duet: Etude For Solitudes'', YYZ Artist's Outlet / Images Festival, Toronto, 2006 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.yyzartistsoutlet.org/2006/03/laiwan-duet-etude-for-solitudes/|title=Laiwan: Duet: Etude for Solitudes|date=2006-03-11|work=YYZ|accessdate=2017-03-18|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Quartet maka afọ 4698 ma ọ bụ 5760: Mmezi maka ndị na-emepụta ihe anọ'', ya na Lori Freedman, Open Space Gallery, Victoria, 2002 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://openspace.ca/programming/quartet-year-4698-or-5760-improvisation-four-projectors|title=Quartet for the Year 4698 or 5760: improvisation for four projectors {{!}} Open Space|work=openspace.ca|language=en|accessdate=2017-03-18|archivedate=2017-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319112626/http://openspace.ca/programming/quartet-year-4698-or-5760-improvisation-four-projectors}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe ngosi otu ===

* ''Ihuenyo obodo'', ya na ''PANDEMIA - ihe nkiri ahụ'', [[Libby Leshgold Gallery]], 2021-2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Laiwan: PANDEMIA — The Movie|url=https://libby.ecuad.ca/events/2021/laiwan-pandemia.html|accessdate=2022-03-24|work=libby.ecuad.ca|archivedate=2022-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418133704/https://libby.ecuad.ca/events/2021/laiwan-pandemia.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Echiche, n'èzí'', Amy Kazymerchyk chepụtara, Western Front, Vancouver, 2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Thought, outside&quot; group exhibition at the Western Front — L A I W A N|url=https://www.laiwanette.net/news/2020/11/24/thought-outside-group-exhibition-at-the-western-front|accessdate=2022-03-24|work=L A I W A N|date=24 November 2020|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418133709/https://www.laiwanette.net/news/2020/11/24/thought-outside-group-exhibition-at-the-western-front}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Malite na iri asaa: GLUT,'' nke Lorna Brown chepụtara, Morris na Helen Belkin Art Gallery, UBC, 2018 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://belkin.ubc.ca/current/beginning-with-the-seventies-glut|title=Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery {{!}} Beginning with the Seventies GLUT|work=belkin.ubc.ca|accessdate=2018-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Site na windo: Nkà na-ahụ anya na SFU 1965-2015'' ; Ụlọ ihe ngosi SFU, Vancouver na Burnaby, BC, 2015 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sfu.ca/galleries/sfu-gallery/current.html|title=Through a Window: Visual Art and SFU 1965–2015 – SFU Galleries – Simon Fraser University|accessdate=2017-03-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Da Bao: Wepụ'', Plọg na ICA, Winnipeg, Manitoba; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://plugin.org/exhibitions/2013/da-baotakeout|title=(Da bao)(Takeout) {{!}} Plug In ICA|work=plugin.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319113537/https://plugin.org/exhibitions/2013/da-baotakeout|archivedate=2017-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Surrey Art Gallery, Surrey, BC, 2013 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.surrey.ca/culture-recreation/17362.aspx|title=(Da bao)(Takeout)|author=Surrey|first=City of|work=www.surrey.ca|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-18|archivedate=2017-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319195718/http://www.surrey.ca/culture-recreation/17362.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Da Bao: Wepụ'', Chọrọ site na Shannon Anderson / Doug Lewis, Varley Art Gallery, Markham, ON, Mississauga Art Gallery. NA, 2012 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://canadianart.ca/reviews/da-bao-takeout-varley/|title=(Da bao)(Takeout): Good to Go – Canadian Art|work=Canadian Art|accessdate=2017-03-18|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''c.1983: Akụkụ 1&amp;2'', nke Helga Pakasaar chepụtara, Ụlọ ihe ngosi ngosi, North Vancouver, BC, 2012 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://presentationhousegallery.org/exhibition/c-1983/|title=C.1983 – Presentation House Gallery|work=presentationhousegallery.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-18|date=2011-12-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ihe niile kwa ụbọchị'', nke Bruce Grenville kwadoro, Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, BC, 2010 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanartgallery.bc.ca/the_exhibitions/exhibit_everything_everyday.html|title=Vancouver Art Gallery|work=www.vanartgallery.bc.ca|accessdate=2017-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226162208/http://www.vanartgallery.bc.ca/the_exhibitions/exhibit_everything_everyday.html|archivedate=2019-02-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ogologo oge ole ka ọ dị ugbu a: Art Contemporary si Ebe a,'' nke Kathleen Ritter kwadoro, Vancouver Art Gallery, 2009 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ahva.ubc.ca/events/event/how-soon-is-now-contemporary-art-from-here/|title=HOW SOON IS NOW: Contemporary Art from Here {{!}} AHVA – The Department of Art History, Visual Art &amp; Theory|work=ahva.ubc.ca|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanartgallery.bc.ca/the_exhibitions/exhibit_how_soon_is_now.html|title=Vancouver Art Gallery|work=www.vanartgallery.bc.ca|accessdate=2017-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802071451/https://www.vanartgallery.bc.ca/the_exhibitions/exhibit_how_soon_is_now.html|archivedate=2018-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Oke nke ndidi: Nhazigharị amụma steeti ọtụtụ omenala'', Center A Gallery, Vancouver, BC, 2007 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://e-artexte.ca/20189/|title=Limits of Tolerance : Re-framing Multicultural State Policy|author=Liz|first=Park|date=2007-01-01|language=en|accessdate=2017-03-18|isbn=9780973271171}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ọchụchọ otu: Art in the Library'', Vancouver Public Library, Vancouver, BC, 2007 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://othersights.ca/laiwan-call-numbers-the-library-recordings/|title=Laiwan: Call Numbers – The Library Recordings – other sights|work=othersights.ca|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* mgbawa : mgbawa, Artspeak, Vancouver, BC &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://artspeak.ca/laiwan/|title=Laiwan {{!}} Artspeak|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-09|archivedate=2021-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618182441/https://artspeak.ca/laiwan/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ ndị akọwapụtara saịtị ===
Na 2016 dị ka akụkụ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọchịchị Obodo nke Vancouver, usoro nke ''Coastal City'', Laiwan gosipụtara ''Barnacle City'', nke a na-atụ anya na ụlọ dị iche iche na obodo Vancouver. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.straight.com/arts/717276/works-laiwan-and-ryan-peter-part-vancouvers-latest-coastal-city-public-art-installations|title=Works by Laiwan and Ryan Peter part of Vancouver's latest Coastal City public art installations|date=2016-06-14|work=Georgia Straight Vancouver's News &amp; Entertainment Weekly|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2018, Laiwan malitere ''Mobile Barnacle City Live/Work Studio'', ihe nrụnye emepụtara na bọs SiteFactory, nke bụ akụkụ nke usoro mmemme ''Living Labs iri dị iche iche'' nke Mahadum Emily Carr . Etinyere ''Mobile Barnacle City'' n'ebe dị iche iche na gburugburu Chinatown na Vancouver. Ọrụ ahụ metụtakwara T'uy'tanat-Cease Wyss na Anne Riley .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://research.ecuad.ca/livinglabs/projects/ten-different-things/|title=Projects / Ten Different Things {{!}} 2017 – 2018|accessdate=2024-05-23|archivedate=2024-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814131230/https://research.ecuad.ca/livinglabs/projects/ten-different-things/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Curatorial ==
Na 2014, Laiwan curated ''Queering the International'', ihe ngosi akụkụ nke Queer Arts Festival, nke mere na Roundhouse Community Arts and Recreation Center. Ihe ngosi ahụ nyochara okwu gbasara njirimara mmekọahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.straight.com/arts/696156/queering-international-speaks-love-hate-around-world|title=Queering the International speaks to love, hate around the world|date=2014-07-30|work=Georgia Straight Vancouver's News &amp; Entertainment Weekly|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==

=== Katalọgụ ===

* Kathleen Ritter, ''Olee mgbe ugbu a'', ihe ngosi katalọgụ, Vancouver Art Gallery, 2009
* Ogige Liz, ''Oke nke ndidi: Nhazigharị amụma steeti ọtụtụ omenala'', katalọgụ ngosi, Center A 2007

=== Nyocha nke ọrụ Laiwan ===

* ''Art Queer na-ekwu maka ịhụnanya, ịkpọ asị gburugburu ụwa'' site n'aka Robin Laurence, The Georgia Straight, Julaị 31-August 7, 2014 Mpịakọta 48, nọmba 2432
* ''QAF na-agbatị aka ya, na-adọta talent kachasị elu'' nke Dana Gee, akwụkwọ akụkọ Province, Julaị 22, 2014
* ''Ntụle Nkà Dijitalụ &amp; Sekọnd 10 n'ime oge rịọ ndị na-ege ntị ka ha kwụsị ma tụlee'' site Robin Laurence, The Georgia Straight, Ọgọst 21, 2012, pg. 33

=== Na-ede ===

* ''LUNG: N'ebe embodying'' na DAMP, anthology na ndị na-ese mgbasa ozi nke Vancouver, Anvil Press, Vancouver, 2008 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=DAMP: Contemporary Vancouver Media Art|author=Laiwan|publisher=Anvil Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1895636895|location=Vancouver|pages=112–113|chapter=LUNG: toward embodying}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ed Pien : Ịse akwụkwọ akụkọ Hauntology'' na nka Canada, Summer 2007, Vol. 24 #2 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://canadianart.ca/features/ed-pien/|title=Ed Pien: Drawing Hauntology – Canadian Art|work=Canadian Art|accessdate=2017-03-18|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
ntọala Or Gallery na 1983,  ebe ebumnuche ya bụ ịchụpụ akụkọ ifo gbasara enweghị ike ịtọ ntọala na ịrụ ụlọ gallery, ọkachasị maka ụmụ nwanyị.  Ọ bụ onye isi oche{{Reflist}}
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    <title>Ian Berry (onye na-ese foto)</title>
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{{Infobox person|image=Ian Berry - Photojournalist.jpg}}

{{Databox}}'''Ian Berry''' (amụrụ 1934) bụ onye na-ese foto Britain nwere foto Magnum . O mere aha ya na South Africa, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ''Daily Mail'' ma mesịa rụọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Drum'' . Ọ bụ naanị ya bụ onye na-ese foto dekọtara ogbugbu e gburu na Sharpeville na 1960, ma e ji foto ya mee ihe n’ikpe ahụ iji gosi na aka adịghị ọcha ndị ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Storm|first=Christian|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/read/ian-berry-magnum-interview-sharpeville-massacre|title=Ian Berry Takes Jaw-Dropping Photos of Massacres and Floods &amp;#124; VICE &amp;#124; United Kingdom|publisher=VICE|date=2013-05-01|accessdate=2015-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Henri Cartier-Bresson kpọkwara Ian Berry ka ọ sonyere foto Magnum na 1962 mgbe ọ dabere na Paris; afọ ise ka e mesịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye òtù zuru ezu.

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Berry na Preston, Lancashire, England .

== Ọrụ ịse foto ==
Ọ kwagara South Africa na 1952, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/ian-berry|title=Ian Berry: Information from|publisher=Answers.com|date=|accessdate=2015-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe ọ kuziri onwe ya foto n'oge na-adịghị anya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2007/aug/09/features11|title=Ian Berry on his photography &amp;#124; Art and design|work=The Guardian|date=9 August 2007|accessdate=2015-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke [[Roger Madden]], onye na-ese foto South Africa bụ onye nyere aka Ansel Adams .  Mgbe oge ụfọdụ dị ka onye na-ese foto na-amu amu, Berry malitere ịse obodo na agbamakwụkwọ. N'ime oge a ọ zutere [[Jürgen Schadeberg]], bụkwa onye Europe kwabatara na onye na-ese foto. Enyere Schadeberg ọkwa na akwụkwọ akụkọ Sunday Sunday ọhụrụ eGoli mana ọ jụrụ, na-atụ aro Berry itinye akwụkwọ maka ọnọdụ ahụ kama. Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ ebe ahụ naanị ọnwa 10, akwụkwọ akụkọ mechiri, Berry wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na Benoni City Times, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ bịara nwee mmasị karị n'ịrụ ọrụ onwe ya.

Berry laghachiri na Great Britain wee mee njem ruo oge ụfọdụ mana ọ laghachiri na South Africa na mbido 1960 wee rụọ ọrụ maka ''Daily Mail'' . Mgbe e mesịrị Tom Hopkinson, onye nchịkọta akụkọ mbụ nke British ''Picture Post'', goro Berry ka ọ rụọ ọrụ maka magazin ''Drum'' . Ọ nọ na Sharpeville na 21 Maachị 1960, mgbe ngagharị iwe udo tụgharịrị bụrụ ime ihe ike, butere ọnwụ nke mmadụ 69 na mmerụ ahụ nke ndị uwe ojii 178 ndị ọzọ. Enweghị foto ndị ọzọ na-edekọ ihe omume ahụ, na Berry's abanyela n'ihe akaebe n'okwu ikpe ụlọikpe na-egosi na ndị ahụ e merụrụ ahụ emeghị ihe ọjọọ ọ bụla. Berry kpọrọ Henri Cartier-Bresson ka ọ sonyere Magnum Foto na 1962 mgbe ọ dabeere na Paris ; afọ ise ka e mesịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye òtù zuru ezu. Na 1964 ọ kwagara [[London]] wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na ''magazin Observer'' . Kemgbe ahụ, ọ na-ejegharị n'ụwa nile, na-edekọ esemokwu ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na [[China]], [[Republic of the Congo|Republic of Congo]], Czechoslovakia, [[Ethiopia]], [[Israel]], Ireland, Vietnam, na Soviet Union mbụ. O nyela aka na mbipụta gụnyere ''Esquire'', ''Fortune'', ''Geo'', ''Life'', ''National Geographic'', ''Paris-Match'', na ''Stern'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ian Berry's Web site&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ianberrymagnum.com/index.php|title=Ian Berry &amp;#124; Magnum Photos|publisher=Ianberrymagnum.com|date=2015-01-31|accessdate=2015-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E gosipụtara foto Berry n'ụwa nile ma ụfọdụ na-agụnye ugbu a na foto Magnum: Nchịkọta foto na Harry Ransom Center, Mahadum Texas na Austin . Bob Dylan na-eji otu foto ya maka mkpuchi nke album ya ''Rough na Rowdy Ways .''

== Ihe nrite ==

* 1959: Nikon World Photo Contest Awards - 1st na 3rd
* 1959: Foto ndị nta akụkọ Britain, Onye na-ese foto nke afọ
* 1960: [[British Press Pictures|Foto ndị nta akụkọ Britain]], Onye na-ese foto nke afọ
* 1969: Art Directors Club of New York Award
* 1974: Enyere British Arts Council akwụkwọ ikike foto izizi mbụ (dugara n'akwụkwọ ya, ''The English'' )
* 1977: Nikon Photographer of Year Award (nke mbụ)
* 1981: 1981 Pix nke Afọ, akụkọ magazin, onyinye sitere na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Missouri nke Journalism na National Press Photographers Association
* 1990: Emere Onye Ọpụrụiche, [[University of Lancashire|Mahadum Lancashire]]
* 1995: Emere onye otu nsọpụrụ nke Royal Photographic Society &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-09-29|title=Honorary Fellowship|url=https://rps.org/about/awards/history-and-recipients/honorary-fellowship/|work=rps.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2005: Ihe nrite akwụkwọ akụkọ foto nke mba maka mmezu ndụ oge niile na foto

== Akwụkwọ ==

* ''Bekee'', 1978.
* ''Foto ụwa: 25 nnukwu ndị na-ese foto'' nke Bryn Campbell, 1981.
* ''Ndị ojii na ndị ọcha: L'Afrique du Sud'' nwere okwu mmalite nke François Mitterrand, 1988.
* ''Les Grands Travaux'' ya na Martine Franck na Rene Burri, France: RMN, 1989.
* ''N'oge anyị: Ụwa dị ka ndị na-ese foto MAGNUM hụrụ'' . WW Norton, 1990.  .
* ''Living Apart'', ederede nke Archbishọp [[Desmond Tutu]] . Phaidon Press, 1996. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3523-5|978-0-7148-3523-5]] .
* ''Ian Berry, I Grandi Fotografi'', 2006.
* ''Mar: A Pesca na Galicia'', 2008.
* ''E rere ya n'ime ịgba ohu'', mbipụta CDP, 2008. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-2-35130-032-9|978-2-35130-032-9]] .

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120323125252/http://www.magnumphotos.com/Archive/C.aspx?VP=XSpecific_MAG.Biography_VPage&amp;AID=2K7O3R14WW99 Magnum Photos, biography on Berry]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090303042324/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/berry-i.htm South Africa history online]
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'''Louis Hudson Persley''' (c.1888–1932), &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mary|first=Stanton|date=September 18, 2017|title=African American Prince Hall Masons in Alabama|url=http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/ARTICLE/h-3942|accessdate=2023-01-12|work=Encyclopedia of Alabama|language=en|archivedate=2020-06-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604011144/http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-3942}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ America. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Wilson|first=Dreck Spurlock|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OaSAgAAQBAJ|title=African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945|date=March 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-95629-5|pages=443–445|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Persley ghọrọ onye Afrika mbụ nke America debanye aha na Board of Architects nke Georgia State ọhụrụ na Eprel 5, 1920. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/louis-h-persley/|title=Louis H. Persley (1888-1932)|work=Georgia Historical Society}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ihe nwere ike ịbụ ụlọ ọrụ ojii mbụ nke mba ahụ, '''''Taylor na Persley''''', mmekorita tọrọ ntọala na July 1920 ya na [[Robert Robinson Taylor]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=History of Firsts|url=https://www.lincoln.edu/_files/_pdfs/Lincoln-Firsts.pdf|work=Lincoln University}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ọtụtụ mkpoputa aha ya gụnyere '''Louis Hudison Persely''', &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; '''Lewis H. Persley''', &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Aued|first=Blake|date=2020-11-11|title=The Hot Corner and Four More Historic Athens Sites in Danger of Disappearing|url=https://flagpole.com/news/news-features/2020/11/11/the-hot-corner-and-four-more-historic-athens-sites-in-danger-of-disappearing/|accessdate=2023-01-12|work=Flagpole|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAued2020&quot;&gt;Aued, Blake (2020-11-11). [https://flagpole.com/news/news-features/2020/11/11/the-hot-corner-and-four-more-historic-athens-sites-in-danger-of-disappearing/ &quot;The Hot Corner and Four More Historic Athens Sites in Danger of Disappearing&quot;]. ''Flagpole''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2023-01-12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na '''Louis Pursley''' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Macon street bears his name, but you don't know his story|url=http://www.historicmacon.org/wwwhistoricmaconorg/blog/2020/2/20/a-macon-street-bears-his-name-but-you-dont-know-his-story|work=Historic Macon Foundation|date=21 February 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://www.historicmacon.org/wwwhistoricmaconorg/blog/2020/2/20/a-macon-street-bears-his-name-but-you-dont-know-his-story &quot;A Macon street bears his name, but you don't know his story&quot;]. ''Historic Macon Foundation''. 21 February 2020.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Louis Persley mụrụ ma zụlite na Macon, Georgia, nye nne na nna ojii Maxine na Thomas K. Persley. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Ọ gara Mahadum Lincoln, wee gụchaa na Carnegie Institute of Technology (ugbu a Mahadum Carnegie Mellon) na 1914. Ọ bụ onye prọfesọ nke ihe osise na eserese site na 1915 ruo 1916 na Tuskegee Institute na Tuskegee, Alabama. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Na July 1920, Persely na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Robert Robinson Taylor eguzobewo ụlọ ọrụ ojii, ''Taylor na Persley'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Weiss|first=Ellen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XGYKEFz8Cd0C|title=Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington|publisher=NewSouth Books|year=2012|isbn=9781588382481|pages=112, 140–142}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWeiss2012&quot;&gt;Weiss, Ellen (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=XGYKEFz8Cd0C ''Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington'']. NewSouth Books. pp.&amp;nbsp;112, 140–142. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781588382481|&lt;bdi&gt;9781588382481&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Pratt|first=Boyd C.|date=2013|title=Review of Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/buildland.20.1.0136|journal=Buildings &amp; Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum|volume=20|issue=1|pages=136–138|doi=10.5749/buildland.20.1.0136|issn=1936-0886}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a nwere ike ịbụ ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu ojii mbụ na United States. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Ha jikọrọ aka na ọtụtụ aghụghọ, gụnyere nke ọtụtụ ụlọ na Tuskegee Institute (ugbu a Mahadum Tuskegee).

Ọ nwụrụ na Julaị 13, 1932, mgbe ọ dị afọ 42, maka ọdịda akụrụ, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; ma lie ya na Linwood Cemetery na mpaghara Pleasant Hill nke Macon, Georgia . Ihe nrịbama akụkọ ihe mere eme na-echeta ya n'ihu Ụka AME mbụ na Athens, Georgia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2018-02-27|title=Bucket List: Athens and the African-American Experience|url=https://gradynewsource.uga.edu/bucket-list-athens-african-american-experience/|accessdate=2023-01-12|work=Grady Newsource|publisher=Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, [[University of Georgia]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agụnyere profaịlụ Persley na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ''ndị Africa American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865–1945'' (2004).

== Ụlọ ==
[[Usòrò:First_African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church,_photographer_facing_east.JPG|alt=First African Methodist Episcopal Church in Athens, Georgia|thumb| Ụka Episcopal Methodist mbụ nke Africa]]

* First African Methodist Episcopal Church (1916) na Athens, Georgia &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Johnson|first=Isabella|date=February 28, 2021|title=Athens African American History Self-guided Tour|url=https://odysseynewsmagazine.net/2021/02/28/athens-african-american-history-self-guided-tour/|accessdate=2023-01-12|work=Odssey News (magazine)|publisher=Odssey Media Group|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Campbell Chapel A.M.E. Church|Campbell Chapel AME Church]] (1920) na Americus, Georgia; edepụtara na Ndebanye aha Mba nke Ebe Akụkọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Taylor|first=George|date=2011-12-29|title=Campbell Chapel AME 2 Americus, GA|url=https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/historical_architecture_main/5822|journal=George Lansing Taylor Collection Main Gallery}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Campbell Chapel AME Church|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/8e964376-bccc-4645-8a80-ff1aa8694583|work=NPGallery Digital Asset Management System}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Chambliss Hotel (1922), Macon, Georgia &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
* Templelọ nsọ Masonic agba (1922; ma ọ bụ 'Onye isi ụlọ Grand Lodge Kasị ofufe') na Birmingham, Alabama; maka ndị Masons efu na anabatara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2019-05-24|title=Birmingham: Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge|url=https://www.design200.org/birmingham-most-worshipful-prince-hall-grand-lodge/|accessdate=2023-01-12|work=Design200|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112021730/https://www.design200.org/birmingham-most-worshipful-prince-hall-grand-lodge/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Edgemon|first=Erin|date=2017-02-26|title=Birmingham civil rights landmark launches fundraiser|url=https://www.al.com/news/birmingham/2017/02/birminghams_colored_masonic_te.html|accessdate=2023-01-12|work=al|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-04-13|title=Building History: Inside the closed Masonic Temple in downtown Birmingham|url=https://www.birminghamtimes.com/2017/04/building-history-behind-the-locked-doors-of-birminghams-landmark-masonic-temple/|accessdate=2023-01-12|work=The Birmingham Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ olili ozu Central City (1928), Cotton Avenue, Macon, Georgia &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Ụlọ ndị Sameria, Atens, Georgia (e kwaturu) &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;
* Dinkins Memorial Building na Selma University, Selma, Alabama; ya na Robert Robinson Taylor &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dorris|first=Jesse|date=June 1, 2020|title=10 Pioneering African American Architects and the Legacy Buildings They Designed|url=https://interiordesign.net/designwire/10-pioneering-african-american-architects-and-the-legacy-buildings-they-designed/|accessdate=2023-01-12|work=[[Interior Design (magazine)|Interior Design]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ nsọ Masonic dị na Birmingham, Alabama; ya na Robert Robinson Taylor &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Ọtụtụ ụlọ na campus nke Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Alabama; ya na Robert Robinson Taylor &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/AL-01-087-0056|title=Tuskegee University|date=September 6, 2018|work=SAH ARCHIPEDIA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** James Hall Dormitory (1921), Tuskegee Institute &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;
** Ụlọ obibi Sage Hall (1927), Tuskegee Institute
** Ụlọ Logan Hall (1931), Tuskegee Institute
** Ụlọ sayensị Armstrong (1932), Tuskegee Institute &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
** Hollis Burke Frissell Library (1932), Tuskegee Institute &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* African-American architects
* [[McKissack &amp; McKissack|McKissack na McKissack]], ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu ojii mbụ ọzọ

== Ntụaka ==
. Persley.   Ọ gara Mahadum Lincoln, wee gụchaa na Carnegie Institute of Technology (ugbu a Mahadum Carnegie Mellon) na 1914. Ọ bụ onye prọfesọ nke ihe osise na eserese site na 1915 ruo 1916 na Tuskegee{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Vidiyo: [https://infinite.mit.edu/video/architecture-race-academe-black-architects-journey-ted-landsmark-robert-r-taylor-mit-3162007 Architecture, Race na Academe] sitere na Massachusetts Institute of Technology</text>
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    <title>Kojey Radical</title>
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{{Databox}} 

'''Kwadwo Adu Genfi Amponsah''' (amuru 4 Jenuarị 1993), onye amara dika '''Kojey Radical''', bu onye egwu [[British|Britain]], onye isi ihe okike na ihe nlere anya mgbasa ozi agwakọtara . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/aug/20/kojey-radical-one-to-watch-poet-socially-conscious-rap-interview|title=One to watch: Kojey Radical|author=Hutchinson|first=Kate|date=20 August 2017|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|accessdate=2017-12-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọwawo ụdị ya dị ka ngwakọta nke grime [[Hip hop music|hip hop]], rap ọzọ, na okwu ọnụ . Ebe ọ bụ na 2018, ọ natala nhọpụta isii na MOBO Awards, gụnyere onye ọhụụ kacha mma. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na emume 2020 na 2022 MOBO.

== Ndụ mbido ==
A zụlitere Radical na Shoreditch na Hoxton, London, nwa nwoke ndị mbata Ghana . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ekpoudom|first=Aniefiok|date=24 October 2017|title=Kojey Radical and the Search for Inner Peace|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/ne3vpg/kojey-radical-in-gods-body-interview-2017|accessdate=2024-01-02|work=Noisey|publisher=Vice|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere ọrụ nka ya dị ka onye na-ede uri a na-ekwu okwu na onye na-ese ihe mgbasa ozi agwakọtara, na-agụsị akwụkwọ na kọleji London nke Ejiji jiri nzere klaasị mbụ na-asọpụrụ Bachelor of Arts degree na Ejiji Illustration . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|year=2014|title=Kojo Amponsah|url=http://showtime.arts.ac.uk/KOJEYRADICAL|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227034849/http://showtime.arts.ac.uk/KOJEYRADICAL|archivedate=2018-02-27|accessdate=|work=London College of Fashion {{!}} Showtime|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ekpoudom|first=Aniefiok|title=Rodney P meets Kojey Radical: 'I don't want my son to always have to fight'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jun/25/rodney-p-meets-kojey-radical-i-dont-want-my-son-to-always-have-to-fight|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=25 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== 2014–2016: Mmalite ọrụ ===
Na 2014, Radical weputara oru egwu egwu izizi ya ''Dear Daisy: Opium'' obere oge ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kemp-Habib|first=Alice|date=16 December 2016|title=2017 artist to watch: Kojey Radical|url=http://www.gal-dem.com/kojey-radical-in-conversation/|accessdate=2017-12-30|work=gal-dem|language=en-GB|archivedate=2018-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226153517/http://www.gal-dem.com/kojey-radical-in-conversation/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKemp-Habib2016&quot;&gt;Kemp-Habib, Alice (16 December 2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe oru ngo a na-emetụta isiokwu nke ịhụnanya, mgbasa ozi ọha na eze, na okpukperechi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wood|first=Mike|date=11 May 2014|title=Kojey Radical premieres his brilliant new EP 'Dear Daisy : Opium' [Premiere]|url=https://earmilk.com/2014/06/18/kojey-radical-premieres-his-brilliant-new-ep-dear-daisy-opium-premiere/#fT0i59YZGYs71oJz.99|accessdate=2017-12-30|work=EARMILK|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ akwụkwọ nwere otu aha ahụ Radical na-akọwa n'oge ọ na mahadum. Radical wee malite imekọ ihe na onye na-ese ihe [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|na UK]] bụ Jay Prince, onye mepụtara ndekọ gọọmentị mbụ nke Radical, ''The Garden Party.'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Weis|first=Jeff|date=11 May 2017|title=I'm Always Going to do What I Want to do&quot;: An Interview with Kojey Radical|url=http://www.passionweiss.com/2017/05/11/kojey-radical-interview/|accessdate=2017-12-30|work=Passion of the Weis|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Radical sochiri ya na egwu akpọrọ &quot;Bambu&quot;, nke mechara bụrụ onye mbụ na sophomore EP, ''23Winters.'' &quot;Bambu&quot; mere ojiji blackface, ma bụrụ onye Radical ga-emecha nabata n'ọtụtụ n'ime ihe nkiri mbụ ya.

Mgbe ọ kwadochara ndị Fada na-eto eto na njem nlegharị anya, Radical mechara wepụta &quot;Open Hand&quot;, ndekọ nke hụrụ ka ọ nakweere ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na egwu ya, na-ebute ihe ngosi na Tate Britain na 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 May 2015|title=Fresh From Premiering Over at the Tate Britain, Here's Kojey Radical's &quot;Open Hand&quot;|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/6w8vnz/premiere-kojey-radical-open-hand|accessdate=2024-01-02|work=Noisey|publisher=Vice|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Radical kwuru na ọ na-enye echiche ọzọ gbasara ihe gbasara mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mensah|first=Andrew|date=19 October 2015|title=Stamp TV: Kojey Radical: An Open Hand Revolution -|language=en-US|work=STW|url=http://www.stampthewax.com/2015/10/19/stamp-tv-kojey-radical-an-open-hand-revolution/|accessdate=2024-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sochiri ndekọ akpọrọ &quot;Kwame Nkrumah&quot;, tupu ahapụ ya ''23Winters'' EP na February 2016. Edere &quot;Kwame Nkrumah&quot; iji sọpụrụ onye isi ala Ghana mbụ na [[Ghana|nnwere onwe Ghana]] .

=== 2017–2021: ''N'ime ahụ Chukwu'' na ''anya mmiri Cashmere'' ===
Na 2017, Radical laghachiri na EP nke atọ ya, ''N'ime ahụ Chineke'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Murray|first=Robin|date=2017-09-01|title=Kojey Radical Talks To Clash About 'In God's Body'|language=en|work=Clash Magazine|url=http://www.clashmusic.com/news/kojey-radical-talks-to-clash-about-in-gods-body|accessdate=2024-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-agụnye atụmatụ sitere na Shola Ama, Ghetts, Tamera Foster, Miloh Smith, onye na-emepụta egwu egwu Potè, Obongjayar, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-ahụ maka ihuenyo [[Michaela Coel]] . Coel na-agụ [[Ábu|uri]] nke Radical dere nke na-eje ozi dị ka isi akụkọ maka ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ofei|first=Akua|date=2017-09-01|title=Kojey Radical Returns 'In God's Body'|work=A Nation of Billions|url=https://nationbillions.com/kojey-radical-returns-in-gods-body|accessdate=2024-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2022– dị ugbu a: ''Ihe kpatara ịmụ ọchị'' ===
Radical weputara [[album]] izizi ya ''Reason To Smile'' na Maachị 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ruiz|first=Matthew Ismael|date=2021-11-24|title=Kojey Radical Announces Debut Album Reason to Smile|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/kojey-radical-announces-debut-album-reason-to-smile/|accessdate=2023-05-30|work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Edepụtara album ahụ maka ihe nrite Mercury ma tinye ya na album na vidiyo nke afọ na 2022 MOBO Awards, ebe a họpụtara Radical maka Best Hip Hop Act. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-11-17|title=MOBO AWARDS in association with Lucozade announces HOTLY-TIPPED STAR PERFORMERS FOR 25th ANNIVERSARY SHOW|url=https://www.mobo.com/news/mobo-awards-association-lucozade-announces-hotly-tipped-star-performers-25th-anniversary-show|accessdate=2024-01-02|work=MOBO Organisation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Trendell|first=Andrew|date=2022-07-27|title=Kojey Radical on his Mercury-nominated album: &quot;This is what's going to bring UK hip-hop to the next level&quot;|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/kojey-radical-mercury-prize-reason-to-smile-interview-uk-hip-hop-3278207|accessdate=2023-05-30|work=NME|language=en-GB}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTrendell2022&quot;&gt;Trendell, Andrew (27 July 2022). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2023, ahọpụtara Radical maka onye nka ọhụụ kacha mma na 2023 Brit Awards yana na Ivor Novello Awards maka egwu Contemporary kacha mma maka “Payback”. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2023 Best New Artist nominees announced|url=https://www.brits.co.uk/news/2023-best-new-artist-nominees-announced|accessdate=2023-05-30|work=The BRIT Awards 2024|language=en|archivedate=2024-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119170917/https://www.brits.co.uk/news/2023-best-new-artist-nominees-announced}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wynter|first=Courtney|date=2019-04-24|title=Ghetts, Kojey Racial &amp; Jorja Smith Nominated For Prestigious Ivor Novello Award|url=https://grmdaily.com/ghetts-kojey-radical-ivor-novello-nomination/|accessdate=2023-05-30|work=GRM Daily|language=en-GB}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWynter2019&quot;&gt;Wynter, Courtney (24 April 2019). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ophelia|first=Maya|date=2023-04-18|title=Nominations announced for The Ivors with Amazon Music 2023|url=https://ivorsacademy.com/news/nominations-announced-for-the-ivors-with-amazon-music-2023/|accessdate=2023-05-30|work=The Ivors Academy|language=en-GB}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOphelia2023&quot;&gt;Ophelia, Maya (18 April 2023). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ejije gbatịrị agbatị ===

* ''Ezigbo Daisy: Opium'' (2014)
* ''23 oyi'' (2016)
* ''N'ime ahụ Chineke'' (2017)
* ''Anya mmiri Cashmere'' (2019)

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;width: 70%;&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Organisation
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Category
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nominee
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Result
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
!Brit Awards
|2023
|Best New Artist
|Kojey Radical
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ivor Novello Awards
|2019
|Best Contemporary Song
|&quot;Black Rose&quot;
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
|-
|2023
|Best Contemporary Song
|&quot;Payback&quot;
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;
|-
!Mercury Prize
|2022
|Album Of The Year
|''Reason to Smile''
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |MOBO Awards
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
|Best Newcomer
|Kojey Radical
| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Best Video
|Kojey Radical
| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2020
|Best Video
|&quot;20/20&quot;
| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;mobo2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-23|title=MOBO Awards 2020: See the Full List of Nominees!|url=http://mobo.com/news/mobo-awards-2020-see-full-list-nominees|work=MOBO Organisation|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|Album of the Year
|''Reason to Smile''
| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;mobo3-1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rackham|first=Annabel|date=11 November 2022|title=MOBOs 2022: Rapper and producer Knucks leads nominations|work=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-63597263|accessdate=December 3, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mobo3-2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Waters|first=Lowenna|date=December 2, 2022|title=MOBO Awards 2022: Full winners list including Little Simz and Ezra Collective|work=Evening Standard|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/mobo-awards-2022-winners-list-little-simz-ezra-collective-craig-david-b1044088.html|accessdate=December 3, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Video of the Year
|&quot;Payback&quot;
| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;mobo3-1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mobo3-2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Best Hip Hop Act
|Kojey Radical
| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;mobo3-1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mobo3-2&quot; /&gt;
|-
!Rated Awards
|2022
|Album of the Year
|''Reason to Smile''
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2022-10-26|title=2022 Rated Awards: Here's The Full List Of This Year's Winners|url=https://grmdaily.com/rated-awards-2022-winners/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=GRM Daily|language=en-GB|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714164608/https://grmdaily.com/rated-awards-2022-winners/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!Visionary Arts Awards
|2023
|Song of the Year
|&quot;FUBU&quot;
|{{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2023-03-22|title=Winners of the Visionary Arts Awards 2023 announced!|url=https://visionaryarts.org.uk/winners-visionary-arts-awards-2023/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=Visionary Arts Foundation|language=en-GB|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714164610/https://visionaryarts.org.uk/winners-visionary-arts-awards-2023/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ntụaka ==
ọrụ nka ya dị ka onye na-ede uri a na-ekwu okwu na onye na-ese ihe mgbasa ozi agwakọtara, na-agụsị akwụkwọ na kọleji London nke Ejiji{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Kojey Radical discography at Discogs
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Helen Molesworth</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Helen Anne Molesworth''' (amụrụ 1966, Chickasaw, Alabama) bụ onye America na-ahụ maka nka nke oge a dabere na Los Angeles. Site na 2014 ruo 2018, ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa na Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) na Los Angeles. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cascone|first=Sarah|date=2014-05-30|title=Helen Molesworth Hired as Chief Curator of LA MOCA|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/helen-molesworth-hired-as-chief-curator-of-la-moca-30461|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=Artnet News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Azụlitere na Flushing, Queens, na Forest Hills, Queens, site n'aka nne na-ese ihe na-akwa ákwà, onye na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ uwe nwoke, na nna prọfesọ Bekee, bụ onye kụziri na Queens College, Molesworth gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Stuyvesant High School . &lt;ref&gt;Robin Pogrebin (25 January 2023), [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/arts/design/helen-molesworth-curator.html A Curator Unbound: First She Was Fired. Then She Found Freedom] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum State nke New York na Albany, Molesworth banyere Mmemme Ọmụmụ Independent nke Whitney Museum . &lt;ref&gt;Robin Pogrebin (25 January 2023), [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/arts/design/helen-molesworth-curator.html A Curator Unbound: First She Was Fired. Then She Found Freedom] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1997, ọ nwetara Ph.D. na Art History sitere na Mahadum Cornell . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://artdaily.cc/news/18057/Helen-Molesworth-Appointed-Curator-of-Contemporary-Art#.Y1zZvOzMLAM|title=Helen Molesworth Appointed Curator of Contemporary Art}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/13/fashion/weddings/13mole.html Helen Anne Molesworth and Susan Dackerman] ''[[New York Times]]'', 13 August 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Dị ka onye isi nke ngalaba nke Modern na Contemporary Art na Harvard University Art Museums, o gosipụtara ihe ngosi nke foto Moyra Davey na ''ACT UP NY: Activism, Art, and AIDS Crisis 1987-1993'' . Ọ bụ ezie na Curator of Contemporary Art na Baltimore Museum of Art site na 2000 ruo 2002, ọ haziri ''Ọrụ Ethic'', bụ nke na-achọpụta nsogbu nke ọrụ nka na nka post-1960. Site na 2002 ruo 2007 ọ bụ Chief Curator of Exhibitions na Wexner Center for Arts ebe ọ haziri ihe mbụ US retrospectives nke Louise Lawler na Luc Tuymans, yana ''akụkụ ihe ọkpụkpụ'', nke nyochara mmetụta nke Marcel Duchamp 's agụụ mmekọahụ. ihe.

=== ICA Boston, 2010–2014 ===
Site na 2010 ruo 2014 Molesworth bụ Barbara Lee Chief Curator na Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA) Boston, ebe ọ kpọkọtara ihe ngosi otu onye nke ndị na-ese ihe [[Steve Locke]], Catherine Opie, Josiah McElheny, na Amy Sillman, na ihe ngosi otu ahụ ''na-amali n'ihu gị. Lee: Black Mountain College 1933–1957'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Richard Deming on &quot;Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College 1933–1957&quot;|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/201603/leap-before-you-look-black-mountain-college-1933-1957-58117|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=www.artforum.com|date=March 2016|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Dance/Draw'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Dance/Draw&quot; at ICA - Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston|url=https://www.artforum.com/picks/dance-draw-29756|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=www.artforum.com|date=13 December 2011|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ''Nke a Ga-abụ: Art, Love &amp; Politics in 1980s'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/759174324|title=This will have been: art, love &amp; politics in the 1980s|date=2012|publisher=Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago|isbn=978-0-300-18110-4|language=English|oclc=759174324}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Molesworth bụ onye isi nchịkwa na Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA), Los Angeles, 2014–2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cascone|first=Sarah|date=2014-05-30|title=Helen Molesworth Hired as Chief Curator of LA MOCA|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/helen-molesworth-hired-as-chief-curator-of-la-moca-30461|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=Artnet News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ bịarutere Los Angeles na 2014, ọ rụgharịrị ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi MOCA na-adịgide adịgide, hazie ihe ngosi nyocha nke Kerry James Marshall nke gara Chicago, New York, na Los Angeles, haziri Anna Maria Maiolino nlegharị anya US mbụ, wee mepụta usoro nyocha. mmekorita n'etiti MOCA na The Underground Museum. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-07-20|title=An unassuming storefront. A major museum. A collaboration that takes museum art to the people of L.A.|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-underground-museum-noah-davis-showcases-works-from-mocas-collection-20150717-column.html|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi ikpeazụ ya na MOCA bụ ihe ngosi 2018 ''Otu ụbọchị n'otu oge: Manny Farber na Termite Art'', bụ nke na-achọpụta ihe nketa nke echiche Farber's &quot;termit art&quot; na ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a, gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị sitere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Molesworth. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Almino|first=Elisa Wouk|date=2018-11-14|title=Helen Molesworth's Last MOCA Exhibition Is an Act of Love|url=http://hyperallergic.com/471079/one-day-at-a-time-manny-farber-and-termite-art-helen-molesworth-moca-la/|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ na nso nso a ===
Na 2023, Molesworth chepụtara &quot;Ihu na ihu: Eserese nke ndị nka site na Tacita Dean, Brigitte Lacombe, na Catherine Opie&quot; na International Center of Photography, bụ nke lekwasịrị anya na foto eserese chiri anya nke ndị omenala dị iche iche site n'aka ndị nka atọ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Face to Face: Portraits of Artists by Tacita Dean, Brigitte Lacombe, and Catherine Opie|url=https://www.icp.org/exhibitions/face-to-face-portraits-of-artists-by-tacita-dean-brigitte-lacombe-and-catherine-opie|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2024-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403011738/https://www.icp.org/exhibitions/face-to-face-portraits-of-artists-by-tacita-dean-brigitte-lacombe-and-catherine-opie}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe otu afọ ahụ gasịrị, nchịkọta nke edemede ya, ''Mepee Ajụjụ: Afọ Iri Atọ nke Ide banyere Art'', nke a na-emepụta site na katalọgụ ngosi dị iche iche na akwụkwọ ndị dị ka Artforum, bụ nke Phaidon Press bipụtara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Open Questions: Thirty Years of Writing about Art|url=https://www.phaidon.com/store/art/open-questions-thirty-years-of-writing-about-art-9781838666057/|accessdate=2024-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ndị ọzọ ==
Molesworth bụ odee nke ọtụtụ katalọgụ edemede na ihe odide ya apụtala n'akwụkwọ dị ka ''Artforum'', ''Art Journal'', ''Documents'', na ''October'' . Onye nnata nke Bard Center for Curatorial Studies 2011 Audrey Irmas Award for Curatorial Excellence, ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na akwụkwọ gbasara &quot;ihe nka na-eme.&quot;

Molesworth bụ onye juri maka College Art Association 's Distinguished Artist Award for Lifetime Achievement (2012), &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.collegeart.org/programs/awards/lifetime Distinguished Artist Award for Lifetime Achievement] [[College Art Association]].&lt;/ref&gt; The New School 's Vera List Prize for Art and Politics (2014), &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.newschool.edu/pressroom/pressreleases/2014/VLC2014.htm Syrian cinema collective Abounaddara awarded 2014 Vera List Center Prize for Art and Politic] [[The New School]], press release of 28 October 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; the Prix Canson (2016), &lt;ref&gt;[https://drawingcenter.org/exhibitions/prix-canson-2016 Prix Canson 2016, June 22–July 1, 2016] [[Drawing Center]].&lt;/ref&gt; Suzanne Deal Booth / FLAG Art Foundation Prize (2018), &lt;ref&gt;Robin Pogrebin (2 May 2018), [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/02/arts/design/flag-art-foundation-contemporary-austin-art-prize.html Collectors Join Forces to Create $800,000 Art Prize] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; na PinchukArtCentre 's Future Generation Art Prize (2018). &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230129130701/https://futuregenerationartprize.org/news/2018-05-29 PinchukArtCentre announces the jury for the 5th edition of the Future Generation Art Prize] [[Future Generation Art Prize]], press release of 29 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2016, ọ bụ onye otu ndị juri họpụtara [[Njideka Akunyili Crosby]] dịka onye nnata Prix Canson . &lt;ref&gt;Andrew Russeth (22 June 2016), [https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/njideka-akunyili-crosby-wins-2016-prix-canson-6556/ Njideka Akunyili Crosby Wins 2016 Prix Canson] ''[[ARTnews]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Molesworth bụ ọkà okwu mmalite maka UCLA School of Arts and Architecture na June 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://arts.ucla.edu/|title=UCLA Arts: School of the Arts and Architecture|work=UCLA Arts: School of the Arts and Architecture|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2022, ọ kwadoro pọdkastị akụkụ isii, Ọnwụ nke onye na-ese ihe, banyere ọnwụ nke onye Cuban-American artist Ana Mendieta, nwunye nke Carl Andre ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2022/08/death-of-an-artist-podcast-trailer-interview|title=The Tragic Story of Ana Mendieta is Uncovered in Death of an Artist|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; usoro ahụ mere ọtụtụ ndepụta &quot;kachasị mma nke 2022&quot;, gụnyere nke ''The Economist'' na ''The Atlantic'' . &lt;ref&gt;Robin Pogrebin (25 January 2023), [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/arts/design/helen-molesworth-curator.html A Curator Unbound: First She Was Fired. Then She Found Freedom] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; Kemgbe ahụ ọ gbara ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-eche echiche ajụjụ maka pọdkastị “Mkparịta ụka” nke David Zwirner Gallery . Ọ na-eduzi mkparịta ụka nka dị ka onye ọbịa nke usoro vidiyo “Mmemme”. &lt;ref&gt;Robin Pogrebin (25 January 2023), [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/arts/design/helen-molesworth-curator.html A Curator Unbound: First She Was Fired. Then She Found Freedom] ''[[New York Times]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Na August 13, 2006 Molesworth lụrụ nwunye ya, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, Susan Dackerman na Cambridge, Massachusetts . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2006-08-13|title=Helen Anne Molesworth and Susan Dackerman|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/13/fashion/weddings/13mole.html|accessdate=2024-02-21|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Contemporary Art na Baltimore Museum of Art site na 2000 ruo 2002, ọ haziri Ọrụ Ethic, bụ nke na-achọpụta nsogbu nke ọrụ nka na nka post-1960. Site na 2002 ruo 2007 ọ bụ Chief Curator of Exhibitions na Wexner Center for Arts ebe ọ haziri ihe mbụ US retrospectives nke Louise Lawler 2022, ọ kwadoro pọdkastị akụkụ isii, Ọnwụ nke onye na-ese ihe, banyere ọnwụ nke onye Cuban-American artist Ana Mendieta

== Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara ==

* ''Kerry James Marshall : Ọkachamara.'' 2016, Museum of Contemporary Art na Chicago; 2016-2017, Met Breuer ; 2017, Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Observer&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Steadman|first=Ryan|title=One of the Great American Artists Gets an American Retrospective|url=http://observer.com/2016/02/black-power-kerry-james-marshall-prepares-for-major-3-city-retrospective/|accessdate=10 April 2016|date=February 2, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Mali tupu ị lee anya: Black Mountain College 1933–1957.'' 2015–2016, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston; 2016, ihe ngosi nka Hammer . Helen Molesworth kwadoro ya na Ruth Erickson. Ihe ngosi ngosi ihe ngosi Hammer nke Anne Ellegood haziri ya na MacKenzie Stevens na Jenụwarị Parkos Arnall.
* ''MOCA: Nkà nke Oge Anyị.'' 2015, Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles . &lt;ref name=&quot;LA Time&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Miranda|first=Carolina A|title=9 ways in which Helen Molesworth's permanent collection show at MOCA is upending the story of art|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-tour-of-moca-permanent-collection-helen-molesworth-20160107-htmlstory.html|accessdate=10 April 2016|date=January 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Amy Sillman: Otu akpụ ma ọ bụ abụọ.'' 2013–2014, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston .
* ''Nke a ga-abụ: nka, ịhụnanya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 1980s.'' 2012, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago . Helen Molesworth onye nlekọta ọbịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Art21&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Westin|first=Monica|title=The MCA's &quot;This Will Have Been&quot; and the Subjectivity of History|url=http://blog.art21.org/2012/02/16/the-mcas-this-will-have-been-and-the-subjectivity-of-history/#.VwrIZDYrJmB|accessdate=10 April 2016|date=February 16, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Catherine Opie: Ọ tọgbọrọ chakoo.'' 2011, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston .
* ''Luc Tuymans.'' 2009, Wexner Center maka Arts ; 2010, Dallas Museum of Art ; 2010–2011, Museum of Contemporary Art na Chicago . Madeleine Grynsztejn na Helen Molesworth kwadoro &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SFMOMA AND WEXNER CENTER TO PRESENT FIRST U.S. RETROSPECTIVE OF THE WORK OF LUC TUYMANS|url=https://www.sfmoma.org/press/release/sfmoma-and-wexner-center-to-present-first-us-retr/|work=SF MoMA|accessdate=10 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara ==

* ''Open Questions: Thirty Years of Writing about Art'' (Donna Wingate, editor.) London: Phaidon, 2023. ISBN 978-1838666057
* DEATH OF AN ARTIST. A podcast in conjunction with Pushkin Industries and Somethin' else and Sony evaluating the significance of women and non-white persons in modern art through the life and tragic death of artist Ana Mendieta.
* ''One Day at a Time: Manny Farber and Termite Art'', Molesworth, Helen. Prestel, 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=ONE DAY AT A TIME: manny farber and termite art.|author=MOLESWORTH|first=HELEN|date=2018|publisher=PRESTEL ART|isbn=978-3791357669|location=S.l.|oclc=1020312076|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ISBN 978-3791357669
* ''Duchamp—By Hand, Even'', Molesworth, Helen. Wien Verlag für moderne Kunst, 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Helen Molesworth Duchamp: By hand, even|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2017|publisher=Verlag für Moderne Kunst|isbn=9783903153981|oclc=1008599377|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ISBN 978-3903153981
* ''Leap Before you Look : Black Mountain College, 1933–1957'', Molesworth, Helen. Boston: Institute of Contemporary Art in association with Yale University Press, 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Leap before you look: Black Mountain College, 1933-1957|author=Molesworth|first=Helen Anne|date=2016|publisher=Institute of contemporary art in association with Yale University press(IS) Institute of contemporary art; Yale University press.|isbn=9780300211917|location=Boston; Boston, Mass.; New Haven, Conn.; London|oclc=982274467|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ISBN 9780300211917
* Molesworth, Helen. &quot;How to Install Art as a Feminist.&quot; ''[https://www.moma.org/explore/publications/modern_women/book Modern Women: Women Artists at The Museum of Modern Art].'' Ed. Connie Butler, Ed. Alexandra Schwartz. Published by The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/modernwomenwomen0000unse|title=Modern women: women artists at the Museum of Modern Art|author=Butler|first=Cornelia H|date=2010|publisher=Museum of Modern Art : Distributed in the U.S. and Canada by D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers|isbn=9780870707711|location=New York|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Amy Sillman: One Lump or Two'', Molesworth, Helen. New York: DelMonico Books Prestel, 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Amy Sillman: one lump or two|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2013|publisher=DelMonico Books (Prestel)|location=New York|oclc=950233366}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Louise Lawler'', Molesworth, Helen. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Louise Lawler|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2013|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=9780262018814|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|oclc=858000815|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ISBN 978-0262518352
* ''Klara Lidén Bodies of Society'', Molesworth, Helen. New York: New Museum, 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Klara Lidén bodies of society|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2012|publisher=New Museum|isbn=9780985448523|location=New York, N.Y|oclc=901443271|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''This Will Have Been: Art, Love &amp; Politics in the 1980s'', Molesworth, Helen. Chicago: Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/thiswillhavebeen0000mole|title=This will have been: art, love, &amp; politics in the 1980s|author=Molesworth|first=Helen Anne|date=2012|publisher=Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago; Yale University Press|isbn=9780300181104|location=Chicago; London; New Haven (Conn.)|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Catherine Opie: Empty and Full'', Molesworth, Helen, ed. Stuttgart: Hatje Cantz, 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Empty and full|author=Opie|first=Catherine|date=2011|publisher=Hatje Cantz Verl|isbn=9783775730150|location=Ostfildern|oclc=741701119|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Dance/Draw: The Institute of Contemporary Art Boston'', Molesworth, Helen. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Dance/Draw: the Institute of Contemporary Art Boston|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2011|publisher=Hatje Cantz|isbn=9783775731638|location=Ostfildern|oclc=972017383|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Luc Tuymans'' exh. cat. Palais des beaux-arts de Bruxelles, 18 février-8 mai 2011, Molesworth, Helen. Bruxelles: Ludion, DL 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Luc Tuymans [exposition, Palais des beaux-arts de Bruxelles, 18 février-8 mai 2011|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2011|publisher=Ludion|isbn=9789055447725|location=Bruxelles|oclc=758373350|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Part Object Part Sculpture'', Molesworth, Helen, ed., Penn State Press, 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Part object, part sculpture|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2005|publisher=Wexner Center for the Arts, The Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University Press|isbn=0271028556|location=Columbus, OH; University Park, PA|oclc=907144433|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Body Space'', Molesworth, Helen.  Baltimore Museum of Art, 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Bodyspace|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2001|publisher=Baltimore Museum of Art|location=Baltimore|oclc=272520549|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Work Ethic'', Molesworth, Helen. Baltimore Museum of Art, 2003.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Work ethic|author=Molesworth|first=Helen|date=2003|publisher=Baltimore Museum of Art [etc|isbn=0271023341|location=Baltimore [etc|oclc=932548046|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
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      <text bytes="284" sha1="jnjv1h8mni2lxqyjyqpqwyzyxlwbpfb" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Alexandra Wilke 3 Germany 20250625 (3).jpg|thumb|2025|257x257px]]
'''Alexandra Wilke''' (amuru 29 September 1996) [1] bu onye egwuregwu basketball German.  Ọ nọchitere anya Germany na nche Olimpik Summer 2024 .

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      <text bytes="2970" sha1="lewefxqg2ml9mn1fqsjocx14csf00t9" xml:space="preserve">Guzamala bụ iche ime obodo na Borno State, Nigeria .  Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị n'obodo Gudumbali.  Ọ dị ihe dịka 125 kilomita n'ebe ugwu nke isi obodo steeti ahụ, Maiduguri.  Ọ mpaghara 2,517 km 2 na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 95,648 na ngụkọ 2006.

Koodu ozi nke mpaghara ahụ bụ 612 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=2009-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx|archivedate=2012-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ nke Emirate omenala Borno &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Millennium|publisher=Federal Ministry of Information|isbn=9780104089|author=Nigeria|title=Nigeria: a people united, a future assured|location=Abuja, Nigeria|date=2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;

mmetụta ime obodo a dị nso na mpaghara ugwu Borno steeti.  LGA isii gbara ya gburugburu.  Ndị LGA bụ Mobber, Gubio, Nganzai, Monguno, Kukawa na Abadan LGAs..

== Ihu igwe/Gografi ==
mgbaàmà Gọọmenti Guzamala dị puku kilomita na ndị ise na iri na asaa na-ahụkwa oge abụọ dị iche iche: oge ​​ọkọchị nke na-ahụ site n'anyị Ọktoba ruo ma oge na oge mmiri mmiri, nke na-nne site na Mee ruo September.  .  Nkezi ụzọ na iru mmiri dị na Guzamala LGA bụ ogo Celsius 33 na ịnọ 19, n'otu n'otu.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guzamala Local Government Area|url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/188/guzamala|accessdate=2024-08-09|work=www.manpower.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guzamala, Nigeria Weather Conditions {{!}} Weather Underground|url=https://www.wunderground.com/weather/ng/guzamala|accessdate=2024-08-09|work=www.wunderground.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wards ==
O nwere ngalaba ngalaba iri. Ha bụ:- Aduwa, Gudumbali East, Gudumbali West, Guworam, Guzamala East, Guzamala West, kingarwa, Maijari, Moduri, Wamiri.

Ndị ahịa Kanuri bi na LGA &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Millennium|publisher=Federal Ministry of Information|isbn=9780104089|author=Nigeria|title=Nigeria: a people united, a future assured|location=Abuja, Nigeria|date=2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ otu n'ime LGA iri na isii mebere Borno Emirate, steeti omenala dị na Borno State, Nigeria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Millennium|publisher=Federal Ministry of Information|isbn=9780104089|author=Nigeria|title=Nigeria: a people united, a future assured|location=Abuja, Nigeria|date=2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọgba aghara ==
N'afọ Juun 2022, a kọrọ na naanị obodo dị na Guzamala nọ n'okpuru ISWAP, ụlọ isi ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara na Gudumbali &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://humanglemedia.com/iswap-still-controls-vast-areas-of-guzamala-in-northeast/|title=ISWAP Still Controls Vast Areas of Guzamala in Northeast|date=30 June 2022|accessdate=29 August 2024|archivedate=19 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519013056/https://humanglemedia.com/iswap-still-controls-vast-areas-of-guzamala-in-northeast/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Kanchan Mullick</title>
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{{Infobox officeholder|name=Kanchan Mullick|native_name=|image=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1970|05|06}}|birth_place=[[West Bengal]], [[India]]|nationality=[[India|Indian]]|nickname=|occupation=[[Actor]], [[Politician]]|spouse={{ubl|Anindita Das|Pinky Banerjee|Sreemoyee Chottoraj}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bandyopadhyay |first1=Shrobanti. |title=Interview of Kanchan Mallick's Ex Wife |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/interview-of-kanchan-mallicks-ex-wife-anindita-das-dgtl/cid/1306614 |work=Anandabazar Patrika |date=2021-10-01 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/photogallery/bengali-actor-kanchan-mullick-marries-sreemoyee-chattoraj-on-14th-feb-after-many-rumours-of-their-relationship-dgtl-photogallery/cid/1497229|title= Bengali actor Kanchan Mullick marries Sreemoyee Chattoraj on 14th feb after many rumours of their relationship dgtl|work=Anandabazar Patrika|type=Photo gallery}}&lt;/ref&gt;|office=[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]|constituency=[[Uttarpara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uttarpara]]|term_start=2 May 2021|term_end=|predecessor=Prabir Kumar Ghoshal|children=1|successor=|party=[[All India Trinamool Congress]]}}

Kanchan Mullick bụ ihe nkiri Bengali nke India na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Na mgbakwunye na ihe ngosi telivishọn Janata Express, [1] Kanchan emewokwa ihe nkiri na fim dịka Mahakaal na Ranjana Ami Ar Ashbona.[2] Ọ bụkwa onye na-ese ihe nkiri Bengali. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na otu ihe nkiri Swapnasandhani. Mullick bụ onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi All India Trinamool Congress na mpaghara Uttarpara na ntuli aka ndị omebe iwu West Bengal 2021, wee merie oche ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Uttarpara Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Kanchan Mullick of TMC wins .|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/uttarpara-election-result-2021-live-updates-uttarpara-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3695264.html|work=News18|date=2021-05-02|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
 

=== Usoro Weebụ ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#F5F5F5F5;&quot;
!Afọ
!Usoro
!OTT
!Omume
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|2016
|''Selfier Phande''
|ZEE5
|Tushar Mohanty
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Selfie'r Phandey (2016) TV Movie|url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/selfier-phandey/0-0-selfierphande|work=[[ZEE5]]|accessdate=1 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''Onye Na-anya Ụgbọelu Montu''
|Hoichoi
|Taufik
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiyobangla.com/news/headline-montu-pilot-will-showcase-the-harsh-reality-of-neelkuthi|title=The teaser of Montu Pilot created the right kind of buzz as soon as director Debaloy Bhattacharya dropped the trailer - Jiyo Bangla|date=January 1970|accessdate=2024-09-10|archivedate=2025-06-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250603075048/https://www.jiyobangla.com/news/headline-montu-pilot-will-showcase-the-harsh-reality-of-neelkuthi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Sharate Aaj''
|ZEE5
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sharate-aaj-review-zee5s-new-bengali-series-is-a-smartly-written-thriller-loaded-with-terrific-performances-6187261.html|title=Sharate Aaj review: Zee5's new Bengali series is a smartly written thriller loaded with terrific performances|first=Bhaskar|author=Chattopadhyay|publisher=Firstpost|date=3 March 2019|accessdate=7 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/heres-a-glimpse-of-zee5s-biggest-bengali-original-sharate-aaj/|title=Here's a glimpse of ZEE5's biggest Bengali Original, Sharate Aaj|date=13 November 2018|accessdate=10 September 2024|archivedate=17 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717143224/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/heres-a-glimpse-of-zee5s-biggest-bengali-original-sharate-aaj/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Mkpụrụ osisi''
|Hoichoi
|
|
|-
|}

== Arụmụka ==
Mullick lụrụ Sreemoyee Chattoraj na 14 Febụwarị 2024,  mana n'oge emume ọdịnala na 6 Machị, a gbasara kaadị ịkpọ òkù na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta nke a na-ekweghị ka ndị nta akụkọ, ndị ọrụ nchekwa na ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala banye ebe ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=March 2024|title=Kanchan Mullick gets married for third time|url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/737644|accessdate=2024-03-09|work=Daily Sun|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A katọrọ nke a nke ukwuu na mgbasa ozi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2024-03-07|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/kanchan-mullick-shreemoyi-chattoraj-reception-post-card-press-drivers-not-allowed-sreelekha-mitra-slammed-736822/|accessdate=2024-03-09|work=Indian Express|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe e mesịrị, Mullick rịọrọ ha niile mgbaghara.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/kanchan-mullick-sreemoyee-chattoraj-reception-controversy-regarding-journalist-driver-security-not-allowed/articleshow/108292766.cms|accessdate=2024-03-09|work=Ei Samay|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2024-03-08|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sreemoyee-chattoraj-posts-a-video-to-give-clarification-after-insulting-media-personal-securities-and-drivers-31709863428374.html|accessdate=2024-03-09|work=Hindustan Times|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Kaushik Sen, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Bengali
* Swapnasandhani, otu ihe nkiri Bengali

== Ihe odide ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Isaac Adongo</title>
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      <text bytes="6709" sha1="mptecqsttfiavbvo1ex7oaso95nd6xb" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Isaac Adongo.jpg|thumb|Isaac Adongo]]
Isaac Adongo (amụrụ 12 Ọktoba 1972) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana na onye otu nzuko omeiwu 8th Ghana na-anọchite anya Bolgatanga Central Constituency na Upper East Region na tiketi National Democratic Congress.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/|title=Ghana MPs - List of MPs|work=www.ghanamps.com|accessdate=2019-02-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Isaac Adongo, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Isaac-Adongo-2848|accessdate=2022-11-14|work=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=265|accessdate=2022-11-14|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=2019-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212020522/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=265}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Collapse ABFA, Stabilisation Fund into sinking fund — Isaac Adongo|url=https://www.businessghana.com/|accessdate=2022-11-14|work=BusinessGhana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Adongo si Bolgatanga. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Institute of Chartered Accountants na Mahadum nke Ghana . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PROFILE: Hon. Isaac Adongo|url=https://www.ghstandard.com/profile-hon-isaac-adongo/|accessdate=2022-11-14|language=en-GB|archivedate=10 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610152104/https://ghstandard.com/profile-hon-isaac-adongo/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
A họpụtara Adongo na 2016 wee họpụta ya ọzọ na 2020. Ọ bụ onye otu Ranking Member nke Kọmitii Ego nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Owusu Kumi|first=Samuel|date=September 23, 2023|accessdate=September 23, 2023|title=Adongo: NIB too important to collapse, govt must restructure balance sheet|work=CNR|publisher=Citinewsroom|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2023/09/adongo-nib-too-important-to-collapse-govt-must-restructure-balance-sheet/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ batara na mba ụwa na 2022 maka nkatọ osote onye isi ala Ghana, Mahamudu Bawumia, n'ihi otu o si jiri onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Manchester United na England Harry Maguire mee ihe atụnyere n'okwu ya iji wakpo ndekọ akụ na ụba. nke Vice-President, onye ọ kpọrọ &quot;Economic Maguire&quot;. O ji mbọ osote onye isi ala mere iweghachi uru ego Ghana, Cedi, tụnyere ọchịchọ Maguire ị nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ya.[1] O mechara rịọ mgbaghara na Nọvemba 2023 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Harry Maguire: Ghana MP Isaac Adongo sorry for mocking Manchester United star|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-67496359|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=22 November 2023|date=22 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Adongo bụ onye otu National Democratic Congress na onye otu ndị omeiwu maka mpaghara Bolgatanga nke etiti na nke asaa na nke asatọ nke Republic nke anọ nke Ghana . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

=== Nhọrọ 2016 ===
Adongo zọọrọ oche omeiwu etiti Bolgatanga Central constituency na tiketi National Democratic Congress n'oge ntuli aka izugbe Ghana 2016 wee merie ntuli aka ahụ site na vootu 25,042 na-anọchite anya 51.41% nke ngụkọta vootu. O meriri Asanga Rex Simeon Atareyella nke New Patriotic Party, Thomas Akurugu nke PNC, Sampson Ayindongo Akolgo nke PPP, Abdul-Rahman Latifa nke Convention People's Party na Ayamga Richard nke APC. Ha nwetara vootu 15,610, 431 votes, 288 votes, 174 votes and 169 votes n'otu n'otu, nke kwekọrọ na 32.04%, 15.25%, 0.59%, 0.36% na.0.35% nke ngụkọta votu n'otu n'otu..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Bolgatanga Central Constituency Results - Election 2016|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/uppereast/bolgatanga_central/|accessdate=2023-10-21|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2024-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301213642/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/uppereast/bolgatanga_central/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=December 2016|title=Las Vegas Sands Corp., a Nevada corporation, Plaintiff, v. Unknown Registrants of www.wn0000.com, www.wn1111.com, www.wn2222.com, www.wn3333.com, www.wn4444.com, www.wn5555.com, www.wn6666.com, www.wn7777.com, www.wn8888.com, www.wn9999.com, www.112211.com, www.4456888.com, www.4489888.com, www.001148.com, and www.2289888.com, Defendants.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/glre.2016.201011|journal=Gaming Law Review and Economics|volume=20|issue=10|pages=859–868|doi=10.1089/glre.2016.201011|issn=1097-5349}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nhọrọ 2020 ====
A họpụtara Adongo ọzọ dị ka onye otu ndị omeiwu maka Bolgatanga Central (Ghana parliament constituency) n'oge ntuli aka Ghana nke 2020 na tiketi nke National Democratic Congress. A họpụtara ya na vootu 36,726 na-anọchite anya 64.45% nke ngụkọta vootu. O meriri Rex Simeon Atareyella Asanga nke New Patriotic Party onye nwetara votu 19,794 nke ya na 34.84%, onye omeiwu nke LPG Francis Ayadogo nwere votu 237 na-anọchite anya 0.42% na onye omeiwu maka Convention People's Party Abdul-Rahman Latifa nwere votu 214 na-anọchi anya 0.38% nke ngụkọta votu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Bolgatanga Central Constituency Results - Election 2020|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/uppereast/bolgatanga_central/|accessdate=2023-10-21|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2023-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005061126/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/uppereast/bolgatanga_central/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bolgatanga Central – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report|url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/upper-east-region/bolgatanga-central/|accessdate=2023-10-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101235115/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/upper-east-region/bolgatanga-central/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliamentary Results for Bolgatanga Central|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?ID=210&amp;mode=parliamentary|accessdate=2023-10-21|work=mobile.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-08|title=Isaac Adongo retains Bolgatanga Central seat|url=https://elections.gna.org.gh/2020/12/08/isaac-adongo-retains-bolgatanga-central-seat/|accessdate=2023-10-21|work=Ghana News Agency|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101235116/https://elections.gna.org.gh/2020/12/08/isaac-adongo-retains-bolgatanga-central-seat/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Isaac Adongo na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka Onye Kraịst.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Interswitch</title>
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Interswitch bụ onye na-eduga n'ịkwụ ụgwọ agbakwunyere n'Africa yana ụlọ ọrụ azụmaahịa dijitalụ nke hiwere isi na Lagos. Tọrọ ntọala na 2002 na Nigeria, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-agbanwe ma na-ahazi azụmahịa na-elekwasị anya na mba, Interswitch ji nwayọọ nwayọọ malite iji tinye ọrụ ego nke ndị ahịa na mmalite nke Quickteller na-aga n'ihu, usoro nkwụnye ụgwọ ụlọ ahịa na-ejikọta ndị ahịa na ndị na-ere ahịa na ndị na-azụ ahịa, yana Verve, onye nwe ụlọ, EMV kwadoro atụmatụ kaadị ịkwụ ụgwọ.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Mgbe Mitchell Elegbe jiri igwe ATM mee ihe na nke mbụ na Scotland, Mitchell Elegbe mepụtara echiche ịmepụta akụrụngwa ịkwụ ụgwọ electronic na Nigeria mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na mmejuputa SWIFT. Na-arụ ọrụ na Telnet, onye isi ya kwadoro mgbanwe azụmahịa ahụ. Otú ọ dị ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu ọ na-eresị enweghị mmasị na ngwanrọ maka ịgbanwee; nke a mere ka o mepụta Interswitch ka o wee zute ebumnuche ya. Site n'enyemaka nke Accenture, Elegbe na ndị otu ya guzobe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke ọ ghọrọ CEO. N'afọ 2010, erere ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nye ndị otu Helios Investment Partners na-edu.[1] [2] N'afọ 2011, Interswitch nwetara 60 pasent na Bankom na Uganda 

Na Septemba 2014 ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ òkè na Paynet Group, onye na-akwụ ụgwọ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Akingbolu|first=Raheem|date=22 September 2014|title=Interswitch Enters Partnership with Paynet Group|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/interswitch-enters-partnership-with-paynet-group/189584/|work=This Day|accessdate=22 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2015, Interswitch malitere ego itinye ego $ 10m maka mmalite ndị Afrịka na ngalaba ịkwụ ụgwọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=26 February 2015|title=E-payment: Interswitch Nigeria launches a specialized investment fund|url=http://economie.jeuneafrique.com/regions/afrique-subsaharienne/24206-e-paiement-le-nigerian-interswitch-lance-un-fonds-dinvestissement-specialise.html|work=Jeune Afrique|accessdate=31 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Febụwarị 2018, Interswitch kpughere asọmpi sayensị mba ya SPAK iji kwalite ma kwụọ ụgwọ maka ịdị mma na sayensị, teknụzụ, injinia na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=22 February 2018|title=Interswitch unveils SPAK initiative to boost sciences|url=https://guardian.ng/business-services/interswitch-unveils-spak-initiative-to-boost-sciences/|accessdate=3 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Jenụwarị 2023, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) nyere Interswitch akwụkwọ ikike Payments Service Holding Company (PSHC). Nke a jere ozi dị ka otu n'ime ndị nwere ikikere nke CBN na ụdị a. Mmepe ahụ dakọtara n'ụzọ na-adọrọ mmasị na ncheta afọ 20 nke Interswitch, nke hụrụ ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwụsiri ike ọnọdụ ya dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ na onye na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma nke kwadoro uto na mmepe nke fintech na ịkwụ ụgwọ n'ụzọ dị n'ihu n'ofe Africa n'ime afọ 20 gara aga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.interswitchgroup.com/interswitch-secures-cbn-payment-service-holding-company-pshc-license|title=Interswitch - Electronic Payment and Digital Commerce Solutions|accessdate=2025-03-09|archivedate=2024-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423200059/https://interswitchgroup.com/interswitch-secures-cbn-payment-service-holding-company-pshc-license}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ na enyemaka ==
[[Verve International|Verve]], ụlọ ọrụ kaadị ịkwụ ụgwọ bụ enyemaka ọzọ nke Interswitch.&lt;ref name=&quot;FT180813&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rice|first=Xan|date=18 August 2013|title=Boom in plastic money as Nigeria spends, spends, spends|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/425911c0-04e5-11e3-9e71-00144feab7de.html?siteedition=uk#axzz3Sg3fP8I0|work=Financial Times|accessdate=31 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maliteghachila Verve na Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Aglionby|first=John|date=27 October 2015|title=New payments service to launch in Kenya|url=https://www.ft.com/content/fa4acc9c-7c9d-11e5-98fb-5a6d4728f74e|work=[[Financial Times]]|accessdate=2 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Interswitch nwekwara Quickteller, nke a kpọtụrụ aha na mbụ dị ka onye na-ere ahịa oge ikuku Telecommunication, na mgbakwunye, na-enye ọrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ. 

Interswitch systems deploys sophisticated inter-networking security and firewalls, as common brand innovation. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rice|first=Xan|date=15 December 2013|title=Nigeria embraces cashless revolution|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b557b03c-5751-11e3-9624-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3SqhaDAzw|work=Financial Times|accessdate=31 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Akingbolu|first=Raheem|date=13 November 2014|title=Retailpay as a New Positioning Tool for Interswitch|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/retailpay-as-a-new-positioning-tool-for-interswitch/193872/|work=This Day|accessdate=22 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Akingbolu|first=Raheem|date=15 January 2014|title=Interswitch Smartgov to boost Cross River's revenue|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/interswitch-smartgov-to-boost-cross-river-s-revenue/168815/|work=This Day|accessdate=22 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, Quickteller malitere obodo Qtrybe, obodo nke ụmụ akwụkwọ 50 pụrụ iche sitere na ụlọ akwụkwọ tertiary nke Naijiria iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka ndị nnọchi anya Quicktell na Interswitch na ụlọ akwụkwọ ha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-10-08|title=You could get paid by Quickteller to be an influencer on your campus: Here is the gist|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/metro/you-could-get-paid-by-quickteller-to-be-an-influencer-on-your-campus-here-is-the-gist/0nz7sdh|accessdate=2020-12-03|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013212812/https://www.pulse.ng/news/metro/you-could-get-paid-by-quickteller-to-be-an-influencer-on-your-campus-here-is-the-gist/0nz7sdh}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://aceworldpub.com.ng/quickteller-student-ambassador-program-for-nigerian-undergraduates/#.X8kgSVMo8wA|work=Ace world Pub|title=Quickteller Student Ambassador Program for Nigerian Undergraduates|date=14 December 2020|accessdate=9 March 2025|archivedate=2 December 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202044657/https://aceworldpub.com.ng/quickteller-student-ambassador-program-for-nigerian-undergraduates/#.X8kgSVMo8wA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Han Ye-seul</title>
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      <text bytes="22956" sha1="6m9fa4f4ahps8oyhi7u8ha3r79u6i3b" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:190905_발렌티노_포토월_한예슬.jpg|thumb|Han Ye-seul]]
'''Han Ye-seul''' ( Korean  ; amuru '''Leslie Kim''', Septemba 18, 1981) bu onye omekorita South Korea. O mere ihe ngosi mpụta mbụ ya na sitcom ''Nonstop 4'' (2003), wee rụọ ọrụ na-eduga na ihe nkiri telivishọn dị ka ''Di na Nwunye ma ọ bụ Nsogbu'' (2006), ''Tazza'' (2008), na ''Birth of a Beauty'' (2014), yana ihe nkiri ''Miss Gold Digger'' (2007) na ''Penny Pinchers'' (2011).

== Ndụ mbido ==
Leslie Kim mụrụ ma zụlite na [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;bilingual&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Yang|first=Sung-jin|title=Herald Interview: Han Ye-seul, a bilingual beauty, eyes foreign entertainment markets|url=http://www.hancinema.net/herald-interview-han-ye-seul-a-bilingual-beauty-eyes-foreign-entertainment-markets-11672.html|work=[[The Korea Herald]] via [[Hancinema]]|accessdate=18 June 2015|date=12 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Cerritos wee gụchaa na Cerritos College wee nweta akara ugo mmụta mmekọrịta na Kọmputa Graphics. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Han Ye-seul (한예슬)|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/CU/content/cms_view_304778.jsp|work=[[Korea Tourism Organization]]|accessdate=17 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-asụ asụsụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] na Korean nke ọma. &lt;ref name=&quot;bilingual&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=An ''Eclipse'' for Han Ye-seul?|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2913646|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=8 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Emepụta mpụta mbụ ===
Ọ malitere ọrụ ịṅomi ya na South Korea ka o meriri SBS Supermodel Contest na 2001. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lee|first=In-kyung|title=Han Ye Seul to Rejoin Her Former Manager's Agency|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/2764/han-ye-seul-to-rejoin-her-former-managers-agency|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=13 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'okpuru aha ogbo Han Ye-seul, o mere mpụta izizi ya na sitcom a ma ama ''Nonstop 4'' na 2003. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.hancinema.net/actors-actresses-who-debuted-from-sitcoms-104558.html|title=Actors/Actresses Who Debuted from Sitcoms|work=[[Hancinema]]|date=30 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Han wee bụrụ onye ama ama ngwa ngwa, wee hapụ ịbụ nwa amaala US na 2004 wee bụrụ nwa amaala South Korea ka ọ gaa n'ihu guzobe onwe ya na ntụrụndụ Korea. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/south-korean-actress-han-ye-seul-27150.html|title=Actress Han Ye-Seul's New Sexy Looks|work=The Seoul Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe omume ya na ''Forbidden Love'' (2004) na ''Summer's Typhoon'' (2005) nwetara nyocha na-adịghị mma, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=003&amp;aid=0000069676|date=5 July 2004|work=[[Newsis]]|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&amp;mid=sec&amp;sid1=102&amp;oid=001&amp;aid=0000982134|title=&lt;연합인터뷰&gt; SBS 새 주말극 '그 여름의 태풍' 정다빈|date=12 April 2001|work=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ndị nkatọ na-achụpụ ya dị ka isi ihe nlereanya azụmahịa na ọ bụghị ezigbo onye na-eme ihe nkiri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=When Stars Bank on Advertising Only|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/09/05/2009090500234.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=5 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmepụta ===
Han gosipụtara na ndị na-akparị ya ezighi ezi na ''Di na Nwunye ma ọ bụ Nsogbu'' (nke a makwaara dị ka ''Fantasy Couple'', 2006), mmegharị nke ''Overboard'' nke ụmụnne nwanyị Hong dere. N'ịbụ onye na-egwuri egwu onye nketa mebiri emebi nke ghọrọ onye amnesiac mgbe ihe mberede ụgbọ mmiri gasịrị, Han a toro maka oge egwu egwu ya na usoro ahụ bụ ihe egwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;bilingual&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2006/10/28/2006102861007.html|title=Han Ye Seul Wins Over Detractors as Amnesiac Heiress|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=28 October 2006|accessdate=17 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gara n'ihu nabata ụdị ihe nkiri screwball na ihe nkiri mbụ ya ''Miss Gold Digger'' (2007). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Yang|first=Sung-jin|title=Movie Review: ''Gold Digger'' buffs Han's charm, but misses|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20071218000025|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=18 December 2007|archivedate=4 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404043056/https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20071218000025}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe nkiri igbe ụlọ ọrụ, Han portrayal nke mgbasa ozi Executive onye juggles anọ dị iche iche ndị ikom iji jide ezigbo di meriri ya ọtụtụ Best New Actress accolades si obodo award-enye òtù, gụnyere prestigious Grand Bell Awards na Blue Dragon Film Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Yang|first=Sung-jin|title=Christmas blues besiege three Korean actresses|url=http://www.hancinema.net/christmas-blues-besiege-three-korean-actresses-11863.html|work=[[The Korea Herald]] via [[Hancinema]]|accessdate=18 June 2015|date=26 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lee|first=Hyo-won|title=Daejong Film Fest Showcases Trends|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2008/06/141_26718.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=29 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;bell&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=D'Sa|first=Nigel|title=''The Chaser'' Top Winner at Grand Bell Awards|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/news/news.jsp?mode=VIEW&amp;seq=1015|work=Korean Film Biz Zone|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=1 July 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Blue Dragon Award Goes to Sports Drama|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2008/11/21/2008112161014.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=21 November 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=D'Sa|first=Nigel|title=''Forever'' Wins Korea's Top Blue Dragon|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/news/news.jsp?mode=VIEW&amp;seq=1139|work=Korean Film Biz Zone|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=26 November 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Han_Ye_Seul.jpg|thumb| Han Ye-seul na 2008.]]
Han na-esote kpakpando na ''Tazza'' (2008), ihe ngbanwe TV nke Huh Young-man 's manhwa nke otu aha gbasara ndị na-agba chaa chaa na kaadị shark. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Han|first=Sang-hee|title=Movie-Based Dramas to Fill TV Screens|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2015/04/135_27229.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=8 July 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe sochiri nke a na Lee Kyung-hee -nke edere ''Will It Snow maka ekeresimesi?'' , ihe egwu egwu banyere ndị obi ụtọ nwata bụ ndị jikọtara ọnụ dị ka ndị okenye na 2009. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SBS drama ''Will It Snow On Christmas?'' is all about love|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2009112713380633319|work=10Asia|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=27 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Han|first=Sang-hee|title=New Drama to Bring Warmth This Christmas|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2012/05/201_56463.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ''Nledo Myung-wol'' esemokwu ===
Na 2011, a tụbara Han dị ka onye na-akpa àgwà na ''Spy Myung-wol'', dị ka onye nnọchiteanya North Korea na-eje ozi iji tọọrọ otu kpakpando Hallyu South Korea dị elu, bụ onye na-adaba na ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oh|first=Jean|title=Eric comes back with TV rom-com|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110705000781|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=5 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hwang|first=Hyo-jin|title=Preview: KBS TV series ''Spy Myung-Wol''|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2011070700494749876|work=10Asia|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=7 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kwon|first=Mee-yoo|title=Drama explores inter-Korean love story|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2011/07/201_90618.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=10 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro ihe omume a nwetara aha ama mgbe Han egosighị maka ịse ihe onyonyo a haziri na Ọgọst 14–15 wee fega Los Angeles na August 16; ọ bụ ihe mbụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-apụ na mberede n'etiti ihe nkiri Korea. &lt;ref name=&quot;flop&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Han Ye-seul Walks Away from Soap Opera Flop|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/08/16/2011081600872.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=16 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ ya n'oge ahụ SidusHQ zoro aka na esemokwu ya na onye nduzi telivishọn Hwang In-hyuk maka ọnọdụ ọrụ ya siri ike, na ike ọgwụgwụ ahụ emebiwo mkpebi ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/08/17/2011081700946.html|title=AWOL Actress Willing to Return to Set|date=17 August 2011|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|accessdate=17 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;fire&quot; /&gt; Ọpụghị Han kwụsịrị mmepụta nke ọma, netwọk KBS kwụsịrị omume ya dị ka &quot;otu akụkụ, enweghị ọrụ na agaghị anabata ya,&quot; ebe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nkiri ahụ bụ Mmeri Content (nke a na-akpọbu Mmeri Mmeri) na-eyi ihe iwu kwadoro. &lt;ref name=&quot;fire&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kim|first=Yoon-mi|title=Actress Han under fire for abandoning role|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110816000831|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=16 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Do|first=Je-hae|title=Actress Han Ye-seul returns from LA|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2011/08/178_92995.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=16 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe mkpuchi mgbasa ozi buru ibu, Han laghachiri na Korea wee gaa n'ihu na-ese foto ''Spy Myung-wol'' na August 18. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chung|first=Ah-young|title=After much ado, actress Han to return to drama|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/10/201_92886.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=16 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ bịarutere na ọdụ ụgbọ elu International Incheon, ọ rịọrọ mgbaghara mana ọ nọgidere na-ekwu na ihe ọ chọrọ bụ nke ziri ezi, na-ekwu na &quot;Achọrọ m ikwere na m mere ihe ziri ezi.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/08/18/2011081800836.html|title=AWOL Soap Actress Returns|date=18 August 2011|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|accessdate=17 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Han wetara nkatọ siri ike site n'aka ndị ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ TV na ndị na-ekiri ya, mana ụfọdụ ndị na-akwado ya gbachitere ya, na-ekwu na usoro ihe nkiri Korea na-akpata nrụgide na-emejọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;flop&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Choung|first=Hyuk-min|title=Han mends fences with KBS, not crew|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2940395|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=19 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 13, 2021, Han kpughere site na mmelite sitere na Instagram ya na ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ryu Sung-jae na-akpa ugbu a, onye dị afọ 10 tọrọ ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jeon|first=Jae-kyung|title=한예슬 &quot;제 남자친구를 소개합니다&quot;…깜짝 공개|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=003&amp;aid=0010496642|work=[[Newsis]] via Naver|accessdate=19 May 2021|date=13 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-05-14|title='공개 열애' 한예슬, 10살 연하 배우 출신 훈남과 1년째 만남(종합)|url=https://star.ytn.co.kr/_sn/0117_202105141010370269|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=star.ytn.co.kr|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Mee 7, 2024, Han mara ọkwa na ya na enyi ya nwoke debanyere aha alụmdi na nwunye ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Moon|first=Ji-yeon|date=7 May 2024|title=[SC이슈] &quot;나 이제 유부녀!&quot;..한예슬, ♥10세 연하 남친 공개→혼인신고 직접 발표|url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/ranking/article/076/0004142071|accessdate=7 May 2024|publisher=SportsChosun|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Afọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Aha
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ihe ndetu
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ref.
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2007
| ''Miss Gold Digger''
| Shin Mi-soo
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2009
| ''Nnukwu anụ vs. Ọbịa''
| Susan Murphy/Ginormica
| Ọrụ olu ; Ntugharị Korean
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=18 March 2009|url=http://nownews.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20090318603048|work=Nonews|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2011
| ''Penny Pinchers''
| Gu Hong-sil
|
|
|}

=== Usoro ihe onyonyo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Afọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Aha
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ihe ndetu
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ref.
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2003
| ''Akwụsịghị 4''
| Han Ye-seul
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2004
| ''Ịhụnanya Amachibidoro''
| Chae-yi
|
|
|-
| ''Akwụsịghị 5''
| Han Ye-seul
| Cameo
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2005
| ''Oge okpomọkụ ahụ bụ Typhoon''
| Han Eun-bi
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2006
| ''Di na nwunye ma ọ bụ Nsogbu''
| Anna Jo / Na Sang-shil
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2008
| ''Taza''
| Lee Nan-sook / Mi-na
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2009
| ''Ọ ga-a snow maka Christmas?''
| Han Ji-wan
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2011
| ''Nledo Myung-wol''
| Han Myung-wol
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2014
| ''Ọmụmụ nke Mma''
| Sara / Sa Geum-ran
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2016
| ''Madame Antoine: Therapist ịhụnanya''
| Gaa Hye-rim
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2017
| ''Ụmụaka nke narị afọ nke 20''
| Sa Jin-jin
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2019
| ''Nnukwu Okwu''
| Ji Soo-hyun 
|
|
|-|{{TBA}}
| ''Queen bi na Seoul''
| Aha Da-la
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jang Jin-ri|date=January 11, 2023|title=[단독]한예슬, 4년 만에 안방 컴백…'서울에 여왕이 산다' 캐스팅|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000404909|accessdate=January 11, 2023|work=Spotv News|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Ihe ngosi onyonyo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Afọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Aha
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ihe ndetu
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ref.
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2001
| ''Ntụrụndụ TV etiti abalị''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Onye ọbịa
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 February 2001|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=213&amp;aid=0000078658|work=TV Report|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2004-2005
| ''Nkebi TV''
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=28 February 2004|title=한예슬, '섹션TV 연예통신' 새MC|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=003&amp;aid=0000033469|work=[[Newsis]]|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2007
| ''Ọ bụ Olive: Han Ye-seul na LA''
| Nkedo
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 March 2012|title=사장님 된 '한예슬' LA서 하는 사업? 역시|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2012032015595675695|work=Asiae|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== Bochum ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Afọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Aha
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ihe ndetu
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ref.
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2004-2005
| ''Ingayo''
| Mụ na Kim Dong-wan
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 October 2004|title=한예슬, '생방송 SBS 인기가요' 새 MC|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=001&amp;aid=0000782091|work=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Mpụta vidiyo egwu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Afọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Aha
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Onye na-ese ihe
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ref.
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2003
| &quot;Na m&quot;
| Kwụsị
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2010
| &quot;Abụ ịhụnanya&quot;
| Mmiri ozuzo
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rain's ''Love Story'' music video to be released today|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010040208555696614|work=10Asia|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=2 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Ihe ngosi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! width=&quot;10&quot; |Afọ
! Aha
! Onye na-ese ihe
! Ihe ndetu
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2004
| &quot;Ị dị iche&quot;
| Han Ye-seul
| Sochie 6 na ''Nkwụsịghị 4'' OST
|-
| &quot;Kwuo ya&quot;
| Shinhwa feat. Han Ye-seul
| Sochie 11 na ''Akụkọ Oyi 2004–2005''
|-
| 2005
| &quot;Ncheta&quot;
| Han Ye-seul
| Sochie 2 na Typhoon OST ''nke Summer''
|-
| 2007
| &quot;Mee ka m nwuo&quot;
| Han Ye-seul
| Sochie 1 na ''Miss Gold Digger'' OST
|-
| 2009
| &quot;Klas ịhụnanya&quot;
| Mighty Mouth feat. Han Ye-seul
| Track 2 na ''Love Class'' EP
|-
|}

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
|+Name of the award ceremony, year presented, category, nominee of the award, and the result of the nomination
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Award ceremony
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Category
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nominee / Work
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Result
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Asia Model Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2008
|Model Star Award
|Han Ye-seul
|{{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://amfoc.org/en/joo-jihun-han-yeseul/|title=2008 Asia Model Awards Model Star Award (Korea) Joo Ji Hun &amp; Han Ye Seul|work=AMFOC|accessdate=January 31, 2018|archivedate=January 31, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131200808/http://amfoc.org/en/joo-jihun-han-yeseul/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Asian Festival of First Films
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2008
|Best Actress
|''Miss Gold Digger''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Baeksang Arts Awards
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2007
|Best Actress (TV)
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Couple or Trouble''
|{{Nom}}
|-
|Most Popular Actress (TV)
|{{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=108&amp;aid=0000065461|date=25 April 2007|work=Star News|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2008
|Best New Actress (Film)
|''Miss Gold Digger''
|{{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=109&amp;aid=0001952179|date=24 April 2008|work=Osen|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2009
|Best Actress (TV)
|''Tazza''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Blue Dragon Film Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2008
|Best New Actress
|''Miss Gold Digger''
|{{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;blue&quot;/&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Golden Cinematography Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2008
|Best New Actress
|''Miss Gold Digger''
|{{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/filmmakers-honored-at-golden-cinematography-awards-17421.html|title=Filmmakers Honored at Golden Cinematography Awards|date=23 December 2008|work=[[HanCinema]]|publisher=KBS World}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Grand Bell Awards
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2008
|Best New Actress
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Miss Gold Digger''
|{{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bell&quot;/&gt;
|-
|BMW Popularity Award, Actress
|{{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=117&amp;aid=0001961304|date=27 July 2008|work=My Daily|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Huading Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2015
|Best Global Actress in a TV series
|''Birth of a Beauty''
|{{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sung|first=So-young|title=Kim, Han take awards at Hwajeong|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2999845|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|accessdate=23 January 2015|date=20 January 2015|archivedate=20 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720081439/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2999845}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Korea Drama Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2016
|Excellence Award, Actress
|''Madame Antoine''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Korean Film Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2008
|Best New Actress
|''Miss Gold Digger''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |MBC Drama Awards
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2006
|Best Couple Award
|Han Ye-seul  {{small|(with [[Oh Ji-ho]])}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;''Couple or Trouble''
|{{Won}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=117&amp;aid=0000073439|title=MBC 연기대상 '3관왕' 한예슬 &quot;쟁반짜장 쏠게요&quot;|date=30 December 2006|work=My Daily|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Excellence Award, Actress
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Couple or Trouble''
|{{Won}}
|-
|Popularity Award, Actress
|{{Won}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2017
|Top Excellence Award, Actress in a Monday-Tuesday Drama
|''20th Century Boy and Girl''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |MBC Entertainment Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2004
|Top Excellence Award, Actress in a Sitcom/Comedy
|''Nonstop 4''
|{{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=117&amp;aid=0000000879|title=이경규, 'MBC 방송연예대상' -&quot;천재지변 피해자에 송구, 코미디팬에 감사&quot;|date=30 December 2004|work=My Daily|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mnet Asian Music Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2004
|Best OST
|&quot;You Are Different&quot;
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |SBS Drama Awards
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2008
|Excellence Award, Actress in a Special Planning Drama
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Tazza''
|{{Won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=018&amp;aid=0002056218|title=문근영 대상, '조강지처클럽' 10개 부문 수상...SBS 연기대상(종합)|date=1 September 2009|work=edaily|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Top 10 Stars
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2014
|Best Couple Award
|Han Ye-seul  {{small|(with [[Joo Sang-wook]])}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;''Birth of a Beauty''
|{{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kim|first=Min-jin|title=Four couples win best couple prize in SBS Drama Awards|url=http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201501011206046405230_2|work=[[The Korea Herald|K-pop Herald]]|accessdate=17 May 2015|date=1 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Excellence Award, Actress in a Drama Special
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Birth of a Beauty''
|{{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20150101002200005|title=2014 SBS연기대상은 전지현…&quot;김수현 너 덕분&quot;|date=1 January 2015|work=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Top 10 Stars
|{{Won}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |SBS Supermodel Contest
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2001
|Juliet Award
|Han Ye-seul
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|}

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Han Ye-seul on Cyworld (in Korean)
* Han Ye-seul at HanCinema 
* {{IMDb name|2075130|Han Ye-seul}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Joanna Borov</title>
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{{Databox}}
'''Joanna Borov''' bụ ihe nlereanya Polish dabere na Los Angeles, California. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-08-24|title=Joanna Borov w słonecznej Kalifornii wspiera akcję ratującą psy|url=https://www.fakt.pl/joanna-borov-w-slonecznej-kalifornii-wspiera-akcje-ratujaca-psy/pehk6tf|accessdate=2021-09-11|work=Fakt24|language=pl}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ọrụ ya, o sonyela na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi maka ọtụtụ ụdị ma sonye na izu ejiji na London, Los Angeles, New York na Paris . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-14|title=Joanna Borov hizo una aparición en Telemundo para Wilfredo Gerardo|url=https://www.yucatan.com.mx/espectaculos/joanna-borov-hizo-una-aparicion-en-telemundo-para-wilfredo-gerardo|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714185104/https://www.yucatan.com.mx/espectaculos/joanna-borov-hizo-una-aparicion-en-telemundo-para-wilfredo-gerardo|archivedate=July 14, 2021|accessdate=2021-09-10|work=El Diario de Yucatán|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title=Joanna Borov is ambitieus, artistiek en adembenemend mooi|url=https://fhm.nl/joanna-borov-fotoshoot/|accessdate=2021-09-10|work=FHM|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2020 ọ pụtara na mkpuchi akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Playboy'' na ụdị Ukraine ya wee gosipụta ya na ibe akwụkwọ akụkọ ejiji ndị ọzọ dị ka ''Maxim'', ''Vogue'', ''FHM'', ''L'Officiel'' na ''Marie Claire'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ ===
A mụrụ Borov na Poland, mana ọ kwagara UK ka ọ gụchara nzere masta na iwu na Mahadum Warsaw . Na London ọ gara n'ihu na nkuzi agụmakwụkwọ ya, na-abanye na Mahadum nke Arts London . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tokarzewski|first=Derek|date=2019-05-15|title=Joanna Borov Miss Motors Formula 1 Silverstone 2018|url=https://www.worldclassbrandpublishing.com/post/joanna-borov-miss-motors-formula-1-silverstone-2018|accessdate=2021-09-10|work=World Class Brand|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTokarzewski2019&quot;&gt;Tokarzewski, Derek (2019-05-15). [https://www.worldclassbrandpublishing.com/post/joanna-borov-miss-motors-formula-1-silverstone-2018 &quot;Joanna Borov Miss Motors Formula 1 Silverstone 2018&quot;]. ''World Class Brand''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-09-10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu oge ahụ ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka ihe nlereanya, na-arụ ọrụ na nnukwu ụdị na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na-apụta na ihe omume ndị dị ka Paris, Los Angeles na London ejiji izu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-01|title=Model Joanna Borov Returns to the Runway with Anthony Rubio in LA|url=https://fashionweekonline.com/model-joanna-borov-returns-to-the-runway-with-anthony-rubio-in-la|accessdate=2021-09-11|work=Fashion Week Online|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-11|title=Модель международного уровня Джоанна Боров запускает бренд женской одежды|url=https://gazeta.ua/ru/articles/fashion/_model-mezhdunarodnogo-urovnya-dzhoanna-borov-zapuskaet-brend-zhenskoj-odezhdy/1037124?fbclid=IwAR2nGZmv3qtaCB-f_X-sfooJWm1Y4trUmzjxVQ7QMYUVjH5xH1rotK-ttD4|accessdate=2021-09-11|work=Gazeta|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe ama ama ===
Na 2018 ọ meriri Miss Motors Formula 1 Silvestone na World Beauty Queen Poland ịma mma, na-anọchite anya obodo ya na mmemme Okwu Mma Queen mere na South Korea n'otu afọ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Joanna Borov jest polską modelką. Jej kariera w Stanach rozkwita|url=https://kobieta.wp.pl/joanna-borov-jest-polska-modelka-jej-kariera-w-stanach-rozkwita-6624367983675936a?amp=1|accessdate=2021-09-10|work=WP Kobieta|language=pl}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ ya òkù isonye dị ka onye otu ndị juri nke asọmpi Miss Film Festival International na [[Argentina]], na n'oge ọ nọrọ na obodo ahụ, o sonye na mkpọsa mgbasa ozi nwere ọtụtụ ụdị mpaghara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

N'otu afọ ahụ ọ gara [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] iji soro ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na Los Angeles na New York bịanye aka na ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Na 2020 ọ pụtara na mkpuchi akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Playboy'' na ụdị Ukraine ya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Joanna Borov|url=https://playboy.ua/Covers/joanna-borov-2020-12-18|accessdate=2021-09-11|work=Playboy Ukraine|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee gosipụta ya na ibe akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche na ejiji dị ka ''FHM'', &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ''Vogue'', ''Maxim'', &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; ''L'Officiel'' na ''Marie Claire'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-31|title=Модель Джоанна Боров: «Модельная индустрия очень сложная и требовательная»|url=https://marieclaire.ua/lifestyle/model-dzhoanna-borov-modelnaya-industriya-ochen-slozhnaya-i-trebovatelnaya/|accessdate=2021-09-11|work=Marie Claire|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Julaị 2021 ọ sonyere na Miami Swim Week, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-27|title=Polish model Joanna Borov debuts at The Miami Swim week|url=https://www.promagzine.com/polish-model-joanna-borov-debuts-at-the-miami-swim-week/|accessdate=2021-09-11|work=Pro Magazine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; na na Septemba ọ gara n'okporo ụzọ runway na New York Fashion Week site n'ichepụta Anthony Rubio . &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-30|title=Top model Joanna Borov never stops, she was just on the runway in NYC Fashion Week and we loved her performance!|url=https://www.ibtimes.sg/top-model-joanna-borov-never-stops-she-was-just-runway-nyc-fashion-week-we-loved-her-60526|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=IB Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Borov ugbu a na-ede akwụkwọ banyere nri na-edozi ahụ, na-agba blọgụ na ndụ ahụike, bụ onye nchoputa nke ụlọ ọrụ ejiji ụmụaka na-eji ihe ndị dị ndụ, na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ maka nkuchi ụmụ anụmanụ na-enweghị ebe obibi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-21|title=Joanna Borov|url=http://www.maxim.com.au/archives/15203|accessdate=2021-09-10|work=MAXIM Australia|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911001003/http://www.maxim.com.au/archives/15203}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|2}}

* Official website
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Judith Ncube</title>
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      <text bytes="668" sha1="7zc7fbm5uqsres7qee72i7qon05d3ch" xml:space="preserve">Judith Ncube bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Zimbabwe. Ọ bụ onye minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mpaghara ugbu a na onye omeiwu na-anọchite anya Bulawayo. Ọ bụ onye otu ZANU–PF. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minister of State for Bulawayo Metropolitan province Judith Ncube – #Asakhe – CITE|url=https://cite.org.zw/tag/minister-of-state-for-bulawayo-metropolitan-province-judith-ncube/|accessdate=2024-02-21|language=en-GB|archivedate=2024-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221144159/https://cite.org.zw/tag/minister-of-state-for-bulawayo-metropolitan-province-judith-ncube/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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{{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=Hon.|name=Henry Quartey|honorific-suffix=MP|image=File:Henry Quartey.jpg|alt=|constituency_MP=[[Ayawaso Central]] Constituency|parliament=Ghana|majority=|predecessor=|successor=|term_start=7 January 2017|term_end=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1971|3|12|df=y}}|birth_place=Otublohum, Accra|death_date=|death_place=|nationality=Ghanaian|spouse=|party=[[New Patriotic Party]]|relations=|children=|occupation=[[Politician]]|profession=|signature=|signature_alt=|committees=Roads and Transport Committee; Appointments Committee|website=|alma_mater=[[GIMPA]]|footnotes=}}

Henry Quartey (akpa na 12 Machị 1971) bụ onye ụgbọ agha Ghana na onye otu nke asaa Republic nke anọ Onye Ghana na-anya anya Ayawaso Central Constituency na Greater Accra Region na tiketi nke New Patriotic Party .  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka Minista maka mpaghara Greater Accra.  [7]][8][9] N'izon na anọ n'anyị Febụwarị afọ 2024, a nwanne ya dị ka minista nke ime obodo nke Ghana na-amị Ambrose Dery.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-02-14|title=New ministers and deputies appointed by Akufo-Addo [Full list]|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/02/new-ministers-and-deputies-appointed-by-akufo-addo-full-list/|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A isiokwu Quartey na 12 Machị 1971. Ọ si Otublohum-Accra, obodo dị na mpaghara Greater Accra nke Ghana.[1]  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Hams Secondary School na Dansoman na Zams Secondary/Technical School na Bolgatanga.  O nwere G.C.E.  O'level ya na Osu Presbyterian Senior High School.  Ọahụ Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration wee nọrọ postgraduate na Public Administration . &lt;ref name=&quot;mps&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Deputy Minister|url=https://www.mint.gov.gh/the-ministry/deputy-minister/|accessdate=2020-07-19|work=Ministry of the Interior│Republic of Ghana|language=en-GB|archivedate=29 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129181831/https://www.mint.gov.gh/the-ministry/deputy-minister/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Quartey bụ onye otu New Patriotic Party (NPP). N'afọ 2012, ọ gbara ọsọ maka oche Ayawaso Central na tiketi nke NPP nke isii nke mba nke anọ wee merie.&lt;ref name=&quot;mps&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs – MP Details – Quartey, Henry|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2652|accessdate=2020-02-09|work=Ghana MPs|archivedate=2020-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113195955/http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2652}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;. ''Ghana MPs''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;9 February&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NPP Primaries: Polling Agents Pick Form For Henry Quartey To Contest Ayawaso Central|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/983854/npp-primaries-polling-agents-pick-form-for-henry.html|accessdate=2020-07-19|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye otu Kọmitii Okporo ụzọ na Njem yana Kọmitii Mmekọahụ na Ụmụaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=66|accessdate=2020-03-10|work=parliament of ghana|archivedate=2023-04-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421083436/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=66}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;. ''parliament of ghana''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 March&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kọmitii ===
Quartey bụ onye otu Kọmitii Njem na Ụzọ ma bụrụkwa onye otu Kọمitii Ntinye aha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=51|accessdate=2022-09-19|work=parliament of ghana|archivedate=2023-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328064452/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=51}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Krafty Hospitality Services Limited na Accra site na 2003 ruo taa.&lt;ref name=&quot;mps&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye na-ere ahịa na ahịa nke BBC Trading site na 1992 ruo 1996. O mechara bụrụ onye nduzi mpaghara nke Dalebrook Company Limited site na 1997 ruo 1998. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ahịa na onye nduzi nke Pecoll Aluminium Systems site na 1995 ruo 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Henry Quartey|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=2842|accessdate=2020-07-19|work=Ghanaweb.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ osote minista na-ahụ maka ime obodo.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Government committed to safeguarding Ghana's peace – Mr Henry Quartey|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/government-committed-to-safeguarding-ghana-s-peace-mr-henry-quartey.html|accessdate=2020-07-19|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-06-13|title=We'll fight galamsey fiercely despite resistance – Minister|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/06/well-fight-galamsey-fiercely-despite-resistance-minister/|accessdate=2020-07-19|work=Citi 97.3 FM – Relevant Radio. Always|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922010641/https://citifmonline.com/2017/06/well-fight-galamsey-fiercely-despite-resistance-minister/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-03-13|title=Minister urges Bluecrest trainees to help fight cyber-crime|url=http://citifmonline.com/2018/03/minister-urges-bluecrest-trainees-help-fight-cyber-crime/|accessdate=2020-07-19|work=Citi 97.3 FM – Relevant Radio. Always|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922074438/https://citifmonline.com/2018/03/minister-urges-bluecrest-trainees-help-fight-cyber-crime/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ osote minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa mba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=President Akufo-Addo reassigns Bryan Acheampong and Henry Quartey|url=https://www.businessghana.com/|accessdate=2020-07-19|work=BusinessGhana}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ Minista Ógbè Ukwu Accra ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Stay off the beach during the Easter holidays – Greater Accra Regional Minister warns – MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/stay-off-the-beach-during-the-easter-holidays-greater-accra-regional-minister-warns/|accessdate=2021-04-01|work=myjoyonline.|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Quartey bụ Onye Kraịst.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=51|accessdate=2024-09-20|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=2023-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328064452/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=51}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ lụrụ Sybil Ansah Quartey ma nwee ụmụ isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;mps&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ebere ==
Na Sepa, 2021, Quartey kwere nkwa, Abụ Ọma Adjeteyfio na-egosi ọnwa nke GH¢1,500.  Quartey kwuru na ihe nke Abụ Ọma na ụlọ ọrụ nkiri na-ekiri na Ghana ịhụnanya ya, ya mere nkwa ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-15|title=Henry Quartey pledges GHS1,500 monthly stipend to Psalm Adjeteyfio|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/09/henry-quartey-pledges-ghs1500-monthly-stipend-to-psalm-adjeteyfio/|accessdate=16 September 2021|work=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
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[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Jona</title>
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      <text bytes="89272" sha1="fvi6nezujut0wedb7vv5s7ayelhykj5" xml:space="preserve">''''''Jona''' nwa Amittai''' ma ọ bụ Jona (Hibru: יוֹנָה Yōnā, lit. 'ikuku') [a] bụ onye amụma [[Jew|Ndị Juu]] na Bible Hibru nke sitere na Gath-hepher na Alaeze Ugwu nke Israel n'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke 8 BCE. Ọ bụ onye dị n'etiti Akwụkwọ Jona, otu n'ime Ndị amụma nta-eto eto, nke na-akọwapụta na ọ chọghị inyefe ikpe Chineke n'obodo Nineveh (nke dị nso na Mosul nke oge a) na Alaeze Ukwu Asiria. Mgbe nnukwu ihe e kere eke n'oké osimiri (Hibru: דג גדול,  , lit. &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;) riri ya wee hapụ ya, ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ Chineke.

N'[[Judaism|Okpukpe ndị Juu]], akụkọ Jona na-anọchite anya ozizi nke nchegharị na okpukpe ndị Juu, ikike ichegharị n'ihu Chineke maka mgbaghara. N'Agba Ọhụrụ nke [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]], [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs]] na-akpọ onwe ya &quot;karịa Jona&quot; ma na-ekwe Ndị Farisii nkwa &quot;ihe ịrịba ama Jona&quot; mgbe ọ na-ezo aka na mbilite n'ọnwụ ya. Ndị ntụgharị Ndị Kraịst oge ochie lere Jona anya dị ka &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwOg&quot;&gt;ụdị&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Jizọs. A na-ewere Jona na Islam dị ka onye amụma na akụkọ Jona pụtara na surah nke kor'an aha ya, Yūnus.

Ọtụtụ Ndị ọkà mmụta Bible nke oge a na-atụ aro na Akwụkwọ Jona bụ akụkọ ifo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tawfeeq|first=Dana Ford,Mohammed|date=2014-07-24|title=Extremists destroy Jonah's tomb, officials say|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/07/24/world/iraq-violence/index.html|accessdate=2024-03-03|work=CNN|language=en|quote=&quot;Biblical scholars are divided on whether the tomb in Mosul actually belonged to Jonah. In the Jewish tradition, he returns to his hometown of Gath-Hepher after his mission to Nineveh. And some modern scholars say the Jonah story is more myth than history.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;   na ọ dịkarịa ala akụkụ ụfọdụ nke satirical.[4][5][6][7][8] Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-eche na e dere Akwụkwọ Jona ogologo oge mgbe ihe omume ndị ọ kọwara n'ihi ojiji o ji okwu na ihe ndị dị na postxilic Aramaic sources mee ihe.&lt;ref&gt; {{Cite book|author=Lovelace|first=Vanessa|chapter=Jonah|editor=O'Brien|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Minor Prophets|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2021|pages=449–460|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673208.013.34|isbn=978-0-19-067320-8|quote=A majority of scholars regard the book’s composition as considerably later than the events it describes. They point first and foremost to language. Jonah includes words and motifs that are found only in postexilic biblical and nonbiblical Aramaic sources (for further discussion, see Wolff 1986). This includes, for example, seafaring words such as “mariner” (mallah) and “ship” (sefina) (1:5), “sailor” (hovel) (1:6), the phrase “on whose account?” (1:7, 12), and the ascription “God of heaven” (1:9; cf. Gen 24:7) which appear rarely in the Hebrew Bible (Ps 107 and Ezek 27) but are common in postexilic biblical and Imperial Aramaic sources. Hans Walter Wolff suggests that infrequency of certain vocabulary and phrases in Jonah can be accounted for by their limited use in specific contexts (Wolff 1986, 76), but the late biblical verbal constructions that are unique to Jonah support the argument that the book is postexilic.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Omume Jona nwa Amittai nwere ike ịdabere na onye amụma akụkọ ihe mere eme nke otu aha ahụ buru amụma n'oge ọchịchị Eze Amazia nke Juda, dịka e kwuru na 2 Kings.

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-egosikarị ihe e kere eke riri Jona na nka na ọdịbendị dị ka whale, ederede Hibru na-eji ahịrịokwu ahụ bụ &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot;. Na narị afọ nke iri na asaa na mmalite narị afọ nke asatọ, ụdị azụ ndị riri Jona bụ isiokwu nke ịkọ nkọ site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ndị e kere eke, bụ ndị kọwara akụkọ ahụ dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta ọdịnala nke oge a, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-ekwu na ọdịiche dị n'etiti Jona na ndị ọzọ a ma ama n'okpukpe, dị ka onye India yogi Matsyendranatha &quot;Onyenwe Azụ&quot;, eze Sumerian Gilgamesh, na dike Gris Jason.

== Akwụkwọ Jona ==
{{Reflist|25em}}
[[Faịlụ:Pieter_Lastman_-_Jonah_and_the_Whale_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|''Jona na Whale'' (1621) nke Pieter Lastman dere]]
[[Faịlụ:Dore_jonah.jpg|thumb|Jona na-ezi ndị Ninive ozi ọma (1866) nke Gustave Doré dere, na La Grande Bible de Tours''Great Bible nke Tours'']]
''Jọpa'' bụ onye dị mkpa n'Akwụkwọ Jona, ebe Chineke nyere ya iwu ka ọ gaa n'obodo Nineveh iji buo amụma megide ya &quot;n'ihi na ajọ omume ha na-abịa n'ihu m, &quot;  mana Jona na-anwa ịgbapụ na &quot;ọnụnọ nke Onyenwe anyị&quot; site n'ịga Jaffa (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-asụgharị ya dị ka Joppa ma ọ bụ ''Joppe''). Ọ banyere ụgbọ mmiri gaa Tarshish. Nnukwu oké ifufe bilitere ma ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, na-aghọta na ọ bụghị oké ifufe nkịtị, tụbara ma chọpụta na Jona bụ onye ụta. Jona kwetara na nke a ma kwuo na ọ bụrụ na a tụba ya n'oké osimiri, oké ifufe ahụ ga-akwụsị. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ jụrụ ime nke a ma gaa n'ihu na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, mana mbọ ha niile dara, ha mechara tụba Jona n'oké osimiri. N'ihi ya, oké ifufe ahụ kwụsịrị ma ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-achụ àjà nye Chineke. 

Mgbe a tụpụrụ Jona n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, nnukwu azụ riri Jona, n'ime afọ nke ọ nọrọ ụbọchị atọ na abalị atọ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'oké azụ ahụ, Jona na-ekpe ekpere n'ebe Chineke nọ n'ahụhụ ya ma na-ekwe nkwa ikele ya na ịkwụ ụgwọ ihe o kwere nkwa. Chineke nyere azụ̀ ahụ iwu ka ọ gbasaa Jona.

Chineke nyekwara Jona iwu ọzọ ka ọ gaa Nineve ma buo amụma nye ndị bi na ya. N'oge a, ọ gara ebe ahụ wee banye n'obodo ahụ, na-eti mkpu, &quot;N'ime ụbọchị iri anọ, a ga-akwatu Nineveh. &quot;  Mgbe Jona gafere Nineveh, ndị mmadụ malitere ikwere okwu ya ma kwupụta ibu ọnụ.  Eze Nineve na-eyi akwa akpa ma nọdụ ala n'ọka, na-eme nkwupụta nke na-enye iwu ibu ọnụ, iyi akwa akpa, ekpere na nchegharị.  Chineke hụrụ obi nchegharị ha ma chebe obodo ahụ n'oge ahụ. Obodo ahụ dum dị ala ma mebie, na ndị mmadụ (na ọbụna anụ ụlọ)   na-eyi akpa na ntụ. [27]

N'ịbụ onye nke a na-enweghị obi ụtọ, Jona na-ezo aka na ọpụpụ mbụ ya gaa Tarshish ka ọ na-ekwusi ike na, ebe ọ bụ na Chineke nwere obi ebere, ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na Chineke ga-esi na ọdachi ndị a na-eyi egwu pụọ. Ọ hapụrụ obodo ahụ wee mee ebe mgbaba, na-echere ịhụ ma a ga-ebibi obodo ahụ ma ọ bụ na ọ gaghị ebi. Chineke na-eme ka osisi (n'asụsụ Hibru a ''kikayon'') too n'elu ebe Jona nọ iji nye ya ndò site na anyanwụ. Ka oge na-aga, Chineke na-eme ka ikpuru taa mgbọrọgwụ osisi ahụ ma kpọnwụọ. Jona, mgbe a na-ekpughe ya n'ike zuru oke nke anyanwụ, ọ na-agwụ ike ma rịọ Chineke ka o gbuo ya.
 

== Echiche okpukpe ==

=== N'Okpukpe Ndị Juú ===
[[Faịlụ:Kennicott_Bible_305r.l.jpg|thumb|Ihe atụ nke azụ̀ sitere na Bible Kennicott loro Jona, folio 305r (1476), n’ọ́bá akwụkwọ Bodleian, Oxford]]
Akwụkwọ Jona (Yonah יונה) bụ otu n'ime ndị amụma iri na abụọ dị na Bible Hibru. Dị ka otu ọdịnala si kwuo, Jona bụ nwa nwoke ahụ Iliya onye amụma mere ka ọ dịghachi ndụ na 1 Kings.  [35] Omenala ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ nwa nwanyị Shunem nke Elisha mere ka ọ dị ndụ na 2 Kings   nakwa na a na-akpọ ya &quot;nwa Amittai&quot; (''Eziokwu'') n'ihi na nne ya ghọtara na Ịlaịsha bụ onye amụma na 1 Kings.  [37] A na-agụ Akwụkwọ Jona kwa afọ, n'asụsụ Hibru mbụ ya na n'ozuzu ya, na Yom Kippur - Ụbọchị Mgbaghara - dị ka Haftarah n'ekpere Mincha.[39][40] Dị ka Rabbi Eliezer si kwuo, e kere azụ ahụ riri Jona n'oge mbụ  na ime ọnụ ya dị ka ụlọ nzukọ;  anya azụ ahụ dị ka windo  na pearl dị n'ime ọnụ ya nyere ìhè ọzọ. [41][41]

Dị ka Midrash si kwuo, mgbe Jona nọ n'ime azụ ahụ, azụ ahụ gwara ya na ndụ ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gwụ n'ihi na n'oge na-adịghị anya Leviathan ga-eri ha abụọ.[41] Jona kwere azụ ahụ nkwa na ọ ga-azọpụta ha.[41] N'ịgbaso ntụziaka Jona, azụ ahụ gbagoro n'akụkụ Leviathan[41] ma Jona yiri egwu iji ire ya kee Leviathan ma hapụ azụ nke ọzọ ka ọ rie ya.[41] Leviathan nụrụ egwu Jona, hụrụ na e biri ya úgwù, wee ghọta na Onyenwe anyị chebere ya, ya mere ọ gbapụrụ n'egwu, na-ahapụ Jona na azụ ahụ ka ha dị ndụ.[41][41]

Onye ọkà mmụta na onye rabaị ndị Juu nke oge ochie Abraham ibn Ezra (1092-1167) rụrụ ụka megide nkọwa ọ bụla nke Akwụkwọ Jona, na-ekwu na &quot;ahụmahụ nke ndị amụma niile ma e wezụga Mozis bụ ọhụụ, ọ bụghị eziokwu&quot;. Otú ọ dị, onye ọkà mmụta Isaac Abarbanel (1437-1509), kwuru na Jona nwere ike ịdị ndụ n'ụzọ dị mfe n'afọ azụ ahụ ruo ụbọchị atọ, n'ihi na &quot;mgbe niile, ụmụ ọhụrụ na-adị ndụ ọnwa itoolu n'enweghị ikuku dị ọcha&quot;.[42][43][44]

Teshuva - ikike ichegharị ma bụrụ onye Chineke gbaghara - bụ echiche a ma ama n'echiche ndị Juu. A kọwapụtara echiche a n'Akwụkwọ Jona: Jona, nwa ''eziokwu'' (aha nna ya &quot;Amitai&quot; na Hibru pụtara eziokwu), jụrụ ịrịọ ndị Nineveh ka ha chegharịa. Ọ na-achọ naanị eziokwu, ọ bụghị mgbaghara. Mgbe a manyere ya ịga, a na-anụ oku ya n'olu dara ụda ma doo anya, ndị Ninevech na-echegharị n'ụzọ na-atọ ụtọ, &quot;na-ebu ọnụ, gụnyere atụrụ,&quot; na ederede ndị Juu na-akatọ nke a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Babylonian Talmud|chapter=Sanhedrin}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ Jona na-egosikwa mmekọrịta na-adịghị akwụsi ike mgbe ụfọdụ n'etiti mkpa okpukpe abụọ: nkasi obi na eziokwu. 

Onye rabaị na onye nchọpụta ndị Juu nke narị afọ nke iri na abụọ Petachiah nke Regensburg gara n'ili Jona n'oge ọ gara Ala Nsọ, wee dee, sị: &quot;E nwere ọmarịcha obí eze e wuru n'elu ya. N'akụkụ ya bụ ogige ntụrụndụ ebe a na-ahụ ụdị mkpụrụ osisi niile. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, mgbe ndị Jentaịl bịara ọ na-enye ha ezigbo oriri, na-asị, na Jona, nwa Amittai, ọ bụ onye Juu ka ha ghara inye gị kpọmkwem ka ha rie ihe ọ ga-eme ka ha.

'''N'Akwụkwọ Tobit'''

A kpọtụrụ Jona aha ugboro abụọ na isi nke iri na anọ nke Vaticanus version nke Deuterocanonical Book of Tobit, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ebible.org/eng-Brenton/TOB14.htm|title=Brenton Septuagint Translation Tobit 14}}&lt;/ref&gt; nkwubi okwu nke na-ahụ nwa Tobit, Tobias, na-aṅụrị ọṅụ na akụkọ banyere mbibi Nineveh site na Nebukadneza na Ahasuerus na mmezu doro anya nke amụma Jona megide isi obodo Asiria.  [48] Codex Sinaiticus version nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke dị ogologo ma kwekọọ nke ọma na Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ, na-ezo aka na Nahum kama Jona, yana Cyaxares kama Nebukadneza na Ahasuerus.[50] Akụkọ a a pụrụ ịdabere na ya bụ ihe ndabere maka ọtụtụ nsụgharị nke oge a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bible.usccb.org/bible/tobit/14|title=Tobit, CHAPTER 14 &amp;#124; USCCB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Last_Judgement_(Michelangelo)_-_Jonah_and_Jesus.jpg|thumb|N'ihe osise ya bụ The Last Judgment, Michelangelo gosipụtara Kraịst n'okpuru Jona (IONAS) iji mee ka onye amụma ahụ bụrụ onye bu ya ụzọ]]
[[Faịlụ:Biblia.pauperum.jpg|thumb|Kraịst si n'ili bilie, n'akụkụ Jona gburu ọnụ n'ụsọ osimiri]]

==== N'Agba Ọhụrụ ====
N'Agba Ọhụrụ, a kpọtụrụ Jona aha n'oziọma Matiu  na Luk.  [54] Na Matiu, [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs]] na-ezo aka na Jona mgbe ụfọdụ ndị odeakwụkwọ na Ndị Farisii rịọrọ ya maka ihe ịrịba ama.[55][56] Jizọs kwuru na ihe ịrịba ama ahụ ga-abụ ihe ịrịbaanya Jona:   mweghachi Jona mgbe ụbọchị atọ na abalị atọ n'ime nnukwu azụ ahụ gosipụtara mbilite n'ọnwụ nke ya.[55][56][55]
{{Commons category}}
Na Luk, [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs]] na-ezo aka na Jona n'amụma eschatological, mgbe otu nwanyị nọ n'ìgwè mmadụ ahụ tiri mkpu na mberede, &quot;A gọziri agọzi bụ afọ nke na-enweghị gị, na popu ndị ị ṅụrụ&quot; (Luk 11:27 - King James Version):
 
But God said to Jonah: &quot;Do you have a right to be angry about the vine?&quot; And he said: &quot;I do. I am elangry enough to die.&quot;
But the Lord said: &quot;You have been concerned about this vine, though you did not tend it or make it grow. It sprang up overnight, and died overnigh. But Nineveh has more than a hundred and twenty thousand people who cannot tell their right hand from their left, and many cattle as well. Should I not be concerned about that great city?&quot;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Ọtụtụ okpukpe Ndị Kraịst na-ewere Jona dị ka onye nsọ. Ụbọchị oriri ya na Chọọchị Roman Katọlik bụ na 21 Septemba, dị ka ''Martyrologium Romanum'' si kwuo. Na Kalenda liturgical nke Ọtọdọks nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, ụbọchị oriri Jona bụ na 22 Septemba (maka ụka ndị na-agbaso kalenda ọdịnala Julian; 22 Septemba ugbu a na-ada n'ọnwa Ọktoba na Kalenda Gregorian nke oge a). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lives of all saints commemorated on September 22|url=https://oca.org/saints/all-lives/2017/09/22|publisher=Orthodox Church in America|date=22 September 2017|accessdate=13 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Chọọchị Ndịozi nke Armenia, a na-eme ememe ndị a na-agagharị agagharị iji cheta Jona dị ka otu onye amụma na dị ka otu n'ime ndị amụma iri na abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Commemoration of the Prophet Jonah|url=http://armenianchurch.ge/en/component/content/article/36-february/80-prophetjonah|publisher=Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Holy Church in Georgia|accessdate=13 March 2018|archivedate=14 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314104527/http://armenianchurch.ge/en/component/content/article/36-february/80-prophetjonah}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Commemoration of the 12 Minor Prophets|url=http://armenianchurch.ge/en/component/content/article/41-july/127-12minorprophets|publisher=Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Holy Church in Georgia|accessdate=13 March 2018|archivedate=14 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314042956/http://armenianchurch.ge/en/component/content/article/41-july/127-12minorprophets}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Commemoration Day of the 12 Minor Prophets. 24 July 2018|url=http://ststepanos.org/calendar/commemoration-day-of-the-12-minor-prophets/2018-07-24/|publisher=Saint Stepanos Armenian Apostolic Church of Elberon in New Jersey|accessdate=13 March 2018|archivedate=14 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314042752/http://ststepanos.org/calendar/commemoration-day-of-the-12-minor-prophets/2018-07-24/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-echeta ozi Jona na Nineveh site na Fast nke Nineveh na Syriac na Eastern Orthodox Churches. &lt;ref name=&quot;SycOrth&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Three day fast of Nineveh|url=http://sor.cua.edu/Feast/NinevehFast.html|publisher=Syriac Orthodox Resources|date=8 February 1998|accessdate=12 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-echeta Jona dị ka onye amụma na Kalenda nke Ndị Nsọ nke Missouri Synod nke Chọọchị Lutheran na 22 Septemba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Commemoration of Jonah, Prophet, 22 September|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Lutheran+Church+Missouri+Synod%22%22The+Commemoration+of+Jonah,+Prophet,+22+September%22|publisher=Concordia and Koinonia|accessdate=13 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe Ndị Kraịst akọwaala Jona dị ka ụdị Jizọs Kraịst.[65] A na-ewere Jona ka nnukwu azụ ahụ riri dị ka ihe na-egosi obe Jizọs  na Jona ka ọ na-apụta n'azụ azụ ahụ mgbe ụbọchị atọ gasịrị ka a na-ahụ ya dị ka ihe yiri Jizọs ka ọ na - si n'ili pụta mgbe ụbọchị atọ gachara. [66] Saint Jerome na-ejikọta Jona na akụkụ nke ịhụ mba n'anya nke Jizọs, ma na-akwado omume Jona site n'ikwu na &quot;Jona na-eme dị ka onye hụrụ mba n'ahụ, ọ bụghị nke ukwuu na ọ kpọrọ ndị Ninevites asị, dịka na ọ chọghị ibibi ndị nke ya&quot;.[67][67]

==== Echiche ndị e dere mgbe Bible gasịrị ====
[[Faịlụ:Jonah.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe oyiyi Ọtọdọks nke Russia nke Jonah, narị afọ nke 16 (Iconostasis nke Ebe obibi ndị mọnk Kizhi, Karelia, Russia) ]]
Ndị ntụgharị Ndị Kraịst ndị ọzọ, gụnyere [[Augustine nke Hippo|Saint Augustine]] na Martin Luther, ejirila ụzọ dị iche,  banyere Jona dị ka ihe atụ nke anyaụfụ na ekworo, nke ha weere dị ka njirimara nke ndị Juu. [68][69] Luther kwubiri na ''kikayon'' (osisi) na-anọchite anya okpukpe ndị Juu,  nakwa na ikpuru nke na-eri ya na-anọchi anya Kraịst. [70][71] Luther jikwa echiche ahụ bụ na e bu n'uche ka Akwụkwọ Jona dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ụzọ nkịtị, na-ekwu na o siri ike ikwere na onye ọ bụla gaara akọwa ya dị ka nke a ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị na Bible.[72] Nkọwa nke Luther na-emegide ndị Juu nke Jona nọgidere na-abụ nkọwa kachasị n'etiti ndị Protestant Germany n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a.[73] J. D. Michaelis na-ekwu na &quot;ihe akụkọ ifo ahụ pụtara na-emetụta gị n'etiti anya&quot;,  ma kwubie na Akwụkwọ Jona bụ arụmụka megide &quot;ịkpọasị na anyaụfụ nke ndị Israel n'ebe mba ndị ọzọ niile dị n'ụwa nọ.  Albert Eichhorn bụ onye nkwado siri ike nke nkọwa Michaelis.[69][74]

John Calvin na John Hooper lere Akwụkwọ Jona anya dị ka ịdọ aka ná ntị nye ndị niile nwere ike ịnwa ịgbapụ n'iwe Chineke.[75] Ọ bụ ezie na Luther kpachapụrụ anya na ọ bụghị Jona dere Akwụkwọ Jona,  Calvin kwupụtara na Akwụkwọ Jona bụ nkwupụta nke Jona. [76] Calvin na-ahụ oge Jona n'ime afọ azụ ahụ dị ka ọkụ nke Hel, nke e bu n'obi idozi Jona ma tinye ya n'ụzọ ezi omume.[77] Ọzọkwa, n'adịghị ka Luther, Calvin na-ahụ mmejọ na ihe odide niile dị n'akụkọ ahụ,  na-akọwa ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ dị ka &quot;obi siri ike na nke nwere obi siri ike, dị ka Cyclops'&quot;,  penitence nke Nineve dị ka &quot;enweghị ọzụzụ&quot;,  na eze Nineveh dị ka &quot;onye ọhụrụ. [76] Hooper, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-ahụ Jona dị ka onye nnupụisi mbụ  na ụgbọ mmiri a tụpụrụ ya dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke steeti ahụ. [78] Hooper na-akwa arịrị ndị dị otú ahụ, na-akatọ: &quot;Ị nwere ike ibi na ọtụtụ Jonasses n'ụzọ dị jụụ? Mba, tụba ha n'oké osimiri!&quot; Na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, a machibidoro ndị prọfesọ Germany ịkụzi na Akwụkwọ Jona bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ karịa akụkọ ihe mere eme.[78][79][72]

=== N'Ime Ndị Alakụba ===
[[Faịlụ:Jonah_and_the_Whale,_Folio_from_a_Jami_al-Tavarikh_(Compendium_of_Chronicles).jpg|thumb|Jona na nnukwu azụ dị na ''Jami' al-tawarikh'' (ihe dị ka 1400), Metropolitan Museum of ArtEbe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Metropolitan]]
{{Commons category}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;

==== kor'an ====
Jona (Arabic: يُونُس, romanized: Yūnus) bụ aha nke isi nke iri nke Quran. A na-ele Yūnus anya dị ka ihe dị oké mkpa na Islam dị ka onye amụma nke kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi nye Chineke ma zie ozi Ya. Jona bụ naanị otu n'ime ndị amụma iri na abụọ nke ndị Juu ka a ga-akpọ aha na Quran. Na Quran 21:87[2] na 68:48, a na-akpọ Jona Dhul-Nūn (Arabic: ذُو ٱلنُّوْن; nke pụtara &quot;Onye nke Azụ&quot;).[82] Na 4:163 na 6:86, a kpọrọ ya “onye ozi nke Allah”[82]. Surah 37:139–148 kwughachiri akụkọ nke Jona:[82]
 
Koran ekwughị banyere nna Jona, mana ọdịnala [[Ndi áláküba|Ndị Alakụba]] na-akụzi na Jona si n'ebo Benjamin nakwa na nna ya bụ Amittai.[82]

==== Hadiths ====
[[Faịlụ:Jonah_and_the_fish_Jeremiah_in_wilderness_Uzeyr_awakened_after_the_destruction_of_Jerusalem.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|377x377px|Jona na-anwa izochi ọtọ ya n'etiti ọhịa; Jeremaịa n'ọzara (n'elu aka ekpe); [[Uzair|Uzeyr]] tetara mgbe e bibichara Jeruselem. ''Zubdat al-Tawarikh'', obere ihe osise Ottoman, 1583.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=Turkish Treasures Culture /Art / Tourism Magazine|year=1978|url=http://kilyos.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Ext/Zubdat.html|author=G’nsel Renda|title=The Miniatures of the Zubdat Al- Tawarikh}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
A kpọtụrụ Jona aha n'ihe omume ole na ole n'oge ndụ Muhammad. Ndị Quraysh zigara onye na-ejere ha ozi, Addas, ka ọ nye ya mkpụrụ vaịn maka ihe oriri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Muhammad jụrụ Addas ebe o si, ohu ahụ zaghachiri Nineveh. &quot;Obodo Jona onye ezi omume, nwa Amittai!&quot; Muhammad tiri mkpu. Addas wụrụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ihi na ọ maara na ndị Arab na-ekpere arụsị amaghị banyere Jona onye amụma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ahụ ọ jụrụ otú Muhammad si mara nwoke a. &quot;Anyị bụ ụmụnne&quot;, Muhammad zara. &quot;Jonah bụ onye amụma nke Chineke na mụ onwe m bụkwa onye amụma nke Allah. &quot; Addas nabatara Islam ozugbo ma susuo aka na ụkwụ Muhammad ọnụ. 

Otu n'ime okwu ndị a na-ekwu na ọ bụ Muhammad, na nchịkọta nke Imam Bukhari, na-ekwu, na Muhammad kwuru &quot;Onye ekwesịghị ikwu na m ka Jona mma&quot;.  [86][87][88] Umayya ibn Abi al-Salt, onye meworo okenye n'oge Muhammad, kụziri na, ọ bụrụ na Jona ekpeghị ekpere nye Allah, ọ gaara anọgide na-arapara n'ime azụ ahụ ruo ụbọchị ikpe, mana, n'ihi ekpere ya, Jona &quot;nọrọ naanị ụbọchị ole na ole n'ime afọ azụ ahụ&quot;.[88][88]

Onye Persian na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke narị afọ nke itoolu bụ Al-Tabari dere na, mgbe Jona nọ n'ime azụ ahụ, &quot;ọ dịghị onye ọkpụkpụ ya ma ọ bụ ndị òtù ya merụrụ ahụ&quot;.[88] Al-Tabari dekwara na Allah mere ka ahụ azụ ahụ pụta ìhè, na-enye Jona ohere ịhụ &quot;ihe ịtụnanya nke omimi&quot; nakwa na Jona nụrụ azụ niile na-abụku Allah otuto.[89] Kisai Marvazi, onye na-ede uri na narị afọ nke iri, dere na nna Jona dị afọ iri asaa mgbe amụrụ Jona  nakwa na ọ nwụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị,  na-ahapụ nne Jona ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị spoon osisi, nke ghọrọ cornucopia.[88][88]

==== Ili ndị a sị na ọ bụ ====
[[Faịlụ:Ruins_of_the_Mosque_of_Yunus.png|thumb|Foto nke mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ụlọ alakụba Yunus, mgbe ISIL bibiri ya]]
Ebe Nineveh dị ugbu a bụ ebe e gwupụtara ọnụ ụzọ ámá ise, akụkụ nke mgbidi n'akụkụ anọ, na nnukwu ugwu abụọ: ugwu Kuyunjik na ugwu Nabi Yunus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com:443/maps?q=%22Al-Nabi+Yunus%22+OR+hill+OR+gate+OR+wall+loc:+Mosul,+Iraq&amp;hl=en&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;sll=37.6,-95.665&amp;sspn=36.011613,56.337891&amp;t=h&amp;hq=%22Al-Nabi+Yunus%22+OR+hill+OR+gate+OR+wall&amp;hnear=Mosul,+N%C4%ABnaw%C4%81,+Iraq&amp;z=13|title=Link to Google map with Nineveh markers at gates, wall sections, hills and mosque|publisher=Goo.gl|date=19 March 2013|accessdate=29 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; A raara ụlọ alakụba dị n'elu Nabi Yunus nye onye amụma Jona ma nwee ebe nsọ, nke ndị Alakụba na Ndị Kraịst na-asọpụrụ dị ka ebe ili Jona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/07/25/ISIS-destroys-tombs-of-two-prophets-in-Mosul.html|title=ISIS destroys 'Jonah's tomb' in Mosul|date=25 July 2014|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|accessdate=28 July 2014|quote=The radical Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) group has destroyed shrines belonging to two prophets, highly revered by both Christians and Muslims, in the northern city of Mosul, al-Sumaria News reported Thursday. &quot;ISIS militants have destroyed the Prophet Younis (Jonah) shrine east of Mosul city after they seized control of the mosque completely,&quot; a security source, who kept his identity anonymous, told the Iraq-based al-Sumaria News.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727203131/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/07/25/ISIS-destroys-tombs-of-two-prophets-in-Mosul.html|archivedate=27 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ili ahụ bụ ebe a ma ama maka njem ala nsọ  na ihe nnọchianya nke ịdị n'otu nye ndị Juu, Ndị Kraịst, na ndị Alakụba gafee Middle East. [92] Na Julaị 24, 2014, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) bibiri ụlọ alakụba nwere ili ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke mkpọsa iji bibie ebe nsọ okpukpe ọ weere dị ka ndị na-efe arụsị.[93][92] Mgbe e weghachitere Mosul n'aka ISIL na Jenụwarị 2017, a chọtara obí eze Asiria oge ochie nke Esarhaddon wuru n'okpuru ụlọ alakụba ahụ mebiri emebi.[92][94] ISIL kwakọọrọ ihe ndị dị n'obí eze iji ree n'ahịa ojii, mana ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị siri ike ibugharị ka nọ n'ebe ahụ.[92][94][94]

Ebe ndị ọzọ a ma ama nke ili Jona gụnyere:

* obodo [[Israel]]_Arabs&quot; id=&quot;mwA2U&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Israeli Arabs&quot;&gt;Ndị Arab nke Mashhad, nke dị na ebe ochie nke Gath-hepher na Israel; [54]
* ụlọ alakụba Nabi Yunis  Palestine nke 5&quot; href=&quot;./Halhul&quot; id=&quot;mwA28&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Halhul&quot;&gt;Halhul, na West Bank, 5 km (3.1 mi) n'ebe ugwu Hebron, e wuru ya n'elu ili Jonah; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Halhoul|url=https://www.travelpalestine.ps/en/article/50/Halhoul|accessdate=8 January 2023|work=www.travelpalestine.ps|archivedate=8 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108160107/https://www.travelpalestine.ps/en/article/50/Halhoul}}&lt;/ref&gt;[95]
* ebe nsọ dị nso n'obodo Sarafand (Sarepta) na [[Lebanon|Lebanọn]]; [97]
* ugwu a na-akpọ Giv'at Yonah ugbu a, &quot;Ugwu Jonah&quot;, n'akụkụ ugwu nke obodo Israel nke Ashdod, n'ebe ụlọ ọkụ nke oge a kpuchiri.
* &quot;ili Jona&quot; n'obodo Diyarbakir, Turkey, nke dị n'azụ mihrab na Fatih Pasha Mosque - Evliya Çelebi kwuru na Seyahatname ya na ọ gara ili Jonah na George onye amụma n'obodo ahụ.[5]

== Nkọwa ndị ọkà mmụta ==
Akụkọ banyere nwoke dị ndụ mgbe whale ma ọ bụ nnukwu azụ riri ya na katalọgụ nke ụdị [[Ndepụta Aarne-Thompson-Uther|Akụkọ ọdịnala]] dị ka [[Ndepụta Aarne-Thompson-Uther|ATU]] 1889G.[102]

=== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ===
[[Faịlụ:Jonah_and_the_sea_monster,_from_Wilpert,_1903,_page_47_sharpened.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Jona na anụ ọhịa oké osimiri, site na ihe osise Ndị Kraịst na catacombs ndị Rom na ngwụcha narị afọ nke abụọ A.D. Site n'aka nri gaa n'aka ekpe: Johah na-awụpụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, ebe anụ ọhịa oké mmiri ahụ na-echere; Johah na'ụsọ osimiri mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ nke anụ ọhịa ahụ. Anụ mmiri nke Ndị Kraịst Rom dọtara yiri hippocampus. ]]
Ọtụtụ Ndị ọkà mmụta Bible kwenyere na ihe dị n'Akwụkwọ Jona bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme.[4][103][104] Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ekwu na Jona onye amụma biri na narị afọ nke asatọ BCE, [1] e dere Akwụkwọ Jona ọtụtụ narị afọ ka e mesịrị n'oge Alaeze Ukwu Achaemenid.[105] Asụsụ Hibru e ji mee ihe n'Akwụkwọ Jona na-egosi mmetụta siri ike sitere na Aramaic [1] na omenala ndị akọwapụtara na ya kwekọrọ na nke ndị Achaemenid Persia.[27] Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ewere Akwụkwọ Jona dị ka ọrụ a kpachaara anya mee nke parody ma ọ bụ satire.         [7][8][106][107][108][109] Ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ eziokwu, mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-abụ na ndị amamihe nabatara ya n'ime akwụkwọ nsọ nke Bible Hibru bụ ndị na-aghọtaghị ọdịdị ya na-atọ ọchị    ma kọwaa ya n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi dị ka ọrụ amụma siri ike.    [110][108][109][109]

Jona n'onwe ya nwere ike ịbụ onye amụma akụkọ ihe mere eme;  a kpọtụrụ ya aha n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi n'Akwụkwọ nke Abụọ nke Ndị Eze:  [111][112][4]&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;N'okwu e kwuru na 1978 ma bipụta ya na 1979, onye Assyriologist Donald Wiseman gbachitere ezi uche dị na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke akụkọ ahụ, na-akwado &quot;ọdịnala na ọtụtụ ihe dị na akụkọ ahụ gosipụtara ihe ọmụma dị nso na nke ziri ezi banyere Asiria nke nwere ike isi na ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka narị afọ nke asatọ BC&quot;, na-ekwu na &quot;akụkọ Jona ekwesịghị iwere dị ka akụkọ ma ọ bụ ilu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiseman&quot;/&gt;

=== Ihe ndị na-emegide onwe ha ===
[[Faịlụ:Nineveh_Adad_gate_exterior_entrance_far2.JPG|thumb|Nweghachi nke oge a nke ọnụ ụzọ Adad na Nineveh na foto e sere tupu mbibi zuru oke nke ISIL na Eprel 2016.[115] Akwụkwọ Jona na-ekwubiga okwu ókè banyere ibu Nineve karịa ihe ọ bụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.[1][27]]]
Echiche Jona gosipụtara n'Akwụkwọ Jona bụ echiche nke ndị otu ndị Juu nwere n'oge e dere ya.  [8][116][107] Isi ebumnuche nke satire nwere ike ịbụ otu akụkụ nke Morton Smith na-akpọ &quot;Separationists&quot;,  ndị kwenyere na Chineke ga-ebibi ndị na-enupụ isi ya,  na a ga-ekpochapụ obodo ndị mmehie,  nakwa na ebere Chineke agbasaghị ndị na-abụghị Ọgbụgba ndụ Abraham.[117][107] McKenzie na Graham na-ekwu na &quot;Jonah bụ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ onye 'orthodox' nke ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe Israel - iji mee ihe gbasara nkà mmụta okpukpe. &quot;  Okwu Jonah n'ime akwụkwọ ahụ bụ agha ha,   mana aha ya pụtara &quot;ikuku&quot;,  nnụnụ nke ndị Izrel oge ochie jikọtara ya na udo.[107][118][107]

Ịjụ iwu Chineke jụrụ bụ ihe na-emegide nrubeisi nke ndị amụma akọwapụtara n'ihe odide Agba Ochie ndị ọzọ.[119] Ncheegharị nke eze Nineveh na-akọwa ndị ọchịchị n'ihe odide ndị ọzọ nke Agba Ochie ndị na-eleghara ịdọ aka ná ntị amụma anya, dị ka Ehab na Zedekaya.[109] Ịdị njikere ife Chineke nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na ndị Nineve gosipụtara dị iche na enweghị mmasị Jona n'onwe ya,  dị ka ịhụnanya Jona nwere maka ''kikayon'' na-enye ya onyinyo karịa ndị niile nọ na Nineve. [120][120]

Akwụkwọ Jona na-ejikwa ihe ndị na-enweghị isi; [1] ọ na-emebiga ókè ókè ókè n'obosara obodo Nineve ruo n'ókè a na-apụghị ikwere ekwere [1]  ma na-ezo aka n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi na onye nchịkwa obodo ahụ dị ka &quot;eze&quot;.[27] Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta si kwuo, ọ dịghị mmadụ nwere ike ịdị ndụ ruo ụbọchị atọ n'ime azụ, [1] na nkọwa nke anụ ụlọ na Nineveh na-ebu ọnụ n'akụkụ ndị nwe ha bụ &quot;ihe nzuzu&quot;. [27]A na-emegide ụfọdụ n'ime isi ihe ndị a na nkuzi Donald Wiseman a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiseman&quot;/&gt;

Ihe ngosi nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke nnukwu azụ ma ọ bụ whale riri ghọrọ ihe odide satirical ndị e mechara dee.[121] A na-akọ akụkọ yiri nke a na Lucian nke Samosata's A True Story, nke e dere na narị afọ nke abụọ CE,  na akwụkwọ akụkọ Baron Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvellous Travels and Campaigns in Russia, nke Rudolf Erich Raspe bipụtara na 1785. [122][123]

== Azụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Germany_Worms_Cathedral_Jonah.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise nke Jona na &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot; n'ọnụ ụzọ dị n'ebe ndịda nke oge Gothic Dom St. Peter, na Worms, Germany]]
Ọ bụ ezie na nkà na omenala na-egosipụtakarị azụ̀ Jona dị ka whale, ihe odide Hibru, dị ka akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ nile, [ntụgharị uche] na-ezo aka na ọ dịghị ụdị mmiri ọ bụla, nanị na-ekwu &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot;. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta Akwụkwọ Nsọ na-atụ aro nha na àgwà nke nnukwu shark na-acha ọcha kwekọrọ n'ihe atụ nke ahụmahụ Jona, ọ na-abụkarị mmadụ toruworo ogo mmadụ nke ukwuu nke na a ga-eloda ya kpam kpam. Mmepe nke whaling malite na narị afọ nke 18 gaa n'ihu mere ka o doo anya na ọtụtụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ha nile, ụdị whale enweghị ike ilo mmadụ, na-eduga n'ọtụtụ arụmụka banyere eziokwu nke akụkọ Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke Jona.[1].

Na Jona 2:1 (1:17 na nsụgharị Bekee), ederede Hibru na-agụ ''dag gadol''&lt;ref name=&quot;blb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/lxx/jon/1/17/t_conc_890017|title=Yonah - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (LXX)|work=[[Blue Letter Bible]]|accessdate=24 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911144915/https://www.blueletterbible.org/lxx/jon/1/17/t_conc_890017|archivedate=11 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; (דג גדול) ma ọ bụ, na ederede Masoretic nke Hibru, ''dāḡ gāḏōl'' (דָּיג גָּד֔וֹל), nke pụtara &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;blb&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://biblehub.com/interlinear/jonah/1-17.htm|title=Interlinear Bible: Greek, Hebrew, Transliterated, English ...|publisher=Bible Hub|accessdate=24 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Septuagint sụgharịrị ahịrịokwu a n'asụsụ Grik dị ka kētei megalōi (κήτει), nke pụtara &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Robertson1960&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VhaeqyhMjHgC|title=Word Pictures in the New Testament – Matthew|first=A. T.|author=Robertson|publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library|date=1960|isbn=978-1-610-25188-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'Akụkọ ifo ndị Gris, a na-eji otu okwu ahụ pụtara &quot;azụ̀&quot; (''kêtos'') akọwa anụ ọhịa oké osimiri nke dike Perseus gburu nke fọrọ nke nta ka o rie Princess Andromeda.[128] Jerome mechara sụgharịa ahịrịokwu a dị ka ''piscis grandis'' na Latin Vulgate ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ sụgharịrị ''koilia ketus'' dị ka ''afọ ceti'' na Matiu 12:40:  ikpe nke abụọ a na-apụta naanị n'amaokwu a nke Agba Ọhụrụ.  [131]&lt;ref name=&quot;Parris2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Parris|first=David Paul|title=Reading the Bible with Giants. How 2000 Years of Biblical Interpretation Can Shed New Light on Old Texts|edition=2|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|location=Eugene, Oregon|year=2015|isbn=978-1-625-64728-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JN30BgAAQBAJ|quote=What is interesting...is the way that Jerome...translated the references to the big fish in Jonah and Matthew. [...] In translating Matt 12:40, however, he follows the Greek text and says that Jonah was in the ''ventre ceti''—the belly of the whale/sea monster&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ụfọdụ, ''cetus'' ghọrọ ihe jikọrọ ya na &quot;whale&quot; (a na-akpọ ọmụmụ banyere whales ugbu a cetology). Na nsụgharị ya nke 1534, William Tyndale sụgharịrị ahịrịokwu ahụ dị na Jona 2:1 dị ka &quot;nnukwu fyshe&quot; na okwu ''ketos'' (Grik) ma ọ bụ ''cetus'' (Latin) na Matiu 12:40 dị ka &quot;whale&quot;. E mechara tinye nsụgharị Tyndale na Authorized Version nke 1611. Kemgbe ahụ, a na-akọwakarị &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot; na Jonah 2 dị ka whale. N'asụsụ Bekee, ụfọdụ nsụgharị na-eji okwu &quot;whale&quot; maka Matiu 12:40, ebe ndị ọzọ na-eji &quot;ihe e kere eke nke oké osimiri&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huber2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Huber|first=Walt|title=How Did God Do It? A Symphony of Science and Scripture|publisher=Friesen Press|location=Victoria, British Columbia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=khtQAwAAQBAJ|year=2013|isbn=978-1-460-21127-4|quote=The word ''whale'' is never used in the book of Jonah. The only biblical reference to &quot;Jonah and the whale&quot; appears in the New Testament in Matthew 12:40 (KJV &amp; RSV). [...] ''Whale'' is not used in the other translations: TEV uses ''big fish''; NLT, ''great fish''; and TNIV, ''huge fish''&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkọwa sayensị ===
[[Faịlụ:Whale_shark_Georgia_aquarium.jpg|thumb|Foto nke whale shark, ụdị azụ kachasị ukwuu a maara &lt;ref name=&quot;Wood1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Gerald L.|author=Wood|title=The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats|url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=AWhFAQAAIAAJ}}|year=1976|publisher=Guinness Superlatives|isbn=978-0-900424-60-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Faịlụ:0b4a8510_by_vitaly_sokol-dbw14sol.jpg|thumb|Foto nke sperm whale, anụ na-eri ibe ya kachasị ukwuu na otu n'ime ụdị whale kachasị ukwuu dị ugbu a]]
Na narị afọ nke iri na asaa na nke iri na asatọ, ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ndị e kere eke, na-akọwa akụkọ Jona dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme, na-echegbu onwe ha ịnwa ịmata kpọmkwem ụdị azụ ndị riri Jona.[136] N'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, Edward Bouverie Pusey, prọfesọ nke Hibru na Mahadum Oxford, kwuru na Jona n'onwe ya ga-abụrịrị na o dere Akwụkwọ Jona ma kwuo na akụkọ azụ ahụ ga-abụ eziokwu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ gaghị etinye ya na Bible.[137] Pusey gbalịrị iji sayensị depụta azụ ahụ, na-enwe olileanya &quot;ime ihere ndị na-ekwu maka ọrụ ebube nke nchekwa Jona na azụ ahụ dị ka ihe na-adịchaghị mma karịa ọrụ ebube ọ bụla ọzọ nke Chineke&quot;.[138][139]

Arụmụka banyere azụ dị n'Akwụkwọ Jona keere òkè dị mkpa n'oge Clarence Darrow na-enyocha William Jennings Bryan na ikpe Scopes na 1925. &lt;ref name=&quot;Smolla1997&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Smolla|first=Rodney A.|title=Monkey Business|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=5 October 1997|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/10/05/reviews/971005.05smollat.html|accessdate=6 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; [72] Darrow jụrụ Bryan &quot;Mgbe ị gụrụ na ... whale riri Jonah ... olee otu ị ga-esi kọwaa nke ahụ n'ụzọ nkịtị?&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Smolla1997&quot; /&gt; Bryan zaghachiri na o kwenyere na &quot;Chineke nke nwere ike ime whale ma nwee ike ime mmadụ ma mee ka ha abụọ mee ihe Ọ masịrị ya&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lidz2016&quot; /&gt; Bryan kwetara na ọ dị mkpa ịkọwa Bible, &lt;ref name=&quot;Smolla1997&quot; /&gt; a na-ewere ya n'ozuzu dị ka ọ pụtara dị ka &quot;buffoon&quot;.[72]

Nnukwu n'ime whale niile - blue whales - bụ baleen whales nke na-eri plankton; na &quot;a na-ekwukarị na ụdị a ga-egbu egbu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ gbalịrị ilo herring. &quot;  Nnukwu n&quot;ime azụ niile - whale shark - nwere nnukwu ọnụ, mana akpịrị ya dị naanị sentimita anọ n'obosara, na ogwe aka dị nkọ ma ọ bụ gbagọọ n'azụ oghere ahụ, nke mere na ọbụnadị aka mmadụ agaghị enwe ike ịgafe ya. Ya mere, Jona enweghị ike ịbụ onye whale shark riri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gudger1940&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gudger|first=Eugene Willis|title=Twenty-five Years' Quest of the Whale Shark|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-monthly_1940-03_50_3/page/225|journal=The Scientific Monthly|volume=50|issue=3|pages=225–233|year=1940}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sperm whales, Otú ọ dị, yiri ka ọ bụ ihe dị iche: Ha na-eri nnukwu squid mgbe niile, yabụ na mmadụ nwere ike ilo mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dị ka ehi, sperm whales nwere afọ anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ụlọ nke mbụ enweghị mmiri afọ mana o nwere mgbidi iji kpochapụ nri ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Reidenberg|first=Joy|date=19 November 2014|title=What would happen if you were swallowed by a whale?|work=[[The Naked Scientists]]|url=https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/science-features/what-would-happen-if-you-were-swallowed-whale|accessdate=May 7, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Chris|date=27 June 2010|title=Could a human survive swallowing by a whale?|work=[[The Naked Scientists]]|url=https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/questions/could-human-survive-swallowing-whale|accessdate=7 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ gaghị ekwe omume iku ume n'ime afọ sperm whale n'ihi na ikuku adịghị (ma eleghị anya methane kama).  Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke 2023 nke Daniel Kraus na-enyocha echiche nke nwoke na-adị ndụ nke sperm whale riri, mana o nwere tankị oxygen.

== Mmetụta ọdịbendị ==
[[Faịlụ:Jonah_in_the_whale_detail_Verdun_altar.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise Jona na champlevé enamel (1181) nke Nicholas nke Verdun sere n'ebe ịchụàjà Verduner na Klosterneuburg Abbey, Austria]]
N'asụsụ Turkish, &quot;Jonah's fish&quot; (''yunus balığı'') bụ okwu a na-eji eme ihe maka dolphin.&lt;ref name=&quot;TuretBayram1996&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Sevket Turet|title=Practical English-Turkish handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BzxkAAAAMAAJ|date=1 May 1996|publisher=Hippocrene Books|isbn=9780781804769}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okwu a na-ekwukarị n'etiti ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-eji okwu ahụ bụ &quot;Jona&quot; eme ihe iji pụta onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri / onye njem nke ọnụnọ ya n'ụgbọ ahụ na-eweta ọdachi ma na-etinye ụgbọ mmiri ahụ n'ihe ize ndụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|work=The New York Times|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/03/06/102957718.pdf|title=Afflicted with a Jonah; The Sea Captain's Fear of Parsons' Sons|date=6 March 1885}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka oge na-aga, a gbatịkwuru nkọwa a maka &quot;onye na-ebu jinx, onye ga-eweta ọdachi na ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/Jonah|title=Jonah|work=Collins English Dictionary|accessdate=6 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627051337/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/jonah|archivedate=27 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbanyeghị mkpirikpi ya, e meela ka Akwụkwọ Jona dị ọtụtụ ugboro n'akwụkwọ na n'omenala a ma ama.[151][152] Na Herman Melville's ''Moby-Dick'' (1851), Nna Mapple na-ekwu okwuchukwu na Akwụkwọ Jonah. Mapple jụrụ ihe mere Jonah anaghị egosi ịkwa ụta maka inupụ Chineke isi mgbe ọ nọ n'ime azụ ahụ. Ọ kwubiri na Jonah ghọtara nke ọma na &quot; ntaramahụhụ ọjọọ ya bụ ihe ziri ezi. &quot;  The Adventures of Pinocchio nke Carlo Collodi (1883) gosipụtara onye isi na nna ya Geppetto ka &quot;Terrible Dogfish&quot; riri, na-ezo aka n'akụkọ Jonah.[154] Ihe nkiri Walt Disney mere na 1940 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-ejigide ihe a.[155] Akụkọ Jonah ka e mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri animated nke Phil Vischer na Mike Nawrocki Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie (2002). N'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, Jonah (nke Archibald Asparagus gosipụtara) bụ onye nnukwu whale riri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie (2002)|first=Mark|author=Deming|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/jonah-a-veggietales-movie-v266876|publisher=[[AllMovie]]|accessdate=9 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110120034/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/jonah-a-veggietales-movie-v266876|archivedate=10 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njikọ ndị a tụrụ aro na akụkọ ifo ==
[[Faịlụ:Chapiteau_Mozac_Jonas_1.JPG|thumb|Jona ka nnukwu anụ ọhịa nwere ezé riri. Isi obodo a tụrụ atụ nke ogidi site na nave nke ụlọ ụka ndị mọnk na Mozac, France, narị afọ nke iri na abụọ.]]
Joseph Campbell na-atụ aro na akụkọ Jonah yiri ihe nkiri sitere na Epic of Gilgamesh, ebe Gilgamesh nwetara osisi site na ala oké osimiri.[157] N'ime Akwụkwọ Jona, ikpuru (n'asụsụ Hibru ''Tola'ath'', &quot;maggot&quot;) na-ata mgbọrọgwụ osisi ahụ na-enye ndò na-eme ka ọ kpọnwụọ;  ebe na Epic nke Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh na-eke nkume n'ụkwụ ya ma na-ewepụta osisi ya n'ala oké osimiri.  [157][158] Ozugbo ọ laghachiri n'ikpere mmiri, agwọ riri osisi ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị ọhụrụ.[157][159]

=== Jason (akụkọ ifo ndị Gris) ===
Campbell kwukwara ọtụtụ myirịta dị n'etiti akụkọ Jonah na nke Jason na akụkọ ifo ndị Gris.[157] Nsụgharị Grik nke aha ''J''o'''' bụ Jonah, nke dị iche na ''Jason'' naanị n'usoro ụda - ha abụọ bụ omegas na-atụ aro na enwere ike ịgbagwoju Jason anya na Jonah.[157] Gildas Hamel, na-adabere n'Akwụkwọ Jona na isi mmalite ndị Gris - gụnyere Arịa ndị Gris na akụkọ Apollonius nke Rhodes, Gaius Valerius Flaccus na Orphic Argonautica - na-akọwa ọtụtụ ihe jikọrọ ọnụ, gụnyere aha ndị dike, ọnụnọ nke nduru, echiche nke &quot;ịgba ọsọ&quot; dị ka ifufe ma na-akpata oké ifufe, àgwà nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, ọnụnwụ nke anụ mmiri ma ọ bụ dragọn na-eyi egwu ma ọ bụ na-elo ya, na-eji &quot;gourd&quot; (ụdị na-eri ya, na okwu ahụ). Hamel na-ewere echiche na ọ bụ onye edemede Hibru meghachiri ma gbanwee akụkọ ifo a iji kwupụta ozi nke ya dị nnọọ iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamel2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hamel|first=Gildas|title=Taking the Argo to Nineveh: Jonah and Jason in a Mediterranean Context|journal=Judaism|volume=44|issue=3|pages=1–21|date=25 April 2015|url=https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.ucsc.edu/dist/9/20/files/2015/06/Jonah.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Aquanaut, onye na-anọ n'okpuru mmiri ruo ogologo oge
* Akụkọ Bible na nke kor'an
* Jona n'elu ụlọ ekpere Sistine
* Akụkọ ifo na kor'an
* Ndị amụma nke Islam
* Qisas Al-Anbiya

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250414031032/https://www.bible.gallery/art/jan-the-elder-brueghel/jonah-leaving-the-whale/145/passage Jona na-ahapụ whale]
* [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1701.htm Akwụkwọ Jona (Hibru na Bekee)]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jonah+1-4&amp;version=NIV Akwụkwọ Jona (NIV)]
*  
* ihe oyiyi Ọtọdọks Jona na synaxarion
* [http://www.christianiconography.info/jonah.html Jona onye Amụma] na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Christian Iconography

== Ihe edeturu ==
 

== Edensibia ==
 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

*  
* {{Cite book|chapter=[[s:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture/LXVI. The Prophet Jonas.|The Prophet Jonas.]]|title=A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture|year=1910|publisher=B. Herder|author=Friedrich Justus Knecht}}
* Lasine, Stuart 2020. Jona na Ọnọdụ Mmadụ: Ndụ na Ọnwụ na Ụwa Yahweh.New York: Bloomsbury/T &amp; T Clark.

== Identity ==


''''''Jona''' nwa Amittai''' ma ọ bụ Jona (Hibru: יוֹנָה Yōnā, lit. 'ikuku') [a] bụ onye amụma [[Jew|Ndị Juu]] na Bible Hibru nke sitere na Gath-hepher na Alaeze Ugwu nke Israel n'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke 8 BCE. Ọ bụ onye dị n'etiti Akwụkwọ Jona, otu n'ime Ndị amụma nta-eto eto, nke na-akọwapụta na ọ chọghị inyefe ikpe Chineke n'obodo Nineveh (nke dị nso na Mosul nke oge a) na Alaeze Ukwu Asiria. Mgbe nnukwu ihe e kere eke n'oké osimiri (Hibru: דג גדול,  , lit. &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;) riri ya wee hapụ ya, ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ Chineke.

N'[[Judaism|Okpukpe ndị Juu]], akụkọ Jona na-anọchite anya ozizi nke nchegharị na okpukpe ndị Juu, ikike ichegharị n'ihu Chineke maka mgbaghara. N'Agba Ọhụrụ nke [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]], [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs]] na-akpọ onwe ya &quot;karịa Jona&quot; ma na-ekwe Ndị Farisii nkwa &quot;ihe ịrịba ama Jona&quot; mgbe ọ na-ezo aka na mbilite n'ọnwụ ya. Ndị ntụgharị Ndị Kraịst oge ochie lere Jona anya dị ka &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwOg&quot;&gt;ụdị&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Jizọs. A na-ewere Jona na Islam dị ka onye amụma na akụkọ Jona pụtara na surah nke kor'an aha ya, Yūnus.

Ọtụtụ Ndị ọkà mmụta Bible nke oge a na-atụ aro na Akwụkwọ Jona bụ akụkọ ifo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tawfeeq|first=Dana Ford,Mohammed|date=2014-07-24|title=Extremists destroy Jonah's tomb, officials say|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/07/24/world/iraq-violence/index.html|accessdate=2024-03-03|work=CNN|language=en|quote=&quot;Biblical scholars are divided on whether the tomb in Mosul actually belonged to Jonah. In the Jewish tradition, he returns to his hometown of Gath-Hepher after his mission to Nineveh. And some modern scholars say the Jonah story is more myth than history.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;   na ọ dịkarịa ala akụkụ ụfọdụ nke satirical.[4][5][6][7][8] Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-eche na e dere Akwụkwọ Jona ogologo oge mgbe ihe omume ndị ọ kọwara n'ihi ojiji o ji okwu na ihe ndị dị na postxilic Aramaic sources mee ihe.&lt;ref&gt; {{Cite book|author=Lovelace|first=Vanessa|chapter=Jonah|editor=O'Brien|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Minor Prophets|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2021|pages=449–460|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673208.013.34|isbn=978-0-19-067320-8|quote=A majority of scholars regard the book’s composition as considerably later than the events it describes. They point first and foremost to language. Jonah includes words and motifs that are found only in postexilic biblical and nonbiblical Aramaic sources (for further discussion, see Wolff 1986). This includes, for example, seafaring words such as “mariner” (mallah) and “ship” (sefina) (1:5), “sailor” (hovel) (1:6), the phrase “on whose account?” (1:7, 12), and the ascription “God of heaven” (1:9; cf. Gen 24:7) which appear rarely in the Hebrew Bible (Ps 107 and Ezek 27) but are common in postexilic biblical and Imperial Aramaic sources. Hans Walter Wolff suggests that infrequency of certain vocabulary and phrases in Jonah can be accounted for by their limited use in specific contexts (Wolff 1986, 76), but the late biblical verbal constructions that are unique to Jonah support the argument that the book is postexilic.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Omume Jona nwa Amittai nwere ike ịdabere na onye amụma akụkọ ihe mere eme nke otu aha ahụ buru amụma n'oge ọchịchị Eze Amazia nke Juda, dịka e kwuru na 2 Kings.

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-egosikarị ihe e kere eke riri Jona na nka na ọdịbendị dị ka whale, ederede Hibru na-eji ahịrịokwu ahụ bụ &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot;. Na narị afọ nke iri na asaa na mmalite narị afọ nke asatọ, ụdị azụ ndị riri Jona bụ isiokwu nke ịkọ nkọ site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ndị e kere eke, bụ ndị kọwara akụkọ ahụ dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta ọdịnala nke oge a, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-ekwu na ọdịiche dị n'etiti Jona na ndị ọzọ a ma ama n'okpukpe, dị ka onye India yogi Matsyendranatha &quot;Onyenwe Azụ&quot;, eze Sumerian Gilgamesh, na dike Gris Jason.

== Akwụkwọ Jona ==
{{Reflist|25em}}
[[Faịlụ:Pieter_Lastman_-_Jonah_and_the_Whale_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|''Jona na Whale'' (1621) nke Pieter Lastman dere]]
[[Faịlụ:Dore_jonah.jpg|thumb|Jona na-ezi ndị Ninive ozi ọma (1866) nke Gustave Doré dere, na La Grande Bible de Tours''Great Bible nke Tours'']]
''Jọpa'' bụ onye dị mkpa n'Akwụkwọ Jona, ebe Chineke nyere ya iwu ka ọ gaa n'obodo Nineveh iji buo amụma megide ya &quot;n'ihi na ajọ omume ha na-abịa n'ihu m, &quot;  mana Jona na-anwa ịgbapụ na &quot;ọnụnọ nke Onyenwe anyị&quot; site n'ịga Jaffa (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-asụgharị ya dị ka Joppa ma ọ bụ ''Joppe''). Ọ banyere ụgbọ mmiri gaa Tarshish. Nnukwu oké ifufe bilitere ma ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, na-aghọta na ọ bụghị oké ifufe nkịtị, tụbara ma chọpụta na Jona bụ onye ụta. Jona kwetara na nke a ma kwuo na ọ bụrụ na a tụba ya n'oké osimiri, oké ifufe ahụ ga-akwụsị. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ jụrụ ime nke a ma gaa n'ihu na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, mana mbọ ha niile dara, ha mechara tụba Jona n'oké osimiri. N'ihi ya, oké ifufe ahụ kwụsịrị ma ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-achụ àjà nye Chineke. 

Mgbe a tụpụrụ Jona n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, nnukwu azụ riri Jona, n'ime afọ nke ọ nọrọ ụbọchị atọ na abalị atọ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'oké azụ ahụ, Jona na-ekpe ekpere n'ebe Chineke nọ n'ahụhụ ya ma na-ekwe nkwa ikele ya na ịkwụ ụgwọ ihe o kwere nkwa. Chineke nyere azụ̀ ahụ iwu ka ọ gbasaa Jona.

Chineke nyekwara Jona iwu ọzọ ka ọ gaa Nineve ma buo amụma nye ndị bi na ya. N'oge a, ọ gara ebe ahụ wee banye n'obodo ahụ, na-eti mkpu, &quot;N'ime ụbọchị iri anọ, a ga-akwatu Nineveh. &quot;  Mgbe Jona gafere Nineveh, ndị mmadụ malitere ikwere okwu ya ma kwupụta ibu ọnụ.  Eze Nineve na-eyi akwa akpa ma nọdụ ala n'ọka, na-eme nkwupụta nke na-enye iwu ibu ọnụ, iyi akwa akpa, ekpere na nchegharị.  Chineke hụrụ obi nchegharị ha ma chebe obodo ahụ n'oge ahụ. Obodo ahụ dum dị ala ma mebie, na ndị mmadụ (na ọbụna anụ ụlọ)   na-eyi akpa na ntụ. [27]

N'ịbụ onye nke a na-enweghị obi ụtọ, Jona na-ezo aka na ọpụpụ mbụ ya gaa Tarshish ka ọ na-ekwusi ike na, ebe ọ bụ na Chineke nwere obi ebere, ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na Chineke ga-esi na ọdachi ndị a na-eyi egwu pụọ. Ọ hapụrụ obodo ahụ wee mee ebe mgbaba, na-echere ịhụ ma a ga-ebibi obodo ahụ ma ọ bụ na ọ gaghị ebi. Chineke na-eme ka osisi (n'asụsụ Hibru a ''kikayon'') too n'elu ebe Jona nọ iji nye ya ndò site na anyanwụ. Ka oge na-aga, Chineke na-eme ka ikpuru taa mgbọrọgwụ osisi ahụ ma kpọnwụọ. Jona, mgbe a na-ekpughe ya n'ike zuru oke nke anyanwụ, ọ na-agwụ ike ma rịọ Chineke ka o gbuo ya.
 

== Echiche okpukpe ==

=== N'Okpukpe Ndị Juú ===
[[Faịlụ:Kennicott_Bible_305r.l.jpg|thumb|Ihe atụ nke azụ̀ sitere na Bible Kennicott loro Jona, folio 305r (1476), n’ọ́bá akwụkwọ Bodleian, Oxford]]
Akwụkwọ Jona (Yonah יונה) bụ otu n'ime ndị amụma iri na abụọ dị na Bible Hibru. Dị ka otu ọdịnala si kwuo, Jona bụ nwa nwoke ahụ Iliya onye amụma mere ka ọ dịghachi ndụ na 1 Kings.  [35] Omenala ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ nwa nwanyị Shunem nke Elisha mere ka ọ dị ndụ na 2 Kings   nakwa na a na-akpọ ya &quot;nwa Amittai&quot; (''Eziokwu'') n'ihi na nne ya ghọtara na Ịlaịsha bụ onye amụma na 1 Kings.  [37] A na-agụ Akwụkwọ Jona kwa afọ, n'asụsụ Hibru mbụ ya na n'ozuzu ya, na Yom Kippur - Ụbọchị Mgbaghara - dị ka Haftarah n'ekpere Mincha.[39][40] Dị ka Rabbi Eliezer si kwuo, e kere azụ ahụ riri Jona n'oge mbụ  na ime ọnụ ya dị ka ụlọ nzukọ;  anya azụ ahụ dị ka windo  na pearl dị n'ime ọnụ ya nyere ìhè ọzọ. [41][41]

Dị ka Midrash si kwuo, mgbe Jona nọ n'ime azụ ahụ, azụ ahụ gwara ya na ndụ ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gwụ n'ihi na n'oge na-adịghị anya Leviathan ga-eri ha abụọ.[41] Jona kwere azụ ahụ nkwa na ọ ga-azọpụta ha.[41] N'ịgbaso ntụziaka Jona, azụ ahụ gbagoro n'akụkụ Leviathan[41] ma Jona yiri egwu iji ire ya kee Leviathan ma hapụ azụ nke ọzọ ka ọ rie ya.[41] Leviathan nụrụ egwu Jona, hụrụ na e biri ya úgwù, wee ghọta na Onyenwe anyị chebere ya, ya mere ọ gbapụrụ n'egwu, na-ahapụ Jona na azụ ahụ ka ha dị ndụ.[41][41]

Onye ọkà mmụta na onye rabaị ndị Juu nke oge ochie Abraham ibn Ezra (1092-1167) rụrụ ụka megide nkọwa ọ bụla nke Akwụkwọ Jona, na-ekwu na &quot;ahụmahụ nke ndị amụma niile ma e wezụga Mozis bụ ọhụụ, ọ bụghị eziokwu&quot;. Otú ọ dị, onye ọkà mmụta Isaac Abarbanel (1437-1509), kwuru na Jona nwere ike ịdị ndụ n'ụzọ dị mfe n'afọ azụ ahụ ruo ụbọchị atọ, n'ihi na &quot;mgbe niile, ụmụ ọhụrụ na-adị ndụ ọnwa itoolu n'enweghị ikuku dị ọcha&quot;.[42][43][44]

Teshuva - ikike ichegharị ma bụrụ onye Chineke gbaghara - bụ echiche a ma ama n'echiche ndị Juu. A kọwapụtara echiche a n'Akwụkwọ Jona: Jona, nwa ''eziokwu'' (aha nna ya &quot;Amitai&quot; na Hibru pụtara eziokwu), jụrụ ịrịọ ndị Nineveh ka ha chegharịa. Ọ na-achọ naanị eziokwu, ọ bụghị mgbaghara. Mgbe a manyere ya ịga, a na-anụ oku ya n'olu dara ụda ma doo anya, ndị Ninevech na-echegharị n'ụzọ na-atọ ụtọ, &quot;na-ebu ọnụ, gụnyere atụrụ,&quot; na ederede ndị Juu na-akatọ nke a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Babylonian Talmud|chapter=Sanhedrin}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ Jona na-egosikwa mmekọrịta na-adịghị akwụsi ike mgbe ụfọdụ n'etiti mkpa okpukpe abụọ: nkasi obi na eziokwu. 

Onye rabaị na onye nchọpụta ndị Juu nke narị afọ nke iri na abụọ Petachiah nke Regensburg gara n'ili Jona n'oge ọ gara Ala Nsọ, wee dee, sị: &quot;E nwere ọmarịcha obí eze e wuru n'elu ya. N'akụkụ ya bụ ogige ntụrụndụ ebe a na-ahụ ụdị mkpụrụ osisi niile. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, mgbe ndị Jentaịl bịara ọ na-enye ha ezigbo oriri, na-asị, na Jona, nwa Amittai, ọ bụ onye Juu ka ha ghara inye gị kpọmkwem ka ha rie ihe ọ ga-eme ka ha.

'''N'Akwụkwọ Tobit'''

A kpọtụrụ Jona aha ugboro abụọ na isi nke iri na anọ nke Vaticanus version nke Deuterocanonical Book of Tobit, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ebible.org/eng-Brenton/TOB14.htm|title=Brenton Septuagint Translation Tobit 14}}&lt;/ref&gt; nkwubi okwu nke na-ahụ nwa Tobit, Tobias, na-aṅụrị ọṅụ na akụkọ banyere mbibi Nineveh site na Nebukadneza na Ahasuerus na mmezu doro anya nke amụma Jona megide isi obodo Asiria.  [48] Codex Sinaiticus version nke akwụkwọ ahụ, nke dị ogologo ma kwekọọ nke ọma na Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ, na-ezo aka na Nahum kama Jona, yana Cyaxares kama Nebukadneza na Ahasuerus.[50] Akụkọ a a pụrụ ịdabere na ya bụ ihe ndabere maka ọtụtụ nsụgharị nke oge a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bible.usccb.org/bible/tobit/14|title=Tobit, CHAPTER 14 &amp;#124; USCCB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Last_Judgement_(Michelangelo)_-_Jonah_and_Jesus.jpg|thumb|N'ihe osise ya bụ The Last Judgment, Michelangelo gosipụtara Kraịst n'okpuru Jona (IONAS) iji mee ka onye amụma ahụ bụrụ onye bu ya ụzọ]]
[[Faịlụ:Biblia.pauperum.jpg|thumb|Kraịst si n'ili bilie, n'akụkụ Jona gburu ọnụ n'ụsọ osimiri]]

==== N'Agba Ọhụrụ ====
N'Agba Ọhụrụ, a kpọtụrụ Jona aha n'oziọma Matiu  na Luk.  [54] Na Matiu, [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs]] na-ezo aka na Jona mgbe ụfọdụ ndị odeakwụkwọ na Ndị Farisii rịọrọ ya maka ihe ịrịba ama.[55][56] Jizọs kwuru na ihe ịrịba ama ahụ ga-abụ ihe ịrịbaanya Jona:   mweghachi Jona mgbe ụbọchị atọ na abalị atọ n'ime nnukwu azụ ahụ gosipụtara mbilite n'ọnwụ nke ya.[55][56][55]
{{Commons category}}
Na Luk, [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs]] na-ezo aka na Jona n'amụma eschatological, mgbe otu nwanyị nọ n'ìgwè mmadụ ahụ tiri mkpu na mberede, &quot;A gọziri agọzi bụ afọ nke na-enweghị gị, na popu ndị ị ṅụrụ&quot; (Luk 11:27 - King James Version):
 
But God said to Jonah: &quot;Do you have a right to be angry about the vine?&quot; And he said: &quot;I do. I am elangry enough to die.&quot;
But the Lord said: &quot;You have been concerned about this vine, though you did not tend it or make it grow. It sprang up overnight, and died overnigh. But Nineveh has more than a hundred and twenty thousand people who cannot tell their right hand from their left, and many cattle as well. Should I not be concerned about that great city?&quot;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Ọtụtụ okpukpe Ndị Kraịst na-ewere Jona dị ka onye nsọ. Ụbọchị oriri ya na Chọọchị Roman Katọlik bụ na 21 Septemba, dị ka ''Martyrologium Romanum'' si kwuo. Na Kalenda liturgical nke Ọtọdọks nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, ụbọchị oriri Jona bụ na 22 Septemba (maka ụka ndị na-agbaso kalenda ọdịnala Julian; 22 Septemba ugbu a na-ada n'ọnwa Ọktoba na Kalenda Gregorian nke oge a). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lives of all saints commemorated on September 22|url=https://oca.org/saints/all-lives/2017/09/22|publisher=Orthodox Church in America|date=22 September 2017|accessdate=13 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Chọọchị Ndịozi nke Armenia, a na-eme ememe ndị a na-agagharị agagharị iji cheta Jona dị ka otu onye amụma na dị ka otu n'ime ndị amụma iri na abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Commemoration of the Prophet Jonah|url=http://armenianchurch.ge/en/component/content/article/36-february/80-prophetjonah|publisher=Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Holy Church in Georgia|accessdate=13 March 2018|archivedate=14 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314104527/http://armenianchurch.ge/en/component/content/article/36-february/80-prophetjonah}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Commemoration of the 12 Minor Prophets|url=http://armenianchurch.ge/en/component/content/article/41-july/127-12minorprophets|publisher=Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Holy Church in Georgia|accessdate=13 March 2018|archivedate=14 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314042956/http://armenianchurch.ge/en/component/content/article/41-july/127-12minorprophets}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Commemoration Day of the 12 Minor Prophets. 24 July 2018|url=http://ststepanos.org/calendar/commemoration-day-of-the-12-minor-prophets/2018-07-24/|publisher=Saint Stepanos Armenian Apostolic Church of Elberon in New Jersey|accessdate=13 March 2018|archivedate=14 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314042752/http://ststepanos.org/calendar/commemoration-day-of-the-12-minor-prophets/2018-07-24/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-echeta ozi Jona na Nineveh site na Fast nke Nineveh na Syriac na Eastern Orthodox Churches. &lt;ref name=&quot;SycOrth&quot;/&gt; A na-echeta Jona dị ka onye amụma na Kalenda nke Ndị Nsọ nke Missouri Synod nke Chọọchị Lutheran na 22 Septemba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Commemoration of Jonah, Prophet, 22 September|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Lutheran+Church+Missouri+Synod%22%22The+Commemoration+of+Jonah,+Prophet,+22+September%22|publisher=Concordia and Koinonia|accessdate=13 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe Ndị Kraịst akọwaala Jona dị ka ụdị Jizọs Kraịst.[65] A na-ewere Jona ka nnukwu azụ ahụ riri dị ka ihe na-egosi obe Jizọs  na Jona ka ọ na-apụta n'azụ azụ ahụ mgbe ụbọchị atọ gasịrị ka a na-ahụ ya dị ka ihe yiri Jizọs ka ọ na - si n'ili pụta mgbe ụbọchị atọ gachara. [66] Saint Jerome na-ejikọta Jona na akụkụ nke ịhụ mba n'anya nke Jizọs, ma na-akwado omume Jona site n'ikwu na &quot;Jona na-eme dị ka onye hụrụ mba n'ahụ, ọ bụghị nke ukwuu na ọ kpọrọ ndị Ninevites asị, dịka na ọ chọghị ibibi ndị nke ya&quot;.[67][67]

==== Echiche ndị e dere mgbe Bible gasịrị ====
[[Faịlụ:Jonah.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe oyiyi Ọtọdọks nke Russia nke Jonah, narị afọ nke 16 (Iconostasis nke Ebe obibi ndị mọnk Kizhi, Karelia, Russia) ]]
Ndị ntụgharị Ndị Kraịst ndị ọzọ, gụnyere [[Augustine nke Hippo|Saint Augustine]] na Martin Luther, ejirila ụzọ dị iche,  banyere Jona dị ka ihe atụ nke anyaụfụ na ekworo, nke ha weere dị ka njirimara nke ndị Juu. [68][69] Luther kwubiri na ''kikayon'' (osisi) na-anọchite anya okpukpe ndị Juu,  nakwa na ikpuru nke na-eri ya na-anọchi anya Kraịst. [70][71] Luther jikwa echiche ahụ bụ na e bu n'uche ka Akwụkwọ Jona dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ụzọ nkịtị, na-ekwu na o siri ike ikwere na onye ọ bụla gaara akọwa ya dị ka nke a ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị na Bible.[72] Nkọwa nke Luther na-emegide ndị Juu nke Jona nọgidere na-abụ nkọwa kachasị n'etiti ndị Protestant Germany n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a.[73] J. D. Michaelis na-ekwu na &quot;ihe akụkọ ifo ahụ pụtara na-emetụta gị n'etiti anya&quot;,  ma kwubie na Akwụkwọ Jona bụ arụmụka megide &quot;ịkpọasị na anyaụfụ nke ndị Israel n'ebe mba ndị ọzọ niile dị n'ụwa nọ.  Albert Eichhorn bụ onye nkwado siri ike nke nkọwa Michaelis.[69][74]

John Calvin na John Hooper lere Akwụkwọ Jona anya dị ka ịdọ aka ná ntị nye ndị niile nwere ike ịnwa ịgbapụ n'iwe Chineke.[75] Ọ bụ ezie na Luther kpachapụrụ anya na ọ bụghị Jona dere Akwụkwọ Jona,  Calvin kwupụtara na Akwụkwọ Jona bụ nkwupụta nke Jona. [76] Calvin na-ahụ oge Jona n'ime afọ azụ ahụ dị ka ọkụ nke Hel, nke e bu n'obi idozi Jona ma tinye ya n'ụzọ ezi omume.[77] Ọzọkwa, n'adịghị ka Luther, Calvin na-ahụ mmejọ na ihe odide niile dị n'akụkọ ahụ,  na-akọwa ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ dị ka &quot;obi siri ike na nke nwere obi siri ike, dị ka Cyclops'&quot;,  penitence nke Nineve dị ka &quot;enweghị ọzụzụ&quot;,  na eze Nineveh dị ka &quot;onye ọhụrụ. [76] Hooper, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-ahụ Jona dị ka onye nnupụisi mbụ  na ụgbọ mmiri a tụpụrụ ya dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke steeti ahụ. [78] Hooper na-akwa arịrị ndị dị otú ahụ, na-akatọ: &quot;Ị nwere ike ibi na ọtụtụ Jonasses n'ụzọ dị jụụ? Mba, tụba ha n'oké osimiri!&quot; Na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, a machibidoro ndị prọfesọ Germany ịkụzi na Akwụkwọ Jona bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ karịa akụkọ ihe mere eme.[78][79][72]

=== N'Ime Ndị Alakụba ===
[[Faịlụ:Jonah_and_the_Whale,_Folio_from_a_Jami_al-Tavarikh_(Compendium_of_Chronicles).jpg|thumb|Jona na nnukwu azụ dị na ''Jami' al-tawarikh'' (ihe dị ka 1400), Metropolitan Museum of ArtEbe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Metropolitan]]
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==== kor'an ====
Jona (Arabic: يُونُس, romanized: Yūnus) bụ aha nke isi nke iri nke Quran. A na-ele Yūnus anya dị ka ihe dị oké mkpa na Islam dị ka onye amụma nke kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi nye Chineke ma zie ozi Ya. Jona bụ naanị otu n'ime ndị amụma iri na abụọ nke ndị Juu ka a ga-akpọ aha na Quran. Na Quran 21:87[2] na 68:48, a na-akpọ Jona Dhul-Nūn (Arabic: ذُو ٱلنُّوْن; nke pụtara &quot;Onye nke Azụ&quot;).[82] Na 4:163 na 6:86, a kpọrọ ya “onye ozi nke Allah”[82]. Surah 37:139–148 kwughachiri akụkọ nke Jona:[82]
 
Koran ekwughị banyere nna Jona, mana ọdịnala [[Ndi áláküba|Ndị Alakụba]] na-akụzi na Jona si n'ebo Benjamin nakwa na nna ya bụ Amittai.[82]

==== Hadiths ====
[[Faịlụ:Jonah_and_the_fish_Jeremiah_in_wilderness_Uzeyr_awakened_after_the_destruction_of_Jerusalem.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|377x377px|Jona na-anwa izochi ọtọ ya n'etiti ọhịa; Jeremaịa n'ọzara (n'elu aka ekpe); [[Uzair|Uzeyr]] tetara mgbe e bibichara Jeruselem. ''Zubdat al-Tawarikh'', obere ihe osise Ottoman, 1583.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=Turkish Treasures Culture /Art / Tourism Magazine|year=1978|url=http://kilyos.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Ext/Zubdat.html|author=G’nsel Renda|title=The Miniatures of the Zubdat Al- Tawarikh}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
A kpọtụrụ Jona aha n'ihe omume ole na ole n'oge ndụ Muhammad. Ndị Quraysh zigara onye na-ejere ha ozi, Addas, ka ọ nye ya mkpụrụ vaịn maka ihe oriri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Muhammad jụrụ Addas ebe o si, ohu ahụ zaghachiri Nineveh. &quot;Obodo Jona onye ezi omume, nwa Amittai!&quot; Muhammad tiri mkpu. Addas wụrụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ihi na ọ maara na ndị Arab na-ekpere arụsị amaghị banyere Jona onye amụma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ahụ ọ jụrụ otú Muhammad si mara nwoke a. &quot;Anyị bụ ụmụnne&quot;, Muhammad zara. &quot;Jonah bụ onye amụma nke Chineke na mụ onwe m bụkwa onye amụma nke Allah. &quot; Addas nabatara Islam ozugbo ma susuo aka na ụkwụ Muhammad ọnụ. 

Otu n'ime okwu ndị a na-ekwu na ọ bụ Muhammad, na nchịkọta nke Imam Bukhari, na-ekwu, na Muhammad kwuru &quot;Onye ekwesịghị ikwu na m ka Jona mma&quot;.  [86][87][88] Umayya ibn Abi al-Salt, onye meworo okenye n'oge Muhammad, kụziri na, ọ bụrụ na Jona ekpeghị ekpere nye Allah, ọ gaara anọgide na-arapara n'ime azụ ahụ ruo ụbọchị ikpe, mana, n'ihi ekpere ya, Jona &quot;nọrọ naanị ụbọchị ole na ole n'ime afọ azụ ahụ&quot;.[88][88]

Onye Persian na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke narị afọ nke itoolu bụ Al-Tabari dere na, mgbe Jona nọ n'ime azụ ahụ, &quot;ọ dịghị onye ọkpụkpụ ya ma ọ bụ ndị òtù ya merụrụ ahụ&quot;.[88] Al-Tabari dekwara na Allah mere ka ahụ azụ ahụ pụta ìhè, na-enye Jona ohere ịhụ &quot;ihe ịtụnanya nke omimi&quot; nakwa na Jona nụrụ azụ niile na-abụku Allah otuto.[89] Kisai Marvazi, onye na-ede uri na narị afọ nke iri, dere na nna Jona dị afọ iri asaa mgbe amụrụ Jona  nakwa na ọ nwụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị,  na-ahapụ nne Jona ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị spoon osisi, nke ghọrọ cornucopia.[88][88]

==== Ili ndị a sị na ọ bụ ====
[[Faịlụ:Ruins_of_the_Mosque_of_Yunus.png|thumb|Foto nke mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ụlọ alakụba Yunus, mgbe ISIL bibiri ya]]
Ebe Nineveh dị ugbu a bụ ebe e gwupụtara ọnụ ụzọ ámá ise, akụkụ nke mgbidi n'akụkụ anọ, na nnukwu ugwu abụọ: ugwu Kuyunjik na ugwu Nabi Yunus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com:443/maps?q=%22Al-Nabi+Yunus%22+OR+hill+OR+gate+OR+wall+loc:+Mosul,+Iraq&amp;hl=en&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;sll=37.6,-95.665&amp;sspn=36.011613,56.337891&amp;t=h&amp;hq=%22Al-Nabi+Yunus%22+OR+hill+OR+gate+OR+wall&amp;hnear=Mosul,+N%C4%ABnaw%C4%81,+Iraq&amp;z=13|title=Link to Google map with Nineveh markers at gates, wall sections, hills and mosque|publisher=Goo.gl|date=19 March 2013|accessdate=29 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; A raara ụlọ alakụba dị n'elu Nabi Yunus nye onye amụma Jona ma nwee ebe nsọ, nke ndị Alakụba na Ndị Kraịst na-asọpụrụ dị ka ebe ili Jona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/07/25/ISIS-destroys-tombs-of-two-prophets-in-Mosul.html|title=ISIS destroys 'Jonah's tomb' in Mosul|date=25 July 2014|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|accessdate=28 July 2014|quote=The radical Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) group has destroyed shrines belonging to two prophets, highly revered by both Christians and Muslims, in the northern city of Mosul, al-Sumaria News reported Thursday. &quot;ISIS militants have destroyed the Prophet Younis (Jonah) shrine east of Mosul city after they seized control of the mosque completely,&quot; a security source, who kept his identity anonymous, told the Iraq-based al-Sumaria News.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727203131/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/07/25/ISIS-destroys-tombs-of-two-prophets-in-Mosul.html|archivedate=27 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ili ahụ bụ ebe a ma ama maka njem ala nsọ  na ihe nnọchianya nke ịdị n'otu nye ndị Juu, Ndị Kraịst, na ndị Alakụba gafee Middle East. [92] Na Julaị 24, 2014, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) bibiri ụlọ alakụba nwere ili ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke mkpọsa iji bibie ebe nsọ okpukpe ọ weere dị ka ndị na-efe arụsị.[93][92] Mgbe e weghachitere Mosul n'aka ISIL na Jenụwarị 2017, a chọtara obí eze Asiria oge ochie nke Esarhaddon wuru n'okpuru ụlọ alakụba ahụ mebiri emebi.[92][94] ISIL kwakọọrọ ihe ndị dị n'obí eze iji ree n'ahịa ojii, mana ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị siri ike ibugharị ka nọ n'ebe ahụ.[92][94][94]

Ebe ndị ọzọ a ma ama nke ili Jona gụnyere:

* obodo [[Israel]]_Arabs&quot; id=&quot;mwA2U&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Israeli Arabs&quot;&gt;Ndị Arab nke Mashhad, nke dị na ebe ochie nke Gath-hepher na Israel; [54]
* ụlọ alakụba Nabi Yunis  Palestine nke 5&quot; href=&quot;./Halhul&quot; id=&quot;mwA28&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Halhul&quot;&gt;Halhul, na West Bank, 5 km (3.1 mi) n'ebe ugwu Hebron, e wuru ya n'elu ili Jonah; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Halhoul|url=https://www.travelpalestine.ps/en/article/50/Halhoul|accessdate=8 January 2023|work=www.travelpalestine.ps|archivedate=8 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108160107/https://www.travelpalestine.ps/en/article/50/Halhoul}}&lt;/ref&gt;[95]
* ebe nsọ dị nso n'obodo Sarafand (Sarepta) na [[Lebanon|Lebanọn]]; [97]
* ugwu a na-akpọ Giv'at Yonah ugbu a, &quot;Ugwu Jonah&quot;, n'akụkụ ugwu nke obodo Israel nke Ashdod, n'ebe ụlọ ọkụ nke oge a kpuchiri.
* &quot;ili Jona&quot; n'obodo Diyarbakir, Turkey, nke dị n'azụ mihrab na Fatih Pasha Mosque - Evliya Çelebi kwuru na Seyahatname ya na ọ gara ili Jonah na George onye amụma n'obodo ahụ.[5]

== Nkọwa ndị ọkà mmụta ==
Akụkọ banyere nwoke dị ndụ mgbe whale ma ọ bụ nnukwu azụ riri ya na katalọgụ nke ụdị [[Ndepụta Aarne-Thompson-Uther|Akụkọ ọdịnala]] dị ka [[Ndepụta Aarne-Thompson-Uther|ATU]] 1889G.[102]

=== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ===
[[Faịlụ:Jonah_and_the_sea_monster,_from_Wilpert,_1903,_page_47_sharpened.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Jona na anụ ọhịa oké osimiri, site na ihe osise Ndị Kraịst na catacombs ndị Rom na ngwụcha narị afọ nke abụọ A.D. Site n'aka nri gaa n'aka ekpe: Johah na-awụpụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, ebe anụ ọhịa oké mmiri ahụ na-echere; Johah na'ụsọ osimiri mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ nke anụ ọhịa ahụ. Anụ mmiri nke Ndị Kraịst Rom dọtara yiri hippocampus. ]]
Ọtụtụ Ndị ọkà mmụta Bible kwenyere na ihe dị n'Akwụkwọ Jona bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme.[4][103][104] Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ekwu na Jona onye amụma biri na narị afọ nke asatọ BCE, [1] e dere Akwụkwọ Jona ọtụtụ narị afọ ka e mesịrị n'oge Alaeze Ukwu Achaemenid.[105] Asụsụ Hibru e ji mee ihe n'Akwụkwọ Jona na-egosi mmetụta siri ike sitere na Aramaic [1] na omenala ndị akọwapụtara na ya kwekọrọ na nke ndị Achaemenid Persia.[27] Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ewere Akwụkwọ Jona dị ka ọrụ a kpachaara anya mee nke parody ma ọ bụ satire.         [7][8][106][107][108][109] Ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ eziokwu, mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-abụ na ndị amamihe nabatara ya n'ime akwụkwọ nsọ nke Bible Hibru bụ ndị na-aghọtaghị ọdịdị ya na-atọ ọchị    ma kọwaa ya n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi dị ka ọrụ amụma siri ike.    [110][108][109][109]

Jona n'onwe ya nwere ike ịbụ onye amụma akụkọ ihe mere eme;  a kpọtụrụ ya aha n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi n'Akwụkwọ nke Abụọ nke Ndị Eze:  [111][112][4]&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;N'okwu e kwuru na 1978 ma bipụta ya na 1979, onye Assyriologist Donald Wiseman gbachitere ezi uche dị na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke akụkọ ahụ, na-akwado &quot;ọdịnala na ọtụtụ ihe dị na akụkọ ahụ gosipụtara ihe ọmụma dị nso na nke ziri ezi banyere Asiria nke nwere ike isi na ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka narị afọ nke asatọ BC&quot;, na-ekwu na &quot;akụkọ Jona ekwesịghị iwere dị ka akụkọ ma ọ bụ ilu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiseman&quot;&gt;&quot;Archaeology and the Book of Jonah&quot;, delivered in January, 1978, published as {{Cite journal|author=Donald Wiseman|title=Jonah's Nineveh|journal=Tyndale Bulletin|year=1979|volume=30|pages=29–52|url=http://www.tyndalehouse.com/TynBul/Library/TynBull_1979_30_02_Wiseman_JonahsNineveh.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe ndị na-emegide onwe ha ===
[[Faịlụ:Nineveh_Adad_gate_exterior_entrance_far2.JPG|thumb|Nweghachi nke oge a nke ọnụ ụzọ Adad na Nineveh na foto e sere tupu mbibi zuru oke nke ISIL na Eprel 2016.[115] Akwụkwọ Jona na-ekwubiga okwu ókè banyere ibu Nineve karịa ihe ọ bụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.[1][27]]]
Echiche Jona gosipụtara n'Akwụkwọ Jona bụ echiche nke ndị otu ndị Juu nwere n'oge e dere ya.  [8][116][107] Isi ebumnuche nke satire nwere ike ịbụ otu akụkụ nke Morton Smith na-akpọ &quot;Separationists&quot;,  ndị kwenyere na Chineke ga-ebibi ndị na-enupụ isi ya,  na a ga-ekpochapụ obodo ndị mmehie,  nakwa na ebere Chineke agbasaghị ndị na-abụghị Ọgbụgba ndụ Abraham.[117][107] McKenzie na Graham na-ekwu na &quot;Jonah bụ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ onye 'orthodox' nke ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe Israel - iji mee ihe gbasara nkà mmụta okpukpe. &quot;  Okwu Jonah n'ime akwụkwọ ahụ bụ agha ha,   mana aha ya pụtara &quot;ikuku&quot;,  nnụnụ nke ndị Izrel oge ochie jikọtara ya na udo.[107][118][107]

Ịjụ iwu Chineke jụrụ bụ ihe na-emegide nrubeisi nke ndị amụma akọwapụtara n'ihe odide Agba Ochie ndị ọzọ.[119] Ncheegharị nke eze Nineveh na-akọwa ndị ọchịchị n'ihe odide ndị ọzọ nke Agba Ochie ndị na-eleghara ịdọ aka ná ntị amụma anya, dị ka Ehab na Zedekaya.[109] Ịdị njikere ife Chineke nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na ndị Nineve gosipụtara dị iche na enweghị mmasị Jona n'onwe ya,  dị ka ịhụnanya Jona nwere maka ''kikayon'' na-enye ya onyinyo karịa ndị niile nọ na Nineve. [120][120]

Akwụkwọ Jona na-ejikwa ihe ndị na-enweghị isi; [1] ọ na-emebiga ókè ókè ókè n'obosara obodo Nineve ruo n'ókè a na-apụghị ikwere ekwere [1]  ma na-ezo aka n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi na onye nchịkwa obodo ahụ dị ka &quot;eze&quot;.[27] Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta si kwuo, ọ dịghị mmadụ nwere ike ịdị ndụ ruo ụbọchị atọ n'ime azụ, [1] na nkọwa nke anụ ụlọ na Nineveh na-ebu ọnụ n'akụkụ ndị nwe ha bụ &quot;ihe nzuzu&quot;. [27]A na-emegide ụfọdụ n'ime isi ihe ndị a na nkuzi Donald Wiseman a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiseman&quot;/&gt;

Ihe ngosi nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke nnukwu azụ ma ọ bụ whale riri ghọrọ ihe odide satirical ndị e mechara dee.[121] A na-akọ akụkọ yiri nke a na Lucian nke Samosata's A True Story, nke e dere na narị afọ nke abụọ CE,  na akwụkwọ akụkọ Baron Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvellous Travels and Campaigns in Russia, nke Rudolf Erich Raspe bipụtara na 1785. [122][123]

== Azụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Germany_Worms_Cathedral_Jonah.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise nke Jona na &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot; n'ọnụ ụzọ dị n'ebe ndịda nke oge Gothic Dom St. Peter, na Worms, Germany]]
Ọ bụ ezie na nkà na omenala na-egosipụtakarị azụ̀ Jona dị ka whale, ihe odide Hibru, dị ka akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ nile, [ntụgharị uche] na-ezo aka na ọ dịghị ụdị mmiri ọ bụla, nanị na-ekwu &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot;. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta Akwụkwọ Nsọ na-atụ aro nha na àgwà nke nnukwu shark na-acha ọcha kwekọrọ n'ihe atụ nke ahụmahụ Jona, ọ na-abụkarị mmadụ toruworo ogo mmadụ nke ukwuu nke na a ga-eloda ya kpam kpam. Mmepe nke whaling malite na narị afọ nke 18 gaa n'ihu mere ka o doo anya na ọtụtụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ha nile, ụdị whale enweghị ike ilo mmadụ, na-eduga n'ọtụtụ arụmụka banyere eziokwu nke akụkọ Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke Jona.[1].

Na Jona 2:1 (1:17 na nsụgharị Bekee), ederede Hibru na-agụ ''dag gadol''&lt;ref name=&quot;blb&quot;/&gt; (דג גדול) ma ọ bụ, na ederede Masoretic nke Hibru, ''dāḡ gāḏōl'' (דָּיג גָּד֔וֹל), nke pụtara &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;blb&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://biblehub.com/interlinear/jonah/1-17.htm|title=Interlinear Bible: Greek, Hebrew, Transliterated, English ...|publisher=Bible Hub|accessdate=24 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Septuagint sụgharịrị ahịrịokwu a n'asụsụ Grik dị ka kētei megalōi (κήτει), nke pụtara &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Robertson1960&quot;/&gt; N'Akụkọ ifo ndị Gris, a na-eji otu okwu ahụ pụtara &quot;azụ̀&quot; (''kêtos'') akọwa anụ ọhịa oké osimiri nke dike Perseus gburu nke fọrọ nke nta ka o rie Princess Andromeda.[128] Jerome mechara sụgharịa ahịrịokwu a dị ka ''piscis grandis'' na Latin Vulgate ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ sụgharịrị ''koilia ketus'' dị ka ''afọ ceti'' na Matiu 12:40:  ikpe nke abụọ a na-apụta naanị n'amaokwu a nke Agba Ọhụrụ.  [131]&lt;ref name=&quot;Parris2015&quot;/&gt;

N'oge ụfọdụ, ''cetus'' ghọrọ ihe jikọrọ ya na &quot;whale&quot; (a na-akpọ ọmụmụ banyere whales ugbu a cetology). Na nsụgharị ya nke 1534, William Tyndale sụgharịrị ahịrịokwu ahụ dị na Jona 2:1 dị ka &quot;nnukwu fyshe&quot; na okwu ''ketos'' (Grik) ma ọ bụ ''cetus'' (Latin) na Matiu 12:40 dị ka &quot;whale&quot;. E mechara tinye nsụgharị Tyndale na Authorized Version nke 1611. Kemgbe ahụ, a na-akọwakarị &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot; na Jonah 2 dị ka whale. N'asụsụ Bekee, ụfọdụ nsụgharị na-eji okwu &quot;whale&quot; maka Matiu 12:40, ebe ndị ọzọ na-eji &quot;ihe e kere eke nke oké osimiri&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;nnukwu azụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huber2013&quot;/&gt;

=== Nkọwa sayensị ===
[[Faịlụ:Whale_shark_Georgia_aquarium.jpg|thumb|Foto nke whale shark, ụdị azụ kachasị ukwuu a maara &lt;ref name=&quot;Wood1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Gerald L.|author=Wood|title=The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats|url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=AWhFAQAAIAAJ}}|year=1976|publisher=Guinness Superlatives|isbn=978-0-900424-60-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Faịlụ:0b4a8510_by_vitaly_sokol-dbw14sol.jpg|thumb|Foto nke sperm whale, anụ na-eri ibe ya kachasị ukwuu na otu n'ime ụdị whale kachasị ukwuu dị ugbu a]]
Na narị afọ nke iri na asaa na nke iri na asatọ, ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ndị e kere eke, na-akọwa akụkọ Jona dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme, na-echegbu onwe ha ịnwa ịmata kpọmkwem ụdị azụ ndị riri Jona.[136] N'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, Edward Bouverie Pusey, prọfesọ nke Hibru na Mahadum Oxford, kwuru na Jona n'onwe ya ga-abụrịrị na o dere Akwụkwọ Jona ma kwuo na akụkọ azụ ahụ ga-abụ eziokwu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ gaghị etinye ya na Bible.[137] Pusey gbalịrị iji sayensị depụta azụ ahụ, na-enwe olileanya &quot;ime ihere ndị na-ekwu maka ọrụ ebube nke nchekwa Jona na azụ ahụ dị ka ihe na-adịchaghị mma karịa ọrụ ebube ọ bụla ọzọ nke Chineke&quot;.[138][139]

Arụmụka banyere azụ dị n'Akwụkwọ Jona keere òkè dị mkpa n'oge Clarence Darrow na-enyocha William Jennings Bryan na ikpe Scopes na 1925. &lt;ref name=&quot;Smolla1997&quot;/&gt; [72] Darrow jụrụ Bryan &quot;Mgbe ị gụrụ na ... whale riri Jonah ... olee otu ị ga-esi kọwaa nke ahụ n'ụzọ nkịtị?&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Smolla1997&quot; /&gt; Bryan zaghachiri na o kwenyere na &quot;Chineke nke nwere ike ime whale ma nwee ike ime mmadụ ma mee ka ha abụọ mee ihe Ọ masịrị ya&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lidz2016&quot; /&gt; Bryan kwetara na ọ dị mkpa ịkọwa Bible, &lt;ref name=&quot;Smolla1997&quot; /&gt; a na-ewere ya n'ozuzu dị ka ọ pụtara dị ka &quot;buffoon&quot;.[72]

Nnukwu n'ime whale niile - blue whales - bụ baleen whales nke na-eri plankton; na &quot;a na-ekwukarị na ụdị a ga-egbu egbu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ gbalịrị ilo herring. &quot;  Nnukwu n&quot;ime azụ niile - whale shark - nwere nnukwu ọnụ, mana akpịrị ya dị naanị sentimita anọ n'obosara, na ogwe aka dị nkọ ma ọ bụ gbagọọ n'azụ oghere ahụ, nke mere na ọbụnadị aka mmadụ agaghị enwe ike ịgafe ya. Ya mere, Jona enweghị ike ịbụ onye whale shark riri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gudger1940&quot;/&gt;

Sperm whales, Otú ọ dị, yiri ka ọ bụ ihe dị iche: Ha na-eri nnukwu squid mgbe niile, yabụ na mmadụ nwere ike ilo mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dị ka ehi, sperm whales nwere afọ anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ụlọ nke mbụ enweghị mmiri afọ mana o nwere mgbidi iji kpochapụ nri ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Reidenberg|first=Joy|date=19 November 2014|title=What would happen if you were swallowed by a whale?|work=[[The Naked Scientists]]|url=https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/science-features/what-would-happen-if-you-were-swallowed-whale|accessdate=May 7, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Chris|date=27 June 2010|title=Could a human survive swallowing by a whale?|work=[[The Naked Scientists]]|url=https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/questions/could-human-survive-swallowing-whale|accessdate=7 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ gaghị ekwe omume iku ume n'ime afọ sperm whale n'ihi na ikuku adịghị (ma eleghị anya methane kama).  Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke 2023 nke Daniel Kraus na-enyocha echiche nke nwoke na-adị ndụ nke sperm whale riri, mana o nwere tankị oxygen.

== Mmetụta ọdịbendị ==
[[Faịlụ:Jonah_in_the_whale_detail_Verdun_altar.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise Jona na champlevé enamel (1181) nke Nicholas nke Verdun sere n'ebe ịchụàjà Verduner na Klosterneuburg Abbey, Austria]]
N'asụsụ Turkish, &quot;Jonah's fish&quot; (''yunus balığı'') bụ okwu a na-eji eme ihe maka dolphin.&lt;ref name=&quot;TuretBayram1996&quot;/&gt; Okwu a na-ekwukarị n'etiti ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-eji okwu ahụ bụ &quot;Jona&quot; eme ihe iji pụta onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri / onye njem nke ọnụnọ ya n'ụgbọ ahụ na-eweta ọdachi ma na-etinye ụgbọ mmiri ahụ n'ihe ize ndụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|work=The New York Times|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/03/06/102957718.pdf|title=Afflicted with a Jonah; The Sea Captain's Fear of Parsons' Sons|date=6 March 1885}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka oge na-aga, a gbatịkwuru nkọwa a maka &quot;onye na-ebu jinx, onye ga-eweta ọdachi na ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/Jonah|title=Jonah|work=Collins English Dictionary|accessdate=6 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627051337/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/jonah|archivedate=27 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbanyeghị mkpirikpi ya, e meela ka Akwụkwọ Jona dị ọtụtụ ugboro n'akwụkwọ na n'omenala a ma ama.[151][152] Na Herman Melville's ''Moby-Dick'' (1851), Nna Mapple na-ekwu okwuchukwu na Akwụkwọ Jonah. Mapple jụrụ ihe mere Jonah anaghị egosi ịkwa ụta maka inupụ Chineke isi mgbe ọ nọ n'ime azụ ahụ. Ọ kwubiri na Jonah ghọtara nke ọma na &quot; ntaramahụhụ ọjọọ ya bụ ihe ziri ezi. &quot;  The Adventures of Pinocchio nke Carlo Collodi (1883) gosipụtara onye isi na nna ya Geppetto ka &quot;Terrible Dogfish&quot; riri, na-ezo aka n'akụkọ Jonah.[154] Ihe nkiri Walt Disney mere na 1940 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-ejigide ihe a.[155] Akụkọ Jonah ka e mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri animated nke Phil Vischer na Mike Nawrocki Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie (2002). N'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, Jonah (nke Archibald Asparagus gosipụtara) bụ onye nnukwu whale riri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie (2002)|first=Mark|author=Deming|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/jonah-a-veggietales-movie-v266876|publisher=[[AllMovie]]|accessdate=9 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110120034/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/jonah-a-veggietales-movie-v266876|archivedate=10 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njikọ ndị a tụrụ aro na akụkọ ifo ==
[[Faịlụ:Chapiteau_Mozac_Jonas_1.JPG|thumb|Jona ka nnukwu anụ ọhịa nwere ezé riri. Isi obodo a tụrụ atụ nke ogidi site na nave nke ụlọ ụka ndị mọnk na Mozac, France, narị afọ nke iri na abụọ.]]
Joseph Campbell na-atụ aro na akụkọ Jonah yiri ihe nkiri sitere na Epic of Gilgamesh, ebe Gilgamesh nwetara osisi site na ala oké osimiri.[157] N'ime Akwụkwọ Jona, ikpuru (n'asụsụ Hibru ''Tola'ath'', &quot;maggot&quot;) na-ata mgbọrọgwụ osisi ahụ na-enye ndò na-eme ka ọ kpọnwụọ;  ebe na Epic nke Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh na-eke nkume n'ụkwụ ya ma na-ewepụta osisi ya n'ala oké osimiri.  [157][158] Ozugbo ọ laghachiri n'ikpere mmiri, agwọ riri osisi ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị ọhụrụ.[157][159]

=== Jason (akụkọ ifo ndị Gris) ===
Campbell kwukwara ọtụtụ myirịta dị n'etiti akụkọ Jonah na nke Jason na akụkọ ifo ndị Gris.[157] Nsụgharị Grik nke aha ''J''o'''' bụ Jonah, nke dị iche na ''Jason'' naanị n'usoro ụda - ha abụọ bụ omegas na-atụ aro na enwere ike ịgbagwoju Jason anya na Jonah.[157] Gildas Hamel, na-adabere n'Akwụkwọ Jona na isi mmalite ndị Gris - gụnyere Arịa ndị Gris na akụkọ Apollonius nke Rhodes, Gaius Valerius Flaccus na Orphic Argonautica - na-akọwa ọtụtụ ihe jikọrọ ọnụ, gụnyere aha ndị dike, ọnụnọ nke nduru, echiche nke &quot;ịgba ọsọ&quot; dị ka ifufe ma na-akpata oké ifufe, àgwà nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, ọnụnwụ nke anụ mmiri ma ọ bụ dragọn na-eyi egwu ma ọ bụ na-elo ya, na-eji &quot;gourd&quot; (ụdị na-eri ya, na okwu ahụ). Hamel na-ewere echiche na ọ bụ onye edemede Hibru meghachiri ma gbanwee akụkọ ifo a iji kwupụta ozi nke ya dị nnọọ iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamel2015&quot;/&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Aquanaut, onye na-anọ n'okpuru mmiri ruo ogologo oge
* Akụkọ Bible na nke kor'an
* Jona n'elu ụlọ ekpere Sistine
* Akụkọ ifo na kor'an
* Ndị amụma nke Islam
* Qisas Al-Anbiya

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250414031032/https://www.bible.gallery/art/jan-the-elder-brueghel/jonah-leaving-the-whale/145/passage Jona na-ahapụ whale]
* [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1701.htm Akwụkwọ Jona (Hibru na Bekee)]
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jonah+1-4&amp;version=NIV Akwụkwọ Jona (NIV)]
*  
* ihe oyiyi Ọtọdọks Jona na synaxarion
* [http://www.christianiconography.info/jonah.html Jona onye Amụma] na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Christian Iconography

== Ihe edeturu ==
 

== Edensibia ==
 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

*  
* {{Cite book|chapter=[[s:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture/LXVI. The Prophet Jonas.|The Prophet Jonas.]]|title=A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture|year=1910|publisher=B. Herder|author=Friedrich Justus Knecht}}
* Lasine, Stuart 2020. Jona na Ọnọdụ Mmadụ: Ndụ na Ọnwụ na Ụwa Yahweh.New York: Bloomsbury/T &amp; T Clark.</text>
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'''Letty Chiwara''' (amụrụ n'onwa Febụwarị 1967) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/qO3mGNrHZDOZLB8YhhaaSsqUea0/appointments|title=Letty Chiwara|work=Gov.uk|accessdate=30 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye ọrụ United Nations nke si Zimbabwe. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị UN na Malawi,  African Union Commission, na UN Economic Commission for Africa, ọkwá ọ malitere n'onwa Mee 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africa.unwomen.org/en/where-we-are/eastern-and-southern-africa/malawi/malawi-representative|title=UN Women Representative in Malawi|work=UN Women|accessdate=30 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=3 Leadership Journeys ONE Story|url=http://letty.3leadershipjourneysonestory.com/|accessdate=2024-03-29|work=letty.3leadershipjourneysonestory.com|archivedate=2024-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329133455/http://letty.3leadershipjourneysonestory.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị UN na [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]]. Ọ bụ UNIFEM na UN Women Chief of Africa ruo afọ iri na abụọ, nke dị na New York City, United States. Chiwara duziri mmekọrịta UN Women na ọtụtụ òtù, gụnyere European Commission, World Bank, OECD DAG Gender Net, FEMNET, YWCA, African Union Commission, UNECA, na African Development Bank.&lt;ref name=&quot;atlas&quot;/&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Letty Chiwara nwere ụmụnne asatọ tolitere n'otu obodo na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na Zimbabwe, ebe ụmụ agbọghọ na-enwetakarị obere ohere agụmakwụkwọ na mmeso ịkpapụ ha n'akụkụ.  Otú ọ dị, nne na nna ya jụrụ ụkpụrụ ndị a ma ziga ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;atlas&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Chiwara rụrụ ọrụ n'obodo ya bụ Zimbabwe dị ka onye ọrụ nhazi obodo na Matabeleland South na Harare  afọ anọ. Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ná nke ya, ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ iji nweta nzere masta na Urban Development Planning na Mahadum London. Ọmụmụ nwoke na nwanyị n'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ kpaliri ya idozi esemokwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;atlas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-01-07|title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara|url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara|accessdate=2024-03-28|work=ATLAS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ iji mezuo ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya, Chiwara gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọrụ gọọmentị ya. Mgbe ọnwa asatọ gasịrị, e were ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na UNIFEM na Harare. Ọrụ mbụ a gụnyere iwebata ụmụ nwanyị si na Southern African Development Community na ngosi azụmahịa. Ugbu a, ọ nwere ọkwa ndu na UN Women in Ethiopia, ebe ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na African Union Commission na UN Economic Commission for Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://malawi.un.org/en/about/our-team|title=Our Team in Malawi|work=malawi.un.org|accessdate=2025-06-30|archivedate=2026-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426045344/https://malawi.un.org/en/about/our-team}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.policycenter.ma/sites/default/files/BIOGRAPHIES-APSACO-2021-final.pdf|title=Women, Peace and Security in Africa|work=policycenter.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ duziri Afrika Unite Campaign megide ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ma na-eduga ugbu a na mgbalị iji mepụta atụmatụ lekwasịrị anya na ịkwụsị omume na-emerụ ahụ na alụmdi na nwunye ụmụaka n'Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;atlas&quot;/&gt;

== Edensibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Grace Boadu</title>
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{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Grace Boadu&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Born
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Ejisu|Ejisu Abankro]], Ghana&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Died
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;dday deathdate&quot;&gt;2024-01-29&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;29 January 2024&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;deathplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;Tantra Hills&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nationality
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Ghanaian
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Alma&amp;nbsp;mater
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Occupation
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |Herbalist
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''Medical career'''
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Field
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Herbal medicine
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Institutions
| class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; |Grace Gift Herbal Hospital and Laboratory Services
|- style=&quot;display:none&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|}
'''Grace Boadu Kumanin''' (nwuru n' abali iri abụọ na itolu  n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2024) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ ahịhịa Ghana, onye nchoputa na onye isi ụlọ ọgwụ Grace Gift Herbal Hospital na Laboratory Services.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ayisah|first=Foster|date=20 December 2020|title=Pay much attention to herbal medicine--Ministry of Health told|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1050862/pay-much-attention-to-herbal-medicine-ministry.html|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=Modern Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nti|first=Kwaku|date=9 August 2021|title='Include approved Herbal Medicines in NHIS' - Gracegift Clinic CEO to Govt|url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2021/08/09/include-approved-herbal-medicines-in-nhis-gracegift-clinic-ceo-to-govt/|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=Angel Online|language=en-US|archivedate=30 November 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130071319/https://angelonline.com.gh/2021/08/09/include-approved-herbal-medicines-in-nhis-gracegift-clinic-ceo-to-govt/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 November 2023|title=Dr. Grace Boadu commiserates with Prez. Kufour as state mourns former First Lady|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Dr-Grace-Boadu-commiserates-with-Prez-Kufour-as-state-mourns-former-First-Lady-1882697|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Angel|date=29 January 2024|title=Founder of Grace Gift Hospital dies|url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2024/01/29/founder-of-grace-gift-hospital-dies/|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=Angel Online|language=en-US|archivedate=26 February 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226051453/https://angelonline.com.gh/2024/01/29/founder-of-grace-gift-hospital-dies/}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ bụ onye otu World Diplomatic Federation yana onye nnọchi anya Herbal Health Evangelion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=16 January 2021|title=World Diplomatic Federation inducts members - MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/world-diplomatic-federation-inducts-members/|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Peace FM|title=World Diplomatic Federation Inducts Members!|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/202101/436571.php|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archivedate=31 January 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131220617/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/202101/436571.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Boadu toro site na Ejisu Abankro na mpaghara Ashanti nke Ghana. Ọ gara Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nọọsụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ankah Nyavi|first=Getrude|date=31 January 2024|title=How herbal doctor Grace Boadu was found dead|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/how-herbal-doctor-grace-boadu-was-found-dead.html|accessdate=31 January 2024|work=Graphic Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara St. Gilbert Nursing College dị na Kumasi na mpaghara Ashanti nke Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Okyere|first=Gertrude|date=30 January 2024|title=Popular herbal doctor passes on|url=https://www.adomonline.com/popular-herbal-doctor-passes-on/|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na Mahadum City dị na Cambodia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=25 November 2019|title=Grace Boadu Gets Doctorate Award|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/grace-boadu-gets-doctorate-award/|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Boadu malitere ọrụ ya dị ka nọọsụ tupu ọ ghọọ onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ ahịhịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Owusu-Mensah|first=Jeffrey|date=30 January 2024|title=She wasn't sick: Cause of Dr Grace Boadu's death pops up in video &amp; it's painful|url=https://yen.com.gh/people/250496-dr-grace-boadu-death-grace-gift-herbal-hospital-ceo-emerges-s-painful-video/|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=25 November 2019|title=Trained Nurse Turned Herbalist|url=https://www.thepublisheronline.com/trained-nurse-turned-herbalist/|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=The Publisher Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ County dị na Kumasi; Ụlọ ọgwụ Mary Lucy dị na Accra; Kropo Charity Hospital, na Ebenezer Maternity Home na Kumasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ebere ==
Na Nọvemba afọ 2023, o nyere GHC10,000 maka nrụzigharị ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi Komfo Anokye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 November 2023|title=Dr Grace Boadu donates GHC10,000 towards the 'Heal Komfo Anokye' project|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Dr-Grace-Boadu-donates-GHC10-000-towards-the-Heal-Komfo-Anokye-project-1882691|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Boadu nwere nwanne nna a na-akpọ Akwasi Addae .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ọ lughi di ma o nweghi nwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Owusu-Mensah|first=Jeffrey|date=31 January 2024|title=&quot;She had no child&quot;: Uncle of Dr Grace Boadu speaks as family grieves in video|url=https://yen.com.gh/people/250578-dr-grace-boadu-family-speaks-age-details-husband-children-grace-gift-ceo-drop-video/|accessdate=31 January 2024|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwekwara nwanne nwoke aha ya bụ Emmanuel Boadu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Family Of Grace Boadu Addresses Rumours Surrounding Her Sudden Death|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/202402/498783.php|accessdate=2024-02-05|work=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archivedate=2024-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205020513/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/202402/498783.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọnwụ na olili ===
Boadu nwụrụ na 29 ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2024 ka e boro ebubo na ọ dabara n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ ma tie isi ya n'ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 January 2024|title=Popular Kumasi herbal doctor dead|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1289353/popular-kumasi-herbal-doctor-dead.html|accessdate=31 January 2024|work=Modern Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwụrụ n'ụlọ ya na Tantra Hills na Accra .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 January 2024|title=Grace Herbal Clinic Doctor, Grace Boadu Confirmed Dead|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/grace-herbal-clinic-doctor-grace-boadu-confirmed-dead/|accessdate=31 January 2024|work=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 January 2024|title=Ajagurajah explains the spiritual reasons why Dr. Grace Boadu 'died in the bathroom'|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ajagurajah-explains-the-spiritual-reasons-why-Dr-Grace-Boadu-died-in-the-bathroom-1914180|accessdate=31 January 2024|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; E liri ya na 9 Maachị afọ 2024 na Ejisu Abankro na mpaghara Ashanti nke Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-10|title=Watch: Dr Grace Boadu's mother in uncontrollable tears as her daughter is laid in state|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Watch-Dr-Grace-Boadu-s-mother-in-uncontrollable-tears-as-her-daughter-is-laid-in-state-1920805|accessdate=2024-03-12|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abedu-Kennedy|first=Dorcas|date=2024-03-11|title=Dr. Grace Boadu's mother in uncontrollable tears at daughter's funeral|url=https://www.adomonline.com/dr-grace-boadus-mother-in-uncontrollable-tears-at-daughters-funeral/|accessdate=2024-03-12|work=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu ==
Na ọnwa Maachị 2023, e nyere ụlọọgwụ ya ugwu na 'Kachasị Mma Herbal Center of the Year' n'oge 6th West African Traditional and Alternative Medical Awards nke emere na  Accra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=21 March 2023|title=Grace Gift Herbal Picks Top Award|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/grace-gift-herbal-picks-top-award/|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2023, Keche sọpụrụ Boadu ka onye otu otu egwu nwetachara ọgwụgwọ site na ụlọ ọrụ ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Osei-Bonsu|first=Evans|date=13 December 2023|title=Keche pays glowing tribute to Dr. Grace Boadu after successful medial treatment|url=https://purefmonline.com/2023/12/13/keche-pays-glowing-tribute-to-dr-grace-boadu-after-successful-medial-treatment/|accessdate=30 January 2024|work=Purefmonline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iritana Tāwhiwhirangi</title>
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      <text bytes="6027" sha1="1yt7j65xz4j07uzvmsmdqpe5fskk08u" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Iritana Tawhiwhirangi DNZM (cropped).jpg|thumb|'''Iritana Tawhiwhirangi na Eprel 2010''']]
 

'''Dame Iritana Te Rangi Tāwhiwhirangi''' DNZM MBE (amụrụ Irirangi Thatcher; 21 Maachị 1929 - 1 Febrụwarị 2025) bụ onye New Zealand na-akwado mmụta asụsụ Māori na mmegharị reo kọhanga. 

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ ya na Hicks Bay na 21 Machị 1929, &lt;ref name=&quot;Whos who&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa 2001|journal=New Zealand Who's Who, Aotearoa|year=2001|issn=1172-9813}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/in-print/kokiri/kokiri-12-2008/iritana-tawhiwhirangi-honoured-by-creative-|title=Kōkiri and Kōkiritia|work=Tpk.govt.nz|accessdate=2017-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tāwhiwhirangi bụ nke Ngāti Porou, Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāpuhi, ndị Canada na ndị England.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/education/3646255/New-Maori-dame-helped-thousands-learn-te-reo|title=New Maori dame helped thousands learn te reo|work=Stuff.co.nz|date=2010-05-01|accessdate=2017-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Hukarere Girls' School site na 1943 ruo 1946, na Wellington Teachers' College site na 1947 ruo 1948. &lt;ref name=&quot;Whos who&quot; /&gt;Mgbe ọ nọ na Wellington, Tāwhiwhirangi zutere ma lụọ Porourangi Tāwhiwhorang, onye rangatira nke Ngāti Porou na 1949 .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22541938|title=Tāwhiwhirangi, Iritana Te Rangi (Dame), 1929–|work=National Library of New Zealand|accessdate=2 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Woman kind: New Zealand women making a difference|publisher=Penguin Books|date=2019|location=Auckland, New Zealand|isbn=978-0-14-377272-9|first=Margie|author=Thomson|pages=66–69}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ha abụọ laghachiri n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ ma Tāwhiwhirangi malitere ịkụzi na Waiōmatatini School. Di ya nwụrụ n'afo 1969. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE59863294|title=Tawhiwhirangi Porourangi – Tikitiki – sheep farmer|work=Archives New Zealand|accessdate=2 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1980, Tāwhiwhirangi hapụrụ nkuzi, kama ọ laghachiri Wellington ịrụ ọrụ n'ime Ngalaba nke Mmekọrịta Māori.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Mgbe ọ gachara atụmatụ mba na Waiwhetu Marae na 1980, o tinyere mgbalị ya iji mee ka Te Reo Māori dịghachi ndụ. Iji mee nke a, ọ gara gburugburu New Zealand, na-eleta marae na-akwado ụdị agụmakwụkwọ ọhụrụ, nke Maori na-eduzi iji nyere aka weghachite asụsụ ahụ. Mgbalị ndị a dugara n'ịmepụta te Kōhanga reo, ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị lekwasịrị anya na imikpu kpamkpam maka ụmụaka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara, nke ndị okenye Maori kụziiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Te Kōhanga Reo {{!}} NZ History|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/women-together/te-kohanga-reo|work=nzhistory.govt.nz|accessdate=2026-01-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwado Tāwhirangi n'ofe mba ahụ dị irè nke ukwuu, n'ihi na na 1982, e nwere 100, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nọgidere na-eto ruo 800 na 1994, ọ bụ ezie na ka ọ na-erule afọ 2026 nke a alaghachila na 460.Tāwhiwhirangi bụ onye otu ndụ nke Māori Welfare League na Toitū Kaupapa Māori Mātauranga – Māori Education Trust.  Ọ jere ozi na Board of Trustees nke Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Te Kōhanga Reo Early Childhood Centres Aotearoa|url=https://www.myece.org.nz/te-kohanga-reo/|work=My ECE|date=2022-12-01|accessdate=2026-01-30|language=en-NZ|first=My|author=ECE}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1&amp;Itemid=155|title=Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust|work=Kohanga.ac.nz|date=2017-03-15|accessdate=2017-03-21|archivedate=14 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514011140/http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1&amp;Itemid=155}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tāwhiwhirangi nwụrụ na 1 Febụwarị 2025, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na ise. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2 February 2025|title=Māori educator Dame Iritana Te Rangi Tāwhiwhirangi dies aged 95|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/540653/maori-educator-dame-iritana-te-rangi-tawhiwhirangi-dies-aged-95|accessdate=2 February 2025|work=[[RNZ News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ na ihe nri ==
E nyere Tāwhiwhirangi Ihe nrite ncheta nke New Zealand 1990,&lt;ref name=&quot;Whos who&quot; /&gt; na 1992 New Year Honours, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ [[Order of the British Empire|Onye otu Order of the British Empire]], iji kwado ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi njikwa nke Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust.  N'afọ 1993, ọ natara ihe nrite New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whos who&quot; /&gt;

Na 2001 New Year Honours, a họpụtara Tāwhiwhirangi dị ka Onye ibe nke New Zealand Order of Merit maka ọrụ maka agụmakwụkwọ Māori, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dpmc.govt.nz/publications/new-year-honours-list-2001|title=New Year honours list 2001|date=30 December 2000|publisher=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet|accessdate=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 2009 Queen's Birthday Honours a kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ Dame Companion, kwa maka ọrụ maka mmụta Māori. 

Tāwhiwhirangi bụ onye ikpeazụ maka 2014 New Zealander of the Year Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Laird|first=Lindy|title=Kaitaia health champion wins again|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/northern-advocate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503450&amp;objectid=11211479|accessdate=28 February 2014|work=[[The Northern Advocate]]|date=28 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{Cite web|url=http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/|title=Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust|year=2010|accessdate=2010-10-10|archivedate=2013-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323022816/http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.maorieducation.org.nz/|title=Toitū Kaupapa Māori Mātauranga – Māori Education Trust|accessdate=2010-10-10}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kanayo Awani</title>
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      <text bytes="15586" sha1="mik0eskvqgh6liy4qwrzsn0eognwxd7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Kanayo Awani
| office              = Executive Vice President, Intra-African Trade Bank, [[African Export–Import Bank]] (Afreximbank)
| education           = {{ubl|[[University of Nigeria]] (B.Sc.)|[[Harvard Kennedy School]] (MPA)}}
| occupation          = [[Banker]]
| citizenship         = [[Nigeria]]
| term_start          = 1 July 2022
| appointer           = Afreximbank Board
}}

'''Kanayo Awani''' is a Nigerian banking executive who currently serves as the Executive Vice President of the Intra-African Trade Bank, African Export-Import Bank.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-01-22|title=ECOWAS Investment Forum - ECOWAS Investment Forum|url=https://bidc-ebid.org/eif/en/ecowas-investment-forum/|accessdate=2025-03-25|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-20|title=Afreximbank Board Appoints Kanayo Awani Executive Vice President, Intra-African Trade Bank|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/afreximbank-board-appoints-kanayo-awani-executive-vice-president-intra-african-trade-bank/|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=African Export-Import Bank|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Times|first=Optimum|date=2022-06-21|title=Afreximbank Board Appoints Kanayo Awani Executive Vice President, Intra-African Trade Bank|url=https://optimumtimes.com/afreximbank-board-appoints-kanayo-awani-executive-vice-president-intra-african-trade-bank/?utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=afreximbank-board-appoints-kanayo-awani-executive-vice-president-intra-african-trade-bank|accessdate=2025-04-08|work=Optimum Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Olisah|first=Chike|date=2022-06-21|title=Afreximbank board appoints Kanayo Awani as new Executive Vice President|url=https://nairametrics.com/2022/06/21/afreximbank-board-appoints-kanayo-awani-as-new-executive-vice-president/|accessdate=2025-04-08|work=Nairametrics|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Awani n'ọkwa ọchịchị ya na Afreximbank nyere aka n'ịkwalite azụmaahịa na mmepụta ihe n'ime Afrịka, ọ rụọla ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado atụmatụ dịka Mpaghara Azụmaahịa Na-enweghị Atụ nke Afrịka (AfCFTA).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Israel|first=Roman|title=PRESS RELEASE: &quot;Executive Vice President Mrs. Kanayo Awani Named “Woman Leader” at AFIS Awards 2022&quot;|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/press-release-quot-executive-vice-president-mrs-kanayo-awani-named-woman-leader-at-afis-awards-2022-quot20221129871954|accessdate=2025-04-08|work=Frontier Africa Reports|language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Awani has contributed to expanding the bank’s asset base and facilitating substantial trade financing across the Africa continent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-06-19|title=Regulatory Sandboxes in Africa|url=https://empowerafrica.com/kanayo-awani/|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=Empower Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-23|title=Pan-African trade finance bank appoints first woman vice president|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/business/leadership/pan-african-trade-finance-bank-first-woman-vice-president-3857604|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=Nation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=AriseNews|date=2025-03-21|title=ARISE News Honours 65 Exceptional Women Making Impact For International Women's Month|url=https://www.arise.tv/arise-news-honours-65-exceptional-women-making-impact-for-international-womens-month/|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=Arise News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omuma agụmakwụkwọ ==
Awani nwetara nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na Mahadum Naịjirịa. Ọ gụkwara akwụkwọ nzere Master nke nchịkwa ọha na eze na Harvard Kennedy School of Government, ebe e nyekwara ya onyinye Edward S. Mason Fellowship na amụma ọha na njikwa. O nwetala asambodo nduzi site na asambodo sitere na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, gụnyere asambodo mmemme mgbanwe ndị isi site na INSEAD na 2014, na asambodo mmemme nduzi atụmatụ Oxford site na Said Business School na 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kanayo Awani {{!}} Mining Indaba|url=https://miningindaba.com/speaker-list/kanayo-awani#:~:text=Kanayo%20Awani%20is%20the%20Executive,and%20Export%20Development%20at%20Afreximbank|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=miningindaba.com|language=en-GB|archivedate=2025-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213102807/https://miningindaba.com/speaker-list/kanayo-awani#:~:text=Kanayo%20Awani%20is%20the%20Executive,and%20Export%20Development%20at%20Afreximbank}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Afreximbank appoints Kanayo Awani as MD for Intra-African Trade|url=https://www.financialnigeria.com/afreximbank-appoints-kanayo-awani-as-md-for-intra-african-trade-sustainable-photovideo-details-444.html|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=Financial Nigeria International Limited|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Obodo ===
Awani malitere ọrụ ya na Citigroup dị na Naịjirịa n'afọ 1990, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọkwa dịka Ọrụ na Ọrụ Azụmaahịa, Ego Ụlọọrụ, na Ụlọọrụ Banyere Ego Ụlọọrụ. O mechara ruo n'ọkwa osote onyeisi oche na onye ndu nke Ngalaba Ụlọọrụ Mmepụta Ihe na Azụmaahịa, guzobe mmekọrịta azụmaahịa dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche ma na-edu ụlọ ọrụ obodo n'ọtụtụ ngalaba dị iche iche..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-20|title=Afreximbank Board appoints Kanayo Awani Executive Vice President, Intra-African Trade Bank|url=https://theeconomyng.com/afreximbank-board-appoints-kanayo-awani-executive-vice-president-intra-african-trade-bank/|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=TheEconomy|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kanayo Awani, Executive VP, Afreximbank|url=https://arda.africa/speaker/kanayo-awani-executive-vp-afreximbank/|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=Accueil {{!}} ARDA AFRICA|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Afreximbank ===
N'afọ 2009, Awani gafere na Afreximbank, dị ka onye enyemaka onye nduzi na azụmaahịa na alaka; ngalaba nke mesịrị ghọọ otu n'ime ngalaba kachasị baa uru na ụlọ akụ ahụ. Enyemaka ya bụ isi n'ịduzi atụmatụ ụlọ akụ ahụ na azụmaahịa na mmepụta ihe n'ime Afrịka. N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2016, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Intra-African Trade Bank na African Export-Import Bank.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ayemoba|first=Marketing Report {{!}} Andrea|title=Afreximbank appoints Nigeria's Kanayo Awani MD for Intra-African Trade|url=https://africabusinesscommunities.com/news/afreximbank-appoints-nigerias-kanayo-awani-md-for-intra-african-trade.html|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=MAfrica Business Communities}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-06|title=Intra-Africa Trade in the Age of COVID-19|url=https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/events/intra-africa-trade-age-covid-19-38868|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=African Development Bank Group|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-19|title=Afreximbank encourages factoring to ease access to financing for SMEs|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/afreximbank-encourages-factoring-to-ease-access-to-financing-for-smes/|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=4 April 2019|title=International Quality Infrastructure Forum|url=https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2019-04/Programme_QI%20Forum_2019.pdf|accessdate=8 April 2025|work=united Nations Industrial Development Organisation}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa, nkwado ụlọ akụ ahụ maka mkparịta ụka [[Afrịka Continent Free Trade Area|AfCFTA]] kwụsịrị na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta ahụ na Kigali site na mba 44 na Machị 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kanayo AWANI|url=https://www.theafricaceoforum.com/forum-2024/en/intervenant/kanayo-awani/|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=Africa CEO Forum 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ lekọtara uto na azụmaahịa azụmaahịa n'ime Afrịka site na ihe dịka 3% na 2016 ruo 28% na ngwụcha 2021, ka ọ na-eme ka US $ 20 ijeri na azụmaịa na itinye ego. Ọ bụkwa onye ọsụ ụzọ na mmemme Intra-African Trade Champions, nke enyerela ụlọ ọrụ ndị isi Afrịka aka ịgbasa ọrụ ha gafee ókèala ma kwalite ngwaahịa &quot;E mepụtara na Afrịka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Afreximbank's Kanayo Awani at the forefront of AfCFTA|url=https://www.investafrica.com/insights-and-news/afreximbanks-kanayo-awani-at-the-forefront-of-afcfta|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=Invest Africa|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=West|first=Stuart|date=2023-06-19|title=Leaving a better Africa than the one we found|url=https://african.business/2023/06/dossier/leaving-a-better-africa-than-the-one-we-found|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=African Business|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ike dị n'azụ okike na igbu nke Intra-African Trade Fair, na ihe omume na Cairo (2018) na Durban (2021) nke jikọtara ọnụ mepụta azụmahịa ruru 42 nke ijeri dollar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Africa|first=B. I.|date=2023-12-20|title=Afreximbank's EVP Kanayo Awani on IATF's role in driving African economic integration|url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/markets/afreximbanks-evp-kanayo-awani-on-iatfs-role-in-driving-african-economic-integration/536rhje|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=Business Insider Africa|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2021-11-22|title='$36bn deals recorded at Intra-Africa trade fair' - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/36bn-deals-recorded-at-intra-africa-trade-fair/|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-20|title=Afreximbank Board Appoints Kanayo Awani Executive Vice President, Intra-African Trade Bank|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/afreximbank-board-appoints-kanayo-awani-executive-vice-president-intra-african-trade-bank/|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=African Export-Import Bank|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Economic Report on Africa 2025 {{!}} Africa Renewal|url=https://africarenewal.un.org/en/documents/economic-report-africa-2025-advancing-implementation-agreement-establishing-african|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=africarenewal.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Onye isi oche ====
Na 20 June 2022, Afreximbank Board họpụtara Awani ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke Intra-African Trade Bank na Afreximbank.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2022-06-20|title=Afreximbank Board Appoints Kanayo Awani Executive Vice President, Intra-African Trade Bank|url=https://www.kapitalafrik.com/2022/06/20/afreximbank-board-appoints-kanayo-awani-executive-vice-president-intra-african-trade-bank/|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=Kapital Afrik|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O guzobere ogige mmepụta ihe, Mpaghara Nhazi Mbupụ, nkwekọrịta nke ụkpụrụ maka ọgwụ na ọgwụgwọ n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, mmepe nke African Collaborative Transit Guarantee Scheme iji mee ka azụmahịa gafee ókèala dị mfe, na mmalite nke Creative Africa Nexus, ụlọ ọrụ nwere $ 1 ijeri iji kwado ngalaba dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-11-10|title=Pan-African Financial Institution Afreximbank Poised To Launch $1B African Film Fund|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/pan-african-financial-institution-afreximbank-142045132.html?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAABzBf8C29CuOLyd85koFeanNawMWCaM-DLqKKJNGNJa4d1x-52nriQsTHYTbgzu_Y6dHZTbvOe8R-vHbNvcvHDhD36O_dzZtK-Arw4_eXwt3PJ0p3oaa5j7jT-URgYakkT-DOe9Pxc7aVwJELA6jpwT2DFq73MyonoBqwHbvkhlR|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=Yahoo Entertainment|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kanayo Awani|url=https://theafricadebate.com/biographies/kanayo-awani|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=The Africa Debate|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2023, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi kọmitii nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ụwa.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2023-11-13|title=Afreximbank's Executive Vice President, Mrs. Kanayo Awani, elected to FCI Executive Committee (EXCOM)|url=https://afreximbank.africa-newsroom.com/press/afreximbanks-executive-vice-president-mrs-kanayo-awani-elected-to-fci-executive-committee-excom?lang=en|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=afreximbank.africa-newsroom.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Egypt|first=Daily News|date=2023-11-13|title=Afreximbank's Kanayo Awani joins FCI Executive Committee as affiliate member representative|url=https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2023/11/13/afreximbanks-kanayo-awani-joins-fci-executive-committee-as-affiliate-member-representative/|accessdate=2025-03-25|work=Dailynewsegypt|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
Onyinye Awani enwetala nkwado ya n'ofe ngalaba ego na mmepe. MIPAD sọpụrụ ya dị ka onye 100 kachasị nwee mmetụta nke ndị Afrịka na 2020, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Let's meet Kanayo Awani|url=https://blog.mipad.org/lets-meet-kanayo-awani/|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=blog.mipad.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma bụrụ onye a ma ama n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria 100 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-04-29|title=Afreximbank's Kanayo Awani makes Nigeria Women Annual's &quot;100 Leading Women&quot; list|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/afreximbanks-kanayo-awani-makes-nigeria-women-annuals-100-leading-women-list/|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=African Export-Import Bank|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=2022-04-29|title=Afreximbank's Kanayo Awani among Nigeria's '100 Leading Women'|url=https://gazettengr.com/afreximbanks-kanayo-awani-among-nigerias-100-leading-women/|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=Peoples Gazette Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2023, edepụtara ya n'etiti TOP 50 Forbes Africa Women.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rédaction|first=La|date=2023-03-06|title=Forbes Afrique I Classement I TOP 50 Forbes Afrique Women 2023 : les 13 nominées venues du Nigéria|url=https://forbesafrique.com/top-50-forbes-afrique-women-les-nominees-venues-du-nigeria/|accessdate=2025-04-08|work=Forbes Afrique|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye ==

* Nzukọ Ụlọ Ọrụ Ego nke Africa; Onyinye Onye Ndú Nwanyị (2022) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-11-28|title=Executive Vice President Mrs. Kanayo Awani Named &quot;Woman Leader&quot; at AFIS Awards 2022|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/executive-vice-president-mrs-kanayo-awani-named-woman-leader-at-afis-awards-2022/|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=African Export-Import Bank|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AFIS Awards 2022|url=https://www.afis.africa/en/annual-summit/awards-2022/|accessdate=2025-04-08|work=Afis|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite Africa Economy Builders Forum (2023) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-05-08|title=Afreximbank Executive Vice President Kanayo Awani honoured at Africa Economy Builders Awards Forum|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/afreximbank-executive-vice-president-kanayo-awani-honoured-at-africa-economy-builders-awards-forum/|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=African Export-Import Bank|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* African Diaspora Advisory Board Global Woman Award .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Development|url=https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/development/page/87/?q=afreximbanks-kanayo-awani-receives-african-diaspora-advisory-board-global-award&amp;pr=295981&amp;lang=en|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=African Leadership Magazine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-14|title=Afreximbank's Kanayo Awani receives African Diaspora Advisory Board Global Award|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/afreximbanks-kanayo-awani-receives-african-diaspora-advisory-board-global-award/|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=African Export-Import Bank|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
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[[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]]
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    <title>Jane Addams</title>
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      <text bytes="50366" sha1="q1us8bx9jk5ce6975nbxvmcb6ms1rsz" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Portrait114.gif|thumb|Foto nke Jane Addams, site na eserese icheku ọkụ na 1892 nke Alice Kellogg Tyler. Ebe e si nweta ya: Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), p. 114]]
'''[[W:ig:Laura Jane Addams|Laura Jane Addams]]''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jane Addams|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/addams/biographical/|work=The Nobel Prize|publisher=The Norwegian Nobel Institute|accessdate=September 10, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; (September 6, 1860 - May 21, 1935) bụ onye America na-eme ngagharị iwe, onye na-eme mgbanwe, onye ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Chambers|first=Clarke A.|date=March 1986|title=Women in the Creation of the Profession of Social Work|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_social-service-review_1986-03_60_1/page/1|journal=[[Social Service Review]]|volume=60|issue=1|pages=1–33|doi=10.1086/644347}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Franklin|first=Donna L.|date=June 1986|title=Mary Richmond and Jane Addams: From Moral Certainty to Rational Inquiry in Social Work Practice|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_social-service-review_1986-12_60_4/page/504|journal=[[Social Service Review]]|volume=60|issue=4|pages=504–525|doi=10.1086/644396}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na mmadụ,  onye nchịkwa ọha na eze,   onye ọkà ihe ọmụma,   na onye edemede. Ọ bụ onye ndu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ikike ụmụ nwanyị.  N'afọ 1889, Addams guzobere Hull House, otu n'ime ụlọ ndị a ma ama na America, na [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]], na-enye ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze dị ukwuu maka ndị ogbenye, ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ndị si mba ọzọ. N'ihe gbasara nkà ihe ọmụma, ọ bụ &quot;onye na-eme ihe n'ụzọ siri ike&quot;, a na-ekwu na ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ na-ahụ maka ọkà ihe ọmụma ọha na eze na United States. N'oge Progressive Era, mgbe ọbụna ndị isi ala dị ka Theodore Roosevelt na Woodrow Wilson gosipụtara onwe ha dị ka ndị na-eme mgbanwe ma nwee ike ile ha anya dị ka ndị ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, Addams bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta mgbanwe a ma ama.  

Onye na-akwado Udo ụwa, ma bụrụ onye a ma ama dị ka onye guzobere ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na United States, na 1931 Addams ghọrọ nwanyị America mbụ e nyere onyinye Nobel Peace Prize; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Stuart|first=Paul H.|title=Encyclopedia of Social Work|chapter=Social Work Profession: History|publisher=Oxford University Press and the National Association of Social Workers Press|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.623|year=2013|isbn=978-0-19-997583-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya na Nicholas Murray Butler kerịtara mmeri ahụ.  Na mbido, e nyere Addams nzere Master of Arts na [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]] na 1910, na-aghọ nwanyị mbụ natara nzere nsọpụrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://yalealumnimagazine.org/articles/4881-women-of-honor|title=Women of honor|work=yalealumnimagazine.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1920, ọ bụ onye guzobere American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Celebrating Women's History Month: The Fight for Women's Rights and the American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU|work=American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia|url=http://acluva.org/11229/celebrating-womens-history-month-the-fight-for-womens-rights-and-the-aclu/|publisher=ACLU Virginia|date=March 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams nyeere America aka idozi ma lekwasị anya n'okwu ndị na-echegbu ndị nne, yana ọrụ ụlọ e kenyere ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka mkpa ụmụaka, ahụike ọha na eze, na udo ụwa. N'ime edemede ya &quot;Utilization of Women in City Government&quot;, Addams kwuru njikọ dị n'etiti ọrụ gọọmentị na ezinụlọ, na-ekwu na ọtụtụ ngalaba gọọmentị, dị ka ịdị ọcha na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka, nwere ike ịlaghachi azụ na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị ọdịnala na mpaghara onwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jane Addams on Women in Government|url=https://sageamericanhistory.net/progressive/docs/Addams.htm|accessdate=2023-11-03|work=sageamericanhistory.net.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1935, Addams bụ nwanyị a ma ama na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the City|author=Caves|first=R. W.|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|pages=8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams.jpg|thumb|Jane Addams dị ka nwa agbọghọ, onyinyo studio na-enweghị ụbọchị site na Cox, Chicago]]
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams_Birthplace.gif|thumb|Birthplace of Jane Addams in Cedarville, Illinois. ''Source'' Addams: ''Twenty Years at Hull House'' (1910), in the public domain.]]
A amụrụ ya na Cedarville, Illinois, &lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kathryn Cullen-DuPont|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC&amp;pg=PA374|year=2000|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-4100-8|pages=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jane Addams bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ asatọ a mụrụ n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya n'ebe ugwu Illinois nke sitere na ndị England na America nke laghachiri na Pennsylvania.  N'afọ 1863, mgbe Addams dị afọ abụọ, nne ya, Sarah Addams (née Weber), nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị ime nwa ya nke itoolu. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ụmụnne ya nwanyị tọrọ ya lekọtara Addams. Ka ọ na-erule mgbe Addams dị afọ asatọ, anọ n'ime ụmụnne ya anwụọla: atọ n'oge ọ bụ nwa ọhụrụ na otu mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii.  &lt;ref name=&quot;linn&quot;&gt; Linn, James Weber. ''Jane Addams: A Biography'', ([https://books.google.com/books?id=SXM_zMK3u4YC&amp;dq=%22John+H.+Addams%22+Pennsylvania&amp;pg=PA4 Google Books]), University of Illinois Press: 2000, p. 4, ({{ISBN|0252069048}}). Retrieved August 20, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Linn|first=James Weber|title=Jane Addams:Biography|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2000|origyear=1935|location=Urbana|isbn=0-252-06904-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy|url=https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam00knig|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2005|location=Chicago|pages=[https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam00knig/page/n48 32]–33}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na-egwuri egwu n'èzí, na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ime ụlọ, ma na-aga Ụlọ akwụkwọ Sọnde. Mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, ọ butere ụkwara nta nke ọkpụkpụ azụ, nke a maara dị ka Ọrịa Potts, nke kpatara nkwonkwo azụ ya na nsogbu ahụike ogologo oge. Nke a mere ka o sie ike dị ka nwatakịrị iso ụmụaka ndị ọzọ rụọ ọrụ, na-atụle na ọ nwere nkwarụ ma ghara ịgba ọsọ nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jane Addams and Hull-House|url=http://www.teachspace.org/personal/research/addams/index.html|publisher=DeVry University|year=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka nwatakịrị, o chere na ọ dị njọ ma mesịa cheta na ọ chọghị ime ihere nna ya, mgbe o yi uwe ya kachasị mma na Sọnde, site n'iso ya na-aga n'okporo ámá.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=36–37}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jane Addams hụrụ nna ya n'anya, John H. Addams, mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ka ọ na-akọ na ncheta ya, Afọ iri abụọ na Hull House (1910). [1] Ọ bụ onye guzobere Illinois Republican Party, jere ozi dị ka onye Senator Illinois State (1855–1870), ma kwado enyi ya Abraham Lincoln na mkpọsa ya maka Congress (1854) na Onye isi ala (1860). O debere akwụkwọ ozi sitere na Lincoln na tebụl ya, na Addams nwere mmasị ile ya anya mgbe ọ bụ nwata. [2] Nna ya bụ onye ọchụnta ego bara ọgaranya nwere nnukwu ubi, ehi na ugbo; otu ntụ ọka na igwe osisi; na igwe igwe owu. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke abụọ National Bank of Freeport, Illinois. Ọ lụrụ ọzọ na 1868 mgbe Addams dị afọ asatọ. Nwunye ya nke abụọ bụ Anna Hostler Haldeman, nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Freeport. [1]

N'oge ọ bụ nwata, Addams nwere nnukwu nrọ ime ihe bara uru n'ụwa. Dị ka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ukwuu, ọ malitere inwe mmasị na ndị ogbenye site na ọgụgụ ya nke Charles Dickens. N'ịbụ onye ọrụ ya na obiọma nne ya nwere n'ebe ndị ogbenye nọ na Cedarville nọ kpaliri, Addams kpebiri ịghọ dọkịta ka o wee nwee ike ibi ma rụọ ọrụ n'etiti ndị ogbenye.

Nna Addams gbara ya ume ka ọ gaa agụmakwụkwọ ka elu mana ọ dị nso n'ụlọ. Ọ chọsiri ike ịga kọleji ọhụrụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, Smith College na Massachusetts, mana nna ya chọrọ ka ọ gaa Rockford Female Seminary (nke bụzi Mahadum Rockford), na Rockford, Illinois.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt;

Ahụmahụ ya na Rockford na-egosi ya n'iji teknụzụ US eme ihe. Ɔ Film na gburugburu ụmụaka anọ. Ọ deziri akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, bụ onye ikpeazụ ọkà okwu, isiokwu na onye ndú nke klas nke 1881. Addams akwụkwọ na ndị ọzọ na-etinye aka na post-secondary agụmakwụkwọ ga-enwe ọhụrụ ike na ihe ịma aka. O were nke a na ndị na-enye achịcha (1880), okwu o kwuru mgbe ọ bụ nwata.[1] O kwuru na &quot;mgbanwe ahụ mere ... na ike nke ụmụaka gosipụtara.&quot; [2] Na usoro nke imetụta isi ha na ọrụ ha, ihe ọhụrụ na-eme.[3] &quot;Ọ bụghị ịbụ ma ọ bụ ịdị ka ụmụ nwoke&quot; mana ha kwuru &quot;otu ike iche echiche na ime onwe ya.&quot; Nwanyị ya na mgba na-enweta &quot;nkwado ọhụrụ na nhọrọ ya, LED na ngwaọrụ ya na-aga n'ihu.&quot; [2] [4]

Mgbe ọ nọ na Rockford, ọgụgụ ya nke Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, [[Leo Tolstoy]] na ndị ọzọ ghọrọ mmetụta dị mkpa. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Rockford na 1881,  na asambodo kọleji na onye otu na Phi Beta Kappa, ọ ka na-atụ anya ịga Smith iji nweta B.A. N'oge okpomọkụ ahụ, nna ya nwụrụ na mberede site na ọrịa appendicitis na mberede.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt; Nwatakịrị ọ bụla ketara ihe dịka $ 50,000 (nke ya na $ 1.67  na 2016).

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ahụ, Addams, nwanne ya nwanyị Alice, di Alice Harry, na nne nne ha, Anna Haldeman Addams, kwagara Philadelphia ka ndị ntorobịa atọ ahụ wee nwee ike ịchụso agụmakwụkwọ ahụike. Harry enwetala ọzụzụ na nkà mmụta ọgwụ ma gaa n'ihu na Mahadum Pennsylvania. Jane na Alice gụsịrị afọ mbụ ha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike na Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania,&lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt; mana nsogbu ahụike Jane, ịwa ahụ n'ọkpụkpụ azụ &lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt;na nkụchi akwara gbochiri ya ịmecha akara ugo mmụta ahụ. Obi gbawara ya maka ọdịda ya. Nne nne ya Anna na-arịa ọrịa, ya mere ezinụlọ ahụ dum kagburu atụmatụ ha ịnọ afọ abụọ wee laghachi Cedarville.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|year=2005|pages=[https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam0000knig/page/77 77–79, 109, 119–120]|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-44699-9|url=https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam0000knig/page/77}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwanne di ya Harry mere ịwa ahụ n'azụ ya, iji dozie ya. Mgbe ahụ, ọ dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ ghara ịga akwụkwọ kama, kama ọ ga-eme njem. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1883, ya na nne nne ya malitere njem afọ abụọ na Europe, na-eme njem ụfọdụ oge na ndị enyi na ndị ezinụlọ sonyeere ha. Addams kpebiri na ọ gaghị abụ dọkịta iji nwee ike inyere ndị ogbenye aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=124–25, 130–31, 138–39}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ na June 1887, ya na nne nne ya biri na Cedarville ma soro ya nọrọ n'oge oyi na Baltimore. Addams, ka jupụtara na oké ọchịchọ, dara n'ịda mbà n'obi, na-ejighị n'aka ọdịnihu ya ma na-eche na ọ baghị uru na-eduzi ndụ nkịtị a na-atụ anya na nwa agbọghọ bara ọgaranya. O degaara enyi ya si Rockford Seminary, Ellen Gates Starr, akwụkwọ ozi ogologo, karịsịa banyere Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na akwụkwọ mana mgbe ụfọdụ banyere obi nkoropụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=139–142}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nwa nwanne ya nwoke bụ James Weber Linn (1876-1939) onye kụziri Bekee na Mahadum Chicago ma jee ozi na Illinois General Assembly. Linn dekwara akwụkwọ na akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ. 

Ka ọ dịgodị, Addams nwetara mkpali site n'ihe ọ gụrụ. Ndị Kraịst oge mbụ na akwụkwọ Tolstoy bụ My Religion masịrị ya, e mere ya baptizim dị ka Onye Kraịst na Cedarville Presbyterian Church n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1886.  N'ịgụ akwụkwọ Giuseppe Mazzini's Duties of Man, echiche nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị ka ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya malitere ịkpali ya. Ma ọ nwere mgbagwoju anya banyere ọrụ ya dị ka nwanyị. Akwụkwọ John Stuart Mill's The Subjection of Women mere ka ọ jụọ nrụgide ọha na eze na nwanyị ịlụ di ma nyefee ndụ ya n'ezinụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=142–145, 147–48}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1887, Addams gụrụ na magazin banyere echiche ọhụrụ nke ịmalite ụlọ obibi. O kpebiri ileta nke mbụ n'ụwa, Toynbee Hall, na [[London]]. Ya na ọtụtụ ndị enyi, gụnyere Ellen Gates Starr, gara Europe site na Disemba 1887 ruo n'oge ọkọchị nke 1888. Mgbe ọ kiriri ọgụ ehi na Madrid, ihe ọ hụrụ dị ka omenala pụrụ iche masịrị ya, Addams katọrọ mmasị a na enweghị ike iwe ya maka ahụhụ nke ịnyịnya na ehi. Na mbụ, Addams agwaghị onye ọ bụla banyere nrọ ya ịmalite ụlọ obibi, mana, ọ na-enwe obi amamikpe maka ịghara ime ihe na nrọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=152–55, 157}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ikwere na ịkekọrịta nrọ ya nwere ike inyere ya aka ime ya, ọ gwara Ellen Gates Starr. Starr hụrụ echiche ahụ n'anya ma kweta isonyere Addams n'ịmalite ụlọ obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=162–65}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams na enyi ọzọ gara London na-enweghị Starr, onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=166, 175–76}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ileta Toynbee Hall, Addams nwere obi ụtọ. Ọ kọwara ya dị ka &quot;otu obodo nke ụmụ nwoke Mahadum bi n'ebe ahụ, nwere klọb ntụrụndụ ha na ọha mmadụ niile n'etiti ndị ogbenye, ma, n'otu ụdị ahụ ha ga-ebi n'etiti ha. Ọ bụ n'efu nke 'ị na-eme ihe ọma,' n'ụzọ na-enweghị mmetụta ma na-arụpụta ezigbo nsonaazụ na klas ya na ọbá akwụkwọ ya yiri ka ọ dị mma. &quot;Ọraụ Addams nke klas ndị na-agwakọta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ha, dịka ha nwere na ndị Kraịst mbụ yiri ka ọ bụ n'ụdị ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ obibi dị ka Addams chọpụtara bụ oghere ebe enwere ike ịme njikọ ọdịbendị a na-atụghị anya ya na ebe enwere ike ịgbasa ókèala dị warara nke ọdịbendị, klas, na agụmakwụkwọ. Ha ji okpukpu abụọ dị ka ebe nka obodo na ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ha tọrọ ntọala maka ọha mmadụ America, oghere na-anọpụ iche ebe obodo dị iche iche na echiche dị iche iche nwere ike ịmụta ihe n'aka ibe ha ma chọọ otu ihe maka ọrụ ọnụ. Ọrụ ụlọ obibi ahụ bụ &quot;mgbalị na-adịghị agwụ agwụ iji mee ka ọdịbendị na 'okwu nke ihe' gbakọọ ọnụ. &quot; Mgbalị na'adịghị agwụ ike bụ akụkọ ndụ ya, ọgụ iji mee ka omenala nke ya dị ike site na ijikọ ya na ọdịiche na esemokwu nke obodo ndị mbịarambịa n'obodo America na mkpa nke mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bilton|first=Chris|title=Jane Addams Pragmatism and Cultural Policy|journal=International Journal of Cultural Policy|date=2006|volume=12|issue=2|pages=135–150&lt;!--|access-date=2014-04-16--&gt;|doi=10.1080/10286630600813644}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Hull_House_Entrance.gif|thumb|Ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke Hull House. Isi iyi Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), p.128]]
[[Faịlụ:Doorway_at_Hull_House.gif|thumb|Ọnụ ụzọ n'ụlọ ikpe Hull. ''Ebe e si nweta ya'' bụ Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), p.149]]
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams_in_a_car_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Jane Addams, 1915]]
N'afọ 1889  Addams na enyi ya na kọleji na onye ọ hụrụ n'anya Ellen Gates Starr &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Morrow|first=Deana F.|title=Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression in Social Work Practice: Working with Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender People|url=https://archive.org/details/sexualorientatio00phdd|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2005|location=New York|isbn=0-231-12728-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; jikọrọ aka guzobe Hull House, ụlọ obibi na Chicago. Charles Hull wuru nnukwu ụlọ ahụ mebiri emebi na 1856 ma chọọ nrụzi na mmelite. Addams na mbụ kwụrụ ụgwọ maka mmefu ego niile (ịrụzi elu ụlọ ahụ, imezigharị ọnụ ụlọ, ịzụta oche) na ọtụtụ n'ime ụgwọ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, onyinye sitere n'aka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu kwadoro ụlọ ahụ malite n'afọ mbụ ya ma Addams nwere ike belata oke onyinye ya, ọ bụ ezie na mmefu ego kwa afọ toro ngwa ngwa. Ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị bara ọgaranya ghọrọ ndị na-enye onyinye ogologo oge na ụlọ ahụ, gụnyere Helen Culver, onye na-elekọta ala nwa nwanne nne ya Charles Hull, onye mechara kwe ka ndị na-inye onyinye jiri ụlọ ahụ mee ihe n'efu. Ndị ọzọ nyere aka bụ Louise DeKoven Bowen, Mary Rozet Smith, [[Mary Wilmarth]], na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Victoria Bissell|title=Jane Addams|work=American National Biography online|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=February 2000|url=http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00004.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=195–96, 219, 224–25, 335, 378}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams na Starr bụ mmadụ abụọ mbụ bi na akụrụngwa ahụ, nke ga-emecha nwee ihe dị ka anụmanụ 25. N'ime ụbọchị ya, [1] ihe dị ka mmadụ 2,000 na-eleta Hull House kwa izu. Ụlọ Hull bụ ebe izu ike, ịdị ọcha, itinye uche na ọgwụgwọ, yana ebe obibi na maka imemma obodo. Otu n'ime ndị kacha nwee mmetụta na Hull House bụ onye nwere foto, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ndụ ọtụtụ ndị bi na ya.[2] Ndị bi na Hull House kere ebe obibi ezinụlọ, ụgbọ nwa, ike, ụkwara nta, typhoid, mkpofu ahịhịa, cocaine, na ọrụ. Ndị bi na Hull House bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma bụ ndị na-akwado ntọala ha na ndị ọrụ ọrụ, National Consumers League, na nhọpụta ntuli aka.[2] Dr. Harriett Alleyne Rice sonyeere Hull House iji nye ndị ogbenye ọrụ.[3] Ihe owuwu ya gụnyere ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ndị okenye, ụfọdụ maka ndị agadi, ụlọ nzukọ obodo, ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, ụlọ mgbatị ahụ, ụfọdụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ọbá akwụkwọ, ọbá akwụkwọ, ụlọ ihe nkiri, na ụlọ ihe nkiri. Usoro ide akwụkwọ ozi bụ ihe mmalite nke usoro na-aga n'ihu nke ọtụtụ mahadum na-enye taa. Na mgbakwunye na ịnye ohere mmekọrịta ọha na eze na omenala maka ọtụtụ ndị kwabatara bi na campus, Hull House nyere nhọrọ maka ndị ọrụ na-eto eto iji nweta ikike ha. N'ikpeazụ, Hull House nwere ụlọ obibi iri na atọ, ụlọ ihe nkiri, na ebe obibi okpomọkụ (nke a maara dị ka Bowen Country Club).

Otu akwụkwọ nke Hull House nke dị ezigbo mkpa nye Jane Addams bụ Art Program. Ihe omume nka na Hull House nyere Addams ọhọpụta ikike ike ihe aka, nke &quot;mmere&quot; onye ahụ maka ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ a kapịrị ọnụ. Ọ ụlọ ka ụlọ ahụ nye eze, oge na ngwaọrụ iji gbaa ndị mmadụ ume iche echiche n'onwe ha. Ọ nka dị ka isi ihe iji ụdị obodo dị iche nke ahụ site na dị n'otu, onye onwe onye, ​​Flash na echiche. Ihe osise bụ ndị dị mkpa nke kaadị ya obodo, na-emebi echiche ndị a na-ejighị n'aka ma na- ndu na-ahụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ nwere ike na-adabere na ya, dabere na idepụta site na na-adịghị.[1]

Site na ego sitere n'aka Edward Butler, Addams mepere ebe ngosi nka na oghere studio dị ka otu n'ime mgbakwunye mbụ na Hull House. Ala mbụ nke mgbakwunye ọhụrụ ahụ nwere ngalaba nke Chicago Public Library, ụlọ nke abụọ nwere ụlọ Butler Art Gallery, bụ nke gosipụtara nchịkọta ọrụ nkà a ma ama yana ọrụ ndị na-ese ihe n'ógbè ahụ. Oghere ihe nkiri dị n'ime ụlọ ngosi ahụ nyere ma ndị bi na Hull House na ndị obodo ebe ha ga-amụ ihe nka ma ọ bụ ịbata ma nụchaa ọrụ ha mgbe ọ bụla ha chọrọ. Ka Hull House tolitere, na mmekọrịta ya na ndị agbata obi ya na-abawanye, ohere ahụ ghọrọ obere ihe nkasi obi maka ndị ogbenye na ụzọ isi gosipụta na ịgbanwe omenala na obodo dị iche iche. Nkà na omenala na-aghọ akụkụ buru ibu na nke dị mkpa nke ndụ ndị kwabatara na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ụmụaka abanyela n'omume ahụ. Enyere ụmụaka ndị a nkuzi n'ụdị na ọkwa nka niile. Ebe dị ka Butler Art Gallery ma ọ bụ Bowen Country Club na-enwekarị klaasị ndị a, mana a na-akụzikarị klas ndị ọzọ n'èzí. Addams, site n'enyemaka nke Ellen Gates Starr, hiwere Chicago Public School Art Society (CPSAS) na nzaghachi dị mma na klaasị nka ụmụaka. CPSAS nyere ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha ihe osise nke ndị nka ama ama n'ụwa, goro ndị na-ese ihe ka ha kuziere ụmụaka ka e si emepụta nka, ma kpọga ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ gaa n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nka nke Chicago.[1]

=== Mpaghara dị nso n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ ===
[[Faịlụ:Polk_street_opposite_Hull_House.gif|thumb|Polk Street n'ihu Hull House. ''Ebe e si nweta ya'' bụ Addams: Afọ Iri Abụọ na Hull House (1910), p.95]]
[[Faịlụ:South_Halsted_Street_Opposite_Hull_House.gif|thumb|South Halsted Street n'ihu Hull House. Isi iyi Addams: Afọ iri abụọ na Hull House. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]]]
Mpaghara Hull House bụ ngwakọta nke agbụrụ Europe ndị kwagara Chicago na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20. Ngwakọta ahụ bụ ala ebe ndị na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndị ọrụ ebere nke Hull House nwalere echiche ha ma maa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ aka. Bethlehem-Howard Neighborhood Center dekọrọ ngwakọta agbụrụ ahụ: &quot;Ndị Germany na ndị Juu biri n'ebe ndịda nke etiti ahụ (n'ebe ndị ọzọ nke Twelfth Street)... Delta nke [[Greeks|Ndị Gris]] guzobere site na Harrison, Halsted Street, na Blue Island Streets jere ozi dị ka ihe mgbochi maka ndị Irish bi n'ebe ugwu na ndị French Canada bi n'akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ. &quot;  Ndị Ịtali bi n'ime etiti nke Hull House Neighborship ... site n'osimiri dị na nsọtụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, gaa na nsọtụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ihe a bịara mara dị ka Little Italy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.taylorstreetarchives.com|title=Stories from Chicago's Little Italy|publisher=Taylor Street Archives|accessdate=April 27, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228234400/http://taylorstreetarchives.com/|archivedate=December 28, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị Gris na ndị Juu, tinyere ihe fọdụrụ n'ìgwè ndị ọzọ si mba ọzọ kwabata, malitere ọpụpụ ha site na agbata obi na mmalite narị afọ nke 20. Naanị ndị Ịtali gara n'ihu dị ka obodo na-enweghị nsogbu ma na-aga nke ọma site na Great Depression, Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na karịa &quot;ụkpụrụ omume ọma&quot; atọ kachasị mma maka ebe obibi ọha na eze: &quot;ịkụzi site na ihe atụ, imekọ ihe ọnụ, na ime ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ya bụ, ịha nhata, ma ọ bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo okwu, mmekọrịta ọha na eze gafee klas.  Ya mere, Hull House nyere usoro zuru oke nke ọrụ obodo, ọdịbendị, ntụrụndụ, na agụmakwụkwọ ma dọta ndị ọbịa na-adọrọ mmasị site n'akụkụ ụwa niile, gụnyere [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], onye mechara bụrụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Harvard. N'afọ 1890, [[Julia Lathrop]], [[Florence Kelley]], na ndị ọzọ bi n'ụlọ ahụ mere ka ọ bụrụ ebe ọrụ mgbanwe ọha na eze n'ụwa. Hull House jiri usoro kachasị ọhụrụ (ịsụ ụzọ na eserese ọnụ ọgụgụ) mụọ oke mmadụ, enweghị ọrụ, ịba na typhoid, cocaine, ịgụ ụmụaka, ndị nta akụkọ, ọnwụ nwa ọhụrụ, na ịmụ nwa. Malite na mgbalị iji melite agbata obi dị nso, otu Hull House tinyere aka na mkpọsa obodo na steeti niile maka ụlọ ka mma, mmelite na ọdịmma ọha na eze, iwu ụmụaka siri ike, na nchedo nke ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ. Addams wetara ndị ọbịa a ma ama site na gburugburu ụwa ma nwee njikọ chiri anya na ndị isi Chicago na ndị ọrụ ebere. N'afọ 1912, o nyere aka malite Progressive Party ọhụrụ ma kwado mkpọsa onye isi ala nke [[Theodore Roosevelt]].

&quot;Filosophy Adams jikọtara mmetụta ụmụ nwanyị na mkpebi siri ike maka imeziwanye mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya site na mgbalị imekọ ihe ọnụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ọmịiko na ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị, ndị na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na eze, na ndị na'udo, Addams jụrụ ka a kpọọ ya aha. Ọjụjụ a bụ nke bara uru karịa nke echiche. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;WWU&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/addams-jane/|title=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy website|chapter=Jane Addams|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|year=2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmetụta na ụmụaka ===
[[Faịlụ:In_the_Hull_House_Music_School.gif|thumb|Na Hull House Music School. ''Ebe e si nweta ya'' bụ Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), peeji nke 383]]
[[Faịlụ:Sick_Mother_&amp;_Children.gif|thumb|N'ụlọ obibi, Nne na-arịa ọrịa na Ụmụaka. ''Ebe e si nweta ya'' bụ Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), p. 164]]
Ụlọ Hull kwusiri ike mkpa ọ dị ịrụ ọrụ ụmụaka na Americanization nke ndị mbata ọhụrụ. Nkà ihe ọmụma a kwalitekwara egwuregwu na nyocha na mpaghara ntụrụndụ, ntorobịa, na ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Addams rụrụ ụka na Mmụọ nke Ntorobịa na okporo ụzọ Obodo (1909) na egwuregwu na ntụrụndụ dị mkpa n'ihi na obodo ahụ na-emebi mmụọ ntorobịa. Ụlọ Hull gosipụtara ọtụtụ mmemme na nka na ihe nkiri, klaasị ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara, klọb ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, klaasị asụsụ, otu ịgụ akwụkwọ, mmemme ịgbatị kọleji, yana ebe ịsa ahụ ọha, ụlọ mgbatị ahụ, ụlọ nka, na ebe egwuregwu, niile dị n'ime gburugburu ebe enwere ike ikwu okwu. E mere ha nile iji kwalite nkwado onye kwuo uche ya, ịdị n'otu, na omume onye ọ bụla. O nyeere aka ịgafe koodu ụlọ mbụ na iwu ụlọ ọrụ mbụ.


Ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya sitere na Hull House, na 1901 Jane Addams tọrọ ntọala ihe ga-abụ Òtù Na-echebe Ụmụaka. JPA nyere ndị otu nchekwa ụmụaka mbụ na United States ruo oge ahụ. Site na 1907 ruo 1940, JPA na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ihe gbasara ikpe ziri ezi nke ụmụaka, na-ekpuchi isiokwu ndị dị ka mmegbu, ọrụ na mmegbu, iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, na mpụ na nsogbu nke Chicago. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, otu ahụ rụrụ ọrụ iji meziwanye ndụ ndị nwere nkwarụ na iji ụmụaka nwere nkwarụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ka ha wee nwee ike iru eru ha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, n'obodo, na n'ógbè ha.[1]

=== Nchịkọta ọrịa ọha na eze ===
Addams na ndị ọrụ ibe ya dere akụkọ ọdịdị obodo nke ịba ahụ ma kọọ na ndị ọrụ dara ogbenye na-ebu ihe kachasị njọ nke ọrịa ahụ. Ọ chọpụtara nrụrụ aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na anyaukwu azụmaahịa nke mere ka ndị ọchịchị obodo leghara ahụike, ịdị ọcha, na iwu ụlọ anya. N'ịgwakọta [[Ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi]] na mgbanwe obodo, o mechara merie ndị isi ma kwalite nkesa ziri ezi nke ọrụ obodo na omume nyocha nke oge a. Addams kwuru banyere &quot;ike a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha nke ntụrụndụ ọha na eze iji mee ka klas nke obodo dị iche iche dị iche iche&quot;.  Addams sooro Chicago Board of Health rụọ ọrụ ma bụrụ osote onye isi oche mbụ nke Playground Association of America.

=== Mmetụta banyere ịgba akwụna ===
N'afọ 1912, Addams bipụtara A New Conscience and Ancient Evil, banyere ịgba akwụna. Akwụkwọ a bụ ihe a ma ama nke ukwuu. Addams kwenyere na ịgba akwụna bụ naanị n'ihi ịtọrọ mmadụ. Akwụkwọ ya mechara kpalie Stella Wynne Herron's 1916 short story Shoes, nke Lois Weber mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri na-emepe emepe nke 1916 nke otu aha ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://silentfilm.org/archive/shoes|title=Shoes|author=Byrne|first=Rob|work=San Francisco Silent Film Festival}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams na ndị ọrụ ibe ya bu n'obi na Hull House bụ ngwaọrụ nnyefe iji weta ụkpụrụ nke omenala dị elu gụrụ akwụkwọ na kọleji nye ndị mmadụ, gụnyere Efficiency Movement, nnukwu mmegharị na mba ndị na-emepụta ihe na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 nke chọrọ ịchọpụta na iwepụ ihe mkpofu na akụ na ụba na ọha mmadụ, yana ịzụlite ma tinye n'ọrụ omume kachasị mma. Otú ọ dị, ka oge na-aga, a gbanwere anya site n'iweta nka na ọdịbendị n'ógbè ahụ (dị ka e gosipụtara na iwu ụlọ Butler) iji meghachi omume na mkpa nke obodo site n'inye nlekọta ụmụaka, ohere agụmakwụkwọ, na nnukwu oghere nzukọ. Hull House ghọrọ ihe karịrị ebe nnwale maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị gụrụ akwụkwọ na kọleji, ndị ọkachamara: ọ ghọkwara akụkụ nke obodo ebe a tọrọ ntọala ya, mmepe ya na-ekpughe akụkọ ihe mere eme.
[[Faịlụ:Smithsonian_-_NPG_-_Jane_Addams_and_Alva_Belmont_-_NPG.95.54.jpg|alt=A sketch of Jane Addams and Alva Belmont sitting side by side|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe osise 1912 nke Addams na Alva Vanderbilt Belmont, ndị otu National American Woman Suffrage Association. Addams bụ osote onye isi oche nke nzukọ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Buell|first=Janet W.|date=1990|title=Alva Belmont: From Socialite to Feminist|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24447643|journal=The Historian|volume=52|issue=2|pages=219–241|doi=10.1111/j.1540-6563.1990.tb00779.x|issn=0018-2370}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Addams kpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'etiti nwere oge ntụrụndụ na ume yana ndị ọrụ ebere bara ọgaranya, ka ha rụọ ọrụ obodo ha itinye aka n'ihe omume obodo dị ka okwu nke &quot;ịrụ ụlọ obodo&quot;. Addams si otú a gbasaa echiche nke ọrụ obodo iji tinye ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị karịa ịbụ nne (nke gụnyere ịzụlite ụmụaka). Ndụ ụmụ nwanyị na-agba gburugburu &quot;ibu ọrụ, nlekọta, na ibu ọrụ&quot;, nke na-anọchite anya isi iyi nke ike ụmụ nwanyị. Echiche a nyere ntọala maka ọrụ ime obodo ma ọ bụ nke obodo nke Addams kọwara ma nyewanye ike na mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị nke Addams kwadoro. Addams kwuru na a zụrụ ụmụ nwanyị, n'adịghị ka ụmụ nwoke, n'ihe ndị dị nro nke ọdịmma mmadụ ma chọọ iwulite ọrụ ọdịnala ha nke ide ụlọ iji bụrụ ndị na-elekọta ụlọ. Ọrụ idebe ụlọ ka ukwuu gụnyere mgbalị mgbanwe gbasara nsị na-egbu egbu, mmiri ara ehi na-adịghị ọcha (nke na-ebu ụkwara nta), ikuku na-ese anwụrụ ọkụ, na ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-adịghị mma. Addams duziri &quot;agha mkpofu&quot;; na 1894 ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara dị ka onye nyocha nke ịdị ọcha nke Chicago's 19th Ward. Site n'enyemaka nke Hull House Women's Club, n'ime otu afọ, a kọọrọ kansụl obodo ihe karịrị 1,000 mmebi iwu nke ngalaba ahụike na nchịkọta ihe mkpofu belatara ọnwụ na ọrịa.

Addams na onye ọrụ ebere John Dewey nwere ike ịrụ ụka ogologo oge na ha kọwapụtara ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya n'ihe gbasara pragmatism na localism, na-emesi ọrụ ike na oke ike.[1] Echiche nke abụọ nke na-eme ka Addams na mpaghara ya dị iche na ndị inyom nke oge a bụ mkpa ọ dị ịgbasa n'ime ndụ nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na obodo na nchọpụta nke usoro ochichi onye kwuo uche ya na omume nke na-ejedebe na ngwá ọrụ ngwá ọrụ, dị ka na mmemme Addams maka otu oge ọrụ na nke abụọ, oku ha na-akpọ maka ike ka e nye echiche nke ndị na-achị 2] oge otu na [.

Ọrụ Addams lekwasịrị anya na ụmụ nwanyị, mmekọahụ, ihe ngosi, na ịbụ nne. N'ime akụkọ ndụ ya abụọ, Afọ iri abụọ na Hull House (1910) na afọ iri abụọ na abụọ na Hull House (1930), ọrụ okike Addams kwekọrọ na echiche Progressive-Era ya. N'akwụkwọ ya A New Conscience and An Ancient Evil (1912), ọ na-akọwa ihe ụmụ mmadụ na nke ọha mmadụ na-esi na ịgba ohu, ịgba ohu, na ụdị nrigbu ndị ọzọ n'etiti ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ America site na 1890 ruo 1910. Addams' autobiography bụ ma nghọta ma na-enye ike, ọ bụkwa ihe akaebe na-egosi na ọ nwere ike ime ka ikike ya nwee ike. Ọ na-egosipụta onwe ya dị ka nwunye ma ọ bụ esi nri na-ejere ndị mkpọrọ Hull House ozi, dị ka a ga-asị na ha bụ ụmụ ya. N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị nne n'onwe ya, a na-ewere Addams dị ka &quot;nne nke mba&quot;, n'ihi ọdịdị nne ya n'anya ndị ya.[1].
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams,_1906.jpg|thumb|Jane Addams, 1906, nke George de Forest Brush (1855-1941), National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]]
Addams nọgidere na-enwe usoro ihe omume ya dị arọ nke okwu ihu ọha gburugburu mba ahụ, ọkachasị na kọleji. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-enye ọmụmụ kọleji site na Ngalaba Mgbasawanye nke Mahadum Chicago.  Ọ jụrụ onyinye sitere na mahadum ka ọ bụrụ onye mmekọ ya, gụnyere onyinye sitere na Albion Small, onyeisi oche nke Ngalaba Sociology, nke ọnọdụ ngalaba gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Ọ jụrụ iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ onwe ya n'èzí agụmakwụkwọ. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịkụziri ndị okenye na-edebanyeghị aha na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ, n'ihi ịda ogbenye na / ma ọ bụ enweghị asambodo. Ọzọkwa, ọ chọghị ka mahadum chịkwaa ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya.

A họpụtara Addams ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Chicago Board of Education . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FitzPatrick|first=Lauren|title=Who is your Chicago public school named for?|url=https://graphics.suntimes.com/education/school-names/|work=Chicago Sun-Times|accessdate=19 March 2023|language=en|date=December 30, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Addams bụ onye otu iwu nke American Sociological Society, nke e guzobere na 1905. O nyere ya akwụkwọ na 1912, 1915, na 1919. Ọ bụ nwanyị a ma ama n'oge ndụ ya.

== Mmekọrịta ==
N'ozuzu, Addams nọ nso na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ ma dị ezigbo mma n'ịkpali ha itinye aka na klas dị iche iche na mmemme Hull House. Ka o sina dị, n'oge ndụ ya niile, Addams na ụmụ nwanyị ole na ole nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya, gụnyere Mary Rozet Smith na Ellen Starr. Mmekọrịta ya nyere ya oge na ume iji chụsoo ọrụ mmekọrịta ya mgbe a na-akwado ya n'ụzọ mmetụta uche na ịhụnanya. Site na mmekọrịta ịhụnanya ya na ụmụ nwanyị, a ga-akọwa ya dị ka nwanyị na-edina nwoke n'oge a, dịka ọtụtụ ndị isi na Women's International League for Peace and Freedom nke oge ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Faderman|first=Lilian|title=To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done For America – A History|date=June 8, 2000|publisher=Mariner Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye mbụ ya na ya na-ahụ n'anya bụ Ellen Starr, onye ya na ya guzobere Hull House, onye ọ zutere mgbe ha abụọ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na Rockford Female Seminary. N'afọ 1889, ha abụọ gara Toynbee Hall ọnụ wee malite ọrụ ụlọ obibi ha, zụta ụlọ na Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Faderman|first=Lilian|title=To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done For America – A History|date=June 8, 2000|publisher=Mariner Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye mmekọ ịhụnanya nke abụọ ya bụ Mary Rozet Smith, onye bara ọgaranya ma kwado ọrụ Addams na Hull House, onye ya na ya nwekọrọ ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Aldrich|chapter=Addams, Jane|author=Holmes|first=Sarah|title=Who's who in Gay and Lesbian History Volume 1: From Antiquity to the Mid-Twentieth Century|publisher=Routledge|date=2001|isbn=978-0-415-15982-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Lilian Faderman dere na Jane hụrụ onwe ya n'anya ma ọ kpọrọ Mary &quot;My Ever Dear&quot;, &quot;Darling&quot; na &quot;Dearest One&quot;, wee kwubie na ha nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya nke di na nwunye. Ha nọgidere na-emekọ ihe ọnụ ruo 1934, mgbe Mary nwụrụ n'ọrịa oyi bara ya n'ahụ, mgbe afọ 40 gachara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Faderman|first=Lilian|title=To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done For America – A History|date=June 8, 2000|publisher=Mariner Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kwuru na, &quot;Mary Smith ghọrọ ma nọgide na-abụ ihe kachasị elu na nke doro anya na egwu nke bụ ndụ onwe Jane Addams&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Brown&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Brown|first=Victoria Bissell|title=The Education of Jane Addams|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2003|location=Philadelphia, PA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=In0FyWy858gC&amp;q=jane+addams+lesbian&amp;pg=PP1|isbn=0-8122-3747-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha abụọ nwere ụlọ ezumike na Bar Harbor, Maine. Mgbe ha kewara, ha na-edegara ibe ha akwụkwọ ozi ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ugboro n'ụbọchị - mgbe ụfọdụ ugboro abụọ. Addams ga-edegara Smith akwụkwọ ozi, &quot;M na-achọ gị n'ụzọ dị egwu ma bụrụkwa nke gị 'ruo ọnwụ'. &lt;ref name=&quot;Loerzel&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Loerzel|first=Robert|title=Friends—With Benefits?|work=Chicago Magazine|date=June 2008|url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/June-2008/Friends-With-Benefits/|accessdate=March 29, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-egosikwa na ụmụ nwanyị ahụ lere onwe ha anya dị ka di na nwunye: &quot;E nwere ihe kpatara ya n'omume nke ndị lụrụ di na nwunye na-anọkọ ọnụ&quot;, Addams degaara Smith akwụkwọ.

== Okpukpe na ebumnuche okpukpe ==
Nkwenkwe okpukpe Addams sitere n'agụ akwụkwọ ya sara mbara na ahụmịhe ndụ ya. Ọ hụrụ ọrụ obibi ya dị ka akụkụ nke &quot;Social Christian&quot;. Addams mụtara banyere Iso Ụzọ Kraịst nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya site n'aka ndị guzobere Toynbee Hall, Samuel na Henrietta Barnett. Ndị Barnetts nwere mmasị dị ukwuu n'ịtọghata ndị ọzọ ka ha bụrụ Ndị Kraịst, mana ha kwenyere na Ndị Kraịst kwesịrị itinye aka n'ụwa ma, n'okwu otu n'ime ndị isi nke òtù ndị Kraịst na England, W. H. Fremantle, &quot;na-etinye mmekọrịta mmadụ na mmụọ nke ịhụnanya nke Kraịst&quot;.

According to Christie and Gauvreau (2001), while the Christian settlement houses sought to Christianize, Jane Addams &quot;had come to epitomize the force of secular humanism.&quot; Her image was, however, &quot;reinvented&quot; by the Christian churches.

Dị ka Joslin si kwuo (2004), &quot;Nkwado ọhụrụ, dị ka [Addams] na-akọwa ya sitere na nke ụwa, ọ bụghị nke okpukpe, ụkpụrụ nkwenye&quot;.

Dị ka Jane Addams Hull-House Museum si kwuo, &quot;Ụfọdụ ebe obibi ọha na eze nwere njikọ na ụlọ ọrụ okpukpe. Ndị ọzọ, dị ka Hull- House [nke Addams guzobere], bụ ndị ụwa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/_learn/_aboutjane/aboutjane.html|title=Jane Addams Hull-House Museum|accessdate=November 29, 2014|archivedate=December 14, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214075452/http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/_learn/_aboutjane/aboutjane.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hilda Satt Polacheck, onye bibu na Hull House, kwuru na Addams kwenyesiri ike na nnwere onwe okpukpe ma na-eweta ndị mmadụ nke okwukwe niile n'ime ọha na eze, nke ụwa nke Hull House. Otu ihe dị iche, ka ọ na-ekwu, bụ oriri Krismas kwa afọ, ọ bụ ezie na Addams hapụrụ akụkụ okpukpe na chọọchị ahụ.

Bible jere ozi Addams dị ka isi iyi nke mkpali maka ndụ ya nke ije ozi na akwụkwọ ntuziaka maka ịchụso ọkpụkpọ ya. Mmetụta a na-ekwusi ike n'ịgbaso ihe nlereanya Jizọs na ịkwalite nguzobe nke Alaeze Chineke n'ụwa pụtakwara ìhè n'ọrụ Addams na Social Gospel movement.

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams_&amp;_Mary_Rozet_Smith,_1923.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Jane Addams [n'aka ekpe] &amp; Mary Rozet Smith, 1923 (Jane Addams Collection/Swarthmore College Peace Collection.) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams_and_Miss_Elizabeth_Burke_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|254x254px|Ndị nnọchiteanya na Women's Suffrage Legislature Jane Addams (n'aka ekpe) na Miss Elizabeth Burke nke Mahadum Chicago, 1911]]
N'afọ 1898, Addams sonyeere Anti-Imperialist League, na-emegide US annexation nke Philippines. Onye na-akwado Progressive Party, ọ họpụtara Theodore Roosevelt maka onye isi ala n'oge Nzukọ nke Party, nke e mere na Chicago n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1912.  Ọ debanyere aha na ikpo okwu, ọ bụ ezie na ọ chọrọ iwu Ụgbọ agha ndị ọzọ. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ekwu okwu ma na-eme mkpọsa maka mkpọsa onye isi ala nke afọ 1912 nke Roosevelt.

Na Jenụwarị 1915, ọ banyere na Women's Peace Party ma họpụta ya dịka onye isi oche mba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://spartacus-educational.com/USApeaceW.htm|title=Woman's Peace Party|publisher=Spartacus-Educational.com|accessdate=February 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727103823/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USApeaceW.htm|archivedate=July 27, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị inyom Europe na-ahụ maka udo kpọrọ Addams ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke International Congress of Women na The Hague, Eprel 28-30, 1915,&lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt; ma họrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi kọmitii iji chọta njedebe nke agha. Nke a gụnyere izute ndị isi iri na mba ndị na-anọpụ iche yana ndị nọ n'agha iji kwurịta banyere ogbugbo. Nke a bụ mgbalị mbụ dị ịrịba ama nke mba ụwa megide agha ahụ. Addams, tinyere ndị nnọchi anya [[Emily Greene Balch|Emily Balch]] na Alice Hamilton, dere ahụmahụ ha nke ọrụ a, bipụtara dị ka akwụkwọ, Women at The Hague (Mahadum Illinois). 
[[Faịlụ:Jane-Addams-by-Manuel-Rosenberg.jpg|thumb|Jane Addams bịanyere aka na eserese nke Manuel Rosenberg 1917]]
[[Faịlụ:International_Congress_of_Women1915_(22785230005).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|320x320px|International Congress of Women na 1915. aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri:1. [[Lucy Thoumaian]] - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. [[Laura Hughes (activist)|Laura Hughes]] - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Ịtali, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway]]
Na 1917, ọ ghọrọ onye so na Fellowship of Reconciliation USA (alaka America nke International Fellowship of Reconciliation, hiwere na 1919) wee jee ozi na Council Fellowship ruo 1933.[1] Mgbe US banyere agha na 1917, Addams katọrọ nke ukwuu. Abara ya ezigbo mba dị ka onye na-akwado udo. A na-agụ okwu ya na 1915 na pacifism na Carnegie Hall n'akwụkwọ akụkọ dị ka New York Times, nke mbụ ya dị ka onye mba.[2] [3] Dị ka e kwuru, n'oge njem ya, ọ na-eji oge na-ezute ọtụtụ ndị mba ụwa na ndị mba ma na-ekwughachi echiche Victorian ya na ọrụ ụmụ anụmanụ na-eme n'udo. Nkwado ọzọ bịara na ihe nrite nke Nrite Nobel Peace Prize to Addams na 1931; ya na Nicholas Murray Butler kesara ihe nrite ahụ. [4] Dị ka onye mbụ meriri nturu ugo US, a matara Addams maka &quot;nkwupụta ọchịchị onye kwuo uche America&quot;. O nyefere òkè ya nke ego nrite n'aka otu Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. [5][6]

=== Pacifism ===
Addams bụ onye isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ụlọ na nke mba ụwa, na-eje ozi dịka onye ndu na onye ndu echiche; Onye edemede Russia bụ Leo Tolstoy na pragmatism nke ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma John Dewey na George Herbert Mead metụtara ya.[1] Akwụkwọ ya, Newer Ideals of Peace and Peace and Bread in Time of War, na ọrụ udo ya nyere aka weta nghọta ọhụrụ banyere udo na agha.[2] Ọ hụrụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ikpe ziri ezi na udo dị ka ihe na-agbakọ aka; ha niile ga-agbakọ aka iji nweta ihe ọ hụrụ. Addams abụrụla onye na-akwado ọgụ siri ike kemgbe 1899, dị ka ọ dị na ngagharị iwe ime ihe ike sochiri Agha Spen na America. Akwụkwọ ya Newer Ideals of Peace (1907) bụ òtù udo zuru ụwa ọnụ nke chọrọ itinye echiche nke ikpe ziri ezi. Ọ kpọrọ ndị inyom na-akwado ikpe ziri ezi dịka Alice Hamilton, Lillian Wald, Florence Kelley, na Emily Greene Balch ka ha sonyere ya na International Animal Welfare League mgbe 1914 Free Movement gasịrị. Ọrụ Addams rụpụtara mkpụrụ mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị, mgbe nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi jikọtara udo na ikpe ziri ezi na ọnọdụ mmadụ na ọchịchọ nke agha.

N'afọ 1899 na 1907, ndị isi ụwa choro udo site n'ịkpọkọta nzukọ udo ọhụrụ na nke nwere mmetụta na The Hague. Nzukọ ndị a mepụtara Nzukọ Hague nke 1899 na 1907. A kagburu nzukọ nke afọ 1914 n'ihi Agha Ụwa nke Mbụ. Nzukọ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke ụmụ nwanyị na Hague kpọkọtara jupụtara na oghere ahụ. N'oge ahụ, ma US na Netherlands nọpụrụ iche. Jane Addams bụ onye isi oche nke International Congress of Women na Hague, nke gụnyere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị otu 1,200 sonyere site na mba 12 na-alụ agha na mba na-anọpụ iche. Ebumnuche ha bụ ịmepụta usoro iji kwụsị ime ihe ike nke agha. Ma usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba na nke mba ụwa ewepụghị olu ụmụ nwanyị. Ndị nnọchiteanya nwanyị ahụ kwuru na iwepụ ụmụ nwanyị na mkparịta ụka iwu na mkpebi gbasara agha na udo kpatara iwu na-ezighị ezi. Ndị nnọchiteanya ahụ nabatara usoro mkpebi na-edozi nsogbu ndị a ma kpọọ oku maka ịgbatị ikike na itinye ụmụ nwanyị n'ime usoro udo mba ụwa na njedebe agha. Mgbe nzukọ ahụ gasịrị, Addams na ndị nnọchi anya ndị omeiwu gara Europe niile na-ezute ndị isi, ìgwè ụmụ amaala, na ndị agha merụrụ ahụ site n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ. A kpọtụrụ idu ndú ya n'oge nnọkọ ahụ na njem ya gaa n'isi obodo nke mpaghara ndị agha mebiri emebi aha na nhọpụta maka Nobel Peace Prize.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1931|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/addams/nominations/|accessdate=2022-09-06|work=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams megidere itinye aka na Mgbasawanye nke US ma mesịa megide ndị na-achọ ọchịchị America na mba ofesi. N'afọ 1915, o kwuru okwu na Carnegie Hall ma boo ya n'èzí maka imegide itinye aka US n'Agha Ụwa Mbụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2003/5/21/new_york_times_reporter_chris_hedges|title=New York Times Reporter, Chris Hedges was Booed off the Stage and had his Microphone Cut Twice as he Delivered a Graduation Speech on War and Empire at Rockford College in Illinois|work=[[Democracy Now!]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Addams katọrọ agha dị ka ọdachi nke mebiri obiọma mmadụ, ịdị n'otu, na ọbụbụenyi obodo, ma mee ka ezinụlọ dị iche iche n'ụwa niile lụọ ọgụ. N'aka nke ya, ndị otu na akwụkwọ akụkọ na-ahụ mba n'anya katọrọ echiche ya n'''Oge'' Agha Ụwa Mbụ (1917-18). Oswald Garrison Villard bịara chebe ya mgbe ọ tụrụ aro ka ndị agha nye ndị agha mmanya na-aba n'anya obere oge tupu nnukwu mwakpo ala. &quot;Were ikpe Jane Addams maka otu. Site na mmegbu [New York] Times na-ekpuchi ya, otu n'ime ndị inyom anyị kachasị mma, n'ihi na ọ gwara eziokwu dị mfe na a na-enyekarị ndị agha Allied mmanya ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ọjọọ tupu ha agafee Ala Ọ dịghị Nwoke. Ma mgbe eziokwu ahụ pụtara n'aka Sir Philip Gibbs na ndị ọzọ, ọ dịghị otu okwu mgbaghara na-abịa. &quot;  Ọbụna mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị mmegide gosipụtara usoro udo na iwepụ ngwá agha dị ka ndị na ndị na ndị agha dị ka ihe siri ike, ndị Kọmunist, ndị na-enweghị mba. Ndị agha ochie na-eto eto na American Legion, nke ụfọdụ ndị otu Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) na League of Women Voters kwadoro, adịghị njikere ịlụso ndị agadi, ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ ka mma, ndị nwere ego na ndị ama ama nke WILPF ọgụ. Ka o sina dị, DAR nwere ike ma chụpụ Addams na ndị otu ha.  Mgbalị ndị Legion na-eme iji gosipụta ndị otu WILPF dị ka ụmụ nwanyị na-amaghị nke a na-akọ kpaliri ndị na-ege ntị na-arụ ọrụ, mana Onye isi ala Calvin Coolidge na ndị nọ n'etiti kwadoro Addams na mbọ WILPF ya na 1920s iji machibido gas na-egbu egbu na agha iwu. Otú ọ dị, mgbe 1920, a na-ewere ya dị ka nwanyị kachasị ukwuu nke Progressive Era. N'afọ 1931, onyinye Nobel Peace nye ya na Nicholas Murray Butler  mere ka ọ bụrụ otu onye otuto.
  
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    <title>Japanese Sign Language family</title>
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      <text bytes="5883" sha1="31iokdko6hynu6xvnbp92tw5jy2cd0f" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Otu asụsụ ndị ogbi yiri ibe ha na Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia}}

Ezinụlọ '''Asụsụ Ogbi nke Japan (JSL)''' bụ [[ezinụlọ asụsụ]] nke nwere [[asụsụ ogbi]] atọ:&lt;ref&gt;Fischer, Susan D. ''et al.'' (2010). &quot;Variation in East Asian Sign Language Structures&quot; in {{Google books|xI0uqGyrsN8C|''Sign Languages,'' p. 499}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{tree list}}
* Ezinụlọ Asụsụ Ogbi nke Japan (JSL)
** [[Asụsụ Ogbi nke Japan]] (JSL)
** [[Asụsụ Ogbi nke Korea]] (KSL)
** [[Asụsụ Ogbi nke Taiwan]] (TSL)
{{tree list/end}}

Ọ dịghị ihe isi ike dị na nkwurịta okwu n'asụsụ atọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fischer5013&quot;&gt;Fischer, &quot;Variation,&quot; {{Google books|xI0uqGyrsN8C|p. 501}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ nke ndị Japan maka ndị ntị chiri na [[Kyoto]] na 1878. Na 1879, ọ ghọrọ nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha. N'afọ sochirinụ, Tokyo meghere nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha maka ụmụaka ntị chiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hall|first=Percival|date=1905|title=The Education of the Deaf in Japan|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44461837|journal=American Annals of the Deaf|volume=50|issue=3 |pages=304–308|jstor=44461837 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ná mmalite, ihe a na-akụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Kyoto dị iche na ihe a na-akụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Tokyo. Ọ bụ naanị n'afọ 1908 ka e nwere nnọkọ maka ịkụziri ndị ntị chiri ihe ka agụmakwụkwọ ahụ malitere ịdị mma. Nzukọ a bụ isi ihe kpatara mmalite nke JSL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The History of Japanese Sign Language 手話の歴史|url=https://deafjapan.com/japanese-sign-language-blog/the-history-of-japanese-sign-languag|access-date=2020-10-10|website=Japanese Sign Language &amp; アメリカ手話|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-03-21|archivedate=2022-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110043751/https://deafjapan.com/japanese-sign-language-blog/the-history-of-japanese-sign-languag}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mmetụta JSL nwere n'ebe TSL na KSL dị bụ n'ihi na ndị Japan na-achị Korea na Taiwan n'otu n'otu. Japan weghaara Korea site na 1910 ruo 1945 na Taiwan site na 1895 ruo 1945. N'oge ndị a, Japan hiwere ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ndị ntị chiri ma ziga ndị nkuzi site n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ha guzobere na Japan ka ha kụzie ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Korean Sign Language -Plot  Owlcation - Education|url=https://owlcation.com/humanities/Korean-Sign-Language|access-date=2020-10-10|website=owlcation.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka ''[[Ethnologue]]'' si kwuo, a na-eji asụsụ ogbi eme ihe na Korea kemgbe afọ 1889, tupu ndị Japan achịwa, a na-ejikwa ya eme ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ kemgbe afọ 1908. TSL malitere n'afọ 1895, n'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, mgbe e guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ abụọ maka ndị ntị chiri n'ebe ugwu na ndịda agwaetiti ahụ.

== Ihe nrịbama ọrụ ==
JSL nwere ike ịghọta ma KSL ma TSL. Nke a pụtara na ọ bụ ezie na [[asụsụ Japanese|Japanese]], [[asụsụ Korea|Korean]], na [[Taiwanese Mandarin]] abụghị asụsụ ọnụ na-enweghị njikọ, onye na-eji JSL nwere ike ikwurịta okwu nke ọma na onye na-eji TSL ma ọ bụ KSL n'enweghị nsogbu ọ bụla. TSL nwere ihe dị ka pasentị iri isii nke okwu ya na JSL, mana myirịta dị n'etiti asụsụ ndị ahụ esighị n'otu okwu yiri ya. Ha nwere ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche gbasara otu asụsụ. Otu ihe ahụ ka a pụrụ ikwu gbasara KSL.&lt;ref name=&quot;fischer5013&quot;/&gt;

A na-eji usoro na njirimara asụsụ nke na-adịghị n'asụsụ ọnụ nke obodo gbara ya gburugburu mara asụsụ ezinụlọ JSL. Ndị na-eji JSL, KSL na TSL nwere ike ịkpakọrịta ngwa ngwa n'ihi ihe ha niile jikọrọ, dịka atụmatụ asụsụ na ihe nrịbama ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;Fischer, Susan D. (2008). &quot;Sign Languages East and West&quot; in {{Google books|6eQqbSX8x_kC|''Unity and Diversity of Languages,'' pp. 6–15}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu ihe pụrụ iche n'asụsụ atọ a bụ usoro okwu nke okike.  Ụfọdụ ihe ịrịba ama mgbe e ji mkpịsị aka mee ha na-egosi nwoke, ebe ihe ịrịba ama ndị kwekọrọ na ha e ji mkpịsị aka nta mee na-egosi nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;Fischer, &quot;Variation,&quot; {{Google books|xI0uqGyrsN8C|p. 513}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dịka ọ dị n'asụsụ ndị ogbi ndị ọzọ, ha na-etinye [[ihe na-abụghị aka]] na okwu ndị dị ka okwu, okwu ndị e ji eme ihe, okwu mkparịta ụka, na ọrụ mmetụta uche. Ihe ndị a gụnyere ibuli ihu elu na ịkpụ isi, ihu iwe, ịma jijiji isi na ife isi, na ịdakwasị na ịtụgharị ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;Fischer, &quot;Variation,&quot; {{Google books|xI0uqGyrsN8C|p. 507}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Asụsụ ndị ogbi ndị ọzọ dị na Japan, Korea na Taiwan==
Ụfọdụ obodo ebe ntị chiri na-adịkarị, bụ́kwa ebe ndị na-anaghị enwe mmekọrịta dị ukwuu na mba Japan nke dị n'ebe ugwu, etolitela [[asụsụ ndị ogbi obodo]] nke ha:
* [[Asụsụ Ogbi nke Koniya]] na [[Amami Ọshima]], Japan
* [[[Asụsụ Ogbi nke Miyakubo]] na [[Miyakubo, Ehime]], Japan
Mmụba nke nkwurịta okwu emeela ka akara ngosi ndị Japan dịkwuo ukwuu n'ihe gbasara ụdị obodo.

== Ihe ndetu ==
{{reflist}}

== Edensibia ==
* Brentari, Diane. (2010). ''Sign Languages.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9780521883702}}; {{OCLC| 428024472}}
* Sterkenburg, Petrus Gijsbertus Jacobus van. (2008). ''Unity and Diversity of Languages.'' Amsterdam: John Benjamins. {{ISBN|9789027232489}}; {{OCLC|226308129}}
* [[Henri Wittmann|Wittmann, Henri]] (1991). [http://www.nou-la.org/ling/1991a-class.pdf &quot;Classification linguistique des langues signées non vocalement,&quot;] ''Revue québécoise de linguistique théorique et appliquée.'' Vol. 10, No. 1, pp.&amp;nbsp;215–288, 283.


[[Category:Japanese Sign Language family| ]]
[[Category:Languages of East Asia]]</text>
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    <title>Habibitch</title>
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[[Faịlụ:Ariadeb.jpg|thumb| Habibitch]]
'''Habibitch''', onye ezigbo  aha ya bụ '''Lissia Benoufella''', bụ onye na-ese ihe na-abụghị nke dabara n'udi okike chi abụọ, onye na-agba egwu na-ewu ewu na nke iji aka agba egwu site na mmalite Franco-Algeria, nke a maara na mbụ dị ka '''Ari de B.''' Dịka onye na-akwado ọchịchị nwanyị nkwuchite ọnụ metutara ndị ghọrọ nwanyị agbanyeghi okike, ha na-agbanwe ebe ịgba egwu ka ọ bụrụ ebe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Actualité Culture: Musique, Cinéma, Séries – Les Inrockuptibles|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/|accessdate=2022-07-08|work=Les Inrocks|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ Ndụ ==

=== Mmalite ndụ ===
A mụrụ Lissia Benoufella n'afọ 1980, na Algiers, Algeria. Mgbe ha dị afọ anọ, ezinụụlọ ha si Kabyle biri na France iji gbanahụụ agha obodo nke na-aga n'ihu n'obodo ha. Ha na-echeta mwute nke ndị mụrụ ha nwere mgbe ha bịarutere, bụ́ ndị ha abụọ ghọrọ ndị nkụzi.

=== Ọmụmụ ihe ===
Ha tolitere na Vendée, kemgbe ha bụ nwata, ha bu n'obi ịghọ onye na-agba egwu. Mgbe ha gụchara akwụkwọ mmụta mbụ ha na ngalaba mmụta ụmụ mmadụ (nke a maara na usoro agụmakwụkwọ ndị French dị ka klas préparatoires littéraires ), ha nwetara akara ugo mmụta abụọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na Spanish &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; (nke yitewere  akara ugo mmụta bachelọ na akara ugo mmụta abụọ) nakwa nzere masta na [[Gender studies|ọmụmụ ihe gbasara okike]] na Sciences Po Toulouse (klas nke 2011). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ọrụ nka ===
Habibtich chọpụtara na ọ na-eme voguing n'afọ 2011 n'oge njem ya na onye ya na ya so na-emekọ ihe  ọnụ n'oge ahụ na San Francisco. N'ebe ahụ, ha rụrụ ọrụ maka emume ihe nkiri LGBTQ ebe e gosipụtara ihe nkiri Paris is Burning, nke Jennie Livingston duziri, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; . Nkiri ihe nkiri a n'ezie, emeela ka ihe dị egwu &quot; pụta ihe »n'ime ha.

N'afọ 2013, Habibitch gara nnyocha ọkachamara maka ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu hip hop , nke mechara kwe ka ọ banye n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Dị ka ndị  n'etinyelarị aka n'ọrụ nkwuchite ọnụ, ha wee na-ebi ndụ dịka ndị na-enweghi ebe obibi ma tinyekwuo aka n'ihe gbasara ndị na-akwado ndị inyom, ndị na-akwado ndị ọchịchị, na [[Anarchism|ndị na-emegide ndị ọchịchị]] dịka ndị na-akwado ndị mmadụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, ha sonyeere ndị otu Paris Ballroom na obodo ebe ha zutere Kiddy Smile, onye nwere mmasị n'ebe ha nọ ma kwe ka ha sonyere ''n'ụlọ Mizhani'' na 2015.

N'afọ 2017, ha haziri ogbako ịgba egwu mbụ ha, nke ha kpọrọ ''Deconize the Dancefloor'' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; nke ha mechara hazie dabere na ihe omume na ebe ha nọ na ya ma na-etinye aka na ya, n'ịgbaso ụzọ nke na-ebute ụzọ &quot;itinye omume ha niile n'ọrụ n'ịgba egwu&quot; na nke dị n'etiti. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

N'otu oge ahụ, Habibitch na-achịkwa ogbako ma na-eme ka ogbako ahụ nwee ihe ngosi a na-eme. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 April 2021|title=Habibitch : &quot;Entre les selfies, la bouffe et les couchers de soleil, Instagram peut être une plateforme militante&quot;|url=https://www.ladn.eu/mondes-creatifs/habibitch-entre-selfies-bouffe-couchers-soleil-instagram-plateforme-militante/|accessdate=2022-07-08|work=L'ADN|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha bụkwa nne nne nke ''House of Gorgeous Gucci'' dị na Paris, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Habibitch – CAP 74024 Magazine|url=https://www.cap74024.com/habibitch/|accessdate=2022-07-08|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525140458/https://www.cap74024.com/habibitch/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma na-enye klas mmalite &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; nke waacking na Parc de la Villette, na Paris. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=folie|first=à la|title=Cours de waacking par Ari de B en live !|url=https://alafolie.paris/events/cours-de-waacking-par-ari-de-b-en-live/|accessdate=2022-07-08|work=à la folie|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;
 
[[Otú:Ndị na-agba Egwu si Algeria]]</text>
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    <title>Anụ anwụnta</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368846814|Mosquito]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Anụ anwụnta (nke sitere na ezinụlọ ''Culicidae'')''' bụ obere ahụhụ nwere ihe dị ka ụdị 3,600 dị iche iche. Ahụ ha siri gịrịgịrị, nke e kewaara ekewa, nwee nku abụọ, ụkwụ gbatịrị ogologo, na proboscis pụrụ iche e ji amị ihe. Anwụnta niile na-eri mmiri ara okooko osisi, mana ụmụ nwanyị nke ọtụtụ ụdị ha amụtala ịṅụ ọbara.

Ha gbasara nke ukwuu n'ụwa n'oge Cretaceous. N'ihe gbasara sayensị, ndị ọkà mmụta Ihe Ndụ na-ele anwụnta anya dị ka ''micropredators''—obere anụmanụ na-aṅụ ọbara anụmanụ ka ukwuu n'egbughị ha ozugbo. Mgbe nke ahụ na-eme, ndị ọkachamara na-amụ maka ọrịa na-ahụ ha dị ka ndị na-ebufe nje (vectors), sị otu a na-esi n'otu onye gaa n'ozor na-agbasa protozoa, bacteria, ma ọ bụ virus.

Ihe e ji amara usoro ndụ anwụnta bụ ọkwa anọ pụrụ iche: àkwà, larva, pupa, na anwụnta tolitere etolite. Mgbe anwụnta yịrị àkwà n'elu mmiri, ha na-aghọ ụmụ ahụhụ na-agagharị agagharị (larvae) nke na-eri ahịhịa mmiri na ihe ndị mepụrụ emepụ. Ụmụ larva ndị a bụ nri dị mkpa nye anụmanụ mmiri dị ka azụ, ụmụ dragonfly, na ụfọdụ nnụnụ. Mgbe ha tolitere, ụmụ nwanyị nke ọtụtụ ụdị anwụnta na-eji ọnụ ha pụrụ iche ama ahụ anụmanụ dị iche iche iji ṅụọ ọbara ha, nke bụ sọosọ ihe na-eme ka ha nwee ike ịyị àkwà.

Mgbe anwụnta gbara mmadu, ọ na-agba nsị ya n'ahụ onye ahụ, nke na-ebutekarị ọzịza na itching. E wezụga nke ahụ, ụmụ anwụnta ndị na-aṅụ ọbara na-enwere ike ịmịrị nje na-ebute ọrịa mgbe ha gbara onye bu ya, ma nwee ike ibuba ya n'ahụ onye ọzọ. Ihe atụ nke ọrịa ndị a gụnyere ọrịa parasites dị ka ịba na filariasis, gbaknyere ọrịa arbovirus dị ka yellow fever na dengue fever. N'ihi oké mgbasa nke ọrịa ndị a site n’anwụnta, ha na-egbu ihe karịrị otu nde mmadụ n'ụwa niile kwa afọ.

== Nkọwa na ndụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Mosquito_Life-Cycle.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|frameless]]
Usoro ndụ anwụnta nwere ọkwa anọ pụrụ iche: àkwá, igurube (larva), pupụ, na anwụnta toro eto. Ọkwa atọ mbụ na-eme kpamkpam n'ime mmiri kwụ otu ebe, ebe a na-etinye àkwá ha. Mgbe àkwá ndị ahụ pụtara dị ka igurube, ha na-eri nri, na-eto, wee gbanwee ghọọ pupae. N'ikpeazụ, anwụnta tolitere etolite na-apụta site na pupa ahụ mgbe ọ na-ese n'elu mmiri. N'ozuzu, anwụnta tolitere etolite na-adị ndụ site n'otu izu ruo otu ọnwa, n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ ụdị na- enwere ike ịnọ n'ọnọdụ izu ike (diapause) wee gafere oge oyi..

=== Ndị toro eto ===
Anwụnta bụ obere ụmụ ahụhụ nwere ahụ dị gịrịgịrị nke na-adịkarị ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ oji, nwere ogologo sitere na milimita 3 ruo 6. Ha nwere otu nku abụọ dị warara, nwere scaly na ha, yana ogologo ụkwụ. Mgbe anwụnta na-ezu ike, ha na-etinyekarị ụkwụ ha nke mbụ gawa n'akụkụ. Anwụnta Anopheles nwere ike ife gaa n'ihu ruo kilomita 12 n'otu abalị n'agbụghị nkwụsị. Ụmụ nwoke na-eti nku ha ugboro 450 ruo 600 n'otu sekọnd site n'ike uru ahụ ha. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ obere ahụhụ, dị ka ụdị Aedes, ụdị ụfọdụ dị ka Toxorhynchites nwere ike itolite n'ogologo ahụ na nku nke ka ukwuu n'ezie.

&lt;ref name=&quot;UF/IFAS A. gambiae&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=African malaria mosquito|url=https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/aquatic/Anopheles_gambiae.htm|publisher=[[University of Florida]]|accessdate=11 February 2024|archivedate=30 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330125827/https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/aquatic/Anopheles_gambiae.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Anụ anwụnta nwere ike itolite site na àkwá ruo okenye na ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ụbọchị ise, mana ọ nwere ike iwe ihe ruru otu ọnwa.[1] N'isi ụtụtụ ma ọ bụ mgbede, n'ime ụbọchị nke pupating, ndị nwoke na-agbakọta n'ìgwè, na-alụ mgbe ndị nwanyị na-efe efe.[2] Nwanyị ahụ na-alụ naanị otu ugboro n'oge ndụ ya, na-adọrọ mmasị site na pheromones nke nwoke ahụ na-ewepụta.[3][4] N'ime ụdị ndị chọrọ ọbara ka àkwá ahụ too, nke nne na-achọta onye na-elekọta ya ma na-aṅụ ọbara zuru ezu. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-ezu ike ụbọchị abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ iji gbarie nri ahụ ma kwe ka àkwá ya too. Mgbe ahụ, ọ dị njikere itinye àkwá ma megharịa usoro nri na ịtụrụ.[2] Ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ibi ruo izu atọ n'ọhịa, dabere na okpomọkụ, iru mmiri, ikike ha nwere inweta nri ọbara, na izere ịbụ ndị anụ ha na-egbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC Anopheles&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=''Anopheles'' Mosquitoes|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/mosquitoes/|accessdate=December 13, 2023|date=July 16, 2020|archivedate=9 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909055158/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/mosquitoes/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peach-Gries-2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Peach|first=Daniel A. H.|title=Mosquito phytophagy – sources exploited, ecological function, and evolutionary transition to haematophagy|journal=Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata|issue=2|doi=10.1111/eea.12852|year=2019|volume=168|pages=120–136}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; mode=&quot;nolines&quot; heights=&quot;450&quot; widths=&quot;300&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Culex_pipiens_diagram_en.svg|Anatomy of an adult female mosquito
Faịlụ:Aedes_aegypti_E-A-Goeldi_1905.jpg|Adult yellow fever mosquito ''Aedes aegypti'', typical of subfamily Culicinae. Male (left) has bushy antennae and longer palps than female (right)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Àkwá ===
Anwụnta na-enyekarị àkwá ha n'ime mmiri na-agagharịghị agagharị, dị ka ọdọ mmiri, ala apịtị, ma ọ bụ mmiri sọpụrụ n'oghere osisi na n'agbata akwụkwọ osisi bromeliad. Ụdị ụfọdụ na-eyi àkwá ha n'akụkụ mmiri ma ọ bụ n'elu ahịhịa mmiri. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ụfọdụ ụdị pụrụ iche dị ka Opifex fuscus na- amụ n'ime mmiri nnu gbara gburugburu ọdọ, ebe Wyeomyia smithii na-amụ n'ime ogbo osisi pitcher, ebe ụmụ larva ha na-eri ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ mmiri riri n'ebe ahụ.


&lt;ref name=&quot;Amorim Sa Rojas Santos Neto 2022 pp. 631–637&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Amorim|first=J. A.|title=Aquatic Macrophytes Hosting Immature Mansonia (Mansonia) Blanchard, 1901 (Diptera, Culicidae) in Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil|journal=Journal of Medical Entomology|volume=59|issue=2|date=2022-03-16|doi=10.1093/jme/tjab223|pages=631–637|pmid=35043213}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìgwè àkwá nke ọtụtụ ụdị anwụnta na-apụta n'otu oge, mana àkwá ''Aedes'' na diapause na-apụghị n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma n'ime ogologo oge.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huang Walker Vulule Miller 2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Huang|first=Juan|title=Daily temperature profiles in and around Western Kenyan larval habitats of Anopheles gambiae as related to egg mortality|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=5|issue=1|date=2006|pmid=17038186|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-5-87}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Anopheles_egg_2_(cropped).jpg|''[[Anopheles]]'' eggs with side floats
Faịlụ:Mosquito_egg_SEM.jpg|Electron micrograph of a culicine egg
Faịlụ:Gelege1_(cropped).jpg|''Culex'' egg raft
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Igurube ===
Isi larva anwụnta nhare brọsh ọnụ e ji ama nri, obi buru ibu nke na-enweghị ụkwụ, na afọ e kewaara ekewa. N'ihi na ọ na-eku ume site na siphon dị n'afọ ya, ọ na-apụta n'elu mmiri ugboro ugboro, ebe ọ na-eri ahịhịa mmiri (algae), bacteria, na obere ihe ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ihe sọrọ ya gburugburu, ọ na-agbada n'ala mmiri site n'ịkpụgharị ahụ ya ma ọ bụ iji brọsh ọnụ ya kwagharịa onwe ya. Larva na-agafe ọkwa utolite dị iche iche (instars) ma na-agbanwe akpụkpọ n'oge ọ bụla tupu ọ ghọọ pupa. E wezụga mgbe ha ka dị obere, ụmụ larva Aedes nwere ike iguzogide ebe kpọrọ nkụ, na-abanye n'ọnọdụ izu ike (diapause) ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa ma ọ bụrụ na mmiri ha kporo nkwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huang Walker Vulule Miller 2006&quot; /&gt;&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; mode=&quot;nolines&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot; widths=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:AnophelesLarvaPhoto_CDCHarryWeinburgh_publicdomain.jpg|''[[Anopheles]]'' larva
Faịlụ:Culex_restuans_larva_diagram_en.svg|Anatomy of a ''Culex'' larva
Faịlụ:Culex_sp_larvae.png|''Culex'' larvae plus one pupa
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Pupa ===
Pupa anwụnta nwere isi na obi gwakọtara ọnụ ka cephalothorax, ebe afọ ya pịrị akpị n'okpuru. Pupa a na- enwere ike igwu mmiri nke ọma site n'ịkpụgharị afọ ya. Dị ka larva, ọ na-apụta n'elu mmiri ugboro ugboro iji kụọ ikuku site n'obere opi iku ume abụọ dị n'obi ya. Pupa anaghị eri nri, kama ọ na-ese naanị n'elu mmiri. Mgbe ihe na-eyi ya mgbagwoju anya, ọ na-amụbanye n'ala mmiri site n'ịkpụgharị afọ ya, mana ọ na-eseghachi n'elu n'oge na-adịghị anya. N'ikpeazụ, anwụnta tolitere etolite na-apụta site na pupa ahụ n'elu mmiri wee fepụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;EPA life cycle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mosquito Life Cycle|date=21 February 2013|url=https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/mosquito-life-cycle|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]]|accessdate=12 December 2023|archivedate=19 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219184319/https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/mosquito-life-cycle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; mode=&quot;nolines&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot; widths=&quot;400&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Underwater_view_of_mosquito_pupae_in_standing_water.jpg|Mosquito pupae, shortly before the adults emerged. The head and thorax are fused into the cephalothorax.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ndị toro eto na-enye nri ==

=== Nri ===
[[Faịlụ:Mosquito_Tasmania_crop.jpg|thumb|Nwanyị ''Aedes'' sp. na-eri ọbara sitere n'aka mmadụ. ]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wahid|first=Isra|date=2003|title=Maxillae and mandibles of male mosquitoes and female autogenous mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)|journal=Journal of Medical Entomology|volume=40|issue=2|doi=10.1603/0022-2585-40.2.150|pmid=12693842}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Anụmanụ ndị bi na ya ===
Anwụnt

a na-aṅụ ọbara nwere anụmanụ pụrụ iche ha ka na-ahọrọ ịta, mana ha na-ata anụmanụ anya hụrụ mgbe nri na-anaghị adị mfe. Ụdị anwụnta dị iche iche na-aṅụ ọbara anụ bi n'ala na mmiri (amphibians), anụ na-akpụ akpụ dị ka agwọ, nnụnụ, na anụ na-enye nwa ara (mammals).&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Chironius_scurrulus_(Yasuni)_(cropped)_with_mosquitoes.jpg|Feeding on a snake
Faịlụ:Mosquitoes_vs._Frog_(14555480700)_(cropped).jpg|Feeding on a frog
Faịlụ:JJeffreyApapaneMosquito.jpg|Feeding on a bird
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Ịchọta ndị ọbịa ===
[[Faịlụ:How_to_attract_mosquitoes.svg|thumb|Anụ anwụnta nwanyị na-eri ọbara na-ahụ ndị na-elekọta ha site na iji ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere carbon dioxide, okpomọkụ, na ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche na-esi ísì ụtọ.]]
Ọtụtụ ụdị anwụnta na-achọ nri n'isi ụtụtụ ma ọ bụ mgbede, wee gaa ezumike n'ebe dị jụụ mgbe okpomọkụ ehihie na-arị elu. Agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ ụdị dị ka Asian tiger mosquito na-agagharị ma na-eri nri n'ehihie.

Anwụnta na-eji ọtụtụ njirimara pụrụ iche dị n'ahụ mmadụ wee họrọ onye ha ga-ata, n'ihi na nụrụ ísì CO2 n'ikuku na-akpali ha iji anya na usoro ịnụ ísì ha mewe nchọpụta miri emi. Nnyocha kemịkalụ na-egosi na ndị ahụ ha na-emepụta carboxylic acid n'ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na-adọta anwụnta kachasị. E wezụga nke ahụ, ísì ọsụsọ mmadụ nwere kemịkal pụrụ iche nke na-agwa anwụnta na ọ bụ mmadụ dị nso, ọ bụghị naanị anụmanụ ọ bụla nwere ọbara ọkụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ísì ndị a (VOCs) na-apụta mgbe nje bacteria dị n'akpụkpọ ahụ na-agbari ọsụsọ, ebe ihe dị ka ịdị arọ ahụ, homonụ, mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na nsogbu ahụike na-emekwa ka ísì ahụ onye ọ bụla dị iche. N'ikpeazụ, nje Plasmodium nke na-ebute ịba nwere ike ịgbanwe ísì onye ọrịa site na ime ka ọ mepụta nnukwu kemịkal aldehydes dị ka heptanal, octanal, na nonanal. Mpi anwụnta (antennae) na-achọpụta ísì ndị a ngwa ngwa, nke na-eme ka anwụnta na-akachasị ata ndị e mebiri ahụ site n'ọrịa ịba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Robinson|first=Ailie|date=May 2018|title=Plasmodium -associated changes in human odor attract mosquitoes|journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]]|volume=115|issue=18|pages=E4209–E4218|doi=10.1073/pnas.1721610115|pmid=29666273}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E wezụga ịnụ ísì, anwụnta na-ejikwa anya ha na-achọ onye ha ga-ata site n'ileba anya n'ụdị ụcha dị iche iche. Ha na- enwere mmasị siri ike n'agba nwere ogologo wavelengths, nke na- pụta ìhè dị ka ụcha mmanụ anwụ (oroma) na ọbara ọbara—ụcha ndị pụrụ iche n'akpụkpọ mmadụ n'agbanyeghị ụdị agba anyị nwere. E wezụga nke ahụ, ha na- achọkarị ihe ndị gbara ọchịchịrị na ihe nwere contrast doro anya, n'ihi otú agba ndị a siri na-apụta ìhè mgbe e jiri ha tụnyere ebe ndị na-acha ọkụ n'azụ ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Alonso San Alberto|first=Diego|date=2022-02-04|title=The olfactory gating of visual preferences to human skin and visible spectra in mosquitoes|journal=[[Nature Communications]]|volume=13|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41467-022-28195-x|pmid=35121739}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Culex_mosquito_proboscis.jpg|thumb|Foto microscope eletrọn nke ọnụ nke anwụnta ''Culex'']]
.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;Ụdị anwụnta dị iche iche emepụtala usoro pụrụ iche e ji amata mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ha chọrọ ịta. Nnyocha e mere n'etiti ụdị Aedes aegypti na-ata naanị mmadụ na nke na-ata anụmanụ na-egosi na mmasị ha nwere maka ísì mmadụ sitere na mmụba nke receptor e ji amata kemịkalụ sulcatone n'ísì mmadụ, nke a na-akpọ AaegOr4. Agbanyeghị na anwụnta ịba Anopheles gambiae nwekwara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa OR4 nke sulcatone na-akpali, ha na AaegOr4 enweghị njikọ chiri anya. Nke a na-egosi na ụdị anwụnta abụọ a mụtara ịta mmadụ n'ụzọ dị iche n'onwe ha n'agbanyeghị na ha enweghị otu usoro evolushọn (evolution).

=== Akụkụ ọnụ ===
Akụkụ ọnụ anwụnta nke nwanyị na-amụta nke ọma na ịpịa akpụkpọ ahụ na ịmị ọbara. Ụmụ nwoke na-aṅụ naanị mmiri shuga, ha nwekwara ọnụ ndị na-adịchaghị mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wahid Sunahara Mogi 2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wahid|first=Isra|title=Maxillae and Mandibles of Male Mosquitoes and Female Autogenous Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)|journal=Journal of Medical Entomology|volume=40|issue=2|date=2003-03-01|doi=10.1603/0022-2585-40.2.150|pages=150–158|pmid=12693842}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;NPR mouthparts&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Quirós|first=Gabriela|title=WATCH: Mosquitoes Use 6 Needles To Suck Your Blood|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/07/480653821/watch-mosquitoes-use-6-needles-to-suck-your-blood|publisher=NPR|accessdate=13 December 2023|date=June 7, 2016|archivedate=3 January 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103011402/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/07/480653821/watch-mosquitoes-use-6-needles-to-suck-your-blood}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Choo Buss Tan Leal 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Choo|first=Young-Moo|title=Multitasking roles of mosquito labrum in oviposition and blood feeding|journal=Frontiers in Physiology|volume=6|date=2015-10-29|pmid=26578978|doi=10.3389/fphys.2015.00306}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Zahran Sawires Hamza 2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Zahran|first=Nagwan|title=Piercing and sucking mouth parts sensilla of irradiated mosquito, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) with gamma radiation|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=12|issue=1|date=2022-10-25|pmid=36284127|doi=10.1038/s41598-022-22348-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'èzí, usoro nri doro anya nke anwụnta bụ proboscis, nke nwere egbugbere ọnụ, U-shaped na ngalaba dị ka Mmiri ozuzo, nke na-ekpuchi ụyọkọ (fascicle) nke ọnụ isii na-agbapu ma ọ bụ stylets. Ndị a bụ agbà abụọ, agbà abụọ ahụ, hypopharynx, na labrum. Ọnụ ya na-agbadata n'ime ụta mgbe anwụnta ahụ malitere ịta, na-anọgide na-emetụ akpụkpọ ahụ aka ma na-eduzi stylets ala. A na-ebugharị isi ndị dị nkọ nke labrum na maxillae azụ na n'ihu iji hụ ụzọ ha ga-esi banye n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ, na naanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ike ga-adị mkpa iji banye n'ahụ ahụ na agịga, na-akpata ntinye na-enweghị ihe mgbu.&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; mode=&quot;nolines&quot; heights=&quot;275&quot; widths=&quot;350&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Evolution_of_mosquito_mouthparts.svg|Evolution of mosquito mouthparts, with grasshopper mouthparts (shown both ''in situ'' and separately) representing a more primitive condition. All the mouthparts except the labium are stylets, formed into a fascicle or bundle.
Faịlụ:Feeding_mosquito,_mouthparts_labelled.svg|Mouthparts of a female mosquito while feeding on blood, showing the flexible labium sheath supporting the piercing and sucking tube which penetrates the host's skin
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Mmanụ ala ===
E wezụga nke ahụ, mkpịsị anwụnta (saliva) nwere enzymes dị pụrụ iche nke na-enyere ha aka igbari nri shuga ha na-aṅụ, yana ihe ndị na-egbochi nje (antimicrobial agents) nke na-alụso uto nje bacteria ọgụ n'ime nri shuga ah. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rossignol|first=P.A.|title=Bacteriolytic factor in the salivary glands of Aedes aegypti|journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Comparative Biochemistry|volume=83|issue=4|pages=819–822|year=1986|pmid=3519067|doi=10.1016/0305-0491(86)90153-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mkpịsị anwụnta (saliva) nwere ngwakọta pụrụ iche nke proteins na-enyere ya aka ịṅụ ọbara n'enweghị nsogbu site n'ichetara ma mebie usoro nchekwa ahụ nke anụmanụ ma ọ bụ mmadụ ọ na-ata.

=== Ọganihu àkwá na ịgbari ọbara ===
[[Faịlụ:Anopheles_stephensi.jpeg|thumb|''Anopheles stephensi'' nwanyị na-etinye ọbara ma malite ịfe mmiri na-achọghị iji mee ohere n'ime eriri afọ ya maka ihe ndị ọzọ siri ike.]]
Mgb anwụnta nwanyị aṅụchaa ọbara buru ibu, nri ahụ na-akpali homonụ na-amalite mmepe àkwá n'ahụ ya. Mgbe ọ dọpụtara proboscis ya, eriri afọ ya jupụtara na ọbara na-ewepụta peritrophic membrane nke na-ekpuchi ọbara ahụ ka ọ kewapụ ya n'akụkụ afọ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ọtụtụ ahụhụ na-aṅụ mmiri, anwụnta na-ewepụta mmiri karịrị akarị n'ahụ ya ọbụna mgbe ọ ka na-aṅụ ọbara ahụ, nke na-enyere ya aka ịnakọta naanị protin na ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ na-enweghị ibu mmiri arọ.

== Nbudata ==

=== Ọdịdị Ụwa ===
Anwụnt

a nwere nkesa zuru ụwa ọnụ (cosmopolitans), n'ihi na a na-enweta ha n'ala dum n'ụwa ma e wezụga Antarctica na obere agwaetiti ole na ole.

Àkwá

anwụnta ndị bi n'ebe oyi (temperate regions) na-agụ ike iguzogide oyi karịa àkwá ụdị sitere n'ebe na-ekpo ọkụ (tropics). Ọtụtụ na-aguzogide okpomọkụ dị ala nke ukwuu, ebe ndị tolitere etolite n'ime ụdị ụfọdụ na-alanarị oge oyi site n'izobe n'obere ebe dị jụụ dị ka oghere osisi ma ọ bụ n'ime ụlọ.

=== Mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe ===
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Horton|first=Helena|date=21 October 2025|title=Mosquitoes found in Iceland for first time as climate crisis warms country|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/oct/21/mosquitoes-found-iceland-first-time-climate-crisis-warms-country}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi ==

=== Anụ ndị na-eri ibe ha na nje ===
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Beck|first=Kevin|title=What Eats Mosquitoes?|date=November 22, 2019|url=https://sciencing.com/eats-mosquitoes-8568515.html|accessdate=31 May 2021|work=Sciencing|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215704/https://sciencing.com/eats-mosquitoes-8568515.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe anwụnta tolitere etolite pụta n'elu ọdọ mmiri, ụmụ ahụhụ na-eri anụ dị ka Empididae, Dolichopodidae, na ududo na-ejide ma na-eri ha ngwa ngwa. E wezụga nke ahụ, nnụnụ dị ka swifts na swallows, yana anụ na-enye nwa ara dị ka ụsụ, na-achụ ma na-eri anwụnta ndị a mgbe ha na-efe efe n'ikuku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Medlock Snow 2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Medlock|first=J. M.|title=Natural predators and parasites of British mosquitoes–a review|journal=European Mosquito Bulletin|volume=25|issue=1|year=2008|pages=1–11|url=https://e-m-b.myspecies.info/sites/e-m-b.org/files/European_Mosquito_Bulletin_Publications811/EMB25/EMB25_1.pdf|accessdate=15 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E wezụga anụmanụ na-eri ha, anwụnta na-arịawanye ọrịa site na obere ihe ndị dị ndụ na nje dị iche iche. Dị ka ihe atụ, ụmụ ahụhụ hydrachnid, ciliates dị ka Glaucoma, na microsporidians dị ka Thelohania na-amụba n'ahụ ha. E wezụga ha, ụdị fungi dị iche iche sitere na ezinụlọ Saprolegniaceae na Entomophthoraceae na-ebukwa anwụnta ọrịa ma na-egbu ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Medlock Snow 2008&quot; /&gt;

=== Mkpụrụ osisi ===
[[Faịlụ:Mosquito_on_marigold_flower.JPG|thumb|Anụ anwụnta na-eleta okooko osisi marigold maka ihe na-atọ ụtọ]]
Ọtụtụ okooko osisi gụnyere ndị otu Asteraceae, Rosaceae na [[Orchid|Orchidaceae]] na-agbanye site na anwụnta, nke na-eleta iji nweta mmiri shuga. Njikọ osisi ole na ole bụ ndị pụrụ iche maka mmịpụta anwụnta, dị ka ''Platanthera'' orchids nke ụdị ''Aedes'' na-eme mmịpụta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Foster|first=Woodbridge A.|date=2024|title=Mosquito pollination of plants: an overview of their role and an assessment of the possible contribution of disease vectors|journal=[[Transgenic Research]]|volume=33|issue=5|pages=297–322|doi=10.1007/s11248-024-00394-w|pmid=39172353}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na-adọrọ mmasị na okooko osisi site na ọtụtụ semiochemicals dị ka alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, na terpenes. Ha nwekwara ike iji akara ngosi anya gụnyere UV reflectivity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Shannon|first=Danica M|date=2024|title=Mosquito floral visitation and pollination|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214574524000725|journal=Current Opinion in Insect Science|language=en|volume=65|doi=10.1016/j.cois.2024.101230|pmid=38971524|accessdate=25 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anụ anwụnta eletawo ma na-eme ka okooko osisi na-agbasa kemgbe oge Cretaceous. O kwere omume na anwụnta na-amị ọbara na-amịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peach-Gries-2020&quot; /&gt;

=== Ịkpa Onwe Anụ ===
&lt;ref name=&quot;Poulin Randhawa 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Poulin|first=Robert|title=Evolution of parasitism along convergent lines: from ecology to genomics|journal=[[Parasitology (journal)|Parasitology]]|date=February 2015|volume=142|issue=Suppl 1|pages=S6–S15|doi=10.1017/S0031182013001674|pmid=24229807}} {{open access}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ==

=== Ihe ndekọ fossil ===
[[Faịlụ:Culex_malariager_in_Dominican_amber.jpg|alt=Fossilized mosquito encased in amber|thumb|Anụ anwụnta Culex malariager butere nje ịba ''[[Dominican Republic|Dominican]]&quot; id=&quot;mwA2o&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Plasmodium dominicana&quot;&gt;Plasmodium Dominicana'', na amber Dominican nke afọ Miocene, 15-20 nde afọ gara aga &lt;ref name=&quot;Poinar 2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Poinar|first=George|title=Evolutionary History of Terrestrial Pathogens and Endoparasites as Revealed in Fossils and Subfossils|journal=Advances in Biology|volume=2014|date=2014-06-12|doi=10.1155/2014/181353|pages=1–29}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2023 tụrụ aro na Libanoculex intermedius a chọtara na Lebanese amber (sitere n'oge Barremian nke Early Cretaceous, ihe dị ka nde afọ 125 gara aga) bụ anwụnta kacha ochie a maara. Otú ọ dị, a na-arụ ụka n'ezie njirimara ya, ebe ndị nchọpụta ndị ọzọ na-alụ na ọ bụ ụdị chaoborid kama.

=== Nchịkọta ===
There are over 3,700&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: About the mosquito|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/index.html|date=2024|accessdate=8 August 2025|archivedate=7 August 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250807042937/https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; species of mosquitoes; 112 genera have been described. They are traditionally divided into two subfamilies, the Anophelinae and the Culicinae, which carry different diseases. Roughly speaking, protozoal diseases like malaria are transmitted by anophelines, while viral diseases such as yellow fever and dengue fever are transmitted by culicines.&lt;ref name=&quot;Molina-Cruz Lehmann Knöckel 2013 pp. 530–537&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Molina-Cruz|first=Alvaro|title=Could culicine mosquitoes transmit human malaria?|journal=[[Trends in Parasitology]]|volume=29|issue=11|date=2013|doi=10.1016/j.pt.2013.09.003|pages=530–537|pmid=24140295}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye Germany na-amụ banyere ụmụ ahụhụ bụ Johann Wilhelm Meigen webatara aha Culicidae na nhazi nke mpịakọta asaa ya nke e bipụtara na 1818-1838. &lt;ref name=&quot;Meigen 1818&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Meigen|first=Johann Wilhelm|authorlink=Johann Wilhelm Meigen|date=1818–1838|title=Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten|language=de|location=Aachen|publisher=Friedrich Wilhelm Forstmann|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45833#page/9/mode/1up|accessdate=16 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mere ka ụyọkọ ụmụ ahụhụ dị elu na 1901 mgbe onye Bekee na-amụ banyere ụmụ ahụhụ Frederick Vincent Theobald bipụtara akwụkwọ edemede ya nke ise na Culicidae.&lt;ref name=&quot;Theobald1901&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Theobald|first=Frederick Vincent|authorlink=Frederick Vincent Theobald|date=1901|title=A Monograph of the Culicidae, or Mosquitoes|location=London|publisher=[[British Museum (Natural History)]]|url=https://archive.org/details/amonographculic03zoolgoog/page/n3/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nyere ya ihe atụ anwụnta e zigara na British Museum (Natural History)  site na gburugburu ụwa, na ntụziaka nke 1898 nke odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka Colonies, Joseph Chamberlain, onye dere na &quot;n'ihi njikọ nwere ike ịdị na ịba na anwụnta, ọ dị mma inweta ihe ọmụma ziri ezi banyere ụdị anwụnta dị iche iche na ụmụ ahụhụ ndị jikọtara ya na mpaghara okpomọkụ dị iche iche. Ya mere, m ga-arịọ gị ... ka ị nweta nchịkọta nke ụmụ ahụhụ nwere nku na Colony nke ụmụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ ụmụ anụmanụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harbach Kitching 2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Harbach|first=R. E.|date=January 2016|title=The phylogeny of Anophelinae revisited: inferences about the origin and classification of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)|journal=[[Zoologica Scripta]]|volume=45|pages=34–47|url=https://nhm.openrepository.com/handle/10141/612216|doi=10.1111/zsc.12137|accessdate=16 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọdịdị ===

==== N'èzí ====
Anụ anwụnta bụ ndị otu ezinụlọ nke ezi ụmụ ahụhụ (usoro Diptera) : Culicidae (site na Latịn {{Lang|la|culex}}, genitive {{Lang|la|culicis}}, nke pụtara &quot;midge&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;gnat&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;isbn0-398-06179-3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jaeger|first=Edmund C.|authorlink=Edmund Jaeger|title=A Source-Book of Biological Names and Terms|publisher=Thomas|location=Springfield, Ill|year=1959}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha bụ ndị otu Culicomorpha na superfamily Culicoidea. Osisi phylogenetic dabeere na ọrụ FLYTREE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Yeates|first=David K.|title=Phylogeny of True Flies (Diptera): A 250 Million Year Old Success Story in Terrestrial Diversification|url=http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/flytree/flyphylogeny/|work=Flytree|publisher=Illinois Natural History Survey|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228210535/http://inhs.illinois.edu/research/flytree/flyphylogeny/|archivedate=28 December 2015|accessdate=24 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Yeates|first=David K.|title=Phylogeny and systematics of Diptera: Two decades of progress and prospects|year=2007|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=1668|pages=565–590|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.27}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{clade|{{clade 
   |1={{clade 
      |1=[[Ptychopteromorpha]] (phantom and primitive crane-flies) [[File:Ptychoptera contaminata male Walker 1856 plate-XXVIII.png|70px]]
      |label2=[[Culicomorpha]] 
      |2={{clade
         |1=[[Chironomidae]] (non-biting midges) [[File:Chironomus ferrugineovittatus m.png|70px]]
         |2={{clade
            |1=Simulioidea (blackflies and biting midges) [[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 11052 Biting midge on human skin (cropped).jpg|60px]]
            |label2=[[Culicoidea]]
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Dixidae]] (meniscus midges) [[File:Dixa nebulosa adult John Curtis British Entomology 409.png|70px]]
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Corethrellidae]] (frog-biting midges)
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[Chaoboridae]] (phantom midges) [[File:Chaoborus crystallinus male as Corethra plumicornis (Walker Insecta Britanica Vol 3 page 397 plate XXV).png|60px]]
                     |2='''Culicidae''' [[File:Stegomyia fasciata.jpg|100px]]
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   |2={{clade
      |1=other midges and gnats [[File:Isoneuromyia annandalei.jpg|70px]]
      |2=all other flies, inc. [[Brachycera]] [[File:Syrphidae icon.jpg|70px]]
      }}
   }}|style=font-size:100%;line-height:110%;|label1=[[Diptera]]|sublabel1=(true flies)}}Ezinụlọ abụọ nke anwụnta bụ Anophelinae, nke nwere ụdị atọ na ihe dịka ụdị 430, na Culicinae, Nke nwere agbụrụ 11, ụdị 108 na ụdị 3,046. Kyanne Reidenbach na ndị ọrụ ibe ya nyochara phylogenetics nke anwụnta na 2009, na-eji ma DNA nuklia na ọdịdị nke ụdị 26. Ha na-ekwu na Anophelinae gosipụtara na ọ bụ ihe dị n'okpuru, mana akụkụ ndị dị omimi nke osisi ahụ anaghị edozi nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reidenbach Cook Bertone Harbach 2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Reidenbach|first=Kyanne R.|title=Phylogenetic analysis and temporal diversification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) based on nuclear genes and morphology|journal=[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]]|volume=9|issue=1|date=2009|pmid=20028549|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-9-298}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{clade|{{clade
   |1=basal spp.
   |2={{clade
      |label1=[[Anophelinae]] 
      |1=[[File:Anopheles gambiae mosquito feeding 1354.p lores.jpg|125px]]
      |label2=[[Culicinae]] 
      |2={{clade
         |1=other spp.
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Aedini]] [[File:Aedes aegypti feeding (cropped).jpg|125px]]
            |2={{clade
               |1=other spp.
               |2=[[Sabethini]] [[File:Sabethes albiprivus (cropped).jpg|125px]]
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}|style=font-size:100%;line-height:110%;|label1='''Culicidae'''}}

== Mmekọrịta ya na ụmụ mmadụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Anopheles_albimanus_mosquito.jpg|thumb|''Anopheles albimanus'' na-eri nri n'aka mmadụ. Dị ka anwụnta bụ naanị ihe na-ebute [[Iba|ịba]], ịchịkwa ha na-ebelata ọbịbịa ya.]]

=== Ihe ndị na-ebute ọrịa ===
Anụ anwụnta bụ ihe na-ebute ọtụtụ microorganisms na-akpata ọrịa gụnyere nje bacteria, Nje virus, na protozoan parasites. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ 700 na-arịa ọrịa anwụnta kwa afọ, na-akpata ihe karịrị otu nde mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;EBMED2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mosquito as Deadly Menace|url=https://www.pfizer.com/news/articles/mosquito_as_deadly_menace#.Yweo2_DM88I.link|publisher=[[Pfizer]]|accessdate=10 December 2023|archivedate=25 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825170028/https://www.pfizer.com/news/articles/mosquito_as_deadly_menace#.Yweo2_DM88I.link}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Explainer: How climate change is amplifying mosquito-borne diseases|url=https://www.worldmosquitoprogram.org/en/news-stories/stories/explainer-how-climate-change-amplifying-mosquito-borne-diseases|accessdate=2024-06-20|work=World Mosquito Program|date=22 April 2022|archivedate=27 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127042108/https://www.worldmosquitoprogram.org/en/news-stories/stories/explainer-how-climate-change-amplifying-mosquito-borne-diseases}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrịa nje virus na-ebute site na anwụnta na-agụnye yellow fever,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2 014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Yellow fever Fact sheet N°100|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|accessdate=23 February 2014|date=May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219011908/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/|archivedate=19 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[chikungunya]] na dengue fever, niile na-ebufe site na ''Aedes aegypti''.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO 2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241547871_eng.pdf|title=Dengue Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|year=2009|isbn=978-92-4-154787-1|accessdate=2013-08-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC250814&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=BBC News|date=14 August 2025|first=Dominic|author=Hughes|title=UK cases of mosquito-borne virus more than double|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c7419g1l488o|accessdate=14 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrịa parasitic nke anwụnta na-ebute gụnyere [[Iba|ịba]] na lymphatic filariasis. Nje ''[[Plasmodium]]'' nke na-akpata ịba bụ nke anwụnta ''[[Anopheles]]'' na-ebu. Lymphatic filariasis, isi ihe na-akpata elephantiasis, na-agbasa site na ụdị anwụnta dị iche iche. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lymphatic Filariasis|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs102/en/|publisher=[[World Health Organization|World Health Organisation]]|accessdate=24 August 2011|archivedate=5 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505163529/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs102/en/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrịa nje bacteria nke anwụnta ''Culex'' na ''Culiseta'' na-agbasa bụ tularemia.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid21776596&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Muslu|first=H.|title=[Evaluation of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) identified in Manisa province according to their breeding sites and seasonal differences]|language=tr|journal=Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi|volume=35|issue=2|pages=100–104|year=2011|pmid=21776596|doi=10.5152/tpd.2011.25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nchịkwa ===
[[Faịlụ:Mosquito_Netting.jpg|thumb|Nchịkọta anwụnta nwere ike igbochi ndị mmadụ ịta ha mgbe ha na-ehi ụra.]]
A nwalere ọtụtụ usoro maka Nchịkwa anwụnta, gụnyere iwepụ ebe ha na-amụ nwa, iwepụ site na windo windo na ụgbụ anwụnta, nchịkwa nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na nje dịka fungi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/10/science/10mosquito.html|title=Fungus Fatal to Mosquito May Aid Global War on Malaria|date=10 June 2005|work=The New York Times|accessdate=19 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kramer|first=J.P.|title=''Entomophthora culicis'' (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales) as a pathogen of ''adultaedes aegypti'' (diptera, culicidae)|journal=Aquatic Insects|volume=4|issue=2|pages=73–79|year=1982|doi=10.1080/01650428209361085}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nematodes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Shamseldean|first=M.M.|title=''Romanomermis culicivorax'': penetration of larval mosquitoes|journal=[[Journal of Invertebrate Pathology]]|volume=54|issue=2|pages=191–199|date=September 1989|pmid=2570111|doi=10.1016/0022-2011(89)90028-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụ ndị na-eri ibe ha dị ka azụ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Krumholz|first=Louis A.|title=Reproduction in the Western Mosquitofish, ''Gambusia affinis affinis'' (Baird &amp; Girard), and Its Use in Mosquito Control|journal=Ecological Monographs|volume=18|issue=1|year=1948|pages=1–43|doi=10.2307/1948627}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jianguo-Dashu-1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-27870-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html|chapter=Part III: Interactions - 31. A Comparative Study of the Ability of Fish to Catch Mosquito Larva|title=Rice-fish culture in China|isbn=978-1-55250-313-3|year=1995|publisher=International Development Research Centre|first=Wang|author=Jianguo|editor=MacKay}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Fradin|first=M.S.|title=Mosquitoes and mosquito repellents: a clinician's guide|journal=[[Annals of Internal Medicine]]|volume=128|issue=11|pages=931–940|date=June 1998|pmid=9634433|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00013}}&lt;/ref&gt; copepods,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marten|first=G.G.|title=Cyclopoid copepods|journal=Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association|volume=23|issue=2 Suppl|pages=65–92|year=2007|pmid=17853599|doi=10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[65:CC]2.0.CO;2}}&lt;/ref&gt; dragonfly nymphs na ndị okenye, na ụfọdụ ụdị ezé na agụ owuru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Canyon|first=D.V.|title=The gecko: an environmentally friendly biological agent for mosquito control|journal=Medical and Veterinary Entomology|volume=11|issue=4|pages=319–323|date=October 1997|pmid=9430109|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2915.1997.tb00416.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụzọ ọzọ bụ iwebata ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụmụ nwoke na-adịghị amị. &lt;ref name=&quot;twsE44&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Carpenter|first=Jennifer|title=Spermless mosquitoes hold promise to stop malaria|publisher=[[BBC]]|quote=Scientists have created spermless mosquitoes in an effort to curb the spread of malaria.|date=8 August 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14422440|accessdate=5 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa gụnyere enweghị nkwekọrịta cytoplasmic, translocations chromosomal, mgbagwoju anya mmekọahụ na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ nketa, ngwọta a na-ahụ dị ka ihe dị ọnụ ala na nke na-adịghị adabere na mgbochi vector. A tụwo aro ịchịkwa anwụnta na-ebu ọrịa site na iji mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kyrou|first=Kyros Kyrou|title=A CRISPR–Cas9 gene drive targeting ''doublesex'' causes complete population suppression in caged ''Anopheles gambiae'' mosquitoes|journal=Nature Biotechnology|volume=36|issue=11|pages=1062–1066|date=Sep 24, 2018|doi=10.1038/nbt.4245|pmid=30247490|url=http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/64952/11/nbt.4245.pdf|accessdate=September 23, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Michael Le Page|title=Gene tool could halt malaria spread|journal=[[New Scientist]]|date=Sep 29, 2018|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23931974-000-evolution-defying-dna-makes-mosquitoes-infertile-by-changing-their-sex|accessdate=November 2, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe Na-egbochi ===
[[Faịlụ:Insect_repellents_in_Finnish_store.jpg|thumb|Ihe na-egbochi anwụnta (gụnyere coil anwụnta) n'ụlọ ahịa Finland]]
.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.evidenceaid.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Electronic_mosquito_repellents_for_preventing_mosquito_bites_and_malaria_infection.pdf|title=Electronic mosquito repellents for preventing mosquito bites and malaria infection|accessdate=2018-09-19|archivedate=2017-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808175758/http://www.evidenceaid.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Electronic_mosquito_repellents_for_preventing_mosquito_bites_and_malaria_infection.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;A na-etinye ihe na-egbochi ụmụ ahụhụ n'akpụkpọ ahụ iji nweta nchebe pụọ n'ịta anwụnta. Kemịkalụ DEET na-achụpụ anwụnta na ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ n'ụzọ dị mma. Dị ka nhazi CDC si dị, ihe mgbochi ndị ọzọ a na-atụ aro gụnyere picaridin, mmanụ eucalyptus (PMD), na ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535). E wezụga nke ahụ, pyrethrum nke sitere n'osisi Chrysanthemum bụ ihe mgbochi okike sitere na osisi. Agbanyeghị na a na-ere ngwaọrụ eletrọniki na-emepụta ultrasound iji gbochie anwụnta, enweghị nnyocha sitere na EPA ma ọ bụ mahadum gosiri na ngwaọrụ ndị a na-egbochi anwụnta ịta mmadụ n'ezie.

=== Ịta ===
Ịta anw

ụnta na-ebute mmeghachi omume dị iche iche n'akpụkpọ ahụ, nke pụrụ ikpata ahụ erughị ala siri ike ma ma a tụnyere ịta ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ. Ihe na-ebute ụdị mmeghachi omume a bụ ahụ mmadụ ịmụta mgbochigabiga (hypersensitivity) n'ihi protin na-arụ ọrụ n'ime mkpịsị anwụnta.

== Na omenala mmadụ ==

=== Akụkọ ifo ndị Gris ===
[[Faịlụ:Rackham-gnat_and_bull.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise Arthur Rackham nke akụkọ ifo nke &quot;The Bull and the Mosquito&quot;, 1912]]
Akụkọ ifo anụ ọhịa ndị Grik oge ochie gụnyere &quot;Enyí na Anụgbụgbọ&quot; na &quot;Nku na Anụgbọ Anụgbọ&quot;, na omume ọma n'ozuzu na nnukwu anụ ọhịa ahụ anaghị ahụ ọbụna obere, sitere na Mesopotemia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrados1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Adrados|first=Francisco Rodríguez|authorlink=Francisco Rodríguez Adrados|title=History of the Graeco-Latin Fable|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=093Gl8KEktMC&amp;pg=PA324|year=1999|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|isbn=978-90-04-11454-8|accessdate=2016-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akụkọ ifo mmalite ===
Ndị Siberia nwere akụkọ ifo gbasara anwụnta. Otu akụkọ ifo Ostiak na-akọ banyere nnukwu mmadụ na-eri mmadụ, ''Punegus'', onye dike gburu ma ọ gaghị anọgide na-anwụ. Onye dike ahụ mechara gbaa dike ahụ ọkụ, mana ntụ nke ọkụ ahụ ghọrọ anwụnta na-aga n'ihu na-ata ahụhụ. Akụkọ ifo ndị ọzọ sitere na ndị Yakut, Goldes (Ndị Nanai), na Samoyed nwere ahụhụ sitere na ntụ ma ọ bụ iberibe nke ụfọdụ nnukwu ihe e kere eke ma ọ bụ mmụọ ọjọọ. Akụkọ ndị yiri nke a chọtara n'akụkọ ifo ndị North America, na anwụnta sitere na ntụ nke onye na-eri mmadụ, na-atụ aro mmalite otu. Ndị Tatar nke Altai nwere ụdị nke otu akụkọ ifo ahụ, nke gụnyere iberibe nnukwu onye nwụrụ anwụ, ''Andalma-Muus'', na-aghọ anwụnta na ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ.

Lafcadio Hearn na-ekwu na na Japan, a na-ahụ anwụnta dị ka reincarnations nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ, ndị njehie nke ndụ ha gara aga katọrọ na ọnọdụ nke ''Jiki-ketsu-gaki'', ma ọ bụ &quot;ihe na-aṅụ ọbara&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hearn|first=Lafcadio|authorlink=Lafcadio Hearn|chapter=Mosquitoes|title=Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things|publisher=[[Dover Publications]]|origdate=1968|year=2020|isbn=978-1-4209-6751-7|pages=72–74}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Oge Ọgbara Ọhụrụ ===
[[Faịlụ:Winsor_McCay_(1912)_How_a_Mosquito_Operates.webm|thumbtime=00:36|alt=Silent animated black-and-white film of a giant mosquito drinking blood from a sleeping man.|thumb|''How a Mosquito Operates'' (1912)]]
Ihe nkiri Winsor McCay nke 1912 How a Mosquito Operates bụ otu n'ime ọrụ mbụ nke animation. A kọwawo ya dị anya karịa oge ya na nkà na ụzụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Webster|first=Chris|title=Action Analysis for Animators|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jylUYRFfcywC|year=2012|publisher=[[Focal Press]]|isbn=978-0-240-81218-2|accessdate=2022-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-egosi nnukwu anwụnta na-emekpa nwoke na-ehi ụra ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Canemaker|first=John|authorlink=John Canemaker|title=Winsor McCay: His Life and Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vs82AQAAIAAJ|year=2005|publisher=[[Abrams Books]]|isbn=978-0-8109-5941-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụgbọ mmiri iri na abụọ nke Royal Navy bu aha HMS Mosquito ma ọ bụ ụdị ochie nke aha ahụ, HMS ''Musquito'' . 

de Havilland Mosquito bụ ụgbọ elu na-agba ọsọ nke e mepụtara n'etiti 1940 na 1950, ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=De Havilland Mosquito|url=http://www.aviation-history.com/dehavilland/mosquito.html|publisher=The Aviation History Online Museum|accessdate=21 November 2015|archivedate=11 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111050938/http://www.aviation-history.com/dehavilland/mosquito.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Obodo Russia nke Berezniki na-eme emume anwụnta ya kwa afọ site na 17th nke July ruo 20th na asọmpi &quot;nwa agbọghọ kachasị mma&quot;. N'asọmpi ahụ, ụmụ nwanyị na-eguzo maka nkeji iri abụọ na uwe mkpụmkpụ na uwe mkpuchi (British: vests), onye na-enweta ọtụtụ ihe na-emeri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-33525015|title=Russia: Mosquitoes honoured at annual festival|work=BBC News|date=July 14, 2015|accessdate=5 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-etinye Agịga sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke Mosquito proboscis na imewe Biomimetic maka iji ya mee ihe na ọgwụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gurera|first=Dev|title=Lessons from mosquitoes' painless piercing|journal=Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials|date=August 2018|volume=84|pages=178–187|doi=10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.025|pmid=29793155}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Li|first=Annie D. R.|title=Mosquito proboscis-inspired needle insertion to reduce tissue deformation and organ displacement|journal=Scientific Reports|date=22 July 2020|volume=10|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-68596-w|pmid=32699296}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Ihe odide ==
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      <text bytes="45787" sha1="dkswi8x2piact9rmp0o33l7le3x7zq2" xml:space="preserve">'''Anụ anwụnta (nke sitere na ezinụlọ ''Culicidae'')''' bụ obere ahụhụ nwere ihe dị ka ụdị 3,600 dị iche iche. Ahụ ha siri gịrịgịrị, nke e kewaara ekewa, nwee nku abụọ, ụkwụ gbatịrị ogologo, na proboscis pụrụ iche e ji amị ihe. Anwụnta niile na-eri mmiri ara okooko osisi, mana ụmụ nwanyị nke ọtụtụ ụdị ha amụtala ịṅụ ọbara.

Ha gbasara nke ukwuu n'ụwa n'oge Cretaceous. N'ihe gbasara sayensị, ndị ọkà mmụta Ihe Ndụ na-ele anwụnta anya dị ka ''micropredators''—obere anụmanụ na-aṅụ ọbara anụmanụ ka ukwuu n'egbughị ha ozugbo. Mgbe nke ahụ na-eme, ndị ọkachamara na-amụ maka ọrịa na-ahụ ha dị ka ndị na-ebufe nje (vectors), sị otu a na-esi n'otu onye gaa n'ozor na-agbasa protozoa, bacteria, ma ọ bụ virus.

Ihe e ji amara usoro ndụ anwụnta bụ ọkwa anọ pụrụ iche: àkwà, larva, pupa, na anwụnta tolitere etolite. Mgbe anwụnta yịrị àkwà n'elu mmiri, ha na-aghọ ụmụ ahụhụ na-agagharị agagharị (larvae) nke na-eri ahịhịa mmiri na ihe ndị mepụrụ emepụ. Ụmụ larva ndị a bụ nri dị mkpa nye anụmanụ mmiri dị ka azụ, ụmụ dragonfly, na ụfọdụ nnụnụ. Mgbe ha tolitere, ụmụ nwanyị nke ọtụtụ ụdị anwụnta na-eji ọnụ ha pụrụ iche ama ahụ anụmanụ dị iche iche iji ṅụọ ọbara ha, nke bụ sọosọ ihe na-eme ka ha nwee ike ịyị àkwà.

Mgbe anwụnta gbara mmadu, ọ na-agba nsị ya n'ahụ onye ahụ, nke na-ebutekarị ọzịza na itching. E wezụga nke ahụ, ụmụ anwụnta ndị na-aṅụ ọbara na-enwere ike ịmịrị nje na-ebute ọrịa mgbe ha gbara onye bu ya, ma nwee ike ibuba ya n'ahụ onye ọzọ. Ihe atụ nke ọrịa ndị a gụnyere ọrịa parasites dị ka ịba na filariasis, gbaknyere ọrịa arbovirus dị ka yellow fever na dengue fever. N'ihi oké mgbasa nke ọrịa ndị a site n’anwụnta, ha na-egbu ihe karịrị otu nde mmadụ n'ụwa niile kwa afọ.

== Nkọwa na ndụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Mosquito_Life-Cycle.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|frameless]]
Usoro ndụ anwụnta nwere ọkwa anọ pụrụ iche: àkwá, igurube (larva), pupụ, na anwụnta toro eto. Ọkwa atọ mbụ na-eme kpamkpam n'ime mmiri kwụ otu ebe, ebe a na-etinye àkwá ha. Mgbe àkwá ndị ahụ pụtara dị ka igurube, ha na-eri nri, na-eto, wee gbanwee ghọọ pupae. N'ikpeazụ, anwụnta tolitere etolite na-apụta site na pupa ahụ mgbe ọ na-ese n'elu mmiri. N'ozuzu, anwụnta tolitere etolite na-adị ndụ site n'otu izu ruo otu ọnwa, n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ ụdị na- enwere ike ịnọ n'ọnọdụ izu ike (diapause) wee gafere oge oyi..

=== Ndị toro eto ===
Anwụnta bụ obere ụmụ ahụhụ nwere ahụ dị gịrịgịrị nke na-adịkarị ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ oji, nwere ogologo sitere na milimita 3 ruo 6. Ha nwere otu nku abụọ dị warara, nwere scaly na ha, yana ogologo ụkwụ. Mgbe anwụnta na-ezu ike, ha na-etinyekarị ụkwụ ha nke mbụ gawa n'akụkụ. Anwụnta Anopheles nwere ike ife gaa n'ihu ruo kilomita 12 n'otu abalị n'agbụghị nkwụsị. Ụmụ nwoke na-eti nku ha ugboro 450 ruo 600 n'otu sekọnd site n'ike uru ahụ ha. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ obere ahụhụ, dị ka ụdị Aedes, ụdị ụfọdụ dị ka Toxorhynchites nwere ike itolite n'ogologo ahụ na nku nke ka ukwuu n'ezie.

&lt;ref name=&quot;UF/IFAS A. gambiae&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=African malaria mosquito|url=https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/aquatic/Anopheles_gambiae.htm|publisher=[[University of Florida]]|accessdate=11 February 2024|archivedate=30 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330125827/https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/aquatic/Anopheles_gambiae.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Anụ anwụnta nwere ike itolite site na àkwá ruo okenye na ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ụbọchị ise, mana ọ nwere ike iwe ihe ruru otu ọnwa.[1] N'isi ụtụtụ ma ọ bụ mgbede, n'ime ụbọchị nke pupating, ndị nwoke na-agbakọta n'ìgwè, na-alụ mgbe ndị nwanyị na-efe efe.[2] Nwanyị ahụ na-alụ naanị otu ugboro n'oge ndụ ya, na-adọrọ mmasị site na pheromones nke nwoke ahụ na-ewepụta.[3][4] N'ime ụdị ndị chọrọ ọbara ka àkwá ahụ too, nke nne na-achọta onye na-elekọta ya ma na-aṅụ ọbara zuru ezu. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-ezu ike ụbọchị abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ iji gbarie nri ahụ ma kwe ka àkwá ya too. Mgbe ahụ, ọ dị njikere itinye àkwá ma megharịa usoro nri na ịtụrụ.[2] Ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ibi ruo izu atọ n'ọhịa, dabere na okpomọkụ, iru mmiri, ikike ha nwere inweta nri ọbara, na izere ịbụ ndị anụ ha na-egbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC Anopheles&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=''Anopheles'' Mosquitoes|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/mosquitoes/|accessdate=December 13, 2023|date=July 16, 2020|archivedate=9 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909055158/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/mosquitoes/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peach-Gries-2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Peach|first=Daniel A. H.|title=Mosquito phytophagy – sources exploited, ecological function, and evolutionary transition to haematophagy|journal=Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata|issue=2|doi=10.1111/eea.12852|year=2019|volume=168|pages=120–136}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; mode=&quot;nolines&quot; heights=&quot;450&quot; widths=&quot;300&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Culex_pipiens_diagram_en.svg|Anatomy of an adult female mosquito
Faịlụ:Aedes_aegypti_E-A-Goeldi_1905.jpg|Adult yellow fever mosquito ''Aedes aegypti'', typical of subfamily Culicinae. Male (left) has bushy antennae and longer palps than female (right)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Àkwá ===
Anwụnta na-enyekarị àkwá ha n'ime mmiri na-agagharịghị agagharị, dị ka ọdọ mmiri, ala apịtị, ma ọ bụ mmiri sọpụrụ n'oghere osisi na n'agbata akwụkwọ osisi bromeliad. Ụdị ụfọdụ na-eyi àkwá ha n'akụkụ mmiri ma ọ bụ n'elu ahịhịa mmiri. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ụfọdụ ụdị pụrụ iche dị ka Opifex fuscus na- amụ n'ime mmiri nnu gbara gburugburu ọdọ, ebe Wyeomyia smithii na-amụ n'ime ogbo osisi pitcher, ebe ụmụ larva ha na-eri ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ mmiri riri n'ebe ahụ.


&lt;ref name=&quot;Amorim Sa Rojas Santos Neto 2022 pp. 631–637&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Amorim|first=J. A.|title=Aquatic Macrophytes Hosting Immature Mansonia (Mansonia) Blanchard, 1901 (Diptera, Culicidae) in Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil|journal=Journal of Medical Entomology|volume=59|issue=2|date=2022-03-16|doi=10.1093/jme/tjab223|pages=631–637|pmid=35043213}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ìgwè àkwá nke ọtụtụ ụdị anwụnta na-apụta n'otu oge, mana àkwá ''Aedes'' na diapause na-apụghị n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma n'ime ogologo oge.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huang Walker Vulule Miller 2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Huang|first=Juan|title=Daily temperature profiles in and around Western Kenyan larval habitats of Anopheles gambiae as related to egg mortality|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=5|issue=1|date=2006|pmid=17038186|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-5-87}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Anopheles_egg_2_(cropped).jpg|''[[Anopheles]]'' eggs with side floats
Faịlụ:Mosquito_egg_SEM.jpg|Electron micrograph of a culicine egg
Faịlụ:Gelege1_(cropped).jpg|''Culex'' egg raft
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Igurube ===
Isi larva anwụnta nhare brọsh ọnụ e ji ama nri, obi buru ibu nke na-enweghị ụkwụ, na afọ e kewaara ekewa. N'ihi na ọ na-eku ume site na siphon dị n'afọ ya, ọ na-apụta n'elu mmiri ugboro ugboro, ebe ọ na-eri ahịhịa mmiri (algae), bacteria, na obere ihe ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ihe sọrọ ya gburugburu, ọ na-agbada n'ala mmiri site n'ịkpụgharị ahụ ya ma ọ bụ iji brọsh ọnụ ya kwagharịa onwe ya. Larva na-agafe ọkwa utolite dị iche iche (instars) ma na-agbanwe akpụkpọ n'oge ọ bụla tupu ọ ghọọ pupa. E wezụga mgbe ha ka dị obere, ụmụ larva Aedes nwere ike iguzogide ebe kpọrọ nkụ, na-abanye n'ọnọdụ izu ike (diapause) ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa ma ọ bụrụ na mmiri ha kporo nkwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huang Walker Vulule Miller 2006&quot; /&gt;&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; mode=&quot;nolines&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot; widths=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:AnophelesLarvaPhoto_CDCHarryWeinburgh_publicdomain.jpg|''[[Anopheles]]'' larva
Faịlụ:Culex_restuans_larva_diagram_en.svg|Anatomy of a ''Culex'' larva
Faịlụ:Culex_sp_larvae.png|''Culex'' larvae plus one pupa
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Pupa ===
Pupa anwụnta nwere isi na obi gwakọtara ọnụ ka cephalothorax, ebe afọ ya pịrị akpị n'okpuru. Pupa a na- enwere ike igwu mmiri nke ọma site n'ịkpụgharị afọ ya. Dị ka larva, ọ na-apụta n'elu mmiri ugboro ugboro iji kụọ ikuku site n'obere opi iku ume abụọ dị n'obi ya. Pupa anaghị eri nri, kama ọ na-ese naanị n'elu mmiri. Mgbe ihe na-eyi ya mgbagwoju anya, ọ na-amụbanye n'ala mmiri site n'ịkpụgharị afọ ya, mana ọ na-eseghachi n'elu n'oge na-adịghị anya. N'ikpeazụ, anwụnta tolitere etolite na-apụta site na pupa ahụ n'elu mmiri wee fepụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;EPA life cycle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mosquito Life Cycle|date=21 February 2013|url=https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/mosquito-life-cycle|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]]|accessdate=12 December 2023|archivedate=19 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219184319/https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/mosquito-life-cycle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; mode=&quot;nolines&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot; widths=&quot;400&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Underwater_view_of_mosquito_pupae_in_standing_water.jpg|Mosquito pupae, shortly before the adults emerged. The head and thorax are fused into the cephalothorax.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ndị toro eto na-enye nri ==

=== Nri ===
[[Faịlụ:Mosquito_Tasmania_crop.jpg|thumb|Nwanyị ''Aedes'' sp. na-eri ọbara sitere n'aka mmadụ. ]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wahid|first=Isra|date=2003|title=Maxillae and mandibles of male mosquitoes and female autogenous mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)|journal=Journal of Medical Entomology|volume=40|issue=2|doi=10.1603/0022-2585-40.2.150|pmid=12693842}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Anụmanụ ndị bi na ya ===
Anwụnt

a na-aṅụ ọbara nwere anụmanụ pụrụ iche ha ka na-ahọrọ ịta, mana ha na-ata anụmanụ anya hụrụ mgbe nri na-anaghị adị mfe. Ụdị anwụnta dị iche iche na-aṅụ ọbara anụ bi n'ala na mmiri (amphibians), anụ na-akpụ akpụ dị ka agwọ, nnụnụ, na anụ na-enye nwa ara (mammals).&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Chironius_scurrulus_(Yasuni)_(cropped)_with_mosquitoes.jpg|Feeding on a snake
Faịlụ:Mosquitoes_vs._Frog_(14555480700)_(cropped).jpg|Feeding on a frog
Faịlụ:JJeffreyApapaneMosquito.jpg|Feeding on a bird
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Ịchọta ndị ọbịa ===
[[Faịlụ:How_to_attract_mosquitoes.svg|thumb|Anụ anwụnta nwanyị na-eri ọbara na-ahụ ndị na-elekọta ha site na iji ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere carbon dioxide, okpomọkụ, na ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche na-esi ísì ụtọ.]]
Ọtụtụ ụdị anwụnta na-achọ nri n'isi ụtụtụ ma ọ bụ mgbede, wee gaa ezumike n'ebe dị jụụ mgbe okpomọkụ ehihie na-arị elu. Agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ ụdị dị ka Asian tiger mosquito na-agagharị ma na-eri nri n'ehihie.

Anwụnta na-eji ọtụtụ njirimara pụrụ iche dị n'ahụ mmadụ wee họrọ onye ha ga-ata, n'ihi na nụrụ ísì CO2 n'ikuku na-akpali ha iji anya na usoro ịnụ ísì ha mewe nchọpụta miri emi. Nnyocha kemịkalụ na-egosi na ndị ahụ ha na-emepụta carboxylic acid n'ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na-adọta anwụnta kachasị. E wezụga nke ahụ, ísì ọsụsọ mmadụ nwere kemịkal pụrụ iche nke na-agwa anwụnta na ọ bụ mmadụ dị nso, ọ bụghị naanị anụmanụ ọ bụla nwere ọbara ọkụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ísì ndị a (VOCs) na-apụta mgbe nje bacteria dị n'akpụkpọ ahụ na-agbari ọsụsọ, ebe ihe dị ka ịdị arọ ahụ, homonụ, mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na nsogbu ahụike na-emekwa ka ísì ahụ onye ọ bụla dị iche. N'ikpeazụ, nje Plasmodium nke na-ebute ịba nwere ike ịgbanwe ísì onye ọrịa site na ime ka ọ mepụta nnukwu kemịkal aldehydes dị ka heptanal, octanal, na nonanal. Mpi anwụnta (antennae) na-achọpụta ísì ndị a ngwa ngwa, nke na-eme ka anwụnta na-akachasị ata ndị e mebiri ahụ site n'ọrịa ịba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Robinson|first=Ailie|date=May 2018|title=Plasmodium -associated changes in human odor attract mosquitoes|journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]]|volume=115|issue=18|pages=E4209–E4218|doi=10.1073/pnas.1721610115|pmid=29666273}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E wezụga ịnụ ísì, anwụnta na-ejikwa anya ha na-achọ onye ha ga-ata site n'ileba anya n'ụdị ụcha dị iche iche. Ha na- enwere mmasị siri ike n'agba nwere ogologo wavelengths, nke na- pụta ìhè dị ka ụcha mmanụ anwụ (oroma) na ọbara ọbara—ụcha ndị pụrụ iche n'akpụkpọ mmadụ n'agbanyeghị ụdị agba anyị nwere. E wezụga nke ahụ, ha na- achọkarị ihe ndị gbara ọchịchịrị na ihe nwere contrast doro anya, n'ihi otú agba ndị a siri na-apụta ìhè mgbe e jiri ha tụnyere ebe ndị na-acha ọkụ n'azụ ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Alonso San Alberto|first=Diego|date=2022-02-04|title=The olfactory gating of visual preferences to human skin and visible spectra in mosquitoes|journal=[[Nature Communications]]|volume=13|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41467-022-28195-x|pmid=35121739}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Culex_mosquito_proboscis.jpg|thumb|Foto microscope eletrọn nke ọnụ nke anwụnta ''Culex'']]
.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;Ụdị anwụnta dị iche iche emepụtala usoro pụrụ iche e ji amata mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ha chọrọ ịta. Nnyocha e mere n'etiti ụdị Aedes aegypti na-ata naanị mmadụ na nke na-ata anụmanụ na-egosi na mmasị ha nwere maka ísì mmadụ sitere na mmụba nke receptor e ji amata kemịkalụ sulcatone n'ísì mmadụ, nke a na-akpọ AaegOr4. Agbanyeghị na anwụnta ịba Anopheles gambiae nwekwara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa OR4 nke sulcatone na-akpali, ha na AaegOr4 enweghị njikọ chiri anya. Nke a na-egosi na ụdị anwụnta abụọ a mụtara ịta mmadụ n'ụzọ dị iche n'onwe ha n'agbanyeghị na ha enweghị otu usoro evolushọn (evolution).

=== Akụkụ ọnụ ===
Akụkụ ọnụ anwụnta nke nwanyị na-amụta nke ọma na ịpịa akpụkpọ ahụ na ịmị ọbara. Ụmụ nwoke na-aṅụ naanị mmiri shuga, ha nwekwara ọnụ ndị na-adịchaghị mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wahid Sunahara Mogi 2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wahid|first=Isra|title=Maxillae and Mandibles of Male Mosquitoes and Female Autogenous Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)|journal=Journal of Medical Entomology|volume=40|issue=2|date=2003-03-01|doi=10.1603/0022-2585-40.2.150|pages=150–158|pmid=12693842}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;NPR mouthparts&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Quirós|first=Gabriela|title=WATCH: Mosquitoes Use 6 Needles To Suck Your Blood|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/07/480653821/watch-mosquitoes-use-6-needles-to-suck-your-blood|publisher=NPR|accessdate=13 December 2023|date=June 7, 2016|archivedate=3 January 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103011402/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/07/480653821/watch-mosquitoes-use-6-needles-to-suck-your-blood}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Choo Buss Tan Leal 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Choo|first=Young-Moo|title=Multitasking roles of mosquito labrum in oviposition and blood feeding|journal=Frontiers in Physiology|volume=6|date=2015-10-29|pmid=26578978|doi=10.3389/fphys.2015.00306}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Zahran Sawires Hamza 2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Zahran|first=Nagwan|title=Piercing and sucking mouth parts sensilla of irradiated mosquito, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) with gamma radiation|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=12|issue=1|date=2022-10-25|pmid=36284127|doi=10.1038/s41598-022-22348-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'èzí, usoro nri doro anya nke anwụnta bụ proboscis, nke nwere egbugbere ọnụ, U-shaped na ngalaba dị ka Mmiri ozuzo, nke na-ekpuchi ụyọkọ (fascicle) nke ọnụ isii na-agbapu ma ọ bụ stylets. Ndị a bụ agbà abụọ, agbà abụọ ahụ, hypopharynx, na labrum. Ọnụ ya na-agbadata n'ime ụta mgbe anwụnta ahụ malitere ịta, na-anọgide na-emetụ akpụkpọ ahụ aka ma na-eduzi stylets ala. A na-ebugharị isi ndị dị nkọ nke labrum na maxillae azụ na n'ihu iji hụ ụzọ ha ga-esi banye n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ, na naanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ike ga-adị mkpa iji banye n'ahụ ahụ na agịga, na-akpata ntinye na-enweghị ihe mgbu.&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; mode=&quot;nolines&quot; heights=&quot;275&quot; widths=&quot;350&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Evolution_of_mosquito_mouthparts.svg|Evolution of mosquito mouthparts, with grasshopper mouthparts (shown both ''in situ'' and separately) representing a more primitive condition. All the mouthparts except the labium are stylets, formed into a fascicle or bundle.
Faịlụ:Feeding_mosquito,_mouthparts_labelled.svg|Mouthparts of a female mosquito while feeding on blood, showing the flexible labium sheath supporting the piercing and sucking tube which penetrates the host's skin
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Mmanụ ala ===
E wezụga nke ahụ, mkpịsị anwụnta (saliva) nwere enzymes dị pụrụ iche nke na-enyere ha aka igbari nri shuga ha na-aṅụ, yana ihe ndị na-egbochi nje (antimicrobial agents) nke na-alụso uto nje bacteria ọgụ n'ime nri shuga ah. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rossignol|first=P.A.|title=Bacteriolytic factor in the salivary glands of Aedes aegypti|journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Comparative Biochemistry|volume=83|issue=4|pages=819–822|year=1986|pmid=3519067|doi=10.1016/0305-0491(86)90153-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mkpịsị anwụnta (saliva) nwere ngwakọta pụrụ iche nke proteins na-enyere ya aka ịṅụ ọbara n'enweghị nsogbu site n'ichetara ma mebie usoro nchekwa ahụ nke anụmanụ ma ọ bụ mmadụ ọ na-ata.

=== Ọganihu àkwá na ịgbari ọbara ===
[[Faịlụ:Anopheles_stephensi.jpeg|thumb|''Anopheles stephensi'' nwanyị na-etinye ọbara ma malite ịfe mmiri na-achọghị iji mee ohere n'ime eriri afọ ya maka ihe ndị ọzọ siri ike.]]
Mgb anwụnta nwanyị aṅụchaa ọbara buru ibu, nri ahụ na-akpali homonụ na-amalite mmepe àkwá n'ahụ ya. Mgbe ọ dọpụtara proboscis ya, eriri afọ ya jupụtara na ọbara na-ewepụta peritrophic membrane nke na-ekpuchi ọbara ahụ ka ọ kewapụ ya n'akụkụ afọ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ọtụtụ ahụhụ na-aṅụ mmiri, anwụnta na-ewepụta mmiri karịrị akarị n'ahụ ya ọbụna mgbe ọ ka na-aṅụ ọbara ahụ, nke na-enyere ya aka ịnakọta naanị protin na ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ na-enweghị ibu mmiri arọ.

== Nbudata ==

=== Ọdịdị Ụwa ===
Anwụnt

a nwere nkesa zuru ụwa ọnụ (cosmopolitans), n'ihi na a na-enweta ha n'ala dum n'ụwa ma e wezụga Antarctica na obere agwaetiti ole na ole.

Àkwá

anwụnta ndị bi n'ebe oyi (temperate regions) na-agụ ike iguzogide oyi karịa àkwá ụdị sitere n'ebe na-ekpo ọkụ (tropics). Ọtụtụ na-aguzogide okpomọkụ dị ala nke ukwuu, ebe ndị tolitere etolite n'ime ụdị ụfọdụ na-alanarị oge oyi site n'izobe n'obere ebe dị jụụ dị ka oghere osisi ma ọ bụ n'ime ụlọ.

=== Mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe ===
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Horton|first=Helena|date=21 October 2025|title=Mosquitoes found in Iceland for first time as climate crisis warms country|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/oct/21/mosquitoes-found-iceland-first-time-climate-crisis-warms-country}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi ==

=== Anụ ndị na-eri ibe ha na nje ===
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Beck|first=Kevin|title=What Eats Mosquitoes?|date=November 22, 2019|url=https://sciencing.com/eats-mosquitoes-8568515.html|accessdate=31 May 2021|work=Sciencing|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215704/https://sciencing.com/eats-mosquitoes-8568515.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe anwụnta tolitere etolite pụta n'elu ọdọ mmiri, ụmụ ahụhụ na-eri anụ dị ka Empididae, Dolichopodidae, na ududo na-ejide ma na-eri ha ngwa ngwa. E wezụga nke ahụ, nnụnụ dị ka swifts na swallows, yana anụ na-enye nwa ara dị ka ụsụ, na-achụ ma na-eri anwụnta ndị a mgbe ha na-efe efe n'ikuku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Medlock Snow 2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Medlock|first=J. M.|title=Natural predators and parasites of British mosquitoes–a review|journal=European Mosquito Bulletin|volume=25|issue=1|year=2008|pages=1–11|url=https://e-m-b.myspecies.info/sites/e-m-b.org/files/European_Mosquito_Bulletin_Publications811/EMB25/EMB25_1.pdf|accessdate=15 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E wezụga anụmanụ na-eri ha, anwụnta na-arịawanye ọrịa site na obere ihe ndị dị ndụ na nje dị iche iche. Dị ka ihe atụ, ụmụ ahụhụ hydrachnid, ciliates dị ka Glaucoma, na microsporidians dị ka Thelohania na-amụba n'ahụ ha. E wezụga ha, ụdị fungi dị iche iche sitere na ezinụlọ Saprolegniaceae na Entomophthoraceae na-ebukwa anwụnta ọrịa ma na-egbu ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Medlock Snow 2008&quot; /&gt;

=== Mkpụrụ osisi ===
[[Faịlụ:Mosquito_on_marigold_flower.JPG|thumb|Anụ anwụnta na-eleta okooko osisi marigold maka ihe na-atọ ụtọ]]
Ọtụtụ okooko osisi gụnyere ndị otu Asteraceae, Rosaceae na [[Orchid|Orchidaceae]] na-agbanye site na anwụnta, nke na-eleta iji nweta mmiri shuga. Njikọ osisi ole na ole bụ ndị pụrụ iche maka mmịpụta anwụnta, dị ka ''Platanthera'' orchids nke ụdị ''Aedes'' na-eme mmịpụta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Foster|first=Woodbridge A.|date=2024|title=Mosquito pollination of plants: an overview of their role and an assessment of the possible contribution of disease vectors|journal=[[Transgenic Research]]|volume=33|issue=5|pages=297–322|doi=10.1007/s11248-024-00394-w|pmid=39172353}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na-adọrọ mmasị na okooko osisi site na ọtụtụ semiochemicals dị ka alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, na terpenes. Ha nwekwara ike iji akara ngosi anya gụnyere UV reflectivity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Shannon|first=Danica M|date=2024|title=Mosquito floral visitation and pollination|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214574524000725|journal=Current Opinion in Insect Science|language=en|volume=65|doi=10.1016/j.cois.2024.101230|pmid=38971524|accessdate=25 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anụ anwụnta eletawo ma na-eme ka okooko osisi na-agbasa kemgbe oge Cretaceous. O kwere omume na anwụnta na-amị ọbara na-amịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peach-Gries-2020&quot; /&gt;

=== Ịkpa Onwe Anụ ===
&lt;ref name=&quot;Poulin Randhawa 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Poulin|first=Robert|title=Evolution of parasitism along convergent lines: from ecology to genomics|journal=[[Parasitology (journal)|Parasitology]]|date=February 2015|volume=142|issue=Suppl 1|pages=S6–S15|doi=10.1017/S0031182013001674|pmid=24229807}} {{open access}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ==

=== Ihe ndekọ fossil ===
[[Faịlụ:Culex_malariager_in_Dominican_amber.jpg|alt=Fossilized mosquito encased in amber|thumb|Anụ anwụnta Culex malariager butere nje ịba ''[[Dominican Republic|Dominican]]&quot; id=&quot;mwA2o&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Plasmodium dominicana&quot;&gt;Plasmodium Dominicana'', na amber Dominican nke afọ Miocene, 15-20 nde afọ gara aga &lt;ref name=&quot;Poinar 2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Poinar|first=George|title=Evolutionary History of Terrestrial Pathogens and Endoparasites as Revealed in Fossils and Subfossils|journal=Advances in Biology|volume=2014|date=2014-06-12|doi=10.1155/2014/181353|pages=1–29}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2023 tụrụ aro na Libanoculex intermedius a chọtara na Lebanese amber (sitere n'oge Barremian nke Early Cretaceous, ihe dị ka nde afọ 125 gara aga) bụ anwụnta kacha ochie a maara. Otú ọ dị, a na-arụ ụka n'ezie njirimara ya, ebe ndị nchọpụta ndị ọzọ na-alụ na ọ bụ ụdị chaoborid kama.

=== Nchịkọta ===
There are over 3,700&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: About the mosquito|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/index.html|date=2024|accessdate=8 August 2025|archivedate=7 August 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250807042937/https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; species of mosquitoes; 112 genera have been described. They are traditionally divided into two subfamilies, the Anophelinae and the Culicinae, which carry different diseases. Roughly speaking, protozoal diseases like malaria are transmitted by anophelines, while viral diseases such as yellow fever and dengue fever are transmitted by culicines.&lt;ref name=&quot;Molina-Cruz Lehmann Knöckel 2013 pp. 530–537&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Molina-Cruz|first=Alvaro|title=Could culicine mosquitoes transmit human malaria?|journal=[[Trends in Parasitology]]|volume=29|issue=11|date=2013|doi=10.1016/j.pt.2013.09.003|pages=530–537|pmid=24140295}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye Germany na-amụ banyere ụmụ ahụhụ bụ Johann Wilhelm Meigen webatara aha Culicidae na nhazi nke mpịakọta asaa ya nke e bipụtara na 1818-1838. &lt;ref name=&quot;Meigen 1818&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Meigen|first=Johann Wilhelm|authorlink=Johann Wilhelm Meigen|date=1818–1838|title=Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten|language=de|location=Aachen|publisher=Friedrich Wilhelm Forstmann|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45833#page/9/mode/1up|accessdate=16 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mere ka ụyọkọ ụmụ ahụhụ dị elu na 1901 mgbe onye Bekee na-amụ banyere ụmụ ahụhụ Frederick Vincent Theobald bipụtara akwụkwọ edemede ya nke ise na Culicidae.&lt;ref name=&quot;Theobald1901&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Theobald|first=Frederick Vincent|authorlink=Frederick Vincent Theobald|date=1901|title=A Monograph of the Culicidae, or Mosquitoes|location=London|publisher=[[British Museum (Natural History)]]|url=https://archive.org/details/amonographculic03zoolgoog/page/n3/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nyere ya ihe atụ anwụnta e zigara na British Museum (Natural History)  site na gburugburu ụwa, na ntụziaka nke 1898 nke odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka Colonies, Joseph Chamberlain, onye dere na &quot;n'ihi njikọ nwere ike ịdị na ịba na anwụnta, ọ dị mma inweta ihe ọmụma ziri ezi banyere ụdị anwụnta dị iche iche na ụmụ ahụhụ ndị jikọtara ya na mpaghara okpomọkụ dị iche iche. Ya mere, m ga-arịọ gị ... ka ị nweta nchịkọta nke ụmụ ahụhụ nwere nku na Colony nke ụmụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ ụmụ anụmanụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harbach Kitching 2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Harbach|first=R. E.|date=January 2016|title=The phylogeny of Anophelinae revisited: inferences about the origin and classification of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)|journal=[[Zoologica Scripta]]|volume=45|pages=34–47|url=https://nhm.openrepository.com/handle/10141/612216|doi=10.1111/zsc.12137|accessdate=16 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọdịdị ===

==== N'èzí ====
Anụ anwụnta bụ ndị otu ezinụlọ nke ezi ụmụ ahụhụ (usoro Diptera) : Culicidae (site na Latịn {{Lang|la|culex}}, genitive {{Lang|la|culicis}}, nke pụtara &quot;midge&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;gnat&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;isbn0-398-06179-3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jaeger|first=Edmund C.|authorlink=Edmund Jaeger|title=A Source-Book of Biological Names and Terms|publisher=Thomas|location=Springfield, Ill|year=1959}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha bụ ndị otu Culicomorpha na superfamily Culicoidea. Osisi phylogenetic dabeere na ọrụ FLYTREE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Yeates|first=David K.|title=Phylogeny of True Flies (Diptera): A 250 Million Year Old Success Story in Terrestrial Diversification|url=http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/flytree/flyphylogeny/|work=Flytree|publisher=Illinois Natural History Survey|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228210535/http://inhs.illinois.edu/research/flytree/flyphylogeny/|archivedate=28 December 2015|accessdate=24 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Yeates|first=David K.|title=Phylogeny and systematics of Diptera: Two decades of progress and prospects|year=2007|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=1668|pages=565–590|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.27}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{clade|{{clade 
   |1={{clade 
      |1=[[Ptychopteromorpha]] (phantom and primitive crane-flies) [[File:Ptychoptera contaminata male Walker 1856 plate-XXVIII.png|70px]]
      |label2=[[Culicomorpha]] 
      |2={{clade
         |1=[[Chironomidae]] (non-biting midges) [[File:Chironomus ferrugineovittatus m.png|70px]]
         |2={{clade
            |1=Simulioidea (blackflies and biting midges) [[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 11052 Biting midge on human skin (cropped).jpg|60px]]
            |label2=[[Culicoidea]]
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Dixidae]] (meniscus midges) [[File:Dixa nebulosa adult John Curtis British Entomology 409.png|70px]]
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Corethrellidae]] (frog-biting midges)
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[Chaoboridae]] (phantom midges) [[File:Chaoborus crystallinus male as Corethra plumicornis (Walker Insecta Britanica Vol 3 page 397 plate XXV).png|60px]]
                     |2='''Culicidae''' [[File:Stegomyia fasciata.jpg|100px]]
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   |2={{clade
      |1=other midges and gnats [[File:Isoneuromyia annandalei.jpg|70px]]
      |2=all other flies, inc. [[Brachycera]] [[File:Syrphidae icon.jpg|70px]]
      }}
   }}|style=font-size:100%;line-height:110%;|label1=[[Diptera]]|sublabel1=(true flies)}}Ezinụlọ abụọ nke anwụnta bụ Anophelinae, nke nwere ụdị atọ na ihe dịka ụdị 430, na Culicinae, Nke nwere agbụrụ 11, ụdị 108 na ụdị 3,046. Kyanne Reidenbach na ndị ọrụ ibe ya nyochara phylogenetics nke anwụnta na 2009, na-eji ma DNA nuklia na ọdịdị nke ụdị 26. Ha na-ekwu na Anophelinae gosipụtara na ọ bụ ihe dị n'okpuru, mana akụkụ ndị dị omimi nke osisi ahụ anaghị edozi nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reidenbach Cook Bertone Harbach 2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Reidenbach|first=Kyanne R.|title=Phylogenetic analysis and temporal diversification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) based on nuclear genes and morphology|journal=[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]]|volume=9|issue=1|date=2009|pmid=20028549|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-9-298}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{clade|{{clade
   |1=basal spp.
   |2={{clade
      |label1=[[Anophelinae]] 
      |1=[[File:Anopheles gambiae mosquito feeding 1354.p lores.jpg|125px]]
      |label2=[[Culicinae]] 
      |2={{clade
         |1=other spp.
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Aedini]] [[File:Aedes aegypti feeding (cropped).jpg|125px]]
            |2={{clade
               |1=other spp.
               |2=[[Sabethini]] [[File:Sabethes albiprivus (cropped).jpg|125px]]
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}|style=font-size:100%;line-height:110%;|label1='''Culicidae'''}}

== Mmekọrịta ya na ụmụ mmadụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Anopheles_albimanus_mosquito.jpg|thumb|''Anopheles albimanus'' na-eri nri n'aka mmadụ. Dị ka anwụnta bụ naanị ihe na-ebute [[Iba|ịba]], ịchịkwa ha na-ebelata ọbịbịa ya.]]

=== Ihe ndị na-ebute ọrịa ===
Anụ anwụnta bụ ihe na-ebute ọtụtụ microorganisms na-akpata ọrịa gụnyere nje bacteria, Nje virus, na protozoan parasites. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ 700 na-arịa ọrịa anwụnta kwa afọ, na-akpata ihe karịrị otu nde mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;EBMED2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mosquito as Deadly Menace|url=https://www.pfizer.com/news/articles/mosquito_as_deadly_menace#.Yweo2_DM88I.link|publisher=[[Pfizer]]|accessdate=10 December 2023|archivedate=25 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825170028/https://www.pfizer.com/news/articles/mosquito_as_deadly_menace#.Yweo2_DM88I.link}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Explainer: How climate change is amplifying mosquito-borne diseases|url=https://www.worldmosquitoprogram.org/en/news-stories/stories/explainer-how-climate-change-amplifying-mosquito-borne-diseases|accessdate=2024-06-20|work=World Mosquito Program|date=22 April 2022|archivedate=27 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127042108/https://www.worldmosquitoprogram.org/en/news-stories/stories/explainer-how-climate-change-amplifying-mosquito-borne-diseases}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrịa nje virus na-ebute site na anwụnta na-agụnye yellow fever,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2 014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Yellow fever Fact sheet N°100|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|accessdate=23 February 2014|date=May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219011908/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/|archivedate=19 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[chikungunya]] na dengue fever, niile na-ebufe site na ''Aedes aegypti''.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO 2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241547871_eng.pdf|title=Dengue Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|year=2009|isbn=978-92-4-154787-1|accessdate=2013-08-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC250814&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|work=BBC News|date=14 August 2025|first=Dominic|author=Hughes|title=UK cases of mosquito-borne virus more than double|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c7419g1l488o|accessdate=14 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrịa parasitic nke anwụnta na-ebute gụnyere [[Iba|ịba]] na lymphatic filariasis. Nje ''[[Plasmodium]]'' nke na-akpata ịba bụ nke anwụnta ''[[Anopheles]]'' na-ebu. Lymphatic filariasis, isi ihe na-akpata elephantiasis, na-agbasa site na ụdị anwụnta dị iche iche. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lymphatic Filariasis|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs102/en/|publisher=[[World Health Organization|World Health Organisation]]|accessdate=24 August 2011|archivedate=5 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505163529/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs102/en/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrịa nje bacteria nke anwụnta ''Culex'' na ''Culiseta'' na-agbasa bụ tularemia.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid21776596&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Muslu|first=H.|title=[Evaluation of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) identified in Manisa province according to their breeding sites and seasonal differences]|language=tr|journal=Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi|volume=35|issue=2|pages=100–104|year=2011|pmid=21776596|doi=10.5152/tpd.2011.25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nchịkwa ===
[[Faịlụ:Mosquito_Netting.jpg|thumb|Nchịkọta anwụnta nwere ike igbochi ndị mmadụ ịta ha mgbe ha na-ehi ụra.]]
A nwalere ọtụtụ usoro maka Nchịkwa anwụnta, gụnyere iwepụ ebe ha na-amụ nwa, iwepụ site na windo windo na ụgbụ anwụnta, nchịkwa nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na nje dịka fungi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/10/science/10mosquito.html|title=Fungus Fatal to Mosquito May Aid Global War on Malaria|date=10 June 2005|work=The New York Times|accessdate=19 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kramer|first=J.P.|title=''Entomophthora culicis'' (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales) as a pathogen of ''adultaedes aegypti'' (diptera, culicidae)|journal=Aquatic Insects|volume=4|issue=2|pages=73–79|year=1982|doi=10.1080/01650428209361085}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nematodes,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Shamseldean|first=M.M.|title=''Romanomermis culicivorax'': penetration of larval mosquitoes|journal=[[Journal of Invertebrate Pathology]]|volume=54|issue=2|pages=191–199|date=September 1989|pmid=2570111|doi=10.1016/0022-2011(89)90028-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụ ndị na-eri ibe ha dị ka azụ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Krumholz|first=Louis A.|title=Reproduction in the Western Mosquitofish, ''Gambusia affinis affinis'' (Baird &amp; Girard), and Its Use in Mosquito Control|journal=Ecological Monographs|volume=18|issue=1|year=1948|pages=1–43|doi=10.2307/1948627}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jianguo-Dashu-1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-27870-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html|chapter=Part III: Interactions - 31. A Comparative Study of the Ability of Fish to Catch Mosquito Larva|title=Rice-fish culture in China|isbn=978-1-55250-313-3|year=1995|publisher=International Development Research Centre|first=Wang|author=Jianguo|editor=MacKay}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Fradin|first=M.S.|title=Mosquitoes and mosquito repellents: a clinician's guide|journal=[[Annals of Internal Medicine]]|volume=128|issue=11|pages=931–940|date=June 1998|pmid=9634433|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00013}}&lt;/ref&gt; copepods,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marten|first=G.G.|title=Cyclopoid copepods|journal=Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association|volume=23|issue=2 Suppl|pages=65–92|year=2007|pmid=17853599|doi=10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[65:CC]2.0.CO;2}}&lt;/ref&gt; dragonfly nymphs na ndị okenye, na ụfọdụ ụdị ezé na agụ owuru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Canyon|first=D.V.|title=The gecko: an environmentally friendly biological agent for mosquito control|journal=Medical and Veterinary Entomology|volume=11|issue=4|pages=319–323|date=October 1997|pmid=9430109|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2915.1997.tb00416.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụzọ ọzọ bụ iwebata ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụmụ nwoke na-adịghị amị. &lt;ref name=&quot;twsE44&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Carpenter|first=Jennifer|title=Spermless mosquitoes hold promise to stop malaria|publisher=[[BBC]]|quote=Scientists have created spermless mosquitoes in an effort to curb the spread of malaria.|date=8 August 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14422440|accessdate=5 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa gụnyere enweghị nkwekọrịta cytoplasmic, translocations chromosomal, mgbagwoju anya mmekọahụ na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ nketa, ngwọta a na-ahụ dị ka ihe dị ọnụ ala na nke na-adịghị adabere na mgbochi vector. A tụwo aro ịchịkwa anwụnta na-ebu ọrịa site na iji mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kyrou|first=Kyros Kyrou|title=A CRISPR–Cas9 gene drive targeting ''doublesex'' causes complete population suppression in caged ''Anopheles gambiae'' mosquitoes|journal=Nature Biotechnology|volume=36|issue=11|pages=1062–1066|date=Sep 24, 2018|doi=10.1038/nbt.4245|pmid=30247490|url=http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/64952/11/nbt.4245.pdf|accessdate=September 23, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Michael Le Page|title=Gene tool could halt malaria spread|journal=[[New Scientist]]|date=Sep 29, 2018|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23931974-000-evolution-defying-dna-makes-mosquitoes-infertile-by-changing-their-sex|accessdate=November 2, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe Na-egbochi ===
[[Faịlụ:Insect_repellents_in_Finnish_store.jpg|thumb|Ihe na-egbochi anwụnta (gụnyere coil anwụnta) n'ụlọ ahịa Finland]]
.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.evidenceaid.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Electronic_mosquito_repellents_for_preventing_mosquito_bites_and_malaria_infection.pdf|title=Electronic mosquito repellents for preventing mosquito bites and malaria infection|accessdate=2018-09-19|archivedate=2017-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808175758/http://www.evidenceaid.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Electronic_mosquito_repellents_for_preventing_mosquito_bites_and_malaria_infection.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;A na-etinye ihe na-egbochi ụmụ ahụhụ n'akpụkpọ ahụ iji nweta nchebe pụọ n'ịta anwụnta. Kemịkalụ DEET na-achụpụ anwụnta na ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ n'ụzọ dị mma. Dị ka nhazi CDC si dị, ihe mgbochi ndị ọzọ a na-atụ aro gụnyere picaridin, mmanụ eucalyptus (PMD), na ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535). E wezụga nke ahụ, pyrethrum nke sitere n'osisi Chrysanthemum bụ ihe mgbochi okike sitere na osisi. Agbanyeghị na a na-ere ngwaọrụ eletrọniki na-emepụta ultrasound iji gbochie anwụnta, enweghị nnyocha sitere na EPA ma ọ bụ mahadum gosiri na ngwaọrụ ndị a na-egbochi anwụnta ịta mmadụ n'ezie.

=== Ịta ===
Ịta anw

ụnta na-ebute mmeghachi omume dị iche iche n'akpụkpọ ahụ, nke pụrụ ikpata ahụ erughị ala siri ike ma ma a tụnyere ịta ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ. Ihe na-ebute ụdị mmeghachi omume a bụ ahụ mmadụ ịmụta mgbochigabiga (hypersensitivity) n'ihi protin na-arụ ọrụ n'ime mkpịsị anwụnta.

== Na omenala mmadụ ==

=== Akụkọ ifo ndị Gris ===
[[Faịlụ:Rackham-gnat_and_bull.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise Arthur Rackham nke akụkọ ifo nke &quot;The Bull and the Mosquito&quot;, 1912]]
Akụkọ ifo anụ ọhịa ndị Grik oge ochie gụnyere &quot;Enyí na Anụgbụgbọ&quot; na &quot;Nku na Anụgbọ Anụgbọ&quot;, na omume ọma n'ozuzu na nnukwu anụ ọhịa ahụ anaghị ahụ ọbụna obere, sitere na Mesopotemia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrados1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Adrados|first=Francisco Rodríguez|authorlink=Francisco Rodríguez Adrados|title=History of the Graeco-Latin Fable|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=093Gl8KEktMC&amp;pg=PA324|year=1999|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|isbn=978-90-04-11454-8|accessdate=2016-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akụkọ ifo mmalite ===
Ndị Siberia nwere akụkọ ifo gbasara anwụnta. Otu akụkọ ifo Ostiak na-akọ banyere nnukwu mmadụ na-eri mmadụ, ''Punegus'', onye dike gburu ma ọ gaghị anọgide na-anwụ. Onye dike ahụ mechara gbaa dike ahụ ọkụ, mana ntụ nke ọkụ ahụ ghọrọ anwụnta na-aga n'ihu na-ata ahụhụ. Akụkọ ifo ndị ọzọ sitere na ndị Yakut, Goldes (Ndị Nanai), na Samoyed nwere ahụhụ sitere na ntụ ma ọ bụ iberibe nke ụfọdụ nnukwu ihe e kere eke ma ọ bụ mmụọ ọjọọ. Akụkọ ndị yiri nke a chọtara n'akụkọ ifo ndị North America, na anwụnta sitere na ntụ nke onye na-eri mmadụ, na-atụ aro mmalite otu. Ndị Tatar nke Altai nwere ụdị nke otu akụkọ ifo ahụ, nke gụnyere iberibe nnukwu onye nwụrụ anwụ, ''Andalma-Muus'', na-aghọ anwụnta na ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ.

Lafcadio Hearn na-ekwu na na Japan, a na-ahụ anwụnta dị ka reincarnations nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ, ndị njehie nke ndụ ha gara aga katọrọ na ọnọdụ nke ''Jiki-ketsu-gaki'', ma ọ bụ &quot;ihe na-aṅụ ọbara&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hearn|first=Lafcadio|authorlink=Lafcadio Hearn|chapter=Mosquitoes|title=Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things|publisher=[[Dover Publications]]|origdate=1968|year=2020|isbn=978-1-4209-6751-7|pages=72–74}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Oge Ọgbara Ọhụrụ ===
[[Faịlụ:Winsor_McCay_(1912)_How_a_Mosquito_Operates.webm|thumbtime=00:36|alt=Silent animated black-and-white film of a giant mosquito drinking blood from a sleeping man.|thumb|''How a Mosquito Operates'' (1912)]]
Ihe nkiri Winsor McCay nke 1912 How a Mosquito Operates bụ otu n'ime ọrụ mbụ nke animation. A kọwawo ya dị anya karịa oge ya na nkà na ụzụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Webster|first=Chris|title=Action Analysis for Animators|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jylUYRFfcywC|year=2012|publisher=[[Focal Press]]|isbn=978-0-240-81218-2|accessdate=2022-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-egosi nnukwu anwụnta na-emekpa nwoke na-ehi ụra ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Canemaker|first=John|authorlink=John Canemaker|title=Winsor McCay: His Life and Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vs82AQAAIAAJ|year=2005|publisher=[[Abrams Books]]|isbn=978-0-8109-5941-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụgbọ mmiri iri na abụọ nke Royal Navy bu aha HMS Mosquito ma ọ bụ ụdị ochie nke aha ahụ, HMS ''Musquito'' . 

de Havilland Mosquito bụ ụgbọ elu na-agba ọsọ nke e mepụtara n'etiti 1940 na 1950, ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=De Havilland Mosquito|url=http://www.aviation-history.com/dehavilland/mosquito.html|publisher=The Aviation History Online Museum|accessdate=21 November 2015|archivedate=11 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111050938/http://www.aviation-history.com/dehavilland/mosquito.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Obodo Russia nke Berezniki na-eme emume anwụnta ya kwa afọ site na 17th nke July ruo 20th na asọmpi &quot;nwa agbọghọ kachasị mma&quot;. N'asọmpi ahụ, ụmụ nwanyị na-eguzo maka nkeji iri abụọ na uwe mkpụmkpụ na uwe mkpuchi (British: vests), onye na-enweta ọtụtụ ihe na-emeri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-33525015|title=Russia: Mosquitoes honoured at annual festival|work=BBC News|date=July 14, 2015|accessdate=5 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-etinye Agịga sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke Mosquito proboscis na imewe Biomimetic maka iji ya mee ihe na ọgwụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gurera|first=Dev|title=Lessons from mosquitoes' painless piercing|journal=Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials|date=August 2018|volume=84|pages=178–187|doi=10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.025|pmid=29793155}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Li|first=Annie D. R.|title=Mosquito proboscis-inspired needle insertion to reduce tissue deformation and organ displacement|journal=Scientific Reports|date=22 July 2020|volume=10|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-68596-w|pmid=32699296}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370311985|Signs and symptoms]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg|alt=A diagram of a human torso labelled with the most common symptoms of an acute HIV infection|thumb|Ihe ịrịba ama (gụnyere Imeju buru ibu na ọkpụkpụ) na mgbaàmà (gụnyere isi ọwụwa na ịgbọ agbọ) nke ọrịa HIV siri ike[[HIV/AIDS|Nje HIV]]]]
'''Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà''' (S / S) bụ ihe na-egosi ọrịa, mmerụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ịrịba ama bụ ihe doro anya na ihe a na-ahụ anya n'èzí, ihe ịrịbaanya bụ ahụmahụ nke onye ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Sadock|first=Benjamin J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubG51n2NgfwC&amp;pg=PA21|title=Kaplan &amp; Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry|date=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-8746-8|language=en|accessdate=6 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe ịrịba ama ahụike bụ ihe doro anya na-egosi na mmadụ nwere ọrịa, mmerụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ nsogbu ahụike nke dọkịta nwere ike ịhụ mgbe ọ na-enyocha onye ọrịa. A na-ahụ ụfọdụ n'ime ha ozugbo site n'anya, dị ka ihe pụtara n'ahụ ma ọ bụ ọnyá, ma ọ bụ site n'ihi ngwa ọrụ ahụike dị ka igwe e ji ege obi ma ọ bụ igwe e ji atụ ọbara mgbali elu. Mgbakọ nke ihe ịrịba ama ndị a na mgbaàmà na-enyere dọkịta aka ịma kpọmkwem ọrịa na-agba mmadụ. Dị ka anya, ihe atụ nke ihe ịrịba ama gụnyere mbọ aka ma ọ bụ mbọ ụkwụ fụrụ afụ, ma ọ bụ mgbe ije mmadụ gbanwere.&lt;ref name=&quot;r465&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Fawcett|first=Robert S.|title=Nail Abnormalities: Clues to Systemic Disease|journal=American Family Physician|volume=69|issue=6|date=2004-03-15|pages=1417–1424|pmid=15053406|url=https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0315/p1417.html|accessdate=2024-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;g049&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nonnekes|first=Jorik|title=Functional gait disorders|journal=Neurology|volume=94|issue=24|date=2020-06-16|issn=0028-3878|doi=10.1212/wnl.0000000000009649|pages=1093–1099|pmid=32482839}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbaàmà ===
&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Measles Signs and Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms.html|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|date=5 November 2020|accessdate=31 December 2020|archivedate=11 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111225954/https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ihe mgbaàmà bụ ihe onye ọrịa n'onwe ya na-enwe ma ọ bụ na-amata n'ahụ ya, dị ka mgbu ma ọ bụ isi ọwụwa. Otú ọ dị, ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike ịga aka na aka; dị ka mgbe mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta ahụ ọkụ (mgbaàmà), dọkịta nwekwara ike iji igwe &quot;thermometer&quot; tụọ ahụ ọkụ ahụ ma dekọọ ya (ihe ịrịba ama). Ogige Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa (CDC) na-eji duzie ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà arụkọ ọrụ iji chọpụta ọrịa dị iche iche—dị ka kịtịkpa, nke na-amalite site na oke ahụ ọkụ, anya mmebi (conjunctivitis), na ụkwara, tupu rashes a na-ahụ anya apụta mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gachara.

=== Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà ===
Ihe mgbaàmà bụ ihe onye ọrịa n'onwe ya na-enwe ma ọ bụ na-amata n'ahụ ya, dị ka mgbu ma ọ bụ isi ọwụwa. Otú ọ dị, ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike ịga aka na aka; dị ka mgbe mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta ahụ ọkụ (mgbaàmà), dọkịta nwekwara ike iji igwe &quot;thermometer&quot; tụọ ahụ ọkụ ahụ ma dekọọ ya (ihe ịrịba ama). Ogige Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa (CDC) na-eji duzie ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà arụkọ ọrụ iji chọpụta ọrịa dị iche iche—dị ka kịtịkpa, nke na-amalite site na oke ahụ ọkụ, anya mmebi (conjunctivitis), na ụkwara, tupu rashes a na-ahụ anya apụta mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gachara.&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of Asymptomatic|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asymptomatic|work=Merriam-Webster|date=26 June 2023|language=en|accessdate=2 March 2021|archivedate=28 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128141843/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asymptomatic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrịa ===
Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà na-abụkarị ndị a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta akọwapụtara, mana njikọta ụfọdụ nwere ike igosi nchọpụta ụfọdụ, na-enyere aka belata ihe nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-ezighị ezi. Otu ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà ndị nwere ike ijikọta ya na nsogbu a maara dị ka ọrịa.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (July 2026)&quot;&gt;medical citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Okwu ndị metụtara ya ==

=== Mgbaàmà ===
Mgbe a na-egosi ọrịa site na '''mgbaàmà''', a na-akpọ ya mgbaàmà. E nwere ọtụtụ ọnọdụ gụnyere ọrịa ndị na-adịghị egosi mgbaàmà ọ bụla, a na-akpọkwa ndị a asymptomatic.

Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike ịdị nro ma ọ bụ sie ike, dị mkpirikpi ma ọ bụ na-adịte aka mgbe ha nwere ike belata (ịlaghachi), ma ọ bụ laghachi (ịlagha ma ọ bụ recrudescence) nke a maara dị ka flare-up. Ọrịa nwere ike igosi mgbaàmà siri ike karị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shiel 2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Shiel|first=William C. Jr.|title=Definition of Flare|work=MedicineNet|date=2019-06-20|url=https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=156154|accessdate=2019-12-21|archivedate=23 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123145648/https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=156154}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eji Okwu &quot;mkpesa isi&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;nsogbu na-apụta ihe&quot; kọwaa isi ihe mere mmadụ ji gaa hụ dọkịta. Ozugbo a ghọtara nke a, dọkịta na-amalite ide akụkọ banyere otu ọrịa ahụ si malite na otu o si gaa n'ihu. Mgbaàmà kacha mkpa nke na-enyere dọkịta aka ịma ọrịa ahụ bụ nke a na-akpọ &quot;nnukwu mgbaàmà&quot;. Otú ọ dị, mgbaàmà ụfọdụ nwere ike ịtụgharị mmadụ uche n'ihi mgbu a na-enwe n'ebe dị iche — dị ka mgbe ubu aka nri na-afu mmadụ ụfụ n'ihi nsogbu sitere na &quot;gall bladder&quot; (akpa anyụ) karịa ka ọ ga-abụ na ọ bụ uru ahụ ubu ahụ nwere nsogbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harrison's&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Norton J.|author=Greenberger|chapter=Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts|editor=Loscalzo|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|date=2022|edition=21st|chapterurl=https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3095&amp;sectionid=264533107}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Prodrome ===
Ọtụtụ ọrịa na-enwe ọkwa mbụ a na-akpọ &quot;prodromal phase&quot;, bụ ebe obere ihe ịrịba ama ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà na-amalite pụta tupu ezigbo ihe mgbaàmà ọrịa ahụ apụta ìhè. Dị ka anya, ọrịa kyọ (measles/mumps) nwere ọkwa prodromal nke na-abịa site na ụkwara, ahụ ọkụ, na obere ntụpọ Koplik n'ime ọnụ. Ọzọkwa, ihe karịrị ọkara nke isi ọwụwa na-enwe oge prodromal a. Ọrịa uche dị ka &quot;schizophrenia&quot; na nsogbu ichefu ihe nke a na-akpọ &quot;dementia&quot; nwekwara ọkwa mbụ a pụtara ìhè na-egosi na ha na-abịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;DSM5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5.|date=2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|location=Arlington, VA|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|pages=99–105|edition=5th}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherman&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Prevalence, neurobiology, and treatments for apathy in prodromal dementia|journal=Int Psychogeriatr|volume=30|issue=2|pages=177–184|date=February 2018|pmid=28416030|doi=10.1017/S1041610217000527}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbaàmà ndị na-abụghị nke a kapịrị ọnụ ===
Mgbaàmà ụfọdụ bụ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ (pathognomic), ya bụ, ha na otu, ọnọdụ ahụike a kapịrị aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bio|first=Massive|date=2025-12-01|title=Pathognomonic|url=https://massivebio.com/pathognomonic-bio/|accessdate=2026-07-12|work=Massive Bio|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Mgbaàmà ndị na-abụghị nke a kapịrị ọnụ'', mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọkwa mgbaàmà ndị na'enweghị isi,  abụghị nke a kapịtara maka otu ọnọdụ. Ha gụnyere ibu ibu na-enweghị nkọwa, isi ọwụwa, ihe mgbu, ike ọgwụgwụ, enweghị agụụ, ọsụsọ abalị, na ahụ erughị ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Morales-Brown|first=Peter|date=19 May 2025|title=What are the 5 stages of infection?|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5-stages-of-infection|accessdate=2026-07-08|work=www.medicalnewstoday.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=8 April 2025|title=Infectious diseases-Infectious diseases - Symptoms &amp; causes - Mayo Clinic|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173|accessdate=2026-07-08|work=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụdị mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ gụnyere:

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=== Ihe ịrịba ama ndị dị mkpa ===
Ihe ịrịba ama bụ ihe ịrịba ama anọ nwere ike inye nyocha ozugbo nke ọrụ ahụ na ọnọdụ ahụike. Ha bụ okpomọkụ, obi, ume, na [[Obara Mgbali elu|ọbara mgbali elu]]. Ogologo nke ọnụọgụ ndị a dịgasị iche na afọ, ịdị arọ, okike na ahụike n'ozuzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ProHealth&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prohealthsys.com/central/assessment/physical-assessment/vital-signs/vital_signs_table/|title=Vital Signs Table – Prohealthsys|date=3 July 2013|accessdate=27 December 2021|archivedate=27 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227194342/https://www.prohealthsys.com/central/assessment/physical-assessment/vital-signs/vital_signs_table/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrịa ndị na-efe efe ===
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Medical Triads|url=https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/medical-triads-232291617/232291617|accessdate=2026-07-12|work=Slideshare}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike na-apụta site n'ìgwè ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà a maara nke ọma. Dị ka otu ha si dị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ, a na-akpọ gbakọtara nke ihe atọ &quot;triad&quot;, nke ihe anọ &quot;tetrad&quot;, ma kpo nke ihe ise &quot;pentad&quot;.


&lt;ref name=&quot;NIDDK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults|work=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=3 March 2021|archivedate=9 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109055457/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ihe atụ nke &quot;triad&quot; (ìgwè ihe atọ) bụ &quot;Meltzer's triad&quot;, nke gụnyere purpura (ihe pụtara n'ahụ dị ka rash), arthralgia (mgbu n'asịrị), na myalgia (mgbu na adịghị ike n'uru ahụ). Ìgwè a na-egosi na mmadụ nwere ọrịa &quot;cryoglobulinemia&quot;. Ọzọkwa, ọrịa &quot;Huntington's disease&quot;—bụ nsogbu na-emebi ụbụrụ na ozi ahụ—na-apụta site na ìgwè ihe atọ metụtara mmegharị ahụ, echiche, na ahụike uche.Mgbe ìgwè ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike igosi otu ọrịa pụrụ iche, a na-akpọ ya &quot;syndrome&quot;. Dị ka anya, &quot;Noonan syndrome&quot; nwere usoro pụrụ iche nke gụnyere otu ihu na ọkpụkpụ ahụ si dị. Otụna, &quot;syndrome&quot; ụfọdụ dị ka &quot;nephrotic syndrome&quot; nwere ike inwe ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche na-akpata ha, nke ma ha niile metụtara nsogbu sitere na akụkụ ahụ e ji enyocha mmiri na ahụ (kidneys).

&lt;ref name=&quot;swan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What does SWAN or being undiagnosed mean? {{!}} SWAN UK|url=https://www.undiagnosed.org.uk/support-information/what-does-swan-or-being-undiagnosed-mean/|work=www.undiagnosed.org.uk|date=22 March 2017|accessdate=3 March 2021|archivedate=12 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612112557/https://www.undiagnosed.org.uk/support-information/what-does-swan-or-being-undiagnosed-mean/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O kwere omume na onye nwere otu ọrịa nwere ike ọ gaghị egosi ihe ịrịba ama na / ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà ọ bụla nke mejupụtara / kọwaa ọrịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Giudicessi|first=John R.|date=January 2013|title=Determinants of incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in heritable cardiac arrhythmia syndromes|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3624763/|journal=Translational Research: The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine|volume=161|issue=1|pages=1–14|doi=10.1016/j.trsl.2012.08.005|issn=1878-1810|pmid=22995932}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe dị mma na ihe na-adịghị mma ===
A na-ekewa mgbaàmà mmetụta n'ụzọ abụọ: mgbaàmà doro anya (&quot;positive symptoms&quot;) na mgbaàmà na-adịghị doro anya (&quot;negative symptoms&quot;). Mgbaàmà doro anya na-apụta mgbe mmetụta mụbara n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, dị ka mgbu ma ọ bụ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, ebe mgbaàmà na-adịghị doro anya na-eme mgbe mmetụta belatara ma ọ bụ kwụsị kpamkpam, dị ka enweghị ike ịnụ ísì. Maka mgbaàmà ndị a belatara ebelata, okwu ahụike &quot;hypoesthesia&quot; na-egosi mbelata mmetụta maka ihe dị nro dị ka imetụ aka, nrụgide, ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ; &quot;anesthesia&quot; pụtara mfu zuru oke nke mmetụta maka ihe siri ike dị ka mgbapu ntụtụ; ebe &quot;hypoalgesia&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;analgesia&quot; na-egosi mfu ma ọ bụ mbelata mmetụta maka mgbu.


N'otu aka ahụ, a na-ekewapụta mgbaàmà n'ime ụdị dị mma (&quot;positive symptoms&quot;) na nke na-adịghị mma (&quot;negative symptoms&quot;) mgbe a na-enyocha nsogbu uche dị ka &quot;schizophrenia&quot;. Mgbaàmà ndị dị mma gụnyere omume ma ọ bụ mmetụta ndị pụtara ìhè n'ihi nsogbu ahụ nke na-adịghị na mmadụ nkịtị—dị ka ịnụ ma ọ bụ ịhụ ihe na-adịghị anya (hallucinations), inwe nkwenye na-abụghị eziokwu (delusions), ma ọ bụ kpasuo agwa na-adịghị mma. N'akụkụ nke ọzọ, mgbaàmà na-adịghị mma na-anọchi anya mbelata ma ọ bụ mfu nke agwa na mmetụta nkịtị mmadụ kwesịrị inwe, dị ka enweghị mmasị n'ihe na-eme gburugburu (apathy) ma ọ bụ enweghị ike inwe ọṅụ n'ihe gbasara ndụ (anhedonia).&lt;ref name=&quot;Understanding Psychosis Fact Sheet&quot;&gt;[http://www.mifa.org.au/sites/www.mifa.org.au/files/documents/164819%20Understanding%20Psychosis.pdf Understanding Psychosis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225041115/http://www.mifa.org.au/sites/www.mifa.org.au/files/documents/164819%20Understanding%20Psychosis.pdf|date=2012-12-25}}, Mental Health Illness of Australia.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọganihu na ọ kwụ otu ebe ===
Mgbaàmà ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ ndị na-apụta ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe udi ha dabere na ihe mmadụ na-eme ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ọ nọ na ya, ebe mgbaàmà ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na-adị otu a mgbe niile n'agbanyeghị ihe na-eme. Dị ka anya, enweghị ike ịnagide mmega ahụ ike na-apụta sọosọ mgbe mmadụ na-emega ahụ, mana ọ na-alaghachi n'amamihe mgbe e zuru ike. N'akụkụ nke ọzọ, adịghị ike nke uru ahụ bụ mgbaàmà na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe sịmbọsị na uru ahụ ga-adịgide n'adịghị ike ma mmadụ zụọ ike ma ọ bụ na ọ zụghị.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tobon|first=Alejandro|date=December 2013|title=Metabolic myopathies|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10563931/|journal=Continuum|volume=19|issue=6 Muscle Disease|pages=1571–1597|doi=10.1212/01.CON.0000440660.41675.06|issn=1538-6899|pmid=24305448}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ ndị nwere ọrịa uru ahụ (myopathies) na-enwe mgbaàmà na-agbanwe agbanwe karịa nke kwụ otu ebe, ebe mmega ahụ na- eweta enweghị ike ịnagide ọrụ, mgbu uru ahụ, na mma nkwonkwo karịa ka ọ ga-abụ ịda mbà kpamkpam. Ndị nwere nsogbu &quot;metabolic myopathy&quot; dị ka ọrịa McArdle (GSD-V) ma ọ bụ ụkọ phosphoglucomutase (CDG1T/GSD-XIV) na-amalite na mbụ inwe erughị ala n'oge mmega ahụ dị nro, mana mgbaàmà ndị a na-ebelata mgbe nkeji 6 ruo 10 gachara n'ihe a na-akpọ &quot;ikuku nke abụọ&quot; (second wind).

=== Neuropsychiatric ===
Mgbaàmà metụtara uche na akwara (neuropsychiatric symptoms) na-apụta n'ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike na-emebi ụbụrụ nke nta nke nta, gụnyere nsogbu ichefu ihe (dementia) na ọrịa Parkinson. Mgbaàmà ndị a na-enwekarị gụnyere enweghị mmasị n'ihe (apathy), nchegbu (anxiety), na ịda mbà n'obi (depression). Mgbaàmà metụtara akwara na ahụike uche na-apụtakwa n'ịgụ ụfọdụ nsogbu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị ka ọrịa Wilson. Ọzọkwa, mgbaàmà nke mbelata ike ịhazi echiche ma ọ bụ ime mkpebi (executive dysfunction) na-adịkarị n'ọrịa dị iche iche, gụnyere schizophrenia na ADHD.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lesh&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia: mechanisms and meaning|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|volume=36|issue=1|pages=316–338|date=January 2011|pmid=20844478|doi=10.1038/npp.2010.156}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brown&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=ADD/ADHD and Impaired Executive Function in Clinical Practice|journal=Current Psychiatry Reports|volume=10|issue=5|pages=407–411|date=October 2008|pmid=18803914|doi=10.1007/s11920-008-0065-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Radiology ===
Ihe ịrịba ama radiology bụ nchọpụta ahụike na-adịghị mma na nyocha foto. Ndị a gụnyere akara Mickey Mouse na akara Golden S. Mgbe ị na-eji ihe oyiyi achọta ihe kpatara mkpesa, enwere ike ịchọta nchọpụta ọzọ na-enweghị njikọ nke a maara dị ka nchọpụta mberede.&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ18&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=O'Sullivan|first=JW|title=Prevalence and outcomes of incidental imaging findings: umbrella review|journal=BMJ|date=18 June 2018|volume=361|doi=10.1136/bmj.k2387|pmid=29914908}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kadinal ===
Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà bụ ndị nwere ike ịbụ nchọpụta, na pathognomonic - nke nchọpụta doro anya. Ọzịza dịka ọmụmaatụ nwere otu ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà, &lt;ref name=&quot;Freire&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Freire|first=Marcelo O.|title=Natural resolution of inflammation|journal=Periodontology 2000|date=October 2013|volume=63|issue=1|pages=149–164|doi=10.1111/prd.12034|pmid=23931059}}&lt;/ref&gt; dị ka ọgba aghara nke bronchitis na-adịghị ala ala, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bsac.org.uk/pyxis/RTI/Chronic%20bronchitis/Chronic%20bronchitis.htm|title=Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis|accessdate=31 December 2020|archivedate=6 April 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060406154131/http://www.bsac.org.uk/pyxis/RTI/Chronic%20bronchitis/Chronic%20bronchitis.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Ọrịa Parkinson.

N'adịghị ka akara pathognomonic, enweghị akara ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà nwere ike iwepu ọnọdụ. A maara nke a site na okwu Latin sine qua non. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enweghị mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa a maara maka ọrịa nketa ga-ewepu ọrịa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lynch&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes: molecular genetics, genetic counseling, diagnosis and management|journal=Fam Cancer|volume=7|issue=1|pages=27–39|date=2008|pmid=17999161|doi=10.1007/s10689-007-9165-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe atụ ọzọ bụ ebe pH nke akụkụ ahụ nwanyị na-erughị 4.5, a ga-ewepu nchọpụta nke nje bacteria.&lt;ref name=&quot;Manka&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mańka|first=Wiktor|title=Wartość oznaczania odczynu treści pochwowej (pH) jako testu przesiewowego bakteryjnego zakażenia pochwy|language=pl|journal=Wiadomosci Lekarskie|date=2002|volume=55|issue=1–2|pages=51–55|pmid=12043316}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmetụta ===
Mmetụta na-akpaghị aka (reflexes) bụ mmeghachi omume ahụ na-eme ngwangwa mgbe ihe kpaliri ya. Mgbe mmeghachi omume a na-adịghị, mgbe ọ belatara, ma ọ bụ mgbe ọ gabigara ókè, ọ nwere ike igosi mmebi na usoro akwara etiti ma ọ bụ usoro akwara dịpụrụ adịpụ. Dị ka anya, na mmeghachi omume ikpere (patellar reflex), mbelata ma ọ bụ mfu ya—bụ nke a na-akpọ &quot;Westphal sign&quot;—na-egosi mmebi nke akwara akwara dị n'okpuru (lower motor neurons), ebe mmeghachi omume gabigara ókè na-egosi mmebi nke akwara akwara dị n'elu (upper motor neurons).

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lanska|first=Douglas|date=2010-04-07|title=Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272851848_Adams_and_Victor's_Principles_of_Neurology|journal=JAMA|volume=303|pages=1311–1315|doi=10.1001/jama.2010.396}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akụkọ ifo ===
A na-ejikọta ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ahụike na ngosipụta ihu ma ọ bụ ọdịdị pụrụ iche a maara dị ka facies.&lt;ref name=&quot;M-W2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of FACIES|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facies|work=Merriam-Webster|accessdate=4 February 2021|language=en|archivedate=10 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210132817/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facies}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu ihe atụ bụ ihu elf nke nwere ọdịdị ihu dị ka nke elf, nke a nwere ike ijikọta ya na Ọrịa Williams ma ọ bụ Ọrịa Donohue. Facies a ma ama bụ ma eleghị anya facies Hippocratic nke a na-ahụ na mmadụ ka ha na-eru nso ọnwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chadwick 1978&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Hippocratic writings|publisher=Penguin|location=Harmondsworth, UK|year=1978|pages=[https://archive.org/details/hippocraticwriti0000hipp/page/170 170–71]|isbn=0-14-044451-3|url=https://archive.org/details/hippocraticwriti0000hipp/page/170}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe ịrịba ama nke anamnestic ===
Ihe ịrịba ama anamnestic (site na ''anamnēstikós'', ἀναμνηστικός, &quot;nke nwere ike icheta uche&quot;) bụ ihe ịrịba ama na-egosi ọnọdụ gara aga, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ahụ mkpọnwụ n'ogwe aka nwere ike igosi ọrịa strok gara aga.&lt;ref name=&quot;King 1982&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=King, Lester S.|authorlink=Lester S. King|title=Medical Thinking: A Historical Preface|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|year=1982|isbn=0-691-08297-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;: 81 

=== Enweghị mgbaàmà ===
Ọrịa ụfọdụ, gụnyere ọrịa kansa na ọrịa, nwere ike ịdị ma ọ nweghị ihe ịrịba ama ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà ma a maara ndị a dị ka ndị na-enweghị mgbaàmà.&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot; /&gt; A gallstone nwere ike ịbụ na-enweghị mgbaàmà ma chọpụta naanị dị ka nchọpụta mberede.&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot; /&gt; Ọrịa nje virus na-agbasa ngwa ngwa dịka COVID-19 nwere ike ịbụ na ọ nweghị mgbaàmà mana ọ ka nwere ike ibute ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Sayampanathan|first=Andrew A.|title=Infectivity of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19|journal=The Lancet|pages=93–94|language=English|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32651-9|date=9 January 2021|volume=397|issue=10269|pmid=33347812}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==

=== Mgbaàmà ===
Okwu ahụ bụ &quot;symptomatology&quot; (nke a na-akpọkwa semiology) sitere n'asụsụ Grik oge ochie, ọ bụkwa ngalaba sayensị ahụike na-amụ maka ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nke ọrịa, gụnyere ihe na-egosi na mmadụ nwere nsogbu ahụike. Okwu ahụ bụ mgbaàmà (&quot;symptom&quot;) na-egosi mgbanwe ma ọ bụ mmebi sitere na otu ahụ ma ọ bụ mmetụta mmadụ si arụ ọrụ mgbe niile. Na mbụ, n'afọ 1670, Henry Stubbe ji okwu &quot;semiotics&quot; kọwaa ọmụmụ ihe a, mana taa, a na-eji &quot;semiotics&quot; eme ihe gbasara ọmụmụ nkwurịta okwu site na akara na ihe ịrịba ama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=semiotics|url=https://csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/semiotics.htm|accessdate=2026-07-12|work=csmt.uchicago.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;King 1982&quot; /&gt;Tupu narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, dọkịta na onye ọrịa na-ahụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe, ebe ọ bụ na ọgwụgwọ dabere na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha abụọ. Mgbe nke ahụ gachara, nghọta otu gbanwere gaa n'usoro nkwekọrịta Sayensị nke ndị nyocha ahụike guzobere. Ọ bụ ezie na dọkịta na onye ọrịa ka na-ahụ otu ihe ịrịba ama ahụ, dọkịta nwere nkọwa doro anya na nghọta hịne nne banyere ihe nchọpụta ahụ pụtara n'ezie n'ahụike, nke onye nkịtị na-amaghị.

=== Mmepe nke nyocha ahụike ===
[[Faịlụ:Laennec_-_Théobald_Chartran.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise nke René Laennec na 1816 site na iji usoro mbụ nke auscultation na nwoke na-arịa [[Ụkwara Nta|ụkwara nta]]]]
Ọtụtụ ọganihu e webatara karịsịa na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nyere ohere maka nyocha ziri ezi site n'aka dọkịta na-achọ nchọpụta na obere mkpa maka ntinye sitere n'aka onye ọrịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jewson 1974&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jewson|first=N. D.|title=Medical Knowledge and the Patronage System in 18th Century England|journal=Sociology|date=September 1974|volume=8|issue=3|pages=369–385|doi=10.1177/003803857400800302}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Jewson 1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jewson|first=N. D.|title=The Disappearance of the Sick-Man from Medical Cosmology, 1770-1870|journal=Sociology|date=May 1976|volume=10|issue=2|pages=225–244|doi=10.1177/003803857601000202}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid3413276&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tsouyopoulos|first=Nelly|title=The Mind-Body Problem in Medicine (The Crisis of Medical Anthropology and its Historical Preconditions)|journal=History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences|date=1988|volume=10|pages=55–74|pmid=3413276}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime narị afọ nke 20, iwebata usoro nyocha dịgasị iche iche na usoro nyocha ndị ọzọ dị ka Nnyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nyocha kemịkal, nchọpụta mkpụrụ ndụ na pathogenomics enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu na ikike nchọpụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Demuth&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Pathogenomics: an updated European Research Agenda|journal=Infection, Genetics and Evolution|volume=8|issue=3|pages=386–93|date=May 2008|pmid=18321793|doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha ==
Ịmata ihe ịrịba ama na ịmara ihe ịrịbaanya nwere ike iduga na nchọpụta. Ma ọ bụghị ya, enwere ike ịme nyocha ahụike ma were akụkọ ahụike. Nnyocha ahụike ndị ọzọ dịka [[Nnyocha ọbara]], scans, na biopsies nwere ike ịdị mkpa. X-ray dịka ọmụmaatụ ga-abụ nchọpụta n'oge na-adịghị anya nke ọkpụkpụ a na-enyo enyo. Enwere ike ịmara ihe dị mkpa a chọpụtara n'oge nyocha ma ọ bụ site na nyocha ahụike dị ka nchọpụta ahụike. &lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=finding|url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/finding|work=The Free Dictionary|accessdate=1 March 2021|archivedate=15 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515152407/https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/finding}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Nlereanya ==
 

== Hụkwa ==
 

* Biomarker (medicine) - Ihe ngosi a na-atụle
* Focal neurologic signs - Nkwarụ na ọrụ nke usoro akwara na-emetụta otu mpaghara nke ahụ

== Ihe odide ==
 
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[[Faịlụ:Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg|alt=A diagram of a human torso labelled with the most common symptoms of an acute HIV infection|thumb|Ihe ịrịba ama (gụnyere Imeju buru ibu na ọkpụkpụ) na mgbaàmà (gụnyere isi ọwụwa na ịgbọ agbọ) nke ọrịa HIV siri ike[[HIV/AIDS|Nje HIV]]]]
'''Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà''' (S / S) bụ ihe na-egosi ọrịa, mmerụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ịrịba ama bụ ihe doro anya na ihe a na-ahụ anya n'èzí, ihe ịrịbaanya bụ ahụmahụ nke onye ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Sadock|first=Benjamin J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubG51n2NgfwC&amp;pg=PA21|title=Kaplan &amp; Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry|date=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-8746-8|language=en|accessdate=6 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe ịrịba ama ahụike bụ ihe doro anya na-egosi na mmadụ nwere ọrịa, mmerụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ nsogbu ahụike nke dọkịta nwere ike ịhụ mgbe ọ na-enyocha onye ọrịa. A na-ahụ ụfọdụ n'ime ha ozugbo site n'anya, dị ka ihe pụtara n'ahụ ma ọ bụ ọnyá, ma ọ bụ site n'ihi ngwa ọrụ ahụike dị ka igwe e ji ege obi ma ọ bụ igwe e ji atụ ọbara mgbali elu. Mgbakọ nke ihe ịrịba ama ndị a na mgbaàmà na-enyere dọkịta aka ịma kpọmkwem ọrịa na-agba mmadụ. Dị ka anya, ihe atụ nke ihe ịrịba ama gụnyere mbọ aka ma ọ bụ mbọ ụkwụ fụrụ afụ, ma ọ bụ mgbe ije mmadụ gbanwere.&lt;ref name=&quot;r465&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Fawcett|first=Robert S.|title=Nail Abnormalities: Clues to Systemic Disease|journal=American Family Physician|volume=69|issue=6|date=2004-03-15|pages=1417–1424|pmid=15053406|url=https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0315/p1417.html|accessdate=2024-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;g049&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nonnekes|first=Jorik|title=Functional gait disorders|journal=Neurology|volume=94|issue=24|date=2020-06-16|issn=0028-3878|doi=10.1212/wnl.0000000000009649|pages=1093–1099|pmid=32482839}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbaàmà ===
&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Measles Signs and Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms.html|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|date=5 November 2020|accessdate=31 December 2020|archivedate=11 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111225954/https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ihe mgbaàmà bụ ihe onye ọrịa n'onwe ya na-enwe ma ọ bụ na-amata n'ahụ ya, dị ka mgbu ma ọ bụ isi ọwụwa. Otú ọ dị, ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike ịga aka na aka; dị ka mgbe mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta ahụ ọkụ (mgbaàmà), dọkịta nwekwara ike iji igwe &quot;thermometer&quot; tụọ ahụ ọkụ ahụ ma dekọọ ya (ihe ịrịba ama). Ogige Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa (CDC) na-eji duzie ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà arụkọ ọrụ iji chọpụta ọrịa dị iche iche—dị ka kịtịkpa, nke na-amalite site na oke ahụ ọkụ, anya mmebi (conjunctivitis), na ụkwara, tupu rashes a na-ahụ anya apụta mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gachara.

=== Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà ===
Ihe mgbaàmà bụ ihe onye ọrịa n'onwe ya na-enwe ma ọ bụ na-amata n'ahụ ya, dị ka mgbu ma ọ bụ isi ọwụwa. Otú ọ dị, ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike ịga aka na aka; dị ka mgbe mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta ahụ ọkụ (mgbaàmà), dọkịta nwekwara ike iji igwe &quot;thermometer&quot; tụọ ahụ ọkụ ahụ ma dekọọ ya (ihe ịrịba ama). Ogige Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa (CDC) na-eji duzie ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà arụkọ ọrụ iji chọpụta ọrịa dị iche iche—dị ka kịtịkpa, nke na-amalite site na oke ahụ ọkụ, anya mmebi (conjunctivitis), na ụkwara, tupu rashes a na-ahụ anya apụta mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gachara.&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of Asymptomatic|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asymptomatic|work=Merriam-Webster|date=26 June 2023|language=en|accessdate=2 March 2021|archivedate=28 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128141843/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asymptomatic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrịa ===
Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà na-abụkarị ndị a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta akọwapụtara, mana njikọta ụfọdụ nwere ike igosi nchọpụta ụfọdụ, na-enyere aka belata ihe nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-ezighị ezi. Otu ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà ndị nwere ike ijikọta ya na nsogbu a maara dị ka ọrịa.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (July 2026)&quot;&gt;medical citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Okwu ndị metụtara ya ==

=== Mgbaàmà ===
Mgbe a na-egosi ọrịa site na '''mgbaàmà''', a na-akpọ ya mgbaàmà. E nwere ọtụtụ ọnọdụ gụnyere ọrịa ndị na-adịghị egosi mgbaàmà ọ bụla, a na-akpọkwa ndị a asymptomatic.

Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike ịdị nro ma ọ bụ sie ike, dị mkpirikpi ma ọ bụ na-adịte aka mgbe ha nwere ike belata (ịlaghachi), ma ọ bụ laghachi (ịlagha ma ọ bụ recrudescence) nke a maara dị ka flare-up. Ọrịa nwere ike igosi mgbaàmà siri ike karị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shiel 2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Shiel|first=William C. Jr.|title=Definition of Flare|work=MedicineNet|date=2019-06-20|url=https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=156154|accessdate=2019-12-21|archivedate=23 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123145648/https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=156154}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eji Okwu &quot;mkpesa isi&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;nsogbu na-apụta ihe&quot; kọwaa isi ihe mere mmadụ ji gaa hụ dọkịta. Ozugbo a ghọtara nke a, dọkịta na-amalite ide akụkọ banyere otu ọrịa ahụ si malite na otu o si gaa n'ihu. Mgbaàmà kacha mkpa nke na-enyere dọkịta aka ịma ọrịa ahụ bụ nke a na-akpọ &quot;nnukwu mgbaàmà&quot;. Otú ọ dị, mgbaàmà ụfọdụ nwere ike ịtụgharị mmadụ uche n'ihi mgbu a na-enwe n'ebe dị iche — dị ka mgbe ubu aka nri na-afu mmadụ ụfụ n'ihi nsogbu sitere na &quot;gall bladder&quot; (akpa anyụ) karịa ka ọ ga-abụ na ọ bụ uru ahụ ubu ahụ nwere nsogbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harrison's&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Norton J.|author=Greenberger|chapter=Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts|editor=Loscalzo|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|date=2022|edition=21st|chapterurl=https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3095&amp;sectionid=264533107}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Prodrome ===
Ọtụtụ ọrịa na-enwe ọkwa mbụ a na-akpọ &quot;prodromal phase&quot;, bụ ebe obere ihe ịrịba ama ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà na-amalite pụta tupu ezigbo ihe mgbaàmà ọrịa ahụ apụta ìhè. Dị ka anya, ọrịa kyọ (measles/mumps) nwere ọkwa prodromal nke na-abịa site na ụkwara, ahụ ọkụ, na obere ntụpọ Koplik n'ime ọnụ. Ọzọkwa, ihe karịrị ọkara nke isi ọwụwa na-enwe oge prodromal a. Ọrịa uche dị ka &quot;schizophrenia&quot; na nsogbu ichefu ihe nke a na-akpọ &quot;dementia&quot; nwekwara ọkwa mbụ a pụtara ìhè na-egosi na ha na-abịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;DSM5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5.|date=2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|location=Arlington, VA|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|pages=99–105|edition=5th}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherman&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Prevalence, neurobiology, and treatments for apathy in prodromal dementia|journal=Int Psychogeriatr|volume=30|issue=2|pages=177–184|date=February 2018|pmid=28416030|doi=10.1017/S1041610217000527}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbaàmà ndị na-abụghị nke a kapịrị ọnụ ===
Mgbaàmà ụfọdụ bụ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ (pathognomic), ya bụ, ha na otu, ọnọdụ ahụike a kapịrị aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bio|first=Massive|date=2025-12-01|title=Pathognomonic|url=https://massivebio.com/pathognomonic-bio/|accessdate=2026-07-12|work=Massive Bio|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Mgbaàmà ndị na-abụghị nke a kapịrị ọnụ'', mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọkwa mgbaàmà ndị na'enweghị isi,  abụghị nke a kapịtara maka otu ọnọdụ. Ha gụnyere ibu ibu na-enweghị nkọwa, isi ọwụwa, ihe mgbu, ike ọgwụgwụ, enweghị agụụ, ọsụsọ abalị, na ahụ erughị ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Morales-Brown|first=Peter|date=19 May 2025|title=What are the 5 stages of infection?|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5-stages-of-infection|accessdate=2026-07-08|work=www.medicalnewstoday.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=8 April 2025|title=Infectious diseases-Infectious diseases - Symptoms &amp; causes - Mayo Clinic|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173|accessdate=2026-07-08|work=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụdị mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ gụnyere:

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=== Ihe ịrịba ama ndị dị mkpa ===
Ihe ịrịba ama bụ ihe ịrịba ama anọ nwere ike inye nyocha ozugbo nke ọrụ ahụ na ọnọdụ ahụike. Ha bụ okpomọkụ, obi, ume, na [[Obara Mgbali elu|ọbara mgbali elu]]. Ogologo nke ọnụọgụ ndị a dịgasị iche na afọ, ịdị arọ, okike na ahụike n'ozuzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ProHealth&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prohealthsys.com/central/assessment/physical-assessment/vital-signs/vital_signs_table/|title=Vital Signs Table – Prohealthsys|date=3 July 2013|accessdate=27 December 2021|archivedate=27 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227194342/https://www.prohealthsys.com/central/assessment/physical-assessment/vital-signs/vital_signs_table/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrịa ndị na-efe efe ===
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Medical Triads|url=https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/medical-triads-232291617/232291617|accessdate=2026-07-12|work=Slideshare}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike na-apụta site n'ìgwè ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà a maara nke ọma. Dị ka otu ha si dị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ, a na-akpọ gbakọtara nke ihe atọ &quot;triad&quot;, nke ihe anọ &quot;tetrad&quot;, ma kpo nke ihe ise &quot;pentad&quot;.


&lt;ref name=&quot;NIDDK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults|work=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=3 March 2021|archivedate=9 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109055457/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ihe atụ nke &quot;triad&quot; (ìgwè ihe atọ) bụ &quot;Meltzer's triad&quot;, nke gụnyere purpura (ihe pụtara n'ahụ dị ka rash), arthralgia (mgbu n'asịrị), na myalgia (mgbu na adịghị ike n'uru ahụ). Ìgwè a na-egosi na mmadụ nwere ọrịa &quot;cryoglobulinemia&quot;. Ọzọkwa, ọrịa &quot;Huntington's disease&quot;—bụ nsogbu na-emebi ụbụrụ na ozi ahụ—na-apụta site na ìgwè ihe atọ metụtara mmegharị ahụ, echiche, na ahụike uche.Mgbe ìgwè ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike igosi otu ọrịa pụrụ iche, a na-akpọ ya &quot;syndrome&quot;. Dị ka anya, &quot;Noonan syndrome&quot; nwere usoro pụrụ iche nke gụnyere otu ihu na ọkpụkpụ ahụ si dị. Otụna, &quot;syndrome&quot; ụfọdụ dị ka &quot;nephrotic syndrome&quot; nwere ike inwe ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche na-akpata ha, nke ma ha niile metụtara nsogbu sitere na akụkụ ahụ e ji enyocha mmiri na ahụ (kidneys).

&lt;ref name=&quot;swan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What does SWAN or being undiagnosed mean? {{!}} SWAN UK|url=https://www.undiagnosed.org.uk/support-information/what-does-swan-or-being-undiagnosed-mean/|work=www.undiagnosed.org.uk|date=22 March 2017|accessdate=3 March 2021|archivedate=12 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612112557/https://www.undiagnosed.org.uk/support-information/what-does-swan-or-being-undiagnosed-mean/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O kwere omume na onye nwere otu ọrịa nwere ike ọ gaghị egosi ihe ịrịba ama na / ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà ọ bụla nke mejupụtara / kọwaa ọrịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Giudicessi|first=John R.|date=January 2013|title=Determinants of incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in heritable cardiac arrhythmia syndromes|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3624763/|journal=Translational Research: The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine|volume=161|issue=1|pages=1–14|doi=10.1016/j.trsl.2012.08.005|issn=1878-1810|pmid=22995932}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe dị mma na ihe na-adịghị mma ===
A na-ekewa mgbaàmà mmetụta n'ụzọ abụọ: mgbaàmà doro anya (&quot;positive symptoms&quot;) na mgbaàmà na-adịghị doro anya (&quot;negative symptoms&quot;). Mgbaàmà doro anya na-apụta mgbe mmetụta mụbara n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, dị ka mgbu ma ọ bụ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, ebe mgbaàmà na-adịghị doro anya na-eme mgbe mmetụta belatara ma ọ bụ kwụsị kpamkpam, dị ka enweghị ike ịnụ ísì. Maka mgbaàmà ndị a belatara ebelata, okwu ahụike &quot;hypoesthesia&quot; na-egosi mbelata mmetụta maka ihe dị nro dị ka imetụ aka, nrụgide, ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ; &quot;anesthesia&quot; pụtara mfu zuru oke nke mmetụta maka ihe siri ike dị ka mgbapu ntụtụ; ebe &quot;hypoalgesia&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;analgesia&quot; na-egosi mfu ma ọ bụ mbelata mmetụta maka mgbu.


N'otu aka ahụ, a na-ekewapụta mgbaàmà n'ime ụdị dị mma (&quot;positive symptoms&quot;) na nke na-adịghị mma (&quot;negative symptoms&quot;) mgbe a na-enyocha nsogbu uche dị ka &quot;schizophrenia&quot;. Mgbaàmà ndị dị mma gụnyere omume ma ọ bụ mmetụta ndị pụtara ìhè n'ihi nsogbu ahụ nke na-adịghị na mmadụ nkịtị—dị ka ịnụ ma ọ bụ ịhụ ihe na-adịghị anya (hallucinations), inwe nkwenye na-abụghị eziokwu (delusions), ma ọ bụ kpasuo agwa na-adịghị mma. N'akụkụ nke ọzọ, mgbaàmà na-adịghị mma na-anọchi anya mbelata ma ọ bụ mfu nke agwa na mmetụta nkịtị mmadụ kwesịrị inwe, dị ka enweghị mmasị n'ihe na-eme gburugburu (apathy) ma ọ bụ enweghị ike inwe ọṅụ n'ihe gbasara ndụ (anhedonia).&lt;ref name=&quot;Understanding Psychosis Fact Sheet&quot;&gt;[http://www.mifa.org.au/sites/www.mifa.org.au/files/documents/164819%20Understanding%20Psychosis.pdf Understanding Psychosis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225041115/http://www.mifa.org.au/sites/www.mifa.org.au/files/documents/164819%20Understanding%20Psychosis.pdf|date=2012-12-25}}, Mental Health Illness of Australia.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọganihu na ọ kwụ otu ebe ===
Mgbaàmà ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ ndị na-apụta ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe udi ha dabere na ihe mmadụ na-eme ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ọ nọ na ya, ebe mgbaàmà ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na-adị otu a mgbe niile n'agbanyeghị ihe na-eme. Dị ka anya, enweghị ike ịnagide mmega ahụ ike na-apụta sọosọ mgbe mmadụ na-emega ahụ, mana ọ na-alaghachi n'amamihe mgbe e zuru ike. N'akụkụ nke ọzọ, adịghị ike nke uru ahụ bụ mgbaàmà na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe sịmbọsị na uru ahụ ga-adịgide n'adịghị ike ma mmadụ zụọ ike ma ọ bụ na ọ zụghị.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tobon|first=Alejandro|date=December 2013|title=Metabolic myopathies|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10563931/|journal=Continuum|volume=19|issue=6 Muscle Disease|pages=1571–1597|doi=10.1212/01.CON.0000440660.41675.06|issn=1538-6899|pmid=24305448}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ ndị nwere ọrịa uru ahụ (myopathies) na-enwe mgbaàmà na-agbanwe agbanwe karịa nke kwụ otu ebe, ebe mmega ahụ na- eweta enweghị ike ịnagide ọrụ, mgbu uru ahụ, na mma nkwonkwo karịa ka ọ ga-abụ ịda mbà kpamkpam. Ndị nwere nsogbu &quot;metabolic myopathy&quot; dị ka ọrịa McArdle (GSD-V) ma ọ bụ ụkọ phosphoglucomutase (CDG1T/GSD-XIV) na-amalite na mbụ inwe erughị ala n'oge mmega ahụ dị nro, mana mgbaàmà ndị a na-ebelata mgbe nkeji 6 ruo 10 gachara n'ihe a na-akpọ &quot;ikuku nke abụọ&quot; (second wind).

=== Neuropsychiatric ===
Mgbaàmà metụtara uche na akwara (neuropsychiatric symptoms) na-apụta n'ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike na-emebi ụbụrụ nke nta nke nta, gụnyere nsogbu ichefu ihe (dementia) na ọrịa Parkinson. Mgbaàmà ndị a na-enwekarị gụnyere enweghị mmasị n'ihe (apathy), nchegbu (anxiety), na ịda mbà n'obi (depression). Mgbaàmà metụtara akwara na ahụike uche na-apụtakwa n'ịgụ ụfọdụ nsogbu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị ka ọrịa Wilson. Ọzọkwa, mgbaàmà nke mbelata ike ịhazi echiche ma ọ bụ ime mkpebi (executive dysfunction) na-adịkarị n'ọrịa dị iche iche, gụnyere schizophrenia na ADHD.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lesh&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia: mechanisms and meaning|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|volume=36|issue=1|pages=316–338|date=January 2011|pmid=20844478|doi=10.1038/npp.2010.156}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brown&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=ADD/ADHD and Impaired Executive Function in Clinical Practice|journal=Current Psychiatry Reports|volume=10|issue=5|pages=407–411|date=October 2008|pmid=18803914|doi=10.1007/s11920-008-0065-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Radiology ===
Ihe ịrịba ama radiology bụ nchọpụta ahụike na-adịghị mma na nyocha foto. Ndị a gụnyere akara Mickey Mouse na akara Golden S. Mgbe ị na-eji ihe oyiyi achọta ihe kpatara mkpesa, enwere ike ịchọta nchọpụta ọzọ na-enweghị njikọ nke a maara dị ka nchọpụta mberede.&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ18&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=O'Sullivan|first=JW|title=Prevalence and outcomes of incidental imaging findings: umbrella review|journal=BMJ|date=18 June 2018|volume=361|doi=10.1136/bmj.k2387|pmid=29914908}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kadinal ===
Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà bụ ndị nwere ike ịbụ nchọpụta, na pathognomonic - nke nchọpụta doro anya. Ọzịza dịka ọmụmaatụ nwere otu ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà, &lt;ref name=&quot;Freire&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Freire|first=Marcelo O.|title=Natural resolution of inflammation|journal=Periodontology 2000|date=October 2013|volume=63|issue=1|pages=149–164|doi=10.1111/prd.12034|pmid=23931059}}&lt;/ref&gt; dị ka ọgba aghara nke bronchitis na-adịghị ala ala, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bsac.org.uk/pyxis/RTI/Chronic%20bronchitis/Chronic%20bronchitis.htm|title=Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis|accessdate=31 December 2020|archivedate=6 April 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060406154131/http://www.bsac.org.uk/pyxis/RTI/Chronic%20bronchitis/Chronic%20bronchitis.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Ọrịa Parkinson.

N'adịghị ka akara pathognomonic, enweghị akara ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà nwere ike iwepu ọnọdụ. A maara nke a site na okwu Latin sine qua non. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enweghị mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa a maara maka ọrịa nketa ga-ewepu ọrịa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lynch&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes: molecular genetics, genetic counseling, diagnosis and management|journal=Fam Cancer|volume=7|issue=1|pages=27–39|date=2008|pmid=17999161|doi=10.1007/s10689-007-9165-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe atụ ọzọ bụ ebe pH nke akụkụ ahụ nwanyị na-erughị 4.5, a ga-ewepu nchọpụta nke nje bacteria.&lt;ref name=&quot;Manka&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mańka|first=Wiktor|title=Wartość oznaczania odczynu treści pochwowej (pH) jako testu przesiewowego bakteryjnego zakażenia pochwy|language=pl|journal=Wiadomosci Lekarskie|date=2002|volume=55|issue=1–2|pages=51–55|pmid=12043316}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmetụta ===
Mmetụta na-akpaghị aka (reflexes) bụ mmeghachi omume ahụ na-eme ngwangwa mgbe ihe kpaliri ya. Mgbe mmeghachi omume a na-adịghị, mgbe ọ belatara, ma ọ bụ mgbe ọ gabigara ókè, ọ nwere ike igosi mmebi na usoro akwara etiti ma ọ bụ usoro akwara dịpụrụ adịpụ. Dị ka anya, na mmeghachi omume ikpere (patellar reflex), mbelata ma ọ bụ mfu ya—bụ nke a na-akpọ &quot;Westphal sign&quot;—na-egosi mmebi nke akwara akwara dị n'okpuru (lower motor neurons), ebe mmeghachi omume gabigara ókè na-egosi mmebi nke akwara akwara dị n'elu (upper motor neurons).

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lanska|first=Douglas|date=2010-04-07|title=Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272851848_Adams_and_Victor's_Principles_of_Neurology|journal=JAMA|volume=303|pages=1311–1315|doi=10.1001/jama.2010.396}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akụkọ ifo ===
A na-ejikọta ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ahụike na ngosipụta ihu ma ọ bụ ọdịdị pụrụ iche a maara dị ka facies.&lt;ref name=&quot;M-W2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of FACIES|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facies|work=Merriam-Webster|accessdate=4 February 2021|language=en|archivedate=10 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210132817/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facies}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu ihe atụ bụ ihu elf nke nwere ọdịdị ihu dị ka nke elf, nke a nwere ike ijikọta ya na Ọrịa Williams ma ọ bụ Ọrịa Donohue. Facies a ma ama bụ ma eleghị anya facies Hippocratic nke a na-ahụ na mmadụ ka ha na-eru nso ọnwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chadwick 1978&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Hippocratic writings|publisher=Penguin|location=Harmondsworth, UK|year=1978|pages=[https://archive.org/details/hippocraticwriti0000hipp/page/170 170–71]|isbn=0-14-044451-3|url=https://archive.org/details/hippocraticwriti0000hipp/page/170}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe ịrịba ama nke anamnestic ===
Ihe ịrịba ama anamnestic (site na ''anamnēstikós'', ἀναμνηστικός, &quot;nke nwere ike icheta uche&quot;) bụ ihe ịrịba ama na-egosi ọnọdụ gara aga, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ahụ mkpọnwụ n'ogwe aka nwere ike igosi ọrịa strok gara aga.&lt;ref name=&quot;King 1982&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=King, Lester S.|authorlink=Lester S. King|title=Medical Thinking: A Historical Preface|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|year=1982|isbn=0-691-08297-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;: 81 

=== Enweghị mgbaàmà ===
Ọrịa ụfọdụ, gụnyere ọrịa kansa na ọrịa, nwere ike ịdị ma ọ nweghị ihe ịrịba ama ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà ma a maara ndị a dị ka ndị na-enweghị mgbaàmà.&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot; /&gt; A gallstone nwere ike ịbụ na-enweghị mgbaàmà ma chọpụta naanị dị ka nchọpụta mberede.&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot; /&gt; Ọrịa nje virus na-agbasa ngwa ngwa dịka COVID-19 nwere ike ịbụ na ọ nweghị mgbaàmà mana ọ ka nwere ike ibute ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Sayampanathan|first=Andrew A.|title=Infectivity of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19|journal=The Lancet|pages=93–94|language=English|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32651-9|date=9 January 2021|volume=397|issue=10269|pmid=33347812}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==

=== Mgbaàmà ===
Okwu ahụ bụ &quot;symptomatology&quot; (nke a na-akpọkwa semiology) sitere n'asụsụ Grik oge ochie, ọ bụkwa ngalaba sayensị ahụike na-amụ maka ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nke ọrịa, gụnyere ihe na-egosi na mmadụ nwere nsogbu ahụike. Okwu ahụ bụ mgbaàmà (&quot;symptom&quot;) na-egosi mgbanwe ma ọ bụ mmebi sitere na otu ahụ ma ọ bụ mmetụta mmadụ si arụ ọrụ mgbe niile. Na mbụ, n'afọ 1670, Henry Stubbe ji okwu &quot;semiotics&quot; kọwaa ọmụmụ ihe a, mana taa, a na-eji &quot;semiotics&quot; eme ihe gbasara ọmụmụ nkwurịta okwu site na akara na ihe ịrịba ama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=semiotics|url=https://csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/semiotics.htm|accessdate=2026-07-12|work=csmt.uchicago.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;King 1982&quot; /&gt;Tupu narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, dọkịta na onye ọrịa na-ahụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe, ebe ọ bụ na ọgwụgwọ dabere na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha abụọ. Mgbe nke ahụ gachara, nghọta otu gbanwere gaa n'usoro nkwekọrịta Sayensị nke ndị nyocha ahụike guzobere. Ọ bụ ezie na dọkịta na onye ọrịa ka na-ahụ otu ihe ịrịba ama ahụ, dọkịta nwere nkọwa doro anya na nghọta hịne nne banyere ihe nchọpụta ahụ pụtara n'ezie n'ahụike, nke onye nkịtị na-amaghị.

=== Mmepe nke nyocha ahụike ===
[[Faịlụ:Laennec_-_Théobald_Chartran.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise nke René Laennec na 1816 site na iji usoro mbụ nke auscultation na nwoke na-arịa [[Ụkwara Nta|ụkwara nta]]]]
Ọtụtụ ọganihu e webatara karịsịa na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nyere ohere maka nyocha ziri ezi site n'aka dọkịta na-achọ nchọpụta na obere mkpa maka ntinye sitere n'aka onye ọrịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jewson 1974&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jewson|first=N. D.|title=Medical Knowledge and the Patronage System in 18th Century England|journal=Sociology|date=September 1974|volume=8|issue=3|pages=369–385|doi=10.1177/003803857400800302}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Jewson 1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jewson|first=N. D.|title=The Disappearance of the Sick-Man from Medical Cosmology, 1770-1870|journal=Sociology|date=May 1976|volume=10|issue=2|pages=225–244|doi=10.1177/003803857601000202}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid3413276&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tsouyopoulos|first=Nelly|title=The Mind-Body Problem in Medicine (The Crisis of Medical Anthropology and its Historical Preconditions)|journal=History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences|date=1988|volume=10|pages=55–74|pmid=3413276}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime narị afọ nke 20, iwebata usoro nyocha dịgasị iche iche na usoro nyocha ndị ọzọ dị ka Nnyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nyocha kemịkal, nchọpụta mkpụrụ ndụ na pathogenomics enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu na ikike nchọpụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Demuth&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Pathogenomics: an updated European Research Agenda|journal=Infection, Genetics and Evolution|volume=8|issue=3|pages=386–93|date=May 2008|pmid=18321793|doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha ==
Ịmata ihe ịrịba ama na ịmara ihe ịrịbaanya nwere ike iduga na nchọpụta. Ma ọ bụghị ya, enwere ike ịme nyocha ahụike ma were akụkọ ahụike. Nnyocha ahụike ndị ọzọ dịka [[Nnyocha ọbara]], scans, na biopsies nwere ike ịdị mkpa. X-ray dịka ọmụmaatụ ga-abụ nchọpụta n'oge na-adịghị anya nke ọkpụkpụ a na-enyo enyo. Enwere ike ịmara ihe dị mkpa a chọpụtara n'oge nyocha ma ọ bụ site na nyocha ahụike dị ka nchọpụta ahụike. 

 
== Hụkwa ==
 

* Biomarker (medicine) - Ihe ngosi a na-atụle
* Focal neurologic signs - Nkwarụ na ọrụ nke usoro akwara na-emetụta otu mpaghara nke ahụ

== Ihe odide ==
 
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