Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 17164 705613 705214 2026-08-25T07:24:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Louise Ozelle Martin''' (ụbọchị 9 ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1911 - rụọ ụbọchị 15 ọnwa Julaị afọ 1995) bụ onye Amerịka na-ese foto nke natara nkwado maka foto ya nke Houston Freedom Riders, Dr. [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr]]., na karịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstoniamag.com/slideshows/2018/2/21/louise-martin-one-allen-center-photograph|title=See Three Decades of Houston Black History in Photos|work=Houstonia|accessdate=29 June 2019}}</ref> A maara ya dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ maka ndị inyom Afrịka-Amerịka na-ese foto. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Martin na Brenham, Texas, nke bụ obere obodo German dị nso na Houston, na mpkuru ubochi 9 n'ọnwa Jenụwarị nke afọ 1911, nne na nna ya bụ Barbara (Harris) Martin, onye na-arụ ọrụ na Vanda Martin, onye nlekọta. nye Vanda Martin na Barbara (Harnis) Martin.<ref name="CHRONICLEmfahSHOW"/><ref name="TSHA"/><ref name="TSHA" /><ref name=":0"/> Ọ malitere inwe mmasị na foto mgbe ọ dị obere n'ihi ịhụnanya ya maka foto, nke nne ya gbara ume. Mgbe Martin dị afọ iri na otu, nne ya zụtara ya igwefoto mbụ ya maka $ 3.98.<ref name=":2"/> Ka ọ na-erule oge ọ bụ nwata na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Martin anọchiwo ụlọ ọrụ na-ese foto ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji ya. Nne Martin gbara ya ume ka ọ mụọ akụ na ụba ụlọ ma ọ bụ nọọsụ na mahadum ndị Ojiị dị n'ógbè ahụ, mana enyeghị ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọ nwere mmasị na ya. Kama nke ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ River Oak ruo mgbe ọ nwere ike ịdebanye aha na Mahadum Denver.<ref name=":2" /> Martin hapụrụ Texas ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ na Chicago n'ihi na kọleji ndị si South nwere iwu ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke na-ekweghị ka ndị isi ojii gaa.<ref name="TSHA" /> Ọ gụrụ foto na Art Institute nke Chicago na American School of Photography . N'afọ 1946, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta na foto na Mahadum Denver School of Photographic Arts and Scientists.<ref name="TSHA" /> Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ bụ naanị nwanyị ojii debanyere aha.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, 1951-|url=https://archive.org/details/viewfindersblack00mout|title=Viewfinders : Black women photographers|date=1986|publisher=Dodd, Mead|isbn=0396086098|edition=1st|location=New York|oclc=12419808}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum Denver, Martin rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto n'onwe ya. Ọ na-ese foto nke ndị agha, ka Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ mere ka ọchịchọ maka foto nke ndị ọrụ. Ọrụ Martin na Denver mere ka ọ sonye na Rocky Mountain Association na mbido afọ 1950. N'afọ 1952, ọ sonyeere Southwestern Photographers Convention dị ka naanị onye isi ojii. Ihe ịga nke ọma ya na Southwestern Photographers Convention mere ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Texas Professional Photographers Association, Professional Photographists of America, Southwest Professional Photographer Association, na Business and Professional Women Association. A maara ya maka iji ọkụ na nkà ya n'ịtụgharị foto. == Ọrụ == Ka oge na-aga, ọ kwagara Houston, Texas. Na Houston, ọ lụrụ Uriete Boze, onye na-ebu ụgbọ okporo ígwè.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Trotty|first=Sarah|title=Martin, Louise Ozelle|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fmara|work=TSHAOnline.org|publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]|accessdate=28 March 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFTrotty">Trotty, Sarah. [https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fmara "Martin, Louise Ozelle"]. ''TSHAOnline.org''. [[Texas State Historical Association]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|author=Rust|first=Carol|date=15 Jan 1995|title=IN THOSE DAYS/Louise Martin Crossed Paths with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at the Beginning, and at the End, of His Career: [2 STAR Edition].|work=Houston Chronicle}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRust1995">Rust, Carol (15 January 1995). "IN THOSE DAYS/Louise Martin Crossed Paths with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at the Beginning, and at the End, of His Career: [2 STAR Edition]". ''Houston Chronicle''.</cite></ref> Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ha lụsịrị, ha gbara alụkwaghịm, ebe ọ chọrọ ka ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ, ọ raara onwe ya nye ọrụ ya. Na Houston, Martin nwetara ọtụtụ mmata na ihe ịga nke ọma na foto. N'afọ 1946, o guzobere ụlọ ọrụ Louise Martin Art, nke na-eje ozi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị isi ojii nke Houston, ụlọ ụka, na ụwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke gara Houston.<ref name=":3"/> Martin mere atụmatụ na ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ndị ahịa ya bụ ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-30|title=Louise O. Martin|url=https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/louise-o-martin|accessdate=2021-11-19|work=International Center of Photography|language=en|archivedate=2021-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119034922/https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/louise-o-martin}}</ref> A maara ya dị ka "Houston's Society Photographer".<ref name="TSHA">{{Cite web|title=TSHA {{!}} Martin, Louise Ozelle|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/martin-louise-ozelle|work=www.tshaonline.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/martin-louise-ozelle "TSHA | Martin, Louise Ozelle"]. ''www.tshaonline.org''.</cite></ref><ref name="ICP"/> Martin rụrụ ọrụ maka Houston Forward Times na Houston Informer, akwụkwọ akụkọ Black Houston abụọ. Martin sere foto nke ndị ama ama, ugboro ugboro ka ha na-agafe Houston gụnyere John F. Kennedy, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, Coretta Scott King, Marian Anderson, na Jesse Jackson<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-30|title=[Coretta Scott King]|url=https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/objects/coretta-scott-king|accessdate=2021-11-19|work=International Center of Photography|language=en|archivedate=2021-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119034919/https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/objects/coretta-scott-king}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=July 14, 1995|title=Acclaimed photographer Martin dies|work=Houston Chronicle}}</ref> N'afọ 1968, Foward Times na Informer zigara Marin na Funeral nke Martin Luther King Jr., ebe ọ bụ naanị nwanyị Afrịka-Amerịka na-ese foto.<ref name="CHRONICLEmfahSHOW">{{Cite web|author=Glentzer|first=Molly|date=1 April 2016|title=The MFAH exhibits art from its African-American collection|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/theater/article/The-MFAH-exhibits-art-from-its-African-American-7223350.php|work=Houston Chronicle}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGlentzer2016">Glentzer, Molly (1 April 2016). [https://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/theater/article/The-MFAH-exhibits-art-from-its-African-American-7223350.php "The MFAH exhibits art from its African-American collection"]. ''Houston Chronicle''.</cite></ref> Foto ya na foto ya nke Coretta Scott King mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama na mba. Ọtụtụ n'ime foto olili ozu ya ka ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nwetara, gụnyere International Center of Photography na Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, ụfọdụ n'ime ha pụtara na Life ''Magazine''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=TSHA {{!}} Martin, Louise Ozelle|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/martin-louise-ozelle|accessdate=2021-11-19|work=www.tshaonline.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/martin-louise-ozelle "TSHA | Martin, Louise Ozelle"]. ''www.tshaonline.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref>. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 1970, Martin enwetala onyinye 27 na foto.<ref name=":0"/> Ọ bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ maka ụmụ nwanyị na-ese foto n'Afrịka. Martin nwụrụ n'ọnwa Julaị 15, afọ 1995, n'ụlọ ya nke atọ.<ref name="TSHA"/> E liri ya na Willow Grove Cemetery na Brenham. A gụnyere ọrụ ya na nchịkọta nke Museum of Fine Arts Houston, na International Center of Photography.<ref name="MFAH">{{Cite web|title=Louise Ozell Martin: Martin Luther King's Funeral, Atlanta|url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/9011/martin-luther-kings-funeral-atlanta|work=mfah.org}}</ref><ref name="ICP">{{Cite web|date=30 October 2019|title=Louise O. Martin|url=https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/louise-o-martin?all/all/all/all/0|work=International Center of Photography|language=en|accessdate=23 June 2022|archivedate=29 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829033715/https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/louise-o-martin?all/all/all/all/0}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''International Center of Photography''. 30 October 2019.</cite></ref> o4pby0p5a7wh0jrolcr2be042eb4xmu 0 17258 705608 128694 2026-08-25T01:15:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} John T. Scott (ubochí irí atọ n'ọnwa Juun, 1940 rụo ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Septemba, 2007) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe, onye na-ese foto, onye na'ebi akwụkwọ, ónyé na na-ese collagist, na MacArthur Fellow.<ref name="MacArthur">{{Cite web|url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/477/|title=John T. Scott – MacArthur Foundation|work=macfound.org|accessdate=12 August 2018}}</ref> Ọrụ Scott na-ejikọta abstraction na usoro nke ógè a na-etinye aka na nka ọdịnala Africa na isiokwu Panafrican. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Scott n'ugbo dị na Gentilly, mpaghara akụkọ ihe méré eme nke New Orleans, Louisiana. Mgbè ọ dị afọ asaa, ezinụlọ ya kwagara na Lower Ninth Ward.<ref name="times">{{Cite web|title=John T. Scott, 67; New Orleans artist known for his sculptures|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/sep/10/local/me-scott10|publisher=Associated Press, LA Times|accessdate=July 24, 2012}}</ref> Nná ya bụ ónyé ọkwọ ụgbọala na onye na-esi nri na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ. Scott kwuru na ọzụzụ nka ya malitere n'ụlọ ebe ọ mụtara ịkpa ákwà n'aka nné ya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/04/arts/design/04scott.html|title=John T. Scott, New Orleans Sculptor Dies at 67|author=Cotter|first=Holland|date=September 14, 2007|work=The New York Times|accessdate=April 6, 2016}}</ref> A zụlitere Scott na Katọlik.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Powell|first=Richard J.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57342192|title=Circle dance: the art of John T. Scott|date=2005|publisher=New Orleans Museum of Art|others=John Tarrell Scott, New Orleans Museum of Art|isbn=1-57806-773-1|edition=|location=New Orleans|oclc=57342192}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ na enyemaka == Mgbè ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ gàrà Mahadum Xavier nke Louisiana na New Orleans wee nweta nzere Bachelor of Arts. Ọ natara nzèrè Master of Fine Arts na Mahadum Michigan State dị na East Lansing, Michigan na 1965 ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru ónyé na-ese ihe Charles Pollock.<ref name=":0"/> Mgbè nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ laghachiri Xavier ebe ọ kụziri ihe ruo afọ iri anọ. N'afọ 1983, Scott natara onyinye iji mụọ ihe n'okpuru ónyé na-ese ihe a ma ama n'ụwa niile bụ George Rickey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leh.org/art-of-john-scott/|title=The Art of John T. Scott|date=September 2007|work=Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities|accessdate=April 6, 2016|archivedate=April 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414040529/http://www.leh.org/art-of-john-scott/}}</ref> N'afọ 1995, Scott natara Doctor of Humanities site na Mahadum Michigan State na Doctor of Human Sciences site na Machị Tulane na New Orleans n'afọ 1997. N'afọ 1992, e nyèrè ya MacArthur Grant (nke a makwaara dị ka "Genius Grant") site na John D. na Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.<ref name="MacArthur"/> O jiri ego ahụ wuo ụlọ ọrụ buru ibu. == Ọrụ na ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Stony_Brook_Dance_at_Ruggles_station,_July_2021.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Stony Brook Dance, ọrụ 1989 na ọdụ Ruggles na Boston]] A maara Scott nke ọma màkà ịmepụta nnukwu ihe osise osisi na màkà ihe osise ya nke African-Caribbean-New Orleans. N'afọ 2005, ọ bụ isiokwu nke nnukwu ihe ngosi na New Orleans Museum of Art nke akpọrọ "Circle Dance: The Art of John T. Scott".<ref name="leh">{{Cite web|title=LEH Opens John T. Scott Exhibit|url=http://www.leh.org/john_scott_art/johnscott_front.html|publisher=Louisiana Endowment for Humanities|accessdate=July 24, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801104449/http://www.leh.org/john_scott_art/johnscott_front.html|archivedate=August 1, 2012}}</ref> E nyekwara Scott ọrụ ịmepụta ọtụtụ iberibe ndị a na-etinye n'ọbọdọ New Orleans. Ọrụ ọha na eze ndị a na New Orleans gụnyere Spirit Gates na New Orleans Museum of Art na Spirit House na DeSaix Circle (na St. Bernard na Gentilly Boulevards) na Seventh Ward na River Spirit na Woldenberg Park n'akụkụ Osimiri Mississippi dị nso na Port of New Orleans.<ref name="stunda">{{Cite web|author=Stunda|first=Hilary|title=Playing It Straight, Upside-Down, and Backwards: A Conversation With John Scott|url=http://www.sculpture.org/documents/scmag04/oct04/scott/scott.shtml|publisher=Sculptor.org|accessdate=July 24, 2012}}</ref> E hotara Scott ka ọ na-ekwu na ọ gbalịrị ijide egwu nke New Orleans na agba na ụda nke ihe ọkpụkpụ ya.<ref name="ppp">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14162048|title=New Orleans Native Sculptor John T. Scott Dies (4 September 2007)|accessdate=23 February 2010}}</ref> == Isiokwu == Ọrụ Scott na-egosipụtakarị isiokwu ndị metụtara ndụ ndị Africa na America, ọkachasị ọdịbendị Afro-Caribbean bara ọgaranya na ihe nketa egwu nke New Orleans. Otu n'ime ihe atụ kachasị mma nke ụdị a bụ ihe ọkpụkpụ ya a na-akpọ <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ocean Song' nke dị na Woldenberg Park (New Orleans). Scott kwuru na mgbaaka ndị dị n'elu ihe ahụ a tụrụ atụ na-anọchite ányá ịgba egwú gbụrụ-gbúrụ nke ndị ohu na-agakarị Congo Square na-eme.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nola.com/175years/index.ssf/2012/02/john_t_scott_the_times-picayun.html|title=John T. Scott: The Times-Picayune Celebrates 175 Years of New Orleans History|author=MacCash|first=Doug|date=February 1, 2012|work=Times-Picayune|accessdate=April 6, 2016}}</ref> A makwaara ya màkà iji ihe dị iche iche na-ewu ihe osise ya, dị ka ọla nchara a kpụrụ akpụ, eriri ọla dị nro nke waya na osisi siri ike gbagọrọ agbagọ iji mepụta ihe ọkpụkpụ na-akpali akpali.<ref>Lewis, Samella S. African American Art and artist, Revised and Expanded Edition (Berkeley:University of California Press March 2013)</ref> == Nchịkọta == A na-egosipụta ọrụ John T. Scottish n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide gụnyere: * Ogden Museum of Southern Art (New Orleans) * Ebe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Steeti Louisiana na Shaw Center for the Arts (Baton Rouge, Louisiana) * Nchịkọta Amistad Research Center na Mahadum Tulane (New Orleans) * Nchịkọta Blanche na Norman C. Francis na Mahadum Xavier nke Louisiana (New Orleans) * Mahadum Loyola (New Orleans) * Ebe ngosi nka mara mma (Houston, Texas) * Kọleji Scripps (Claremont, California)<ref>[http://rcwg.scrippscollege.edu/blog.2008/05/13/john-t-scott/ Recent acquisitions: John T. Scott in Scripps College]</ref> * The Smithsonian American Art Museum (Washington D.C.) [https://americanart.si.edu/artist/john-scott-6571] * Mahadum Fisk (Nashville, Tennessee) * Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities (New Orleans)<ref name="leh"/> * Baltimore Museum of Art (Baltimore, MD)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/arts/bs-fe-bma-sells-artworks-20180413-story.html|title=Baltimore Museum of Art to sell works by masters such as Andy Warhol, will aim to improve artist diversity|author=McCauley|first=Mary Carole|work=The Baltimore Sun|accessdate=14 May 2018}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == Scott gbapụrụ New Orleans obere ógè tupu ajọ ifufe Katrina adaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2005 wee biri na Houston, Texas. Ọ nwụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ Metọdist dị na Houston mgbè ọ natara transplant abụọ abụọ na ogologo ọgụ ya na fibrosis nke akpa ume.<ref name="aaa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nola.com/archives/t-p/index.ssf?/base/entertainment-0/114991943455480.xml&coll=1|title=Sculptor John T. Scott fights for his life (4 September 2007)|accessdate=23 February 2010}}</ref> Ihe ngosi a na-akpọ "Beyond Black" nke gosipụtara Ed Clark, Eugene J. Martin na John T. Scott meghere na LSU Museum of Art, Shaw Center for the Arts, Baton Rouge, LA, ubochí irí abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị na úbọchị asatọ n'ọnwa Mee, 2011. McKenna Museum of African-American Art na New Orleans kwadoro ihe ngosi ụtụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2014 dị ka ihe ngosi Satellite Prospect.3+.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The McKenna Museum of African-American Art|url=http://www.themckennamuseum.com/#!2014/cvq9|work=The McKenna Museum of African-American Art|accessdate=18 November 2015|archivedate=7 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107161907/http://www.themckennamuseum.com/#!2014/cvq9}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ihe osise * MacArthur Fellowship Ndị natara 1992 * Mahadum Xavier nke Louisiana * Ọ dị nro, New Orleans * Ogige nke itoolu nke New Orleans == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://leh.org Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100304235629/http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/5aa/5aa313.htm John T. Scottish 2005 Retrospective na NOMA] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100113080008/http://tfaoi.com/aa/5aa/5aa323.htm Circle Dance: The Art of John T. Scott nke Richard J. Powell dere] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/04/arts/design/04scott.html Obituary nke J.T. Scott site na Holland Cotter na The New York Times] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090514014554/http://blog.nola.com/times-picayune/2007/09/renowned_no_artist_john_t_scot.html Onye omenkà N.O. a ma ama bụ John T. Scott nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 67] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232835/http://www.myneworleans.com/Louisiana-Life/Winter-2007/John-T-Scott/ John T. Scott nke John R. Kemp dere] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511091957/http://blog.nola.com/dougmaccash/2008/04/somewhere_in_sculpture_heaven.html N'ebe ụfọdụ n'eluigwe ihe a tụrụ atụ, John T. Scott na-amụmụ ọnụ ọchị site na Doug McCash] * [http://www.nola.com/arts/index.ssf/2009/11/view_a_video_of_john_t_scotts.html Ihe osise nke John T. Scott: Lee vidiyo site na Doug MacCash, The Times-Picayune] * [http://arthurrogergallery.com/?s=john+scott Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke John T. Scott na Arthur Roger Gallery] 4b1thuk2fu41fn09evqh3b69r5o8jjo 0 19181 705600 632119 2026-08-24T17:12:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Greta Tintin Eleonora Ernman Thunberg''' (amụrụ na 3 [[Jenụwarị]] [[2003]]) bụ onye [[Sweden]] na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke a maara maka ịma ndị isi ụwa aka ime ihe ozugbo maka ibelata mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-48018034/climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-listen-to-climate-scientists|title=It's an existential crisis. Listen to scientists|date=23 April 2019|work=BBC|access-date=31 August 2019|archive-date=14 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814200923/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-48018034/climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-listen-to-climate-scientists|url-status=live}}</ref> Mgbalị Thunberg malitere mgbe ọ mere ka ndị mụrụ ya kwenye ka ha na-ahọrọ ụdị ndụ nke belatara akara ukwu carbon nke ha. N'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 2018, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, ọ malitere nọrọ ụbọchị Fraịde ya n'èzi Swedish nzuko omeiwu iji kpọọ oku ka ike site n'ijide akara e dere Skolstrejk for climate (School strike for climate). Thunberg nwetara ọkwa na mbụ maka ntorobịa ya na ụzọ ọ na-ekwu okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ,<ref name="NEWS-SBS(2019-04-25)">{{Cite news|date=25 April 2019|title='Is my English OK?': Greta Thunberg's blunt speech to UK MPs|work=SBS News|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/is-my-english-ok-greta-thunberg-s-blunt-speech-to-uk-mps|url-status=live|access-date=30 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830044705/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/is-my-english-ok-greta-thunberg-s-blunt-speech-to-uk-mps|archive-date=30 August 2019}}</ref> ma n'ihu ọha yana ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọgbakọ, ebe ọ na-akatọ ndị isi ụwa maka ọdịda ha emeghị ihe ọ chere na ọ bụ ihe zuru oke iji lebara nsogbu nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe anya.<ref name="NEWS-France24(2019-01-25)">{{Cite news|last=Nordstrom|first=Louise|date=25 January 2019|title=The Swedish teen holding world leaders accountable for climate change|publisher=[[France 24]]|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190125-swedish-teenager-greta-thunberg-hold-world-leaders-accountable-climate-change|url-status=live|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902162731/https://www.france24.com/en/20190125-swedish-teenager-greta-thunberg-hold-world-leaders-accountable-climate-change|archive-date=2 September 2019}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ tinyere aka na ngagharị iwe yiri nke ahụ na mpaghara nke ha. Ha jikọrọ aka haziri ngagharị iwe ihu igwe nke ụlọ akwụkwọ n'okpuru aha Fraịde maka Ọdịnihu. Mgbe Thunberg kwuchara okwu na ọgbakọ 2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference, ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme kwa izu ebe n'ụwa. N'afọ 2019, enwere ọtụtụ ngagharị iwe ọtụtụ obodo achịkọtara nke gụnyere ihe karịrị otu nde ụmụ akwụkwọ ọ bụla.<ref name="NEWS-Time(2019-05-24)">{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/5595365/global-climate-strikes-greta-thunberg/ |title=Students From 1,600 Cities Just Walked Out of School to Protest Climate Change. It Could Be Greta Thunberg's Biggest Strike Yet |last=Haynes |first=Suyin |date=24 May 2019 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723164619/https://time.com/5595365/global-climate-strikes-greta-thunberg/ |archive-date=23 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Iji zere ụgbọ elu carbon-intensive, Thunberg ji ụgbọ mmiri gaa North America, ebe ọ gara 2019 UN Climate Action Summit. Okwu ya n'ebe ahụ, nke o kwuru "Olee otu ị ga-esi mee ka ị ghara ịlụ ọgụ?", bụ nke ndị nta akụkọ nabatara n'ọtụtụ ebe ma tinye ya na egwu.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Weise|first=Elizabeth|title='How dare you?' Read Greta Thunberg's emotional climate change speech to UN and world leaders|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2019/09/23/greta-thunberg-tells-un-summit-youth-not-forgive-climate-inaction/2421335001/|access-date=11 December 2020|work=USA TODAY|archive-date=30 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130122356/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2019/09/23/greta-thunberg-tells-un-summit-youth-not-forgive-climate-inaction/2421335001/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What I learned about writing from reading Greta Thunberg's speech to the U.N. |last=Clark |first=Roy Peter |website=Poynter |date=15 October 2019 |url= https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2019/what-i-learned-about-writing-from-reading-greta-thunbergs-speech-to-the-u-n/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712030853/https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2019/what-i-learned-about-writing-from-reading-greta-thunbergs-speech-to-the-u-n/|archive-date=12 July 2022|url-status=live}} An analysis of the effectiveness of Thunberg's "How Dare You" speech.</ref> Ọ na-asụ Bekee nke ọma, ọtụtụ n'ime mmekọrịta ọha na eze ya bụ n'asụsụ Bekee. Mmụba mberede ya n'ụwa niile mere ka ọ bụrụ onye ndu n'etiti ndị na-eme ihe ike<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Wallace-Wells |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/09/greta-thunberg-climate-change-movement.html |title=It's Greta's World |work=[[Intelligencer (website)|Intelligencer]]|date=17 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929204853/http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/09/greta-thunberg-climate-change-movement.html|archive-date=29 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> na onye ndị nkatọ na-elekwasi anya,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/24/world/europe/greta-thunberg-davos-protest.html?searchResultPosition=4|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=24 January 2020|title=Greta Thunberg Joins Climate March on Her Last Day in Davos|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519193850/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/24/world/europe/greta-thunberg-davos-protest.html?searchResultPosition=4|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ọkachasị n'ihi ọnọdụ ntorobịa ya. [[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ akọwaala mmetụta ya n'ụwa dị ka "mmetụta Greta".<ref name="NEWS-Guardian(2019-04-23)">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/apr/23/greta-thunberg |title=The Greta Thunberg effect: at last, MPs focus on climate change |last=Watts |first=Jonathan |date=23 April 2019 |work=The Guardian |access-date=30 August 2019|issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828192832/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/apr/23/greta-thunberg |archive-date=28 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ natara ọtụtụ nsọpụrụ na onyinye, nke gụnyere Fellowship nke Royal Scottish Geographical Society, itinye ya na ndị 100 kachasị emetụta Time, ịbụ onye kachasị nta n'ime ndị Time nke Afọ, itinye ya n'ime ndepụta Forbes nke The World's 100 Most Powerful Women (2019),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/|title=World's Most Powerful Women|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920073036/https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/|archive-date=20 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> na nhọpụta maka Nobel Peace Prize na 2019, 2020, na 2021.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Reuters]]|title=Climate activist Thunberg heads growing field of Nobel Peace Prize candidates|date=26 February 2020|last=Solsvik|first=Terje|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nobel-prize-peace/climate-activist-thunberg-heads-growing-field-of-nobel-peace-prize-candidates-idUSKCN20K2HK|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324151247/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nobel-prize-peace/climate-activist-thunberg-heads-growing-field-of-nobel-peace-prize-candidates-idUSKCN20K2HK|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nobel21">{{Cite news |title=Opinion: This year's Nobel Peace Prize should've gone to Greta Thunberg |last=Read |first=Rupert |newspaper=The Independent |date=9 October 2021 |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/greta-thunberg-nobel-peace-prize-climate-b1935328.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712030410/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/greta-thunberg-nobel-peace-prize-climate-b1935328.html|archive-date=12 July 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ndụ mmalite== A mụrụ Thunberg na 3 Jenụwarị 2003, na [[Stockholm]], Sweden<ref>{{cite news |url=https://arcticportal.org/ap-library/news/2110-greta-thunberg-s-climate-campaig |title=Greta Thunberg's climate campaign |publisher=Arctic Portal |date=21 February 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920191729/https://arcticportal.org/ap-library/news/2110-greta-thunberg-s-climate-campaig |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sympatico.ca/actualites/decouvertes/a-15-ans-elle-remet-les-dirigeants-mondiaux-a-leur-place-1.8622552 |title=À 15 ans, elle remet les dirigeants mondiaux à leur place! |date=13 December 2018 |access-date=20 September 2019 |publisher=Sympatico |language=fr |author-last=Lobbe |trans-title=At 15, she's putting world leaders in their place! |author-first=Anne-Marie |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318132406/http://www.sympatico.ca/actualites/decouvertes/a-15-ans-elle-remet-les-dirigeants-mondiaux-a-leur-place-1.8622552 |archive-date=18 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>, nwa nwanyị nke onye na-agụ egwu opera aha ya bụ Malena Ernman na onye na-eme ihe nkiri aha ya bụ Svante Thunberg. Nna nna ya bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nduzi Olof Thunberg.<ref name="Democracy Now"/><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Hattenstone|first=Simon|date=25 September 2021|title=Greta Thunberg: 'I really see the value of friendship. Apart from the climate, almost nothing else matters'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2021/sep/25/greta-thunberg-i-really-see-the-value-of-friendship-apart-from-the-climate-almost-nothing-else-matters|access-date=26 February 2022|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> O nwere nwanne nwanyị ọ tọrọ, Beata. Thunberg kwuru na ọ nụrụ banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe n'afọ 2011, mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ, ọ pụghịkwa ịghọta ihe mere na a na-eme obere ihe banyere ya.<ref name="YouTube-Thunberg(2018-11-24)">{{cite AV media |first=Greta |last=Thunberg |date=24 November 2018 |title=School strike for climate – save the world by changing the rules |publisher=TEDxStockholm |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAmmUIEsN9A&t=1m46s |access-date=29 January 2019 |time=1:46 |via=[[YouTube]] |quote=I was diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, OCD, and selective mutism. That basically means I only speak when I think it's necessary. Now is one of those moments&nbsp;... I think that in many ways, we autistic are the normal ones, and the rest of the people are pretty strange, especially when it comes to the sustainability crisis, where everyone keeps saying that climate change is an existential threat and the most important issue of all and yet they just carry on like before.}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> Ọnọdụ ahụ mere ka ọ daa mbà n'obi ma n'ihi ya, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu, ọ kwụsịrị ikwu okwu na iri nri nke ukwuu ma tụfuo kilogram iri n'ime ọnwa abụọ.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 December 2018 |work=Common Dreams |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2018/12/19/depressed-and-then-diagnosed-autism-greta-thunberg-explains-why-hope-cannot-save |first=Jon |last=Queally |title=Depressed and Then Diagnosed With Autism, Greta Thunberg Explains Why Hope Cannot Save Planet But Bold Climate Action Still Can |access-date=3 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128142643/https://www.commondreams.org/news/2018/12/19/depressed-and-then-diagnosed-autism-greta-thunberg-explains-why-hope-cannot-save |archive-date=28 November 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> N'ikpeazụ, a chọpụtara na ọ na-arịa ọrịa Asperger, nsogbu obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), na selective mutism.<ref name="YouTube-Thunberg(2018-11-24)"/><ref name=":7" /> N'otu n'ime okwu mbụ ya na-achọ ka a mee ihe na ihu igwe, Thunberg kọwara akụkụ nke ọnọdụ ya dị ka ihe pụtara na ọ "na-ekwu naanị mgbe ọ dị mkpa".<ref name="YouTube-Thunberg(2018-11-24)"/> Thunberg lụsoro ịda mbà n'obi ọgụ ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ atọ ma ọ bụ anọ tupu ọ malite mkpọsa ọgbaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50901789|title=Greta Thunberg's father: 'She is happy, but I worry'|date=30 December 2019|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230133528/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50901789|archive-date=30 December 2019}}</ref> Mgbe ọ malitere ime ngagharị iwe, ndị mụrụ ya akwadoghị ọrụ ya. Nna ya kwuru na ọ masịghị ya ka ọ na-aghara ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ mana o kwuru, sị: "[Anyị] na-akwanyere ya ùgwù na ọ chọrọ iguzo. Ọ nwere ike ịnọdụ ala n'ụlọ ma bụrụ onye na-enweghị obi ụtọ, ma ọ bụ mee mkpesa, ma nwee obi ụtọ."<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/sep/01/swedish-15-year-old-cutting-class-to-fight-the-climate-crisis |title=The Swedish 15-year-old who's cutting class to fight the climate crisis |last=Crouch |first=David |date=1 September 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104073409/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/sep/01/swedish-15-year-old-cutting-class-to-fight-the-climate-crisis |archive-date=4 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nne ya mere nchọpụta ya nke ọrịa Asperger na mba Sweden na Mee 2015, iji nyere ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ nọ n'ọnọdụ yiri nke ahụ aka.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.expressen.se/halsoliv/halsa/det-har-varit-ett-helvetiskt-ar|title=Det har varit ett helvetiskt år|last=Olsson|first=Christer|date=20 May 2015|work=[[Expressen]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010203419/https://www.expressen.se/halsoliv/halsa/det-har-varit-ett-helvetiskt-ar/|archive-date=10 October 2019|location=Stockholm|trans-title=That has been a hell of a year}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ kwetara na nchọpụta ya "egbochiwo m tupu", Thunberg eleghị Asperger ya anya dị ka ọrịa, kama ọ kpọrọ ya "ike dị egwu".<ref name="Rourke">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/02/greta-thunberg-responds-to-aspergers-critics-its-a-superpower|title=Greta Thunberg responds to Asperger's critics: 'It's a superpower'|last1=Rourke|first1=Alison|date=2 September 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902131133/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/02/greta-thunberg-responds-to-aspergers-critics-its-a-superpower|archive-date=2 September 2019}}</ref> E mechara kọwaa ya dị ka ọ bụghị naanị onye a ma ama na-ahụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe, kamakwa onye a ma ma ama na na-ahụkarị maka ọrịa autism.<ref name=hattenstone/> Thunberg kwuru na 2021 na ọtụtụ ndị nọ na otu Fridays for Future nwere ọrịa autism, ma na-agụnye ma na-anabata. Ọ na-eche na ihe mere ọtụtụ ndị nwere ọrịa autism ji bụrụ ndị na-ahụ maka ihu igwe bụ na ha enweghị ike ile anya, ha ga-ekwukwa eziokwu ka ha na-ahụ ya: "Amaara m ọtụtụ ndị dara mbà n'obi, mgbe ahụ ha sonyeere usoro ihu igwe ma ọ bụ Fraịdee maka Ọdịnihu ma chọta nzube na ndụ ma chọta ọbụbụenyi na obodo a nabatara ha". Ọ na-ewere na ihe kachasị mma nke sitere na ọrụ ya bụ ọbụbụenyi na obi ụtọ.<ref name=hattenstone/> Ruo ihe dị ka afọ abụọ, Thunberg mara ndị mụrụ ya aka ka ha belata akara carbon nke ezinụlọ ahụ na mmetụta zuru oke na gburugburu ebe obibi site na ịghọ ndị na-adịghi eri ihe ọbula wepụtara n'anụmanụ, upcycling, na ịkwụsị ife efe.<ref name="Democracy Now" /><ref>{{cite news |agency=AFP |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/climate-crusading-schoolgirl-greta-thunberg-pleads-next-generations-case |title=Climate crusading schoolgirl Greta Thunberg pleads next generation's case |date=5 December 2018 |website=[[The Straits Times]]|access-date=22 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206010339/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/climate-crusading-schoolgirl-greta-thunberg-pleads-next-generations-case|archive-date=6 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/11/greta-thunberg-schoolgirl-climate-change-warrior-some-people-can-let-things-go-i-cant|title=Greta Thunberg, schoolgirl climate change warrior: 'Some people can let things go. I can't'|last=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=11 March 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311074634/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/11/greta-thunberg-schoolgirl-climate-change-warrior-some-people-can-let-things-go-i-cant|archive-date=11 March 2019|quote=Her parents were the guinea pigs. She discovered she had remarkable powers of persuasion, and her mother gave up flying, which had a severe impact on her career. Her father became a vegetarian.}}</ref> O kwuru na ọ gbalịrị igosi ha eserese na data, mana mgbe nke ahụ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ dọrọ ezinụlọ ya aka na ntị na ha na-ezu ọdịnihu ya.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 April 2019 |url=https://www.plantbasednews.org/news/vegan-greta-thunberg-made-parents-feel-guilty-eating-meat-dairy |title=Environmentalist Greta Thunberg Made Her Parents Feel Guilty For Eating Meat And Dairy |last=Chiorando |first=Maria |website=Vegan News, Plant Based Living, Food, Health & more |access-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927162030/https://www.plantbasednews.org/news/vegan-greta-thunberg-made-parents-feel-guilty-eating-meat-dairy |archive-date=27 September 2019 |url-status=live |accessdate=25 August 2022 |archivedate=27 September 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927162030/https://www.plantbasednews.org/news/vegan-greta-thunberg-made-parents-feel-guilty-eating-meat-dairy }}</ref> Ịhapụ ụgbọ elu n'akụkụ ụfọdụ pụtara na nne ya ga-ahapụ ọrụ mba ụwa ya dị ka onye na-agụ egwu opera.<ref name=":0" /> Mgbe BBC gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ na Disemba 2019, nna ya kwuru, sị: "N'ikwu eziokwu, (nne ya) emeghị ya iji chekwaa ihu igwe. O mere ya iji zọpụta nwa ya n'ihi na ọ hụrụ ihe ọ pụtara nye ya, mgbe ahụ, mgbe o mere nke ahụ, ọ hụrụ ihe (Greta) si na ya too, ike ole o nwetara site na ya."<ref>{{cite news |first=Dominic |last=McGrath |access-date=4 January 2020 |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/greta-thunberg-climate-strike-dad-4949862-Dec2019/ |title='We thought it was a bad idea': Greta Thunberg's dad says he was worried about her climate activism. |work=Thejournal.ie |date=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231205515/https://www.thejournal.ie/greta-thunberg-climate-strike-dad-4949862-Dec2019/ |archive-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Thunberg na-ekwu na mmeghachi omume na mgbanwe ndụ nke nne na nna ya nyere ya olileanya na nkwenye na ọ nwere ike ime mgbanwe.<ref name="Democracy Now" /> Mgbe a jụrụ ya na Septemba 2021 ma obi amamikpe maka ịkwụsị ọrụ nne ya, ọ tụrụ ya n'anya ajụjụ ahụ: "Ọ bụ nhọrọ ya. Emeghị m ka o mee ihe ọ bụla. Naanị ihe m nyere ya bụ ihe ọmụma iji mee ka mkpebi ya dabere.""<ref name=hattenstone/> A na-akọ akụkọ ezinụlọ ahụ n'akwụkwọ 2018 Scenes from the Heart,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://livewire.thewire.in/politics/greta-thunberg-film-childhood8491/|title='Scenes From the Heart': Backstory of 16-Year-Old Climate Activist Greta Thunberg|last=Lambeck|first=Petra|date=6 May 2019|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701174347/https://livewire.thewire.in/politics/greta-thunberg-film-childhood8491/|archive-date=1 July 2019|access-date=31 August 2019|accessdate=25 August 2022|archivedate=1 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701174347/https://livewire.thewire.in/politics/greta-thunberg-film-childhood8491/}}</ref> nke emelitere na 2020 dị ka Ụlọ Anyị Na-ere Ọkụ: Scenes of a Family and a Planet in Crisis, na onyinye sitere n'aka ụmụ agbọghọ, na ezinụlọ dum a kwadoro dị ka ndị dere ya.<ref name=hattenstone/><ref name=onfire>{{cite web|quote=Our house is on fire. I am here to say, our house is on fire. According to the IPCC we are less than twelve years away from not being able to undo our mistakes|title=Our house is on fire: Greta Thunberg, 16, urges Davos leaders to act on climate|first=Greta|last=Thunberg|year=2019|website=theguardian.com|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/25/our-house-is-on-fire-greta-thunberg16-urges-leaders-to-act-on-climate}}</ref> Thunberg bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Franska Skolan, ụlọ akwụkwọ nke otu onye nwere nke dị n'etiti Stockholm, site na 2010 ruo 2018,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.franskaskolan.se/pedagogiska-priset-2015/|title=Pedagogiska priset 2015 – Franska Skolan|language=sv-SE|access-date=16 February 2021|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204140733/https://www.franskaskolan.se/pedagogiska-priset-2015/|url-status=live|accessdate=25 August 2022|archivedate=4 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204140733/https://www.franskaskolan.se/pedagogiska-priset-2015/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/klimat/greta-thunbergs-larare-strejkar-ocksa-jag-blev-nog-gretas-basta-van/|title=Läraren Anita fanns där under Gretas tuffa år - och strejkar nu med sin elev|work=[[Expressen]]|language=sv|access-date=16 February 2021|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109232246/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/klimat/greta-thunbergs-larare-strejkar-ocksa-jag-blev-nog-gretas-basta-van/|url-status=live}}</ref> mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ kwagara Kringlaskolan, ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Södertälje.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jällhage |first1=Lenita |title=Greta's teacher – about the activist's difficult years |url=https://www.lararen.se/nyheter/senaste-nytt/gretas-teacher--about-the-activists-difficult-years |website=Läraren |access-date=10 March 2021 |archive-date=12 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312072921/https://www.lararen.se/nyheter/senaste-nytt/gretas-teacher--about-the-activists-difficult-years |url-status=live |accessdate=25 August 2022 |archivedate=12 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312072921/https://www.lararen.se/nyheter/senaste-nytt/gretas-teacher--about-the-activists-difficult-years }}</ref> ==Ịgba mbọ== ===Mwakpo na Riksdag=== [[File:Greta Thunberg 4.jpg|thumb|Thunberg n'ihu ụlọ ndị omeiwu Sweden, na-ejide "Skolstrejk för klimatet" (O Ọgbaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ihu igwe) akara, Stockholm, August 2018]] [[File:Old town Stockholm the bike of Greta.jpeg|thumb|Ịnyịnya ígwè na Stockholm na-arutu aka na Thunberg: "A ghaghị ile nsogbu ihu igwe anya dị ka nsogbu! Ọnọdụ ihu igwe bụ ihe kachasị mkpa maka ntuli aka!" (11 Septemba 2018)]] [[File:"FridaysForFuture" protest Berlin 14-12-2018 03.jpg|thumb|Ihe ịrịba ama na [[Berlin]], 14 Disemba 2018]] N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, Thunberg malitere ọgbaghara ihu igwe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na okwu ihu ọha nke ọ ghọrọ onye na-ahụ maka ihu igwe n'ụwa niile. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Amy Goodman nke Democracy Now! jụrụ ha, o kwuru na ọ nwetara echiche nke ọgbaghara ihu igwe mgbe ịgba égbè n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na United States na Febụwarị 2018 mere ka ọtụtụ ndị ntorobịa jụ ịlaghachi n'ụlọ Akwụkwọ.<ref name="Democracy Now">{{cite interview |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2018/12/11/meet_the_15_year_old_swedish |title=School Strike for Climate: Meet 15-Year-Old Activist Greta Thunberg, Who Inspired a Global Movement |last=Thunberg |first=Greta |interviewer=[[Amy Goodman]] |website=[[Democracy Now!]] |date=11 December 2018 |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717102212/https://www.democracynow.org/2018/12/11/meet_the_15_year_old_swedish |archive-date=17 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ndị a na-eto eto na-eme ihe na Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School na Parkland, Florida, gara n'ihu na-ahazi March for Our Lives iji kwado njikwa égbè ka ukwuu.<ref>{{cite interview |title=Teen activist on climate change: If we don't do anything right now, we're screwed |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGmBkIUwYkA |last=Thunberg |first=Greta |interviewer=[[Fareed Zakaria]] |agency=[[CNN]] |via=YouTube |date=23 December 2018|access-date=10 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315172703/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGmBkIUwYkA|archive-date=15 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Guardian view on teenage activists: protesters not puppets |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/07/the-guardian-view-on-teenage-activists-look-whos-pulling-the-strings |access-date=11 February 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=7 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211043029/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/07/the-guardian-view-on-teenage-activists-look-whos-pulling-the-strings |archive-date=11 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Na Mee 2018, Thunberg meriri asọmpi edemede mgbanwe ihu igwe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Sweden Svenska Dagbladet. N'akụkụ ụfọdụ, o dere "Achọrọ m inwe obi iru ala. Kedụ ka m ga-esi nwee obi iru ala mgbe m maara na anyị nọ na nsogbu kachasị njọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme mmadụ?"<ref name="NEWS-Wired(6-6-2019)" /> Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bipụtasịrị akụkọ ya, Bo Thorén sitere na Fossil Free Dalsland kpọtụrụ ya, otu nwere mmasị ime ihe gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe. Thunberg gara nzukọ ha ole na ole. N'otu n'ime ha, Thorén tụrụ aro ka ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ nwere ike ime mgbanwe maka mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goodthingsguy.com/opinion/greta-thunberg/ |title=Greta Thunberg: School strike for climate and to save the world! |date=5 May 2019 |website=Good Things Guy |access-date=12 May 2019 |last=Lindeque |first=Brent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611001013/https://www.goodthingsguy.com/opinion/greta-thunberg/ |archive-date=11 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Thunberg gbalịsịrị ike ime ka ndị na-eto eto ndị ọzọ tinye aka mana ndi "ọ dịghị onye nwere mmasị n'ezie", ya mere o mechara kpebie ịga n'ihu na ọgbaghara ahụ n'onwe ya.<ref name="Democracy Now" /> N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2018, Thunberg, onye ka malitere na klas nke itoolu, kpebiri ịghara ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ ruo mgbe ntuli aka Sweden nke afọ 2018 na Septemba itoolu; ngagharị iwe ya malitere mgbe oke okpomọkụ na ọkụ ọhịa n'oge ọkọchị kachasị ọkụ na Sweden na ọ dịkarịa ala afọ nari abụọ na iri isii na abụọ.<ref name=":0"/> Ihe ọ chọrọ bụ ka gọọmentị Sweden belata ikuku carbon dịka nkwekọrịta Paris si dị, ọ na-eme mkpesa site n'ịnọdụ ala n'èzí Riksdag kwa ụbọchị ruo izu atọ n'oge ụlọ akwụkwọ na akara Skolstrejk för klimatet (Ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ihu igwe).<ref name="Newyorker1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-fifteen-year-old-climate-activist-who-is-demanding-a-new-kind-of-politics |title=The Fifteen-Year-Old Climate Activist Who Is Demanding a New Kind of Politics |date=2 October 2018 |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] |last=Gessen |first=Masha |author-link=Masha Gessen |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105223945/https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-fifteen-year-old-climate-activist-who-is-demanding-a-new-kind-of-politics |archive-date=5 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.techwarrant.com/time-person-of-the-year-is-greta-thunberg/ |title=Time Person Of The Year Is Greta Thunberg |date=12 December 2019 |newspaper=Tech Warrant |access-date=15 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215212835/https://www.techwarrant.com/time-person-of-the-year-is-greta-thunberg/ |archive-date=15 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Thunberg kwuru na ndị nkuzi ya nwere echiche kewara ekewa banyere igha klas ya iji mee ka o doo anya. Ọ na-ekwu, sị: "Dị ka ndị mmadụ, ha na-eche na ihe m na-eme dị mma, mana dị ka ndị nkuzi, ha na'ekwu na m kwesịrị ịkwụsị".<ref name=":0"/> ===Mgbalị mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta=== Mgbe Thunberg biputara foto nke ụbọchị ọgbaghara mbụ ya na Instagram na Twitter, akaụntụ mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ndị ọzọ malitere ngwa ngwa. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-eto eto a ma ama mere ka post Instagram ya dịkwuo elu, n'ụbọchị nke abụọ, ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe na-esonyere ya. Onye nnọchi anya ụlọ akụ Finland Nordea hotara otu n'ime tweets Thunberg nye ihe karịrị ndị na-eso ụzọ pụkụ narị abụọ. Profaịlụ mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta nke Thunberg dọtara ndị nta akụkọ obodo ha akụkọ ha nwetara mgbasa ozi mba ụwa n'ihe karịrị otu izu.<ref name="wired.co.uk">{{cite news |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/greta-thunberg-climate-crisis |first=Amelia |last=Tait |title=Greta Thunberg: How one teenager became the voice of the planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823154313/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/greta-thunberg-climate-crisis |archive-date=23 August 2019 |magazine=Wired|date=6 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Otu ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na Sweden nke na-elekwasị anya na ihu igwe bụ We Don't Have Time (WDHT), nke Ingmar Rentzhog guzobere. O kwuru na ọgbaghara ya malitere ịdọta uche ọha na eze mgbe ọ bịakwutere onye na-ese foto n'efu ma tinye foto Thunberg na ibe Facebook ya na akaụntụ Instagram, yana vidiyo n'asụsụ Bekee nke o tinyere na ọwa YouTube nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref name="TheLocal">{{cite news |url=https://www.thelocal.se/20190209/start-up-used-child-climate-activist-to-raise-millions |title=Start-up used teen climate activist to raise millions: Swedish paper |work=[[The Local]] |date=9 February 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727001257/https://www.thelocal.se/20190209/start-up-used-child-climate-activist-to-raise-millions |archive-date=27 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rentzhog mechara gwa Thunberg ka ọ bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ ndị ntorobịa na-akwụghị ụgwọ na WDHT. Mgbe ahụ, o jiri aha ya na onyinyo ya n'enweghị ihe ọmụma ma ọ bụ ikike ya iji nweta ọtụtụ nde maka ụlọ ọrụ WDHT maka uru, We Don't Have Time AB, nke Rentzhog bụ onye isi ọrụ.<ref name="Politico-Feb11">{{cite news |last=Oroschakoff |first=Kalina |title=Teen climate icon used for fundraising without her knowledge |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/greta-thunberg-teen-climate-icon-used-for-fundraising-without-her-knowledge/ |work=[[Politico Europe]] |date=11 February 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702172521/https://www.politico.eu/article/greta-thunberg-teen-climate-icon-used-for-fundraising-without-her-knowledge/ |archive-date=2 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Thunberg enwetaghị ego ọ bụla sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ<ref name="TheLocal"/> ma kwụsị ọrụ onye ndụmọdụ afọ ofufo ya na WDHT ozugbo ọ ghọtara na ha na-enweta ego site na aha ya.<ref name="GretaFeb2Facebook">{{cite web |last=Thunberg |first=Greta |title=Recently I've seen many rumors… |url=https://www.facebook.com/732846497083173/posts/767646880269801/ |via=[[Facebook]] |access-date=15 February 2019 |date=2 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212223859/https://www.facebook.com/732846497083173/posts/767646880269801/ |archive-date=12 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mgbe Ọktọba 2018 gasịrị, ọrụ Thunberg gbanwere site na naanị mkpesa gaa na isonye na ngagharị iwe na Europe niile; na-eme ọtụtụ okwu ihu ọha dị elu, ma na-akpali ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ndị na-eso ụzọ ya na usoro mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. Mgbe ntuli aka nke Disemba 2018 gasịrị, Thunberg gara n'ihu na-eme ngagharị iwe naanị ụbọchị Fraịdee. Ọ kpaliri ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị gburugburu ụwa ka ha sonye na ngagharị iwe ụmụ akwụkwọ. N'ọnwa ahụ, ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ pụkụ ịrị abụọ emeela ngagharị iwe na ọ dịkarịa ala obodo narị abụọ na ịrị asaa.<ref name="Guardian2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/dec/04/leaders-like-children-school-strike-founder-greta-thunberg-tells-un-climate-summit|title='Our leaders are like children', school strike founder tells climate summit|last=Carrington|first=Damian|date=4 December 2018|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050002/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/dec/04/leaders-like-children-school-strike-founder-greta-thunberg-tells-un-climate-summit|archive-date=2 January 2019}}</ref> Thunberg kwuru okwu megide National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate) 2020 na Joint Entrance Examination 2020 nke a na-eme na India n'ọnwa Septemba. O kwuru na ọ bụ ihe na-ezighị ezi ka ụmụ akwụkwọ pụta maka ule n'oge ọrịa na-efe efe zuru ụwa ọnụ. O kwukwara na idei mmiri nke dakwasịrị steeti ndị dị ka Bihar na Assam, nke kpatara nnukwu mbibi maka ụmụ amaala, emetụtala ụmụ akwụkwọ India nke ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/conduction-of-national-exams-unfair-for-students-greta-thunberg-on-neet-jee-exams-2020-1714841-2020-08-25 |title=Deeply unfair to students: Now activist Greta Thunberg seeks postponement of JEE, NEET exams |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=25 August 2020 |archive-date=25 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825113438/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/conduction-of-national-exams-unfair-for-students-greta-thunberg-on-neet-jee-exams-2020-1714841-2020-08-25 |url-status=live }}</ref> N'abalị atọ nke ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2021, Thunberg dere ozi na Twitter<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thunberg |first1=Greta |title=We stand in solidarity with the #FarmersProtest in India. |url=https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg/status/1356694884615340037 |website=Twitter |access-date=5 February 2021 |archive-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205172327/https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg/status/1356694884615340037 |url-status=live }}</ref> iji kwado ngagharị iwe ndị ọrụ ugbo India na-eme n'afọ 2020 na 2021. Ndị na-ahụ maka mba n'anya na-emegide ngagharị iwe ndị ọrụ ugbo gbara ihe oyiyi nke Thunberg ọkụ na Delhi; ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-akatọkwa ntinye aka mba ụwa n'ihe ndị dị n'ime India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/04/greta-thunberg-effigies-burned-in-delhi-after-tweets-on-farmers-protests |title=Greta Thunberg effigies burned in Delhi after tweets on farmers' protests |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204223723/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/04/greta-thunberg-effigies-burned-in-delhi-after-tweets-on-farmers-protests |url-status=live }}</ref> Ozi Twitter nke Greta Thunberg nwetara nkatọ site n'aka gọọmentị India, nke kwuru na ọ bụ okwu dị n'ime.<ref>{{cite news |title=Greta Thunberg faces backlash after 'toolkit' tweet: Key things to know |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/greta-thunberg-faces-backlash-after-toolkit-tweet-key-things-to-know-947733.html |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=5 February 2021 |access-date=5 February 2021 |archive-date=10 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210011836/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/greta-thunberg-faces-backlash-after-toolkit-tweet-key-things-to-know-947733.html |url-status=live }}</ref> N'ozi Twitter mbụ ya, Thunberg jikọtara ya na akwụkwọ nke nyere ngwá ọrụ mkpọsa maka ndị chọrọ ịkwado ngagharị iwe ndị ọrụ ugbo. Ngwá ọrụ a nwere ndụmọdụ gbasara hashtags na otu esi etinye aka na mkpesa mana ọ gụnyekwara ihe ndị a tụrụ aro karịa ndị metụtara mkpesa onye ọrụ ugbo ahụ. N'oge na-adịghị anya, o hichapụrụ tweet ahụ, na-ekwu na akwụkwọ ahụ "bụ ihe mgbe ochie" ma jikọta ya na nke ọzọ<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thunberg |first1=Greta |title=Here's an updated toolkit by people on the ground in India if you want to help |url=https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg/status/1357054451769606147 |website=Twitter |access-date=5 February 2021 |archive-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205214338/https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg/status/1357054451769606147 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Farmers Protest In India |url=https://cryptpad.fr/pad/#/2/pad/view/ehTz+drfKPwi4fP5dn0mivwVCKhwNe7OD1YHDiBUj0Y/ |website=Cryptpad |access-date=5 February 2021 |archive-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205164544/https://cryptpad.fr/pad/#/2/pad/view/ehTz+drfKPwi4fP5dn0mivwVCKhwNe7OD1YHDiBUj0Y/ |url-status=live }}</ref> "iji mee ka onye ọ bụla na-amaghị ngagharị iwe ndị ọrụ ugbo na-aga n'ihu na India ghọta ọnọdụ ahụ nke ọma ma mee mkpebi banyere otu esi akwado ndị ọrụ ugbe dabere na nyocha nke ha".<ref name="TOIFeb21">{{Cite news|date=4 February 2021|title=Greta Thunberg tweets, deletes and then updates farm protest 'toolkit'|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/greta-tweets-deletes-farmprotest-toolkit-creates-uproar/articleshow/80679959.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 February 2021|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204153104/https://m.timesofindia.com/india/greta-tweets-deletes-farmprotest-toolkit-creates-uproar/articleshow/80679959.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NDTVFeb21">{{Cite news|last=Bhasin|first=Swati|date=4 February 2021|title=Greta Thunberg Tweets Toolkit On Farmers' Protest, Deletes, Shares Update|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/greta-thunberg-tweets-toolkit-on-farmers-protest-deletes-shares-update-2362804|newspaper=NDTV|access-date=4 February 2021|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204224306/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/greta-thunberg-tweets-toolkit-on-farmers-protest-deletes-shares-update-2362804|url-status=live}}</ref> E jidere onye India dị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ na-ahụ maka ihu igwe nke dezigharịrị ngwá ọrụ ahụ, Disha Ravi, n'okpuru ebubo nke ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru na nkata mpụ na 16 Febụwarị.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-farmers-protests/indias-arrest-of-activist-tied-to-greta-thunbergs-movement-sparks-outrage-idUSKBN2AF0I4|title=India's arrest of activist tied to Greta Thunberg's movement sparks outrage|access-date=15 February 2021|website=Reuters|date=15 February 2021|archive-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215095758/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-farmers-protests/indias-arrest-of-activist-tied-to-greta-thunbergs-movement-sparks-outrage-idUSKBN2AF0I4|url-status=live|last1=Jain|first1=Chandini Monnappa}}</ref> ===Ngagharị iwe na okwu na Europe=== [[File:FridaysForFuture protest Berlin 19-07-2019 29.jpg|thumb|left|Thunberg na 2019 Fridays For Future protest na Berlin]] [[File:Dina Titus listened to Greta Thunberg on Climate Change.jpg|thumb|right|Dina Titus na-ege Thunberg ntị na-ekwu maka mkpa dị ngwa iji dozie mgbanwe ihu igwe]] Okwu ya n'oge nnọkọ nke 2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP24) gbasara n'ebe niile.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/06/07/730383662/greta-thunberg-are-we-running-out-of-time-to-save-our-planet |title=Greta Thunberg: Are We Running Out Of Time To Save Our Planet? |website=NPR.org|date=7 January 2019 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131213332/https://www.npr.org/2019/06/07/730383662/greta-thunberg-are-we-running-out-of-time-to-save-our-planet |archive-date=31 January 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> O kwuru na ndị isi ụwa nọ ebe ahụ "ezughị oke ikwu ihe dị ka ọ dị".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/16/world/greta-thunberg-cop24/index.html|title=Teen tells climate negotiators they aren't mature enough|author1=John Sutter|author2=Lawrence Davidson|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=16 December 2018|access-date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202092154/https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/16/world/greta-thunberg-cop24/index.html|archive-date=2 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Na ọkara mbụ nke afọ 2019, ọ sonyeere ngagharị iwe ụmụ akwụkwọ dị iche iche gburugburu Europe, a kpọkwara ya ka ọ kwuo okwu na nnọkọ na ndị omeiwu dị iche iche. Na Jenụwarị 2019 World Economic Forum, Thunberg kwuru okwu ebe o kwuru, sị: "Ụlọ anyị na-ere ọkụ".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/trump-attend-davos-impeachment-iran-concerns-loom-200114141412998.html|title=Trump to attend Davos as impeachment and Iran concerns loom|last=Baschuk|first=Bryce|date=14 January 2020|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131211423/https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/trump-attend-davos-impeachment-iran-concerns-loom-200114141412998.html|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ gwara ndị omeiwu Britain, Europe na France okwu, ebe n'okwu nke ikpeazụ ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka nri gbochiri ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49092653|title=French MPs boycott 'apocalypse guru' Thunberg|date=23 July 2019|publisher=[[BBC News]]|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031221539/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49092653|archive-date=31 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/37d4b088-6704-11e9-9adc-98bf1d35a056|title=Greta Thunberg speaks at British parliament|date=25 April 2019|website=[[Financial Times]]|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131211404/https://www.ft.com/content/37d4b088-6704-11e9-9adc-98bf1d35a056|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Na nzukọ dị mkpirikpi ya na Thunberg, Popu Francis kelere ya ma gbaa ya ume ka ọ gaa n'ihu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zenit.org/articles/pope-thanks-and-encourages-greta-thunberg-in-her-commitment-to-defend-the-environment/|title=Pope Thanks and Encourages Greta Thunberg in Her Commitment to Defend the Environment|last=Die Alcolea|first=Rosa|date=17 April 2019|website=ZENIT - English|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131211844/https://zenit.org/articles/pope-thanks-and-encourages-greta-thunberg-in-her-commitment-to-defend-the-environment/|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule Maachị 2019, Thunberg ka na-eme ngagharị iwe ya mgbe niile n'èzí ụlọ omebe iwu Sweden na Fraịdee ọ bụla, ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na-esonyere ya mgbe ụfọdụ. Dị ka nna ya si kwuo, ọrụ ya emegideghị ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ya, mana o nweela obere oge ezumike.<ref name="jw01">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/11/greta-thunberg-schoolgirl-climate-change-warrior-some-people-can-let-things-go-i-cant|title=Greta Thunberg, schoolgirl climate change warrior: 'Some people can let things go. I can't'|last=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=11 March 2019|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=11 March 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311074634/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/11/greta-thunberg-schoolgirl-climate-change-warrior-some-people-can-let-things-go-i-cant|archive-date=11 March 2019|author-link=Jonathan Watts}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị ala na akara dị mma.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bershidsky|first=Leonid|date=18 June 2019|title=Greta Thunberg's Other Lesson Is About School|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-06-18/greta-thunberg-s-other-lesson-is-about-compulsory-school|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212003749/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-06-18/greta-thunberg-s-other-lesson-is-about-compulsory-school|archive-date=12 February 2020|access-date=3 February 2020|website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị 2019, magazin Time kọrọ na Thunberg na-ewere "afọ izu ike" site n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, na-ezube ime njem na Amerịka ka ọ na-ezute ndị mmadụ sitere na mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite news|url=https://time.com/5637506/greta-thunberg-atlantic-americas-trip/|title=Climate Activist Greta Thunberg to Set Sail for the Americas|last=Haynes|first=Suyin|date=29 July 2019|access-date=3 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004192450/https://time.com/5637506/greta-thunberg-atlantic-americas-trip/|archive-date=4 October 2019|magazine=Time}}</ref> ===Afọ ịzụ ike=== N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, Thunberg ji ụgbọ miri gafee [[Òrìmìlì Atlantic|Oké Osimiri Atlantic]] site na Plymouth, England, gaa New York, USA, na ụgbọ mmiri na-agba ọsọ 60 feet (18 m) Malizia II, nke nwere akụkụ anyanwụ na igwe turbines n'okpuru mmiri. A mara ọkwa njem ahụ dị ka ụzọ gafere Atlantic na-anọpụ iche na carbon na-eje ozi dị ka ngosipụta nke nkwenkwe Thunberg kwupụtara banyere mkpa ọ dị ibelata ikuku. France 24 kọrọ na ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ga-efega New York iji mee ka ụgbọ mmiri laghachi Europe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190826-greta-thunberg-s-yacht-due-in-new-york-on-tuesday|title=Greta Thunberg's yacht due in New York on Tuesday|date=26 August 2019|access-date=4 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926125608/https://www.france24.com/en/20190826-greta-thunberg-s-yacht-due-in-new-york-on-tuesday|archive-date=26 September 2019|agency=AFP|website=France 24}}</ref> Njem ahụ were ụbọchị iri na ise, site na 14 ruo 28 Ọgọst 2019. A kpọrọ Thunberg ka ọ gbaa akaebe na Kọmitii Nhọrọ Ụlọ US na Nsogbu ihu igwe na 18 Septemba. Kama ịgba akaebe, o nyere nkwupụta ahịrịokwu asatọ ma nyefee akụkọ pụrụ iche nke IPCC na Global Warming nke 1.5 °C dị ka ihe akaebe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/hearings?ID=206DAC73-8EAB-41CA-96F7-2C2FD5B47E46|title=Voices Leading the Next Generation on the Global Climate Crisis|last=Thunberg|first=Greta|date=18 September 2019|website=United States House of Representatives|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920070200/https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/hearings%3FID%3D206DAC73-8EAB-41CA-96F7-2C2FD5B47E46|archive-date=20 September 2019|access-date=19 September 2019|accessdate=5 September 2022|archivedate=20 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920070200/https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/hearings%3FID%3D206DAC73-8EAB-41CA-96F7-2C2FD5B47E46}}</ref> ===Nzukọ nke UN maka Mmekọrịta Ihu igwe=== [[File:Marche pour le climat 27-09-2019 (Montréal) 14.jpg|thumb|right|Thunberg na Septemba 2019 Climate March, Montreal]] N'otu, otu ahụ kwupụtara na ha emeela mkpesa megide mba ise na-anọghị n'ụzọ iji mezuo ebumnuche mbelata ikuku ha kwere nkwa imezu na nkwekọrịta Paris ha: [[Argentina]], Brazil, France, Germany, na Turkey.<ref>{{cite press release |first1=Georgina |last1=Thompson |first2=Helen |last2=Wylie |url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/16-children-including-greta-thunberg-file-landmark-complaint-united-nations |title=16 children, including Greta Thunberg, file landmark complaint to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child |website=www.unicef.org |access-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925123907/https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/16-children-including-greta-thunberg-file-landmark-complaint-united-nations |archive-date=25 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1047292 |title=Countries violate rights over climate change, argue youth activists in landmark UN complaint |date=24 September 2019 |website=UN News |access-date=25 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925105953/https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1047292 |archive-date=25 September 2019 |url-status=live |accessdate=5 September 2022 |archivedate=25 September 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925105953/https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1047292 }}</ref> Mkpesa ahụ na-ama mba ndị a aka n'okpuru Protocol Nhọrọ nke Atọ na Nkwekọrịta na Ikike nke Nwatakịrị. Nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ usoro ikpe nke na-enye ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ndị nnọchi anya ha, ndị kwenyere na e mebiri ikike ha, iji weta mkpesa n'ihu 'òtù nkwekọrịta' dị mkpa, Kọmitii na-ahụ maka ikike nke nwatakịrị.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.childrightsconnect.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/CRC_OP3_info_pack_web.pdf |title=Information Pack about the Optional Protocol to the Convention on theRights of the Child on a Communications Procedure (OP3 CRC) |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013184521/https://www.childrightsconnect.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/CRC_OP3_info_pack_web.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ bụrụ na mkpesa ahụ gara nke ọma, a ga-agwa mba ndị ahụ ka ha zaghachi, mana aro ọ bụla abụghị iwu.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://earther.gizmodo.com/its-kids-vs-the-world-in-a-landmark-new-climate-lawsui-1838343565 |title=It's Kids vs. the World in a Landmark New Climate Lawsuit |first=Brian |last=Kahn |date=23 September 2019 |access-date=23 September 2019 |work=[[Gizmodo]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923170617/https://earther.gizmodo.com/its-kids-vs-the-world-in-a-landmark-new-climate-lawsui-1838343565 | archive-date = 23 September 2019 | url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Stephen |last=Lee |url=https://news.bloombergenvironment.com/environment-and-energy/greta-thunberg-leads-young-people-in-climate-complaint-to-un |title=Greta Thunberg Leads Young People in Climate Complaint to UN |date=23 September 2019 |access-date=23 September 2019 |work=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924120107/https://news.bloombergenvironment.com/environment-and-energy/greta-thunberg-leads-young-people-in-climate-complaint-to-un | archive-date = 24 September 2019 | url-status = live}}</ref> Na 23 Septemba, Thunberg gara nzukọ UN Climate Action Summit na New York City. N'ụbọchị ahụ, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) kwadoro nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ ebe Thunberg sonyeere ụmụaka iri na ise ndị ọzọ nke gụnyere Ayakha Melithafa, Alexandria Villaseñor, Catarina Lorenzo, Carl Smith na ndị ọzọ. ===Oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ=== Na mba Canada, Thunberg sonyere na ngagharị iwe ihu igwe n'obodo dị iche iche nke gụnyere Montreal, Edmonton na Vancouver nke gụnyere iduzi nzukọ ihu igwe dị ka akụkụ nke 27 Septemba 2019 Global Climate Strike na Montreal.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=https://dailyhive.com/montreal/greta-thunberg-key-city-montreal-2|title=Greta Thunberg "incredibly honoured" to receive key to city of Montreal|date=28 September 2019|work=[[Daily Hive]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929161542/https://dailyhive.com/montreal/greta-thunberg-key-city-montreal-2|archive-date=29 September 2019|access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> Ihe karịrị nde mmadụ anọ bịara ngagharị iwe ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ihu igwe na 20 na 27 Septemba 2019, dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ahazi ya si kwuo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate|title=How big was the global climate strike? 4 million people, activists estimate.|author-last1=Barclay|author-first1=Eliza|date=22 September 2019|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921012020/https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate|archive-date=21 September 2019|access-date=21 September 2019|author-last2=Resnick|author-first2=Brian}}</ref> Ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ sonyere na ngagharị iwe a kọwara dị ka nke kachasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ahụ. Onye isi obodo Montreal nyere ya nnwere onwe nke obodo ahụ. Praịm Minista Justin Trudeau bịara, Thunberg na ya kwurịtara okwu n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5957337/montreal-climate-change-march-sept-27/|title='We will not be bystanders': Greta Thunberg tells hundreds of thousands at Montreal climate march|last1=Laframboise|first1=Kalina|date=27 September 2019|publisher=[[Global News]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930223654/https://globalnews.ca/news/5957337/montreal-climate-change-march-sept-27/|archive-date=30 September 2019|access-date=16 October 2019}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na United States, Thunberg sonyere na ngagharị iwe ihu igwe na New York City na Alexandria Villaseñor na Xiye Bastida, na Washington DC ya na Jerome Foster II, Iowa City, Los Angeles, Charlotte, Denver na Haven Coleman, na Standing Rock Indian Reservation na Tokata Iron Eyes. N'obodo dị iche iche, okwu isi okwu Thunberg malitere site n'ịkwado na ọ guzo n'ala nke bụ nke ndị obodo, na-asị: "N'ịkweta nnukwu ikpe na-ezighị ezi a na-emegbu ndị a, anyị ga-ekwukwa banyere ọtụtụ ndị ohu na ndị ọrụ ha ụwa ka na-erite uru taa".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.press-citizen.com/story/news/2019/10/04/greta-thunberg-speech-transcript-iowa-climate-strike/3868695002/|title=Greta Thunberg took a Tesla to Iowa. Here's what she had to say.|last1=Breaux|first1=Aimee|date=26 November 2019|access-date=7 November 2019|last2=Smith|first2=Zachary Oren|website=Iowa City Press-Citizen|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200103160526/https://www.press-citizen.com/story/news/2019/10/04/greta-thunberg-speech-transcript-iowa-climate-strike/3868695002/|archive-date=3 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newsweek.com/greta-thunberg-friday-climate-strike-world-leaders-1464823|title=Greta Thunberg says Friday climate strike will go on for "as long as it takes" to stir world leaders into action|last=Georgiou|first=Aristos|date=12 October 2019|access-date=7 November 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106150813/https://www.newsweek.com/greta-thunberg-friday-climate-strike-world-leaders-1464823|archive-date=6 November 2019|website=Newsweek}}</ref> ===Ntinye aka na COP25=== Thunberg bu n'obi ịnọgide na Amerịka iji gaa United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP25) nke e mere atụmatụ na Santiago, Chile, na Disemba. Otú ọ dị, a mara ọkwa na ọkwa dị mkpirikpi na a ga-ebugharị COP25 na Madrid, Spain, n'ihi nnukwu ọgba aghara ọha na eze na Chile.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50233678 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |title=Chile cancels global climate summit amid unrest |date=30 October 2019 |access-date=31 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031095156/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50233678 |archive-date=31 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Thunberg ajụla ife efe n'ihi ikuku carbon sitere na njem ụgbọ elu, ya mere o biputere na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na ọ dị ya mkpa ịgafe Oké Osimiri Atlantic. Riley Whitelu na nwunye ya, Elayna Carausu, ndị Australia abụọ na-agba gburugburu ụwa n'ụgbọ mmiri ha dị mita iri anọ na asatọ (15 m) La Vagabonde, kwuru ka ha buru ya. Ya mere na 13 Nọvemba 2019, Thunberg si Hampton, Virginia, gaa Lisbon, Portugal. Ozi ọpụpụ ya bụ otu ihe ahụ ọ dị kemgbe ọ malitere ọrụ ya: "Ozi m nye ndị America bụ otu ihe dị ka onye ọ bụla na-ekwu na ọ ga-adị n'otu n'azụ sayensị ma rụọ ọrụ na sayensị."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/12/climate/greta-thunberg-return-europe.html |title=Greta Thunberg Sets Sail, Again, After Climate Talks Relocate |last=Sengupta |first=Somini |date=12 November 2019 |work=The New York Times|access-date=14 November 2019|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114072255/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/12/climate/greta-thunberg-return-europe.html|archive-date=14 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-13/australian-sailors-taking-greta-thunberg-back-to-un-cop25-summit/11699990 |title=Australian sailing couple and their son come to Greta Thunberg's rescue |last1=Shine |first1=Rhiannon |last2=Carmody |first2=James |date=13 November 2019 |website=ABC News |access-date=14 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114014102/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-13/australian-sailors-taking-greta-thunberg-back-to-un-cop25-summit/11699990|archive-date=14 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/12/greta-thunberg-climate-crisis-message-vote |title=Greta Thunberg leaves US with simple climate crisis message: vote |last=Holden |first=Emily |date=12 November 2019 |work=The Guardian|access-date=14 November 2019|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114103555/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/12/greta-thunberg-climate-crisis-message-vote|archive-date=14 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Thunberg rutere n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Lisbon na 3 Disemba 2019,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/greta-thunberg-to-sail-into-lisbon-on-tuesday/52199 |title=Greta Thunberg to sail into Lisbon on Tuesday |date=2 December 2019 |access-date=2 December 2019 |newspaper=[[The Portugal News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202121726/https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/greta-thunberg-to-sail-into-lisbon-on-tuesday/52199 |archive-date=2 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/greta-thunberg-to-arrive-in-madrid-in-time-for-climate-summit-1.946126 |title=Greta Thunberg to arrive in Madrid in time for climate summit |first=Claire |last=Corkery |date=3 December 2019 |access-date=3 December 2019 |newspaper=[[Thenational.ae]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203160943/https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/greta-thunberg-to-arrive-in-madrid-in-time-for-climate-summit-1.946126 |archive-date=3 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> wee gaa Madrid iji kwuo okwu na COP25 ma sonye na Fraịdee maka ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe n'ọdịnihu. N'oge mkparịta ụka ndị nta akụkọ tupu ngagharị ahụ, ọ kpọrọ oku maka "omume siri ike" ndị ọzọ, na-ekwu na ọgba aghara ụlọ akwụkwọ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'afọ gara aga "enwetaghị ihe ọ bụla" n'ihi na ikuku gas na-ekpo ọkụ ka na-arị elu site na pasent anọ kemgbe afọ 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/dec/06/greta-thunberg-says-school-strikes-have-achieved-nothing|title=Greta Thunberg says school strikes have achieved nothing|last=Harvey|first=Fiona|date=6 December 2019|work=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207053533/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/dec/06/greta-thunberg-says-school-strikes-have-achieved-nothing|archive-date=7 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/greta-thunberg-climate-conference-madrid-chile-samoa-brianna-fruean-a9236676.html |title='We have achieved nothing': Greta Thunberg urges 'concrete action' during Madrid climate conference |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207222720/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/greta-thunberg-climate-conference-madrid-chile-samoa-brianna-fruean-a9236676.html |archive-date=7 December 2019 |work=The Independent |date=7 December 2019 |url-status=live |first=Isabella |last=Kaminski}}</ref> ===Mgbalị ndị ọzọ na Europe na njedebe nke afọ izu ike=== [[File:Greta Thunberg Lausanne - Palais de Rumine 17 Janvier 2020 copie.jpg|thumb|Thunberg na-agwa ìgwè mmadụ karịrị pụkụ ịrị okwu na 17 Jenụwarị 2020 maka ihu igwe na Lausanne, Switzerland]] N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2019, Thunberg bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke mmemme ihe omume ugbu a nke BBC Radio, Today Programme.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/greta-thunberg-david-attenborough-interview-climate-change-bbc-radio-4-today-a9262261.html|author=Samuel Osborne|title=Greta Thunberg to interview David Attenborough in special 'Today' show edition|date=28 December 2019|work=The Independent|access-date=30 December 2019|publisher=ESI Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229141257/https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/greta-thunberg-david-attenborough-interview-climate-change-bbc-radio-4-today-a9262261.html|archive-date=29 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Mbipụta Thunberg nke mmemme ahụ gosipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe na Sir David Attenborough, onye isi ọba ego nke mba England Mark Carney, Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja, na onye isi Shell Oil Maarten Wetselaar. BBC mechara wepụta pọdkastị<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p07z5h48|title=BBC Radio 4 – Best of Today, Today guest edits: Greta Thunberg|publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]]|access-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114024539/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p07z5h48|archive-date=14 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> nwere ajụjụ ọnụ ndị a na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa. Na 11 Jenụwarị 2020, Thunberg kpọrọ ụlọ ọrụ Germany Siemens ka ọ kwụsị nnyefe nke ngwá ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Carmichael coal mine na-ese okwu nke ụlọ ọrụ India Adani Group na Australia na-arụ ọrụ,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.faz.net/1.6576039|title=Bau Australien: Greta Thunberg fordert Siemens zur Aufgabe von Kohle-Projekt auf|journal=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|access-date=12 January 2020|language=de|issn=0174-4909|archive-date=12 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312072906/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/klima-energie-und-umwelt/greta-thunberg-fordert-siemens-zur-aufgabe-von-kohle-projekt-in-australien-auf-16576039.html|url-status=live}}</ref> mana na 13 Jenụwarị, Siemens kwuru na ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-asọpụrụ nkwekọrịta ya na Adani.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/jan/13/adani-coalmine-siemens-ceo-has-empathy-for-environment-but-will-honour-contract|title=Adani coalmine: Siemens CEO has 'empathy' for environment but refuses to quit contract|last=Readfearn|first=Graham|date=13 January 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=13 January 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113111747/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/jan/13/adani-coalmine-siemens-ceo-has-empathy-for-environment-but-will-honour-contract|archive-date=13 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Na 21 Jenụwarị 2020, Thunberg laghachiri na World Economic Forum nke e mere na Davos, Switzerland, wee kwuo okwu abụọ, ma sonye n'otu mkparịta ụka nke The New York Times World Economic forum kwadoro. Thunberg jiri ọtụtụ n'ime isiokwu ndị dị n'okwu ya gara aga mee ihe, mana o lekwasịrị anya n'otu n'ime ha: "Ụlọ anyị ka na-ere ọkụ". Thunberg mere ihe ọchị na ọ pụghị ime mkpesa na a naghị anụ ya, na-asị: "A na-anụ m mgbe niile".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/21/climate/greta-thunberg-davos.html|title=Greta Thunberg's Message at Davos Forum: 'Our House Is Still on Fire'|last=Sengupta|first=Somini|date=21 January 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 January 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121144023/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/21/climate/greta-thunberg-davos.html|archive-date=21 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/jan/21/greta-thunberg-calls-on-world-leaders-to-heed-global-heating-science-davos|title=Greta Thunberg tells leaders at Davos to heed global heating science|last=Elliott|first=Larry|date=21 January 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=21 January 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121120241/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/jan/21/greta-thunberg-calls-on-world-leaders-to-heed-global-heating-science-davos|archive-date=21 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5768561/greta-thunberg-davos-panel-time/|title=Thunberg at Time Panel: 'Pretty Much Nothing Has Been Done' on Climate|magazine=Time|access-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121174416/https://time.com/5768561/greta-thunberg-davos-panel-time/|archive-date=21 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2020, Thunberg gara Mahadum Oxford izute Malala Yousafzai, onye Pakistan na-enweta ihe nrite Nobel Peace Prize maka agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị nke ndị Taliban gbara egbe n'isi dị ka nwa akwụkwọ. Thunberg mechara sonye n'ọgbaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Bristol.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Greta Thunberg meets Malala Yousafzai at Oxford University |author=<!--not stated--> |website=BBC News |date=25 February 2020 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-51632654|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712030057/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-51632654|url-status=live}}</ref> Na 4 Maachị 2020, Thunberg gara nzukọ pụrụ iche nke Kọmitii Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke European Parliament iji kwuo maka Iwu Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe nke Europe. N'ebe ahụ, o kwupụtara na ọ na-ewere atụmatụ ọhụrụ maka iwu ihu igwe nke European Commission bipụtara ka ọ bụrụ inyefe onwe ya.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20200304IPR73905/greta-thunberg-to-meps-we-will-not-allow-you-to-surrender-our-future |title=Greta Thunberg to MEPs: "we will not allow you to surrender our future" |work=[[European Parliament]] |date=4 March 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305202235/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20200304IPR73905/greta-thunberg-to-meps-we-will-not-allow-you-to-surrender-our-future |archive-date=5 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2020, Thunberg kwụsịrị "afọ ezumike" ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ laghachiri na klas. Ọrịa COVID-19 gbochiri njem na nzukọ na 2020 na 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Greta Thunberg regresa a la escuela después de un año |url=https://apnews.com/article/279f81a47adf48e412d205e3a2a928f6|language=es |trans-title=Greta Thunberg returns to school after more than a year|work=[[Associated Press]] |date=25 August 2020 |archive-date=12 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312072905/https://www.msn.com/es-mx/noticias/otras/greta-thunberg-regresa-a-la-escuela-despu%C3%A9s-de-un-a%C3%B1o/ar-BB18mgGr|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 August 2020|title=What Greta Thunberg did with her year off school|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-53902468|access-date=28 August 2020|archive-date=26 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826214231/https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-53902468|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Ọrụ ịntanetị n'ihi COVID-19=== Na mbido afọ 2020, nzaghachi ọrịa COVID-19 chọrọ mgbanwe omume nke gụnyere ịnọpụ iche na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nnọpụiche, na mkpuchi ihu. N'ụbochị nke ịrị na atọ nke ọnwa Maachị Afọ 2020, Thunberg kwuru na "N'ime nsogbu anyị gbanwere omume anyị ma mee mgbanwe na ọnọdụ ọhụrụ maka ọdịmma ka ukwuu nke ọha mmadụ". Thunberg na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ mere ngagharị iwe maka ihu igwe mechara mee ka mmeghachi omume na ngagharị iwe ha n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thunberg|first=Greta|date=13 March 2020|title=School strike week 82|url=https://twitter.com/gretathunberg/status/1238377012235927554|access-date=22 August 2020|website=Twitter|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813081209/https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg/status/1238377012235927554|url-status=live}}</ref> Thunberg and [[School strike for climate]] subsequently moved their activism and protests online.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lawal|first=Shola|date=19 March 2020|title=Coronavirus Halts Street Protests, but Climate Activists Have a Plan|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/19/climate/coronavirus-online-climate-protests.html|access-date=22 August 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=20 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820134606/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/19/climate/coronavirus-online-climate-protests.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Chan|first=Emily|date=21 April 2020|title=Climate activists are holding virtual protests — here's how you can join in from home|url=https://www.vogue.com.au/culture/features/how-greta-thunberg-and-other-climate-activists-are-taking-their-campaign-online/news-story/f23dfd68b16067e280495ac8b91899be|access-date=22 August 2020|website=Vogue Australia}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2020, ncheta nke abụọ nke ọgbaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ Thunberg maka ihu igwe, Thunberg na ndị ọrụ ihu igwe Luisa Neubauer, Anuna de Wever van der Heyden na Adélaïde Charlier zutere Chancellor Germany Angela Merkel na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tidey|first=Alice|date=20 August 2020|title=Watch: Greta Thunberg calls for climate leaders after Merkel meeting|url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/08/20/greta-thunberg-and-angela-merkel-meet-to-discuss-climate-crisis|access-date=22 August 2020|publisher=[[Euronews]]|archive-date=21 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821212835/https://www.euronews.com/2020/08/20/greta-thunberg-and-angela-merkel-meet-to-discuss-climate-crisis|url-status=live}}</ref> Ha mechara kwupụta atụmatụ maka ọgbaghara ihu igwe ọzọ n'ụwa niile na 25 Septemba 2020. Neubauer kwuru na ma ọ bụrụ na ọgbaghara na Septemba bụ n'ụdị ma ọ bụ n'okporo ámá ga-ekpebi site na mberede ọrịa zuru ụwa ọnụ. Na mkparịta ụka ndị nta akụkọ na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na-ekwughachi echiche ya, Neubauer kwuru, sị: "Nsogbu ihu igwe anaghị akwụsị".<ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Thunberg, fellow activists press Merkel over climate action|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/young-activists-meet-merkel-press-case-climate-action-72491266|access-date=22 August 2020|publisher=[[ABC News]]|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822070040/https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/young-activists-meet-merkel-press-case-climate-action-72491266|url-status=live}}</ref> N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Disemba 2020, Thunberg jiri mgbasa ozi Twitter katọọ nkwupụta mberede mgbanwe ihu igwe nke Gọọmentị nke mba New Zealand mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka "ihe mgbaàmà omume ọma", na-akpọ Twitter na Gọọmentị New Zealand Labour kpebisiri ike belata ihe na-erughị otu pasent nke ikuku carbon nke New Zealand ka ọ na-erule afọ 2025.<ref>{{cite news|author1=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=14 December 2020|title='Nothing unique': Greta Thunberg hits out at NZ over climate emergency|work=[[Newstalk ZB]]|url=https://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/news/national/greta-thunberg-calls-out-new-zealand-over-lack-of-climate-change-action/|url-status=live|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214213338/https://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/news/national/greta-thunberg-calls-out-new-zealand-over-lack-of-climate-change-action/|archive-date=14 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="SMH climate emergency">{{cite news|last1=Gibson|first1=Eloise|date=14 December 2020|title=Ardern and Thunberg in spat over climate emergency declaration|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/ardern-and-thunberg-in-spat-over-climate-emergency-declaration-20201214-p56nea.html|url-status=live|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214213552/https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/ardern-and-thunberg-in-spat-over-climate-emergency-declaration-20201214-p56nea.html|archive-date=14 December 2020}}</ref> Na nzaghachi, Praịm Minista New Zealand Jacinda Ardern na Minista mgbanwe ihu igwe James Shaw gbachitere nkwupụta mgbanwe ihu igwe nke New Zealand dị ka naanị mmalite nke ebumnuche mgbochi mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name="SMH climate emergency" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Moore|first1=Heath|date=14 December 2020|title=James Shaw responds after Greta Thunberg calls out NZ over lack of climate change action|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/james-shaw-responds-after-greta-thunberg-calls-out-nz-over-lack-of-climate-change-action/O2IQVQ6QZ2O7OLYIKLI5FAAR3I/|url-status=live|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214041042/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/james-shaw-responds-after-greta-thunberg-calls-out-nz-over-lack-of-climate-change-action/O2IQVQ6QZ2O7OLYIKLI5FAAR3I/|archive-date=14 December 2020}}</ref> Na 29 Disemba 2020, n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ BBC, Thunberg kwuru na anaghị ege ndị ọkachamara n'ihu igwe ntị n'agbanyeghị ọrịa COVID-19 na-eme ka mkpa ọ dị iji sayensị mee ihe iji dozie nsogbu ndị dị otú ahụ. Ọ gbakwụnyere na nsogbu COVID-19 "mere ka ìhè" na otu "anyị ga-esi mee ya na-enweghị sayensị".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/29/we-cannot-make-it-without-science-greta-thunberg-says-climate-experts-are-being-ignored 'We cannot make it without science': Greta Thunberg says climate experts are being ignored] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229191740/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/29/we-cannot-make-it-without-science-greta-thunberg-says-climate-experts-are-being-ignored |date=29 December 2020 }}, the Guardian, 30 December 2020</ref> N'ọnwa Mee 2021, ọ kwurịtara nsogbu COVID-19 ọzọ, mgbe ọ gbara ume ka a gbanwee usoro mmepụta nri na ichebe ụmụ anụmanụ na ebe obibi ha. Okwu Thunberg, nke bịara n'etiti oku maka ihe ndị ọzọ na-enweghị anụ kwukwara banyere nchegbu ahụike gbasara ọdịmma anụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Thunberg kwuru na ụzọ ụmụ mmadụ si ebibi ebe obibi bụ ọnọdụ zuru oke maka mgbasa nke ọrịa ndị dị ka COVID-19, Zika, Ebola, West Nile fever, SARS, MERS, na ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{cite news |title=Climate activist Greta Thunberg takes on food industry |url=https://www.dw.com/en/climate-activist-greta-thunberg-takes-on-food-industry/a-57633673 |access-date=23 May 2021 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221101221/https://www.dw.com/en/climate-activist-greta-thunberg-takes-on-food-industry/a-57633673|archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị 2021, Thunberg natara ọgwụ mgbochi COVID ya, na-ekwu, sị: "Enwere m ekele nke ukwuu ma nwee ihe ùgwù nke inwe ike ibi n'otu akụkụ nke ụwa ebe enwere m ike ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi. Mgbasa ọgwụ mgbochi gburugburu ụwa dị oke iche. Ọ dịghị onye dị nchebe ruo mgbe onye ọ bụla dị nchebe. Ma mgbe a na-enye gị ọgwụ mgbochi, alala azụ. Ọ na-azọpụta ndụ".<ref>{{Cite tweet |last1=Thunberg |first1=Greta | |user=GretaThunberg |number=1420001503218176028|date=27 July 2021 |title=Today I got my first COVID-19 vaccination dose. I am extremely grateful and privileged to be able to live in a part of the world where I can already get vaccinated. The vaccine distribution around the world is extremely unequal. 1/2 |access-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217164322/https://mobile.twitter.com/gretathunberg/status/1420001503218176028|archive-date=17 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Mbipụta izizi nke Vogue Scandinavia (August - September 2021) gosiputara foto mkpuchi nke Thunberg nke ndị na-ese foto na ndị na-echekwa ihe na Sweden bụ Iris na Mattias Alexandrov Klum, na ajụjụ ọnụ ya.<ref name="voguescan">{{Cite web |title=Read Greta Thunberg's Vogue Scandinavia cover interview: Greta on activism, Trump and becoming the voice of a generation |last=Pattinson |first=Tom |website=Vogue Scandinavia |date=8 August 2021 |url= https://www.voguescandinavia.com/articles/greta-the-great|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221101539/https://www.voguescandinavia.com/articles/greta-the-great|archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Ihu ya na-egosi Thunberg na-eyi uwe trench mgbe ya na ịnyịnya Icelandic na-anọdụ ala n'ọhịa dị na mpụga Stockholm. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, Thunberg katọrọ mkpọsa nkwalite nke ụlọ ọrụ ejiji na-eji eme ihe iji yie ihe na-adịgide adịgide n'enweghị "ime ihe ọ bụla iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi" ma kpọọ mkpọsa ahụ "greenwashing".<ref>{{cite news |title=Greta Thunberg criticizes fast fashion in Vogue Scandinavia|url=https://www.dw.com/en/greta-thunberg-criticizes-fast-fashion-in-vogue-scandinavia/a-58802865|access-date=10 August 2021 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221101931/https://www.dw.com/en/greta-thunberg-criticizes-fast-fashion-in-vogue-scandinavia/a-58802865|archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> N'otu ụbọchị ahụ, o jiri mgbasa ozi Twitter katọọ ụlọ ọrụ ejiji dị ka "nnukwu onye na-enye aka" na ihu igwe na "mgbaghara" gburugburu ebe obibi na "ọ bụghị ikwu mmetụta ya na ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ na obodo ndị a na-erigbu gburugburu ụwa ka ụfọdụ wee nwee ike ịnụ ụtọ ejiji ngwa ngwa nke ọtụtụ na-ewere dị ka ihe a na-atụfu".<ref>{{Cite tweet |last1=Thunberg |first1=Greta | |user=GretaThunberg |number=1424423822854397960|date=9 August 2021 |title=The fashion industry is a huge contributor to the climate-and ecological emergency, not to mention its impact on the countless workers and communities who are being exploited around the world in order for some to enjoy fast fashion that many treat as disposables. 1/3 |access-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221102827/https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg/status/1424423822854397960|archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Thunberg calls out climate impact of fashion brands in Vogue interview|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58145465|access-date=10 August 2021|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=9 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221103235/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58145465|archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Uwe ajị anụ nke Thunberg nwetara nkatọ site n'aka ndị na-eri nri. Dị ka People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) si kwuo, ọ maghị na ejiji ahụ bụ ezigbo ajị anụ sitere na anụmanụ.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sachkova |first1=Margarita |title=Greta Thunberg Under Fire for Wearing Wool in 'Vogue' Cover Article – PETA Says Hang Tight! |url=https://www.peta.org.uk/blog/greta-thunberg-vogue-cover-wool/ |access-date=23 September 2021 |work=PETA UK |date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221103427/https://www.peta.org.uk/blog/greta-thunberg-vogue-cover-wool/ |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> N'ụbochị ịrị abụọ na asatọ nke ọnwa Septemba afọ 2021, Thunberg katọrọ onye isi ala US Joe Biden, praịm minista Britain Boris Johnson, praịm minista India Narendra Modi na ndị isi ụwa ndị ọzọ maka nkwa ha kwere iji dozie nsogbu ihu igwe n'okwu ha na Youth4Climate Summit na Milan.<ref>{{cite news|title='Build back better, blah blah blah': Greta Thunberg mocks Joe Biden and Boris Johnson in climate speech|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/greta-thunberg-boris-johnson-youth4climate-b1928555.html|work=The Independent|date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221103606/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/greta-thunberg-boris-johnson-youth4climate-b1928555.html|archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live|access-date=30 October 2021}}</ref> Thunberg katọkwara ma nwee obi abụọ banyere ndị na-ahazi nzukọ ihu igwe, na-ekwu "Ha na-akpọ ndị na-eto eto ahọpụtara na nzukọ dị ka nke a iji mee ka ha na-ege anyị ntị. Ma ha abụghị".<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 September 2021|title=Swedish Climate Activist Greta Thunberg Criticizes World Leaders at Youth Climate Summit - September 29, 2021|url=https://dailynewsbrief.com/2021/09/29/swedish-climate-activist-greta-thunberg-criticizes-world-leaders-at-youth-climate-summit/|access-date=4 October 2021|website=Daily News Brief|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221103749/https://dailynewsbrief.com/2021/09/29/swedish-climate-activist-greta-thunberg-criticizes-world-leaders-at-youth-climate-summit/|archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live|accessdate=5 September 2022|archivedate=21 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221103749/https://dailynewsbrief.com/2021/09/29/swedish-climate-activist-greta-thunberg-criticizes-world-leaders-at-youth-climate-summit/}}</ref> Otu ọnwa mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Thunberg sonyere na ngagharị iwe na [[London]], na-achọ ka usoro ego kwụsị ịkwado ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ndị na-eji mmanụ ala dị ka coal, mmanụ na gas sitere n'okike.<ref name="bbc2021">{{Cite news|date=29 October 2021|title=Greta Thunberg: Activist calls on banks to stop funding climate 'destruction'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-59090943|access-date=31 October 2021|publisher=[[BBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221110245/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-59090943|archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Ngagharị iwe ahụ na London bụ akụkụ nke usoro na-ewere ọnọdụ na ụlọ ọrụ ego gburugburu ụwa, gụnyere New York City, San Francisco na Nairobi.<ref name="bbc2021"/> Ọ gwara onye nta akụkọ BBC Andrew Marr na ụlọ akụ kwesịrị "ikwụsị ịkwụ ụgwọ maka mbibi anyị", tupu nzukọ ihu igwe nke UN COP26.<ref name="bbc2021"/> Na 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference na Glasgow, Thunberg gara otu panel gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Britain bụ Emma Watson kwadoro.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bryan |first=Anna |date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/environment/cop26-harry-potter-actress-emma-watson-hosts-panel-event-attended-by-greta-thunberg-at-glasgow-climate-change-summit-3445690 |title=COP26: Harry Potter actress Emma Watson hosts panel event, attended by Greta Thunberg, at Glasgow climate change summit |work=The Scotsman |access-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712024734/https://www.scotsman.com/news/environment/cop26-harry-potter-actress-emma-watson-hosts-panel-event-attended-by-greta-thunberg-at-glasgow-climate-change-summit-3445690|archive-date=12 July 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2021, Greta Thunberg na ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ihu igwe malitere itinye akwụkwọ mkpesa na United Nations na-akpọ ya ka ọ kwupụta ọnọdụ mberede ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke atọ. Nke a ga-eduga n'ịmepụta otu pụrụ iche nke ga-ahazi nzaghachi maka nsogbu ihu igwe na mba ụwa. Nzaghachi kwesịrị ịdị ma ọ dịkarịa ala ike dịka nzaghachi maka ọrịa COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bryant |first1=Miranda |title=Youth activists petition UN to declare 'systemwide climate emergency' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/10/youth-activists-petition-un-to-declare-systemwide-climate-emergency |access-date=12 November 2021 |agency=The Guardian |date=10 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221110541/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/10/youth-activists-petition-un-to-declare-systemwide-climate-emergency|archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba 2021, Thunberg kwughachiri nkatọ ya megide onye isi ala US Joe Biden, na-ekwu "Ọ bụrụ na ị na-akpọ ya onye ndu, ọ bụ ihe ijuanya na ndị mmadụ na-ahuta Joe Biden dị ka onye ndu maka ihu igwe mgbe ị hụrụ ihe nchịkwa ya na-eme", na-arutu aka na mgbasawanye US na ojiji nke mmanụ ala n'oge nchịkwa Biden. Thunberg gara n'ihu kwara arịrị na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma dị mkpa iji mee ka a mara banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/greta-thunberg-hits-out-at-biden-says-it-e2-80-99s-e2-80-98strange-e2-80-99-he-e2-80-99s-considered-a-leader-on-climate/ar-AASd4jY|title=Greta Thunberg hits out at Biden, says it's 'strange' he's considered a leader on climate|website=MSN|date=29 December 2021|access-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105122658/https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/greta-thunberg-hits-out-at-biden-says-it-e2-80-99s-e2-80-98strange-e2-80-99-he-e2-80-99s-considered-a-leader-on-climate/ar-AASd4jY|archive-date=5 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Mkpesa nke Ebe A Na-egwupụta Ihe n'Ime Beowulf=== Thunberg akatọọla ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe na Britain a kpọrọ Beowulf maka ọrụ igwupụta ígwè n'ala Sami. O kwuru na "Anyị kwenyere na ihu igwe, gburugburu ebe obibi, ikuku dị ọcha, mmiri, ịzụ anụ reindeer, ikike ụmụ amaala na ọdịnihu nke mmadụ kwesịrị ibute ụzọ karịa uru dị mkpirikpi nke ụlọ ọrụ. Gọọmentị Sweden kwesịrị ịkwụsị ọchịchị ndị Sami."<ref>{{Cite web|title="Permanent Negative Impact": Activist Greta Thunberg Protests Sweden Mine|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/greta-thunberg-greta-thunberg-news-permanent-negative-impact-activist-greta-thunberg-protests-sweden-mine-2751751|access-date=17 February 2022|website=NDTV.com|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712031147/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/greta-thunberg-greta-thunberg-news-permanent-negative-impact-activist-greta-thunberg-protests-sweden-mine-2751751|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Ọnọdụ banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe=== [[File:Greta Thunberg- World Economic Forum (Davos).webm|thumb|right|thumbtime=05:27|Vidio nke Thunberg na-ekwu okwu na 2019 World Economic Forum na Davos]] [[File:FFF Berlin 2019-07-19 055.jpg|thumb|right|Thunberg na-ekwu okwu na July 2019 ụlọ akwụkwọ na-eme ngagharị iwe maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na Berlin]] Thunberg na-ekwusi ike na ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ na-eche nsogbu dị adị ihu n'ihi okpomọkụ ụwa<ref name="politico.eu">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/global-climate-icon-finds-that-political-change-is-complicated/ |title=Climate icon Greta Thunberg finds that political change is 'complicated' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806050104/https://www.politico.eu/article/global-climate-icon-finds-that-political-change-is-complicated/ |work=Politico |date=16 April 2019 |first=Kalina |last=Oroschakoff|archive-date=6 August 2019 }}</ref> ma na-ata ọgbọ ndị okenye dị ugbu a uta maka ịmepụta nsogbu ahụ.<ref>{{cite interview |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2018/12/13/you_are_stealing_our_future_greta |date=13 December 2018 |first=Greta |last=Thunberg |title=You Are Stealing Our Future: Greta Thunberg, 15, Condemns the World's Inaction on Climate Change |website=Democracy Now! |access-date=13 December 2018 |interviewer=[[Amy Goodman]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104231252/https://www.democracynow.org/2018/12/13/you_are_stealing_our_future_greta|archive-date=4 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ na-eji ihe atụ (dị ka "ụlọ anyị na-ere ọkụ") iji mee ka nchegbu ya pụta ìhè ma na-agwa ndị isi azụmaahịa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị okwu n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi banyere ọdịda ha n'ime ihe ha jikọrọ aka.<ref name="Nation0128">{{cite news|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/greta-thunberg-climate-change-davos/|title=The Climate Kids Are Coming|last=Hertsgaard|first=Mark|date=28 January 2019|work=[[The Nation]]|access-date=14 February 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215050427/https://www.thenation.com/article/greta-thunberg-climate-change-davos/|archive-date=15 February 2019|author-link=Mark Hertsgaard}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2018/10/31/our-darkest-hour-declaration-rebellion-new-group-vows-mass-civil-disobedience-save|title='This Is Our Darkest Hour': With Declaration of Rebellion, New Group Vows Mass Civil Disobedience to Save Planet|last=Germanos|first=Andrea|date=31 October 2018|website=Common Dreams|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118205840/https://www.commondreams.org/news/2018/10/31/our-darkest-hour-declaration-rebellion-new-group-vows-mass-civil-disobedience-save|archive-date=18 November 2018|access-date=22 July 2019}}</ref> Thunberg ekwuola na mgbanwe ihu igwe ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu nye ndị na-eto eto nke ọdịnihu ha ga-emetụta nke ukwuu. Ọ na-ekwu na ọgbọ ya nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ọdịnihu ọzọ n'ihi na "a na-ere ọdịnihu ahụ ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị mmadụ wee nwee ike inweta ego a na-apụghị ichetụ n'echiche".<ref name="Guardian MPS Speech">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/apr/23/greta-thunberg-full-speech-to-mps-you-did-not-act-in-time|title='You did not act in time': Greta Thunberg's full speech to MPs|last=Thunberg|first=Greta|date=23 April 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=31 August 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831214211/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/apr/23/greta-thunberg-full-speech-to-mps-you-did-not-act-in-time|archive-date=31 August 2019}}</ref> O kwukwara na ndị mmadụ nọ na Global South ga-ata ahụhụ karịa site na mgbanwe ihu igwe, ọ bụ ezie na ha enyeghị aka nke nta n'ihe gbasara ikuku carbon dioxide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/06/07/challenging-us-all-confront-realities-climate-crisis-greta-thunberg-and-fridays|title=For 'Challenging Us All to Confront the Realities of the Climate Crisis,' Greta Thunberg and Fridays for Future Movement Win Amnesty's Top Human Rights Award|last=Johnson|first=Jake|date=7 June 2019|website=Common Dreams|access-date=26 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127022414/https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/06/07/challenging-us-all-confront-realities-climate-crisis-greta-thunberg-and-fridays|archive-date=27 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Thunberg ekwupụtala nkwado maka ndị ọzọ na-eto eto na-eme ngagharị iwe si mba ndị na-emepe emepe na-eche mmetụta ọjọọ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe ihu. N'ikwu okwu na Madrid na Disemba 2019, o kwuru, sị: "Anyị na-ekwu maka ọdịnihu anyị, ha na-ekwu ihe banyere ugbu a ha".<ref name="AP Focus on Others">{{cite news | last1 = Jordans | first1 = Frank | last2 = Parra | first2 = Aritz | title = Too much of a Greta thing? Activist urges focus on others | work = [[Associated Press]] | date = 9 December 2019 |url=https://apnews.com/baa29614a79cbcd2edb83b9e3f7de90f | archive-url=https://archive.today/20200209212828/https://apnews.com/baa29614a79cbcd2edb83b9e3f7de90f | archive-date = 9 February 2020 | url-status = live | access-date = 9 February 2020 }}</ref> N'ikwu okwu na nnọkọ mba ụwa, ọ na-ata ndị isi ụwa ụta na a na-eme obere ihe iji belata mweputa ajọ ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=I want you to panic: 16-year-old issues climate warning at Davos |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjsLm5PCdVQ&t=2m23s |time=2:23 |first=Greta |last=Thunberg |publisher=Guardian News |via=YouTube |date=25 January 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917150326/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjsLm5PCdVQ&t=2m23s|archive-date=17 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwu na ibelata ikuku ezughị, ma na-ekwu ka ọ dị mkpa ibelata ikuku ruo efu ma ọ bụrụ na ụwa ga-eme ka okpomọkụ ụwa dị n'okpuru 1.5 °C. N'ikwu okwu na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Britain n'ọnwa Eprel 2019, o kwuru, sị: "Eziokwu ahụ bụ na anyị na-ekwu maka 'ịbelata' kama 'ịkwụsị' ikuku bụ ikekwe ike kachasị n'azụ azụmaahịa na-aga n'ihu dị ka ọ dị ka ọ na-adịkarị".<ref name="Our house is on fire">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/25/our-house-is-on-fire-greta-thunberg16-urges-leaders-to-act-on-climate|title='Our house is on fire': Greta Thunberg, 16, urges leaders to act on climate|last=Thunberg|first=Greta|date=25 January 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 February 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725051443/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/25/our-house-is-on-fire-greta-thunberg16-urges-leaders-to-act-on-climate|archive-date=25 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/02/opinion/climate-change-greta-thunberg.html |title=Opinion &#124; The Problem With Greta Thunberg's Climate Activism |first=Christopher |last=Caldwell |date=2 August 2019 |work=The New York Times|access-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819194121/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/02/opinion/climate-change-greta-thunberg.html|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Iji mee ihe dị mkpa, ọ gbakwụnyere na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ekwesịghị ige ya ntị, ha kwesịrị ige ntị n'ihe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu banyere otu esi edozi nsogbu ahụ.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-48018034/climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-listen-to-climate-scientists|title='It's an existential crisis. Listen to scientists'|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814200923/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-48018034/climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-listen-to-climate-scientists|archive-date=14 August 2019|access-date=31 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Our house is on fire"/> Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Mattia Zulianello na Diego Ceccobelli si kwuo, enwere ike ịkọwa echiche Thunberg dị ka ecocentrism nke teknụzụ, nke dabeere na "ịdị elu nke vox scientifica".<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zulianello|first1=Mattia|last2=Ceccobelli|first2=Diego|date=2020|title=Don't Call it Climate Populism: on Greta Thunberg's Technocratic Ecocentrism|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-923X.12858|journal=The Political Quarterly|volume=91|issue=3|pages=623–631|doi=10.1111/1467-923X.12858|s2cid=219919296}}</ref> Karịsịa, Thunberg ekwuola na nkwa ndị e mere na nkwekọrịta Paris ezughi iji belata okpomọkụ ụwa ruo 1.5 degrees, nakwa na usoro ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ kwesịrị ịmalite ịdaba nke ukwuu n'oge na-adịghị anya karịa 2020 dị ka akọwapụtara na 2018 Special Report on Global Warming nke 1.5 ° C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/07/29/deliver-fundamental-message-survival-future-generations-greta-thunberg-sail-atlantic|title=To Deliver 'Fundamental Message' for 'Survival of Future Generations,' Greta Thunberg to Sail Atlantic for Americas|last=Germanos|first=Andrea|date=29 July 2019|website=Common Dreams|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831085522/https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/07/29/deliver-fundamental-message-survival-future-generations-greta-thunberg-sail-atlantic|archive-date=31 August 2019|access-date=31 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Guardian MPS Speech" /> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2019, na nzukọ nke European Economic and Social Committee, o kwuru na ebumnuche EU ugbu a iji belata ikuku site na pasent ịrị anọ site na 2030 "ezughị iji chebe ọdịnihu maka ụmụaka na-etolite taa" nakwa na EU ga-ebelata ikuku carbon dioxide okpukpu abụọ nke pasent ịrị asatọ, iji nweta pasent ịrị anọ ha bụ n'uche.<ref name="auto2">{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/climate-activist-thunberg-urges-eu-double-carbon-reduction-111042030.html|title=Climate activist Thunberg urges EU to double carbon reduction targets|last=Carmichael|first=Lachlan|date=22 February 2019|access-date=22 February 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221172831/https://news.yahoo.com/climate-activist-thunberg-urges-eu-double-carbon-reduction-111042030.html|archive-date=21 February 2019|agency=Agence France-Presse|via=Yahoo! News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/feb/21/greta-thunberg-tells-eu-your-greenhouse-gas-targets-are-too-low|title=Greta Thunberg tells EU: your climate targets need doubling|last=Rankin|first=Jennifer|date=21 February 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=31 August 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901001043/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/feb/21/greta-thunberg-tells-eu-your-greenhouse-gas-targets-are-too-low|archive-date=1 September 2019|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> Thunberg kwughachiri echiche ya banyere enweghị ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ajụjụ ọnụ ọnwa Nọvemba 2020 ebe o kwuru na "ndị ndú nwere obi ụtọ ịdobe ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka ọtụtụ iri afọ n'ihu, mana ọ ga-emebi mgbe ọ dị mkpa ime ihe ozugbo".<ref name="carrington-2020-11-09">{{cite news | last1 = Carrington | first1 = Damian | title = 'Hypocrites and greenwash': Greta Thunberg blasts leaders over climate crisis | date = 9 November 2020 | work = The Guardian | location = London, United Kingdom | issn = 0261-3077 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/nov/09/hypocrites-and-greenwash-greta-thunberg-climate-crisis | access-date = 9 November 2020 | archive-date = 9 November 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109130732/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/nov/09/hypocrites-and-greenwash-greta-thunberg-climate-crisis | url-status = live }}</ref> Ọ katọrọ European Green Deal, nke na-ezube ime ka ihu igwe EU ghara itinye aka na 2050,<ref>{{cite news |title=Greta Thunberg says EU recovery plan fails to tackle climate crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jul/21/greta-thunberg-says-eu-recovery-plans-climate-provisions-inadequate |work=The Guardian |date=21 July 2020}}</ref> na-ekwu na ọ "na-eziga ihe mgbaàmà siri ike na a na-eme ihe n'ezie ma zuru ezu mgbe n'ezie ọ bụghị. Okike anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, ị pụghịkwa ime nkwekọrịta na physics."<ref>{{cite news |title=Thunberg dubs new EU climate law 'a surrender' |url=https://euobserver.com/green-deal/147633 |work=EUobserver i |date=5 March 2020}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ obere oge tupu nzukọ COP26 nke 2021 na Glasgow, a jụrụ Thunberg otú o si nwee nchekwube na nzukọ ahụ nwere ike inweta ihe ọ bụla, na nzaghachi, ọ siri, "Ọ dịghị ihe gbanwere site na afọ ndị gara aga n'ezie. Ndị isi ga-ekwu 'anyị ga-eme nke a ma anyị ga-eme ya, anyị ga-ejikọkwa ndị agha anyị ọnụ ma nweta nke a', mgbe ahụ ha agaghị eme ihe ọ bụla. Ikekwe ụfọdụ ihe nnọchianya na ndekọ ego na ihe ndị na-enweghị mmetụta dị ukwuu. Anyị nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ COPs dịka anyị chọrọ, mana ọ nweghị ezigbo ihe ga-esi na ya pụta.<ref name=hattenstone >{{Cite news |title=Interview: The transformation of Greta Thunberg |last=Hattenstone |first=Simon |newspaper=The Guardian |date=25 September 2021 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2021/sep/25/greta-thunberg-i-really-see-the-value-of-friendship-apart-from-the-climate-almost-nothing-else-matters |quote=I really see the value of friendship. Apart from the climate, almost nothing else matters }}</ref> " Ọ kpọrọ onye isi ala China Xi Jinping "onye ndú nke ọchịchị aka ike" ma kwuo na "ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ naanị ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu ihu igwe, ebe ọ bụ na naanị ihe nwere ike ịwepụ anyị n'ọnọdụ a bụ ... nnukwu nrụgide ọha na eze".<ref>{{cite news |title=Greta Thunberg: I'm open to meeting Biden at Cop26 but don't expect much |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/12/greta-thunberg-cop26-interview |work=The Guardian |date=12 October 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2021, ọ rutere n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Glasgow Central maka COP26. Ọ kwuru okwu na ụfọdụ ngagharị iwe n'oge COP, ma gaa n'ihu na Friday for Future Scotland climate strike na Friday 5 November; o kwuru n'ajụjụ ọnụ mbụ na ọha na eze kwesịrị "ikpochapụ usoro ahụ".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Greta Thunberg to march at Glasgow climate protest |author= |website=BBC News |date=26 October 2021 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-59047342}}</ref> O kwuru okwu nye ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ebe ọ kọwara COP26 dị ka ọdịda, na-ekwu maka "blah blah blah" na greenwashing.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Cop26 is a failure': Greta Thunberg rallies climate activists in Glasgow |author=<!--not stated--> |work=The Guardian |agency=Reuters |date=5 November 2021 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/video/2021/nov/05/cop26-is-a-failure-greta-thunberg-rallies-climate-activists-in-glasgow-video}} Link to video of Thunberg's speech</ref> ===Nzaghachi ọha na eze na mmetụta=== Thunberg enwetala nkwado siri ike na nkatọ siri ike maka ọrụ ya site n'aka ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị nta akụkọ.<ref>Multiple sources: * {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/15/climate-strikers-urgency-un-summit-world-leaders |title=The climate strikers should inspire us all to act at the next UN summit |date=15 March 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=12 April 2020 |author-link=António Guterres |first=António |last=Guterres |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318075042/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/15/climate-strikers-urgency-un-summit-world-leaders |archive-date=18 March 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{Cite news |url=https://thehill.com/hilltv/rising/462777-climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-terrifies-people|title=Climate change activist: Thunberg 'being the face of this issue terrifies so many people'|last=Bonn|first=Tess|date=24 September 2019|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415042253/https://thehill.com/hilltv/rising/462777-climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-terrifies-people|archive-date=15 April 2020|url-status=live}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/morrison-warns-against-needless-anxiety-after-thunberg-climate-speech-20190925-p52uma.html|title=Morrison warns against 'needless anxiety' after Thunberg climate speech|last=Crowe|first=David|date=25 September 2019|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=12 April 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031131722/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/morrison-warns-against-needless-anxiety-after-thunberg-climate-speech-20190925-p52uma.html|archive-date=31 October 2019}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/worlds-leaders-turn-on-greta-thunberg-after-legal-move-over-carbon-emissions-w3dnr75bs|title=World's leaders turn on Greta Thunberg after legal move over carbon emissions|last=Moody|first=Oliver|date=26 September 2019|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=12 April 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031132127/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/worlds-leaders-turn-on-greta-thunberg-after-legal-move-over-carbon-emissions-w3dnr75bs|archive-date=31 October 2019}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-putin-thunberg/putin-i-dont-share-excitement-about-greta-thunbergs-un-speech-idUSKBN1WH1FM|title=Putin: I don't share excitement about Greta Thunberg's U.N. speech|last1=Soldatkin|first1=Vladimir|date=2 October 2019|access-date=5 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117151345/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-putin-thunberg/putin-i-dont-share-excitement-about-greta-thunbergs-un-speech-idUSKBN1WH1FM|archive-date=17 November 2019|work=[[Reuters]]|last2=Zhdannikov|first2=Dmitry}} * {{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/24/politics/trump-greta-thunberg-climate-change-trnd/index.html|title=Trump mocks teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg|last1=Stracqualursi|first1=Veronica|date=25 September 2019|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=5 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005131531/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/24/politics/trump-greta-thunberg-climate-change-trnd/index.html|archive-date=5 October 2019}} * {{Cite news|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/climate-deniers-launch-personal-attacks-on-teen-activist/|title=Climate Deniers Launch Personal Attacks on Teen Activist|last=Waldman|first=Scott|date=9 August 2019|access-date=12 April 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810152737/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/climate-deniers-launch-personal-attacks-on-teen-activist/|archive-date=10 August 2019}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/01/greta-thunberg-right-environmental-activist-attacks|title=The hounding of Greta Thunberg is proof that the right has run out of ideas|last=Chakrabortty|first=Aditya|date=1 May 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721202913/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/01/greta-thunberg-right-environmental-activist-attacks|archive-date=21 July 2019}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/14/germanys-afd-attacks-greta-thunberg-as-it-embraces-climate-denial|title=Germany's AfD turns on Greta Thunberg as it embraces climate denial|last=Connolly|first=Kate|date=14 May 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717071822/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/14/germanys-afd-attacks-greta-thunberg-as-it-embraces-climate-denial|archive-date=17 July 2019}} * {{cite news |first=Adam |last=Vaughan |title=The Year the World Woke up to Climate Change |work=New Scientist |date=18 December 2019 |volume=244 |number=3261/62 |pages=20–21 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24432613-000-the-world-started-to-wake-up-to-climate-change-in-2019-now-what/ |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222172751/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24432613-000-the-world-started-to-wake-up-to-climate-change-in-2019-now-what/ |archive-date=22 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Thunberg zutere ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị isi ụwa, mana o kwuru na ọ pụghị iche echiche banyere otu onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị masịrị ya. Mgbe a jụrụ ya banyere praịm minista New Zealand a na-akwanyere ùgwù Jacinda Ardern, onye kọwara nsogbu ihu igwe dị ka ihe gbasara ndụ ma ọ bụ ọnwụ, Thunberg kwuru "Ọ bụ ihe ọchị na ndị mmadụ kwenyere na Jacinda Ardert na ndị dị ka nke ahụ bụ ndị isi ihu igwe. Nke ahụ na-agwa gị etu obere mmadụ si mara banyere nsogbu ihu igwe. " Thunberg leghaara okwu na mmetụta anya: "N'ụzọ doro anya, ikuku anaghị ada. Ọ na-aga n'ekwughị na ndị a anaghị eme ihe ọ bụla" (n'ezie, ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na New Zealand jiri pasent abụọ rịa elu n'afọ 2019).<ref name=":7" /> ===Nzaghachi mba ụwa=== N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2019, ndị ọkà mmụta narị abụọ na ịrị abụọ na anọ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi nkwado na-ekwu na omume Thunberg na ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ na-eme ngagharị iwe kpaliri ha ịnụ olu ha.<ref>{{cite news |title=School climate strike children's brave stand has our support |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/feb/13/school-climate-strike-childrens-brave-stand-has-our-support |newspaper=The Guardian |date=13 February 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825072245/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/feb/13/school-climate-strike-childrens-brave-stand-has-our-support |archive-date=25 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations António Guterres kwadoro ọgbaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Thunberg malitere, na-ekweta, sị: "Ọgbọ m emeghị ihe ịma aka dị egwu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ndị na-eto eto na-enwe mmetụta miri emi na nke a. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ha na-ewe iwe".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/15/climate-strikers-urgency-un-summit-world-leaders |title=The climate strikers should inspire us all to act at the next UN summit |date=15 March 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=18 March 2019 |author-link=António Guterres |first=António |last=Guterres |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318075042/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/15/climate-strikers-urgency-un-summit-world-leaders |archive-date=18 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> N'ikwu okwu n'otu ihe omume na New Zealand na Mee 2019, Guterres kwuru na ọgbọ ya "emerighị agha megide mgbanwe ihu igwe" nakwa na ọ dị n'aka ndị ntorobịa "ịzọpụta mbara ala".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/politics/news/article.cfm?c_id=280&objectid=12230530 |title=UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres says his generation should have done more on climate change |last=Walls |first=Jason |newspaper=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=13 May 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516124801/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/politics/news/article.cfm?c_id=280&objectid=12230530 |archive-date=16 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị=== [[File:Greta Thunberg urges MEPs to show climate leadership - 49617793623.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Thunberg na-agba ndị MEP ume igosi ndị isi ihu igwe.]] Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị otu Democratic maka ntuli aka onye isi ala United States nke 2020 dịka Kamala Harris, Beto O'Rourke, na Bernie Sanders gosipụtara nkwado mgbe okwu ya gasịrị na nzukọ nke Septemba 2019 na New York.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/hilltv/rising/462777-climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-terrifies-people|title=Climate change activist: Thunberg 'being the face of this issue terrifies so many people'|last=Bonn|first=Tess|date=24 September 2019|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=26 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207021714/https://thehill.com/hilltv/rising/462777-climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-terrifies-people|archive-date=7 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Onye isi ala Germany bụ Angela Merkel gosipụtara na ndị na-eto eto na-eme ihe dịka Thunberg emeela ka gọọmentị ya mee ihe ngwa ngwa gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190719-merkel-says-greta-thunberg-drove-us-move-climate-change|title=Merkel says Greta Thunberg 'drove us' to move on climate change|date=19 July 2019|publisher=[[France 24]]|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128111722/https://www.france24.com/en/20190719-merkel-says-greta-thunberg-drove-us-move-climate-change|archive-date=28 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị akatọwokwa Thunberg na mkpọsa ya, site na mwakpo onwe onye ruo nkwupụta na ọ na-eme ka okwu ndị dị mgbagwoju anya dị mfe. N'etiti ha bụ praịm minista Australia [[Scott Morrison]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/morrison-warns-against-needless-anxiety-after-thunberg-climate-speech-20190925-p52uma.html|title=Morrison warns against 'needless anxiety' after Thunberg climate speech|last=Crowe|first=David|date=25 September 2019|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=31 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031131722/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/morrison-warns-against-needless-anxiety-after-thunberg-climate-speech-20190925-p52uma.html|archive-date=31 October 2019}}</ref> onye jị ọkwa chancellor [[Germany]] [[Angela Merkel]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/worlds-leaders-turn-on-greta-thunberg-after-legal-move-over-carbon-emissions-w3dnr75bs|title=World's leaders turn on Greta Thunberg after legal move over carbon emissions|last=Moody|first=Oliver|date=26 September 2019|work=The Times|access-date=31 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031132127/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/worlds-leaders-turn-on-greta-thunberg-after-legal-move-over-carbon-emissions-w3dnr75bs|archive-date=31 October 2019}}</ref> onye isi ala France [[Emmanuel Macron]],<ref>{{cite news |title=French President Emmanuel Macron says Greta Thunberg will 'antagonize societies' after she filed a lawsuit accusing France of inaction on global warming |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/french-president-reacts-to-greta-thunbergs-climate-change-lawsuit-2019-9 |work=Business Insider |date=24 September 2019}}</ref> onye isi ala [[Russia]] [[Vladimir Putin]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin: I don't share excitement about Greta Thunberg's U.N. speech |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-putin-thunberg-idUSKBN1WH1FM |work=[[Reuters]] |date=2 October 2019}}</ref> [[OPEC]] (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) na onye isi ala US [[Donald Trump]] ugboro ugboro.<ref name=":4">{{cite news|url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/826/climate-campaigners-greatest-threat-oil-sector-opec-doc-1i79w11|title=Climate campaigners 'greatest threat' to oil sector: OPEC|date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704220750/https://www.afp.com/en/news/826/climate-campaigners-greatest-threat-oil-sector-opec-doc-1i79w11|archive-date=4 July 2019|agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> Na Septemba 2019, Trump kesara vidiyo nke Thunberg na-agwa ndị isi ụwa okwu n'iwe, yana okwu ya na "ndị mmadụ na-anwụ, usoro okike dum na-adakwa ada. Anyị nọ na mbido mkpochapụ dị ukwuu." Trump dere banyere Thunberg, na-eziga ozi na mgbasa ozi Twitter, sị: "O yiri ka ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ nwere obi ụtọ na-atụ anya ọdịnihu dị mma ma dị ebube. Ọ dị mma ịhụ!" Thunberg meghachiri site n'ịgbanwe akụkọ Twitter ya iji kwekọọ na nkọwa ya, ma kwuo na ọ pụghị "ịghọta ihe mere ndị okenye ga-eji họrọ ịkwa ụmụaka na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ọchị maka naanị nkwurịta okwu na ime ihe na sayensị mgbe ha nwere ike ime ihe dị mma kama".<ref>Multiple sources: * {{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/24/politics/trump-greta-thunberg-climate-change-trnd/index.html|title=Trump mocks teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg|last1=Stracqualursi|first1=Veronica|date=25 September 2019|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=5 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005131531/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/24/politics/trump-greta-thunberg-climate-change-trnd/index.html|archive-date=5 October 2019}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-un-thunberg/teenage-climate-activist-thunberg-takes-on-trumps-twitter-taunt-idUSKBN1W9299|title=Teenage climate activist Thunberg takes on Trump's Twitter taunt|last1=Nichols|first1=Michelle|date=25 September 2019|access-date=5 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005073433/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-un-thunberg/teenage-climate-activist-thunberg-takes-on-trumps-twitter-taunt-idUSKBN1W9299|archive-date=5 October 2019|work=[[Reuters]]}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/deb9b5aea9b24ee6a579f242d9149982|title=Greta: Grown-ups mock children because world view threatened|last1=Gilles|first1=Rob|date=28 September 2019|access-date=5 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930202854/https://www.apnews.com/deb9b5aea9b24ee6a579f242d9149982|archive-date=30 September 2019|work=[[Associated Press]]|last2=Jordans|first2=Frank}} * {{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/trump-slammed-trolling-greta-thunberg-climate-speech-071912588.html|title=Trump slammed for trolling Greta Thunberg climate speech|date=25 September 2019|access-date=5 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006232010/https://news.yahoo.com/trump-slammed-trolling-greta-thunberg-climate-speech-071912588.html|archive-date=6 October 2019|agency=[[Agence France Presse]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba 2019, Onye isi ala Trump kwara Thunberg emo ọzọ mgbe Time kpọrọ ya Onye nke Afọ maka afọ 2019, na-asị: "Ọ bụ ihe nzuzu. Greta ga-arụ ọrụ na nsogbu nchịkwa iwe ya, wee soro enyi ya gaa na ezigbo ihe nkiri ochie! Chill Greta, Chill!".<ref>{{Cite tweet |author=Donald Trump |author-link=Donald Trump |user=realDonaldTrump |number=1205100602025545730 |date=12 December 2019 |title=So ridiculous. Greta must work on her Anger Management problem, then go to a good old fashioned movie with a friend! Chill Greta, Chill! |access-date=12 January 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214070506/https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1205100602025545730 |archive-date=14 December 2019}}</ref> Thunberg zaghachiri site n'ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ Twitter ya ka ọ bụrụ: "Onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na-arụ ọrụ na nsogbu nchịkwa iwe ya. Ugbu a na-ajụ oyi ma na-ekiri ezigbo ihe nkiri ochie na enyi."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/12/us/politics/greta-thunberg-trump.html|title=Trump Mocks Greta Thunberg on Twitter, and She Jabs Back|last=Taylor|first=Derrick Bryson|date=12 December 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=14 December 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214194438/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/12/us/politics/greta-thunberg-trump.html|archive-date=14 December 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> N'oge ntuli aka onye isi ala nke United States na 2020, Thunberg kwuru na Trump tweet "STOP THE COUNT!" na ederede: "Ọ bụ ihe nzuzu. Donald ga-arụ ọrụ na nsogbu nchịkwa iwe ya, wee soro enyi ya gaa na ezigbo ihe nkiri ochie! Chill Donald, Chill!"<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/greta-thunberg-mocks-trump-over-election-fraud-claims/a-55516598 |title=Greta Thunberg mocks Trump over election fraud claims |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121001221/https://www.dw.com/en/greta-thunberg-mocks-trump-over-election-fraud-claims/a-55516598 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7447420/greta-thunberg-donald-trump-tweet/ |title=Greta Thunberg mocks Trump's election rage: 'Chill, Donald, chill!' |publisher=[[Global News]] |access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121070803/https://globalnews.ca/news/7447420/greta-thunberg-donald-trump-tweet/ |url-status=live }}</ref> N’ọnwa 2019, Putin kọwara Thunberg dị ka “nwa agbọghọ nwere obi oma na ezigbo obi”, ebe ọ na-atụ aro ka a na-emegharị ya iji jeere ọdịmma ndị ọzọ ozi. Putin katọrọ ya dị ka "onye na-amaghị nke ọma", na-agbakwụnye, sị: "Ọ dịghị onye kọwara Greta na ụwa nke oge a dị mgbagwoju anya ma dị iche iche na ndị mmadụ n'Africa ma ọ bụ n'ọtụtụ mba Eshia chọrọ ibi ndụ n'otu ọkwa akụ na ụba dị na Sweden." N'otu aka ahụ mmeghachi omume ya na Trump, Thunberg melitere ihe o dere na Twitter ya iji gosipụta nkọwa Putin banyere ya.<ref>Multiple sources: * {{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-poorly-informed-claims-vladimir-putin-11826259|title=Putin: I'm not excited by 'poorly informed' Greta Thunberg|last=Snuggs|first=Tania|date=3 October 2019|publisher=[[Sky News]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004014745/https://news.sky.com/story/climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-poorly-informed-claims-vladimir-putin-11826259|archive-date=4 October 2019|access-date=4 October 2019}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20191004-greta-thunberg-mocks-putin-s-kind-girl-jibes-on-twitter|title=Greta Thunberg mocks Putin's 'kind girl' jibes on Twitter|access-date=15 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015213230/https://www.france24.com/en/20191004-greta-thunberg-mocks-putin-s-kind-girl-jibes-on-twitter|archive-date=15 October 2019|agency=[[France 24]]}} * {{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/6ea9262e7ea24efab5acf6ee877945fe|title=Putin implies teen climate activist is being manipulated|date=3 October 2019|access-date=5 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004082941/https://apnews.com/6ea9262e7ea24efab5acf6ee877945fe|archive-date=4 October 2019|work=[[Associated Press]]}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-putin-thunberg/putin-i-dont-share-excitement-about-greta-thunbergs-un-speech-idUSKBN1WH1FM|title=Putin: I don't share excitement about Greta Thunberg's U.N. speech|last1=Soldatkin|first1=Vladimir|date=2 October 2019|access-date=5 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117151345/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-putin-thunberg/putin-i-dont-share-excitement-about-greta-thunbergs-un-speech-idUSKBN1WH1FM|archive-date=17 November 2019|work=[[Reuters]]|last2=Zhdannikov|first2=Dmitry}}</ref> Na Disemba afọ 2019, Thunberg dere ozi na twitter si: "A na-egbu ụmụ amaala n'ezie maka ịgbalị ichebe oke ọhịa pụọ ​​na igbutu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị. Ugboro ugboro. Ọ bụ ihe ihere na ụwa gbachiri nkịtị maka nke a." Mgbe a jụrụ ya banyere isiokwu a ụbọchị abụọ ka nkeỌktoba ahụ gasịrị, onye isi ala Brazil Jair Bolsonaro zara, sị: "Greta kwuru na ndị India na-anwụ n'ihi na ha na-agbalị ichebe Amazon. Ọ na-adọrọ mmasị ka ndị nta akụkọ na-enye ụda olu dị otú ahụ." N'otu ụbọchị ahụ, Thunberg gbanwere nkọwa Twitter ya ka ọ bụrụ pirralha, okwu Portuguese maka "brat" nke Bolsonar ji mee ihe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/natureza/noticia/2019/12/10/ativista-greta-thunberg-muda-descricao-no-twitter-para-pirralha-apos-declaracao-de-bolsonaro.ghtml|title=Ativista Greta Thunberg muda descrição no Twitter para 'pirralha' após declaração de Bolsonaro|date=10 December 2019|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|access-date=10 December 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210155236/https://g1.globo.com/natureza/noticia/2019/12/10/ativista-greta-thunberg-muda-descricao-no-twitter-para-pirralha-apos-declaracao-de-bolsonaro.ghtml|archive-date=10 December 2019|language=pt|trans-title=Activist Greta Thunberg changes her Twitter's description to "brat" after Bolsonaro's declaration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Phillips|first=Tom|date=10 December 2019|title=Greta Thunberg labelled a 'brat' by Brazil's far-right leader Jair Bolsonaro|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/dec/10/greta-thunberg-jair-bolsonaro-brazil-indigenous-amazon|access-date=26 February 2022|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ Mee 2019 ya na Suyin Haynes na Time, Thunberg kwuru okwu nkatọ o nwetara n'ịntanetị na-ekwu, sị: "Ọ bụ ihe na-atọ ọchị mgbe naanị ihe ndị mmadụ nwere ike ime bụ ịkwa gị emo, ma ọ bụ kwuo banyere ọdịdị gị ma ọ bụ ụdị gị, n'ihi na ọ pụtara na ha enweghị arụmụka ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ikwu."<ref name="time.com">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/collection-post/5584902/greta-thunberg-next-generation-leaders/|title='Now I Am Speaking to the Whole World.' How Teen Climate Activist Greta Thunberg Got Everyone to Listen|last=Haynes|first=Suyin|date=16 May 2019|newspaper=Time|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722212014/https://time.com/collection-post/5584902/greta-thunberg-next-generation-leaders/|archive-date=22 July 2019}}</ref> Onye bụbu osote onye isi ala US na onye ga-anọchi Trump bụ Joe Biden zaghachiri na tweet nke Onye isi ala Trump na-akwa Thunberg emo mgbe akpọrọ ya Onye nke Afọ 2019 site na tweeting na Trump: "Olee ụdị onye isi ala na-emegbu onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma? @realDonaldTrump, ị nwere ike ịmụta ihe ole na ole site na Greta banyere ihe ọ pụtara ịbụ onye ndu."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/12/politics/trump-greta-thunberg-time-person-of-the-year/index.html|title=Trump again mocks teen climate activist Greta Thunberg|last=Stracqualursi|first=Veronica|date=13 December 2019|publisher=[[CNN]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214214004/https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/12/politics/trump-greta-thunberg-time-person-of-the-year/index.html|archive-date=14 December 2019|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref> Na 30 Maachị 2021, European Commissioner for Climate Action Frans Timmermans kwuru na mgbasa ozi Twitter mgbe ọ gwachara Thunberg okwu na "The Commission ka na-etinye aka" n'ime ka Common Agricultural Policy "mezuo ebumnuche" nke European Green Deal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Greta Thunberg: Timmermans not doing enough to green EU farm policy |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/greta-thunberg-timmermans-not-doing-enough-to-green-eu-farm-policy/ |work=Politico |date=30 March 2021}}</ref> ===Akwụkwọ akụkọ=== N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2019, Scott Walsman dere na Scientific American na ndị na-akatọ Thunberg "ebidowo mwakpo onwe", "na-emebi autism", na "na-adabere na mwakpo ad hominem iji belata mmetụta ya".<ref name="NEWS-SciAm(2019-08-09)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/climate-deniers-launch-personal-attacks-on-teen-activist/|title=Climate Deniers Launch Personal Attacks on Teen Activist|last=Waldman|first=Scott|date=9 August 2019|access-date=29 August 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810152737/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/climate-deniers-launch-personal-attacks-on-teen-activist/|archive-date=10 August 2019}}</ref> N'ide akwụkwọ na The Guardian, Aditya Chakrabortty kwuru na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ gụnyere Brendan O'Neill, Toby Young, blog Guido Fawkes, yana Helen Dale na Rod Liddle na The Spectator na The Sunday Times na-eme " mwakpo ọjọọ" na Thunberg.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/01/greta-thunberg-right-environmental-activist-attacks|title=The hounding of Greta Thunberg is proof that the right has run out of ideas|last=Chakrabortty|first=Aditya|date=1 May 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721202913/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/01/greta-thunberg-right-environmental-activist-attacks|archive-date=21 July 2019}}</ref> Onye na-eme ihe ngosi na British TV bụ Piers Morgan mekwara Thunberg ihe ọchị.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/piers-morgan-gret-thunberg-extinction-rebellion-good-morning-britain_uk_5d9c5f7ee4b099389806106c|title=Piers Morgan Mocks Greta Thunberg As He Launches Attack On 'Shameless Extinction Rebellion Hypocrites'|last=Percival|first=Ash|date=8 October 2019|work=Huffington Post|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=12 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312072918/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/piers-morgan-gret-thunberg-extinction-rebellion-good-morning-britain_uk_5d9c5f7ee4b099389806106c|url-status=live}}</ref> Dị ka akụkụ nke ịgọnahụ mgbanwe ihu igwe ya, otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Alternative for Germany (AfD) nke mba Germany wakporo Thunberg "n'ụzọ jọgburu onwe ya", dị ka Jakob Guhl, onye nnyocha maka [[Institute for Strategic Dialogue]] si kwuo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/14/germanys-afd-attacks-greta-thunberg-as-it-embraces-climate-denial|title=Germany's AfD turns on Greta Thunberg as it embraces climate denial|last=Connolly|first=Kate|date=14 May 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717071822/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/14/germanys-afd-attacks-greta-thunberg-as-it-embraces-climate-denial|archive-date=17 July 2019}}</ref> Ihe odide [[Arron Banks]] na mgbasa ozi Twitter na-ekwu na "ihe mberede ụgbọ mmiri na-eme n'Ọgọst" kpasuru ọtụtụ ndị omeiwu Britain (Onye otu nzuko omeiwu), ndị ama ama na ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ. Tanja Bueltmann, onye nchoputa nke EU Citizens 'Champion, kwuru na ụlọ akụ arịọla "ịnwụ mmiri nke nwatakịrị" maka ntụrụndụ nke ya wee kwuo na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-awakpo Thunberg "bụ ndị nwoke na-acha ọcha n'etiti ndị si n'aka nri nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.".<ref name="Busby">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/aug/15/arron-banks-jokes-about-greta-thunberg-and-freak-yachting-accidents|title=Arron Banks jokes about Greta Thunberg and 'freak yachting accidents'|last=Busby|first=Mattha|date=15 August 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=21 August 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820213605/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/aug/15/arron-banks-jokes-about-greta-thunberg-and-freak-yachting-accidents|archive-date=20 August 2019}}</ref> N'ide akwụkwọ na The Guardian, Gaby Hinsliff, kwuru na Thunberg aghọwo "ihu ọhụrụ na agha ọdịbendị Brexit" na-arụ ụka na iwe nke mwakpo onwe onye nke ndị Brexiteers na Thunberg "na-enye ha ikuku oxygen nke mgbasa ozi".<ref name="Hinsliff">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/aug/17/greta-thunberg-brexit-culture-war-nigel-farage|title=How Greta Thunberg became the new front in the Brexit culture war|last=Hinsliff|first=Gaby|date=17 August 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=21 August 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820213604/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/aug/17/greta-thunberg-brexit-culture-war-nigel-farage|archive-date=20 August 2019|author-link=Gaby Hinsliff}}</ref> Na Septemba 2019, [[Nick Gillespie]] dere na [[Reason (magazine)|akwukwo magazin Reason]] na "Akụkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Greta Thunberg nwere ike si n'obi mana ha ma ọ bụ nzaghachi jọgburu onwe ya nke ha na-enye bụ onye ndu maka ezigbo amụma gburugburu ebe obibi na ụwa nke na-abawanye ụba kwa ụbọchị."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillespie |first=Nick |date=2019-09-24 |title=Think Globally, Shame Constantly: The Rise of Greta Thunberg Environmentalism |url=https://reason.com/2019/09/24/think-globally-shame-constantly-the-rise-of-greta-thunberg-environmentalism/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]] |language=en-US}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, Yasmeen Serhan dere na The Atlantic na Thunberg aghọwo "ihe a na-elekwasị anya n'ọtụtụ ihe na-eduhie eduhie na nkata aghụghọ" site n'aka nri na aka nri, "gụnyere ngosipụta nke ya dị ka nwatakịrị e mebiri emebi, onye aka ekpe, na ọbụna onye Nazi".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Serhan|first=Yasmeen|date=14 August 2021|title=When the Far Right Picks Fights With a Teen|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2021/08/greta-thunberg-far-right-climate/619748/|access-date=14 August 2021|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> ==="Mmetụta Greta"=== [[File:GrèveClimatGenève-27sept2019-041-RuesBasses.jpg|thumb|Ọgbaghara ihu igwe na Septemba 2019 na Geneva]] Thunberg akpaliwo ọtụtụ ndị ọgbọ ya nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ihe a kọwara dị ka "mmetụta Greta".<ref name="NEWS-BBC(2019-05-03)">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-48114220 |title=The Greta effect? Meet the schoolgirl climate warriors |last=Nevett |first=Joshua |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=3 May 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722015746/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-48114220 |archive-date=22 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Na nzaghachi gbasara nkwuwa okwu ya, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị iche iche ekwetawokwa mkpa ọ dị itinye uche na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Odeakwụkwọ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi Britain, Michael Gove, kwuru, sị: “Mgbe m gere gị ntị, enwere m mmasị dị ukwuu, kamakwa ibu ọrụ na obi amamikpe. Abụ m ọgbọ ndị mụrụ gị, amakwaara m na anyị emebeghị nke ọma iji lebara ya anya. mgbanwe ihu igwe na nnukwu nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi anyị nyere aka mepụta." Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ Ed Miliband, bụ onye na-ahụ maka iwebata Iwu mgbanwe ihu igwe 2008, kwuru, sị: "Ị kpọtere anyị. Daalụ. Ndị na-eto eto niile na-arụ ọrụ n'ọrụ ejirila enyo mee obodo anyị. I kuziwo anyị ihe mmụta dị mkpa n'ezie, ị dị iche n'ìgwè mmadụ."<ref name="NEWS-Guardian(2019-04-23)"/> N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2019, Thunberg sooro onye isi oche nke European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, kerịta otu oge, ebe o kwuru, sị: "N'oge ego ọzọ site n'afọ 2021 ruo 2027, euro anọ ọ bụla a na-emefu n'ime mmefu ego EU ga-aga n'ihu iji belata mgbanwe ihu igwe."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climatechange-teen-activist-idUSKCN1QA1RF|title=Swedish student leader wins EU pledge to spend billions on climate|last=Roth|first=Clare|date=21 February 2019|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625222613/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climatechange-teen-activist-idUSKCN1QA1RF|archive-date=25 June 2019|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Nsogbu ihu igwe rụkwara ọrụ dị mkpa na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu Europe na Mee 2019<ref name="Huggler">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/05/19/europes-greens-sense-moment-climate-takes-centre-stage-elections/|title=The Greta effect? Climate takes centre stage in European elections|last=Huggler|first=Justin|date=19 May 2019|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527012929/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/05/19/europes-greens-sense-moment-climate-takes-centre-stage-elections/|archive-date=27 May 2019}}</ref> ka ndị Green party dekọrọ nsonaazụ kachasị mma ha,<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/27/five-things-we-have-learned-from-the-election-results-across-europe|title=Five things we have learned from election results across Europe|last=Henley|first=Jon|date=27 May 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713011439/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/27/five-things-we-have-learned-from-the-election-results-across-europe|archive-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ oche ndị MEP ha site n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ịrị ise na abụọ ruo ịrị asaa na abụọ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.election-results.eu/tools/comparative-tool/|title=2019 European election results – Comparative tool|publisher=[[European Parliament]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705094457/https://www.election-results.eu/tools/comparative-tool/|archive-date=5 July 2019|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime mmeri ndị ahụ sitere na mba ndị dị n'ebe ugwu Europe ebe ndị na-eto eto gara n'okporo ámá site n'ike mmụọ nsọ Thunberg.<ref name="theguardian.com" /> N'ọnwa June 2019, nnyocha YouGov na Britain chọpụtara na nchegbu ọha na eze banyere gburugburu ebe obibi arịwo elu ruo n'ókè dị na UK ebe ọ bụ na Thunberg na Extinction Rebellion "gburu ụfụfụ nke ịgọnahụ".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jun/10/extinction-rebellion-bubble-denial-climate-crisis |title=Extinction Rebellion's tactics are working. It has pierced the bubble of denial |last=Todd |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Todd (writer) |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 June 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723081006/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jun/10/extinction-rebellion-bubble-denial-climate-crisis |archive-date=23 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, mbipụta na ahịa nke akwụkwọ ụmụaka banyere nsogbu ihu igwe kwuru okpukpu abụọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere afọ gara aga. Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na-ekwu na nke a bụ "mmetụta Greta".<ref>{{cite news |last=Ferguson |first=Donna |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/11/greta-thunberg-leads-to-boom-in-books-aimed-at-empowering-children-to-save-planet |title='Greta effect' leads to boom in children's environmental books |work=The Guardian |date=11 August 2019 |access-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820213506/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/11/greta-thunberg-leads-to-boom-in-books-aimed-at-empowering-children-to-save-planet|archive-date=20 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> N'ịbụ ndị Thunberg kpaliri, ndị ọrụ ebere bara ọgaranya na ndị na-etinye ego site na United States enyewo ihe dị ka dọla pụkụ narị isii<ref name=":5" /> iji kwado Extinction Rebellion na ndị otu ụlọ akwụkwọ iji guzobe Climate Emergency Fund.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://climateemergencyfund.org/ |title=ClimateEmergencyFund.org |access-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723174057/http://climateemergencyfund.org/|archive-date=23 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/10/8/20899908/climate-change-protest-emergency-fund |title="Our bet is paying off": why philanthropists are raising money for climate activists |first=David |last=Roberts |date=8 October 2019 |access-date=4 January 2020 |work=Vox |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228130206/https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/10/8/20899908/climate-change-protest-emergency-fund |archive-date=28 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-energy-202/2019/07/12/the-energy-202-cash-banners-and-bullhorns-big-philanthropists-throw-weight-behind-disruptive-climate-activists/5d278ea6a7a0a47d87c570e5/ |first=Paulina |last=Firozi |date=12 July 2019 |title=The Energy 202: Cash, banners and bullhorns: Big philanthropists throw weight behind disruptive climate activists |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=4 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218083428/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-energy-202/2019/07/12/the-energy-202-cash-banners-and-bullhorns-big-philanthropists-throw-weight-behind-disruptive-climate-activists/5d278ea6a7a0a47d87c570e5/ |archive-date=18 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Trevor Neilson]], otu n'ime ndị ọrụ ebere, kwuru na ndị guzobere atọ ahụ ga-akpọtụrụ ndị enyi n'etiti ndị ọgaranya zuru ụwa ọnụ iji nye onyinye "otu narị ugboro" karịa n'ime izu na ọnwa ndị na-abịa.<ref name=":5">{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Matthew |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jul/12/us-philanthropists-vow-to-raise-millions-for-climate-activists |title=US philanthropists vow to raise millions for climate activists |work=The Guardian |date=12 July 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721183207/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jul/12/us-philanthropists-vow-to-raise-millions-for-climate-activists|archive-date=21 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba 2019, New Scientist kọwara mmetụta nke Thunberg na Extinction Rebellion nwere isi okwu: "Afọ ụwa tetara na mgbanwe ihu igwe."<ref>{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Vaughan |title=The Year the World Woke up to Climate Change |work=New Scientist |date=18 December 2019 |volume=244 |number=3261/62 |pages=20–21 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24432613-000-the-world-started-to-wake-up-to-climate-change-in-2019-now-what/ |access-date=3 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222172751/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24432613-000-the-world-started-to-wake-up-to-climate-change-in-2019-now-what/ |archive-date=22 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dị ka otu nnyocha n'afọ 2021 si kwuo, "ndị maara Greta Thunberg nke ọma nwere ebumnuche dị elu nke ime ihe n'otu iji belata okpomọkụ ụwa na nkwenkwe ndị siri ike na-eme ka mmekọrịta a dị n'etiti. Njikọ a n'etiti ịmara Greta Thunberg, nkwenye ịdị irè nke otu, na ebumnuche ime ihe n'otu dị ọbụna mgbe ị gbasịrị maka nkwado zuru oke nke ndị zaghachirinụ maka ọrụ ihu igwe."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sabherwal|first1=Anandita|last2=Ballew|first2=Matthew T.|last3=Linden|first3=Sander van der|last4=Gustafson|first4=Abel|last5=Goldberg|first5=Matthew H.|last6=Maibach|first6=Edward W.|last7=Kotcher|first7=John E.|last8=Swim|first8=Janet K.|last9=Rosenthal|first9=Seth A.|last10=Leiserowitz|first10=Anthony|title=The Greta Thunberg Effect: Familiarity with Greta Thunberg predicts intentions to engage in climate activism in the United States|journal=Journal of Applied Social Psychology|year=2021|volume=51|issue=4|pages=321–333|doi=10.1111/jasp.12737|issn=1559-1816|doi-access=free}}</ref> ===Ihe ihere ife n'ugboelu=== Thunberg eduziwo mmegide na-efe efe, na-akwalite njem ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-efefe na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.se/20190609/have-greta-thunberg-and-swedes-flygskam-forced-aviation-industry-to-act-on-climate-change|title=How Greta Thunberg and 'flygskam' are forcing aviation industry to act on climate change|date=9 June 2019|work=[[The Local]]|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724040722/https://www.thelocal.se/20190609/have-greta-thunberg-and-swedes-flygskam-forced-aviation-industry-to-act-on-climate-change|archive-date=24 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Okwu a na-ejikọta ya na mmegharị a bụ flygskam ma ọ bụ "ihe ihere ịgba ọsọ".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/04/stayontheground-swedes-turn-to-trains-amid-climate-flight-shame |title=#stayontheground: Swedes turn to trains amid climate 'flight shame' |newspaper=The Guardian |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=4 June 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721052837/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/04/stayontheground-swedes-turn-to-trains-amid-climate-flight-shame|archive-date=21 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/apr/26/greta-thunberg-train-journey-through-europe-flygskam-no-fly |title=Greta Thunberg's train journey through Europe highlights no-fly movement |work=The Guardian |last=Orange |first=Richard |date=26 April 2019 |access-date=4 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704101248/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/apr/26/greta-thunberg-train-journey-through-europe-flygskam-no-fly|archive-date=4 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ bụ ihe na-eme nke ndị mmadụ na-enwe nrụgide ọha na eze ka ha ghara ife efe n'ihi mmụba nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọelu. Ọ bụ onye na-eme egwuregwu Olympic nke Sweden bụ Björn Ferry kwadoro ya na mbụ, mana ọ nwetakwara ume dị ukwuu mgbe Thunberg jụrụ ife efe na gburugburu ebe obibi. Thunberg kwadoro mkpọsa ahụ iji mee ka ọ ghara ife efe, ma mee ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke njem "njem ịma aka" ya na Europe na 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/49032117|title=What is flygskam? Greta speaks up about 'flight-shaming' - CBBC Newsround|access-date=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204053738/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/49032117|archive-date=4 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Sweden kọrọ na pasent anọ na njem ụgbọ elu n'ime ụlọ maka 2019 na mmụba na iji ụgbọ okporo ígwè eme ihe. BBC na-ekwu na mmegharị ahụ nwere ike belata ọganihu nke njem ụgbọ elu zuru ụwa ọnụ, mana Airbus na Boeing na-ekwu ete ha ka na-atụ anya ịbawanye na pasent anọ ruo afọ 2035.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190909-why-flight-shame-is-making-people-swap-planes-for-trains|title=Why 'flight shame' is making people swap planes for trains|last=Timperley|first=Jocelyn|date=10 September 2019|publisher=[[BBC Future]]|access-date=13 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110141631/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190909-why-flight-shame-is-making-people-swap-planes-for-trains|archive-date=10 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://10daily.com.au/news/world/a200113zjhcl/sweden-is-shaming-people-into-not-travelling-by-plane-20200113|title=Sweden Is Shaming People Into Not Travelling By Plane|work=[[10 Daily]]|access-date=13 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113121816/https://10daily.com.au/news/world/a200113zjhcl/sweden-is-shaming-people-into-not-travelling-by-plane-20200113|archive-date=13 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> N'ọnwa Jụn afo6 2019, Swedish Railways (SJ) kọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Sweden na-eji ụgbọ okporo ígwè maka njem n'ime ụlọ ejirila pasent asatọ rịa elu site na afọ gara aga, na-egosipụta nchegbu ọha na eze na-arịwanye elu (nke gosipụtara na nyocha nke Swedish Railroad bipụtara) banyere mmetụta nke ife efe na ikuku CO2.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/04/stayontheground-swedes-turn-to-trains-amid-climate-flight-shame|title=#stayontheground: Swedes turn to trains amid climate 'flight shame'|last=Henley|first=Jon Henley |date=4 June 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=18 January 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721052837/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/04/stayontheground-swedes-turn-to-trains-amid-climate-flight-shame|archive-date=21 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ===X-Site sticker=== X-Site Energy Services nke Alberta, Canada nyere akwụkwọ mkpado, nke nwere aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na ya na onyinyo nke nwoke na-ejide eriri nwa agbọghọ mgbe ọ na-edina ya n'ike site n'azụ, na okwu "Greta" na onyinọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morin |first=Brandi |title=Is resource extraction killing Indigenous women? |language=en |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/5/5/pipelines-man-camps-and-murdered-indigenous-women-in-canada |access-date=2022-06-09}}"...the company’s logo appeared to depict the rape of teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg."</ref> Mgbe ahụ, Greta Thunberg dị afọ iri na asaa dere banyere ya na Twitter "Ha na-amalite ịbawanye obi nkoropụ. Nke a na-egosi na anyị na-emeri. " Ọ bụ ezie na onye isi njikwa nke X-Site kwuru na mbụ na ọ dịghị X-Site, ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ X-Site ọ bụla, tinyere aka n'ime ihe nkedo ahụ,<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 March 2020|title=Greta Thunberg Responds To Graphic Sticker Linked To Canadian Oil Company|last=Beattie|first=Samantha|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/greta-thunberg-sticker-canada-oil_au_5e5c5c2ac5b6450a30c0da9b|work=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Local oil and gas company denies responsibility for controversial 'Greta' decal |last1=Spackman |first1=Sheldon |last2=Gillard |first2=Troy |website=rdnewsNOW |date=27 February 2020 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://rdnewsnow.com/2020/02/27/local-oil-and-gas-company-looking-for-answers-over-controversial-decal/ |quote=Doug Sparrow tells rdnewsNOW the decal was not made or endorsed by either himself or any employee of his company. He alleges that an unknown third party has posted it to Facebook. Sparrow says he has sent multiple requests to Facebook to have images of the decal removed, but that so far they have not responded.}}</ref> X-Site Energy mechara rịọ mgbaghara, na-ekweta na ha ekesa ya ma na-ekwuputa na ọ bụ ha mere ya n'ozuzu oke. Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ kwusiri ike na ha na-ebibi akwụkwọ ndị a maara ma na-eme mgbanwe nhazi iji gbochie ihe ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/we-will-do-better-x-site-energy-apologizes-for-greta-decal-1.4834983|date=2 March 2020|title='We will do better': X-Site Energy apologizes for 'Greta' decal|first=Alex|last=Antoneshyn|newspaper=CTV News|access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> ===Na omenala na nka a ma ama=== E gosipụtara Thunberg na omenala na nka a ma ama.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sleek-mag.com/article/depictions-of-greta-thunberg/|title=5 popular artistic depictions of Greta Thunberg|last=Grozdanic|first=Sanja|date=16 December 2019|website=www.sleek-mag.com|access-date=20 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330003517/https://www.sleek-mag.com/article/depictions-of-greta-thunberg/|archive-date=30 March 2020|url-status=live|accessdate=5 September 2022|archivedate=30 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330003517/https://www.sleek-mag.com/article/depictions-of-greta-thunberg/}}</ref> Greta and the Giants, akwụkwọ Zoë Tucker na Zoe Persico, nke Frances Lincoln Children's Books bipụtara, sitere na mkpali nke ndụ Thunberg. Onye America na-ese ihe Elizabeth Peyton họọrọ ihe osise ya nke 2019 Greta Thunberg dị ka ihe oyiyi na-eduga n'otu n'ime ihe ngosi ya. E gosipụtara ya n'ọtụtụ ihe osise na mgbidi.<ref name=":1" /> Na Bristol, ihe osise Thunberg dị mita ịrị na ise nke onye na-ese ihe Jody Thomas, na-egosi ọkara ala nke ihu ya dị ka ọ dị n'okpuru mmiri na-arị elu kemgbe Mee 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-bristol-48471558/huge-greta-thunberg-mural-painted-on-bristol-wall|title=Huge Greta Thunberg mural painted on Bristol wall|date=31 May 2019|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810104039/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-bristol-48471558/huge-greta-thunberg-mural-painted-on-bristol-wall|archive-date=10 August 2019|publisher=[[BBC News]]|author-last1=Howick|author-first1=Alex|author-last2=Hesson|author-first2=Dion}}</ref> E gosipụtara Thunberg na mkpuchi magazin Time na mbipụta May 2019, ebe a kọwara ya dị ka ihe nlereanya<ref name="time.com" /> na otu n'ime "Ndị isi ọgbọ na-esote".<ref name="WEB-PBN(2019-05-16)">{{cite web|url=https://www.plantbasednews.org/post/greta-thunberg-cover-time|title=Greta Thunberg on the Cover of Time: 'Now I Am Speaking to the Whole World'|last=Gilliver|first=Liam|date=16 May 2019|website=Plant Based News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630045412/https://www.plantbasednews.org/post/greta-thunberg-cover-time|archive-date=30 June 2019|access-date=22 July 2019|accessdate=5 September 2022|archivedate=30 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630045412/https://www.plantbasednews.org/post/greta-thunberg-cover-time}}</ref> Ya na mmadụ iri na ise ndị ọzọ gosipụtara n'ihu magazin ejiji Vogue nke onye nchịkọta akụkọ ọbịa Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, mepụtara na Septemba 2019.<ref name="IT-2019-07-31">{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sinéad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604|title=Meghan Markle puts Sinéad Burke on the cover of Vogue's September issue|date=29 July 2019|work=[[The Irish Times]]|access-date=31 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604|archive-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> E webatara ụfọdụ okwu Thunberg n'egwú. N'afọ 2019, Thunberg nyere aka n'ịtọpụta "The 1975", abụ nke otu egwu Bekee nke otu aha ahụ. Thunberg mechiri abụ ahụ site n'ịgba ume, sị: "Ya mere, onye ọ bụla nọ ebe ahụ, oge eruola ugbu a maka nnupụisi obodo. Oge eruola inupụ isi". Ego a ga-enweta ga-aga na Extinction Rebellion na arịrịọ Thunberg.<ref name="snapes-2019">{{cite news |last=Snapes |first=Laura |title='Time to rebel': Greta Thunberg adds voice to new song by the 1975 |date=25 July 2019 |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/jul/25/time-to-rebel-greta-thunberg-makes-musical-debut-on-the-1975-track |access-date= 25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724234918/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/jul/25/time-to-rebel-greta-thunberg-makes-musical-debut-on-the-1975-track |archive-date= 24 July 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref> Na Septemba 2019, John Meredith debere okwu UN Action Summit ya na death metal.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/video-greta-thunberg-s-u-n-speech-set-death-metal-n1060266|title=Greta Thunberg's U.N. speech set to death metal music goes viral|last=Chuck|first=Elizabeth|publisher=[[NBC News]]|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203235616/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/video-greta-thunberg-s-u-n-speech-set-death-metal-n1060266|archive-date=3 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Onye egwu Australia bụ Megan Washington na onye na-ede egwu bụ Robert Davidson jiri otu okwu ahụ 'otú ị si egwu' mee ihe, maka arụmọrụ na ihe omume na-enyocha ọdịnihu nke egwu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/video/2019/dec/09/greta-thunbergs-how-dare-you-speech-performed-by-megan-washington-and-robert-davidson-video|title=Greta Thunberg's 'how dare you' speech performed by Megan Washington and Robert Davidson – video|last=Clear|first=Source: Crystal|date=9 December 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=2 February 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214030429/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/video/2019/dec/09/greta-thunbergs-how-dare-you-speech-performed-by-megan-washington-and-robert-davidson-video|archive-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> DJ Fatboy Slim mepụtara mashup nke okwu a na egwu egwu ya "Right Here, Right Now".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://djmag.com/news/fatboy-slim-plays-greta-thunberg-right-here-right-now-mash-watch|title=Fatboy Slim plays Greta Thunberg 'Right Here, Right Now' mash-up: Watch|last=Eede|first=Christian|date=10 October 2019|website=DJMag.com|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201204020/https://djmag.com/news/fatboy-slim-plays-greta-thunberg-right-here-right-now-mash-watch|archive-date=1 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Make the World Greta Again bụ ihe ngosi nkeji iri atọ nke Vice wepụtara na-egosi ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ọtụtụ ndị isi ndị ntorobịa na-eme ngagharị iwe na Europe, ma na-egosi na March 2019 zuru ụwa ọnụ na-eme mkpesa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mygreenpod.com/articles/make-the-world-greta-again/|title=Make the world Greta again|author-last=Hill|author-first=Katie|date=27 May 2019|website=MyGreenPod|access-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611001006/https://www.mygreenpod.com/articles/make-the-world-greta-again/|archive-date=11 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://video.vice.com/en_ca/video/vice-make-the-world-greta-again/5ca5f6cbbe40770ec567d7b7|title=Make The World Greta Again|work=Vice|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724231851/https://video.vice.com/en_ca/video/vice-make-the-world-greta-again/5ca5f6cbbe40770ec567d7b7|archive-date=24 July 2019|access-date=22 July 2019|accessdate=5 September 2022|archivedate=24 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724231851/https://video.vice.com/en_ca/video/vice-make-the-world-greta-again/5ca5f6cbbe40770ec567d7b7}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Thunberg jikọtara aka na ọrụ ebere ihu igwe a kpọrọ Project Pressure, n'ihe osise e mere n'ụlọ UN dị na New York na-eduga na UN Climate Action Summit nke gosipụtara olu ndị na-eto eto isii, nke gụnyere Thunberg n'onwe ya. Vizualised site Joseph Michael, nke Klaus Thymann dere na egwu site na Brian Eno, nkọwa ha bụ maka nsogbu ihu igwe na ihe ngwa ngwa a ga-eme iji belata nsonaazụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2019/sep/20/voices-for-the-future-climate-activism-lights-up-the-un-headquarters-new-york-in-pictures|title=Voices for the Future: climate activism lights up the UN – in pictures|date=20 September 2019|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> [[File:Project Pressure Voices For The Future. Photo Klaus Thymann.jpg|thumb|Ọrụ nrụgide olu maka ọdịnihu..]] Na 29 Jenụwarị afọ 2020, Thunberg kwuru na o tinyere akwụkwọ maka akara ahịa aha ya, aha "Fridays for Future", na Skolstrejk för klimatet iji chebe òtù ya pụọ n'ihe nnweta azụmahịa. Ọ na-ekwu na ya enweghị mmasị na akara ahịa, mana "ọ dị mkpa ka eme ya" n'ihi na a na-eji aha ya na mmegharị ya eme ihe mgbe niile maka ebumnuche azụmahịa na-enwetaghị nkwenye ya.<ref name="AP Trademark">{{cite web | last = Staff | title = Climate change activist Greta Thunberg applies to trademark her name | agency = [[Associated Press]] | publisher = [[NBC News]] | date = 9 January 2020 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-applies-trademark-her-name-n1125656 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130042010/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/climate-change-activist-greta-thunberg-applies-trademark-her-name-n1125656 | url-status = live | archive-date = 30 January 2020 | access-date = 1 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://apnews.com/a4f5e9f92c73b78fc653e087fbc32b99|title=Greta Thunberg seeks trademarks to prevent commercial misuse|date=29 January 2020|work=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201151007/https://apnews.com/a4f5e9f92c73b78fc653e087fbc32b99|archive-date=1 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Na Mee 2020, e gosipụtara Thunberg na vidiyo egwu Pearl Jam 'Retrograde'. Ọ na-apụta dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnihu, na foto dị na bọọlụ kristal ya na-egosi mmetụta dị egwu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ọtụtụ mba.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pearl Jam, Greta Thunberg paint grim picture of environment's future in 'Retrograde' video|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2020/05/14/pearl-jam-music-video-features-greta-thunberg-climate-change-activism/5191460002/|work=USA TODAY|date=14 May 2020|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530074155/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2020/05/14/pearl-jam-music-video-features-greta-thunberg-climate-change-activism/5191460002/|archive-date=30 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Na 3 Septemba 2020, [[I Am Greta]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=I Am Greta review – slick yet shallow Thunberg documentary |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |newspaper=The Guardian |date=16 September 2020 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/sep/16/i-am-greta-review-slick-yet-shallow-thunberg-documentary}}</ref> ihe ngosi Hulu cinéma vérité-esque nwere ihe ngosi mbụ ya n'ụwa niile na Venice Film Festival. Onye duziri ihe nkiri ahụ bụ Nathan Grossman, onye ji aka ya rụọ ọrụ igwefoto na ngwá ọrụ ụda mgbe ọ na-echeta ọrụ ihu igwe nke Thunberg "site n'ụbọchị mbụ ọ nọrọ naanị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ya n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2018, ruo na njem ụgbọ mmiri izu abụọ ya gafere Atlantic [Ocean site na Europe ruo New York City] iji gaa United Nations Climate Summit na Septemba 2019."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ravindran|first=Manori|date=6 September 2020|title='I Am Greta' Director on Why Greta Thunberg Can Get Audiences Back to Cinemas|url=https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/I-Am-Greta-Director-on-Why-Greta-Thunberg-15546231.php|access-date=14 September 2020|work=[[SFGate]]|archive-date=6 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906173206/https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/I-Am-Greta-Director-on-Why-Greta-Thunberg-15546231.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Ravindran|first=Manori|date=4 September 2020|title=Greta Thunberg Hulu Doc Gets European, North American Theatrical Release (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/greta-thunberg-hulu-doc-european-north-american-theatrical-release-dogwoof-1234759221/|access-date=9 September 2020|website=Variety|archive-date=9 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909135304/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/greta-thunberg-hulu-doc-european-north-american-theatrical-release-dogwoof-1234759221/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mgbe emere ya na Venice, ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ihe ngosi mbụ ya na North America na Toronto International Film Festival na 11 Septemba 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|title=I Am Greta|first=Thom |last=Powers|url=https://www.tiff.net/events/i-am-greta|website=Toronto International Film Festival Inc|date=September 2020}}</ref> wee meghee na sinima gafee Europe, North America na Australia n'ọnwa Ọktoba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.showtimes.com/movie-times/i-am-greta-151797/fairfax-va/|title=I Am Greta movie times near Fairfax, VA|date=25 October 2020|access-date=25 October 2020|archive-date=17 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117172501/https://www.showtimes.com/movie-times/i-am-greta-151797/fairfax-va/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hulu malitere igosi I am Greta na mba United States na Nọvemba 2020.<ref name=":6" /> N'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2021, Mahadum Winchester guzobere ihe a tụrụ atụ nke Thunberg na ogige ụlọakwụkwọ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 March 2021|title=Greta Thunberg statue at Winchester university sparks anger|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-hampshire-56565683|access-date=31 March 2021}}</ref> Ụlọọrụ BBC Studios mere usoro atọ nke [[Greta Thunberg: A Year to Change the World]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=BBC/PBS Board BBC Studios' Greta Thunberg Documentary Series |last=Kanter |first=Jake |work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]] |date=15 February 2021 |url= https://deadline.com/2021/02/greta-thunberg-bbc-pbs-board-bbc-studios-documentary-1234693825/}}</ref> na atụmatụ nleta na mba dị iche iche hapụrụ n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19. A mara ọkwa maka mmepụta ya na Febụwarị afọ 2020, e gosipụtakwara usoro ihe nkiri ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2021. ==Nsọpụrụ na onyinye== Thunberg enwetala nsọpụrụ na ihe nrite n'oge mmemme ya. N’ọnwa Mee 2018, tupu ebido iku akwụkwọ ya, ọ bụ otu n’ime ndị meriri n’asọmpi mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe nke Svenska Dagbladet (The Swedish Daily News) maka ndị na-eto eto.<ref name="NEWS-Wired(6-6-2019)">{{Cite news |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/greta-thunberg-climate-crisis |title=Greta Thunberg: How one teenager became the voice of the planet |author-last=Tait |author-first=Amelia |date=6 June 2019 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |access-date=24 August 2019 |quote='I want to feel safe', she wrote. 'How can I feel safe when I know we are in the greatest crisis in human history?' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823154313/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/greta-thunberg-climate-crisis |archive-date=23 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Thunberg ajụla ịga emume ma ọ bụ nata ihe nrite ma ọ bụrụ na ọ chọrọ ka ọ felie n'ụgbọ elu, dịka maka International Children's Peace Prize.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edmonton.citynews.ca/2019/10/04/climate-activist-greta-thunberg-wins-childrens-award/|title=Climate activist Greta Thunberg wins children's award|date=4 October 2019|website=CityNews Edmonton|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013093421/https://edmonton.citynews.ca/2019/10/04/climate-activist-greta-thunberg-wins-childrens-award/|archive-date=13 October 2019|access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref> Ọ natala ihe nrite site n'aka ndị NGO dị iche iche kamakwa site n'ụlọ ọrụ sayensị nke toro ihe ịga nke ọma ya n'ịkwalite mmata.<ref name="n10" /><ref name="NEWS-BelgianTimes(5-16-2019)" /> * Time's 25 most influential teenages of 2018, December 2018, a kwa afọ ndepụta chịkọtara site Time magazine nke ndị na-eto eto kachasị emetụta n'ụwa n'afọ ahụ.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://time.com/5463721/most-influential-teens-2018/ |title=Time's 25 Most Influential Teens of 2018 |magazine=Time |date=7 December 2018 |access-date=22 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208060755/http://time.com/5463721/most-influential-teens-2018/ |archive-date=8 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> * Akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ Fryshuset, 2018, maka Young Role Model of the Year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aktuellhallbarhet.se/greta-thunberg-blir-arets-unga-forebild/ |title=Greta Thunberg blir Årets unga förebild |author-last=Rosengren |author-first=Lina |date=22 November 2018 |website=Aktuell Hållbarhet |language=sv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003706/https://www.aktuellhallbarhet.se/greta-thunberg-blir-arets-unga-forebild/ |archive-date=24 November 2018 |access-date=22 December 2018 |accessdate=5 September 2022 |archivedate=24 November 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003706/https://www.aktuellhallbarhet.se/greta-thunberg-blir-arets-unga-forebild/ }}</ref> * Ntinye aha Nobel Peace Prize, 2019, site n'aka ndị nnọchi anya atọ nke ndị omeiwu Norway. Ọzọkwa na 2020 site n'aka ndị omeiwu Sweden abụọ. A họpụtara ya na 2021.<ref name="av01">{{cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/climate-activist-greta-thunberg-nobel-peace-prize_n_5c8a4ab8e4b0fbd7662145a4|title=16-Year-Old Climate Activist Greta Thunberg Nominated For Nobel Peace Prize|date=14 March 2019|newspaper=[[HuffPost]]|access-date=22 March 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328230149/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/climate-activist-greta-thunberg-nobel-peace-prize_n_5c8a4ab8e4b0fbd7662145a4|archive-date=28 March 2019|author-last=Vagianos|author-first=Alanna}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/nobel-peace-prize-nomination-for-student-climate-campaigner-greta-thunberg|title=Nobel Peace Prize nomination for student climate campaigner Greta Thunberg|last=hermesauto|date=15 March 2019|work=[[The Straits Times]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223061650/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/nobel-peace-prize-nomination-for-student-climate-campaigner-greta-thunberg|archive-date=23 December 2019|access-date=24 December 2019}}</ref> Again in 2020 by two Swedish lawmakers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2020/02/03/greta-thunberg-nominated-for-nobel-peace-prize/|title=Greta Thunberg nominated for Nobel Peace Prize|last=Moore|first=Mark|date=3 February 2020|work=[[New York Post]]|access-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203181434/https://nypost.com/2020/02/03/greta-thunberg-nominated-for-nobel-peace-prize/|archive-date=3 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Nominated in 2021.<ref name=nobel21/> * Swedish Woman of the Year (Årets Svenska Kvinna), March 2019, nke Swedish Women's Educational Association nyere "nwaanyị Sweden nke, site na ihe ọ rụzuru, nọchitere anya ma mee ka a mara Sweden nke taa n'ụwa ka ukwuu".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ask.swea.org/2019/arets-svenska-kvinna-2019/ |language=sv |trans-title=Swedish Woman of the Year 2019 |title=Årets Svenska Kvinna 2019 |work=[[Swedish Women's Educational Association]] |date=30 March 2019 |access-date=5 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926075431/https://ask.swea.org/2019/arets-svenska-kvinna-2019/ |archive-date=26 September 2019 |url-status=live |accessdate=5 September 2022 |archivedate=26 September 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926075431/https://ask.swea.org/2019/arets-svenska-kvinna-2019/ }}</ref> * Rachel Carson Prize, Machị 2019, nke enyere nwanyị nke gosipụtara onwe ya na ọrụ pụrụ iche maka gburugburu ebe obibi na Norway ma ọ bụ mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Frogaland%2Fgreta-thunberg-hedres-med-miljopris-1.14485056|title=Greta Thunberg is honored with an environmental award|last=Torgersen|first=Hilde|date=22 March 2019|work=NRK (TV/Radio/Internet) News Agency|access-date=9 January 2020|archive-date=12 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312072918/https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Frogaland%2Fgreta-thunberg-hedres-med-miljopris-1.14485056|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rachelcarsonprisen.no/eng/The-Prize/What-is-the-Rachel-Carson-Prize|title=Rachel Carson prisen|website=www.rachelcarsonprisen.no|access-date=9 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420151138/http://www.rachelcarsonprisen.no/eng/The-Prize/What-is-the-Rachel-Carson-Prize|archive-date=20 April 2019|url-status=live|accessdate=5 September 2022|archivedate=20 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420151138/http://www.rachelcarsonprisen.no/eng/The-Prize/What-is-the-Rachel-Carson-Prize}}</ref> * Goldene Kamera ihe nkiri na ihe nrite telivishọn, March 2019, ihe nrite Climate Action pụrụ iche. Thunberg raara ihe nrite ahụ nye ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe megide mbibi nke Hambach Forest, nke igwu ala lignite na-eyi egwu.<ref name="NEWS-DW(3-31-2019)">{{cite news |author=dpa, AFP |title=Greta Thunberg wins German Golden Camera award |url=https://p.dw.com/p/3FxK2 |access-date=24 August 2019 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=31 March 2019 |archive-date=12 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312072953/https://www.dw.com/en/greta-thunberg-wins-german-golden-camera-award/a-48131966 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Fritt Ord Award, Eprel 2019, ya na Natur og Ungdom, nke "na-eme emume nnwere onwe ikwu okwu". Thunberg nyere òkè ya n'ime ego mmeri ahụ maka ikpe na-achọ ịkwụsị nchọpụta mmanụ Norwegian na Arctic.<ref name="NEWS-TNP(4-24-2019)">{{cite news |title=Swedish Climate Activist Will Use Prize Money from Norway to Sue Norway |url=https://www.tnp.no/norway/politics/swedish-climate-activist-will-use-prize-money-from-norway-to-sue-norway |access-date=24 August 2019 |work=The Nordic Page |date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619135440/https://www.tnp.no/norway/politics/swedish-climate-activist-will-use-prize-money-from-norway-to-sue-norway |archive-date=19 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> * Time 100, Eprel 2019, site na magazin Time, ndepụta kwa afọ nke mmadụ otu nari kachasị emetụta n'ụwa maka afọ ahụ.<ref>{{cite magazine |author-last=González |author-first=Emma |author-link=Emma González |title=Greta Thunberg |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567758/greta-thunberg/ |access-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417232254/http://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567758/greta-thunberg/ |archive-date=17 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> * Laudato si' Prize, Eprel 2019, nke Milarepa Foundation nke Chile nyere ma họrọ ya site n'aka ndị otu Laudato Si' Group n'okpuru akwụkwọ ozi nke abụọ nke Pope Francis, "na-elekọta ụlọ anyị".<ref>{{cite web |title=Greta Thunberg Winner of the Laudato Si' Prize 2019! |date=19 April 2019 |publisher=Fundacion Milarepa Chile |url=https://fundacionmilarepachile.org/2019/04/19/greta-thunberg-winner-of-the-laudato-si-prize-2019/ |access-date=20 April 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420170424/https://fundacionmilarepachile.org/2019/04/19/greta-thunberg-winner-of-the-laudato-si-prize-2019/ |archive-date=20 April 2019}}</ref> * Degree nsọpụrụ nke Doctor honoris causa (dr.h.c.), May 2019, nke Belgian, Mahadum Mons (Mons, Belgium) nyere maka "onyinye ... iji mee ka a mara banyere mmepe na-adịgide adịgide".<ref name="NEWS-BelgianTimes(5-16-2019)">{{cite news |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/all-news/belgium-all-news/56837/university-of-mons-to-honor-greta-thunberg-nicolas-hulot-nicolas-terne/ |title=Belgian university will honour young climate-activist Greta Thunberg |author-last=Schneider |author-first=Oscar |date=16 May 2019 |work=The Belgian Times |access-date=25 August 2019 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825001030/https://www.brusselstimes.com/all-news/belgium-all-news/56837/university-of-mons-to-honor-greta-thunberg-nicolas-hulot-nicolas-terne/ |archive-date=25 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.umons.ac.be/fr/la-rentree-academique-de-lumons-du-10-10-2019-placee-sous-le-signe-du-developpement-durable-et-des-10-ans-de-la-fusion/ |date=2 September 2019 |title=La rentrée académique de l'UMONS du 10/10/2019 placée sous le signe du développement durable et des 10 ans de la fusion |first=Valery |last=Saintghislain |trans-title=The start of the UMONS academic year on 10 October 2019 under the banner of sustainable development and 10 years of fusion |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013224338/https://web.umons.ac.be/fr/la-rentree-academique-de-lumons-du-10-10-2019-placee-sous-le-signe-du-developpement-durable-et-des-10-ans-de-la-fusion/ |archive-date=13 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> * Ambassador of Conscience Award, June 2019, ihe nrite kachasị mma nke Amnesty International, maka idu ndú ya na mmegharị ihu igwe, ya na Fridays for Future.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/06/greta-thunberg-and-fridays-for-future-win-ambassador-of-conscience-2019-award/ |title=Climate activists Greta Thunberg and the Fridays for Future movement honoured with top Amnesty International award |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |date=7 June 2019 |access-date=7 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607081758/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/06/greta-thunberg-and-fridays-for-future-win-ambassador-of-conscience-2019-award/ |archive-date=7 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/09/greta-thunberg-and-fridays-for-future-receive-amnesty-internationals-top-honour/ |title=Greta Thunberg and Fridays for Future receive Amnesty International's top honour |website=www.amnesty.org |date=16 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925173901/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/09/greta-thunberg-and-fridays-for-future-receive-amnesty-internationals-top-honour/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> * Geddes Environment Medal, July 2019, site na Royal Scottish Geographical Society, maka "onyinye dị ịrịba ama, nyocha ma ọ bụ nkwukọrịta maka nchekwa na ichebe gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe nke nkwado".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17767185.greta-wins-prestigious-scottish-award/ |title=Greta wins prestigious Scottish award |date=12 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712192213/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17767185.greta-wins-prestigious-scottish-award/ |archive-date=12 July 2019 |work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]}}</ref> ** Honorary Fellowship nke Royal Scottish Geographical Society, July 2019, na-enye Geddes award na-akpaghị aka.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsgs.org/honorary-fellowship |title=Honorary Fellowship |website=RSGS.org |publisher=[[Royal Scottish Geographical Society]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920210534/https://www.rsgs.org/honorary-fellowship |archive-date=20 September 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019}}</ref> * Right Livelihood Award, Septemba 2019, site na Right Livelibility Foundation ma mara dị ka Swedish Nobel Prize, otu n'ime ndị mmeri anọ nke 2019, "maka ịkpali na ịkwalite ihe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị chọrọ maka ime ihe ihu igwe ngwa ngwa na-egosipụta eziokwu sayensị. "<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sweden-award-right-livelihood-idUSKBN1WA0L8 |first=Johan |last=Ahlander |title=Climate activist Greta Thunberg wins 'alternative Nobel Prize' |date=25 September 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925155014/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sweden-award-right-livelihood-idUSKBN1WA0L8 |archive-date=25 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> * Igodo nke obodo Montreal, Septemba 2019, site n'aka Onye isi obodo Montreal Valérie Plante.<ref name=":2"/> * International Children's Peace Prize, October 2019, ya na Divina Maloum dị afọ iri na anọ si Cameroon, nke KidsRights Foundation nyere.<ref>{{cite press release |date=4 October 2019 |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/desmond-tutu-announces-the-winners-of-the-international-children-s-peace-prize-2019-greta-thunberg-16-from-sweden-and-divina-maloum-14-from-cameroon-802168463.html |title=Desmond Tutu Announces the Winners of the International Children's Peace Prize 2019: Greta Thunberg (16) From Sweden and Divina Maloum (14) From Cameroon |author=KidsRights |website=www.prnewswire.com|access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007221042/https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/desmond-tutu-announces-the-winners-of-the-international-children-s-peace-prize-2019-greta-thunberg-16-from-sweden-and-divina-maloum-14-from-cameroon-802168463.html |archive-date=7 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> * Maphiyata echiyatan hin win (Nwanyị nke si n'eluigwe bịa), aha agbụrụ Lakota nyere, Ọktoba 2019, na Standing Rock Indian Reservation, na-eso nkwado maka mmegide pipeline Dakota Access, mgbe Tokata Iron Eyes, onye Lakota dị afọ iri na isii kpọrọ ya.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/09/greta-thunberg-standing-rock-north-south-dakota-nobel-peace-prize |title=Greta Thunberg, favourite to win Nobel peace prize, honoured at Standing Rock |author-last=Milman |author-first=Oliver |date=9 October 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=9 October 2019|issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009215550/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/09/greta-thunberg-standing-rock-north-south-dakota-nobel-peace-prize |archive-date=9 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=8 October 2019 |url=https://www.kfyrtv.com/content/news/Swedish-climate-activist-Greta-Thunberg-visits-Standing-Rock-562574651.html |title=Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg visits Standing Rock |last=Hurtado |first=Daniela |publisher=[[KFYR-TV]] |access-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009060851/https://www.kfyrtv.com/content/news/Swedish-climate-activist-Greta-Thunberg-visits-Standing-Rock-562574651.html |archive-date=9 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> * Ihe nrite gburugburu ebe obibi nke Nordic Council, Ọktoba 2019. Thunberg jụrụ ịnabata onyinye ma ọ bụ ego nrite nke DKK 350,000 (€ 47,000 ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba 2019) na-ekwu na mba Nordic anaghị eme ihe zuru ezu iji belata ikuku.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/29/world/greta-thunberg-nordic-award-decline-trnd/index.html |date=29 October 2019 |title=Greta Thunberg declined a climate award because the world needs more action, fewer awards |author-first1=Maddie |author-last1=Capron |author-first2=Christina |author-last2=Zdanowicz |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=30 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030014349/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/29/world/greta-thunberg-nordic-award-decline-trnd/index.html |archive-date=30 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/29/greta-thunberg-declines-award-climate-crisis |title='The climate doesn't need awards': Greta Thunberg declines environmental prize |author=Agence France-Presse |date=29 October 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=30 October 2019|issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030032003/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/29/greta-thunberg-declines-award-climate-crisis |archive-date=30 October 2019 |url-status=live|author-link=Agence France-Presse }}</ref> * Time Person of the Year, December 2019, site na magazin Time, onye mbụ natara a mụrụ na senchiri nke iri abuo na otu na onye kachasị nta.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/greta-thunberg-time-s-2019-person-year-n1099396 |title=Greta Thunberg is Time's 2019 Person of the Year |first=Safia Samee |last=Ali |publisher=[[NBC News]] |date=11 December 2019 |access-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211131620/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/greta-thunberg-time-s-2019-person-year-n1099396 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost1">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/12/11/time-person-year/ |first=Hannah |last=Knowles |title=Time 2019 Person of the Year is Greta Thunberg |date=11 December 2019 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211173835/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/12/11/time-person-year/ |archive-date=11 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Maka ihe ịga nke ọma na "mepụta mgbanwe omume zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-agbanwe ọtụtụ nde nchegbu na-edoghị anya, nke etiti abalị n'ime ihe omume zuru ụwa iche na-akpọ maka mgbanwe ngwa ngwa".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/person-of-the-year-2019-greta-thunberg/ |title=Greta Thunberg: Time's Person of the Year 2019 |author-first1=Charlotte |author-last1=Alter |author-first2=Suyin |author-last2=Haynes |author-first3=Justin |author-last3=Worland |editor-first=Evgenia |editor-last=Arbugaeva |date=11 December 2019 |access-date=11 December 2019 |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211125355/https://time.com/person-of-the-year-2019-greta-thunberg/ |archive-date=11 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Na: "N'ihi na ọ na-eme ka egwu banyere mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na naanị ụlọ anyị nwere, maka iwebata n'ụwa nke kewara ekewa olu nke gafere azụ na ókèala, maka igosi anyị ihe niile ọ nwere ike ịdị ka mgbe ọgbọ ọhụrụ na-eduga. " * Glamour Woman of the Year Award 2019, 12 Nọvemba 2019, site na magazin Glamour.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.glamour.com/story/women-of-the-year-awards-2019 |title=Glamour Women of the Year Awards 2019: The Best Moments |website=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]]|date=12 November 2019 |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301152019/https://www.glamour.com/story/women-of-the-year-awards-2019 |archive-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Jane Fonda nabatara ya, na-ehota Greta ka ọ na-ekwu "Ọ bụrụ na onye Sweden, onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, onye sayensị n'amaghị nke nwere ụlọ ahịa, jụrụ ife efe ma ọ dịghị mgbe ọ na-eyi ihe ntecha ma ọ bụ gaa onye na-edozi isi nwere ike ịhọrọ nwanyị nke Afọ site n'otu n'ime magazin ejiji kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa mgbe ahụ echere m na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourtownny.com/news/greta-thunberg-and-shop-stop-YY573364 |title=Greta Thunberg and 'Shop Stop' |quote=in her private life Greta practices what she calls "shop stop". It means you don't buy new things unless you absolutely have to. She wears what she already has, or borrows clothes |newspaper=Our Town |date=10 October 2019 |author=Becca Tucker |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228204014/http://www.ourtownny.com/news/greta-thunberg-and-shop-stop-YY573364 |archive-date=28 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glamour.com/video/watch/women-of-the-year-jane-fonda-accepts-award-on-greta-thunberg-s-behalf|title=Jane Fonda Accepts Award on Greta Thunberg's Behalf|website=Glamour Videos|access-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203200918/https://www.glamour.com/video/watch/women-of-the-year-jane-fonda-accepts-award-on-greta-thunberg-s-behalf|archive-date=3 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> * Nature's 10, 2019, December 2019, ndepụta kwa afọ nke iri "ndị dị mkpa" na sayensị, nke akwụkwọ sayensị Nature mepụtara, kpọmkwem, maka ịbụ "ihe na-akpali ihu igwe: Onye Sweden nọ n'afọ iri na ụma [onye] butere sayensị ihu igwe n'ihu ka ọ na-ebute iwe nke ọgbọ ya".<ref name="n10">{{cite journal |author-last1=Cyranoski |author-first1=David |author-last2=Gaind |author-first2=Nisha |author-last3=Gibney |author-first3=Elizabeth |author-last4=Masood |author-first4=Ehsan |author-last5=Maxmen |author-first5=Amy |author-last6=Reardon |author-first6=Sara |author-last7=Schiermeier |author-first7=Quirin |author-last8=Tollefson |author-first8=Jeff |author-last9=Witze |author-first9=Alexandra |date=2019 |title=Nature's 10: Ten people who mattered in science in 2019 |journal=Nature |volume=576 |issue=7787 |pages=361–372 |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-03749-0 |pmid=31848484 |issn=0028-0836|bibcode=2019Natur.576..361C |doi-access=free }}</ref> * Ndepụta Forbes nke 100 ụmụ nwanyị kachasị ike n'ụwa, 2019 * Forbes 30 n'okpuru 30 Europe 2020 - Ndị Ọchụnta ego Ọha<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greta Thunberg |url=https://www.forbes.com/nft-profile/greta-thunberg/ |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> * Human Act Award, na Earth Day, 22 Eprel 2020, site na Human Act Foundation, maka "mgbalị ya na-enweghị egwu na mkpebi siri ike iji mee ka ọtụtụ nde mmadụ gburugburu ụwa lụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ". E nyere ego mmeri USD100,000 na UNICEF ma jiri okpukpu abụọ mee ka Foundation ahụ gbasaa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Act Award 2020|url=https://humanact.org/human-act-award-2020/|last=Gregersen|first=Jonas|date=29 April 2020|website=Human Act|access-date=3 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513073428/https://humanact.org/human-act-award-2020/|archive-date=13 May 2020|url-status=live|accessdate=5 September 2022|archivedate=13 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513073428/https://humanact.org/human-act-award-2020/}}</ref> * Best in Activism (site na Tech & Innovation category) na 12th Shorty Awards, na 3 Mee 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shortyawards.com/category/12th/activism|title=BEST IN ACTIVISM|website=Shorty Awards|date=3 May 2020|access-date=12 July 2022|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712035203/https://shortyawards.com/category/12th/activism|url-status=live}}</ref> * Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity, na July 2020, onye mbụ natara onyinye a. Site na ntọala ya, Thunberg nyere ego mmeri otu nde pound "maka ọrụ ebere na-alụso nsogbu ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi ọgụ na ịkwado ndị na-eche mmetụta kachasị njọ ihu, ọkachasị na Global South. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulbenkian.pt/en/news/greta-thunberg-is-the-winner-of-the-first-gulbenkian-prize-for-humanity/|title=Greta Thunberg is the winner of the first Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity|website=Gulbenkian|date=20 July 2020|access-date=22 July 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712032136/https://gulbenkian.pt/en/news/greta-thunberg-is-the-winner-of-the-first-gulbenkian-prize-for-humanity/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Onyinye Women in Youth Activism na 2021 Women of Europe Awards na 2 Disemba 2021. Ọ natara onyinye ahụ maka "nchịkwa obi ike ya na nkwado maka ikpe ziri ezi nke ihu igwe, mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nhazi obodo ndị ntorobịa".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2021/12/02/greta-thunberg-and-angela-merkel-triumph-at-the-women-of-europe-awards|title=Greta Thunberg and Angela Merkel triumph at the Women of Europe Awards|author=Euronews|website=Euronews|access-date=13 July 2022|archive-date=13 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713080621/https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2021/12/02/greta-thunberg-and-angela-merkel-triumph-at-the-women-of-europe-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> * Honorary Doctor of Laws (LLD), 31 Mee 2021, nke Mahadum nke British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, nyere maka "nkwado mba ụwa ya maka ịma ndị isi ụwa aka ime ihe ozugbo megide mgbanwe ihu igwe".<ref>[https://globalnews.ca/news/7732631/bonnie-henry-greta-thunberg-ubc-honorary-degrees/ Dr. Bonnie Henry, Greta Thunberg to receive respective honorary degrees from UBC, UBCO]. [[Global News]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220712032401/https://globalnews.ca/news/7732631/bonnie-henry-greta-thunberg-ubc-honorary-degrees/ Archived] from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.</ref><ref>[https://news.ubc.ca/2021/03/31/greta-thunberg-dr-bonnie-henry-to-receive-honorary-degrees-from-ubc/ Greta Thunberg, Dr. Bonnie Henry to receive honorary degrees from UBC]. [[University of British Columbia]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220712032853/https://news.ubc.ca/2021/03/31/greta-thunberg-dr-bonnie-henry-to-receive-honorary-degrees-from-ubc/ Archived] from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.</ref><ref>[https://graduation.ok.ubc.ca/event/honorary-degrees/2021-honorary-degree-recipients/ 2021 Honorary Degree Recipients]. [[University of British Columbia]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220712033208/https://graduation.ok.ubc.ca/honorary-degrees/2021-honorary-degree-recipients/ Archived] from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.</ref> ==Ụdị ihe ekere eke ndị a kpọrọ aha iji sọpụrụ Thunberg== A kọwaala ụdị ndị a ma nye ha aha Greta Thunberg: * Nelloptodes gretae, by Michael Darby, Natural History Museum, UK, December 2019, a new species of beetle from Kenya in the family Ptiliidae.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2019/december/museum-scientists-described-412-new-species-this-year.html|title=Museum scientists described 412 new species this year|website=www.nhm.ac.uk|access-date=31 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712034331/https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2019/december/museum-scientists-described-412-new-species-this-year.html|archive-date=17 July 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Its long antennae bear a passing resemblance to her braided pigtails.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-50182815 |title=Greta Thunberg: New beetle named after climate activist |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712034450/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50182815|archive-date=17 July 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NHM>{{cite journal |title=Studies of Ptiliidae (Coleoptera) in the spirit collection of the Natural History Museum, London, 6: New species and records collected by W.C. Block in Kenya and Uganda, 1964–1965 |author1=Darby, Michael |date=2019 |journal=[[Entomologist's Monthly Magazine]] |volume=155 |issue=4 |pages=239–257 |doi=10.31184/M00138908.1554.3999|s2cid=208555554 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author-last=Darby |author-first=Michael |date=2019 |title=Studies of Ptiliidae (Coleoptera) in the Spirit Collection of the Natural History Museum, London, 6: New species and records collected by W.C. Block in Kenya and Uganda, 1964–1965 |journal=Entomologist's Monthly Magazine |volume=155 |issue=4 |pages=239–257 |doi=10.31184/M00138908.1554.3999|s2cid=208555554 }}</ref> * Craspedotropis gretathunbergae, by Schilthuizen et al., 2020, a new species of land snail from Borneo in the family Cyclophoridae.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schilthuizen |first1=M. |last2=Lim |first2=J. |last3=van Peursen |first3=A. |last4=Alfano |first4=M. |last5=Jenging |first5=A.B. |last6=Cicuzza |first6=D. |last7=Escoubas |first7=A. |last8=Escoubas |first8=P. |last9=Grafe |first9=U. |last10=Ja |first10=J. |last11=Koomen |first11=P.|last12=Krotoski |first12=A. |last13=Lavezzari |first13=D. |last14=Lim |first14=L. |last15=Maarschall |first15=R. |last16=Slik |first16=F. |last17=Steele |first17=D. |last18=Ting |first18=D.T.W. |last19=van Zeeland |first19=I. |last20=Njunjić |first20=I. |title=''Craspedotropis gretathunbergae'', a new species of Cyclophoridae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda), discovered and described on a field course to Kuala Belalong rainforest, Brunei |journal=Biodiversity Data Journal |date=20 February 2020 |volume=8 |pages=e47484 |doi=10.3897/BDJ.8.e47484|pmid=32132859 |pmc=7046707 |doi-access=free }}</ref> * Thunberga greta, in a new genus Thunberga gen nov, both by Peter Jäger, June 2020, a new species of huntsman spider in the family Sparassidae . <ref>{{cite news |title=New spider species named after Greta |work=[[France 24]] |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200612-new-spider-species-named-after-greta |date=12 June 2020 |access-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612175625/https://www.france24.com/en/20200612-new-spider-species-named-after-greta |archive-date=12 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2021 the new ''Thunberga'' genus contained twenty-five newly described spiders, all from Madagascar and Mayotte, many in honour of other inspirational young people.<ref>{{cite news |title=Greta spiders |work=[[BBC Wildlife]] |date=May 2021 |page=27}}</ref>young people. * Opacuincola gretathunbergae, by Verhaege & Haase, 2021, a new freshwater snail from New Zealand in the family Tateidae.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Verhaegen|first1=Gerlien|last2=Haase|first2=Martin|date=18 January 2021|title=All-inclusive descriptions of new freshwater snail taxa of the hyperdiverse family Tateidae (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda) from the South Island of New Zealand|journal=European Journal of Taxonomy|issue=731|pages=71–96|doi=10.5852/ejt.2021.731.1205|doi-access=free}}</ref> ==Ọrụ== * ''[[Scenes from the Heart]]'' (2018), with her sister, father and mother. *{{cite book | last=Thunberg | first=Greta | title=[[No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference]]| publisher=Penguin Books | year=2019 | isbn=978-0-241-51457-3 | oclc=1196840691}} 96 pages. A collection of Thunberg's climate action speeches,<ref name="NoOneIsTooSmall">{{cite web|url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/315/315787/no-one-is-too-small-to-make-a-difference/9780141991740.html|title=No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference|publisher=Penguin Books UK|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922073349/https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/315/315787/no-one-is-too-small-to-make-a-difference/9780141991740.html|archive-date=22 September 2019}}</ref> with the earnings being donated to charity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/24/you-ask-the-questions-greta-thunberg-interview-global-climate-strike|title=Send us your questions for climate activist Greta Thunberg|date=24 May 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721233045/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/24/you-ask-the-questions-greta-thunberg-interview-global-climate-strike|archive-date=21 July 2019}}</ref> * {{cite web |url=http://whatwouldgretado.org/ |title=Greta Thunberg Speeches and Interviews |publisher=What Would Greta Do? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406155004/http://whatwouldgretado.org/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |accessdate=26 August 2022 |archivedate=24 September 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924041648/http://whatwouldgretado.org/ }} An archived compilation of Thunberg's speeches and interviews, and IPCC Reports, up to March 2020 * {{cite web |last1=Thunberg |first1=Greta |title=The Disarming Case to Act Right Now on Climate Change |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/greta_thunberg_the_disarming_case_to_act_right_now_on_climate |website=[[TED (conference)|TED.com]] |location=Stockholm, Sweden |date=November 2019}} *{{cite book | last1 = Ernman | first1 = Malena| last2 = Thunberg | first2 = Greta| last3 = Ernman | first3 = Beata| last4 = Thunberg | first4 = Svante| title=Our House Is on Fire: Scenes of a Family and a Planet in Crisis | publisher=Penguin Books | year=2021 | isbn=978-0-14-199288-4 | oclc=1179047026}} 288 pages *Thunberg, Greta; [[Adriana Calderón|Calderón, Adriana]]; Jhumu, [[Farzana Faruk|Farzana Faruk]]; [[Eric Njuguna|Njuguna, Eric]] (2021-08-19). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/19/opinion/climate-un-report-greta-thunberg.html Opinion | This Is the World Being Left to Us by Adults]". ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-16. ==Hụkwa== * Juliana v. United States, ikpe nke ndị ntorobịa 21 megide United States maka imebi ikike ndụ na nnwere onwe ha nke ukwuu, ma na-achọ ịmanye gọọmentị ịnakwere usoro iji belata gas na-ekpo ọkụ. * Licypriya Kangujam bụ onye India na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi ụmụaka * Severn Cullis-Suzuki dị ka onye na-eto eto bụkwa onye a ma ama na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na 1992 ==Ọgụgụ ọzọ== * {{cite web |work=The Conversation |url=https://theconversation.com/misogyny-male-rage-and-the-words-men-use-to-describe-greta-thunberg-124347 |title=Misogyny, male rage and the words men use to describe Greta Thunberg |first1=Camilla |last1=Nelson |first2=Meg |last2=Vertigan |date=30 September 2019}} * {{cite interview |interviewer=[[Christiane Amanpour]] |date=1 February 2019 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/tv/2019/02/01/amanpour-greta-thunberg.cnn |title=Climate activist: No gray area for survival |publisher=CNN}} * {{cite news |url=https://www.kiro7.com/news/trending-now/who-is-greta-thunberg-the-16-year-old-climate-activist-from-sweden-/989625915 |title=Who is Greta Thunberg, the 16-year-old climate activist from Sweden? |first=Bob |last=D'Angelo |date=24 September 2019 |website=KIRO}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRgJ-22S_Rs Mini-documentary] portraying Thunberg by [[Great Big Story]] (''YouTube'') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190925135931/https://video.vice.com/en_us/video/vice-make-the-world-greta-again/5ca5f6cbbe40770ec567d7b7 Make The World Greta Again] A [[Vice Media|Vice]] documentary that follows Thunberg and the organisers of the school strikes for climate as they are cementing a worldwide movement ahead of their first global protest that took place on 15 March 2019. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191213190507/https://time.com/person-of-the-year-2019-greta-thunberg/ ''Time's'' Person of the Year article on Thunberg] ==Ebensidee== {{Reflist}} ==Njikọ mpụga== {{sisterlinks|d=Q56434717|c=Category:Greta Thunberg|n=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no|b=no}} * {{instagram|gretathunberg}} * {{Twitter|gretathunberg}} * {{IMDb name|10361418}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 2003]] 6om6c7irn1z65pa5p0eab7e05w0potp 3 24351 705604 704974 2026-08-24T20:45:52Z MediaWiki message delivery 4554 /* Tech News: 2026-35 */ nkeji ohúrù 705604 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ihe nrite Onye Ntinyeaka == {| style="background-color: #CEF2D4; border: 10px solid Green;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Bronzewiki 2 za zásluhy.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''Onye ntụgharị Ukwu nke afọ 2022''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Anyị n'ekele gị maka ọrụ ị na-arụ na <span class="plainlinks">[https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 Wikipidia Igbo]</span>. '''Daalụ maka ịtụgharị edemede karịrị iri isii'''. Ị mere nke ọma, jisie ike! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 11:29, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC) |} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear Wikimedian, You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process. This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. 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[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 09:32, 2 Jụn 2025 (UTC) |} :Daalụ riine maka onyinye a [[Ojiarụ:Sayvhior|Sayvhior]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Sayvhior|ṅkátá]]) 10:00, 2 Jụn 2025 (UTC) == Fatima Sacko == 請修正，謝謝。 [[Ojiarụ:HanTsî|HanTsî]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:HanTsî|ṅkátá]]) 09:13, 13 Julaị 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:49, 27 Julaị 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:46, 3 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting "{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}" in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 10 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC. '''Updates for editors''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:04, 17 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 24 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> 8xf6ep266akx48uhlp7s5n90urrl7pm 0 24397 705616 588852 2026-08-25T09:17:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maravene Sheppard Loeschke''' (Jenuari 28, 1947 ̊ Juun 25, 2015) bụ onye nchịkwa agụmakwụkwọ Amerika nke jere ozi dịka onye isi oche nke Mahadum Towson site na 2012 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 2014. Ọ kụziri na Towson site na 1970 ruo 2002 tupu ọ hapụ Maryland gaa Pennsylvania, ịghọ onye isi nke Mahadum Wilkes, mgbe ahụ onye isi oche nke Mahadụm Mansfield. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Loeschke na Jenụwarị 28, 1947, na Baltimore na Joseph Sheppard na Aumelia Shriner. Nna ya rụrụ ọrụ na ngalaba njem Baltimore County. A mụrụ nne ya na ihe ghọrọ Tides Inn na Northern Neck nke Virginia ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ maka Towson Elementary School.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bishop|first=Tricia|title=Q&A with Maravene Loeschke, president of Towson University|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/sun-magazine/bal-qa-with-maravene-loeschke-president-of-towson-university-20130718-story.html|accessdate=July 21, 2015|work=Baltimore Sun|date=July 22, 2013}}</ref> Maravene Sheppard gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Parkville High School na 1965 wee gaa Towson State College, ebe ọ gụrụ Bekee na ihe nkiri n'okpuru nduzi nke C. Richard Gillespie. Ọ bụ ezie na o mere atụmatụ ịkwaga New York iji malite ọrụ ime ihe nkiri mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1969, Gillespie mere ka o kwenye isonyere ngalaba Towson kama.<ref name="bsunobit" /> Loeschke nwetara nzere masta na agụmakwụkwọ na Towson n'afọ 1972.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Principals and Presidents of Towson University|url=http://cooklibrary.towson.edu/spcoll/presidentsBios.cfm|accessdate=July 24, 2015|publisher=Towson University}}</ref> O mechara nweta Ph.D na Union Institute na Mahadum.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maravene Loeschke, Ph.D. 1975|url=https://www.myunion.edu/about/notables/maravene-loeschke/|accessdate=July 24, 2015|publisher=Union Institute and University}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Loeschke malitere izi ihe na Towson n'afọ 1970 ma jee ozi dịka onye isi oche nke ngalaba nka ihe nkiri tupu a kpọọ ya Dean nke College of Fine Arts and Communication n'afọ 1997.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sharrow|first=Ryan|title=Towson University President Maravene Loeschke expected to resign|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2014/12/18/towson-university-maravene-loeschke-resigns.html|accessdate=July 24, 2015|work=Baltimore Business Journal|date=December 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name="bsunobit">{{Cite news|author=Kelly|first=Jacques|title=Maravene Loeschke, former Towson U. president, dies|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/obituaries/bs-md-ob-maravene-loeschke-20150625-story.html|accessdate=July 21, 2015|work=Baltimore Sun|date=June 26, 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKelly2015">Kelly, Jacques (June 26, 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150626170329/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/obituaries/bs-md-ob-maravene-loeschke-20150625-story.html "Maravene Loeschke, former Towson U. president, dies"]. ''Baltimore Sun''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ hapụrụ Towson na 2002 maka ọkwa onye isi na Mahadum Wilkes .<ref name="towson">{{Cite news|title=In loving memory of President Emerita Maravene S. Loeschke, Ph.D.|url=http://tunews.towson.edu/2015/06/25/in-loving-memory-of-president-emerita-maravene-s-loeschke-ph-d/|accessdate=July 21, 2015|publisher=Towson University|date=June 25, 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọrọ afọ anọ n'ebe ahụ, Loeschke rụchara afọ anọ dịka onye isi oche nke Mahadum Mansfield, site na 2006 ruo 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Roth|first=Michelle|title=Ph.D. Alumna Maravene Loeschke Appointed President of Towson University|url=https://www.myunion.edu/ph-d-alumna-maravene-loeschke-appointed-president-of-towson-university/|accessdate=July 24, 2015|publisher=Union Institute and University|date=September 20, 2011}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Mansfield, Loeschke malitere ọtụtụ mmemme nke baara ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agagharị agagharị uru, ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lipka|first=Sara|title=Commuters Get Their Own Place at Mansfield U.|journal=Chronicle of Higher Education|volume=54|issue=8|date=October 2007|url=http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ779995}}</ref> Ọ laghachiri na alma mata ya na Jenụwarị 2012, nọchiri Robert L. Caret dị ka onye isi ala.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Walker|first=Childs|title=Towson president completes unusual rise from theater to her alma mater's top job|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2012-01-29/news/bs-md-towson-president-20120118_1_towson-president-top-job-towson-university|accessdate=July 24, 2015|work=Baltimore Sun|date=January 29, 2012}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, Loeschke kpebiri ịkwụsị egwuregwu baseball na egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke na Towson, na-eme ka onye nchịkwa Maryland Peter Franchot kpọọ ya ka ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Korman|first=Chris|title=Franchot calls for Towson president to resign|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-04-17/business/bs-bz-franchot-calls-for-towson-president-to-resig-20130417_1_president-loeschke-soccer-teams-mike-waddell|accessdate=July 21, 2015|work=Baltimore Sun|date=April 17, 2013}}</ref> Site na mgbalị ndị ọzọ maka ịnakọta ego, mmụba ego, na nkwekọrịta ego sitere na steeti Maryland, e mechara weghachi mmemme baseball.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sacks|first=Alejandro Zuniga|title=Towson baseball staves off different kind of elimination|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/baseball/2013/05/30/ncaa-tournament-towson-tigers/2373267/|accessdate=July 21, 2015|work=USA Today|date=May 30, 2013}}</ref> A chọpụtara na Loeschke nwere ọrịa kansa adrenal n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014, wee gbaa arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa onye isi ala na Disemba nke afọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Wells|first=Carrie|title=Towson University president diagnosed with cancer, expects full recovery|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2014-04-11/news/bs-md-towson-president-cancer-20140411_1_full-recovery-towson-university-president-loeschke|accessdate=July 21, 2015|work=Baltimore Sun|date=April 11, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Burris|first=Jim|title=Former Towson president still inspiring, serving campus despite terminal cancer|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/education/bs-md-loeschke-towson-20150311-story.html#page=1|accessdate=July 21, 2015|work=Baltimore Sun|date=March 13, 2015}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ lụrụ Richard Loeschke, onye o mechara gbaa alụkwaghịm.<ref name="towson" /> Loeschke lụrụ C. Richard Gillespie na 1981, onye ya na ya biri ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2015 site na ọrịa kansa adrenal na Gilchrist Hospice Care.<ref name="bsunobit"/> Towson mere emume ncheta iji sọpụrụ Loeschke na Septemba 18, 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bowie|first=Liz|title=Towson University celebrates life of Maravene Loeschke|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/education/blog/bs-md-loeschke-memorial-20150917-story.html|accessdate=December 18, 2015|work=Baltimore Sun|date=September 18, 2015}}</ref> == Ihe odide == jwm7yrat791l9sks2bzypau4rxz7em7 0 29397 705605 195678 2026-08-24T21:23:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Inger Andersen|image=Inger Andersen (environmentalist, 2010, cropped).jpg|office1=Executive Director of the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] (UNEP)|term_start1=19 July 2019|predecessor1=[[Joyce Msuya]]|office2=Director General, [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN)|term_start2=January 2015|term_end2=19 July 2019|predecessor2=[[Julia Marton-Lefèvre]]|nationality=[[Denmark|Danish]]|birth_date=1958|birth_name=Inger la Cour Andersen|birth_place=[[Jerup]], Denmark|alma_mater=[[London Metropolitan University]] and [[School of Oriental and African Studies]]|website=[https://www.iucn.org/about/senior-management/director-general Official biography]}}{{Databox}} .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inger Andersen World Bank profile|url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/team/inger-andersen|work=World Bank|accessdate=13 July 2017|archivedate=20 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320054936/https://blogs.worldbank.org/team/inger-andersen}}</ref>Tupu nhọpụta ya, na UNEP, Andersen bụ onye isi oche nke International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), [1] osote onye isi ala maka mmepe Sustainable na World Bank na onye isi nke CGIAR Fund Council wee bụrụ onye isi oche nke Bank World Bank.  Middle East na North Africa.[2] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hans la Cour|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1750616/?ref_=tt_ov_dr|work=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref>Inger Andersen bụ ada Aagot la Cour Andersen na Erik Andersen.[1]  Ọ bụ nwa nwa onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọkà mmụta ihe ochie bụ Vilhelm la Cour [dk].  Nwanne ya nwoke bụ Hans la Cour, onye edemede na onye na-eme ihe nkiri, nke ama ama na ụwa egwuregwu ụgbọ mmiri [2] na akwụkwọ akụkọ gburugburu ebe obibi.  [3] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=69: Lyngby-Linienhttp|url=http://www.pierrelacour.dk/s-bog/69-lyngby.htm|accessdate=13 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050525232335/http://pierrelacour.dk/s-bog/69-lyngby.htm|archivedate=25 May 2005}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Bank names three new vice presidents at the End of its Biggest Lending Year Ever|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2010/07/01/world-bank-names-three-new-vice-presidents-end-biggest-lending-year-ever|work=World Bank|accessdate=13 July 2017|archivedate=20 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120041728/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2010/07/01/world-bank-names-three-new-vice-presidents-end-biggest-lending-year-ever}}</ref>Andersen malitere ọrụ ya na Sudan na 1982 ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mbụ dị ka onye nkuzi Bekee n'okpuru mmemme ndị nkuzi Bekee na-akwado UK. Na 1985 ọ sonyeere SudanAid, ogwe aka mmepe na enyemaka nke ọgbakọ ndị Bishọp Katọlik nke Sudan. Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya n'ụnwụ nri, enyemaka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, na imezigharị ya. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Prof Wolf T., Aaron eds, ''Sharing Water, Sharing Benefits: Working towards effective transboundary water resources management''|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wJGMAgAAQBAJ&q=%22inger+andersen%22+%26+international+waters+partnership&pg=PR12|isbn=9789231041679|author=Wolf|first=Aaron T.|date=6 June 2010}}</ref>Andersen rụrụ ọrụ na United Nations na New York afọ 12 na UN Sudano-Sahelian Office (UNSO), (ugbu a Global Policy Center on Resilient Ecosystems and Desertification nke dabeere na Nairobi[1]) ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ọzara. N'afọ 1992, a họpụtara ya Onye Nchịkọba Gburugburu Gburugburu Ebe obibi Facility maka MENA na UNDP, ebe ọ na-ahụ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ na mba 22 Arab. From 2010 until 2011, Andersen served as the World Bank’s Vice President for Sustainable Development and Head of the CGIAR Fund Council.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fund Council Chair Inger Andersen|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5KV8bSDS00|work=Youtube|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Inger Andersen World Bank profile|url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/team/inger-andersen|work=World Bank|accessdate=13 July 2017|archivedate=20 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320054936/https://blogs.worldbank.org/team/inger-andersen}}</ref> During her tenure she oversaw the creation of the CGIAR Fund Council and the CGIAR Consortium. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Inger Andersen, Carlos Perez del Castillo and Bernard Hubert in Montpellier for the CGIAR Funders Forum|url=https://vimeo.com/22104513|accessdate=13 July 2017|date=8 April 2011}}</ref> As Vice President for Sustainable Development, Andersen profiled a number of World Bank priorities, including: agricultural productivity and enhancing food security; <ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 conf - Day 2 Dinner keynote - ;Inger Andersen|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxqF_kq9VZQ|work=Youtube|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref> infrastructure investment; climate change resilience; <ref>{{Cite web|title=Inger Andersen, World Bank VP for Sustainable Development at UN Climate Change Conference in Cancun|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iKwa8Dp5Do|work=Youtube|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref> green growth; <ref>{{Cite web|title='Green Growth and Development -- It's Possible'|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UaDEW26ZeoA|work=Youtube|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref> social accountability; disaster risk management; and culture and development. <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Bank and UNESCO: Expanding Opportunities for Collaboration on Culture and Sustainable Development|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/778/|work=UNESCO|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref> Under Andersen's leadership, IUCN held its 2016 World Conservation Congress in Hawaii, United States. The 2016 Congress was the largest international conservation event held in the United States. It was opened by President [[Barack Obama]] on the eve of the formal opening <ref>{{Cite web|title=Obama: No Nation, Not Even One As Powerful As The U.S., Is Immune From Climate Change|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/obama-hawaii-monument_us_57c7269de4b078581f10c56e|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=13 July 2017|date=September 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=President Obama speaking at East-West Center|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtXD6-hfLpY|work=Youtube|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] dy8ou7pde3efic6o9psnactjy59psml 0 37055 705607 151596 2026-08-24T23:59:06Z Varlaam 1952 705607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name=Mukunda Michael Dewil |image= |imagesize=|alt=|caption= |birth_name= |birth_date= |birth_place= |death_date= |death_place= |notable_works= |known_for={{hlist|''[[Retribution (2011 film)|Retribution]]''|''[[Vehicle 19]]''|''[[The Immaculate Room]]''}} |awards= |othername= |occupation={{flatlist| *screenwriter *director}} |yearsactive= |party= |spouse= |alma_mater= |children= |nationality=South African |citizenship=South African |mother= |father= |website= }} '''Mukunda Michael Dewil''' bụ onye edemede na onye nduzi South Africa na-arụ ọrụ na Hollywood . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Miller’s ‘Hard Boiled’ Finally Coming to the Big Screen [UPDATED]|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/tag/mukunda-michael-dewil/|publisher=Slashfilm|accessdate=26 February 2014}}</ref> <ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/emile-hirsch-kate-bosworth-ashley-greene-m-emmet-walsh-board-the-immaculate-room-thriller Emile Hirsch, Kate Bosworth, Ashley Greene, M Emmet Walsh Board ‘The Immaculate Room’ Thriller]. [[The Hollywood Reporter]]</ref> dere ma duzie Retribution, Vehicle 19 (nke Paul Walker na-eme) na The Immaculate Room (Emile Hirsch, Kate Bosworth, Ashley Greene).[1] Ọ bụ onye mọnk. Dewil nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ <ref>[https://cinemadailyus.com/interviews/the-immaculate-room-exclusive-interview-with-director-mukunda-michael-dewil/ The Immaculate Room: Exclusive Interview with Director Mukunda Michael Dewil]. Cinema Daily US</ref> India. == Edensibia == duziri ihe nkiri atọ ọzọ na ihe nkiri Fugard, gụnyere The Guest na ''Marigolds n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ'', n'obodo ha bụ Sout {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|4320125}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] glklgpmj48jm8yksop92vgpwhxr48iw 0 37845 705601 705179 2026-08-24T19:42:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705601 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Imora.jpg|thumb]] <ref name="Ithaca"/>'''Idrissou Mora-Kpai''' (amụrụ na 14 Julaị 1967), bụ Onye na-eme ihe nkiri [[Benin|Ndị Benin]] na America. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/idrissou-mora-kpai|title=Idrissou Mora-Kpai at IFFR|publisher=IFFR|accessdate=30 October 2020|archivedate=30 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030211051/https://iffr.com/en/persons/idrissou-mora-kpai}}</ref> bụ onye a ma ama dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe nkiri Indochina Traces of a Mother, Arlit The Second Paris, na Si-Gueriki The Queen Mother . [1] <ref name="official">{{Cite web|url=https://idrimora.com/about/|title=Idrissou Mora-Kpai bio|publisher=Idrissou Mora-Kpai official website|accessdate=30 October 2020|archivedate=5 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205190339/https://idrimora.com/about/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Idrissou Mora-Kpai official website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="gf.org">https://www.gf.org/fellows/idrissou-mora-kpai/</ref> bụ onye natara John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship [1] na Dutch Prince Claus Award [2] == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ ya na 14 Julaị 1967 na Béroubouay, Northern Benin n'ezinụlọ ndị ọrụ ugbo ehi. Nna ya bụ Mora-Kpai Sounon Dangnon na nne ya bụ Bougnon Yarou Signangui . <ref name="Ithaca"/> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere MA na Konrad Wolf Film University nke Babelsberg, Germany. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi nleta na Mahadum Cornell, Mahadum Duke na Mahadim Pittsburgh . <ref name="official"/> Ugbu <ref name="filmuniversitaet">{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmuniversitaet.de/portrait/person/idrissou-mora-kpai|title=Prof. Idrissou Mora Kpai|publisher=filmuniversitaet|accessdate=30 October 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.filmuniversitaet.de/portrait/person/idrissou-mora-kpai "Prof. Idrissou Mora Kpai"]. filmuniversitaet<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> ọ bi na US. [1] <ref name="Ithaca">{{Cite web|url=https://faculty.ithaca.edu/imorakpai/|title=Idrissou Mora-Kpai: Assistant Professor, Media Arts, Sciences and Studies|publisher=Ithaca College|accessdate=30 October 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://faculty.ithaca.edu/imorakpai/ "Idrissou Mora-Kpai: Assistant Professor, Media Arts, Sciences and Studies"]. Ithaca College<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> bụ osote prọfesọ na ngalaba nke nka mgbasa ozi, sayensị na ọmụmụ na Ithaca College . [1] == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, ọ kwagara Cotonou wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, ọ gara Algeria wee si Ịtali kwaga Germany. Mgbe ahụ ọ gụrụ ọmụmụ North America na Mahadum Free nke Berlin site na 1988 ruo 1993. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gụrụ ihe nkiri na Mahadum Konrad Wolf Film site na 1994 ruo 1999. <ref name="filmuniversitaet"/>'oge mahadum a, o mere ọtụtụ ihe nkiri abụọ dị mkpirikpi, Transient na Fake Soldiers . <ref name="Ithaca"/> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Harrow|first=Kenneth W.|date=|title=Idrissou Mora Kpai. Si-Gueriki (The Queen Mother). Benin, 2003. 62 minutes. In Bariba and French with English subtitles. Distributed by California Newsreel, 500 Third St., Suite 505, San Francisco, Calif. 94107: www.newsreel.org. VHS. $195.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/idrissou-mora-kpai-sigueriki-the-queen-mother-benin-2003-62-minutes-in-bariba-and-french-with-english-subtitles-distributed-by-california-newsreel-500-third-st-suite-505-san-francisco-calif-94107-wwwnewsreelorg-vhs-195/11975C549CF3FC226304766BA0435316|journal=African Studies Review|language=en|volume=47|issue=2|pages=223–225|doi=10.1017/S0002020600031346|issn=0002-0206}}</ref>'afọ 1999, Idrissou kwagara Paris wee mee ihe nkiri mbụ ya, ''Si-Gueriki'' <ref>{{Cite web|author=Young|first=Deborah|date=2003-02-19|title=Si-Gueriki, The Queen Mother|url=https://variety.com/2003/film/reviews/si-gueriki-the-queen-mother-1200543315/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> n'afọ 2002. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara otuto <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/399/|title=Biografie Idrissou Mora Kpai|publisher=filme-aus-afrika|accessdate=30 October 2020|archivedate=30 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030182130/http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/399/}}</ref> nlebara anya mba ụwa. E gosipụtara ya na International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR), Cinema du Réel, Paris na Copenhagen International Film Festival (CIFF). <ref name="filmuniversitaet"/> nkiri ahụ mechara nye onyinye Best Documentary Award <ref name="Ithaca"/> Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur . [1] [2] N'afọ 2002, o guzobere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta 'MKJ Films'. <ref>{{Cite web|title=African, Asia and Latin America Film Festival|url=https://www.fescaaal.org/en/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=Festival del Cinema Africano, d'Asia e America Latina|language=en-US}}</ref> na ụlọ mmepụta ihe, o mepụtara ihe nkiri abụọ ọzọ; Arlit The Second Paris<ref>{{Cite web|author=Edwards|first=Russell|date=2005-02-25|title=Arlit, The Second Paris|url=https://variety.com/2005/film/reviews/arlit-the-second-paris-1200527646/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-11-28|title=ARLIT: DEUXIEME PARIS Reviews, Uncategorized Film Threat|url=https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/arlit-deuxieme-paris/|accessdate=2023-11-22|language=en-US}}</ref> gosipụtara na The Berlin International Film Festival<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arlit, deuxième Paris {{!}} Arlit, the Second Paris {{!}} Arlit, ein zweites Paris - Forum 2005|url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2005/programme/20051266.html|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=www.berlinale.de|language=en}}</ref> na Sheffield International Documentary Festival ma mesịa nye ya, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Best Documentary Award na TV5 Award na Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur, ihe nrite kachasị mma na Asian na Latin American Film Festival Milan, ihe nrit kacha mma na Muestra de Cine Africano de Tarifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FCAT - Festival de Cine Africano de Tarifa~Tánger|url=https://fcat.es/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=FCAT {{!}} Festival de Cine Africano de Tarifa~Tánger|language=es-ES}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Busan International Film Festival|url=https://www.biff.kr/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=Busan International Film Festival}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Community for Black Creativity and News - Blavity News|url=https://blavity.com/|accessdate=2023-11-22|work=Blavity News & Politics|language=en}}</ref> nkiri <ref>{{Cite web|title=Indochina Traces of a Mother – Idrissou Mora-Kpai|url=https://idrimora.com/projects/indochina-traces-of-a-mother/|accessdate=2023-11-22|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205185557/https://idrimora.com/projects/indochina-traces-of-a-mother/}}</ref> Indochina Traces of a Mother [1] [2] nke otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mepụtara, gosipụtara na Busan International Film Festival, [3] na Cannes International Film Festival,<ref>http://cannes.juryoecumenique.org/actualites/du-cote-des-cinephiles/2011/article/indochine-sur-les-traces-d-une</ref> French Institute Screening. Ihe nkiri ahụ dọtara uche ndị mgbasa ozi n'ihi ikpughe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a na-amaghị nke ọma banyere ndị agha Afrịka na-alụ ọgụ n'agha Indochina nke France. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ficinema.dz/fr/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2024-03-04 |archivedate=2024-03-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301050224/http://www.ficinema.dz/fr/ }}</ref> nyere ''Indochina'' ihe nrite kachasị mma na Alger International Film Festival. N'afọ 2019, o mere ihe nkiri ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20231218172153/https://idrimora.com/projects/america-street/ America Street]'' . Ọ na-enyocha ọgụ kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị Africa America na Charleston, South Carolina mgbe ogbugbu Walter Scott nke afọ 2015 gasịrị. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara otuto <ref>https://sites.duke.edu/researchafrica/files/2021/01/8-The-Syncopation-of-Idrissou-Mora-Kpaiau2019s-America-Street-2020-Judy-Markup.pdf</ref> egwu ma gosipụta ya n'ọtụtụ mmemme ihe nkiri, gụnyere FID Marseille . <ref>https://fidmarseille.org/en/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/idrissou-mora-kpai/|title=Idrissou Mora Kpai bio|publisher=africanfilmny|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref> <ref>https://www.postandcourier.com/charleston_scene/america-street-documentary-on-charleston-s-east-side-community-now-free-to-stream/article_b6ee3b6c-a5a8-11ea-8937-7f051e8ba5f9.html</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Ụdị !Ihe mgbochi. |- |1996 |''Onye na-agafe agafe'' |Onye nduzi, onye mmepụta, onye edemede, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |1999 |''Ndị Agha ụgha'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi<ref>https://www.arsenal-berlin.de/en/forum-forum-expanded/supplement/detailseite-supplement/interview-mit-idrissou-mora-kpai-1/</ref> | |- |2002 |''Si-Gueriki, Eze Nwanyị'' |Onye nduzi |Ihe nkiri |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsreel.org/video/SI-GUERIKI|title=California Newsreel - SI-GUERIKI|work=newsreel.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1537_whoswho/page9.shtml|title=Who's who at FESPACO|work=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> |- |2005 |''Arlit: Paris nke Abụọ'' |Onye nduzi, onye mmepụta, onye edemede |Ihe nkiri |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2005/film/reviews/arlit-the-second-paris-1200527646/|title=Arlit, The Second Paris|first=Russell|author=Edwards|date=February 25, 2005}}</ref> |- |2011 |''Indochina Ihe Ndị Na-egosi Nne'' |Onye nduzi, onye na-emepụta |Ihe nkiri |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idrimora.com/projects/indochina-traces-of-a-mother/|title=Indochina Traces of a Mother – Idrissou Mora-Kpai|accessdate=2024-03-04|archivedate=2019-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205185557/https://idrimora.com/projects/indochina-traces-of-a-mother/}}</ref> |- |2019 |''America Street'' |Onye nduzi, onye na-emepụta ihe, onye na -ese ihe nkiri |Ihe nkiri | |} == Hụkwa == * Ihe nkiri nke Africa * Ihe nkiri nke Benin == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Y{{IMDb name|nm1280495}} gosipụtara na The Berlin International Film Festival na Sheffield International Documentary Festival ma mesịa nye ya, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Best Documentary Award na TV5 ọgụ kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị Africa America na Charleston, South Carolina mgbe ogbugbu Walter Scott{{authority control}} otgd709douzrrjnrh9eq3w7sg79x8ep 0 37848 705614 450425 2026-08-25T08:17:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705614 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Machérie Ekwa Bahango''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1993) bụ Onye na-eme ihe nkiri si [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] . <ref name="MEDS">{{Cite news|url=https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/talent/ekwa-bahango/profile|title=Machérie EKWA Director, Screenwriter|work=[[Berlinale Talents]]|accessdate=April 9, 2022}}</ref> Ihe nkiri mbụ <ref name="Vourlias">{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/spotlight/berlin-film-festival-2018-bahango-makila-berlinale-1202696635/|title=Berlin: Director Bahango Hopes to Inspire Congolese Women to Pick Up Cameras|date=February 16, 2018|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=March 27, 2022}}</ref> bụ ''Maki'la'' gosipụtara na Berlinale 2018. [1] Ihe nkiri <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dciff-indie.org/2020-films/2020-narrative-features/sema-speak-out/|title=Sema (Speak Out)|work=dciff-indie.org|accessdate=March 28, 2022}}</ref> bụ ''Sema'' kwadoro ikike ụmụ nwanyị ma kwuo okwu banyere ime ihe ike mmekọahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dciff-indie.org/2020/03/11/dciff-2020-award-winners/|title=DCIFF 2020 Award Winners|work=[[DC Independent Film Festival]]|accessdate=March 28, 2022}}</ref> meriri ihe nrite dị ka "Ihe nkiri mba ụwa kacha mma" na DC Independent Film Festival 2020 na Washington. == Ndụ == A mụrụ Machérie Ekwa Bahango na Kisangani. Mgbe <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ouicoprod.org/talent/?id=74|title=Machérie EKWA BAHANGO DRC|work=ouicoprod.org|accessdate=March 27, 2022|archivedate=January 20, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120150711/https://ouicoprod.org/talent/?id=74}}</ref> gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gara mahadum wee nweta akara ugo mmụta na Mahadum Protestant dị na Congo. <ref name="DW2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.arsenal-berlin.de/en/berlinale-forum/archive/program-archive/2018/forum-program/main-program/makila-1/|title=Maki’la|work=arsenal-berlin.de/en|accessdate=3 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mail.jcctunisie.org/jcc2018/eng/filmsDetail.php?id_film=3|title=MAKI’LA|work=[[Carthage Film Festival]] Homepage|accessdate=March 28, 2022|archivedate=October 19, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019115218/https://mail.jcctunisie.org/jcc2018/eng/filmsDetail.php?id_film=3}}</ref> ka nwa akwụkwọ, o sonyere na ọmụmụ ihe maka edemede na mmepụta ihe nkiri. == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2014, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe nkiri nke Congo bụ Labson Bizizi Ciné-Kongo goro Machérie Ekwa Bahango dị ka onye njikwa mmepụta na dịka onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ. N'afọ 2016 ọ bụ Onye edemede maka usoro ihe nkiri French bụ ''Ndakisa'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/project/profile/206546|title=Ndakisa|work=berlinale-talents.de|accessdate=March 27, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfcg.org/security-forces-civilians-drc-project/|title=RESTORING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SECURITY FORCES AND CIVILIANS IN THE EASTERN DRC|work=sfcg.org|accessdate=April 4, 2022}}</ref>'ịbụ nke NGO Search for Common Ground mepụtara, a na-egosi ''Ndakisa'' na telivishọn mba Congo. [1] N'afọ 2017 ọ sụgharịrị maka Alain Gomis edemede ya maka ihe nkiri Félicité ya n'asụsụ ala ya bụ [[Lingala]] . <ref name="Vourlias"/> N'afọ 2017 kwa, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa Cannes Film Festival maka tebụl gburugburu n'okpuru nduzi nke OIF na Institut Français. Na ngwụcha afọ 2017 ọ natara akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù site na Berlin International Film Festival maka Berlinale Talent . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ciff.org.eg/short-film-competition-jury/|title=43rd Cairo International Film Festival|work=[[Cairo International Film Festival]]|accessdate=March 27, 2022}}</ref> Ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ ''Mak'ila'' dị ka ọ bụ maka nwa mgbei a manyere ilekọta onwe ya n'okporo ámá [[Kinshasa]]. <ref name="Vourlias"/> kwụsịrị na mmepụta n'ihi enweghị ego ruo mgbe Alain Modot, nke International Distribution of Films and Fiction from Africa (DIFFA), nwetara nkwado site na Orange Studio na Paris. <ref>Patricia Ngo Ngouem, [https://icicameroun.com/2018/07/art-et-culture/qui-est-macherie-ekwa-bahango-lecran-dor-2018/ Qui est Machérie Ekwa Bahango, l'Ecran d'Or 2018?], ''Ici Cameroun'', 23 July 2018.</ref>''Mak'ila'' meriri ya na onyinye Golden Screen na 2018 Ecrans Noirs film festival. [1] Ihe nkiri nke abụọ ya kọrọ akụkọ ezinụlọ n'oge Agha Congo nke Abụọ. A mara ọkwa ya n'okpuru aha Zaïria na 2019.<ref name="disc"> {{Cite news|url=https://cdn-media.festival-cannes.com/media_pdf/0001/63/8067418fd9d4ef7c74bf76a7922790f08dc2c583.pdf|title=Zairia|work=[[Cinéfondation]]|accessdate=April 9, 2022}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://cdn-media.festival-cannes.com/media_pdf/0001/63/8067418fd9d4ef7c74bf76a7922790f08dc2c583.pdf "Zairia"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''[[Ntọala ihe nkiri|Cinéfondation]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/project/profile/206241|title=Zairia|work=Berlinale Talents|accessdate=April 9, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learngerman.dw.com/en/covid-19-africa-lockdown-2021-artists/a-58009814|title=Africa's artists during COVID|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|accessdate=March 27, 2022}}</ref> n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19 zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọrụ ya niile kwụsịrị ma kọntaktị ya na ụfọdụ ndị mmekọ mmepụta kwụsịrị. N'afọ 2020, e wepụtara ihe nkiri nkeji iri anọ na asatọ bụ ''Sema''. Ọ dabeere n'echiche nke Denis Mukwege, onye mmeri nke Nobel Peace Prize na 2018. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mukwegefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PRESS-KIT-SEMA-ENGLISH-VERSION-LD1.pdf|title=Berlin: SEMA (Press Kit)|work=mukwegefoundation.org|accessdate=April 8, 2022}}</ref> N'afọ 2022 ọ nọ n'etiti mmadụ iri abụọ Netflix na UNESCO họpụtara ka ha sonye na asọmpi ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi 'African Folktales, Reimagined'. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://contentnigeria.net/netflix-unesco-reveal-african-short-film-shortlist/|title=Netflix, UNESCO reveal African shorts list|work=contentnigeria.net|accessdate=March 28, 2022|archivedate=February 4, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204055703/https://contentnigeria.net/netflix-unesco-reveal-african-short-film-shortlist/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://african.business/2022/02/apo-newsfeed/top-20-emerging-filmmakers-shortlisted-for-netflix-unescos-african-folktales-reimagined-competition/|title=Top 20 Emerging Filmmakers Shortlisted For Netflix & UNESCO’s African Folktales, Reimagined Competition|date=February 2, 2022|work=[[African Business]]|accessdate=March 27, 2022|archivedate=February 16, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216052727/https://african.business/2022/02/apo-newsfeed/top-20-emerging-filmmakers-shortlisted-for-netflix-unescos-african-folktales-reimagined-competition/}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Aha ya !Afọ ! style="width:65px;" |Onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri !Onye edemede !Onye nduzi !Ihe edeturu |- ! scope="row" |''Maki'la''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanfilmdatabase.com/films/show/1367|title=Mak’ila|work=africanfilmdatabase.com|accessdate=March 27, 2022|archivedate=October 19, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019115218/https://www.africanfilmdatabase.com/films/show/1367}}</ref> |2018| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} |<ref name="Vourlias"/> zutere ụmụaka nọ n'okporo ámá nke [[Kinshasa]] ma dabere na ihe ha gwara ya banyere ndụ ha [1] |- ! scope="row" |'' Zaire''<ref name="disc"/> |2019| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} |A raara ya nye ndị agha metụtara n'Africa. A rụchabeghị ya. |- ! scope="row" |''Sema (Kwu okwu) ''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mukwegefoundation.org/the-film-sema/|title=Sema|work=[[mukwege]]foundation.org|accessdate=March 27, 2022}}</ref> |2020| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}} |Bahango duziri ezigbo ndị lanarịrị ihe ike mmekọahụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/congo-rape-film-idINL8N2AY6R1|title=Congolese rape survivors re-enact trauma in new film|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=March 29, 2022}}</ref> ndị gosipụtara ọdịnihu ha dịka ha dere n'onwe ha [1] |- ! scope="row" |''Boyoma''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wooozpictures.com/en/documentary/boyoma/|title=Boyoma|work=wooozpictures.com|accessdate=March 27, 2022}}</ref> |2022| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} |ihe nkiri na-emepe emepe |- |} == Hụkwa == * Ihe nkiri nke Democratic Republic of the Congo * Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri Democratic Republic of the Congo * Mgbasa ozi nke Democratic Republic of the Congo * Ihe nkiri nke Africa == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|10747138}} n'ihi enweghị ego ruo mgbe Alain Modot, nke International Distribution of Films and Fiction from Africa (DIFFA), nwetara nkwado site na Orange Studio na Paris.mgbe Alain Modot, nke International Distribution of Films and Fiction from Africa (DIFFA){{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] j4icl6ek7crrgsl47lr6cnrttnwh4m8 0 52257 705612 595689 2026-08-25T04:14:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox officeholder|children={{Start date|2021|07|07|df=yes}}|website={{URL|sites.google.com/site/kirenrijiju/}}}} Kiren Rijiju (amụrụ 19 Nọvemba 1971) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India na-eje ozi dị ka 28th Minister of Parliamentary Affairs na 7th Minister of Minority Affairs kemgbe 2024. Ọ bụ Minista Minista nke Sayensị Sayensị ụwa na Industries Nhazi nri na gọọmentị India kemgbe 2023 ruo June 2024. na onye otu nzuko omeiwu na Lok Sabha sitere na Arunachal West kemgbe 2014 na site na 2004 ruo 2009. Na mbụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ala na-ahụ maka ime obodo site na 2014 ruo 2019, Minister of State for Minority Affairs si 2019 ruo 2021, Minister of Steeti (ụgwọ nọọrọ onwe ya) maka egwuregwu na ihe ndị ntorobịa site na 2019 ruo 2021 yana minista iwu site na 2021 ruo 2023 .<ref>{{Cite news|author=Saigal|first=Sonam|title=As Law Minister, Kiren Rijiju took potshots at Indian judiciary|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/as-law-minister-kiren-rijiju-took-potshots-at-indian-judiciary/article66866361.ece|accessdate=2023-05-20|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2023-05-18}}</ref><ref name="Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls">{{Cite news|author=The Economic Times|title=Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=27 July 2024|date=6 June 2024}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Rijiju na 19 Nọvemba 1971 na ezinụlọ Buddhist na obodo Nakhu dị nso na obodo Nafra na mpaghara West Kameng nke Arunachal Pradesh. Aha nna ya bụ Rinchin Kharu na aha nne ya bụ Chirai Rijiju. Nna ya bụ onye na-ekwuchitere oge mbụ nke ọgbakọ omebe iwu Arunachal Pradesh nke mbụ <ref name="panorama">{{Cite web|url=http://www.easternpanorama.in/index.php/component/content/article/27-2009/september31/523-the-saffron-man-now-playing-the-jai-ho-tune|title=The saffron man, now playing the Jai Ho tune|publisher=eastern panorama|accessdate=8 June 2014|author=C. B. Namchoom}}</ref> == Mmụta == Rijiju gụsịrị akwụkwọ (B.A.) na Hansraj College, Mahadum Delhi. Ọzọkwa, na 1998, o mere akara ugo mmụta ya na iwu (LL.B) site na Campus Law Centre, Faculty of Law, Mahadum Delhi . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/amid-appointments-impasse-virtual-courts-new-law-minister-kiren-rijiju-signs-in-7395908/|title=Amid appointments impasse, virtual courts, new Law Minister Kiren Rijiju signs in|publisher=Indian Express|date=8 July 2021|accessdate=8 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://clc.du.ac.in/|title=Campus Law Centre DU|publisher=DU|date=8 July 2021|accessdate=8 July 2021|archivedate=19 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619214721/http://clc.du.ac.in/}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == [[Usòrò:Shri_Kiren_Rijiju_assuming_charge_as_the_Union_Minister_for_Parliamentary_Affairs.jpg|thumb|Rijiju na-ewere ọrụ dị ka Minista Union maka ihe gbasara ndị omeiwu]] Kiren Rijiju bụ onye omeiwu ugboro atọ na Lok Sabha site na Arunachal Pradesh (2004, 2014, na 2024). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka minista nke steeti (MoS) (nwere onwe) maka ihe gbasara ndị ntorobịa na egwuregwu, ihe gbasara ndị ka nta nke MoS, ihe gbasara ụlọ nke MoS na Minista nke Iwu na Ikpe Ziri Ezi. Oge ọ nọrọ dị ka Minista Iwu nwere esemokwu. N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2023, e kenyere ya ọrụ na Ministry of Earth Sciences. <ref name="indian-express-summary">{{cite news |title=Kiren Rijiju no longer law minister: A look at his political career, controversies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/kiren-rijiju-law-ministry-political-career-controversies-8615705/ |access-date=20 May 2023 |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=18 May 2023 |archive-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141026/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/kiren-rijiju-law-ministry-political-career-controversies-8615705/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dhammabharat.com/buddhist-mps-in-18th-loksabha/|title=Buddhist MPS in 18th Lok Sabha (2024-2029)|date=2 July 2024|accessdate=16 September 2024|archivedate=15 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715161810/https://www.dhammabharat.com/buddhist-mps-in-18th-loksabha/}}</ref> == Arụmụka == N'afọ 2022, Kiren kpọrọ usoro nhọpụta nke ndị ọkàikpe na usoro ikpe India dị ka "ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe", na-egosi na a na-eme nhọpụta na njikọ onwe onye kama uru. Ọ kwadokwara maka ọrụ gọọmentị na nhọpụta nke ndị ọka ikpe, na-edegara Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud akwụkwọ ozi. Ihe ndị ọ na-ekwu banyere usoro ikpe na nke kọleji bụ ndị ndị ọka iwu na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu katọrọ n'ọtụtụ ebe. <ref name="indian-express-summary"/><ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff|first=The Wire|title=Supreme Court Objects to Kiren Rijiju's Remarks on Collegium System|url=https://thewire.in/law/supreme-court-kiren-rijiju-collegium-system|accessdate=2023-05-20|work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|date=2022-11-28}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị 2023, Kiren boro ụfọdụ ndị ọkàikpe lara ezumike nká ebubo ịbụ akụkụ nke "Ndị otu Anti-India". <ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff|first=The Wire|title=Some Retired Judges Are Part of 'Anti-India Gang', Says Law Minister Kiren Rijiju|url=https://thewire.in/law/kiren-rijiju-judges-rahul-gandhi-anti-india-gang|accessdate=2023-05-20|work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|date=2023-03-18}}</ref> Otu ìgwè ndị bụbu ndị ọrụ gọọmentị si n'òtù Constitutional Conduct Group zaghachiri site n'ikwu na nkwupụta Rijiju bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke "authoritarianism".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff|first=The Wire|title=Rijiju's 'Anti-India' Comments a Sign of 'Authoritarianism', Say Former Civil Servants|url=https://thewire.in/rights/rijijus-anti-india-comments-a-sign-of-authoritarianism-say-former-civil-servants|accessdate=2023-05-20|work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|date=2023-03-30}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ Joram Rina Rijiju na 2004.<ref name="lok">{{Cite web|title=Fourteenth Lok Sabha: Members Bioprofile|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=3972|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529071136/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=3972|archivedate=29 May 2014|accessdate=28 May 2014|publisher=Lok Sabha}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Lady Shri Ram College for Women, New Delhi ma bụrụkwa onye nwetara ọla edo na Mahadum Arunachal. Ọ bụ osote prọfesọ na-akụzi akụkọ ihe mere eme na Dera Natung Government College, Itanagar na Arunachal Pradesh.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Hụkwa == * Ozi nke Atọ nke Modi == Ihe odide == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ssb5jbv8umb23t3e6k5rl5asu4a2id6 0 52397 705618 449759 2026-08-25T10:32:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705618 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Antoinette Brown Sherman''' (October 27, 1926 - June 3, 2004) bụ onye nkuzi Liberia, na nwanyị mbụ jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke mahadum n'Africa. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Mary Antoinette Hope Grimes na Monrovia, ada Louis Arthur Grimes na Victoria Elizabeth Jellemoh. Nna ya bụ onye Americo-Liberia, ma ọ bụ Congo, onye ọrụ gọọmentị nke ghọrọ Onyeikpe Kasị Elu nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Liberia. Nwanne ya nwoke Joseph Rudolph Grimes bụ Odeakwụkwọ Ọchịchị Liberia site na 1960 ruo 1972. Nne ya sitere na agbụrụ Vai, ma zụlitere ya na ezinụlọ Joseph J. Cheeseman, onye isi ala nke iri na abụọ nke Liberia. Mary Antoinette Grimes bụkwa onye isi nke 15 nke Liberia, Arthur Barclay, na onye isi nke 18, Edwin Barclay. O dere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị nna nna ya Barclay.<ref>Mary Antoinette Brown Sherman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WL2MYgEACAAJ ''Barclay Women in Liberia: Two Generations : a Biographical Dictionary''] (Jellemoh Publications 2000).</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ mmụta mahadum na kọleji Liberia na 1947, Grimes nwetara akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na nkuzi site na kọleji Radcliffe na 1949; Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na doctoral na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Cornell na 1967. Isiokwu edemede ya bụ "Education and national development in Liberia, 1800-1900." <ref>Mary Antoinette Grimes Brown, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wr1OAAAAYAAJ ''Education and National Development in Liberia, 1800-1900''] (PhD diss., Cornell University, 1967)</ref> == Ọrụ == Na 1950, Sherman sonyeere ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Liberia. Mary Antoinette Brown ka a họpụtara onye isi oche nke College Teachers na Mahadum Liberia na 1958, na emesịa osote onye isi oche maka agụmakwụkwọ (1975-1978). Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Mahadum Liberia site na 1978 ruo 1984. N'oge ọ na-achị dị ka onyeisi oche, mahadum ahụ hụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na mmemme gbasaa gbasaa, ma kwalite ego scholarships. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'aha ndị nkuzi megide nnyonye anya gọọmentị. N'afọ 1980, Onye isi ala Samuel K. Doe nwara ịhọpụta Sherman dị ka odeakwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ya, mana ọ jụrụ onyinye ahụ.Na 1984, a chụrụ Sherman na mahadum ka ndị agha Liberia wakporo ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ n'ike, ma mechie ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nke ọma ruo ọtụtụ afọ.[1] Ọ kwagara United States na 1986, bụ ebe o nyere aka chọta Mahadum Liberia Alumni Association.<ref>Winsley S. Nanka, [https://web.archive.org/web/20250222125349/https://www.theperspective.org/2004/june/drmaryantoinettebrownsherman.html "Liberians Bid Dr. Mary Antoinette Brown-Sherman Farewell"] ''The Perspective'' (June 22, 2004).</ref> O dekwara akụkọ ndụ nne ya, nke e bipụtara n'afọ 2005. N'afọ 2016, nwanyị nke abụọ, Ophelia Inez Weeks, malitere ọrụ ya nke iduzi Mahadum Liberia. N'oge emere ya, Onye isi ala Sirleaf toro ọrụ ọhụrụ Brown-Sherman nwetara.<ref name="weeks">{{Cite web|author=Reporter|first=FPA Staff|date=2017-09-15|title=Pres. Sirleaf Inducts Dr. Ophelia Weeks As 14th President of University of Liberia|url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/2016news/pres-sirleaf-inducts-dr-ophelia-weeks-as-14th-president-of-university-of-liberia/|accessdate=2024-03-19|work=FrontPageAfrica|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319124039/https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/2016news/pres-sirleaf-inducts-dr-ophelia-weeks-as-14th-president-of-university-of-liberia/}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Mary Antoinette Grimes lụrụ ugboro abụọ, na 1950 na 1973. Di mbụ ya, onye na-elekọta ụlọ akụ Kedrick Wellington Brown, nwụrụ na 1962. Ha mụrụ ụmụ atọ. Nwa ha nwanyị Lducia Brown nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala mgbe ọ bụ nwata. Di ya nke abụọ George Flamma Sherman bụ odeakwụkwọ mmụta nke Liberia, bụrụkwa onye nnọchi anya mbụ. Ọ bụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke ugboro abụọ mgbe Sherman nwụrụ na 1999, mgbe ọtụtụ afọ na-arịa ọrịa Alzheimer. Dr. Sherman nwụrụ n'afọ 2004. E liri ya na Bayview Cemetery, Middletown, New Jersey. E wepụtara mbipụta pụrụ iche nke Liberian Studies Journal, nke e bipụtara na 2005, maka ncheta ya. <ref>''Liberian Studies Journal'' 30(1)(2005), special issue in memory of Mary Antoinette Brown Sherman.</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Brown Sherman, Mary Antoinette}} 38t1yndncg1s0qqbm835ogepu96q9od 0 54608 705615 516985 2026-08-25T08:48:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705615 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |Mainland BlockParty |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ọnọdụ | class="infobox-data" |Ịrụsi Ọrụ Ike |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * Afrobeats * ụlọ * amapiano * pop * [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] * ọnyà </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụbọchị (s) | class="infobox-data" |Sọnde gara aga |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ugboro ole a na-eme | class="infobox-data" |Kwa ọnwa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe (s) | class="infobox-data" |[[Lagos|Ọdọ Mmiri]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba | class="infobox-data" |Naịjirịa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Afọ ndị ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike | class="infobox-data" |2018-dị ugbu a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nke a haziri site na | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Ihe ntụrụndụ TopBoy * Plug Live </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://mainlandblockparty.com/ www.mainlandblockparty.com]</span> |} Usoro BlockParty nke na Lagos, Nigeria dị ka Mainland BlockParty na 2018. Usoro n'ime ihe nkiri Island BlockParty, Capital BlockParty, Garden BlockParty), Premier BlockParty.  A na-eme emume egwu ahụ kwa ụnwaanyị ikpeazụ nke ụnwa ụnyaahụ ma e wezụga ike na 1 Jenụwarị.[1]  Ọ na-eme n'obodo dị iche iche iche [[Abuja]], Port Harcourt, [[Ibadan]], na Accra.  TopBoy Entertainment na Plug Live na-usoro mmemme ahụ Ọ bụ otu n'ime nnukwu mmemme ndị na-eme kwa ụnwa na West Africa site na ịga na- ụ uche ndị mgbasa ozi na mba ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=In Photos: BlockParty in Lagos|url=https://crackmagazine.net/article/long-reads/in-photos-blockparty/|work=Crack Magazine|accessdate=18 March 2024}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ọ bụ Tobi Mohammed, [1] Moyo Shomade, Bizzle Osikoya, na Asa Asiga haziri Mainland BlockParty.  [2] E kere ya iji mee emume omenala ndị ọkọlọtọ ma kwalite njikọ n'ọtụtụ obodo Afrịka.[3]  A na-eme ihe omume ahụ kwa ụnwanyị na Ogige Nzuzo, Ikeja.  Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na MTV Base, Spotify, Jameson, Johnnie Walker, na A Whitespace Creative Agency.[4][5][6][7][8]  Na 12 Nọvemba 2016, BlockParty na akwụkwọ ya na A Whitespace Creative Agency, iji asụsụ AWCA BlockParty. <ref name="The Guardian Nigeria">{{Cite web|title=Block party, fashion weekend and a little strange thing|url=https://guardian.ng/features/block-party-fashion-weekend-and-a-little-strange-thing/|work=The Guardian Nigeria News|accessdate=18 March 2024|date=12 November 2016}}</ref> == Nkọwapụta == N'afọ n'afọ Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2020, Mainland BlockParty sere otu egwu ya na Victony ikiri "Space & Time", [1] dị ka egwu mbụ ya na Vickony ihuenyo Saturn.  [2] N'akwụkwọ nnyonye 2021, Mainland BlockParty, abọm nchịkọta Confluence Project na fim ya na Jameson Irish Whiskey, nke Alpha P, Fave, Naeto C, [[Ladipoe]], Terry Apala, Bnxn, na Joeboy.  3]  Ọ bụ Tobi Mohammed nke ya, yana ihie ụzọ na Sess The PRBLM Kid, SynX, na Adey.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria">{{Cite web|title=Joeboy, LadiPoe, Sess, Naeto C and more feature on MainlandBlockParty's, 'Confluence Project Vol. 1'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/stream-mainlandblockparty-confluence-project-vol-1/qt9mhdq|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=18 March 2024|language=en|date=2 April 2021|archivedate=3 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203054119/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/stream-mainlandblockparty-confluence-project-vol-1/qt9mhdq}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} 756rzsfxflz0s7zg69cjmv52nzq3zwq 0 58004 705610 368816 2026-08-25T01:57:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox officeholder|website=}} Joycelyn Tetteh (amuru 10 Jenụwarị 1988) bụ onye otu nzuko omeiwu nke itoolu nke Republic of Ghana nke anọ na-anọchite anya North Dayi na Volta Region na tiketi National Democratic Congress..[1][2] Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị omeiwu nwanyị 36 nke ndị omeiwu nke asaa nke mba nke anọ nke Ghana.[3] Tettehh bụkwa onye nnọchi anya maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na Ghana ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Daily Graphic|date=5 October 2018|title=Human Trafficking Ambassador an honour — Joycelyn Tetteh|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/human-trafficking-ambassador-an-honour-joycelyn-tetteh.html|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=21 January 2021|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> A mụrụ Tetteh na Tsyome-Sabadu, mpaghara Volta . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghana|first=ICT Dept. Office of Parliament|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=189|accessdate=2018-10-24|work=parliament of ghana|archivedate=2023-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927010521/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=189}}</ref>Ọ gụrụ Law na BEd na Management Studies na [[University of cape coast|Mahadum nke Cape Coast]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs – MP Details – Tetteh, Joycelyn|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5394|accessdate=2018-10-24|work=GhanaMps.|archivedate=2024-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927062147/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5394}}</ref> == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == N'afọ 2016, o sonyere ma merie oche ndị omeiwu NDC maka North Dayi Constituency na mpaghara Volta. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=90|accessdate=2022-01-04|work=parliament of ghana|archivedate=2023-12-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214022812/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=90}}</ref> === Nhọrọ 2016 === Tetteh bu ụzọ sonye n'ọkwa onye omeiwu nke North Day na tiketi nke National Democratic Congress n'oge ntuli aka Ghana nke afọ 2016 wee merie ntuli aka ahụ na vootu 12,948, na-anọchite anya 78.53% nke ngụkọta vootu. A họpụtara ya karịa Wogbe Kpikpitse nke IND, Samuel Kwesi Anomah nke New Patriotic Party, Christopher Wise Siale nke Convention People's Party na Christopher N.A Dotse nke NDP. Ha nwetara vootu 2,946, vootu 457, vootu 66 na vootu 57 n'otu, nke kwekọrọ na 17.89%, 2.83%, 0.40% na 0.35% nke ngụkọta vootu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=North Dayi Constituency Results - Election 2016|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/volta/north_dayi/|accessdate=2023-10-22|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2024-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301200042/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/volta/north_dayi/}}</ref> ==== Nhọrọ 2020 ==== A họpụtara Tetteh ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu maka mpaghara North Dayi na Volta Region na tiketi National Democratic Congress n'oge ntuli aka izugbe Ghana 2020. A họpụtara ya site na votu 14,424 na-anọchite anya 76.11% nke ngụkọta votu. O meriri Kudjoh Edmund Attah nke New Patriotic Party onye nwetara vootu 4,455 nke ya na 23.51% na onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi nke LPG Atteh Kingsely nwere vootu 72, na-anọchite anya 0.38% nke ngụkọta votu.. <ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=North Dayi Constituency Results - Election 2020|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/volta/north_dayi/|accessdate=2023-10-22|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2023-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005061303/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/volta/north_dayi/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=North Dayi – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report|url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/volta-region/north-dayi/|accessdate=2023-10-22|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-12-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204122827/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/volta-region/north-dayi/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliamentary Results for North Dayi|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&ID=249|accessdate=2023-10-22|work=Mobile GhanaWeb.}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == Ndị isi na ndị mmadụ nke North Dayi Constituency kwanyeere ya ugwu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2019, bụ ndị nyere ya utu aha: Mama Edwiname.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Quaye|first=Emmanuel|date=10 August 2019|title=North Dayi MP honoured by constituents|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/north-dayi-mp-honoured-by-constituents.html|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=21 January 2021|work=Graphic Ghana}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ lụrụ di ma ọ bụ nwunye ma bụrụkwa Onye Kraịst.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=90|accessdate=2024-07-28|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=2023-12-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214022812/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=90}}</ref> == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] l3kn381ruc3dibk5u42doo7pyyftu7u 0 58288 705590 692882 2026-08-24T14:01:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Fatuma Ali Saman</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" |1968 (afọ 56-57) &nbsp;<br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Mandera|Obodo Mandera]], [[Kenya]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A maara ya maka&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Mgbalị maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị |} Fatuma Ali Saman (amuru 1968) bu onye okacha amara na onye na-akwado ikike umunwanyi na onye otu ndi isi ulo oru ndi uwe ojii na-enwere onwe nke Kenya (KIPOA).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/Team+to+keep+police+in+check+takes+oath/-/1056/1420776/-/14ru9gu/-/index.html|title=Team to keep police in check takes oath|work=Daily Nation|language=en-UK|accessdate=2016-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipoa.go.ke/about-us/ipoa-board-members.html|title=IPOA Board Members|work=IPOA|accessdate=8 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126173848/http://ipoa.go.ke/about-us/ipoa-board-members.html|archivedate=26 November 2016}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Fatuma Ali Saman na Mandera, Northern Kenya na 1968. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị obere.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Mmụta == Saman gara ụlọ akwụkwọ St Brigid dị na Nairobi n'oge oge nnwere onwe mgbe "usoro 7-4-2-3" dị. Ọ gakwara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ụmụ nwanyị Wajir na 1983, wee hapụ n'afọ 1986 wee nweta akararịị mere ka ọ bụrụ nnabata na mahadum. Agbanyeghị, na 1987, ọ gara ọzụzụ dị ka onye nkuzi na kọleji Asumbi dị na South Nyanza, na nso mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya. O mechara gaa mahadum, wee gụchaa nzere bachelọ na agụmakwụkwọ, okpukperechi na akụkọ ihe mere eme.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ọrụ nkuzi == Saman anọwo na-akụzi ihe kemgbe afọ iri abụọ na ise na ụlọ ọrụ onwe na nke ọha na eze. Ọrụ nkuzi mbụ ya bụ na 1989 na Mandera boys town (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Mandera Islamic Centre) nke bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ gọọmentị. N'afọ 1993, ọ ghọrọ osote onye isi nkuzi nke Khadija Ummul-Muminun, ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ụmụ nwanyị nke gọọmentị. N'afọ 1995, Saman guzobere Nairobi Muslim Academy, ụlọ akwụkwọ na-akwụ ụgwọ onwe onye nke na-enye ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara, praịmarị na sekọndrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tuko.co.ke/323021-nairobi-muslim-academy-fees-structure-location-contacts.html|title=Nairobi Muslim Academy fees structure, location, contacts|date=7 November 2019}}</ref> Ebumnuche nke iguzobe Nairobi Muslim Academy, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ụmụ nwanyị na Nairobi Kenya, bụ inye gburugburu ebe obibi maka agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ agbọghọ dịka ọtụtụ ụmụ agbọghọ emetụtala site na alụmdi na nwunye n'oge.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ọ ka bụ onye ndụmọdụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/immersive-story/2017/08/22/educating-girls-ending-child-marriage|title=World Bank Report - Educating Girls, Ending Child Marriage|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021095329/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/immersive-story/2017/08/22/educating-girls-ending-child-marriage|archivedate=2019-10-21|accessdate=2019-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nairobimuslimacademy.sc.ke/about-us/management-and-staff|title=School website|accessdate=2016-12-08|archivedate=2019-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724084209/http://www.nairobimuslimacademy.sc.ke/about-us/management-and-staff}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, a họpụtara Saman ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=2024|title=Fatuma Ali Saman – CSCR Center|url=https://cscrcenter.org/team_mf/fatuma-ali-saman/|accessdate=2024-08-26|work=cscrcenter.org|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.undp.org/content/dam/kenya/docs/Government%20Reports/Interim_Report_of_the_Task_Force_on_Devolved_Government.pdf|title=Draft Interim Report on Devolved Government in Kenya|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308105325/https://www1.undp.org/content/dam/kenya/docs/Government%20Reports/Interim_Report_of_the_Task_Force_on_Devolved_Government.pdf|archivedate=2022-03-08|accessdate=2019-10-21}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ nkuzi n'afọ 2012, mgbe a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu IPOA n'oge ọchịchị Kenya Coalition. == Ịlụ ọgụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị == Saman abụwo onye na-agba mbọ maka ikike na nnọchite anya ụmụ nwanyị na Kenya. Ọ rịọrọ ka ụmụ nwanyị nọrọ n'ọkwá ndị isi ọha na eze na nke onwe ha na itinye ha n'òtù na bọọdụ dị iche iche na-eme mkpebi. Enyemaka ya na-aga n'ihu ruo n'ókè nke iwu nke ikike na isi nke nnyefe na-emetụta na iwu. Mmalite nke iwu Kenya ọhụrụ (nke a makwaara dị ka Bomas draft), nke emere na 2010, gụnyere akụkụ abụọ dị mkpa ebe Saman rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu kọmitii teknụzụ na akwụkwọ ikike. Saman kwadoro ka e mepụta ọkwa nke ndị nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị 47 na ndị omeiwu Kenya. Ọ bụ onye ndú nke ndebanye aha ụmụ agbọghọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Northern Kenya ma lụso igbu ọkpụkpụ ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ. Saman nọchitere anya Kenya na mmemme nduzi mba ụwa nke ndị nleta na US n'afọ 2005. == Ọrụ obodo == Saman ejirila afọ ofufo jeere ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche dabere na obodo na okwukwe ozi site na ọrụ ndụmọdụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na kọmitii nduzi nke kansụl okpukpe nke Kenya (IRCK) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://interreligiouscouncil.or.ke/board%20members.html|title=IRCK {{!}} Board Members of IRCK|work=interreligiouscouncil.or.ke|accessdate=2016-12-08|archivedate=2016-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310162418/http://interreligiouscouncil.or.ke/board%20members.html}}</ref> ruo afọ iri. Ọrụ nkuzi ya sitere na ụkọ ndị nkuzi nke na-emetụta ogo na ụkpụrụ agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ kụziri ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche ma nyere aka mee ka ụmụ agbọghọ na-enweghị nne na nna banye na agụmakwụkwọ. Kemgbe afọ 1995, ụlọ ọrụ ebere nke ndị Alakụba nke Nairobi Waqf, otu ọrụ ebere nke ya na ya guzobere, anọwo na-enye ndị ogbenye, ndị di ha nwụrụ na ndị gbara alụkwaghịm ike site na ogige Nairobi site na ọzụzụ na inye ohere ọrụ. == Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na mgbanwe == Fatuma Ali Saman has played a significant role in fighting for freedom and equality in Kenya{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}}. One of her biggest achievements includes bringing change to the Kenya police which has been accused of human rights violations in the past.<ref>{{Cite web|title=As it happened: Record-breaking number of women added to Wikipedia|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-38243211|work=BBC News|language=en-gb|accessdate=2020-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/06/04/kenya-police-threaten-activists-reporting-abuse|title=Human Rights Watch Report|author=|first=|date=4 June 2018|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> As a board member of the Independent Policing and Oversight Authority, where she chairs the Inspections, Research and Monitoring committee, she has developed recommendations to improve the service{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}}. == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Saman, Fatuma Ali}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o2eois9s09fajlql48i1w3809uzjlvw 0 59538 705598 696394 2026-08-24T16:56:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ineza Umuhoza Grace''' (amụrụ 1996) bụ onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, onye na-akwado ihu igwe na onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi si Kigali, Rwanda. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Green Protector, onye na-ahazi Njikọ Ndị Ntorobịa nke ọnwụ na mmebi na onye enyemaka nyocha maka ọrụ CCLAD. Ọ bụ onye mmeri nke Global Citizen Prize na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Citizen Prize|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/prize/|work=Global Citizen|language=en}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ma zụlite Grace na Kigali, Rwanda. Oké ifufe rikpuru n'ụlọ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 5, CNET kọrọ banyere ya dị ka onye nwere ahụmahụ nke mfu na mmebi; ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha dị ka idei mmiri na-aghọ ihe na-emekarị na Rwanda. Grace wepụtara ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali—nke enyemaka sitere n’aka National Geographic Society—iji kụziere ndị na-eto eto ihe banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe. Grace gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ na Water & Environmental Engineering na 2018 na Mahadum Rwanda. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ mụtara diplomacy mgbanwe ihu igwe na United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) na Business Management na African Women Enterprise Cooperation..<ref>{{Cite web|title=African Women Entrepreneurship Cooperation|url=https://www.weareawec.org/|work=African Women Entrepreneurship Cooperation}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Explorer Directory: Ineza Umuhoza Grace|url=https://explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org/ineza-umuhoza-grace|accessdate=2023-04-17|work=explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org|archivedate=2023-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417203318/https://explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org/ineza-umuhoza-grace}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Grace malitere inwe mmasị na ọrụ nnọpụiche ala, dị ka nchekwa nke Congo Basin, n'oge ya na Youth Delegation na United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), na dị ka onye MILEAD (Moremi Initiative Leadership Empowerment and Development) fellow, na 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moremi Initiative|url=https://moremiinitiative.org/|work=Moremi Initiative}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Mbabazi|first=Joan|title=One environmentalist's drive to get youth to be climate actors|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6216/news/environment/one-environmentalists-drive-to-get-youth-to-be-climate-actors|work=The New Times|date=29 March 2023|accessdate=17 August 2023|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bịara chọta The Green Fighter n'afọ ahụ, nke e mechara kpọwa The Green Protector, site n'ịghọta mkpa ndị ntorobịa dị. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The Green Protector|url=https://www.thegreenprotector.org/|work=The Green Protector}}</ref> Na mbụ, The Green Protector bu n'obi ikpokọta ndị ntorobịa nọ na ngalaba nchekwa gburugburu iji mepụta gburugburu ebe nchekwa ka mma n'ime obodo. Ebumnuche nke otu a ka dị otu, mana ugbu a n'ọkwa zuru ụwa ọnụ. The Green Protector na-akwalite mmepụta nke ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet nke ntorobịa, nsonye mmadụ, echiche ọhụrụ, omume ihu igwe na agụmakwụkwọ gburugburu ebe obibi, ugbu a na-etinye aka na ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum 25 dị iche iche. O kwere ka Grace soro ndị na-eto eto 3500 na-arụ ọrụ, na mgbakwunye na ịhazi ụbọchị nhicha iji kpochaa plastik na mpaghara obodo na ịkwado mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ si Mahadum Rwanda na Mahadum South-West na China banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Mbabazi|first=Joan|date=2023-03-29|title=One environmentalist's drive to get youth to be climate actors|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6216/news/environment/one-environmentalists-drive-to-get-youth-to-be-climate-actors|accessdate=2023-04-18|work=The New Times|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, Grace bụ onye na-ekwu maka mgbanwe ihu igwe maka ndị nnọchi anya Rwanda na United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ndị ntorobịa iji nye gọọmentị echiche ndị ntorobịa banyere okwu ndị dị mkpa, dị ka mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ineza Umuhoza Grace: Curriculum Vitae|url=http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/team/ineza-grace/|accessdate=2023-04-17|work=CCLAD|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417203318/http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/team/ineza-grace/}}</ref> Ahụmahụ Ineza nwere n'oge gara aga site na UNITAR nyeere ya aka n'ọnọdụ a.<ref name=":1"/> N'afọ 2019, ọ ghọrọ Young African Leadership Initiative maka Cohort 35, ebe a zụrụ ya otu esi abụ onye ndu na-agbanwe agbanwe n'Africa wee ghọọ Global Shaper maka Kigali Hub.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Shapers- Kigali Hub|url=https://www.globalshapers.org/hubs/kigali-hub|work=Global Shapers- Kigali Hub}}</ref> Ọrụ a nyere ya ohere ijikọ ya na ndị isi na Kigali iji metụta ụkpụrụ gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ, ahụike, na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 2020, Grace ghọrọ onye na-enweta onyinye JWH <ref name=":0" /> - o jiri onyinye ahụ sonye na ọzụzụ na Global Green Growth Institute, ebe o nyere aka mejuputa ọrụ mgbe ọ na-akwado ndị ntorobịa na-arụ ọrụ dịka iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na mgbanwe ihu igwe nke Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JWH Initiative- Ineza Grace|url=https://www.jwhinitiative.org/participants/ineza-grace/|work=JWH Initiative|accessdate=2025-03-23|archivedate=2023-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606130122/http://www.jwhinitiative.org/participants/ineza-grace/}}</ref> Na 2020, Grace bụ akụkụ nke otu bidoro Njikọ Ndị Ntorobịa na-efunahụ na mmebi, njikọ nke ihe karịrị ndị ntorobịa 600 sitere na mba 60 dị iche iche. Ebumnuche ha bụ ịza ndị isi ụwa ajụjụ ọnụ ma gbaa ha ume ka ha mee ihe n'ịgbasa mbibi na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi. The Green Protector bụ akụkụ nke ntọala ntọala nke mmekorita. 2022 wetara Grace na nzuko zuru ụwa ọnụ nke COP27 maka mgbanwe ihu igwe, ebe o nyere aka weta ọchịchọ sitere n'aka ọtụtụ ndị ntorobịa maka ego iji kpuchie mfu na mmebi. Mgbasa ozi ahụ gara nke ọma, dịka ndị isi ụwa kwenyere itinye aka na iwepụ mmetụta nke mfu na mmebi na mba ndị kachasị emerụ ahụ..<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-08 |title=This ecofeminist inspires young people to take action |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/impact/article/ineza-umuhoza-grace-advocate-educator-climate-change |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311145305/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/impact/article/ineza-umuhoza-grace-advocate-educator-climate-change |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Impact |language=en}}</ref></ref> Grace na-agbaso ọrụ ya maka ọrụ CCLAD (Politics of Climate Change Loss and Damage), <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Climate Change Loss and Damage|url=http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/|work=Climate Change Loss and Damage|accessdate=2025-03-23|archivedate=2024-04-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421142816/https://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/}}</ref> na-eme ka a mara banyere otu omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nke mba na-emetụta usoro iwu, mbugharị na asọmpi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/about/|accessdate=2023-04-23|work=CCLAD|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422164006/http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/about/}}</ref> Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-emegide Mgbanwe ihu igwe na maka eco-feminism site na ọrụ ya na The Green Protector na ozi na Twitter. <ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Twitter- Ineza Grace|url=https://twitter.com/inezagrrace?lang=en|work=Twitter- Ineza Grace}}</ref> == Onyinye == Grace enwetala ụfọdụ onyinye maka mbọ ọ na-agba na gburugburu ebe obibi., ọrụ ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe dị. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Aha Onyinye !Afọ !Nhazi !Ihe kpatara ya |- |Dragon's Den: Mgbanwe nke dabeere na obodo |2020 |IIED<ref name=":0"/> |Echiche azụmahịa ya iji gbanwee ọrụ mgbanwe ihu igwe ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ a na-etinye ego.<ref name=":8">{{Citation |title=CBA14 Dragons Den: Ineza Grace |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNqh0ANabuU |access-date=2023-04-17 |language=en}}</ref> |- |Onye Nnyocha Na-eto Eto |2020 |National Geographic <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"/> |Onyinye nke nzukọ ya, The Green Protector, tinyere ọrụ ya maka Loss and Damage Youth Coalition, [[Ọgbakọ Otú United Nations Fremewok maka Ngbanwe Iru igwe|UNFCCC]] na Cohort 35. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Loss and Damage Youth Coalition|url=https://ldyouth.org/|work=Loss and Damage Youth Coalition}}</ref> |- |100 Ndị Nchebe Ukwu nke Africa |2021 |100 Ndị isi nchedo Afrịka <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Grace Umuhoza Ineza|url=https://www.top100youth.africa/top-100/grace-umuhoza-ineza|accessdate=2023-04-17|work=Young African Conservation Leaders|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417203318/https://www.top100youth.africa/top-100/grace-umuhoza-ineza}}</ref> |Ọrụ ya na nzukọ ya, The Green Protector, na ihe niile o nwere ike ime.<ref name=":2" /> Ọ na-abịaru gburugburu ebe obibi, nchedo na Mgbanwe ihu igwe nso na map ụzọ pụrụ iche nke na-enyere ndị ntorobịa aka ịkwadebe onwe ha ịbụ ndị na-eme mgbanwe na obodo ha. <ref name=":9" /> |- |Ihe nrite Global Citizen |2023 |Onye nwe ụwa <ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Global Citizen Prize Winner Ineza|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/action/congratulate-global-citizen-prize-winner-ineza/|work=Global Citizen}}</ref> |Ọrụ ya na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ọgụ maka ikpe ziri ezi nke ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na idu ndú ya dị mkpa maka mfu na mmebi ihu igwe.<ref name=":10" /> |} == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mdrxuspq1y594aq5isfmr33q87es04d 0 67244 705609 674554 2026-08-25T01:45:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705609 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Joshua Amponsem at Sustainable Development Impact Summit 2021.png|thumb|200x200px|Joshua Amponsem ]]   '''Joshua Amponsem''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1991) bụ onye na-akwado [[Lhu igwe|ihu igwe]] na Ghana na onye guzobere Green Africa Youth Organization (GAYO).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Suzuki|first=Mayumi|date=2021-07-28|title=In Ghana, two young men are shaping climate justice for the Global South|url=https://news.globallandscapesforum.org/53751/in-ghana-two-young-men-are-changing-what-climate-justice-looks-like-in-the-global-south/|accessdate=2023-04-29|work=Landscape News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshua Amponsem Climate Lead|url=https://www.bloomberg.org/united-nations-climate-action-race-to-zero-and-resilience-forum/joshua-amponsem/|work=[[Bloomberg Philanthropies]]|accessdate=3 November 2022|archivedate=23 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023104750/https://www.bloomberg.org/united-nations-climate-action-race-to-zero-and-resilience-forum/joshua-amponsem/}}</ref>Ọ bụ ya bụ ọkachamara na ihu igwe na ụlọ ọrụ nke odeakwụkwọ ozi netnen na ndị ntorobịa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 March 2021|title=Climate and Health: Empowering Women and Youth to Drive Climate Solutions|url=https://ahaic.org/2021/speaker/joshua-amponsem/|work=AHAIC|accessdate=11 November 2025|archivedate=1 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201182909/https://ahaic.org/2021/speaker/joshua-amponsem/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Adapt for our Future|url=https://gca.org/reports/adapt-for-our-future-youth-and-climate-change-adaptation/|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=Global Center on Adaptation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=August 12, 2020|title=International Youth Day: engaging youth for climate action|url=https://ehs.unu.edu/news/news/international-youth-day-engaging-youth-for-climate-action.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925105325/https://ehs.unu.edu/news/news/international-youth-day-engaging-youth-for-climate-action.html|archivedate=25 September 2020|work=UNU-EHS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Sato|first=Mayumi|date=29 July 2021|title=In Ghana, two young men are changing what climate justice looks like in the Global South|work=Landscape News|url=https://news.globallandscapesforum.org/53751/in-ghana-two-young-men-are-changing-what-climate-justice-looks-like-in-the-global-south/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Climate activist Joshua Amponsem urges world leaders to prioritize climate adaptation|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Climate-activist-Joshua-Amponsem-urges-world-leaders-to-prioritize-climate-adaptation-1164577|work=GhanaWeb}}</ref> Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya na [[Climate action|Omume ihu igwe]], [[Akụ na ụba okirikiri|akụ na ụba gburugburu]] na Mgbanwe ihu igwe. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Erdiaw-Kwasie|first=Michael Odei|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CUPSEAAAQBAJ&dq=joshua+amponsem&pg=PA641|title=Circular Economy Strategies and the UN Sustainable Development Goals|date=2023-08-21|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-981-99-3083-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 January 2021|title=Youth4ClimateLive Episode 8: Driving Adaptation and Resilience|url=https://www.unep.org/events/online-event/youth4climatelive-episode-8-driving-adaptation-and-resilience|work=UNEP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshua Amponsem|url=https://www.bloomberg.org/united-nations-climate-action-race-to-zero-and-resilience-forum/joshua-amponsem/|accessdate=2023-01-20|work=Bloomberg Philanthropies|language=en-US|archivedate=23 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023104750/https://www.bloomberg.org/united-nations-climate-action-race-to-zero-and-resilience-forum/joshua-amponsem/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ecology versus economy in Ghana – DW – 07/27/2017|url=https://www.dw.com/en/ecology-versus-economy-in-ghana/a-39853669|accessdate=2023-04-29|work=dw.com|language=en}}</ref> O nyela aka na mbipụta sayensị gbasara njikwa ihe mkpofu, resilience na akwụkwọ na-adịbeghị anya gbasara Global Warming na James Hansen.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=James E.|author=Hansen|date=2025-01-02|title=Global Warming Has Accelerated: Are the United Nations and the Public Well-Informed?|journal=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development|volume=67|issue=1|pages=6–44|doi=10.1080/00139157.2025.2434494|issn=0013-9157}}</ref> A maara ya maka Okwu TED ya banyere enweghị nhata nke ọrụ ihu igwe na otu esi edozi ya. == Nkwado ihu igwe == Amponsem malitere nkwado ihu igwe na 2014 dị ka nwa akwụkwọ Bachelor na [[University of cape coast|Mahadum nke Cape Coast]] ebe mbụ ọ mụtara banyere Mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNFCCC - COP26|url=https://unfccc-cop26.streamworld.de/webcast/futures-lab-just-climate-action-the-great-recovery|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=unfccc-cop26.streamworld.de|archivedate=11 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211030930/https://unfccc-cop26.streamworld.de/webcast/futures-lab-just-climate-action-the-great-recovery}}</ref> Amponsem sonyeere [[Ghana Youth Environmental Movement]] iji kwado maka ike ọhụrụ na Accra.<ref>{{Cite web|author=eribake|first=akintayo|date=2015-12-14|title=Climate: Ghanaian activists demand an end to coal|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/12/climate-ghanaian-activists-demand-an-end-to-coal-2/|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=UNEP|first=Samsung Engineering and|title=Earth Day in Ghana - No Coal Our Goal. - Ambassador report - Our Actions - Tunza Eco Generation|url=https://tunza.eco-generation.org/ambassadorReportView.jsp?viewID=37942|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=tunza.eco-generation.org|language=en}}</ref>Ọ hiwere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ Africa dị ka onye na-amụ ihe iji nye ngwọta ihu igwe. Ihe kpaliri ya bụ "ntụgharị mkparịta ụka na klaasị ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta maka obodo".<ref name=":0" /> Amponsem so dee akwụkwọ, The Power of the Feminine: Facing Shadow Evoking Light . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gender Equality and Mitigating Climate Change|url=https://www.voicesofyouth.org/blog/gender-equality-and-mitigating-climate-change|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=Voices of Youth|language=en|archivedate=2022-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211030930/https://www.voicesofyouth.org/blog/gender-equality-and-mitigating-climate-change}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, ọ gara nzukọ Kọmitii Nkwekọrịta [[Ọgbakọ Otú United Nations Fremewok maka Ngbanwe Iru igwe|UNFCCC]] wee malite ịkwado ego ihu igwe maka obodo ndị dị n'ihu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Asamoah-Gyadu|first=Griselda|date=2022-04-26|title=Joshua Amponsem: Championing Climate Action from Cape Coast to COP26|url=https://medium.com/ecothusiasm/joshua-amponsem-championing-climate-action-from-cape-coast-to-cop26-50ca2027d775|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=Ecothusiasm|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Virtual workshop: Youth engagement to enhance adaptation action|url=http://tep-a.org/technical-expert-meetings-on-adaptation/technical-expert-meeting-on-adaptation-2020/virtual-workshop-youth-engagement-to-enhance-adaptation-action/|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=UNFCCC TEP-A|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007214155/http://tep-a.org/technical-expert-meetings-on-adaptation/technical-expert-meeting-on-adaptation-2020/virtual-workshop-youth-engagement-to-enhance-adaptation-action/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Derler|first=Zak|date=2022-02-09|title=How African youth are helping to define climate adaptation|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2022/02/09/african-youth-helping-define-climate-adaptation/|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=Climate Home News|language=en|archivedate=2022-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209123535/https://www.climatechangenews.com/2022/02/09/african-youth-helping-define-climate-adaptation/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=UN Climate Change on TikTok|url=https://www.tiktok.com/@unclimatechange/video/7029359789217975558|accessdate=2022-12-11|work=TikTok|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e mere == Ọ bụ onye na-eme mgbanwe na Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) kemgbe afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 September 2020|title=Global Center for Adaptation (GCA): high-level speakers call for a strong and efficient partnership for the adaptation of the African continent in the face of climate change|url=https://www.alwihdainfo.com/Centre-mondial-pour-l-adaptation-GCA-des-intervenants-de-haut-niveau-reclament-un-partenariat-fort-et-efficient-pour-l_a93888.html|work=Alwihda Info}}</ref> Ọ bụ olu maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na òtù ndị ntorobịa ihu igwe nke mba ụwa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=25 September 2021|title=Ghana launches Youth Climate Council|work=Africa Climate Reports|url=https://africaclimatereports.org/2021/09/ghana-launches-youth-climate-council/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=27 July 2017|title=Ecology versus economy in Ghana|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|url=https://www.dw.com/en/ecology-versus-economy-in-ghana/a-39853669}}</ref> Ọ na-aga ihe omume UN dị mkpa dị ka ọkà okwu iji kwurịta mkpa ndị ntorobịa sonyere na omume ihu igwe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=UN Climate Change Conference – December 2019|url=https://unfccc.int/conference/un-climate-change-conference-december-2019|work=UNFCCC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Youth, community and green jobs in the developing world|url=https://snv.org/update/youth-community-and-green-jobs-developing-world|work=SNV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=14 July 2020|title=Virtual workshop: Youth engagement to enhance adaptation action|url=http://tep-a.org/technical-expert-meetings-on-adaptation/technical-expert-meeting-on-adaptation-2020/virtual-workshop-youth-engagement-to-enhance-adaptation-action/|work=UNFCCC TEP-A|accessdate=11 November 2025|archivedate=3 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403221533/http://tep-a.org/technical-expert-meetings-on-adaptation/technical-expert-meeting-on-adaptation-2020/virtual-workshop-youth-engagement-to-enhance-adaptation-action/}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ọkàikpe nke Afri-Plastics Challenge initiative ebe ọ kpọrọ oku maka itinye ego na njikwa ihe mkpofu iji dozie mmetọ plastik.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bellefeuille|first=Lauren|date=22 September 2021|title=Afri-Plastics Challenge: Meet Our Judges|url=https://afri-plastics.challenges.org/blog/afri-plastics-challenge-meet-our-judges/|work=Afri-Plastics Challenge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Cheam|first=Jessica|date=1 June 2022|title=The Global Plastics Treaty: We need speed, standards, scale and teeth|url=https://www.eco-business.com/opinion/the-global-plastics-treaty-we-need-speed-standards-scale-and-teeth/|work=Eco-Business.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Waruru|first=Maina|date=1 March 2022|title=UNEA 5.2: UN assembly to come up with an agreement on plastic pollution|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/waste/unea-5-2-un-assembly-to-come-up-with-an-agreement-on-plastic-pollution-81747|work=[[Down to Earth (magazine)|Down to Earth]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 March 2022|title=Africa's rural communities will be hardest hit by plastic pollution|url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/africas-rural-communities-will-be-hardest-hit-by-plastic-pollution/|work=EnviroNews Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=13 January 2017|title=Should Ghana ban plastic?|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|url=https://www.dw.com/en/should-ghana-ban-plastic/a-37122891}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://greenafricayouth.com/ Green Africa Youth Organization (GAYO)] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] di0v9bouzagti1tib06lw1s8r386xqo 0 73382 705611 623384 2026-08-25T02:20:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jummai Peter''' (amụrụ na Septemba 4, 1996, na Yola) bụ onye egwuregwu volleyball nke Naịjirịa nke na-agba egwu dịka Libero maka otu egwuregwu volleyball ụmụ nwanyị nke Spikers nke ndị isi agha mmiri (CNS) na otu egwuregwu volleyball ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Player - Jummai Bitrus - FIVB Continental Olympic Qualification 2020|url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/en/volleyball/coqt/2020/cavb-women/teams/ngr-nigeria/players/jummai_bitrus?id=80609|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=en.volleyballworld.com}}</ref> == Ihe Omume Jummai Peter == O kwere nkwa iji usoro ihe omume a mee ihe iji kwalite ọtụtụ narị ndị egwuregwu volleyball na North East nke Naịjirịa ebe ọ bụ na mmadụ na-enyekwa ya aka imezu nrọ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-02-05|title=Former refugee Bitrus eager to develop volleyball stars from IDP camps - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/former-refugee-bitrus-eager-to-develop-volleyball-stars-from-idp-camps/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-04|title=Jummai Bitrus Giving Back To The Society Via Volleyball - PAI News Media|work=PAI News Media - Breaking Stories &#124; Latest News|url=https://paimedia.com.ng/jummai-bitrus-giving-back-to-the-society-via-volleyball/|accessdate=2024-05-07|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-05-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529085100/https://paimedia.com.ng/jummai-bitrus-giving-back-to-the-society-via-volleyball/}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Jummai Bitrus kwuru na ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ na-agba bọọlụ tupu ya amalite ịgba bọọlụ volleyball maka Adamawa Queens of Yola. Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ maka otu Nigerian Immigration Service (NIS) tupu ọ sonye na Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corp (NSCDC) na 2018. Ọ bụ onye egwuregwu Libero kacha mma na mba ahụ na 2019 Nigeria Volleyball Premier League. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kuti|first=Dare|date=2020-06-13|title=Jummai Bitrus: From Ball Girl to Nigeria Best Volleyball Libero|url=https://aclsports.com/jummai-bitrus-from-ball-girl-to-nigeria-best-volleyball-libero/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya aha ọzọ dị ka onye egwuregwu Libero kachasị mma na mba ahụ na 2022 Nigeria Volleyball Premier League na [[Akure]]. Peter sonyeere Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) Spikers ụmụ nwanyị volleyball otu maka 2023 Nigeria Volleyball Premier League. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kuti|first=Dare|date=2023-07-08|title=Volleyball: Libero Jummai Bitrus joins CNS Spikers|url=https://aclsports.com/volleyball-libero-jummai-bitrus-joins-cns-spikers/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa === Peter so na ndị egwuregwu volleyball nọchitere anya [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] n'oge egwuregwu Afrịka nke 2019 na Rabat, [[Morocco]]. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Saliu|first=Mohammed|date=2019-08-15|title=Nigeria Volleyball Federation release list of players for 2019 African Games|url=https://www.brila.net/nigeria-volleyball-federation-release-list-of-players-for-2019-african-games/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506233226/https://www.brila.net/nigeria-volleyball-federation-release-list-of-players-for-2019-african-games/}}</ref> Jummai Peter so n'otu ụmụ nwanyị iri na itoolu nke Naijiria na-egwu egwuregwu volleyball nke Tokyo 2020 Olympic qualifiers na [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] nke na-ewere ọnọdụ site na Jenụwarị 2 ruo Jenụwarụwarị 9.<ref>{{Cite web|author=III|first=Admin|date=2020-01-01|title=Volleyball Olympic Qualifiers: We want to make history – Coach Ajayi|url=https://blueprint.ng/volleyball-olympic-qualifiers-we-want-to-make-history-coach-ajayi/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Oluwalowo|first=’Tosin|date=2020-01-01|title=Volleyball: 12 players invited for Olympics qualifiers|url=https://punchng.com/volleyball-12-players-invited-for-olympics-qualifiers/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kuti|first=Dare|date=2020-01-01|title=Samuel Ajayi: We want to make Olympic history|url=https://aclsports.com/samuel-ajayi-we-want-to-make-olympic-history/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu volleyball iri na itoolu Samuel Ajayi kpọrọ aha ịnọchite anya Naijiria maka asọmpi Volleyball ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka nke iri abụọ na otu nke na-ewere ọnọdụ site na 14 Ọgọstụ ruo 29 Ọgọustụ 2023 na Yaounde, [[Kameroon|Cameroon]]. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Adegboyega|first=Bayo|date=2023-08-05|title=NVBF invites 19 players for 2023 Continental Championship {{!}} Ogun State Broadcasting Corporation|url=https://ogunradio.ng/2023/08/05/nvbf-invites-19-players-for-2023-continental-championship/|accessdate=2024-05-07|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kuti|first=Dare|date=2023-08-13|title=Volleyball: Ajayi unveils squad for 2023 African Women's C'ship|url=https://aclsports.com/volleyball-ajayi-unveils-squad-for-2023-african-womens-cship/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=2023-08-06|title=NVBF invites 19 players for 2023 Nations Championship|url=https://gazettengr.com/nvbf-invites-19-players-for-2023-nations-championship/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=Peoples Gazette Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu volleyball na-egwu 2024 African Games Qualifiers nke a haziri site na 4 Jenụwarị ruo 8 Jenụwarụ na National Stadium na Lagos. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/nigeria-sports-news/656086-volleyball-12-players-listed-to-represent-nigeria-in-2024-african-games-qualifiers.html|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-01-04|title=12-woman squad named for volleyball 2024 African Games qualifiers - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/12-woman-squad-named-for-volleyball-2024-african-games-qualifiers/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ochicha|first=Lovette|date=2024-01-03|title=Samuel Ajayi Unveils Dynamic Squad For Nigeria Women's Volleyball Team In 2024 African Games Qualifiers|url=https://www.sports247.ng/samuel-ajayi-unveils-dynamic-squad-for-nigeria-womens-volleyball-team-in-2024-african-games-qualifiers/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=Sports247 Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu volleyball na-anọchite anya Naijiria n'oge 13th African Games na [[Ghana]] nke na-ewere ọnọdụ site na 8 Machị ruo 23 Machị 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-17|title=Twenty-One Female Volleyball Players Resume Nigeria Camp Ahead Of 13th African Games - Royal Times of Nigeria.|url=https://royaltimes.net/twenty-one-female-volleyball-players-resume-nigeria-camp-ahead-of-13th-african-games/|accessdate=2024-05-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ochicha|first=Lovette|date=2024-01-20|title=#13th African Games: Nigerian Women's Volleyball Team Announces 25-Player Squad for 13th African Games|url=https://www.sports247.ng/13th-african-games-nigerian-womens-volleyball-team-announces-25-player-squad-for-13th-african-games/|accessdate=2024-05-07|work=Sports247 Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] k37xc3cyacq9lzh4k8f6j62vi58ef0m 0 74404 705617 620779 2026-08-25T10:11:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marla Ann Maples''' (amụrụ na Ọktoba 27, 1963) bụ onye Amerịka na-abụ abụ, onye na-egosi ihe onyonyo, onye nlereanya, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-egosi ihe ngosi. Ọ bụ nwunye nke abụọ nke [[Donald Trump]], [[President of the United States|onyeisiala nke iri anọ na ise na nke iri anọ na asaa nke mba Amerịka]]. Ha lụrụ ọnwa abụọ ka a mụsịrị nwa ha nwanyị, Tiffany, n'afọ 1993. Donald na Marla kewara n'afọ 1997 wee gbaa alụkwaghịm n'afọ 1999. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/21/nyregion/vows-it-s-a-wedding-blitz-for-trump-and-maples.html|title=It's a Wedding Blitz for Trump and Maples|date=December 21, 1993|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ==Akụkọ ndụ ya== A mụrụ Maples na Ọktoba 27, 1963, na [[Georgia]]. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị wee debanye aha na {{ill|University of Georgia|en}} ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1981.<ref name = heart>{{Cite magazine| url= https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/share/e595e9f3-3e20-4a56-b14e-6d38641d6e7b| title=The Heart of the Deal|last=Orth|first=Maureen|author-link=Maureen Orth|date=November 1990|magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US|access-date=June 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smokykin.com/tng/getperson.php?personID=I179444&tree=Smokykin|title=Marla Ann Maples b. 27 Oct 1963 Georgia|work=Smoky Mountain Ancestral Quest|editor=David L. Beckwith|access-date=December 1, 2016|accessdate=24 March 2026|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140317/https://www.smokykin.com/tng/getperson.php?personID=I179444&tree=Smokykin}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1-NCx2Ff3c| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211114/B1-NCx2Ff3c| archive-date=2021-11-14 | url-status=live| title= Marla Maples and Donald Trump visit Dalton as she is honored at the Northwest Whitfield homecoming football game <!--that's original title; youtubetitle=1991 Donald Trump-->|date=October 21, 1991|work=[[:en:WDEF-TV|WDEF News 12]]|access-date=July 26, 2017 |location=Chattanooga, Tennessee|publication-date=February 2, 2016|type=video|orig-date=October 21, 1991}}</ref> Ọ pụtara n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ma bụrụkwa onye ngosi ihe onyonyo.<ref>{{cite news| title= Maples in Spotlight on Opening Night| url= https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/04/nyregion/maples-in-spotlight-on-opening-night.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 4, 1992|issn=0362-4331|first=Alessandra|last=Stanley}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://people.com/tv/alfonso-ribeiro-donald-trump-fresh-prince-bel-air/| title=Alfonso Ribeiro Looks Back on Donald Trump's Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Appearance| last= Quinn| first= Dave| date=October 6, 2016| website= People.com|access-date=June 5, 2017}}</ref> Mmekọrịta Maples na Donald Trump malitere mgbe ọ lụrụ nwunye mbụ ya, [[Ivana Trump|Ivana]], onye Trump gbara alụkwaghịm na 1990.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/12/nyregion/trumps-get-divorce-next-who-gets-what.html|title=Trumps Get Divorce; Next, Who Gets What?|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 12, 1990|access-date=March 5, 2023}}</ref> Maples zutere ya na 1984 wee nwee mmekọrịta ọha na eze.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/marla-maples-says-her-daughter-with-trump-just-had-first-job-interview.amp|title= Marla Maples says her daughter with Trump just had 'first job interview'|date=April 5, 2016|access-date=April 8, 2023|work=[[Fox News]]}}</ref>Maples na Trump nwere otu nwa, nwa nwanyị Tiffany Trump, mụrụ na October 13, 1993. Di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ na December 20, 1993 mgbe amuchara nwa ha nwanyị.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/06/marla-maple-prenup-donald-trump-marriage|title='Marla Was under Duress': Secrets of the Trump-Maples Prenup|last=Sherman|first=Gabriel|author-link=Gabriel Sherman|website=The Hive|date=June 4, 2019 |language=en|access-date=June 5, 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 1996, Trump chụrụ onye nche ya, ọnwa anọ ka onye uwe ojii chọtara Maples na onye nche ọnụ n'okpuru onye nchekwa ndụ n'akụkụ osimiri n'elekere anọ nke ụtụtụ Maples na Trump gọnarịrị na ya na-enwe mmekọ.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.insideedition.com/headlines/16130-trump-bodyguard-once-accused-of-having-affair-with-marla-maples-never-got-over-the-scandal|title=Trump Bodyguard Once Accused of Having Affair With Marla Maples Never Got Over The Scandal, Ex-Wife Says|work=Inside Edition|access-date=January 21, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Mana Maples na Trump kewapụrụ na Mee 1997 wee gbaa alụkwaghịm na June 8, 1999.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Tell-All Book on Trump Won't Be Telling at All|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/24/nyregion/following-up.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 24, 2002|issn=0362-4331|first=Joseph P.|last=Fried}}</ref> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} cu2xryakn7efi1d1svy7q1g9ncd21l6 3 75545 705603 704975 2026-08-24T20:45:51Z MediaWiki message delivery 4554 /* Tech News: 2026-35 */ nkeji ohúrù 705603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=Ginikanwachimamkpa|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 00:02, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)}} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:49, 27 Julaị 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:46, 3 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting "{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}" in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 10 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC. '''Updates for editors''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:04, 17 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 24 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> 3pq6r254ri7zx78ghz60f39xyszuhno 0 76406 705596 696739 2026-08-24T15:00:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Onye French na-abụ abụ (1944–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Françoise Hardy | image = Francoise hardy february 1966.jpg | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = Hardy na 1966 | birth_name = Françoise Madeleine Hardy | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1944|1|17}} | birth_place = [[Paris]], France | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2024|6|11|1944|1|17}} | death_place = Paris, France | occupation = {{hlist|Singer-songwriter|astrologer|writer|actress}} | years_active = 1962–2021 | spouse = {{marriage|[[Jacques Dutronc]]|30 March 1981|1988|end={{abbr|sep.|separated}}}} | children = [[Thomas Dutronc]] | website = {{URL|francoise-hardy.com}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = {{hlist|[[French pop]]|[[yé-yé]]|[[chanson]]}} | instrument = {{hlist|Vocals|guitar}} | label = {{hlist|[[Disques Vogue]]|[[Sonopresse]]|[[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]|[[Pathé-Marconi]]|Flarenasch|[[EMI Records|EMI]]|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]|[[Parlophone]]}} }} | signature = Françoise Hardy signature.svg | signature_alt = }} '''Françoise Madeleine Hardy'''; (17 Jenụwarị 1944 – 11 Juun 2024) bụ onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye edemede nke sị mba France. A maara ya maka ịbụ abụ ndị na-atọ ọchị ma na-akpali akpali. Hardy ghọrọ onye a ma ama na mbido afọ 1960 dịka onye isi na French ''[[yé-yé]]'' egwu wee bụrụ [[Akara ngosi pop|akara omenala]] na France na mba ụwa. E wezụga asụsụ French nke obodo ya, ọ na-abụkwa abụ n'asụsụ Bekee, Itali, na German. Ọrụ egwu ya ruru ihe karịrị afọ iri ise, e wepụtakwara ihe karịrị [[album studio]] iri atọ. Ọ nọchitekwara anya [[Monaco]] na [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963]]. A mụrụ ma zụlite ya na [[9th arrondissement of Paris]], Hardy mere egwu mbụ ya na 1962 na ụlọ ọrụ French [[Disques Vogue]] wee nweta ihe ịga nke ọma ozugbo site na egwu "''[[Tous les garçons et les filles]]''". Site n'ịhapụ mmetụta mbụ ya [[rock and roll]], ọ malitere idekọ ihe na London na 1964, nke nyere ya ohere ịgbasa ụda ya site na abọm dịka ''[[Mon amie la rose (album)|Mon amie la rose]]'', ''[[L'amitié]]'', ''[[La maison où j'ai grandi (album)|La maison où j'ai grandi]]'', na ''[[Ma jeunesse fout le camp...]].'' N'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1960 na mmalite afọ 1970, o wepụtara ''[[Comment te dire adieu (album)|Comment te dire adieu]]'', ''[[La question (album)|La question]]'', na ''[[Message personnel (album)|Message personnel]]''. N'oge a, ya na ndị na-ede egwu dịka [[Serge Gainsbourg]], [[Tuca (musician)|Tuca]], [[Patrick Modiano]], [[Michel Berger]], na [[Catherine Lara]] rụrụ ọrụ. N'agbata afọ 1977 na 1988, ya na onye mmepụta [[Gabriel Yared]] rụkọrọ ọrụ na abọm ndị ''Star'', ''Musique saoûle'', ''Gin Tonic'', na ''À suivre''. Ndekọ ya nke afọ 1988 ''Décalages'' a kpọsara ya dị ka abọm ikpeazụ ya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ lọghachiri afọ asatọ ka e mesịrị na ''Le danger'', nke mere ka ụda ya dị ka nke siri ike [[alternative rock]]. Abọm ndị na-esochi ya nke afọ 2000 — ''[[Clair-obscur (album)|Clair-obscur]]'', ''Tant de belles choses'', na ''(Parenthèses...)'' — ahụla ka ọ laghachiri n'ụdị dị nro ya. N'afọ 2010, Hardy wepụtara abọm atọ ikpeazụ ya: ''[[La pluie sans parapluie]]'', ''[[L'Amour fou (album)|L'amour fou]]'', na ''[[Personne d'autre]]''. Na mgbakwunye na egwu, Hardy nwetara ọrụ ihe nkiri dịka [[onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-akwado]] na ''[[Nutty, Naughty Chateau|Château en Suède]]'', ''[[A Bullet Through the Heart|Une balle au cœur]]'', na mmepụta nke Amerịka ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]''. Ọ ghọrọ ihe ngosi maka ndị na-emepụta ejiji dịka [[André Courrèges]], [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]], na [[Paco Rabanne]], ma soro onye na-ese foto [[Jean-Marie Périer]] rụkọọ ọrụ. Hardy zụlitere ọrụ dịka [[Ịgụ kpakpando|onye na-agụ kpakpando]], ebe o dere ọtụtụ ihe gbasara isiokwu a site na afọ 1970 gaa n'ihu. Ọ bụkwa onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo na akwụkwọ akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo site na afọ 2000. Akụkọ ndụ ya, ''Le désespoir des singes...et autres bagatelles'' (''The Despair of Monkeys...and Other Trifles''), bụ nke kacha ree ahịa na Frans. Dịka onye ọha na eze, a maara Hardy maka ihere ya, enweghị mmasị na ndụ ndị ama ama, na àgwà iwe onwe onye, nke e kwuru na ọ bụ ya mere o ji na-alụ ọgụ ná ndụ ya niile na [[nchegbu]] na enweghị ntụkwasị obi. Ọ lụrụ onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ nke France [[Jacques Dutronc]] na 1981. Nwa ha nwoke, [[Thomas Dutronc|Thomas]], ghọkwara onye egwu. Hardy ka bụ otu n'ime ndị na-abụ abụ kacha ere ahịa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị France, a ka na-ahụkwa ya dị ka onye dị mkpa ma nwee mmetụta n'ihe gbasara [[egwu pop French]] na ejiji. Na 2006, e nyere ya onyinye ''[[Grande médaille de la chanson française]]'', onyinye nsọpụrụ nke e nyere site n'aka ndị [[Académie française]], iji gosi ọrụ ya n'egwu. Hardy nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa na Paris na June 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 80. ==Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ== [[File:Rue dAumale Paris.jpg|thumb|A zụlitere Hardy n'ụlọ dị obere n'akụkụ Rue d'Aumale, na Paris [[9th arrondissement of Paris|9th arrondissement]]]] A mụrụ Françoise Madeleine Hardy na Jenụwarị 17, 1944 na Marie-Louise Clinic dị na [[9th arrondissement of Paris|9th arrondissement]] nke Paris na [[ọchịchị ndị agha German na France weghaara n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ | France nke ndị Germany weghaara]] n'oge [[Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]].<ref name="HardyOne">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "One"</ref> A mụrụ ya n'oge [[Mgbọ ogbunigwe nke France n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ | mwakpo ikuku]], windo ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gbawara.<ref name="radio">{{cite news |date=8 October 2020 |title=Françoise Hardy, la mélancolie en chansons |trans-title=Françoise Hardy, melancholy in songs |url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/francoise-hardy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115625/https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/francoise-hardy |archive-date=11 May 2021 |access-date=10 May 2021 |newspaper=[[France Culture]] |language=French}}</ref> O kwuru na a mụrụ ya n'ọnọdụ ime ihe ike nke kpatara "àgwà ya nke nwere nchekasị" mgbe ọ bụ okenye.<ref name="radio"/> A mụrụ nwanne ya nwanyị nke nta, Michèle, ọnwa iri na asatọ ka e mesịrị<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance" /> na nne ha, Madeleine Hardy ({{circa}}1921–1991<ref name="HardyOne" />), onye si n'ezinụlọ nkịtị, zụlitere Françoise na Michèle dị ka [[nne ma ọ bụ nna naanị ya]].<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance">Quinonero, 2017, "«C'est ton enfance / Qui se promène à cloche-pied / Dans ta mémoire..."</ref> Nna ya, Étienne Dillard, bụ nwoke lụrụ nwunye, onye si n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya. O meghị ihe ọ bụla iji nyere ha aka n'ụzọ ego, ọ bụkwa onye na-anọghị ya n'oge a zụlitere ha,<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance"/><ref name="linternaute"/> naanị ileta ụmụaka ugboro ole na ole n'afọ.<ref name="rfi"/> Nne Hardy zụlitere ụmụ ya nwanyị n'ụlọ dị obere n'ime Rue d'Aumale nke dị n'ógbè nke itoolu.<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance"/> Hardy enweghị obi ụtọ ma nwee nsogbu mgbe ọ bụ nwata<ref name="rfi"/> ma na-etinye aka n'ihe omume naanị ya dịka ịgụ akwụkwọ, igwu egwu na nwa bebi, ma ọ bụ ige redio.<ref name="QuinoneroMonLit">Quinonero, 2017, "«Dans mon lit / Je dors, je rêve ou je lis»"</ref> N'ihi nrụgide nna ha, ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ gara n'otu ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik a na-akpọ Institution La Bruyère, n'okpuru nlekọta nke ndị nọn Trinitarian.<ref name="HardyOne" /> Ọdịiche dị n'etiti Hardy na ụmụ klas ya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya bụ ihe kpatara enweghị ntụkwasị obi ruo ndụ ya niile.<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance" /> Nne nne ya mere ka ahụike uche ya ka njọ,<ref name="HardyOne" /><ref name="QuinoneroEnfance" /> onye "gwara ya ugboro ugboro na [ọ] dịghị mma ma dịkwa njọ nke ukwuu".<ref name="mortality" /> N'agbata afọ 1952 na 1960, a na-eziga Hardy na nwanne ya nwanyị n'Ọstria kwa oge okpomọkụ ka ha mụọ asụsụ German, onye hụrụ nne ya n'anya ọhụrụ, onye [[onye a ma ama na Austria | onye isi Austria]] gbara ya ume.<ref name="QuinoneroAustria">Quinonero, 2017, "Les étés autrichiens"</ref> Nna ya na-akpọ piano, e wee mee ka Hardy mụta piano mgbe ọ bụ nwata, nke ọ kwụsịrị mgbe ọ hụrụ egwu n'elu ikpo okwu mgbe a chọrọ ka ọ mee ihe ngosi n'elu ikpo okwu na [[Salle Gaveau]].<ref name="Hardy Two" /> Mgbe Hardy dị afọ iri na isii, ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị wee gafere ''[[baccalauréat]]''.<ref name="Hardy Two">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Two"</ref> Iji mee emume ahụ, nna ya jụrụ ya onyinye ọ ga-achọ, o wee họrọ gita, nke o ji malite ịbụ abụ nke ya.<ref name="Hardy Two" /> N'ịgbaso iwu nne ya, o debanyere aha na [[Paris Institute of Political Studies]] mgbe ọ ka dị afọ iri na ụma,<ref name="Hardy Two" /> mana ọ hụrụ na ọ siri ike nke ukwuu, ọ hapụrụ Institute ahụ wee debanye aha na [[Mahadum nke Paris|Sorbonne]] iji mụọ asụsụ German.<ref>{{cite news |title=Francoise is France's little girl next door |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-mirror-francoise-is-frances-littl/168845615/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |date=23 March 1963 |location=London, United Kingdom |page=16 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Hardy jiri oge fọdụrụ n'ọmụmụ ihe ya dee egwu<ref name="Hardy Two" /> wee malite ime ihe nkiri n'otu obere ebe egwuregwu, ebe ọ na-akpọ egwu kwa Tọzde "n'ihu ndị lara ezumike nka".<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare">Quinonero, 2017, "«Un air de guitare..."</ref> N'oge a, ọ gara nyocha maka aha ndekọ [[Pathé-Marconi]] mgbe ọ hụrụ mgbasa ozi na ''[[France-Soir]]''.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /> A jụrụ ya, mana obi dị ya ụtọ na o dọtara uche ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruo ogologo oge karịa ka ọ tụrụ anya ya.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /> Obi gbakwara ya ume mgbe ọ nụrụ olu ya e tinyere na edekọ, nke o chere na ọ "adịghị mma ma dịkwa egwu karịa ka [ọ] tụrụ anya ya".<ref name="Hardy Two" /> == Ọrụ egwu == === 1961–1962: Mmalite ọrụ ya === Hardy gara [[Philips Records]], ebe a tụrụ aro ka ọ mụta ịkụ abụ nke ọma.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /> Ọ sonyere ule nbata nke ''Le Petit Conservatoire de la chanson'' na 1961, ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ndị na-eme ihe ngosi nke a na-agbasa na redio na telivishọn.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /><ref name="INAfille">{{cite web |last=Dartois |first=Florence |date=29 March 2021 |title=1962, Françoise Hardy, jeune espoir du "Petit conservatoire" |trans-title=1962, Françoise Hardy, olileanya ọhụrụ nke "Petit Conservatoire" |url=https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1962-francoise-hardy-jeune-espoir-du-petit-conservatoire |access-date=21 May 2021 |publisher=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|INA]] |language=French}}</ref> Onye isi mmemme ahụ, [[Mireille Hartuch]], bụ onye a maara nke ọma maka ịhọrọ ndị sonyere nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ hụrụ Hardy ka ọ na-abanye n’ụlọ klas, ọ nabatara ya ozugbo ọbụna tupu ọ kpọọ egwu ma ọ bụ bụrụọ abụ.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /> Ha mechara nwee mmekọrịta yiri nke nne na nwa nwanyị, yana ọbụbụenyi dabere n’ịkwanyere ibe ha ùgwù.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /> N’ụbọchị 14 Mee 1961, Hardy sonyere ule nbata maka ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu France [[Disques Vogue]].<ref name="QuinoneroVogue" /> Ọdịdị ya dọtara mmasị onye injinia ụda ha André Bernot, onye chere na ọ “ga-adị mma n’elu mkpuchi ndekọ egwu”, ma kwere nkwa ịkụziri ya tiori egwu iji meziwanye nghọta ya banyere oge na ụda egwu.<ref name="QuinoneroVogue" /> Bernot mechara dekọọ obere [[Demo (music)|demo]] nwere egwu anọ ya na ya, nke o nyefere onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ Jacques Wolfsohn.<ref name="QuinoneroVogue" /> Wolfsohn na-achọ nwanyị ga-abụ abụ ''Oh oh chéri'', ụdị French nke egwu "Uh Oh" nke [[Bobby Lee Trammell]] dere ma bụrụọ.<ref name="Hardy Two" /><ref name="QuinoneroVogue" /> Mgbe Hardy mechara ule nbata, Wolfsohn nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọrụ otu afọ,<ref name="Hardy Two" /> nke ọ bịanyere aka na ya n’ụbọchị 14 Novemba 1961.<ref name="QuinoneroVogue">Quinonero, 2017, "En Vogue"</ref> Mgbe Hartuch nụrụ banyere nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ Hardy, ọ kpọrọ ya ka ọ pụta na mmemme telivishọn ''Petit Conservatoire'' na 6 Febrụwarị 1962.<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="petitfille">{{cite web |url=https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1962-francoise-hardy-jeune-espoir-du-petit-conservatoire/ |title=1962, Françoise Hardy, jeune espoir du "Petit conservatoire" |access-date=28 May 2021 |date=29 March 2021 |language=French |publisher=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|INA]] |first=Florence |last=Dartois |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215328/https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1962-francoise-hardy-jeune-espoir-du-petit-conservatoire/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy jiri gita bụrụọ egwu mbụ ya dere onwe ya, ''La fille avec toi'', mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị a jụrụ ya ihe okwu Bekee ''yeah! yeah!'' dị n’abụ ya pụtara.<ref name="petitfille" /><ref name="Hardy Two" /> Mgbe e mesịrị, ntụgharịasụsụ ahụ bụ ''[[yé-yé]]'' ghọrọ okwu a ma ama site n’ọrụ onye ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya [[Edgar Morin]], n’isiokwu e bipụtara na ''[[Le Monde]]'' na 7 Julaị 1963, ebe ọ nyochara mmepe ngwa ngwa nke egwu pop ndị ntorobịa na-edu.<ref name="Briggs1425">Briggs, 2015, pp. 14–25</ref><ref name="QuinoneroTournee" /> Aha ''yé-yé'' sitere na mmemme redio ''[[Salut les copains (radio program)|Salut les copains]]'', nke [[Daniel Filipacchi]] kere, yana [[Salut les copains (magazine)|magazin]] nke otu aha ahụ.<ref name="Briggs1425" /><ref name="QuinoneroGarcon" /> === 1962–1963: Mmasị ''Yé-yé'' === '''Hardy na ''[[Grand Gala du Disque]]'' na Netherlands, Ọktoba 1963''' [[File:Francoise Hardy biedt prinses Margriet bloemen aan tijdens het Grand Gala du Dis, Bestanddeelnr 915-6257.jpg|thumb| Izute [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands|Princess Margriet]] na onye nchịkwa egwuregwu [[Jaap van Praag (football administrator)|Jaap van Praag]].]] [[File:Grand Gala du Disque populier in Kurhaus te Scheveningen Nummer 202122 Godfrie, Bestanddeelnr 915-6264.jpg|thumb|Ịnata [[Edison Award]] n’otu “Ndị Ntorobịa” n’aka odee na onye ama ama telivishọn [[Godfried Bomans]].]] Vogue wepụtara [[extended play]] (EP) mbụ Hardy na Mee 1962, nke gụnyere "''Oh oh chéri''" tinyere abụ ndị o dere n’onwe ya bụ "''Il est parti un jour''", "''J'suis d'accord''" na abụ ịhụnanya na-emetụ n’obi "''[[Tous les garçons et les filles]]''".<ref name="QuinoneroProjets">Quinonero, 2017, "''Des projets d'avenir''"</ref> N’isi Ọktoba, Hardy sere [[music video]] ojii na ọcha maka "''Tous les garçons et les filles''", nke Pierre Badel duziri ma gosipụta ya na mmemme telivishọn ''Toute la chanson''.<ref name="QuinoneroVogue"/> Abụ ahụ bụ nhọrọ Hardy, yana nke onye nrụpụta mmemme ahụ André Salvet, n’agbanyeghị na Wolfsohn enweghị mmasị ịkwalite ya.<ref name="QuinoneroVogue"/> A kpọbatara Hardy n’ihu ndị na-ekiri telivishọn ka ukwuu na 28 Ọktoba mgbe e gosipụtara vidio ahụ ọzọ n’oge ezumike mgbasa ozi n’etiti mgbasa nsonaazụ nke [[1962 French presidential election referendum|ntuli aka ntụgharị uche onye isi ala France nke 1962]].<ref name="linternaute">{{cite web |last=Dieu |first=Sarah |date=31 March 2021 |title=Françoise Hardy malade: ce que l'on sait sur sa santé |trans-title=Françoise Hardy na-arịa ọrịa: ihe a maara gbasara ahụike ya |url=https://www.linternaute.com/musique/biographie/1777696-francoise-hardy-malade-ce-que-l-on-sait-sur-sa-sante/ |access-date=10 May 2021 |publisher=L'Internaute |language=French}}</ref><ref name="abc">{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.es/cultura/musica/abci-francoise-hardy-nuevo-disco-201210300000_noticia.html |language=Spanish |access-date=11 May 2021 |title=Françoise Hardy: album ọhụrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ |last=de la Fuente |first=Manuel |date=21 October 2012 |work=ABC}}</ref><ref name="QuinoneroElectre"/> Abụ ahụ ghọrọ ihe a ma ama ngwa ngwa n’etiti ndị ntorobịa France, ọkachasị ụmụ agbọghọ nọ n’afọ iri na ụma, ma malitekwa ịkpọ ya ugboro ugboro n’ụlọ ọrụ redio, karịsịa na [[Europe n° 1]].<ref name="QuinoneroProjets"/> E mechakwara mee ka "''Tous les garçons et les filles''" bụrụ ihe a ma ama site na vidio [[Scopitone]] nke [[Claude Lelouch]] duziri.<ref name="QuinoneroElectre">Quinonero, 2017, "''Électre en ciré noir''"</ref> Vogue wepụtara ngwa ngwa EP abụọ ọzọ nke abụ Hardy. E mesịrị, a chịkọtara ha na EP mbụ ahụ wee bụrụ album studio mbụ ya, nke a maara dịka ''Tous les garçons et les filles''.<ref name="QuinoneroRois"/> Na France, a na-ele usoro [[LP record|LP]] anya n’oge ahụ dịka ihe a na-enyo enyo.<ref name="rsde">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.de/reviews/francoise-hardy-mon-amie-la-rose/ |language=German |title=Françoise Hardy: Mon amie la rose (Nyocha na Streaming) |last=Vetter |first=Marc |date=18 March 2016 |access-date=14 May 2021 |magazine=Rolling Stone |location=Germany}}</ref> N’ihi ya, album mbụ Hardy bụkarị nchịkọta nke [[7-inch record]] anọ a tọhapụrụ mbụ,<ref name="p4kreviews"/> usoro a maara dịka "super 45 [rpm]".<ref name="Hardy Two"/><ref name="QuinoneroRois"/> Ọtụtụ n’ime album ogologo ya enweghị aha pụrụ iche; naanị aha ya ka e dere n’elu mkpuchi, ma a na-akpọkarị ha site n’aha abụ kachasị ewu ewu dị na nchịkọta ahụ.<ref name="exclaim"/><ref name="QuinoneroQuestion">Quinonero, 2017, "«Question» mythique"</ref> Album studio mbụ Hardy nwetara ''Trophée de la Télévision'' yana onyinye a ma ama nke ''[[Grand Prix du Disque]]'' nke [[Académie Charles Cros]] na-enye.<ref name="QuinoneroRois">Quinonero, 2017, "«À vingt ans / On est les rois du monde»"</ref> Ka ọ na-erule mbido 1963, e rerela ndekọ 500,000 nke "''Tous les garçons et les filles''" na France,<ref name="QuinoneroFenetre"/> ma ọnụọgụ ahụ ruru nde 2.5 n’ime ọnwa ole na ole sochirinụ.<ref name="QuinoneroElectre"/> Abụ Hardy ndị bụ "''J'suis d'accord''", "''Le temps de l'amour''", na "''Tous les garçons...''" nọ n’elu chaatị abụ ndị kacha ere na France na ngwụcha 1962 na mbido 1963.<ref name="infodisc60s">{{cite web |last1=Lesueur |first1=Daniel |last2=Durand |first2=Dominic |year=2018 |title=Toutes les Chansons N° 1 des Années 60's |trans-title=Abụ niile rutere n’ọnọdụ mbụ n’afọ 1960s |url=http://www.infodisc.fr/Chanson_Number1_60.php |access-date=23 May 2021 |publisher=InfoDisc |language=French}}</ref> O binyere nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ afọ ise na Vogue yana nkwekọrịta na Editions Musicales Alpha, ụlọ ọrụ Wolfsohn guzobere.<ref name="QuinoneroElectre"/> O zutere [[:fr:Michel Bourdais|Michel Bourdais]], onye na-ese ihe na-emepụta atụmatụ nke [[Charles Aznavour]] chọpụtara n’oge na-adịbeghị anya,<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Richard Anthony (singer) |last=Anthony |first=Richard |title=Quand on choisit la liberté |isbn=978-2738226587 |publisher=Florent Massot |language=French |year=2010 |page=114}}</ref> onye kere ihe osise mbụ Françoise Hardy. Hardy, nke ihe osise ahụ masịrị nke ukwuu, zụtara ya.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Richard Anthony (singer) |last=Anthony |first=Richard |title=Quand on choisit la liberté |isbn=978-2738226587 |publisher=Florent Massot |language=French |year=2010 |page=115}}</ref> Na Maachị 1963, Hardy nọchitere anya [[Monaco]] na [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963]], nke e dere na [[London]]. O rụrụ abụ "''L'amour s'en va''", nke mechara bụrụ nke ise n’asọmpi ahụ. Mgbe e wepụtara ya dịka single, ọ ruru ọnọdụ nke ise na chaatị France na Juun 1963.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Billboard Hits of the World |magazine=Billboard |date=8 June 1963 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=agsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31 |access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref> Na Ọktoba, Hardy wepụtara album studio nke abụọ ya, ''[[Le premier bonheur du jour]]''.<ref name="QuinoneroTournee">Quinonero, 2017, "''La vie de tournée''"</ref> N’ọnwa ahụkwa, ọ natara [[Edison Award]] n’otu “Ndị Ntorobịa” na ''Grand Gala du Disque'' na Scheveningen, Netherlands.<ref name="QuinoneroRois" /> Onye odee [[Godfried Bomans]] nyere ya onyinye ahụ ma too ya dịka “onye nka nwere okike” nke maara otú e si wulite “usoro nke ya pụrụ iche n’enweghị iṅomi ndị America”.<ref name="QuinoneroRois" /> [[File:Francoise Hardy November 3 1963.png|thumb|upright=1.1|left|Hardy na-abata na [[Barcelona]] na 1963, ebe Luis Calvo, onye nduzi mba ụwa nke [[Hispavox]], nabatara ya]] Dị ka otu n’ime ndị isi nke mgbasa ''yé-yé'', Hardy ghọrọ otu n’ime ndị kacha pụta ìhè n’egwu France ma bụrụkwa nwanyị na-abụ abụ France kacha nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa mba ọzọ.<ref name="rfi">{{cite web |url=http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/francoise-hardy/biography.html |title=Françoise Hardy – Biography |date=March 2013 |publisher=Radio France Internationale |access-date=27 October 2016 |accessdate=4 June 2026 |archivedate=30 April 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430034019/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/francoise-hardy/biography.html }}</ref> Malite na 1963, e bugara ndekọ ọhụrụ nke "''Tous les garçons et les filles''" a sụgharịrị n’asụsụ Italian, German na Bekee n’ahịa mba ndị ọzọ.<ref name="QuinoneroFenetre">Quinonero, 2017, "«LA FENÊTRE OUVERTE SUR LE MONDE... ne vaut pas celle fermée sur mon amour...»"</ref> Mba mbụ na-abụghị nke na-asụ French ebe Hardy nwetara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma bụ Italy, ebe a kpọrọ abụ ahụ "''Quelli della mia età''" ma ree ndekọ 255,000. Ọ nọ n’elu chaatị single site na Eprel ruo Ọktoba, ma e wezụga n’etiti Julaị na Ọgọstụ mgbe [[Rita Pavone]] ji "Cuore" gafee ya.<ref name="QuinoneroCachez">Quinonero, 2017, "«Dans quel pays vous cachez-vous?»"</ref> Na ngwụcha oge ọkọchị na [[Milan]], Hardy dekọrọ abụ ọhụrụ<ref name="QuinoneroCachez"/> ndị e tinyere na album Italian ya ''[[Françoise Hardy canta per voi in italiano]]''.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=[[Françoise Hardy canta per voi in italiano]] |author=Françoise Hardy |year=1963 |location=Italy |publisher=Disques Vogue |id=LPJ 5034 |type=LP record}}</ref> Single "''L'età dell'amore''" / "''E all'amore che penso''" ruru kwa n’elu chaatị Italy.<ref name="QuinoneroCachez"/> ===1964–1968: Ịghọ kpakpando a ma ama n’ụwa niile=== [[File:Francoise hardy 1964.jpg|left|thumb|258x258px|Hardy na 1964]] Na 1963, Hardy gara London ka ọ dekọọ egwu ọhụrụ.<ref name="mortality" /> N’oge [[British Invasion]] nọ n’elu ewu ewu ya, Hardy chọrọ ime ka ụdị egwu ya bụrụ nke oge a,<ref name="QuinoneroLondres">Quinonero, 2017, "«Des façons Londres de me promettre Corfou»"</ref> ya mere ọ kpebiri ịhapụ ogo adịghị mma nke ụlọ ndekọ na ndị injinia ụda France ma dekọọ egwu ya na ụlọ ọrụ [[Pye Records]].<ref name="Deluxe60">Deluxe, 2013. p. 60</ref> Mgbe ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye nrụpụta egwu [[Tony Hatch]] na Febrụwarị 1964, ọ dekọrọ EP nke gụnyere ụdị ọhụrụ nke "[[Catch a Falling Star]]" yana mmegharị atọ nke egwu ya ndị a ma ama: "Find Me a Boy" ("Tous les garçons et les filles"), "Only Friends" ("Ton meilleur ami"), na "I Wish It Were Me" ("J'aurais voulu").<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> Ndị na-ege egwu na England mbụ họọrọ egwu ya ndị e dere n’asụsụ French,<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> ebe "Tous les garçons et les filles" batara na [[UK Singles Chart]] na 1 Julaị 1964 n’ọnọdụ nke iri atọ na isii.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles/|title=Tous les garçons et les filles|access-date=29 May 2021|publisher=[[UK Singles Chart|Official Singles Chart]]|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213856/https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles/|url-status=live}}</ref> Egwu ya nke Bekee nke 1965, "[[All Over the World (Françoise Hardy song)|All Over the World]]", ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na United Kingdom, rutere n’ime Top 20 ma nọrọ na chaatị ahụ izu iri na ise.<ref name="allovertheworld">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/song/all-over-the-world-mt0028665336|author-link=Richie Unterberger|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|access-date=14 May 2021|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|title=All Over the World – Françoise Hardy|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515013212/https://www.allmusic.com/song/all-over-the-world-mt0028665336|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ gara nke ọma kwa na South Africa, Australia, na New Zealand,<ref name="QuinoneroLondres" /> nke mere ka o kwe omume ịbụ ndekọ egwu ya kacha ewu ewu n’etiti ndị na-asụ Bekee.<ref name="allovertheworld" /> Na 1965, Hardy gara New York iji bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ egwu na [[Kapp Records|Kapp]] maka nkesa ndekọ egwu ya na United States.<ref name="QuinoneroMonde">Quinonero, 2017, "«Dans le monde entier»"</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wepụtara albọm studio mbụ ya n’okpuru aha ''The "Yeh-Yeh" Girl From Paris!'' yana egwu otu "However Much", ụdị Bekee nke egwu e bipụtarala mbụ, "Et même...".<ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> A tọhapụrụkwa albọm asụsụ German ''[[In Deutschland]]'', nke nwere egwu ise o dere n’onwe ya na nsụgharị German nke ụfọdụ egwu ya gara aga.<ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> Egwu kacha ewu ewu ya na Germany bụ "Frag' den Abendwind", nke nọrọ na chaatị egwu mba ahụ izu iri abụọ na anọ.<ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> [[File:Hardy in orange.png|thumb|209x209px|Hardy na 1966]] Na 12 Eprel 1966, Hardy so n’ime ndị na-eme ihe ngosi iri anọ na isii sonyere na foto otu nke [[Jean-Marie Périer]] sere maka ''Salut Les Copains''. Foto ahụ ghọrọ akara ngosi nke oge yé-yé ma mesịa bụrụ nke a maara na France dịka "foto nke narị afọ" (French: ''photo du siècle'').<ref name="linternaute" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Flückiger |first=Laurent |date=12 April 2016 |title=La "photo du siècle" a 50 ans |trans-title=The "photo of the century" is 50 years old. |url=https://www.lematin.ch/story/la-photo-du-siecle-a-50-ans-238515438548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512154919/https://www.lematin.ch/story/la-photo-du-siecle-a-50-ans-238515438548 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |access-date=12 May 2021 |work=[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]] |language=French}}</ref> Malite na ngwụcha afọ 1967, Hardy soro ndụmọdụ Wolfsohn wee malite ịtọhapụ ndekọ egwu ya site n’ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ya nke onwe ya, Asparagus, n’agbanyeghị na Vogue gara n’ihu na-ekesa ha.<ref name="QuinoneroSeptieme">Quinonero, 2017, "Septième album"</ref> O mechara kwaa ụta maka mkpebi ahụ, na-ekwu na 1999: "Onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Vogue, Léon Cabat, sonyekwara na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta a, ma n’etiti ha, ha nwere ọtụtụ n’ime òkè ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Nke a kpatara ọtụtụ ikpe na esemokwu gbasara mmegbu na nrụgide.|source=Hardy, 1999}} <ref name="QuinoneroSeptieme" /> Albọm French nke asaa ya, ''[[Ma jeunesse fout le camp...|Ma jeunesse fout le camp]]'', nke bụ nke mbụ e mepụtara n’okpuru Asparagus, pụtara na Nọvemba 1967.<ref name="QuinoneroSeptieme" /> Site na ndụmọdụ onye nrụpụta egwu Bekee Noel Rodgers, Hardy dekọrọ albọm Bekee nke abụọ ya n’oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1968. A maara albọm ahụ n’aha dị iche iche dịka ''[[En anglais]]'', ''The Second English Album'', ''Will You Love Me Tomorrow'', na ''Loving'', dabere na mba e bipụtara ya.<ref name="QuinoneroAnglais">Quinonero, 2017, "«En anglais»"</ref> Na 1968, Hardy wepụtara ụdị French nke egwu [[Vera Lynn]] "It Hurts to Say Goodbye", nke a kpọrọ "[[Comment te dire adieu]]", n’ime [[Comment te dire adieu (album)|albọm nke otu aha ahụ]]. [[Serge Gainsbourg]] dere okwu French nke egwu ahụ, ma ọ ghọrọ otu n’ime ọrụ ya kacha nwee ihe ịga nke ọma.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beaumont-Thomas |first1=Ben |title=Françoise Hardy, French pop singer and fashion muse, dies aged 80 |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/3066869250 |date=12 June 2024|website=The Guardian |access-date=19 July 2024|id={{ProQuest|3066869250}} }}</ref> ===1969–1976: Ntughari gaa n'ogo nka tozuru etozu=== [[File:Francoise Hardy (1969).jpg|left|thumb|254x254px|Hardy na Amsterdam, Disemba 1969]] N'afọ 1970, ọ kwụsịrị mmekọrịta ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu ahụ ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na [[Sonopresse]], nke bụ ngalaba nke [[Hachette (publisher)|Hachette]].<ref name="QuinoneroDomicile">Quinonero, 2017, "Double changement de domicile"</ref> Ọ mekwara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta egwu ọhụrụ a kpọrọ Hypopotam ma guzobe ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta egwu nke ya nke a kpọrọ Kundalini.<ref name="QuinoneroDomicile" /> Hardy natara nnukwu ego n'ihu site na Sonopresse, nke nyere ya ohere ịkwado ọrụ ya n'onwe ya.<ref name="HardySeven" /> O mechara kọwaa oge a dịka "oge kacha nwee obi ụtọ" n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'egwu ya n'enweghị nnukwu njide sitere n'aka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="QuinoneroDomicile" /> Oge mgbanwe a n'ọrụ ya malitere site n'ịpụta ọtụtụ [[compilation album|album nchịkọta]] n'afọ 1970, gụnyere album French ''Françoise'', yana album studio ''[[One-Nine-Seven-Zero]]'', nke e dere n'asụsụ Bekee, na ''[[Träume]]'', nke ghọrọ album ikpeazụ ya n'asụsụ German.<ref name="QuinoneroDomicile" /> Album studio French mbụ e mepụtara n'okpuru Hypopotam bụ {{ill|Soleil (Françoise Hardy album)|lt=Soleil|fr|Soleil (album)|italic=yes}}, nke ewepụtara n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1970.<ref name="QuinoneroSoleil" /> Album ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-ahazi egwu, gụnyere Bernard Estardy, [[Jean-Claude Vannier]], Jean-Pierre Sabar, [[Mick Jones (Foreigner guitarist)|Mick Jones]], [[Saint-Preux]], [[Simon Napier-Bell]], na Tommy Brown nke otu [[Nero and the Gladiators]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6768_franoise-hardy-soleil.html|author=Waltersmoke|language=French|access-date=31 May 2021|title=Françoise Hardy – Soleil (1970)|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|date=30 May 2014|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215203/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6768_franoise-hardy-soleil.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|author=Françoise Hardy|title=Soleil|location=France|year=1970|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 39.902|type=LP record}}</ref> N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1970, Hardy wepụtara otu egwu Italian nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke ikpeazụ ya, "Lungo il mare", nke Giuseppe Torrebruno, [[Luigi Albertelli]] na Donato Renzetti dere.<ref name="QuinoneroSoleil" /> Otu egwu a na nke sochirinụ, nke nwere nsụgharị Italian nke "Soleil" ("Sole ti amo") na "Le crabe" ("Il granchio"), enwebeghị nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa.<ref name="QuinoneroSoleil" /> Ọ deberekwa egwu n'asụsụ Spanish maka oge mbụ ya, maka otu egwu nwere nsụgharị Spanish nke "Soleil" ("Sol") na "J'ai coupé le téléphone" ("Corté el teléfono").<ref name="QuinoneroSoleil" /><ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Sol|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1970|type=7-inch single|location=Spain|publisher=[[Hispavox]]|id=H 609}}</ref> N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1971, Hardy wepụtara otu egwu nke onye na-ede ma na-abụ abụ [[Patrick Dewaere|Patrick Dewaere]] nke a kpọrọ "T'es pas poli", mgbe arụmọrụ ya na [[Café de la Gare]] dị na Paris masịrị ya nke ukwuu.<ref name="HardySeven" /><ref name="QuinoneroSoleil">Quinonero, 2017, "Soleil ou lune"</ref> Dewaere na Hardy sonyere ọnụ n'ọtụtụ mmemme telivishọn iji kwalite egwu ahụ, ma ọ naghị enweta ihe ịga nke ọma a tụrụ anya ya.<ref name="HardySeven" /> N'afọ 1970, Hardy zutere Tuca (Valeniza Zagni da Silva), onye Brazil na-abụ abụ ma na-akpọ guitar nke bi na Paris, ma ha ghọrọ ezigbo enyi.<ref name="HardySeven" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Blay |first=Milton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AA6FAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT27 |title=Direto de Paris: coq au vin com feijoada |year= 2014 |publisher=Editora Contexto |isbn=9788572448543 |page=27 |language=pt |trans-title=Direct from Paris: coq au vin with feijoada}}</ref> Hardy mepụtara album ya na Tuca mgbe ọ gara [[Festival Internacional da Canção]] na [[Rio de Janeiro]] ma mata ma nwee mmasị n'egwu Brazil.<ref name="QuinoneroQuestion" /><ref name="HardySeven" /><ref name="telerama16" /> Nke a bụ oge mbụ n'ọrụ ya ka ya na onye ọzọ dere abụ rụkọrọ ọrụ tupu ha abanye n'ụlọ ndekọ egwu. O nwekwara ohere isonye n'ịhọrọ nhazi nke ụda violin na ngwa egwu ndị ọzọ.<ref name="HardySeven" /> Album ahụ, ''[[La question (album)|La question]]'', ewepụtara na 16 Ọktoba 1971,<ref name="Weiner 19">{{cite news |last=Weiner|first=Judith|date=25 October 1971|title=Interview |language=fr|newspaper=[[France-Soir]]|location=Paris|page=19}}</ref> ma kwalite ya site n'otu egwu "Le martien",<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Le martien|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1971|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 45.908}}</ref> "Même sous la pluie"<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Même sous la pluie|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1971|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 45.909}}</ref> na "Rêve".<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Rêve|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1972|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 45.910}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nta akụkọ France toro album ahụ nke ukwuu,<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="vie">{{cite web |last=Lehoux |first=Valérie |date=27 April 2012 |title=La vie en musique de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.telerama.fr/musique/la-vie-en-musique-de-francoise-hardy,80734.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510192036/https://www.telerama.fr/musique/la-vie-en-musique-de-francoise-hardy,80734.php |archive-date=10 May 2021 |access-date=11 May 2021 |work=[[Télérama]] |language=French}}</ref> ọ naghị enweta nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa.<ref name="telerama16" /><ref name="Lesueur1938">Lesueur, 2015. p. 1938</ref> Mgbe ''La question'' dara n'ahịa, Hardy gbanwere ụzọ egwu ya ma kpọọ onye Britain na-ahazi egwu [[Tony Cox (record producer)|Tony Cox]] ka ọ mepụta album ya na-esote.<ref name="HardySeven" /> Album ahụ, nke a maara dịka ''Et si je m'en vais avant toi'', ''L'éclairage'', ma ọ bụ "Album Oroma" n'ihi mkpuchi ya, ewepụtara na Novemba 1972 ma kwalite ya site n'otu egwu "La berlue".<ref name="QuinoneroRouge" /> Mgbe arụchara ọrụ ahụ, Hardy na Cox dekọrọ album Bekee ''[[If You Listen]]'', nke nwere nsụgharị ọhụrụ nke ụfọdụ egwu America na Britain a na-amaghị nke ọma.<ref name="HardySeven" /> Mgbe nkwekọrịta Hardy na Sonopresse gwụsịrị, emebeghị ya ọhụrụ.<ref name="QuinoneroVI" /> Ihe dị ka afọ 1972, Hardy kpọrọ onye na-ede abụ na onye nrụpụta egwu [[Michel Berger]] ka ya na ya rụkọọ ọrụ mgbe ọrụ ya na [[Véronique Sanson]] masịrị ya nke ukwuu.<ref name="HardyEight" /><ref name="QuinoneroVI">Quinonero, 2017, "«TOUS CES MOTS QUI FONT PEUR QUAND ILS NE FONT PAS RIRE... [...] Je voudrais vous les dire / Et je voudrais les vivre...»"</ref> Berger dere abụ abụọ n'ime iri na abụọ dị na album ahụ, "[[Message personnel]]" na "Première rencontre".<ref name="HardyEight" /> N'agbanyeghị oge nnwere onwe nka ọ nwetara tupu ahụ, Hardy chọpụtara onwe ya ọzọ n'okpuru usoro ọrụ siri ike nke Berger, onye ọ kọwara mgbe e mesịrị dịka "nwoke na-eme ọsọ ọsọ, nwere ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-eme, ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-echebara echiche, na ọtụtụ mmadụ ọ ga-ahụ".<ref name="QuinoneroBerger" /> Ndekọ album ahụ mere na Julaị 1973, obere oge mgbe Hardy mụsịrị nwa ya nwoke, [[Thomas Dutronc]].<ref name="HardyEight" /> Album ahụ, ''[[Message personnel (album)|Message personnel]]'', ewepụtara n'afọ ahụ site na [[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]],<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=[[Message personnel (album)|Message personnel]]|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1973|type=LP record|location=France|publisher=[[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]]|id=56 019}}</ref> bụkwa nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'akụkụ ahịa na nyocha ndị nkatọ.<ref name="rfi" /> Egwu isi ya mere ka ọrụ Hardy laghachi n'elu ọzọ na France.<ref name="QuinoneroBerger">Quinonero, 2017, "Michel Berger, l'homme pressé"</ref> Hardy dere abụ iri nwere otu isiokwu jikọrọ ha ọnụ maka album ya na-esote,<ref name="HardyNine" /><ref name="QuinoneroFaim" /> ebe enyi ya [[Catherine Lara]] tinyere egwu n'okwu ndị ahụ. Ọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na Jean-Pierre Castelain, Gérard Kawczynski, André Georget, na Michel Sivy.<ref name="QuinoneroFaim" /> N'okpuru mmepụta [[Hughes de Courson]], album echiche (concept album) ''Entr'acte'' ewepụtara na Novemba 1974 ma kwalite ya site n'abụ "Ce soir", "Je te cherche", na "Il y a eu des nuits".<ref name="QuinoneroFaim">Quinonero, 2017, "«Il y a eu des nuits / Où je mourais de toi / Comme on meurt de faim...»"</ref> Album ahụ dara n'ahịa,<ref name="HardyTen" /> nke mere ka Hardy were ezumike n'ọrụ egwu iji tinyekwuo oge n'ịzụlite nwa ya. Ọ wepụtara naanị otu egwu abụọ n'afọ 1975–1976.<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="QuinoneroFaim" /> Nke mbụ bụ egwu [[Jean-Michel Jarre]] dere, "Que vas-tu faire?", nke e jikọtara na "Le compte a rebours",<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Que vas-tu faire?|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1975|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]]|id=16664}}</ref> mana ọ rere nke ọma nke ukwuu.<ref name="HardyTen" /><ref name="QuinoneroFaim" /> Nke abụọ bụ "Femme parmi les femmes", egwu isi nke ihe nkiri [[Claude Lelouch]] ''Si c'était à refaire'', nke nwere okwu [[Pierre Barouh]] dere na egwu [[Francis Lai]] mepụtara.<ref name="QuinoneroFaim" /> Ihe dị ka afọ 1976, Berger kpọtụrụ Hardy ọzọ, chọrọ ka ọ sonye na ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu ọhụrụ ya, Apache. Hardy zitere ya abụ "Ton enfance", "Star", na "L'impasse".<ref name="HardyTen">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Ten"</ref> Berger tụrụ aro ka a wepụta album dabere na abụ ndị ahụ nke ga-enwe otu echiche jikọrọ ha ọnụ, mana Hardy jụrụ aro ahụ ma kama bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na [[Pathé-Marconi]].<ref name="QuinoneroYared">Quinonero, 2017, "Gabriel Yared, le gentil tyran"</ref> ===1977–1995: Ọrụ ya na Gabriel Yared na ezumike n’ọrụ=== [[File:Françoise Hardy05.JPG|thumb|upright|Hardy na Deauville, Normandy, Julaị 1992]] Maka ''Star'' nke afọ 1977, albọm mbụ ya e wepụtara n'okpuru Pathé-Marconi, Hardy kpọrọ [[Gabriel Yared]] ka ọ bụrụ onye nrụpụta na onye nhazi egwu.<ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> Albọm ahụ, nke a kọwara dịka “albọm ngwakọta”, nwere egwu isii Hardy dere yana abụ ndị [[Serge Gainsbourg]], [[William Sheller]], Catherine Lara, [[Luc Plamondon]], Roland Vincent, na [[Michel Jonasz]] dere.<ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> Na mbido, mmekọrịta Hardy na Yared jupụtara na esemokwu.<ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> Edekọrọ ''Star'' n’ime ọnọdụ e ji nrụgide mara, nke mere ka e kpọọ Hardy aha “eze nwanyị oyi”.<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="independent05" /> Dị ka Frédéric Quinonero si kwuo, “onye na-abụ abụ ahụ chere na ọ dị mkpa iwepụ nghọtahie ọ bụla, nke anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke mmetụta uche, tupu mmekọrịta ha ghọọ ezigbo ọbụbụenyi.”<ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> ''Star'' ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa, mee ka Hardy laghachi n’ihu mgbasa ozi ma mee ka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị ntorobịa mara ọrụ ya.<ref name="rfi" /> N’agbanyeghị esemokwu dị n’etiti ha n’ụlọ ndekọ egwu, Hardy na Yared gara n’ihu ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ihe dị ka afọ isii ma dekọọ albọm ise ọnụ.<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> N’afọ 1991, Hardy chetara ahụmahụ ya n’ọrụ ya na Yared: <blockquote> [Yared] na-achọsi ike n’ihe gbasara ọrụ ya... ma n’ọrụ ma n’enyi. Ọ nwere nnukwu mmetụta n’ahụ m. Albọm ise anyị mere ọnụ adịghị mfe... mana echere m na otu n’ime nnukwu ohere ndụ m bụ ịchọta onwe m ọzọ n’okpuru nduzi nke onye egwu nwere ogo dị otu a.<ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> </blockquote> Albọm sochirinụ nke Hardy n’afọ 1978, ''Musique saoûle'', gụnyere ihe ndị [[Gabriel Yared]], Alain Goldstein na Michel Jonasz dere.<ref>{{cite AV media|type=LP record|location=France|title=Musique saoûle|publisher=[[Pathé-Marconi]]|id=2C 070-14697|year=1978|author=Françoise Hardy}}</ref> Albọm ahụ gbanwere ntụziaka egwu Hardy gaa n’ụdị egwu a pụrụ ịgba egwu karịa, ma nweta nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa, nke ewu ewu nke egwu mbụ ya bụ “J'écoute de la musique saoûle”, karịsịa ụdị ya e mezigharịrị ogologo oge nyere aka.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> A kwalitere ''Musique saoûle'' site n’ịpụta Hardy na mmemme telivishọn ebe a na-ahụ ya ka ọ na-eme egwu ahụ n’ụzọ a kọwara dịka nke na-adịghị adị ya mfe n’etiti igwe mmadụ na-agba egwú.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> N’afọ 1980, Yared na onye ọrụ ibe ya Bernard Ilous nyere albọm ọzọ ya, ''Gin Tonic'', ụdị azụmahịa ka ukwuu.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> Ihe mkpuchi albọm ahụ, nke onye ọrụ ibe magazin ''Façade'' sere, bụ magazin French e kere n’usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Influence'' nke [[Andy Warhol]], gosipụtara Hardy dịka onye oge a nke ukwuu.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> A kwalitere ''Gin Tonic'' site na abụ ndị “Jazzy rétro Satanas” na “Juke-box”.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> Albọm ọzọ Hardy, ''À suivre'', pụtara na Eprel 1981 n'okpuru akara Flarenasch, nke mebiri nkwekọrịta ya na Pathé-Marconi.<ref name="QuinoneroMariage" /> Albọm ahụ wetara ndị ọrụ ibe ọhụrụ, ebe Yared kpọrọ ndị dere egwu dịka [[Louis Chedid]], Pierre Groscolas, Jean-Claude Vannier, [[Michel Bernholc]], Daniel Perreau, Jean-Pierre Bourtayre, na [[Étienne Roda-Gil]].<ref name="QuinoneroMariage" /> A kwalitere ''À suivre'' site na abụ ndị “Tamalou” na “Villégiature”.<ref name="QuinoneroMariage" /> Albọm sochirinụ, ''Quelqu'un qui s'en va'', pụtara n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1981 ma nwee ihe mkpuchi albọm nke [[Serge Gainsbourg]] sere foto ya.<ref name="QuinoneroSortie">Quinonero, 2017, "Fausse sortie"</ref> ''Décalages'', nke e wepụtara na 2 Mee 1988,<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages" /> ka a kpọsara dịka albọm ikpeazụ Hardy. Ọ ghọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa ma nweta asambodo [[Gold disc|ọlaedo]] maka ire puku narị otu (100,000) nkeji.<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages">Hardy, 2017, "Décalages et dérapages"</ref> N’afọ 1990, Hardy dere abụ "[[Fais-moi une place]]" maka [[Julien Clerc]], a kpọnyekwara ya n’albọm ya nke nwere otu aha ahụ.<ref name="linternaute" /> Hardy laghachiri n’ọrụ egwu ya n’afọ ndị 1990 mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na [[Virgin Records]] na Disemba 1994.<ref name="linternaute" /> N’afọ 1995, Hardy rụkọrọ ọrụ na otu egwu Bekee [[Blur (band)|Blur]] maka ụdị French nke "[[To the End (Blur song)|To the End]]", nke e dekọrọ na [[Abbey Road Studios]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5sI04YpV3QC&pg=PA197|page=197|title=Abbey Road: The Best Studio in the World|access-date=13 May 2021|first=Alistair|last=Lawrence|year=2012|isbn=978-1608199990|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072142/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5sI04YpV3QC&pg=PA197#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> E tinyere ya dịka [[B-side]] nke egwu otu ahụ bụ "[[Country House (Blur song)|Country House]]".<ref>{{cite AV media|title=Blur's Country House|author=[[Blur (band)|Blur]]|type=CD single|location=United Kingdom|id=7243 8 82338 2 8|publisher=[[Parlophone]]|year=1995}}</ref> === 1996–2021: Albọm ikpeazụ na ịla ezumike nka === N'afọ 1997, Hardy so ndị otu French abụọ ahụ, [[Air (French band)|Air]], rụọkọ ọrụ na egwu "Jeanne", nke bụ [[B-side]] dị na maxi-single ha bụ "[[Sexy Boy (Air song)|Sexy Boy]]".<ref>{{cite AV media|title=Sexy Boy|author=[[Air (French band)|Air]]|type=CD single|location=United States|id=CAR 6645-2|publisher=[[Caroline Records]]|year=1997}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, Hardy natara ihe nrite ''Female Artist of the Year'' maka albọm ya ''Tant de belles choses'' na emume [[Victoires de la Musique]]. N'afọ 2006, ọ natara ihe nrite [[Grande médaille de la chanson française]], nke [[Académie Française]] na-enye iji kwanyere ugwu ọrụ ya n’egwu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.academie-francaise.fr/grande-medaille-de-la-chanson-francaise|title=Grande médaille de la chanson française|language=French|publisher=[[Académie Française]]|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512153720/https://www.academie-francaise.fr/grande-medaille-de-la-chanson-francaise|url-status=live}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Hardy mere emume ncheta afọ iri ise (50) ya n’ọrụ egwu site n’ịpụta akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya na albọm ọhụrụ, ha abụọ nwere aha ''[[L'Amour fou (album)|L'Amour fou]]''.<ref name=lefou/> Mgbe a chọpụtara na ọ nwere [[laryngeal cancer]], onye na-agụ egwú ahụ kwupụtara na ''L'Amour fou'' ga-abụ albọm ikpeazụ ya, mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ ise gachara, ọ laghachiri na mwepụta albọm ''[[Personne d'autre]]'' n'afọ 2018.<ref name=faroutmag>Far Out Staff [http://faroutmagazine.co.uk/francoise-hardy-to-release-new-studio-album-personne-dautre/ Françoise Hardy to release new studio album "Personne d'autre"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103132318/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/francoise-hardy-to-release-new-studio-album-personne-dautre/ |date=3 November 2023 }}, ''Far Out Magazine'', Retrieved on 7 May 2018.</ref> N’ọnwa Maachị 2021, Hardy kwupụtara na ọ pụghịzi ịbụ abụ n’ihi mmetụta ọgwụgwọ kansa ya kpatara.<ref name="parismatch21">{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-Mes-chansons-m-aidaient-a-supporter-mes-douleurs-1731052|language=French|access-date=22 May 2021|work=[[Paris Match]]|title=Françoise Hardy : "Mes chansons m'aidaient à supporter mes douleurs"|date=28 March 2021|first=Benjamin|last=Locoge|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213815/https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-Mes-chansons-m-aidaient-a-supporter-mes-douleurs-1731052|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri== [[File:Francoise hardy grand prix (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Hardy na-eme ihe dị ka Lisa n’ihe nkiri 1966 ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]'']] Hardy sonyere n’ọrụ ihe nkiri, ma ọ naghị etinye onwe ya n’ọrụ ime ihe nkiri dịka ọrụ siri ike, ọ chọkwara ime ya otú ahụ.<ref name="HardyThree" /><ref name="montanes">{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiariomontanes.es/culturas/libros/francoise-hardy-sentia-20170826153636-nt.html|language=Spanish|access-date=12 May 2021|title="Françoise Hardy sentía amor por la música pero no por exponer su intimidad"|date=27 August 2017|last=González Ruiz|first=Pilar|work=[[El Diario Montañés]]|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123102532/https://www.eldiariomontanes.es/culturas/libros/francoise-hardy-sentia-20170826153636-nt.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ nabatara ọrụ ime ihe nkiri e nyere ya n’afọ ndị 1960 n’enweghị nnukwu mmasị, dịka ndụmọdụ [[Jean-Marie Périer]] si dị.<ref name="HardyThree" /> Ọ bụ ezie na echiche ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ndị nduzi ihe nkiri a ma ama masịrị ya, ọ ka họọrọ egwu karịa sinima.<ref name="nytimes" /> N’afọ 1963, Hardy mere mpụta mbụ ya n’ihe nkiri dịka Ophelia n’ihe nkiri [[Roger Vadim]] ''[[Château en Suède]]''.<ref name="HardyThree">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Three"</ref><ref name="Deluxe58">Deluxe, 2013. p. 58</ref> Tupu ekenye ya ọrụ ahụ, Vadim nwara ikike ime ihe nkiri Hardy site n’ịdu ya ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ ozi ịhụnanya [[Cécile de Roggendorf]] dere nye [[Giacomo Casanova]].<ref name="QuinoneroActress">Quinonero, 2017, "Actrice malgré elle"</ref> N’oge a na-emepụta ''Château en Suède'', Vadim kpọrọ Hardy asị n’ihi “enweghị mmasị ya na-enweghị njedebe”, nke ghọrọ “mbido egwu ya banyere oge a na-eme ihe nkiri na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri n’ozuzu ya”.<ref name="Deluxe60" /> Dị ka akụkụ nke mgbasa ozi ihe nkiri ahụ, Hardy gara [[Cannes Film Festival]], ebe ọ yi uwe mkpuchi ojii nke [[Pierre Cardin]] chepụtara.<ref name="QuinoneroActress" /> Mgbe o mechara obere mpụta ([[cameo appearance]]) na ''[[What's New Pussycat?]]'',<ref name="Deluxe60" /> Hardy nwetara ọrụ n’ihe nkiri [[Jean-Daniel Pollet]] nke 1966 ''[[A Bullet Through the Heart|Une balle au cœur]]'', nke e sere n’otu agwaetiti dịpụrụ adịpụ na Gris.<ref name="HardyThree" /> Ahụmahụ ahụ amasịghị ya, ma o kwuru, “mgbe ụbọchị otu ma ọ bụ abụọ gachara, aghọtara m na onye nduzi ahụ adịghị mma ma ihe nkiri ya bụ ọdịda.”<ref name="HardyThree" /> N’ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma ya n’ọrụ egwu na Italy, Hardy pụtara dịka onye na-eme egwu n’ihe nkiri ''[[musicarelli]]'', gụnyere ''I ragazzi dell'Hully Gully'' (1964),<ref name="ragazzi">{{Cite book|title=La canzone italiana del Novecento|last=Baldazzi|first=Gianfranco|language=Italian|page=306|publisher=[[Newton Compton Editori]]|year=1989}}</ref> ''[[Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone]]'' (1965),<ref name="questo">{{cite journal|title=Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone|year=1966|volume=27|language=Italian|page=55|journal=Bianco e Nero|publisher=[[Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia]]|location=Italy}}</ref> ''[[Altissima pressione]]'' (1965), na ''Europa canta'' (1965).<ref name="larkin">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]|year=2006|isbn=978-0195313734|editor-first=Colin|editor-last=Larkin|editor-link=Colin Larkin|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|edition=4th|page=132}}</ref> Ọ pụtakwara na mmemme telivishọn pụrụ iche nke 1968 ''[[Monte Carlo: C'est La Rose]]'', nke [[Grace Kelly]] bụ onye na-elekọta ya.<ref name="larkin" /> Onye nduzi America [[John Frankenheimer]] hụrụ Hardy ka ọ na-apụ n’otu ụlọ oriri abalị dị na London ma chee na ọ ga-adabara nke ọma n’ihe nkiri [[Formula One]] ya ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]'' (1966).<ref name="HardyFour">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Four"</ref> N’agbanyeghị na ọ ka enweghị mmasị n’ọrụ ime ihe nkiri dịka ọrụ ndụ, Hardy nabatara ọrụ ahụ n’ihi na a na-akwụ ya ezigbo ụgwọ.<ref name="QuioneroCineaste">Quinonero, 2017, "Pour la «beauté renversante» d'un cinéaste"</ref> Ọ pụtakwara obere oge na ihe nkiri [[Jean-Luc Godard]] nke 1966 ''[[Masculin féminin]]'', ebe ọ yi uwe zuru ezu nke [[André Courrèges]] chepụtara.<ref name="godard">{{cite web|url=https://exhibitions.fitnyc.edu/paris-refashioned/masculin-feminin-and-french-youth-fashion/|access-date=12 May 2021|title=Masculin féminin and French Youth Fashion|date=3 March 2017|publisher=The Museum at FIT. [[Fashion Institute of Technology]]|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512182356/https://exhibitions.fitnyc.edu/paris-refashioned/masculin-feminin-and-french-youth-fashion/|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ 1969, ọ bụ kpakpando n’ihe nkiri telivishọn ''L'homme qui venait du Cher'' tinyere [[Eddy Mitchell]].<ref name="cher">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k0EWr7ye9XEC&pg=PT126|language=French|access-date=12 May 2021|title=Il faut rentrer maintenant|author-link=Eddy Mitchell|last1=Mitchell|first1=Eddy|last2=Varrod|first2=Didier|year=2012|publisher=[[La Martinière Groupe|Editions de la Martinière]]|isbn=978-2732451473|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072147/https://books.google.com/books?id=k0EWr7ye9XEC&pg=PT126#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ ndị 1970, ọ mere obere mpụta n’ihe nkiri [[Jean-Claude Lord]] ''[[The Doves (film)|The Doves]] (Les Colombes)'' (1972)<ref name="colombes" /> na nke [[Claude Lelouch]] ''[[If I Had to Do It All Over Again]] (Si c'était à refaire)'' (1976).<ref name="QuinoneroFilmography" /> ==Ọrụ ya n’ihe gbasara ịgụ kpakpando (Astrology)== :Ekwenyere m na sayensị mmadụ a na-enye naanị ozi banyere otu n’ime ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ndụ anyị, ya bụ nke jikọtara na usoro na mgbagharị nke usoro mbara igwe anyị. Ọ na-enyere anyị naanị ịghọta ebe anyị nọ ma mata nke ọma usoro dị iche iche nke mmepe anyị, nke dabere n’ọtụtụ ihe karịrị naanị okirikiri na nhazi nke mbara ala, ma ọ bụghịkwa mgbe niile ka a pụrụ ịkọwa ya dịka ihe omume ma ọ bụ nsonaazụ pụrụ iche. — Hardy banyere enweghị ntụkwasị obi ya n’ebe ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ kpakpando nọ na n’ebe “ịgụ kpakpando amụma” nọ, 2008.<ref name="HardySix" /> Hardy mekwara ọrụ dịka onye na-agụ kpakpando ([[astrologer]]), ma dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na edemede gbasara isiokwu ahụ. Ọ sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche a na-akpọ “conditionalist”, nke [[Jean-Pierre Nicola]] kọwara n’akwụkwọ ya nke 1964, ''La condition solaire'', nke kwuru na ịgụ kpakpando abụghị usoro [[divination|ịkọ amụma]], kama na a ga-eji ya tụlee ihe ndị ọzọ dịka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, agụmakwụkwọ, na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na omenala.<ref name="HardyAtrologia">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RtAwDwAAQBAJ|access-date=6 May 2021|last=Hardy|first=Françoise|author-link=Françoise Hardy|trans-title=La astrología universal|title=L'astrologie universelle|orig-year=1987|type=eBook|year=2007|isbn=978-8431535810|language=Spanish|location=Barcelona|publisher=De Vecchi Ediciones|chapter=Introducción|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010044/https://books.google.com/books?id=RtAwDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lcMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA103|pages=103–104|language=French|access-date=10 May 2021|title=L'astrologie: le grand voyage en soi et dans l'avenir|first=Yves|last=Lenoble|year=2020|publisher=BoD|isbn=978-2382580141|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010049/https://books.google.com/books?id=0lcMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA103|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy malitere inwe mmasị n’ịgụ kpakpando mgbe ọ gara hụ onye na-agụ kpakpando André Barbault n’etiti afọ 1960 ndị ahụ.<ref name="HardySix">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Six"</ref> Ọ gara ọmụmụ ọha na eze, mụtara otu esi arụpụta [[birth chart|chaatị ọmụmụ]], ma gụọ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ pụrụ iche tupu ya ezute Catherine Aubier, onye tụrụ aro ka Hardy mụta n’aka onye nkụzi ya.<ref name="HardySix" /> Madame Godefroy kụziri Hardy ịgụ kpakpando ọdịnala ruo afọ abụọ na Paris.<ref name="HardySix" /> Ọ ghọrọ onye raara onwe ya nye nke ukwuu n’ọrụ a mgbe ọ zutere Nicola n’afọ 1974, onye kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke magazin ọhụrụ ọ na-arụpụta.<ref name="HardySix" /> Onye ọbụ abụ ahụ kọwara Nicola dịka “onye na-agụ kpakpando kacha mma n’ụwa”<ref name="clash">{{cite web|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/another-person-fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-interviewed|access-date=6 May 2021|date=23 April 2018|first=Hayley|last=Scott|work=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]|title=Another Person: Françoise Hardy Interviewed|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506054623/https://www.clashmusic.com/features/another-person-fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-interviewed|url-status=dead|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506054623/https://www.clashmusic.com/features/another-person-fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-interviewed}}</ref> ma dee, sị: “Ọ bụ ya mere ka m ghọta ịgụ kpakpando n’ụzọ nwere ọgụgụ isi ma kụziere m otu esi eji ya nke ọma n’akụkụ ya.”<ref name="HardySix" /> Ewezuga ịgụ kpakpando, [[Alejandro Jodorowsky]] kụzikwaara Hardy otu esi agụ [[Tarot of Marseilles]].<ref name="HardyTwelve">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Twelve"</ref> Dị ka ihe na-akwado ọmụmụ ya banyere ịgụ kpakpando, ọ gara ọmụmụ nke [[graphologist]] Germaine Tripier, onye bụ onye isi nke French Society of Graphology.<ref name="HardyTwelve" /> N’etiti oge ndekọ egwu maka album ya ''Gin Tonic'' na 1979, Hardy rụkọrọ ọrụ n’usoro akwụkwọ gbasara akara zodiac nke Tchou Editions bipụtara, ma sonye n’ide akwụkwọ banyere [[Virgo (astrology)|Virgo]]<ref name="HardyEleven">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Eleven"</ref> ya na onye ọzọ na-agụ kpakpando, Béatrice Guénin.<ref name="HardyEleven" /> Ọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na magazin ''Quinze Ans''.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> N’ọgwụgwụ afọ 1980, Pierre Lescure nke ụlọ mgbasa ozi redio [[RMC (France)|RMC]] kpọrọ Hardy ka ọ na-enye horoscope kwa ụbọchị na mmemme kwa izu.<ref name="HardyEleven" /> N’afọ 1982, Hardy malitere usoro mgbasa ozi ọhụrụ kwa izu a kpọrọ ''Entre les lignes, entre les signes'', nke ọ na-ajụ ndị ama ama n’ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ n’egwu ajụjụ dabere na chaatị ọmụmụ ha, ebe graphologist Anne-Marie Simmond, onye Hardy mụtara n’aka ya, na-emepụta nkọwa gbasara àgwà ha site n’aka ha dere.<ref name="HardyTwelve" /> E bipụtara nchịkọta ajụjụ ọnụ ndị ahụ na profaịlụ ndị ahụ site na RMC na 1986.<ref>{{cite book|title=Entre les lignes, entre les signes|author-link=Françoise Hardy|last1=Hardy|first1=Françoise|last2=Simmond|first2=Annne-Marie|language=French|publisher=[[RMC (France)|RMC Edition]]|year=1986|location=France|isbn=978-2868550064}}</ref><ref name="independent05" /> N’afọ 1990, Hardy gara n’ihu n’ọrụ ya banyere ịgụ kpakpando site n’ide akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Switzerland ''[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]]'' ma bụrụkwa onye na-ahụ maka akụkụ kwa izu n’usoro ihe omume [[Thierry Ardisson]] a kpọrọ ''Télé Zèbre'' na [[Antenne 2]].<ref name="QuinoneroPour">Quinonero, 2017, "Là pour personne ?"</ref> Na 7 Mee 2003, Hardy bipụtara ''Les rythmes du zodiaque'', akwụkwọ o were ihe karịrị afọ abụọ dee, nke o kwuru na ebumnuche ya bụ “akwụkwọ ga-enye m ohere itinye obere onyinye m n’ịgụ kpakpando nke oge a.”<ref name="HardyEighteen">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Eighteen"</ref> == Ọrụ ide akwụkwọ == N’afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Hardy ghọrọ onye odee akwụkwọ [[akụkọ ifo]] na akwụkwọ [[na-abụghị akụkọ ifo]]. O dekwara akụkọ ndụ ya, ''Le désespoir des singes... et autres bagatelles (Nkụda Mmụọ Ndị Enwe... na Ihe Ndị Ọzọ Na-adịghị Mkpa)'', nke e bipụtara na 9 Ọktoba 2008. A rere akwụkwọ ahụ ihe ruru mkpụrụ 250,000 ma bụrụ [[bestseller]] na France.<ref name="ledevoir12">{{cite web |last=Cormier |first=Sylvain |date=17 November 2012 |title=Françoise Hardy, d'amour dévorée, d'amour nourrie |trans-title=Françoise Hardy, ịhụnanya riri ya, ịhụnanya zụlitere ya |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/musique/364069/francoise-hardy-d-amour-devoree-d-amour-nourrie |access-date=12 May 2021 |work=[[Le Devoir]] |language=French}}</ref> E mechara tụgharịa akwụkwọ ahụ n’asụsụ Spanish ma ụlọ mbipụta akwụkwọ nnwere onwe Expediciones Polares nke dị na [[San Sebastián]] bipụta ya n’afọ 2017.<ref name="simios">{{cite web|language=Spanish|url=https://www.efeeme.com/la-desesperacion-de-los-simios-y-otras-bagatelas-de-francoise-hardy/|date=14 March 2017|access-date=21 May 2021|first=Javier|last=De Castro|title="La desesperación de los simios... y otras bagatelas", de Françoise Hardy|publisher=Efe Eme|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613114902/https://www.efeeme.com/la-desesperacion-de-los-simios-y-otras-bagatelas-de-francoise-hardy/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mbipụta Bekee nke Jon E. Graham tụgharịrị ka [[Feral House]] bipụtara na 2018.<ref name="monkeyreview">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/28/despair-of-monkeys-other-trifles-francoise-hardy-review|date=28 July 2018|access-date=12 May 2021|first=Anthony|last=Quinn|title=The Despair of Monkeys and Other Trifles review – Françoise Hardy's memoir|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012534/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/28/despair-of-monkeys-other-trifles-francoise-hardy-review|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Françoise Hardy 2012 c.jpg|thumb|left|Hardy na-ewebata akwụkwọ [[novel]] mbụ ya ''L'amour fou'' na Paris, Novemba 2012]] N’afọ 2012, Hardy bipụtara [[novel]] mbụ ya, ''L'amour fou'', n’ụlọ mbipụta [[Éditions Albin Michel]]. E wepụtara ya n’otu oge ahụ na album egwu nwere otu aha ahụ.<ref name="lapresse">{{cite news|url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/musique/entrevues/201211/21/01-4596063-francoise-hardy-comment-tecrire-adieu.php|title=Françoise Hardy : comment t'écrire adieu...|access-date=21 May 2021|work=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]|language=French|first=Marie-Christine|last=Blais|date=21 November 2012|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521044417/https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/musique/entrevues/201211/21/01-4596063-francoise-hardy-comment-tecrire-adieu.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ malitere ide akụkọ ahụ, nke gbasara mmekọrịta ịhụnanya jupụtara n’ịrapara n’ahụ mmadụ nke ukwuu, ihe dị ka afọ iri atọ tupu ahụ,<ref name="lapresse" /> mana o debere akwụkwọ edemede ahụ n’akụkụ ma enweghị atụmatụ ibipụta ya. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya gbara ya ume ka o mee ya, ma ọ kwetara mgbe enyi ya Jean-Marie Périer kwadoro ya.<ref name="avisfigaro">{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2012/11/09/03006-20121109ARTFIG00244-francoise-hardy-je-suis-une-angoissee.php|title=Françoise Hardy : " Je suis une angoissée "|access-date=21 May 2021|work=[[Le Figaro]]|first1=Pierre|last1=De Boishue|last2=Nuc|first2=Olivier|date=9 November 2012|language=French|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521051421/https://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2012/11/09/03006-20121109ARTFIG00244-francoise-hardy-je-suis-une-angoissee.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy chere na ọ dabara adaba ibipụta akwụkwọ ahụ iji mee emume afọ iri ise nke ọrụ egwu ya, ebe ọ kọwara ya dịka “akụkọ nke ghọrọ isi mmalite ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ abụ m niile kemgbe mmalite.”<ref name="avisfigaro" /> N’afọ 2013, ụlọ mbipụta Edizioni Clichy nke dị na [[Florence]] bipụtara ụdị Italian nke akwụkwọ ahụ.<ref>{{cite book|isbn=978-8867990214|year=2013|orig-year=2012|trans-title=L'amour fou|language=Italian|location=Florence|publisher=Edizioni Clichy|title=L'amore folle|author-link=Françoise Hardy|first=Françoise|last=Hardy|translator-last1=Conti|translator-first1=Antonella}}</ref> Mgbe album ''La pluie sans parapluie'' na ''L'Amour fou'' rere ahịa nke ọma adịghị, Hardy kpebiri ịhapụ egwu ntakịrị ma tinye uche ya n’ide akwụkwọ.<ref name="avisnon">{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Musique/Message-personnel-de-Francoise-Hardy-720438|access-date=21 May 2021|language=French|work=[[Paris Match]]|date=3 August 2015|title=Message personnel de Françoise Hardy|first=Marie-France|last=Chatrier|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521043114/https://www.parismatch.com/People/Musique/Message-personnel-de-Francoise-Hardy-720438|url-status=live}}</ref> Nke a butere [[essay]] ''Avis non autorisés'' ''(Echiche E Nyeghị Ikike)'', nke e bipụtara na 2015 site n’ụlọ mbipụta [[Éditions des Équateurs]], ebe ọ kọwara nsogbu ndị mmadụ na-eche ihu mgbe ha na-eru [[ịka nká]].<ref name="avisnon" /><ref name="avispoint">{{cite web |last=Mirande |first=Jean-Noël |date=3 April 2015 |title=Les vérités nues de Françoise Hardy |trans-title=Eziokwu doro anya nke Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/les-verites-nues-de-francoise-hardy-04-03-2015-1909777_3.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521043115/https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/les-verites-nues-de-francoise-hardy-04-03-2015-1909777_3.php |archive-date=21 May 2021 |access-date=21 May 2021 |work=[[Le Point]] |language=French}}</ref> N’akwụkwọ a, o kesakwara echiche ya banyere ihe ndị na-eme ugbu a n’ụwa, nke ọtụtụ ndị kpọrọ echiche “na-adịghị agbaso [[Political correctness|izi ezi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]].”<ref name="avisnon" /> ''Avis non autorisés'' ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa akwụkwọ.<ref name="figaroavis" /> Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, o bipụtara ''Un cadeau du ciel (Onyinye Si N’Eluigwe)'', ebe ọ tụlere ahụmahụ ya n’ụlọ ọgwụ na Maachị 2015 n’ihi ọrịa kansa, oge ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ.<ref name="figaroavis">{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2016/10/17/03005-20161017ARTFIG00258-francoise-hardy-se-livre-sur-sa-maladie.php|language=French|access-date=12 May 2021|work=[[Le Figaro]]|date=17 October 2016|title=Françoise Hardy se livre sur sa maladie|first=Mohammed|last=Aïssaoui|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072217/https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2016/10/17/03005-20161017ARTFIG00258-francoise-hardy-se-livre-sur-sa-maladie.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Ná mbido afọ ndị 2020, mgbe ọ naghịzi enwe ike ịga n’ihu na-abụ abụ ma kwuo na ọ “nweghị ihe ọzọ ọ ga-eme”, Hardy tinyere oge ya n’ịchịkọta [[song book]], ''Chansons sur toi et nous'', nchịkọta nke okwu abụ ya niile tinyere nkọwa ya. E bipụtara ''Chansons sur toi et nous'' n’afọ 2021 site n’ụlọ mbipụta Éditions des Équateurs.<ref name="ledevoir21" /> ==Ọrụ nka== ===Ụdị egwu=== :Ihe kpaliri m ide egwu m bụ, n'otu akụkụ, nchegbu m. N'ọtụtụ egwu, ekwuwo m egwu m nke ịghara ịrụ ọrụ ahụ na nke ịhapụ m gakwuru onye ọzọ ''a priori'' otu puku ugboro na-adọrọ mmasị ma na-adọrọ adọrọ karịa m. Egwu nke na-abụghị nke na-enweghị isi... — Hardy, ''[[L'Express]]'', 2013.<ref name="anxiety">{{cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/psycho/l-anxiete-pour-francoise-hardy-j-y-puise-en-partie-mon-inspiration_1251314.html|title=L'anxiété pour Françoise Hardy: "J'y puise en partie mon inspiration"|language=French|work=[[L'Express]]|first1=Delphine|last1=Peras|first2=Marion|last2=Guérin|first3=Christophe|last3=Carrière|date=23 May 2013|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072144/https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/bien-etre/psycho/l-anxiete-pour-francoise-hardy-j-y-puise-en-partie-mon-inspiration_1251314.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na egwu Hardy kpuchiri ọtụtụ [[ụdị egwu|ụdị egwu]], o jisiri ike nwee ụda pụrụ iche site na mmalite ọrụ ya<ref name="glide">{{cite web|url=https://glidemagazine.com/152060/french-songstress-francoise-hardy-gets-reissue-treatment-album-review/|title=French Songstress Françoise Hardy Gets Reissue Treatment (ALBUM REVIEW)|last=Ferguson|first=Maeri|work=Glide Magazine |date=13 November 2015|access-date=15 May 2021|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515073447/https://glidemagazine.com/152060/french-songstress-francoise-hardy-gets-reissue-treatment-album-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> which was defined by breathy [[alto]] vocals<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|access-date=6 May 2021|title=Françoise Hardy|last=Jurek|first=Thom|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-mn0000186594/biography|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122007/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-mn0000186594/biography|url-status=live}}</ref> na ihe na-amasịkarị abụ ndị na-eme ka obi daa mba.<ref name="popmatters">{{cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/francoise-hardy-essay-2569397045.html|access-date=10 May 2021|publisher=[[PopMatters]]|title=Capricorn vs. Cancer: The Story of French Singer-songwriter Françoise Hardy|date=17 May 2018|last=Marie|first=Brett|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510175417/https://www.popmatters.com/francoise-hardy-essay-2569397045.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="QuinoneroTete">Quinonero, 2017, "« es chansons plein la tête»"</ref> Basile Farkas nke ''[[Rock & Folk]]'' kọwara ya dị ka "eze nwanyị nke mwute",<ref name="rocknfolk">{{cite web|url=https://www.rocknfolk.com/interview/francoise-hardy-les-guitares-electriques-planantes-cest-ce-dont-jai-reve-toute-ma-vie/4087|language=French|access-date=15 May 2021|last=Farkas|first=Basile|date=20 May 2018|work=[[Rock & Folk]]|title=Les guitares électriques planantes, c'est ce dont j'ai rêvé toute ma vie|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516062953/https://www.rocknfolk.com/interview/francoise-hardy-les-guitares-electriques-planantes-cest-ce-dont-jai-reve-toute-ma-vie/4087|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy n'onwe ya kwuru na 2012: "N'egwu, ihe kacha amasị m bụ egwu dị nwayọ na nke mwute... Ọ bụghị n'ụzọ na-ada ada, kama n'ụzọ na-ebuli elu... M ka na-achọ ịhụ egwu na-agbawa obi nke ga-eme ka anya mmiri gbaa m. Egwu nke àgwà ya na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị nsọ."<ref name="QuinoneroTete" /> Cosette Schulz nke ''[[Exclaim!]]'' kọwara ya dị ka "ọkachamara n'ịmepụta egwu dị mfe mana mara mma".<ref name="exclaim" /> Ndị edemede ejirila egwu Hardy tụnyere nke onye na-abụ abụ Bekee [[Marianne Faithfull]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hm5OCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT15|access-date=11 May 2021|title=Brit Girls of the Sixties Volume Two: Marianne Faithfull & Kathy Kirby|first=David|last=Bret|author-link=David Bret|year=2014|isbn=978-1291801408|publisher=[[Lulu.com]]}}</ref> N'ịtụnyere ndị ọbụ abụ abụọ ahụ, Keith Altham nke ''[[The Guardian]]'' dere na 2014: "Ha abụọ na-abụ abụ mwute n'ụdị dị mfe nke ndị mmadụ. Ha abụọ nwere otu mmasị ahụ dịka ihere, iwe, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ijuanya gbasara ha. Ha abụọ nwere àgwà dị egwu, nke 'naanị onwe ha' gbasara olu ha nke chọrọ ọmịiko na nlebara anya."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/aug/20/marianne-faithfull-more-of-beatles-than-a-stones-fan-classic-interview|title=Marianne Faithfull: 'I'm more of a Beatles than a Stones fan' – a classic interview|last=Altham|first=Keith|access-date=17 May 2021|date=20 August 2014|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010647/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/aug/20/marianne-faithfull-more-of-beatles-than-a-stones-fan-classic-interview|url-status=live}}</ref> E wezụga egwu ndị mbụ o dere, ọtụtụ n'ime egwu ya nke afọ 1960 gụnyere ụdị ndị omenkà si mba ọzọ nke gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere ndị America [[òtù ụmụ agbọghọ]], ndị mbụ [[rockabilly]], ndị tupu Beatles [[egwu rock nke Britain|egwu rock na roll nke Britain]], [[egwu obodo]], [[egwu ọdịnala nke oge a|egwu ọdịnala]], [[folk-rock]] na, ruo n'ókè dị nta, [[doo-wop]] na [[Mkpụrụ obi egwu|mkpụrụ obi]].<ref name="originales" /> Isi okwu ndị na-apụtakarị n'egwú ya bụ mwute, ihe mgbu nke onwe, [[Obi gbawara agbawa | ihe mgbu obi]], [[ịhụnanya otu akụkụ]], enweghị ụra, ike ọgwụgwụ, [[naanị onwe]], na njide onwe onye.<ref name="QuinoneroRouge" /><ref name="popmatters" /> A tụkwanyere okwu ya [[deadpan]], nke e ji "ikuku dị jụụ na nke na-adịghị ekpo ọkụ" mara, tụnyere nke onye na-abụ abụ German [[Nico (onye na-abụ abụ)|Nico]].<ref name="blurt">{{cite web |last=Kopp |first=Bill |date=14 October 2014 |title=BEYOND THE VALLEY OF THE FRANCOPHILES: Françoise Hardy |url=https://blurtonline.com/feature/beyond-the-valley-of-the-francophiles-francoise-hardy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505152753/https://blurtonline.com/feature/beyond-the-valley-of-the-francophiles-francoise-hardy/ |archive-date=5 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |work=[[Blurt (magazine)|Blurt]] |accessdate=4 June 2026 |archivedate=5 May 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505152753/https://blurtonline.com/feature/beyond-the-valley-of-the-francophiles-francoise-hardy/ }}</ref> [[File:Francoise Hardy ad.jpg|thumb|Hardy na 1965|172x172px]] A maara Hardy maka ịkpachara anya n'egwu ya, dịka mkpebi ya ịhapụ ụlọ ihe nkiri French dị ala maka ụlọ ihe nkiri dị elu na London.<ref name="Deluxe60" /> Ka ọ na-etolite, Hardy malitere ide abụ nke na-eme ka obi dajụọ ya, mana ọ họrọkwara n'ime ọrụ ndị ọkachamara na-edu ndú.<ref name="sixties" /> Onye mmepụta [[Erick Benzi]] chetara: "Site na mgbe ọ dị afọ 18, ọ maara na ọ dị iche. O nwere ike ịga n'ihu ndị omenkà ukwu dịka [[Charles Aznavour]] wee sị, 'Abụ gị dị egwu, achọghị m ịbụ ya.' Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ dara ghi n'okwu ya."<ref name="uncut" /> [[Tony Cox (record producer)|Tony Cox]] chetara ahụmịhe ya na Hardy na-arụkọ ọrụ: "Françoise dị mma n'ihi na ọ na-enwe mmasị n'ihe dị iche iche karịa ka ọ na-adịkarị. E nwere ntakịrị nke Left Bank{{refn|group=note|name=Left Bank}} gbasara ya - ọ bụghị onye na-abụ abụ pop nkịtị gị, nke ahụ bụ eziokwu."<ref name="uncut" /><ref name="ledevoir21">{{cite web |last=Cormier |first=Sylvain |date=15 May 2021 |title="Chansons sur toi et nous": les mots de la parolière |trans-title="Songs about you and us": the lyricist's words |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/lire/601112/chansons-sur-toi-et-nous-les-mots-de-la-paroliere |access-date=30 May 2021 |work=[[Le Devoir]] |language=French}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-akwado [[yé-yé]] nke ukwuu, ọ dị iche na ndị ọgbọ ya n'ide ọtụtụ ihe o dere.<ref name="originales" /><ref name="npr" /> A makwaara ya maka ime ka nkà ya dị ka onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-akụ egwu dị ala.<ref name="internautes">{{cite web |last=Ollivier |first=Stéphane |date=7 July 2000 |title=L'interview des internautes : Françoise Hardy |trans-title=The internet users' interview: Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/linterview-des-internautes-francoise-hardy-98657-07-07-2000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143831/https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/linterview-des-internautes-francoise-hardy-98657-07-07-2000/ |archive-date=10 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]] |language=French}}</ref> Ihe ndị o dere emeghị ka ọ dị ka ọ na-emebu, dịka o gwara''Rock & Folk'' na 2018: "Aghọtara m na ọ bụrụgodị na m mụta ihe, agaghị m enwe ike ime nke ọma dịka ezigbo ndị na-abụ abụ. Ọ bụ ya mere m ji chee na ọ kacha mma ịkpọbata ndị egwu ọrụ ha metụrụ m n'ahụ."<ref name="rocknfolk" /> === Mmetụta === N’oge mbụ, mmasị egwu ya bụ ndị na-abụ French ''[[chanson]]'', gụnyere Cora Vaucaire, [[Georges Guétary]], [[Charles Trenet]], na [[Jacques Brel]], ebe ọ bụ na n’afọ 1950s nke a bụ naanị egwu a na-akpọ na redio.<ref name="allmusic" /><ref name="melodides">{{cite web |last=Norot |first=Anne-Claire |date=7 July 2000 |title=Françoise Hardy : ses mélodies du bonheur |url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/francoise-hardy-ses-melodies-du-bonheur-98659-07-07-2000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508234645/https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/francoise-hardy-ses-melodies-du-bonheur-98659-07-07-2000/ |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]] |language=French}}</ref><ref name="radio" /> O kwuru na Trenet metụrụ ya n’obi karịa ndị ọzọ n’ihi na egwu ya “na-ewute ma dịkwa nro”.<ref>{{cite web |last=Médioni |first=Gilles |date=21 November 2011 |title=Le musée imaginaire de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/le-musee-imaginaire-de-francoise-hardy_1189809.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508232040/https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/le-musee-imaginaire-de-francoise-hardy_1189809.html |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |work=[[L'Express]] |language=French}}</ref> Hardy bụkwa nnukwu onye na-akwado onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede egwu [[Barbara (singer)|Barbara]], bụ onye kpaliri ya ide abụ nke ya.<ref name="uncut" /> N’oge mmalite 1960s, e webatara ya na rock and roll nke asụsụ Bekee na [[Brill Building pop]] site na [[Radio Luxembourg]] ma were mmụọ nsọ site n’aka ndị omenkà dịka [[Brenda Lee]],<ref name="vie" /> [[the Everly Brothers]], [[the Shadows]], [[Cliff Richard]], [[Neil Sedaka]], [[Connie Francis]], ma karịsịa [[Elvis Presley]] na [[Paul Anka]].<ref name="allmusic" /><ref name="Deluxe57">Deluxe, 2013. p. 57</ref><ref name="melodides" /><ref name="life">{{cite web |last=Moreland |first=Quinn |date=15 October 2020 |title=French Icon Françoise Hardy on the Music of Her Life |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/5-10-15-20/french-icon-francoise-hardy-on-the-music-of-her-life/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427230731/https://pitchfork.com/features/5-10-15-20/french-icon-francoise-hardy-on-the-music-of-her-life/ |archive-date=27 April 2021 |access-date=27 April 2021 |publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> Hardy kwuru na ọ “juru ya anya kpamkpam” site n’aka ndị omenkà ndị a na-eto eto si mba ọzọ, wee malite ịgba egwu ma kpọọ guitar iji gbalịa iṅomi ha.<ref name="radio" /> O chetara na 2008: “Ozugbo ahụ m jikọtara onwe m na ha, n’ihi na ha na-egosipụta ịnọ naanị n’oge ntorobịa na ihere, n’elu melodi ndị na-akpali karịa okwu ha”.<ref name="Hardy Two" /> Egwu Hardy n’akụkụ nke abụọ nke afọ iri ahụ tinyere mmetụta sitere na British Invasion pop phenomenon na “mweghachi siri ike nke ụkpụrụ ọdịnala French ''chanson'', ọ bụghị yé-yé ma ọ bụ ‘Left Bank’,{{refn|group=note|name=Left Bank|The "Left Bank" scene—named after the [[Rive Gauche|left bank of the Seine]]—was a subgenre of French ''chanson'' that emerged in the 1940s, characterized by its stripped-down sound and "emphasis on poetic craftsmanship".<ref>{{cite book|access-date=31 May 2021|pages=93–94|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KLrkA9LoIoC&pg=PA93|title=Music and the Elusive Revolution: Cultural Politics and Political Culture in France, 1968–1981|first=Eric|last=Drott|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0520268975|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010652/https://books.google.com/books?id=1KLrkA9LoIoC&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>}} kama nke ahụ, kama nke ịhụnanya”.<ref name="QuinoneroFleur">Quinonero, 2017, "«La plus belle des fleurs de ton jardin»"</ref> Album ya nke 1964 ''Mon amie la rose'' tinyere mmetụta sitere na usoro [[Wall of Sound]] nke [[Phil Spector]],<ref name="dois" /> yana onye na-ede egwu Italiant [[Ennio Morricone]].<ref name="p4kreviews" /> Onye guitar na onye nhazi si Brazil Tuca mere ka Hardy mata [[bossa nova]], nke mechara rute na album 1971 [[La question (album)|''La Question'']].<ref name="telerama16" /><ref name="franceinter">{{cite web |last1=Varrod |first1=Didier |date=16 July 2016 |title=Comment te dire Hardy |url=https://www.franceinter.fr/emissions/comment-te-dire-hardy/comment-te-dire-hardy-16-juillet-2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028022834/https://www.franceinter.fr/emissions/comment-te-dire-hardy/comment-te-dire-hardy-16-juillet-2016 |archive-date=28 October 2016 |access-date=27 October 2016 |publisher=[[France Inter]] |language=fr}}</ref> Hardy bụ onye na-enwe mmasị n’aka onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede egwu folk nke Bekee [[Nick Drake]].<ref name="nickdrake">{{cite book |last=Humphries |first=Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gu8xvkUc91cC&pg=PT190 |title=Nick Drake: The Biography |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1408841440 |access-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010655/https://books.google.com/books?id=Gu8xvkUc91cC&pg=PT190#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=12 June 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> O chetara: “Maka m, ọ bụghị nke omenala Britain pụrụ iche... Ọ bụ mkpụrụ obi na-apụta n’egwu ya kpatara m mmetụta miri emi—ihe ịhụnanya, uri... kamakwa melodi ndị a nụchara anụcha. Tinyere ụda olu ya pụrụ iche, nke na-eme ka obi mgbu nke ihe ahụ dum dịkwuo omimi.”<ref name="nickdrake" /> A na-ahụkarị na àgwà ha, olu ha, na mmasị ha n’ụda chords na harmony yiri ibe ha.<ref name="uncut" /> N’afọ 1972, album mbụ [[Véronique Sanson]] mere mmetụta n’ahụ Hardy, nke mere ka ọ malite iche na egwu nke ya aghọwo nke oge gara aga.<ref name="life" /> O kọwara echiche ya banyere Sanson n’akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya: “Ọ dị ka mmetụta Bekee na Amerịka nke yé-yé ji obi ụtọ na-eṅomi... e tinyere ya nke ọma ma mepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke tozuru oke n’egwu, ma bụrụkwa nke onwe.”<ref name="HardyEight" /> Mpụta ọrụ Hardy na 1996 ''Le danger'' tinyere mmetụta sitere na otu Bekee [[Portishead (band)|Portishead]]<ref name="allmusic" /> yana ụdị egwu [[grunge]], [[Britpop]], na [[roots rock]].<ref name="LeDanger" /><ref name="telerama16" /> ===Mmepe=== ====1962–1967==== Album mbụ Hardy zuru ogologo oge, ''Tous les garçons et les filles'', nke nwere mmetụ rockabilly, bụ nke kacha nso o ruru n’ụdị yé-yé. A maara album ahụ maka ndokwa dị mfe na nke minimalizim, nke gụnyere gita acoustic na electric, bass, na percussion nke nwere mmetụta jazz.<ref name="p4kreviews"/><ref name="yehyeh">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-yeh-yeh-girl-from-paris-mw0000385568|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|title=The Yeh-Yeh Girl from Paris – Françoise Hardy|first=Stewart|last=Mason|access-date=14 May 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513165924/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-yeh-yeh-girl-from-paris-mw0000385568|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dois"/> Album ya na-esote, ''Le premier bonheur du jour,'' tinyere ngwá ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya karị na uri egwu,<ref name="exclaim">{{cite web|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/francoise_hardy-tous_les_garcons_et_les_filles_le_premier_bonheur_du_jour_mon_amie_la_rose_lamitie_la_maison_ou_jai_grandi|access-date=15 May 2021|title=Françoise Hardy – Tous les garçons et les filles / Le premier bonheur du jour / Mon amie la rose / L'Amitié / La maison où j'ai grandi|date=14 October 2015|work=[[Exclaim!]]|first=Cosette|last=Schulz|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515074500/https://exclaim.ca/music/article/francoise_hardy-tous_les_garcons_et_les_filles_le_premier_bonheur_du_jour_mon_amie_la_rose_lamitie_la_maison_ou_jai_grandi|url-status=live}}</ref> jiri [[electric organ]] na nhazi eriri “na-ebe akwa”,<ref name="dois"/> ma tinye egwu sitere n’ụdị jazz na otu ụmụ agbọghọ America dịka [[the Crystals]] na [[the Ronettes]].<ref name="p4kreviews"/> N’etiti afọ 1960, egwu ya ghọrọ nke juputara ma baa ụba karị<ref name="uncut"/> mgbe ọ kwagara London ka ya na onye nhazi egwu [[Charles Blackwell (music arranger)|Charles Blackwell]] rụọ ọrụ, onye nyere ya ohere “iru ọkwa ọhụrụ nke sophistication.”<ref name="Deluxe60"/> Album ''Mon amie la rose,'' nke e wepụtara na 1964, gosiri mmụba n’ịdị mgbagwoju anya n’egwu ya, jiri olu siri ike karị na nyocha ọhụrụ n’usoro abụ.<ref name="exclaim"/><ref name="blurt"/> Ihe Hardy mere na 1965–66 gosiri uto na mmepe ụdị ya, na mmepụta ndị “si na ụda yeh-yé dị ntakịrị ma dị thin gaa n’ụdị rock nhazi zuru oke karị.”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-vogue-years-mw0000461878|title=The Vogue Years – Françoise Hardy|first=John|last=Bush|access-date=14 May 2021|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514175437/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-vogue-years-mw0000461878|url-status=live}}</ref> Ụda zuru oke nke album ya na-esote, ''L'amitié,'' bụ nke sara mbara nke ukwuu.<ref name="bestfit">{{cite web|url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articlestrack-by-track/francoise-hardy-reissues|work=[[The Line of Best Fit]]|access-date=16 May 2021|date=23 February 2016|title=The fleeting voice of a generation: Françoise Hardy's first five albums reassessed|last=Hayley|first=Scott|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516063437/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articlestrack-by-track/francoise-hardy-reissues|url-status=live|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=16 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516063437/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articlestrack-by-track/francoise-hardy-reissues}}</ref> Dị ka [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] Hazel Cills si kwuo: “Ọ bụ naanị ruo album nke ise ya, ''La maison où j'ai grandi,'' ka Hardy malitere inwe ụda tozuru etozu, nke [[Baroque pop|baroque]], nke dabara na omimi nke mwute ya na mgbagwoju ya.”<ref name="p4kreviews"/> Warfield chere na nke a bụ album ebe ọ “tọrọ ntọala nke ọma n’ụda ya, na-egosi anyị onye na-eme egwu anyị ka nwere ike ịmata ya ọbụna mgbe ọ dị afọ 70.”<ref name="dois"/> Na ''Ma jeunesse fout le camp,'' album ikpeazụ ya nke afọ 1960 e dekọrọ na London, ọ “kwagara n’ụdị ballad [[Orchestral pop|orchestrated pop]] nke tozuru etozu ma dị jụụ karị”<ref name="mjflc">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp-mw0000455346|title=Ma Jeunesse Fout Le Camp – Françoise Hardy|access-date=14 May 2021|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|author-link=Richie Unterberger|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507180645/https://www.allmusic.com/album/ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp-mw0000455346|url-status=live}}</ref> nke a kọwara dị ka “nkwedebe ya na oge yé-yé.”<ref name="trodaec">{{cite web |last=Trodaec |first=Michel |date=8 April 2020 |title=Les trésors de nos discothèques. Françoise Hardy a chanté tant de belles choses |trans-title=The treasures of our record collections. Françoise Hardy sang so many beautiful things. |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213817/https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=30 May 2021 |work=[[Ouest-France]] |language=French}}</ref> ==== 1968–1974 ==== Na nloghachi Hardy na ụlọ ndekọ French, 1968 ''Comment te dire adieu'' nwere ụdị [[Middle of the road (music)|MOR]] karịa ọrụ ya gara aga.<ref name="ctda">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/comment-te-dire-adieu-mw0000745282|title=Comment Te Dire Adieu – Françoise Hardy|access-date=14 May 2021|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|author-link=Richie Unterberger|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513000744/https://www.allmusic.com/album/comment-te-dire-adieu-mw0000745282|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richie Unterberger]] weere egwu ya dịka “ikekwe ọbụna nke jupụtara n’iru uju na mmetụta karịa ka ọ na-adị”.<ref name="ctda"/> Ka oge yé-yé na-apụ n’anya mgbe ngagharị [[May 68]] gasịrị na France, Hardy “gbanwere onwe ya bụrụ onye na-egosi folk-rock/jazz ''chanteuse'' nke na-adịghị mfe ịchọta” n’ọrụ ya n’afọ 1970s mbụ.<ref name="mattjames">{{cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/179429-francoise-hardy-message-personnel-40th-anniversary-edition-2495683722.html|title=Françoise Hardy: Message Personnel (40th Anniversary Edition)|access-date=11 May 2021|publisher=[[PopMatters]]|last=James|first=Matt|date=21 March 2014|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511133658/https://www.popmatters.com/179429-francoise-hardy-message-personnel-40th-anniversary-edition-2495683722.html|url-status=live}}</ref> O mepụtara ụdị dịkwuo tozuru etozu, nke na-adịchaghị pop, iji gosipụta akụkụ dị omimi nke onwe ya.<ref name="rfi"/> A kọwara ya dị ka “album mbụ Françoise Hardy nke dị ezigbo onwe”,<ref name="monroe"/> album 1971 ''La question,'' nke na-aga n’ụzọ ụda na-adịghị azụmahịa ma na-enweghị [[Hook (music)|hooks]] doro anya, weere dị ka mgbanwe dị mkpa n’ọrụ ya.<ref name="telerama16">{{cite web|url=http://www.telerama.fr/musique/francoise-hardy-en-question,140803.php|title=Françoise Hardy en question|last1=Rigoulet|first1=Laurent|date=9 April 2016|work=[[Télérama]]|publisher=Groupe Le Monde|access-date=25 October 2016|language=fr|archive-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026080152/http://www.telerama.fr/musique/francoise-hardy-en-question,140803.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2013/02/15/gente/1360951854_946751.html|title=La 'chanson' de la musa madura|last1=Galán|first1=Lola|date=15 February 2013|work=[[El País]]|publisher=Ediciones El País, S.L.|access-date=27 October 2016|language=es|quote=Atrás quedan los temas de su primera etapa, cancioncillas pegadizas de las que abomina. Hasta ''La question'', de 1971, a partir de la cual se inicia una segunda época de la que sí está orgullosa.|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012528/https://elpais.com/elpais/2013/02/15/gente/1360951854_946751.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n’ime ọrụ ya kacha dị jụụ, nwere nhazi ụda dị nro na nke akụrụngwa acoustic, gụnyere guitar, ntakịrị bass na orchestration dị nro.<ref name="originales"/><ref name="allmusicquestion">{{cite web| author-link=Richie Unterberger| url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/la-question-mw0000473522| last=Unterberger| first=Richie| title=La Question – Françoise Hardy| publisher=[[AllMusic]]| access-date=4 May 2014| archive-date=29 July 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729073948/http://www.allmusic.com/album/la-question-mw0000473522| url-status=live}}</ref> A kọwara olu Hardy dị ka “nke na-adọrọ adọrọ” na “nke dị nro”, mgbe ụfọdụ “[na-eji] hum melodic [[humming]] kama ịbụ abụ, na-egosipụta mmetụta nke abụ ahụ n’enweghị okwu.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musthear.com/music/reviews/francoise-hardy/la-question/|title=Françoise Hardy – La question|last=Ballon|first=John|date=6 October 2008|publisher=MustHear|access-date=10 November 2016|archive-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111200219/http://www.musthear.com/music/reviews/francoise-hardy/la-question/|url-status=live|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=11 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111200219/http://www.musthear.com/music/reviews/francoise-hardy/la-question/}}</ref> ''La question'' bụkwa oge mbụ Hardy sonyeere n’ịhọrọ nhazi strings maka ọrụ ya.<ref name="HardySeven">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Seven"</ref> Mgbe ''La question'' gasịrị, Hardy gara n’ihu n’ụzọ egwu folk na rock kpaliri ya.<ref name="QuinoneroRouge">Quinonero, 2017, "Le rouge et l'orange"</ref> Nke a mere ka onye nrụpụta [[Joe Boyd]] kwuo ka Nick Drake dee album abụ maka Hardy, nke Tony Cox ga-emepụta.<ref name="uncut">{{cite web|url=https://www.uncut.co.uk/features/francoise-hardy-interviewed-head-im-still-young-105862/|title=Françoise Hardy interviewed: "In my head I'm still very young"|access-date=9 May 2021|first=Tom|last=Pinnock|work=[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]|date=15 June 2018|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509061403/https://www.uncut.co.uk/features/francoise-hardy-interviewed-head-im-still-young-105862/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ndị abụọ ahụ zutere ọtụtụ oge, gụnyere nleta Nick Drake na nnọkọ ndekọ Hardy na London, ma a naghị eme atụmatụ ahụ.<ref name="uncut"/><ref name="nickdrake"/> Cox nwere mmasị ịrụ ọrụ na Hardy, ma n’ọnwa ikpeazụ nke 1971 dekọọ ''If You Listen'', nke jiri “otu ndị egwu British folk-rock kacha mma”.<ref name="uncut"/> N’ihi mmetụta Drake,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aquariumdrunkard.com/2020/02/28/the-lagniappe-sessions-yann-tiersen/|title=The Lagniappe Sessions: Yann Tiersen|access-date=15 May 2021|date=28 February 2020|publisher=[[Aquarium Drunkard]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515185819/https://aquariumdrunkard.com/2020/02/28/the-lagniappe-sessions-yann-tiersen/|url-status=live}}</ref> album ahụ gosipụtara nhazi “cinematic” nke na-etinye guitar acoustic na strings dị nro.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/if-you-listen-mw0000462501|title=If You Listen – Françoise Hardy|author-link=Richie Unterberger|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|access-date=14 May 2021|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514171245/https://www.allmusic.com/album/if-you-listen-mw0000462501|url-status=live}}</ref> N’otu afọ ahụ, Hardy wepụtara ''Et si je m'en vais avant toi'', nke tinyere mmetụta blues, folk, na rock nke America<ref name="QuinoneroRouge"/><ref name="orangenightfall">{{cite web|author=Waltersmoke|date=31 May 2014|title=Françoise HARDY – Et Si Je M'en Vais Avant Toi (1972)|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6784_franoise-hardy-et-si-je-m-en-vais-avant-toi.html|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|language=French|access-date=27 May 2021|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012437/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6784_franoise-hardy-et-si-je-m-en-vais-avant-toi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ma nwee, n’ụzọ pụrụ iche, ụda dị ntakịrị nke na-akpa ọchị na rhythm ndị na-adọrọ mmasị.<ref name="QuinoneroRouge"/> Hardy kpọrọ [[Michel Berger]], onye nrụpụta album mbụ Véronique Sanson, ka ọ duzie mmepụta album ya 1973 ''Message personnel.''<ref name="HardyEight"/> Album ahụ nwere nhazi nke [[Michel Bernholc]], onye duziri “otu rock band dị mfe na nke nwere strings jupụtara, [na-eme ka] olu Hardy dị nro ma na-adọrọ adọrọ pụta ìhè.”<ref name="mpr">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/message-personnel-mw0000728077|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=14 May 2021|title=Message Personnel – Françoise Hardy|first=Thom|last=Jurek|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072647/https://www.allmusic.com/album/message-personnel-mw0000728077|url-status=live}}</ref> Album ahụ nwere ọnọdụ jupụtara n’iru uju na nke na-enyo enyo, yana “ụda tozuru etozu, nke dị mma maka ndị okenye”.<ref name="mattjames"/> Ndekọ 1974 ''Entr'acte'' bụ mgbalị mbụ Hardy mere n’ime [[concept album]], nke nwere okwu na-akọ “usoro nke abalị otu oge n’etiti onye ọbịa na nwa agbọghọ, onye a hapụrụ n’ihi nwoke ọ hụrụ n’anya, na-achọ ịkwụ ya ụgwọ”.<ref name="HardyNine">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Nine"</ref> Ọ nwere nhazi orchestral nke [[Del Newman]], onye rụrụ ọrụ na album Elton John ''[[Goodbye Yellow Brick Road]]'' na album Cat Stevens ''[[Tea for the Tillerman]]''.<ref name="HardyNine"/> ==== 1975–2018 ==== Album ''Star,'' nke 1977, nke bụ ndekọ [[Jazz pop|''pop nwere ntụziaka jazz'']], bụ album mbụ Hardy mere ka Gabriel Yared hazie, onye mepụtara ihe ọ na-emepụta ruo afọ iri sochirinụ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6929_franoise-hardy-star.html|language=French|access-date=27 May 2021|title=Françoise HARDY – Star (1977)|author=Waltersmoke|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|date=18 July 2014|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527030741/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6929_franoise-hardy-star.html|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ 1978, ka [[disco]] na-achị ụlọ ọrụ egwu, Yared gbalịrị ime ka ụda ya kwekọọ na oge ahụ site na mwepụta nke ''Musique saoûle'', nke tinyere rhythms sitere na [[funk music]].<ref name="QuinoneroTonic">Quinonero, 2017, "Saoule au gin-tonic"</ref> Onye na-abụ egwu kwuru mgbe e mesịrị na ọ naghị adị ya mma ma na-eme ya ihere mgbe ọ na-abụ abụ n’elu rhythms egwu ịgba egwu.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic"/> Album nke 1988 ''Décalages,'' nke a ma ama maka ụda ya nwere ọtụtụ layers na ikuku pụrụ iche,<ref name="ledangerrocks">{{cite web|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/track-of-confinement-9-le-danger-de-francoise-hardy-147752-26-03-2020/|language=French|work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]]|title=Track of confinement #9 : Le Danger, de Françoise Hardy|date=26 March 2020|first=Franck|last=Vergeade|access-date=26 May 2021|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527023538/https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/track-of-confinement-9-le-danger-de-francoise-hardy-147752-26-03-2020/|url-status=live}}</ref> tinyere iji [[Synclavier]] synthesizer, n’agbanyeghị na onye na-abụ egwu achọghị ụda dijitalụ nke oge ahụ kama ọ họọrọ ụdị acoustic.<ref name="HardyThirteen"/> N’afọ 1996, site n’ike mmụọ nsọ sitere na [[alternative rock]] scene, Hardy gbanwere gaa n’ụdị egwu rock nke oge ọhụrụ, nke na-egosipụta ike na guitar, na album ''Le danger'', album mbụ ya mgbe afọ asaa gachara.<ref name="allmusic"/><ref name="LeDanger">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/le-danger-mw0000610510|author-link=Richie Unterberger|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=10 May 2021|title=Le Danger – Françoise Hardy|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509091056/https://www.allmusic.com/album/le-danger-mw0000610510|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]’s Jazz Monroe kọwara egwu ya dị ka "[[Adult contemporary music|adult-contemporary]] [[space rock]]".<ref name="monroe"/> Ụda siri ike na okwu nke album ahụ gosipụtara oge "ọchịchịrị nke ukwuu" nke onye na-abụ egwu nọ n’ime ya n’oge ahụ.<ref name="internautes"/> Ọdịda azụmaahịa nke ''Le danger'', tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, mere ka Hardy laghachi n’ụdị egwu ya dị nro na nke dị mfe maka album sochirinụ, ''[[Clair-obscur (album)|Clair-obscur]]'', nke pụtara n’afọ 2000,<ref name="internautes"/> ma album ise ikpeazụ ya gosipụtara ụda mara mma ma juputara n’obi mgbu na ntụgharị uche.<ref name="trodaec"/> Album 2006 ''(Parenthèses...)'' bụ nchịkọta duet iri na abụọ nwere mmepụta nke jiri obere tricks na mixing dị larịị, nke mere ka e jiri ya tụnyere ọrụ mbụ dị ọcha dịka ''La question''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/parenth%C3%A8ses-mw0000771851|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=23 May 2021|title=Parenthèses – Françoise Hardy|last=McClintock|first=J. Scott|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200637/https://www.allmusic.com/album/parenth%C3%A8ses-mw0000771851|url-status=live}}</ref> Tụnyere album ndị gara aga, album 2010 ''La pluie sans parapluie'' nwere ụda “na-enwu karịa”, nke ụfọdụ egwu ya dabere na drum na bass kama piano ma ọ bụ strings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/la-pluie-sans-parapluie-mw0001969720|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=23 May 2021|title=La Pluie Sans Parapluie – Françoise Hardy|last=Prunes|first=Mariano|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200638/https://www.allmusic.com/album/la-pluie-sans-parapluie-mw0001969720|url-status=live}}</ref> Album ya nke 2012 ''L'amour fou'' gosipụtara olu a na-abụ nke ọkara-abụ, ọkara-okwu, ma nwee ọnọdụ "nwere nnabata, nke na-atụgharị uche",<ref name="lefou">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/apr/11/francoise-hardy-amour-fou-review|title=Françoise Hardy: L'Amour Fou – review|access-date=13 May 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Caroline|last=Sullivan|date=11 April 2013|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072659/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/apr/11/francoise-hardy-amour-fou-review|url-status=live}}</ref> jiri piano “mara mma”, minor chords na brushed drums dị ka nkwado.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-francoise-hardy-l-amour-fou-emi-8571960.html|access-date=13 May 2021|title=Album: Françoise Hardy, L'Amour Fou (EMI)|date=13 April 2013|first=Simon|last=Price|work=[[The Independent]]|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513045612/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-francoise-hardy-l-amour-fou-emi-8571960.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okwu n’abụ nke album ikpeazụ ya, ''[[Personne d'autre]]'', nke pụtara n’afọ 2018, metụtara afọ ya na-aga n’ihu na echiche banyere ọnwụ ya. Ọ lanarịrị nnukwu nsogbu ahụike kemgbe mwepụta album gara aga,<ref name="monroe">{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/francoise-hardy-personne-dautre/|title=Françoise Hardy: Personne d'autre Album Review|first=Jazz|last=Monroe|access-date=10 May 2021|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511211858/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/francoise-hardy-personne-dautre/|url-status=live}}</ref> ma arụ olu ya n’album ahụ metụtara ọrịa ahụ.<ref name="allmusicpersonne" /> Isiokwu ojii nke okwu n’abụ nke ''Personne d'autre'' dị iche na ụda dị nro na nke nso nke onye na-abụ egwu jiri mara ya na mbụ.<ref name="monroe" /><ref name="allmusicpersonne">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=23 May 2021|title=Personne d'Autre – Françoise Hardy|first=Thom|last=Jurek|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200637/https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|url-status=live}}</ref> == Mmemme egwu dị ndụ == [[File:Francoise Hardy C'est La Rose.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Hardy ka ọ na-eme ihe n’egwu n’afọ 1968]] Na 11 Mee 1962, Hardy mere ngosipụta mbụ ya n’ihu ndị mmadụ dịka onye na-abụ abụ dị ndụ, ya na ndị ọzọ na-eto eto na-abụ abụ, n’emume Disco Revue gala dị na [[Nancy, France|Nancy]].<ref name="QuinoneroScenes">Quinonero, 2017, "Premières scènes"</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n’abalị ekeresimesi na [[Brussels]] ma sonyekwa n’ụzọ njem egwu gara nke ọma na [[Southern France]] site na njedebe afọ 1962 ruo mmalite afọ 1963.<ref name="QuinoneroScenes" /> N’ọnwa Febrụwarị 1963, ọ pụtara na mmemme telivishọn ''Cinq colonnes à la une'' ọnụ na [[Sylvie Vartan]] na [[Sheila (French singer)|Sheila]]. E mechara were ha dị ka arụsị atọ kachasị ukwuu nke oge yé-yé, onye ọ bụla n’ime ha na-anọchite anya ụdị nwa agbọghọ oge ọhụrụ dị iche iche.<ref name="QuinoneroGraces">Quinonero, 2017, "Les Trois Grâces"</ref> O mere ngosipụta mbụ ya na ụlọ egwu [[Olympia (Paris)|Olympia]] dị na Paris, ebe ọ bụ onye meghere mmemme maka [[Richard Anthony (singer)|Richard Anthony]].<ref name="HardyThree" /> N’agbata 26 Febrụwarị na 10 Eprel, Hardy sonyere na njem egwu Gala des Stars, nke Europe n° 1 na ''Salut les copains'' kwadoro.<ref name="QuinoneroEurovision">Quinonero, 2017, "«Gala des étoiles» et concours de l'Eurovision"</ref> N’etiti ụbọchị njem egwu ndị ahụ,<ref name="QuinoneroEurovision" /> ọ nọchitere Monaco anya na [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963|Eurovision Song Contest]] nke e mere na London, ebe ọ bụrụ abụ "{{lang|fr|[[L'amour s'en va]]|italic=no}}", ma nweta ọnọdụ nke ise site na isi 25, nke ọ kesara na onye France, [[Alain Barrière]].<ref>{{cite web |title=London 1963 |url=https://eurovision.tv/event/london-1963/final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330122650/https://eurovision.tv/event/london-1963/final |archive-date=30 March 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=Eurovision Song Contest}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pessis |first1=Jacques |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eDMYAQAAIAAJ |title=Chronique de la chanson française |last2=Leduc |first2=Emilie |date=2003 |publisher=Editions Chronique |isbn=9782205055214 |page=102 |language=fr |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072212/https://books.google.com/books?id=eDMYAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=12 June 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> N’agbata 7 Nọvemba na 18 Disemba 1963, Hardy pụtara ọzọ dịka onye meghere mmemme Anthony na Olympia dị na Paris ma nweta nkwado ọma sitere n’aka ndị nta akụkọ, ndị bụbu ndị na-akatọ ụzọ ọ si arụ ọrụ n’ihu ọha n’ihi ịdị nkịtị ya.<ref name="QuinoneroVoie">Quinonero, 2017, "Suivre sa voie"</ref> Na 11 Ọktoba, Hardy rụrụ ọrụ na [[Barcelona]], Spain, dịka akụkụ nke Great Gala nke anọ nke Sedería Española.<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> N’ọnwa Nọvemba, ọ malitere njem egwu mbụ ya na Italy, nke gara ọtụtụ obere obodo ndị dị n’akụkụ osimiri.<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> Onye na-abụ abụ ahụ nwekwara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na Portugal ma gaa [[Lisbon]] na njedebe afọ 1963 iji pụta na mmemme telivishọn dị iche iche.<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> Na 21 Febrụwarị 1964, Hardy kwalitere "Catch a Falling Star" na mmemme telivishọn Britain ''[[Ready Steady Go!]]''<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> ma n’otu mmemme ahụ kwa, ọ bụrụ "All Around the World". Ọ pụtakwara na [[Five O'Clock Club|''Ollie and Fred's Five O'Clock Club'']], ''[[Thank Your Lucky Stars (TV series)|Thank Your Lucky Stars]]'', na ''[[Top of the Pops]]''.<ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> Na United States, Hardy mere ngosipụta mbụ ya na mmemme ''[[Hullabaloo (TV series)|Hullabaloo]]'' nke [[NBC]], ebe ọ bụrụ "However Much", ụdị asụsụ abụọ nke abụ [[Charles Trenet]] "[[Que reste-t-il de nos amours ?]]", nakwa nsụgharị nke "[[The Girl from Ipanema]]".<ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> Hardy ghọrọ onye a ma ama n’otu ntabi anya na Germany mgbe ọ pụtara na telivishọn na 28 Eprel 1965 na ''Portrait in Musik'', usoro mmemme egwu e haziri ma duzie site n’aka Truck Branss.<ref name="HardyThree" /><ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> N’okpuru nrụgide sitere n’aka ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu ya nke France na Italy,<ref name="HardyThree" /> Hardy sonyere na [[Sanremo Music Festival 1966]], ebe ọ rutere n’ọkwa ikpeazụ site n’abụ "Parlami di te" nke [[Edoardo Vianello]] dere.<ref>{{cite book |last=Giannotti |first=Marcello |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o1HE8o8RTXgC&pg=PA233 |title=L'enciclopedia di Sanremo: 55 anni di storia del festival dalla A alla Z |publisher=Gremese Editore |year=2005 |isbn=978-8884403797 |page=233 |language=Italian |trans-title=The Sanremo Encyclopedia: 55 years of the festival's history from A to Z |access-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072142/https://books.google.com/books?id=o1HE8o8RTXgC&pg=PA233#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=12 June 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy nyere ngosipụta ndụ ikpeazụ atọ ya na [[Kinshasa]], Congo, n’ọnwa Juun 1967.<ref name="QuinoneroAnglais" /> Ọ na-enwe nsogbu [[stage fright|ụjọ ịpụta n’ihu ọha]],<ref name="HardySix" /><ref>{{cite web |date=17 January 2014 |title=Chanson singer Francoise Hardy turns 70 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/chanson-singer-francoise-hardy-turns-70/a-17369531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516210529/https://www.dw.com/en/chanson-singer-francoise-hardy-turns-70/a-17369531 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> nke mere ka ọ kwụsị ime mmemme egwu dị ndụ kpamkpam n’afọ 1968.<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="franceinfointerview">{{cite web |last=Vial |first=Michel |date=17 June 2016 |title=INTERVIEW. Françoise Hardy : "J'ai l'impression d'avoir tout dit, je ne crois pas que je puisse faire mieux" |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/musique/chanson-francaise/interview-francoise-hardy-quot-jai-limpression-davoir-tout-dit-je-ne-crois-pas-que-je-puisse-faire-mieuxquot_3305387.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012955/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/musique/chanson-francaise/interview-francoise-hardy-quot-jai-limpression-davoir-tout-dit-je-ne-crois-pas-que-je-puisse-faire-mieuxquot_3305387.html |archive-date=12 June 2024 |access-date=18 May 2021 |publisher=[[France Info]] |language=French}}</ref> ==Ngosipụta ọha== ===Àgwà mmadụ=== Dị ka onye a ma ama n’ihu ọha, a maara Hardy nke ọma n’ihi [[ihere]] ya na omume ya nke ịdị jụụ ma ghara ịmasị ịpụta ìhè n’ihu mmadụ,<ref name="uncut"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160830-why-we-should-celebrate-shyness|title=Why we should celebrate shyness|access-date=10 May 2021|last=Robson|first=David|publisher=[[BBC Future]]|date=31 August 2016|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060158/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160830-why-we-should-celebrate-shyness|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dois">{{cite web|url=https://drownedinsound.com/releases/19179/reviews/4149696|title=Album Review: Françoise Hardy – 2016 reissues|publisher=[[Drowned in Sound]]|date=15 January 2016|first=Russell|last=Warfield|access-date=11 May 2021|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115725/https://drownedinsound.com/releases/19179/reviews/4149696|url-status=dead|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=11 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115725/https://drownedinsound.com/releases/19179/reviews/4149696}}</ref> ma ndị na-ekiri ya na-ekwukarị banyere “agwa ya nke na-adịghị amasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dịka onye a ma ama.”<ref name="p4kreviews">{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/21098-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|access-date=13 May 2021|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|title=Françoise Hardy: Tous Les Garçons Et Les Filles / Le Premier Bonheur Du Jour / Mon Amie La Rose / La Maison Ou J'Ai Grandi / L'Amitié|first=Hazel|last=Cills|date=21 October 2015|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513183852/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/21098-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|url-status=live}}</ref> N’akwụkwọ ndụ ya na n’ajụjụ ọnụ dị iche iche, ọ na-ekwu n’ụzọ doro anya banyere ọgụ ya na [[anxiety]], [[self-doubt]], [[loneliness]] na [[inferiority complex]].<ref name="HardyThree"/><ref name="HardyEight">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Eight"</ref> Tom Pinnock nke ''Uncut'' kwuru na “ọ bụ n’ihi na ọ jụrụ iso egwuregwu nke [[showbusiness]] na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụdị [[icon]].”<ref name="uncut"/> Ọnọdụ ya nke ịbụ [[celebrity]] n’oge na-adịghị anya ghọrọ ihe na-enye ya nnukwu nsogbu, dịka o kwuru na 2011: “Ihe niile ahụ adịghị amasị m ma ọlị, tinyere ihe ndị na-esonyere ya, mgbe n’otu ntabi anya mmadụ ghọrọ onye a ma ama nke ukwuu. (...) [Ịrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ejiji ndị a ma ama] bụ ọrụ, ihe ndị m ga-eme, ọrụ na-agwụ ike—ọ dịghị amasị m ma ọlị... Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka mmadụ nwee ahụ iru ala mgbe a na-enwe mmasị n’ebe ya nọ nke ukwuu—ọ bụghị ọnọdụ nkịtị. Nke ahụ anaghị amasị m ma ọlị. Eziokwu bụ na anaghị m enwe ahụ iru ala n’ọrụ ndụ m n’ezie, ya mere okwu ‘icon’—ọ dị ka a na-ekwu maka onye ọzọ, ọ bụghị m n’ezie.”<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0118bgw|title=Falling for Francoise|date=21 May 2011|publisher=Falling Tree Productions. [[BBC Radio 4 Extra]]|access-date=22 May 2011|medium=radio program|others=Andrew, John (interviewer); Hall, Alan (producer)|archive-date=16 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516170724/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0118bgw|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ naghịkwa enwe mmasị n’ụzọ ndụ nke [[jet-set]] na [[High society (social class)|ndị nọ n’ọkwa elu nke ọha mmadụ]].<ref name="allmusic" /><ref name="HardyThree" /> === Onye Na-ebute Ụzọ N’Ụwa Ejiji === [[File:Francoise Hardy in Venice.jpg|thumb|Hardy (nke e sere na Venice na 1966) nwere ntutu isi ya nke kpuchiri ọkpọiso ya na akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọcha ya, bụ́ ndị a na-ewere dịka ọdịdị pụrụ iche ya.]] Dị ka onye na-ese ya foto na onye nnọchi anya ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ naanị ya n’ime afọ iri ahụ,<ref name="Deluxe58"/> Jean-Marie Périer ghọrọ ụdị onye yiri [[Pygmalion (mythology)|Pygmalion]] nye ya,<ref name="rfi"/><ref name="Deluxe29">Deluxe, 2013. p. 29</ref><ref name="tentaciones"/> ma gbanwee onyonyo ọha nke onye na-agụ egwú ahụ site n’ịbụ “nwa agbọghọ akwụkwọ na-eme ihere ma na-enweghị ntụkwasị obi n’ile anya” gaa n’ịbụ “nwata nwanyị oge a na-eduzi usoro ejiji ọhụrụ.”<ref name="rfi"/> O dere sị: “…[Périer] gbalịrị ime ka echiche m mepee ma nyere m aka n’akụkụ ndụ niile site n’obiọma pụrụ iche ya ... n’okpuru nduzi ya ka m ghọtara mkpa mma na ọdịdị, nke ghọrọ otu n’ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa m na-atụle. Ọ kụziri m otu esi ebu onwe m ma esi eyi uwe, ma nyekwa m ndụmọdụ gbasara omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.”<ref name="HardyThree"/> Ọ mere ka onye na-agụ egwú ahụ malite ịrụ ọrụ [[Model (person)|nlereanya ejiji]], ma n’oge na-adịghị anya ọ ghọrọ “kpakpando nke ụwa ejiji mba ụwa yana nke ụwa egwu France.”<ref name="rfi"/> Ndị na-ese foto dịka [[Gered Mankowitz]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/photos/10-iconic-rock-stars-shot-by-the-legendary-gered-mankowitz-1427944|title=10 Iconic Rock Stars Shot By The Legendary Gered Mankowitz|work=[[NME]]|access-date=15 May 2021|first=Emily|last=Barker|date=12 September 2013|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515195049/https://www.nme.com/photos/10-iconic-rock-stars-shot-by-the-legendary-gered-mankowitz-1427944|url-status=live}}</ref> [[William Klein (photographer)|William Klein]] na [[Richard Avedon]] sere ya foto maka ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="nytimes"/> Ịpụta ya ugboro ugboro n’ihu mkpuchi magazin mere ka a mara ya dịka ihe atụ kachasị pụta ìhè nke nwanyị French a na-etinye n’ihu mkpuchi magazin n’afọ ndị 1960.<ref name="tentaciones"/><ref name="mortality"/><ref name="npr"/> N’afọ 1968, Hardy gwara otu onye nta akụkọ, sị: “Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n’ihi ụzọ m si eji uwe, ọ dịghị onye ga-achọpụta m.”<ref name="achieve" /> N’otu aka ahụ, ọ gwara ''[[Vanity Fair (magazines)|Vanity Fair]]'' na 2018, sị: “Egwu m enweghị nnukwu mmasị ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmepụta egwu Anglo-Saxon. Ya mere, m tinyere obi m n’iyi uwe ọma oge ọ bụla m gara London ma ọ bụ New York. Karịsịa, abụ m onye nnọchianya ejiji.”<ref name="vanityfair" /> Dị ka otu n’ime ndị a na-akpọ “[["it girl"]]<ref name="independent05" />” na onye ndu n’ụwa ejiji,<ref name="id" /> a na-ewere Hardy dịka ihe nnọchianya zuru oke nke “Nwanyị Oge A”<ref name="mattjames" /> nakwa nke ụdị [[chic]] French nke afọ ndị 1960<ref name="sixties">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/arts-don-t-talk-to-me-about-the-sixties-1337101.html|title=Arts: Don't talk to me about the Sixties|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128125214/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/arts-don-t-talk-to-me-about-the-sixties-1337101.html|archive-date=28 January 2021|access-date=15 May 2021|date=14 June 1996|first=Philip|last=Sweeney|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref name="independent05">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/belle-star-1528822.html|title=Belle star|access-date=20 May 2021|date=5 February 2005|work=[[The Independent]]|last=McNair|first=James|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330044111/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/belle-star-1528822.html|archive-date=30 March 2019}}</ref> na [[Coolness|ịdị jụụ na ịdị mma]],<ref name="Deluxe64">Deluxe, 2013. p. 64</ref><ref name="thetimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list/profile/article/francoise-hardy-2rzqtxjzplr|title=Françoise Hardy|date=8 January 2005|access-date=15 May 2021|work=[[The Times]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012959/https://cdn.privacy-mgmt.com/wrapper/v2/messages?hasCsp=true&env=prod&body=%7B%22accountId%22%3A259%2C%22campaignEnv%22%3A%22prod%22%2C%22campaigns%22%3A%7B%22ccpa%22%3A%7B%22alwaysDisplayDNS%22%3Afalse%2C%22hasLocalData%22%3Afalse%2C%22targetingParams%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%2C%22gdpr%22%3A%7B%22consentStatus%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22targetingParams%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%2C%22clientMMSOrigin%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.privacy-mgmt.com%22%2C%22hasCSP%22%3Atrue%2C%22includeData%22%3A%7B%22localState%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22string%22%7D%2C%22actions%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22RecordString%22%7D%2C%22cookies%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22RecordString%22%7D%7D%2C%22propertyHref%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%22%2C%22propertyId%22%3A5049%7D&localState=null&metadata=%7B%22ccpa%22%3A%7B%22applies%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22gdpr%22%3A%7B%22applies%22%3Afalse%7D%7D&nonKeyedLocalState=null&ch=446710079449740212bce6&scriptVersion=4.23.0&scriptType=unified|url-status=live}}</ref> nke a maara nke ọma n’ihi nhọrọ uwe ya ndị gara n’ihu oge ha na ụdị [[futuristic fashion]] ya.<ref name="uncut" /><ref name="vanguardistes" /> Brett Marie nke [[PopMatters]] kwuru na “echiche ya banyere ejiji na ahụ ya yiri nke ndị nlereanya nke afọ ndị 1960 mere ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi ejiji dịka ọ bụkwa kpakpando n’ụlọ ọrụ egwu.”<ref name="popmatters" /> O chetara na 2008 na n’oge mmalite afọ ndị 1960, ahụ ya dị gịrịgịrị nke na-eme ka ihere na-eme ya ghọrọ ihe a na-ewere dị ka ejiji n’oge ahụ.<ref name="ellefr" /> A malitere ile ya anya dịka “''égérie''” ma ọ bụ mmụọ nsọ nye ndị nrụpụta ejiji France kachasị ama n’oge ahụ,<ref name="Deluxe63">Deluxe, 2013. p. 63</ref> gụnyere [[André Courrèges]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/le-mag/mode-et-beaute/le-couturier-andre-courreges-est-mort-92-ans-3958816|title=Mort d'André Courrèges, le couturier fétiche de Françoise Hardy|access-date=13 May 2021|date=1 August 2016|language=French|work=[[Ouest-France]]|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214342/https://www.ouest-france.fr/le-mag/mode-et-beaute/le-couturier-andre-courreges-est-mort-92-ans-3958816|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Chanel]] na [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]].<ref name="rfi" /> Hardy kwadoro ụdị mbụ nke uwe [[Le Smoking]] nke Saint Laurent mere na 1966,<ref name="numero">{{cite web|url=https://www.numero.com/fr/mode/yves-saint-laurent-histoire-smoking-1966-rive-gauche-revolution-francoise-hardy|language=French|access-date=16 May 2021|title=Le smoking d'Yves Saint Laurent : histoire d'une révolution|first=Yasmine|last=Lahrichi|work=[[Numéro]]|date=19 June 2019|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=21 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521132239/https://www.numero.com/fr/mode/yves-saint-laurent-histoire-smoking-1966-rive-gauche-revolution-francoise-hardy}}</ref> ma onye nrụpụta ahụ chetara na mgbe ọ kpọgara ya na [[Paris Opera]] ka o yi otu tuxedo ya, “Ndị mmadụ tiri mkpu ma kwuo okwu n’olu ike. Ọ bụ nnukwu esemokwu.”<ref name="smoking">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140710-smoking-hot-the-womans-tuxedo|title=Smoking hot: The woman's tuxedo|first=Katya|last=Foreman|date=21 October 2015|access-date=16 May 2021|publisher=BBC|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612013016/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140710-smoking-hot-the-womans-tuxedo|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy bụkwa otu n’ime ndị mbụ hụrụ ọrụ [[Paco Rabanne]] n’anya, na-eme ka onye nrụpụta ejiji Spain ahụ bụrụ onye a ma ama site n’iyi uwe ya n’oge eserese foto na mmemme telivishọn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.fr/fashion-culture/fashion-exhibitions/diaporama/why-you-should-see-the-paco-rabanne-fashion-metallurgist-exhibition/54179|title=Why you should see the "Paco Rabanne, Fashion Metallurgist" exhibition|access-date=13 May 2021|work=[[Vogue Paris]]|first=Manon|last=Garrigues|date=13 December 2018|translator-first=Rosa Cecilia|translator-last=Gosling|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513222407/https://www.vogue.fr/fashion-culture/fashion-exhibitions/diaporama/why-you-should-see-the-paco-rabanne-fashion-metallurgist-exhibition/54179|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ 1968, ọ gosipụtara uwe mkpirikpi e ji efere ọlaedo dị ọcha mee na International Diamond Fair.<ref name="scotsmanobit" /><ref>{{cite journal|author=Braunstein, Peter|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/231149382|title=Visiting Planet Paco|date=February 21, 2001|journal=[[Women's Wear Daily]]|id={{ProQuest|231149382}} |language=en}}</ref> A na-eme uwe ahụ site na efere ọlaedo 1,000, diamond karat 300, ma ọ tụrụ paụnd 20; a na-ewere ya dịka “uwe kachasị ọnụ n’ụwa n’afọ 1968.”<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Newbold |first=Alice |date=2024-06-12 |title=Françoise Hardy Was the French-Girl Style Blueprint |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/francoise-hardy-french-girl-style-blueprint |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> Uwe ndị Rabanne chepụtara, gụnyere uwe ọlaedo ahụ, ghọrọ ụfọdụ n’ime ọdịdị Hardy kacha ama ama.<ref name="10lessons"/><ref name="scotsmanobit">{{cite web |date=June 22, 2024|last1=Shepherd |first1=Fiona |title=Françoise Hardy: French singersongwriter whose melancholic ballads influenced a generation |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/3070768709 |website=[[The Scotsman]] |access-date=27 July 2024 |id={{ProQuest|3070768709}} |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lennon |first1=Peter |title=Newspaper Fashion: Prophet motives Paco Rabanne launched his 21st century designs 30 years ago and has been looking to the future ever since. Which is odd, because he's also a soothsayer who is certain that the end of our time is at hand |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/294978425 |date=June 10, 1995|page=48|work=The Guardian |id={{ProQuest|294978425}} }}</ref> Hardy gosipụtara uwe ndị ụlọ ọrụ ''[[ready-to-wear|prêt-à-porter]]'' ọhụrụ na-emepụta,<ref name="CRF">{{cite web|url=https://www.crfashionbook.com/culture/a15166094/francoise-hardy-ye-ye-girls-1960s-french-fashion/|title=The Enduring Style of Françoise Hardy and the Yé-Yé Girls|last=Darcella|first=Aria|work=CR Fashion Book|date=17 January 2018|access-date=15 May 2021|publisher=CR Fashion Book. [[Hearst Communications]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515033723/https://www.crfashionbook.com/culture/a15166094/francoise-hardy-ye-ye-girls-1960s-french-fashion/|url-status=live|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=15 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515033723/https://www.crfashionbook.com/culture/a15166094/francoise-hardy-ye-ye-girls-1960s-french-fashion/}}</ref> yana ọrụ ndị otu ọhụrụ nke ndị nrụpụta ejiji nwanyị France a maara dịka “ụlọ akwụkwọ yé-yé”<ref name="radicalrags">{{cite book|title=Radical Rags: Fashions of the Sixties|last=Lobenthal|first=Joel|year=1990|page=45|publisher=[[Abbeville Press]]|isbn=0896599302}}</ref> ma ọ bụ “''stylistes''”,<ref name="refashioned">{{cite web|url=https://www.fitnyc.edu/museum/exhibitions/paris-refashioned.php|access-date=20 April 2021|date=15 April 2017|title=Paris Refashioned, 1957–1968|publisher=The Museum at FIT. [[Fashion Institute of Technology]]|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420194528/https://www.fitnyc.edu/museum/exhibitions/paris-refashioned.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ndị jụrụ iwu siri ike nke ''[[haute couture]]''.<ref name="richardmartin">{{cite book|title=Contemporary Fashion|page=300|editor-last=Martin|editor-first=Richard|isbn=978-1558621732|year=1995|publisher=[[St. James Press]]}}</ref> Ọ nyere aka ibido ọrụ [[Sonia Rykiel]] site n’iyi sweta ya a ma ama a na-akpọ “poor boy sweater” n’ihu mkpuchi ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',<ref name="CRF" /><ref>{{cite news|access-date=15 May 2021|language=French|url=https://www.letemps.ch/lifestyle/sonia-rykiel-toute-une-vie-couleur|title=Sonia Rykiel, toute une vie en couleur|first=Séverine|last=Saas|date=26 August 2016|work=[[Le Temps]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511230023/https://www.letemps.ch/lifestyle/sonia-rykiel-toute-une-vie-couleur|url-status=live}}</ref> ma [[David Bailey]] sere ya foto ka o yi uwe mkpuchi [[Emmanuelle Khanh]] nke eji usoro [[color-blocking]] mee maka ''Vogue''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/articulos/color-block-historia-disenadores-yves-saint-laurent-stephen-burrows|language=Spanish|access-date=15 May 2021|title=De Stephen Burrows a la Comedia del Arte: repaso visual a la historia del color block|last=Nuria|first=Luis|date=8 October 2020|location=Spain|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515051401/https://www.vogue.es/moda/articulos/color-block-historia-disenadores-yves-saint-laurent-stephen-burrows|url-status=live}}</ref> A maara Hardy kwa maka ụdị ejiji dị mfe nke nwere ntutu isi na etemeete na-adịghị akpali akpali, na-eyi ọtụtụ mgbe naanị sweta na ogologo ọkpa.<ref name="CRF" /> Ihe pụrụ iche n’ile anya ya bụ [[Bangs (hair)|ntutu isi ya kpuchiri ọkpọiso]] na iji akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọcha nke Courrèges,<ref name="linternaute" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/francoise-hardy-icone-francaise-de-la-chanson_1658165.html|access-date=11 May 2021|work=[[L'Express]]|language=French|title=Françoise Hardy, icône française de la chanson|date=5 March 2015|quote=C'est un soir de réréfendum sur le suffrage universel pour l'élection présidentielle, en 1962, que la France découvre l'interprète de Tous les garçons et les filles. Françoise Hardy séduit alors le pays et vend cette année-là 500 000 exemplaires de son 45 tours avant de connaître un succès international. Françoise Hardy, c'est aussi un style très affirmé: mini-jupe, boots blanches et longue frange, qui vont faire d'elle une égérie de la mode. Elle est enfin la mère de Thomas Dutronc, fils qu'elle a eu avec son mari le chanteur Jacques Dutronc.|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012958/https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/francoise-hardy-icone-francaise-de-la-chanson_1658165.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ma ọ bụkwa otu n’ime ndị mbụ yi [[miniskirt]].<ref name="ellefr">{{cite news|url=https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/Livres/Dossiers/Quelqu-un-d-Hardy-745069|title=Quelqu'un d'Hardy|access-date=15 May 2021|first=Clémentine|last=Goldszal|work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|language=French|date=27 October 2008|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515230202/https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/Livres/Dossiers/Quelqu-un-d-Hardy-745069|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="vanityfair">{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/people/story/article-mag-pourquoi-francoise-hardy-nous-enchante-toujours/3108|title=Pourquoi Françoise Hardy nous enchante toujours|access-date=11 May 2021|date=18 July 2018|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazines)|Vanity Fair]]|language=French|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511201321/https://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/people/story/article-mag-pourquoi-francoise-hardy-nous-enchante-toujours/3108|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ nwakwara ụdị uwe na ọdịdị na-enweghị oke nkewa nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name="vanguardistes" /> A kọwara ya dịka “anti-[[Brigitte Bardot|Bardot]]”, onye wetara ụdị echiche ọhụrụ banyere mma nke mere ka “oke ịdị nwanyị nke ụdị sex-kitten nke oge ahụ bụrụ ihe ochie.”<ref name="achieve">{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/francoise-hardy-french-girl-style|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|title=Françoise Hardy Forever: 10 Ways to Achieve the French Singer's Iconic Style|first=Laird|last=Borrelli-Persson|editor-first=Kelly|editor-last=Connor|date=16 January 2015|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516075235/https://www.vogue.com/article/francoise-hardy-french-girl-style|url-status=live}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ ndị 1970, ọ hapụrụ onyonyo nke “nwata nwanyị ejiji ama ama na-eme njem n’obodo” nke Périer kere maka ya.<ref name="rfi" /> ===Akụkọ ifo zuru ụwa ọnụ nke afọ 1960=== Oyiyi ọha na eze ya na ụdị ejiji ya n’afọ ndị 1960 nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n’omenala [[pop culture]] ụwa, nke mere ka nkà ya dịka onye na-agụ egwu ghara ịhụrịrị anya nke ọma n’èzí France.<ref name="monkey">{{cite web|url=https://monkeybuzz.com.br/materias/francoise-hardy-e-suas-meninas/|language=Portuguese|title=Françoise Hardy e Suas Meninas|access-date=16 May 2021|first=Carlos Eduardo|last=Lima|date=17 October 2013|publisher=Monkeybuzz|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516203440/https://monkeybuzz.com.br/materias/francoise-hardy-e-suas-meninas/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="QuinoneroTravesti">Quinonero, 2017, "«Son allure de page travesti»"</ref> N’afọ 1967, akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ntorobịa [[teen magazine]] ''Special Pop'' dere: “Hardy na-enwe ike ịdọta ma ụmụaka ma ndị mụrụ ha, ma ụmụ nwoke ma ụmụ nwanyị. Karịa ịbụ naanị onye na-agụ egwu, ọ na-aghọ ụdị akụkọ ifo zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọtụtụ puku ụmụ agbọghọ na-arọ nrọ ịkọwa onwe ha dịka ya.”<ref name="Deluxe57"/> N’ọkara nke abụọ nke afọ iri ahụ, Hardy ghọrọ onye a ma ama dịka onye na-akpali mmụọ n’omenala ma bụrụkwa ihe mkpali (muse) nye ọtụtụ ndị okike na ndị nka.<ref name="sixties"/><ref name="Deluxe64"/> Ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe mere eserese ya, gụnyere {{ill|Michel Bourdais|fr}},<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Richard Anthony (singer)|last=Anthony|first=Richard|title=Quand on choisit la liberté|isbn=978-2738226587|publisher=Florent Massot|language=French|year=2010|page=115|quote=Françoise, elle aussi, lui acheta un petit portrait qu'il (Michel Bourdais) avait fait d'elle et qu'elle aimait beaucoup. Son pianiste lui acheta l'autre et l'un de mes musiciens lui passa une commande.}}</ref> [[Bernard Buffet]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.artsy.net/artwork/bernard-buffet-francoise-hardy|title=Bernard Buffet: Françoise Hardy (1963)|access-date=16 May 2021|publisher=[[Artsy (website)|Artsy]]|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516073600/https://www.artsy.net/artwork/bernard-buffet-francoise-hardy|url-status=live|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=16 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516073600/https://www.artsy.net/artwork/bernard-buffet-francoise-hardy}}</ref> [[Gabriel Pasqualini]]<ref>{{cite magazine |location=France|magazine=[[Salut les copains (magazine)|Salut les copains]]|issue=31|date=February 1965|title=Tout, tout, tout et le reste sur Françoise|page=28|language=French}}</ref> na [[Jean-Paul Goude]].<ref>{{cite AV media|title=[[Comment te dire adieu (album)|Comment te dire adieu]]|author=Hardy, Françoise|year=1968|location=France|publisher=[[Disques Vogue]]|id=CLD-728|medium=LP record}}</ref> N’afọ 1965, [[Jacques Prévert]] dere uri e nyere onye na-agụ egwú ahụ aha ya bụ ''Une plante verte'', nke a gụrụ dịka akụkụ nke mmemme Hardy na Olympia.<ref>{{cite book|year=1992|language=French|title=Œuvres Complètes|publisher=[[Éditions Gallimard]]|page=808|author-link=Jacques Prévert|first=Jacques|last=Prévert|isbn=978-2070112302}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa isiokwu uri nke [[Manuel Vázquez Montalbán]] dere<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://revistacaracteres.net/revista/vol2n1mayo2013/manuel-vazquez-montalban-leyendo-sus-poemas-cuerpo-y-voz-escritura-y-autoria/|language=Spanish|title=Manuel Vázquez Montalbán leyendo sus poemas: cuerpo y voz, escritura y autoría|year=2013|first=Alessandro|last=Mistrorigo|journal=Caracteres. Estudios culturales y críticos de la esfera digital|issn=2254-4496|location=Salamanca|publisher=Editorial Delirio|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516174834/http://revistacaracteres.net/revista/vol2n1mayo2013/manuel-vazquez-montalban-leyendo-sus-poemas-cuerpo-y-voz-escritura-y-autoria/|url-status=live}}</ref> nakwa [[open letter]] nke [[Paul Guth]] dere.<ref>{{cite book|language=French|last=Guth|first=Paul|year=1968|title=Lettre ouverte aux idoles|author-link=Paul Guth|publisher=[[Éditions Albin Michel]]|pages=51–63}}</ref> Onye na-ese ihe Belgium [[Guy Peellaert]] jiri Hardy dịka ihe atụ maka agwa bụ isi nke akwụkwọ eserese ([[comic]]) ya nke 1968, ''Pravda la Survireuse'', nke sitere n’ike mmụọ nsọ [[pop art]] na echiche psychedelic, ma mee ya na mmekorita ya na onye odee ihe nkiri France [[Pascal Thomas]].<ref name="Deluxe64">Deluxe, 2013. p. 64</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2008/11/20/necrologicas/1227135602_850215.html|access-date=15 May 2021|language=Spanish|work=[[El País]]|title=Guy Peellaert, dibujante y fotógrafo|last=Pons|first=Álvaro|date=19 November 2008|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072733/https://elpais.com/diario/2008/11/20/necrologicas/1227135602_850215.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Onye na-agụ egwú ahụ masịrị onye na-ese ihe Spain [[Salvador Dalí]],<ref name="sixties" /> onye kpọrọ ya ka ọ nọrọ otu izu na ya na [[Cadaqués]] n’afọ 1968.<ref name="Deluxe67">Deluxe, 2013. p. 67</ref> Hardy bụkwa onye a na-enwe mmasị n’ebe ndị nọ na gburugburu [[Swinging London]] nọ,<ref name="bagatelas" /><ref name="abc" /> ma o kwetara na ọ bụ “isi iyi nke mmasị pụrụ iche nye ndị na-egwu pop Bekee.”<ref name="mortality" /> [[Malcolm McLaren]] kọwara ya dịka “onye kachasị elu n’ụdị [[pinup girl]], nke e tinyere foto ya n’ụlọ ihi ụra nke ndị na-amụ egwu pop niile na-achọ ịdị n’ihu oge na [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]]. Ọtụtụ ndị otu egwu n’oge ha kacha ewu ewu, dịka [[the Beatles]] ma ọ bụ [[The Rolling Stones|the Stones]], na-arọ nrọ iso ya nwee mmekọrịta ịhụnanya.”<ref name="Deluxe60">Deluxe, 2013. p. 60</ref> Oyiyi ya dọtara mmasị nke [[David Bowie]] mgbe ọ ka bụ nwata,<ref name="monkeyreview" /> [[Mick Jagger]] (onye kpọrọ ya “nwanyị kacha zuru oke” n’anya ya),<ref name="mortality" /> [[Brian Jones]],<ref name="HardyThree" /> [[Morrissey]],<ref name="vanityfair" /> na [[Richard Thompson (musician)|Richard Thompson]].<ref name="uncut" /> [[Bob Dylan]] nwere nnukwu mmasị n’ebe Hardy nọ ma tinye [[beat poem]] e dere maka ya n’azụ mkpuchi albọm ya nke 1964, ''[[Another Side of Bob Dylan]]''.<ref name="uncut" /><ref name="mortality">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/apr/29/francoise-hardy-interview-personne-d-autre-album|access-date=10 May 2021|work=[[The Observer]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|title=Françoise Hardy: 'I sing about death in a symbolic, even positive way'|first=Sean|last=O'Hagan|date=29 April 2018|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011234/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/apr/29/francoise-hardy-interview-personne-d-autre-album|url-status=live}}</ref> Uri ahụ malitere: “for françoise hardy/at the seine's edge/a giant shadow/of notre dame/seeks t' grab my foot/sorbonne students/whirl by on thin bicycles/swirlin' lifelike colors of leather spin...”<ref name="npr" /><ref>{{cite AV media notes|author=[[Bob Dylan]]|year=1964|title=[[Another Side of Bob Dylan]]|type=LP record|publisher=[[Columbia Records]]|id=CS 8993}}</ref> N’afọ 2018, Hardy gwara ''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]'' na o nwere ụfọdụ akwụkwọ mbụ nke uri ahụ Dylan hapụrụ n’otu ụlọ kọfị. Ọ sịrị, “... Obi metụrụ m nnọọ aka. Ọ bụ nwoke dị afọ ntorobịa, onye na-ese ihe nwere mmetụta ịhụnanya nke ukwuu, onye nwere mmasị pụrụ iche n’ebe mmadụ nọ naanị n’ihi foto ya. Ị ma otú ndị ntorobịa si adị... Achọpụtara m na nke a dị ezigbo mkpa nye ya.”<ref name="uncut" /> Hardy na Dylan zutere na Mee 1966 n’azụ ikpo okwu nke ngosi ya na Olympia.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.fr/bob-dylan-francoise-hardy/|title=La chanteuse Françoise Hardy a reçu des ébauches de lettres d'amour écrites de la main de Bob Dylan, datant des années 60.|access-date=14 May 2021|date=18 April 2018|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|location=France|language=French|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514201543/https://www.rollingstone.fr/bob-dylan-francoise-hardy/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mgbe Dylan hụrụ na Hardy nọ n’etiti ndị na-ekiri ya, ọ jụrụ ịlaghachi n’ikpo okwu ka o mee akụkụ nke abụọ nke ngosi ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na Hardy agaghị abịa n’ụlọ mgbakwasa uwe ya.<ref name="HardyFour" /><ref name="passion">{{cite web|language=French|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/weekend/spectacles-musique/bob-dylan-une-passion-francaise-1314985|access-date=15 May 2021|title=Bob Dylan, une passion française|date=12 May 2021|first=Laurent-David|last=Samama|work=[[Les Echos (France)|Les Echos]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515053245/https://www.lesechos.fr/weekend/spectacles-musique/bob-dylan-une-passion-francaise-1314985|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ na-agụ egwú mechara soro Dylan gaa n’ụlọ nkwari akụ ya na [[Four Seasons Hotel George V]],<ref name="passion" /> ebe o nyere ya mbipụta mbụ nke egwu “[["Just Like a Woman]]” na “[["I Want You (Bob Dylan song)|I Want You]]”.<ref name="HardyFour" /> ===Echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị=== Dị ka onye a ma ama n’ihu ọha, a maara Hardy nke ọma maka ịdị ya n’ezoghị ọnụ gbasara echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya,<ref name="sixties"/> nke a kọwara dịka nke [[right-wing]].<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages"/><ref name="gay"/> A zụlitere ya n’ezinụlọ [[Gaullist]], ma o kwuru na ''Télérama'' n’afọ 2011, sị: “Anaghị m akwado ihe niile a na-ekwu ma ọ bụ a na-eme n’aka nri, ma anaghịkwa m elelị ihe niile a na-eme ma ọ bụ a na-ekwu n’aka [[Left-wing politics|aka ekpe]]... n’eziokwu, abụ m onye nọ n’etiti ụzọ ([[centrist]]).”<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance"/> N’akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya nke afọ 2008, o dere na naanị ihe ọ na-ahụ onwe ya n’ime ya bụ [[Environmentalism|nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi]], nke ọ kpọrọ ihe “na-abụghị nke aka nri ma ọ bụ nke aka ekpe.”<ref name="HardyThirteen"/> Mgbe ọ na-akwalite album ya ''Décalages'', Hardy nyere magazin ''Rockland'' ajụjụ ọnụ. Mkparịta ụka ahụ gbagoro n’ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ebe [[1988 French presidential election]] mere ụbọchị gara aga,<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages"/> ma n’ihi na ọ chere na akụkụ ahụ bụ mkparịta ụka na-abụghị maka ibipụta, Hardy gosipụtara nlelị ya n’ebe ndị nọ n’aka ekpe nọ.<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages"/> O were iwe mgbe e bipụtara akụkụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, ma chebe onwe ya n’ajụjụ ọnụ telivishọn ya na [[Thierry Ardisson]] n’ụbọchị 13 Mee, ebe ọ kọwara esemokwu o nwere na onye na-abụ abụ [[Renaud]], na-ekwu na Renaud kparịrị ya n’ihi nkwado ya nye Minista Omenala [[François Léotard]].<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages"/> N’ajụjụ ọnụ ''Rockland'' ahụ, o kwukwara banyere [[racism in France]], sị: “A naghị ekwu maka [[Anti-French sentiment|ịkpa ókè megide ndị France]], ebe e nwere ụfọdụ ebe ị ga-adị mfe ịbanye ma ọ bụrụ na ị bụghị onye France,”<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages"/> ma kwukwara banyere [[antisemitism in France|mmegbu megide ndị Juu]], na-atụ aro na “ndị na-ahụ ya ebe niile nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ ya n’onwe ha.”<ref name="HardyThirteen">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Thirteen"</ref> Onye na-abụ abụ ahụ mechara dee n’akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya na ọ wepụrụ onwe ya n’echiche ndị ahụ.<ref name="HardyThirteen"/> Hardy bụ onye na-emegide [[solidarity tax on wealth]] (French: ''impôt de solidarité sur la fortune''; ISF). Ọ kwadoro [[tax shield]] nke ọchịchị [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] tinyere n’ọrụ na 2010 ma katọọ atụmatụ ụtụ isi nke [[François Hollande]] n’oge [[2012 French presidential election]], na-agwa ''Paris Match'' sị: “Ekwenyere m na ọtụtụ mmadụ aghọtaghị ọdachi ISF na-ebute ndị nọ n’ọnọdụ m. A na-amanye m, mgbe m fọrọ nke nta ka m bụrụ afọ iri asaa ma na-arịa ọrịa, ire ụlọ m ma kwaga ebe ọzọ.”<ref name="QuinoneroISF"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20120410-programme-fiscal-hollande-deplait-francoise-hardy-chanteuse|title=Françoise Hardy dénonce le programme fiscal de François Hollande|access-date=12 May 2021|date=10 April 2012|publisher=[[France 24]]|first=Ségolène|last=Allemandou|language=French|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512195529/https://www.france24.com/fr/20120410-programme-fiscal-hollande-deplait-francoise-hardy-chanteuse|url-status=live}}</ref> Nke a mere ka nwa ya nwoke, Thomas Dutronc, dee na [[Twitter]]: “Ma mba mama, echegbula onwe gị, aga m akpọrọ gị ka ị bịa biri n’ụlọ m ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa...”<ref name="moches"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ThomasDutronc/status/190170066594181121|title=Mais non maman, ne t'inquiète pas je t'inviterais chez moi au cas où...|publisher=[[Thomas Dutronc]] on [[Twitter]]|access-date=12 May 2021|date=11 April 2012|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512195530/https://twitter.com/ThomasDutronc/status/190170066594181121|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy mechara gọnarị akụkọ na ọ ga-abụ onye na-enweghị ebe obibi ma kọwaa na “ọdachi ahụ bụ ndị mmadụ na-efunahụ ọrụ ha n’ihi mbufe ọrụ gaa mba ọzọ na [[European debt crisis|nsogbu ụgwọ Europe]].”<ref name="QuinoneroISF"/> Hardy kwupụtara nkwado ya maka ime ka [[legality of abortion|ime ime akwụsị n’afọ]] bụrụ ihe iwu kwadoro, n’agbanyeghị na ọ kewapụrụ onwe ya na [[feminism]].<ref name="HardyFive">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Five"</ref> N’afọ 2015, onye na-abụ abụ ahụ katọrọ [[Feminist movement|ndị na-akwado feminism]] n’edemede ([[essay]]) ya "Avis non autorisés ...", ebe o dere: “Ahụrụ m ha dịka ndị iwe na-ejide, ndị na-adịghị mma n’anya, ya bụ, ndị na-enweghị àgwà nwanyị ọbụla. Enwebeghị m ike ịhụ ihe ọ bụla jikọrọ m na ndị feminists. N’agbanyeghị nke ahụ, e nwere ụfọdụ n’ime ha m gaara eji bụrụ ihe atụ...”<ref name="moches">{{cite web|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/actu/pour-francoise-hardy-les-feministes-sont-hargneuses-et-moches-363365-06-03-2015/|language=French|work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]]|access-date=12 May 2021|date=6 March 2015|title=Pour Françoise Hardy, les féministes sont " hargneuses " et " moches "|last=Boinet|first=Carole|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512052217/https://www.lesinrocks.com/actu/pour-francoise-hardy-les-feministes-sont-hargneuses-et-moches-363365-06-03-2015/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/eloise-bouton/francoise-hardy-feminisme_b_6826950.html|title=Françoise Hardy ou la misogynie à l'ancienne|access-date=12 May 2021|date=9 March 2015|work=[[HuffPost]]|first=Éloïse|last=Bouton|language=French|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512052217/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/eloise-bouton/francoise-hardy-feminisme_b_6826950.html|url-status=live}}</ref> N’oge [[2017–2018 protests in France]], Hardy kwupụtara nkwado ya nye Onye isi ala [[Emmanuel Macron]]. O kwuru, sị: “Anyị kwesịrị ikwe ka ọ gbanwee France. Otu akụkụ nke ndị France achọghị ịhụ eziokwu ma rapara n’ime [[Marxist ideology]]. Ihe masịrị m banyere Onye isi ala Macron bụ na ọ bụ onye nwere ọhụụ ma ọ bụghị onye na-agbaso echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kpuru ìsì, ma o guzoro ike n’eziokwu.”<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109041625/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/09/arts/francoise-hardy-interview.html|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/09/arts/francoise-hardy-interview.html|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=12 May 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Françoise Hardy, a French National Treasure, Is Back from the Brink|date=9 May 2018|first=Agnès C.|last=Poirier}}</ref> N’oge [[2023 French pension reform strikes]], ọ gwara [[Le Journal du Dimanche]] na “ihere na-eme m maka ihe na-eme na France,” n’ihi na ọ na-atụ egwu na “mgba ọrụ ugboro ugboro” ga-eme ka ndị njem nleta ghara ịbịa, ma ọ kwadorokwa [[2023 French pension reform law|iwu mgbanwe ụgwọ ezumike nka]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Loridan |first1=Carla |title="J'ai honte de ce qui se passe en France" : Francoise Hardy défend la réforme des retraites |url=https://www.bfmtv.com/people/j-ai-honte-de-ce-qui-se-passe-en-france-francoise-hardy-defend-la-reforme-des-retraites_AN-202304090146.html |website=BFM TV |date=9 April 2023 |access-date=12 June 2024 |archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072649/https://www.bfmtv.com/people/j-ai-honte-de-ce-qui-se-passe-en-france-francoise-hardy-defend-la-reforme-des-retraites_AN-202304090146.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Ihe nketa na mmetụta== :Ole na ole n’ime ihe ndị mara mma na-anọgide ogologo oge n’echiche mmadụ. Ọ bụrụ na egwu ụmụ agbọghọ yé-yé bụ mgbe niile ìhè na-atọ ụtọ nke na-adọrọ mmasị, nke Françoise Hardy na-adịgide dịka nke kacha emetụta n’ihi mgbagwoju anya mmetụta uche ya, ngwakọta zuru oke nke agụụ maka oge gara aga na nke ga-abịa, nke a na-abụ n’ụzọ dị oke nso n’obi. Taa, ọ pụrụ ịdị ka obere ihe na-enweghị nnukwu mkpa, ma n’oge ahụ, n’afọ iri isii nke narị afọ gara aga, ịnụ egwu gbasara obi mgbawa n’ọnụ nwanyị a nwere olu dị nro ma na-abanye n’ime obi mmadụ bụ ihe ama ama pụrụ iche. — Fernando Navarro, ''[[El País]]'', 2020.<ref name="bagatelas">{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2020/08/26/ruta_norteamericana/1598470753_686835.html|title=Rompedoras (IV): Françoise Hardy, la bagatela más esplendorosa|language=Spanish|work=[[El País]]|last=Navarro|first=Fernando|date=26 August 2020|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513021000/https://elpais.com/cultura/2020/08/26/ruta_norteamericana/1598470753_686835.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A na-eme emume Hardy dịka “akụ mba France”<ref name="allmusic"/><ref name="uncut"/><ref name="npr">{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/12/647068156/fran-oise-hardy-remains-frances-national-treasure|title=Françoise Hardy Remains France's National Treasure|access-date=26 May 2021|date=12 September 2018|last=Beardsley|first=Eleanor|publisher=[[NPR]]|archive-date=28 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628124508/https://www.npr.org/2018/09/12/647068156/fran-oise-hardy-remains-frances-national-treasure|url-status=live}}</ref> ma bụrụkwa otu n’ime ndị kasị ukwuu n’akụkọ ihe mere eme nke [[Music of France|egwu France]].<ref name="monkey" /> Ọ bụ otu n’ime ndị na-ese egwu rere ndekọ kacha ukwuu n’akụkọ ihe mere eme France, ebe e rere ihe karịrị nde 7.6 nke ndekọ ya ruo Novemba 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infodisc.fr/Vente_Artiste.php|language=French|title=Bilan des Ventes globales (Albums & Chansons) par Artiste|access-date=23 May 2021|year=2018|publisher=InfoDisc|first1=Daniel|last1=Lesueur|first2=Dominic|last2=Durand|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160404203703/http://www.infodisc.fr/Vente_Artiste.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Onye nkatọ America [[Richie Unterberger]] kọwara ya dịka “n’enweghị mgbagha, onye na-ese pop-rock kacha mma sitere na mba ahụ n’afọ iri isii nke 1960s”,<ref name="originales">{{cite web|url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/francoise-hardy-les-versions-originales/|author-link=Richie Unterberger|date=3 December 2015|title=Françoise Hardy: Les Versions Originales|publisher=Folkrocks|access-date=13 May 2021|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513042445/http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/francoise-hardy-les-versions-originales/|url-status=live}}</ref> ma kwuo na ọ ga-achọ ịhụ ka a na-etinye Hardy n’ụlọ nsọ [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/the-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-an-alternate-top-ten/|author-link=Richie Unterberger|date=17 June 2014|title=The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: An Alternate Top Ten|publisher=Folkrocks|access-date=13 May 2021|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513043925/http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/the-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-an-alternate-top-ten/|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ 2011, a tinyere Hardy n’ime ''[[Petit Larousse|Le Petit Larousse Illustré]]''.<ref name="QuinoneroISF">Quinonero, 2017, "La pluie..., Hollande et l'ISF"</ref> Ọtụtụ afọ mgbe oge kachasị ewu ewu ya n’afọ 1960s gasịrị, a ka na-ewere Hardy dịka onye dị mkpa ma nwee mmetụta n’akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ejiji.<ref name="id">{{cite web|url=https://i-d.co/article/francoise-hardy-most-iconic-outfits-fashion-french-style/|title=7 of Françoise Hardy's most iconic outfits|first=Zoë|last=Kendall|access-date=6 May 2021|date=22 January 2021|work=[[i-D]]|publisher=[[Vice Media]]|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506211343/https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/epdqm7/francoise-hardy-most-iconic-outfits-fashion-french-style|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="vanguardistes">{{cite web|url=https://www.journaldesfemmes.fr/mode/styles-de-people/1869854-francoise-hardy-look-tenues-photos/|language=French|access-date=10 May 2021|title=Les looks avant-gardistes de Françoise Hardy|publisher=Le Journal des femmes. [[Groupe Figaro]]|date=29 January 2019|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510204504/https://www.journaldesfemmes.fr/mode/styles-de-people/1869854-francoise-hardy-look-tenues-photos/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="achieve"/><ref name="10lessons">{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/style-lessons-from-francoise-hardy|work=[[British Vogue]]|access-date=21 May 2021|last=Fearon|first=Faye|title=10 Style Lessons To Take From Françoise Hardy For The Season Ahead|date=17 January 2018|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521183824/https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/style-lessons-from-francoise-hardy|url-status=live}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na [[Balenciaga]], onye nrụpụta ejiji [[Nicolas Ghesquière]] kọwara ya na ''Vogue'' dịka “ezigbo ọdịdị nke ụdị ejiji France”.<ref name="achieve" /> Foto ndị na-egosi onye na-abụ abụ ahụ yi uwe ígwè nke [[Paco Rabanne]] mere kpaliri [[Lizzy Gardiner]] n’ichepụta uwe maka ''[[Priscilla, Queen of the Desert]]'' nakwa uwe [[67th Academy Awards|Oscar]] nke ya.<ref name="gay"/> Hardy bụkwa onye na-enye mmụọ nsọ nye onye nrụpụta Japan [[Rei Kawakubo]], onye kpọrọ akara ejiji ya [[Comme des Garçons]] aha sitere n’otu ahịrịokwu n’abụ “Tous les garçons et les filles”.<ref name="10lessons"/> N’oge ọrụ ya niile, Hardy nwetara nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-akwado ya n’etiti [[gay men]], ma obodo ahụ na-ewere ya dịka [[gay icon]]. Ọ kwuru ọtụtụ ugboro na ndị enyi ya na ndị na-akwado ya kacha ntụkwasị obi bụ ndị nwoke nwere mmasị n’ebe nwoke ibe ha nọ.<ref name="gay">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zCxfDwAAQBAJ |title=Gay Icons: The (Mostly) Female Entertainers Gay Men Love |last=Guilbert |first=Georges-Claude |year=2018 |publisher=McFarland |access-date=1 August 2018 |pages=85–86 |isbn=9781476674339 |archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011218/https://books.google.com/books?id=zCxfDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> A na-ahụ mmetụta egwu Hardy n’ọrụ ndị na-ese egwu Francophone dịka [[Coralie Clément]],<ref name="monkey"/> [[La Femme (band)|La Femme]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rocknfolk.com/albums/la-femme-mystere/8680|title=La Femme: Mystère|language=French|access-date=15 May 2021|work=[[Rock & Folk]]|date=17 September 2016|last=Farkas|first=Basile|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515202138/https://www.rocknfolk.com/albums/la-femme-mystere/8680|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Juliette Armanet]],<ref name="vanityfair"/> [[Melody's Echo Chamber]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.undertheradarmag.com/interviews/melodys_echo_chamber_interview|access-date=15 May 2021|title=Melody's Echo Chamber: Location, Location, Location|date=7 September 2012|first=Laura|last=Studarus|work=[[Under the Radar (magazine)|Under the Radar]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515185222/http://www.undertheradarmag.com/interviews/melodys_echo_chamber_interview|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Keren Ann]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2004/music/reviews/keren-ann-1200531509/|title=Keren Ann|date=25 August 2004|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=15 May 2021|last=Sprague|first=David|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515193652/https://variety.com/2004/music/reviews/keren-ann-1200531509/|url-status=live}}</ref> na [[Carla Bruni]], onye ṅomiri ụdị Hardy mgbe ọ malitere ọrụ egwu ya.<ref name="tentaciones">{{cite web|url=https://tentaciones.elpais.com/2011/11/hardy.html|work=Tentaciones. [[El País]]|language=Spanish|access-date=13 May 2021|date=8 November 2011|title=Françoise Hardy, la más bella del baile|first=Carles|last=Gámez|archive-date=10 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110131838/https://tentaciones.elpais.com/2011/11/hardy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ndị odee akọwawo mmetụta ya n’egwu otu [[avant-pop]] Bekee [[Stereolab]],<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FI3dVT9t34C&pg=PA150|page=150|access-date=11 May 2021|author-link=Simon Reynolds|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|year=2011|title=Retromania: Pop Culture's Addiction to Its Own Past|isbn=978-0865479944|publisher=[[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]]|archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011140/https://books.google.com/books?id=8FI3dVT9t34C&pg=PA150#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/where-to-start-stereolab|access-date=11 May 2021|title=Where To Start... Stereolab|date=19 June 2019|work=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512090247/https://www.clashmusic.com/features/where-to-start-stereolab|url-status=live}}</ref> gụnyere myirịta dị n’etiti olu Hardy na nke onye ndu otu ahụ [[Lætitia Sadier]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telerama.fr/sortir/stereolab,-le-retour-dun-groupe-de-rock-aussi-culte-que-meconnu,n6280919.php|language=French|access-date=11 May 2021|title=Stereolab, le retour d'un groupe de rock aussi culte que méconnu|date=8 June 2019|first=Marc|last=Zisman|work=[[Télérama]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511183427/https://www.telerama.fr/sortir/stereolab,-le-retour-dun-groupe-de-rock-aussi-culte-que-meconnu,n6280919.php|url-status=live}}</ref> N’èzí ụwa na-asụ French, a kpọtụrụ Hardy dịka onye nyere mmụọ nsọ nye ọtụtụ ndị nwanyị na-ede ma na-abụ abụ dịka [[Caroline Polachek]], [[Charli XCX]], [[Angel Olsen]], [[Candie Payne]], [[Erin Rae]], [[Heather Trost]], [[Violetta Zironi]], [[Zooey Deschanel]] na [[Cat Power]].<ref name="monkey"/> Hardy metụtakwa ọtụtụ ndị na-ese egwu ọzọ dịka [[Broadcast (band)|Broadcast]], [[Goldfrapp]], [[Jeremy Jay]], [[The Chap (band)|The Chap]] na [[Xeno & Oaklander]]. N’otu isiokwu e dere maka Into Creative, onye nduzi ihe nkiri Grant McPhee kọwara ya dịka “nwa agbọghọ nnọchianya maka ndị ihere na-eme na ihe oyiyi nrọ nke na-eme ka ha kwere na ha nwekwara ike ịdị mma ma maa mma.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=French Girl Pop – An Introduction |url=https://intocreative.co.uk/french-girl-pop-an-introduction/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=Into Creative |date=24 November 2022 |language=en-GB |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103205344/https://intocreative.co.uk/french-girl-pop-an-introduction/ |url-status=live }}</ref> N’afọ 2021, [[Rivers Cuomo]] nke otu rock America [[Weezer]] kpọrọ Hardy otu n’ime “echiche ụda” ya kacha mkpa,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/weezer-ok-human/|title=Weezer: OK Human Album Review|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|access-date=11 May 2021|date=1 February 2021|last=Cohen|first=Ian|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428172855/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/weezer-ok-human/|url-status=live}}</ref> ma kwuo na album ya ''Message personnel'' metụtara ya nke ukwuu.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/weezer-new-album-ok-human-all-my-favorite-songs-video-1116969/|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=5 June 2021|title=Weezer Preview New LP 'OK Human' With 'All My Favorite Songs'|date=21 January 2021|last1=Kreps|first1=Daniel|last2=Legaspi|first2=Althea|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619134954/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/weezer-new-album-ok-human-all-my-favorite-songs-video-1116969/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Greg Gonzalez]] nke otu [[dream pop]] America [[Cigarettes After Sex]] kpọrọ Hardy otu n’ime mmetụta egwu ya kachasị ukwuu,<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68IuU4Xnb2Y|access-date=11 May 2021|date=10 January 2018|medium=[[YouTube]]|title=Cigarettes After Sex : " Mes grandes influences ? Françoise Hardy et Erik Satie "|publisher=[[Radio Nova (France)|Radio Nova]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511055948/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68IuU4Xnb2Y|url-status=live}}</ref> na-ekwu na 2016: “''La question'' zuru oke nke ukwuu; achọrọ m ụdị ịma mma ahụ.”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-diehard-romanticism-of-cigarettes-after-sex/|title=The Diehard Romanticism of Cigarettes After Sex|last1=Cacouris|first1=Christina|date=17 February 2016|publisher=Noisey. [[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|access-date=27 October 2016|archive-date=28 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028020323/https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/the-diehard-romanticism-of-cigarettes-after-sex|url-status=live}}</ref> Album cult nke 1971, ''La question'', pụtara na ndepụta ''The Guardian'' nke “album 1000 a ga-anụ tupu mmadụ anwụọ”.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/nov/19/1000tohearbeforeyoudie5|work=The Guardian|title=1000 albums to hear before you die: Artists beginning with H (part 1)|access-date=12 May 2021|date=19 November 2007|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011653/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/nov/19/1000tohearbeforeyoudie5|url-status=live}}</ref> Album ahụ nwetara [[cult following]] mgbe e wepụtara ya<ref name="telerama16" /><ref name="franceinter" /><ref name="indiehoy">{{cite web |last=Allermann |first=Juan Ignacio |date=15 October 2021 |title=Françoise Hardy y los 50 años de La question, su obra maestra de culto |url=https://indiehoy.com/indieayer/francoise-hardy-y-los-50-anos-de-la-question-su-obra-maestra-de-culto/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016000715/https://indiehoy.com/indieayer/francoise-hardy-y-los-50-anos-de-la-question-su-obra-maestra-de-culto/ |archive-date=16 October 2021 |access-date=16 October 2021 |work=[[Indie Hoy]] |language=es}}</ref> ma mesịa bụrụ nke a na-ewere dịka elu kachasị elu nke nka Hardy.<ref name="efequestion">{{cite web |date=30 May 2020 |title=La question (1971), de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.efeeme.com/la-question-1971-de-francoise-hardy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412191312/https://www.efeeme.com/la-question-1971-de-francoise-hardy/ |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=27 April 2021 |publisher=Efe Eme |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref name="indiehoy" /> N’afọ 2017, Pitchfork tinyere ''Tous les garçons et les filles'' n’ọnọdụ nke iri itoolu (90) n’ime ndepụta ya nke “Album 200 Kachasị Mma nke Afọ 1960s”, ebe Marc Hogan kọwara ya dịka “nguzo siri ike n’etiti ụda egwu rockabilly na echiche miri emi nke ndị France, nke nwanyị kasị maa mma ma bụrụkwa onye na-anọkarị n’azụ ìgwè mmadụ na France nyefere n’ụzọ pụrụ iche.”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-albums-of-the-1960s/?page=6|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|title=The 200 Best Albums of the 1960s|access-date=12 May 2021|date=22 August 2017|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225231319/https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-albums-of-the-1960s/?page=6|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ 2023, ''Rolling Stone'' tinyere Hardy n’ọnọdụ nke 162 n’ime ndepụta ya nke Ndị Na-abụ Egwu 200 Kasị Ukwuu n’Oge Niile.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=1 January 2023|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/francoise-hardy-1234642907/|access-date=7 March 2023|archive-date=7 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307220908/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/francoise-hardy-1234642907/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Nyocha nke onwe ya banyere ọrụ ya === Hardy na-akatọ album mbụ ya abụọ, ''Tous les garçons et les filles'' na ''Le premier bonheur du jour'', n’agbanyeghị nnukwu ewu ewu ha nwere.<ref name="uncut" /> O kwuru n’ajụjụ ọnụ e mere ya n’afọ 2018 na ọ “na-enwe nnukwu nkụda mmụọ n’ihi na ọchịchọ ya bụ ịnwe guitar eletrik mara mma... Kama nke ahụ, enwere m ndị na-egwu egwu France na-adịghị mma na mmepụta egwu jọgburu onwe ya.”<ref name="clash" /> Mgbe ọ gara London n’afọ 1963 iji dekọọ album ọhụrụ, o chere na ya enweela ohere “ime ụdị egwu ọzọ, ọ bụghị ụdị egwu igwe ahụ nke m tọrọ n’ime ya.”<ref name="mortality" /> N’agbanyeghị na album ndị o wepụtara na mbido afọ 1970s—''La question'', ''Et si je m'en vais avant toi'', na ''If You Listen''—emeghị nke ọma n’ahịa, Hardy chere na ha gosipụtara nke ọma nkà nka ya.<ref name="HardySeven" /> Karịsịa, o nwere nnukwu mpako banyere ''La question'', ma kwuo n’afọ 2008, sị: “Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwetaghị nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’etiti ọha mmadụ n’ozuzu ha, enwere m ike ikwu na o metụrụ ụdị ndị na-ege ntị ọzọ aka... Ọtụtụ mgbe, album nwere nnukwu ebumnuche nwere ike ileghara anya mgbe mbụ e wepụtara ya, ma n’ikpeazụ ọ na-adịgide ogologo oge.”<ref name="HardySeven" /> N’ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''[[The Independent]]'' n’afọ 1996, Hardy kwuru na o kwenyere na ọtụtụ mmadụ amaghị nke ọma nkà ya dịka onye na-ese egwu, nakwa na ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ka ọ na-ekwu maka afọ 1960s na [[the Beatles]].<ref name="sixties" /> == Ndụ onwe onye == === Ezinụlọ === [[File:Fanclub1966JacquesDutronc.jpg|thumb|Hardy na onye egwu ibe ya [[Jacques Dutronc]] malitere mmekọrịta ha n’afọ 1967 ma lụọ di na nwunye n’afọ 1981.]] N’afọ 1962, Hardy malitere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya na nke ọrụ ya na onye na-ese foto nke ''Salut Les Copains'', Jean-Marie Périer.<ref name="QuinoneroGarcon">Quinonero, 2017, "«L'amour d'un garçon / Peut tout changer»"</ref><ref name="Deluxe58"/> Ha anaghị ebikọ ọnụ, ma n’ihi ọrụ ha, ha na-anọkarị iche ogologo oge, nke metụtara mmekọrịta ahụ n’ụzọ na-adịghị mma.<ref name="HardyThree"/> Ha kewara n’afọ 1966,<ref name="HardyFour"/> mana ha gara n’ihu bụrụ ezigbo ndị enyi na ndị mmekọ ọrụ.<ref name="parismatch21"/> N’afọ 1967, Hardy malitere mmekọrịta a na-ekwukarị banyere ya n’ihu ọha na eze na onye na-abụ abụ [[Jacques Dutronc]].<ref name="NightfallJeneusse">{{cite web|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6755_franoise-hardy-ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp.html|title=Françoise HARDY – Ma Jeunesse Fout Le Camp (1967)|author=Waltersmoke|access-date=27 May 2021|date=24 May 2014|language=French|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527030919/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6755_franoise-hardy-ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="QuinoneroVoudras">Quinonero, 2017, "«Le jour où tu voudras / Je serai là pour toi»"</ref> Mgbe nwa ha naanị ya, nwa nwoke aha ya bụ [[Thomas Dutronc|Thomas]], mụrụ na 16 Juun 1973,<ref name="QuinoneroThomas">Quinonero, 2017, "Thomas, l'enfant de l'amour"</ref> Hardy na Dutronc kwagara n’ụlọ nwere okpukpu atọ dị nso na [[Parc Montsouris]] n’oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 1974.<ref name="QuinoneroThomas"/> Ezinụlọ ahụ na-aga kwa oge ọkọchị n’ụlọ Dutronc nwere na [[Lumio]] n’agwaetiti [[Corsica]].<ref name="QuinoneroThomas"/> Mgbe Thomas Dutronc toro, ọ malitekwara ọrụ ya dịka onye egwu.<ref name="resurreccion">{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2016/05/17/actualidad/1463486870_815121.html|language=Spanish|work=[[El País]]|access-date=29 May 2021|title=La resurrección musical de Françoise Hardy|date=19 May 2016|last=Gámez|first=Carles|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212320/https://elpais.com/cultura/2016/05/17/actualidad/1463486870_815121.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy na Dutronc lụrụ di na nwunye na 30 Maachị 1981 n’emume nzuzo.<ref name="ina81">{{cite web|url=https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1981-francoise-hardy-revele-son-opinion-sur-le-mariage/|language=French|access-date=11 May 2021|title=1981, Françoise Hardy révèle son opinion sur le mariage|date=29 March 2021|publisher=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|INA]]|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510042057/https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1981-francoise-hardy-revele-son-opinion-sur-le-mariage/|url-status=live}}</ref> Dị ka Hardy si kwuo, ha kwadoro mmekọrịta ha n’iwu n’ihi “ihe gbasara ụtụ isi”,<ref name="independent05"/> nakwa n’ihi ndụmọdụ onye ọka iwu Hardy nyere ya maka ihe gbasara ahụike na nchekwa.<ref name="ina81"/> Di na nwunye ahụ kewara n’afọ 1988 n’ihi mmekọrịta ịhụnanya ha na ndị ọzọ na nsogbu mmanya Dutronc nwere.<ref name="QuinoneroFaim"/><ref name="QuinoneroVII">Quinonero, 2017, "«ME PASSER DU MYSTÈRE DE MISTER» «Qu'y a-t-il sous votre carapace ? / Quels jardins secrets ? / L'un après l'autre / Tout est passé...»"</ref> Ha akwụsịghị alụmdi na nwunye ha n’iwu, ma mmekọrịta ha ghọrọ ụdị “enyi pụrụ iche”.<ref name="QuinoneroVII"/> N’afọ 2016, Hardy gwara ''Le Parisien'' na ọbụna mgbe Dutronc nwere onye òtù ọlụlụ ọhụrụ, ọ chọghị ịgba ya alụkwaghịm.<ref name="parisien16">{{cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/rechanter-sait-on-jamais-06-12-2016-6418329.php|title=VIDEOS. Françoise Hardy : " Rechanter ? Sait-on jamais... "|access-date=29 May 2021|date=6 December 2016|language=French|work=[[Le Parisien]]|last1=((Bureau))|first1=Éric|last2=Jaeglé|first2=Yves|last3=Kastler-Le Scour|first3=Élisabeth|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213816/https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/rechanter-sait-on-jamais-06-12-2016-6418329.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Ná mmalite afọ ndị 1980, ọ mụtara na nna ya, onye ọ na-anọghị nso, biri ndụ abụọ dịka nwoke nwoke ibe ya na-achọ n’ime nzuzo, mgbe otu n’ime ndị ntorobịa ọ hụrụ n’anya jiri nkwado ego nna ya na-enye ya mee nganga n’ihu otu n’ime ndị enyi Dutronc.<ref name="HardyEleven"/> Nna ya nwụrụ n’ụlọ ọgwụ na 6 Febrụwarị 1981 mgbe e merụsịrị ya ahụ n’ọgụ,<ref name="HardyEleven"/> ma eleghị anya site n’aka otu nwoke na-ere mmekọahụ,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/vip/videos-francoise-hardy-se-confie-sur-l-homosexualite-de-son-pere_1764577.html|title=VIDEOS. Françoise Hardy se confie sur l'homosexualité de son père|access-date=10 May 2021|date=17 February 2016|work=[[L'Express]]|language=French|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612013023/https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/people/videos-francoise-hardy-se-confie-sur-l-homosexualite-de-son-pere_1764577.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ihe a na-akọghị n’akụkọ mgbasa ozi n’oge ahụ.<ref name="QuinoneroMariage">Quinonero, 2017, "Mariage et élections"</ref> Nwanne nwanyị Hardy, Michèle, tolitere n’enweghị ịhụnanya sitere n’aka nne na nna ha, ma nwee omume igbu onwe ya na mgbaàmà nke [[paranoid schizophrenic|paranoid schizophrenia]].<ref name="HardyFive"/> N’ọnwa Mee 2004, a hụrụ ya nwụrụ anwụ n’ụlọ ya dị na [[L'Île-Rousse]], ma eleghị anya n’ihi igbu onwe ya.<ref name="HardyEighteen"/> === Ahụike na ọnwụ === N’agbata njedebe afọ 2004 na mmalite afọ 2005, a chọpụtara na Hardy nwere [[MALT lymphoma]],<ref name="avisnon"/><ref name="QuinoneroDefera">Quinonero, 2017 "«Rien ne défera jamais nos liens»"</ref> nke malitere oge ọ kọwara dịka “oge ọkụ mmụọ” nke gbagburu ndụ ya n’usoro.<ref name="HardyEighteen"/> Ọ natara ọgwụgwọ [[chemotherapy]], nke rụpụtara ezigbo nsonaazụ na mbụ.<ref name="HardyEighteen"/> N’ọnwa Maachị 2015, ọnọdụ ahụike ya ka njọ, a kpọbatara ya n’ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe e tinyere ya n’ime [[artificial coma]] ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ.<ref name="figaroavis"/> Mgbe ọ nọ n’ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ gbajiri ikpere ụkwụ na ikpere aka.<ref name="figaroavis"/> Ọ gwara ''Le Figaro'' n’afọ 2015: “Enwekwara m nnukwu nsogbu n’ịga ije... E nwere oge m na-enweghị ike ịhụ onye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ịpụ apụ. Ma ana m anọgide na-enwe olileanya ọma... Ana m ezere iche banyere ya; ọ naghị achịkwa echiche m.”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2015/03/04/03005-20150304ARTFIG00318-les-coups-de-griffe-de-francoise-hardy.php|title=Les coups de griffe de Françoise Hardy|language=French|work=[[Le Figaro]]|access-date=26 May 2021|first=Mohammed|last=Aïssaoui|date=4 March 2015|archive-date=26 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526181643/https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2015/03/04/03005-20150304ARTFIG00318-les-coups-de-griffe-de-francoise-hardy.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy gara n’ihu ịnata ọgwụgwọ chemotherapy ọzọ na [[immunotherapy]].<ref name="diseasertl">{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/actu/debats-societe/euthanasie-je-ne-peux-rester-a-attendre-que-la-mort-arrive-confie-francoise-hardy-7900017283|language=French|access-date=6 May 2021|title=Euthanasie : "Je ne peux rester à attendre que la mort arrive", confie Françoise Hardy|first1=Flavie|last1=Flament|first2=Emmanuelle|last2=Brisson|date=7 April 2021|publisher=[[RTL (French radio)|RTL]]|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506053245/https://www.rtl.fr/actu/debats-societe/euthanasie-je-ne-peux-rester-a-attendre-que-la-mort-arrive-confie-francoise-hardy-7900017283|url-status=live}}</ref> Ahụike ya gara n’ihu ịka njọ, ma n’afọ 2021 ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama n’ịkwado iwu ga-eme ka [[physician-assisted suicide]] bụrụ ihe kwere omume na France. O kwuru na ajụjụ ọnụ dị iche iche na, ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ya aghọọ ihe na-adịghị anabata ma mee ka ọ ghara ime “ihe ndị ndụ [ya] chọrọ”, ọ ga-achọ euthanasia, ọ bụ ezie na ọ gaghị enwe ohere ime ya n’iwu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-l-hymne-a-l-amour-1729389|language=French|access-date=6 May 2021|quote=Quand mon état deviendra encore plus insupportable, je n'aurai, hélas, pas le soulagement de savoir que je peux me faire euthanasier. La France est inhumaine sur ce plan-là.|title=Françoise Hardy: "Je n'ai pas peur de mourir mais j'ai très, très peur de souffrir"|work=[[Paris Match]]|date=17 March 2021|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506053250/https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-l-hymne-a-l-amour-1729389|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="diseasertl" /> N’otu afọ ahụkwa, ọ kpughere na ọ pụghịzi ịbụ abụ n’ihi mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ndị ahụ nwere n’ahụ ya.<ref name="parismatch21" /> Hardy nwụrụ n’ihi [[laryngeal cancer]] na Paris na 11 Juun 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 80.<ref name="lemonde">{{cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2024/06/11/francoise-hardy-icone-de-la-culture-pop-est-morte_6238944_3382.html|title=Françoise Hardy, icône de la culture pop, est morte|publisher=Le Monde|accessdate=11 June 2024|date=11 June 2024|language=French|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011748/https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2024/06/11/francoise-hardy-icone-de-la-culture-pop-est-morte_6238944_3382.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tupu ọnwụ ya, ọ tara ahụhụ site n’ịda ugboro ugboro na mgbaji ọkpụkpụ dị iche iche.<ref name="lemonde" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/jun/12/francoise-hardy-french-pop-singer-and-fashion-muse-dies-aged-80|title=Françoise Hardy, French pop singer and fashion muse, dies aged 80|work=The Guardian|access-date=12 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612013919/https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/jun/12/francoise-hardy-french-pop-singer-and-fashion-muse-dies-aged-80|url-status=live |last1=Beaumont-Thomas |first1=Ben }}</ref> Nwa ya nwoke kwupụtara ọnwụ ya na [[Instagram]], dee, “Mama apụọla...”<ref name="letempsobit">{{cite web |last1=Perrin |first1=Oliver |title=Françoise Hardy, notre âme en peine: Hommage Malade depuis deux décennies, la chanteuse et icône de la culture pop s'en est allée à l'âge de 80 ans. Elle était admirée pour son talent, son courage, et sa volonté tenace cachée dans l'ombre de ses doutes susurrés pendant un demi-siècle |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/3066988225 |id={{ProQuest|3066988225}}|website=[[Le Temps]] |language=fr |access-date=18 July 2024 |date=13 June 2024}}</ref> e mere emume ikpeazụ maka ya na [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] n’ụlọ crematorium na columbarium ya.<ref name="Figaro/AFP 2024-06-15">{{cite news |agency=AFP |title=Les obsèques de Françoise Hardy se tiendront jeudi à Paris |trans-title=The funeral of Françoise Hardy will be held on Thursday in Paris |website=Le Figaro |date=2024-06-15 |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/les-obseques-de-francoise-hardy-se-tiendront-jeudi-a-paris-20240615 |language=fr |access-date=2024-06-16}}</ref> ==Ihe nkiri egwu ahọpụtara== {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Tous les garçons et les filles (album)|Tous les garçons et les filles]] (All The Boys And Girls)'') (1962)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spectrumculture.com/2015/10/27/francoise-hardy-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|title=Françoise Hardy: Tous les garçons et les filles, Le Premier Bonheur du jour, Mon Amie la rose, L'Amitié, La Maison oú j'ai grandi|last1=Paul|first1=John|date=27 October 2015|website=|publisher=Spectrum Culture|access-date=18 August 2016|archive-date=25 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125230751/http://spectrumculture.com/2015/10/27/francoise-hardy-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Françoise Hardy (1963 album)|Le premier bonheur du jour]] (The First Good Time Of The Day)'') (1963)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/master/202934-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy|title=Françoise Hardy – Françoise Hardy|access-date=4 April 2022|website=Discogs.com|date=1963 |archive-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324203725/https://www.discogs.com/master/202934-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy|url-status=live}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Françoise Hardy canta per voi in italiano]] (English: Françoise Hardy Sings For You In Italian'') (1963)<ref>Catalogue number: LPJ 5034.</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Mon amie la rose (album)|Mon amie la rose]] (My Friend The Rose'') (1964)<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Jones |first1=Peter |author-link1=Peter Jones (journalist) |last2= Jopling |first2= Norman |date=27 February 1965 |title=Francoise Hardy |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/65/Record-Mirror-1965-02-27-S-OCR.pdf |magazine=[[Record Mirror]] |issue=207 |page=11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401225353/https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/65/Record-Mirror-1965-02-27-S-OCR.pdf |archive-date=1 April 2022|access-date=17 August 2022}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[L'amitié]] (Friendship'') (1965)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ariza Lázaro |first=Sergio |date=17 January 2017 |title=Las 10 mejores canciones de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.diariocritico.com/musica/francoise-hardy-mejores-canciones |access-date=26 March 2021 |publisher=Diariocrítico.com |language=Spanish |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130054053/https://www.diariocritico.com/musica/francoise-hardy-mejores-canciones |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''[[Françoise Hardy Sings in English|In English]]'' (1966)<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Jones |first1=Peter |author-link1=Peter Jones (journalist) |last2= Jopling |first2= Norman |date=14 May 1966 |title=Francoise Hardy: ''Sings in English'' |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/66/Record-Mirror-1966-05-14.pdf |magazine=[[Record Mirror]] |issue=270 |page=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401225734/https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/66/Record-Mirror-1966-05-14.pdf |archive-date=1 April 2022|access-date=18 November 2022}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[La maison où j'ai grandi (album)|La maison où j'ai grandi]] (The House Where I Grew Up)'') (1966)<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r330373|pure_url=yes}} Maison Ou J'ai Grandi – overview], [[Allmusic]]. Accessed on line 1 May 2009.</ref> * ''[[Ma jeunesse fout le camp...]] (My Youth Is Leaving...)'' (1967)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149|language=French|title=Les trésors de nos discothèques. Françoise Hardy a chanté tant de belles choses|last=Trodaec|first=Michel|date=8 April 2020|work=[[Ouest-France]]|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213817/https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149|url-status=live}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Françoise Hardy (1968 album)|Comment te dire adieu]] (How To Say Goodbye To You)'') (1968)<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.secondhandsongs.com/song/44754|title = Cover versions of It Hurts to Say Goodbye by Margaret Whiting &#124; SecondHandSongs|website = SecondHandSongs|access-date = 11 June 2024|archive-date = 8 October 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081008023158/http://www.secondhandsongs.com/song/44754|url-status = live|accessdate = 4 June 2026|archivedate = 8 October 2008|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081008023158/http://www.secondhandsongs.com/song/44754}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha ([[La question (album)|''La Question'']] (''The Question'') (1971)<ref name="Weiner 19" /> * ''[[Personne d'autre]] (Nobody Else)'' (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|title=Personne d"Autre – Françoise Hardy|publisher=AllMusic.com|last=Jurek|first=Thom|accessdate=23 May 2018|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200637/https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|url-status=live}}</ref> }} ==Ihe nkiri== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- !scope="col"| Year !scope="col"| Title !scope="col"| Role !Director !scope="col" class="unsortable"| Notes !scope="col"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | 1963 !scope=row| ''[[Château en Suède|Nutty, Naughty Chateau]] (Château en Suède)'' | Ophélie | [[Roger Vadim]] | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="Deluxe60"/> |- | 1964 !scope=row| ''[[The Hully Gully Boys]]'' ({{ill|I Ragazzi Dell'Hully Gully|it|italic=yes}}) | rowspan="2"| Herself | Marcello Giannini na [[Carlo Infascelli]] | rowspan="2"| onye na-eme egwu | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="ragazzi"/> |- | rowspan="3"| 1965 !scope=row| ''[[Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone|This Crazy, Crazy World of Song]] (Questo Pazzo, Pazzo Mondo Della Canzone)'' | [[Bruno Corbucci]] na [[Giovanni Grimaldi]] | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="questo"/> |- !scope=row| ''[[What's New Pussycat?]]'' | Mayor's secretary | [[Clive Donner]] | ọdịdị cameo | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="Deluxe60"/> |- !scope=row| ''[[Altissima pressione|Highest Pressure]] (Altissima Pressione)'' | Herself | [[Enzo Trapani]] | onye na-eme egwu | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="larkin"/> |- | rowspan="4"| 1966 !scope=row| ''[[Une balle au cœur|Devil at My Heels]] (Une balle au cœur)'' | Anna | [[Jean-Daniel Pollet]] | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="HardyThree"/> |- !scope=row| ''[[Masculin Féminin|Masculine Feminine]]'' | American officer's companion | [[Jean-Luc Godard]] | ọdịdị cameo | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="godard"/> |- !scope=row| ''Europe Sing (Europa Canta)'' | Herself | [[José Luis Merino]] | onye na-eme egwu | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="larkin"/> |- !scope=row| ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]'' | Lisa | [[John Frankenheimer]] | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="QuioneroCineaste"/> |- | 1968 !scope=row| ''[[Monte Carlo: C'est La Rose|Monte Carlo: It's The Rose]] (Monte Carlo: C'est La Rose)'' | Herself | [[Michael Pfleghar]] | ihe ngosi telivishọn pụrụ iche | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="larkin"/> |- | 1969 !scope=row| ''The Man Who Came From Cher (L'Homme Qui Venait du Cher)'' | Suzanne | Pierre Desfons | ihe nkiri telivishọn | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="cher"/> |- | 1972 !scope=row| ''[[The Doves]]'' ({{ill|Les Colombes|fr|italic=yes}}) | Young hippie | [[Jean-Claude Lord]] | ọdịdị cameo | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="colombes">{{cite web |last=Ramond |first=Charles-Henri |date=6 October 2020 |title=Colombes, Les – Film de Jean-Claude Lord |trans-title=The Doves – Film by Jean-Claude Lord |url=https://www.filmsquebec.com/films/colombes-jean-claude-lord/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521075854/https://www.filmsquebec.com/films/colombes-jean-claude-lord/ |archive-date=21 May 2021 |access-date=21 May 2021 |publisher=Films du Québec |language=French}}</ref> |- | 1976 !scope=row| ''[[Second Chance (1976 film)|If I Had to Do It All Over Again]] (Si C'Était à Refaire)'' | Herself | [[Claude Lelouch]] | onye na-eme egwu | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="QuinoneroFilmography">Quinonero, 2017, "Annexe: Filmographie"</ref> |} ==Ọrụ ebipụtara== ;Ọgụgụ Eluigwe * ''Le grand livre de la Vierge (The Great Book Of The Virgin'') (ya na Béatrice Guénin) (1979)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://booknode.com/le_grand_livre_de_la_vierge_0264192|title=Le grand livre de la Vierge|publisher=Booknode|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=5 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505163334/http://booknode.com/le_grand_livre_de_la_vierge_0264192|url-status=live}}</ref> * ''Entre les lignes, entre les signes (Between The Lines, Between The Signs)'' (ya na Anne-Marie Simond) (1986) * ''L'astrologie universelle (Universal Astrology)'' (1987)<ref>{{cite web |title=L'astrologie universelle: Le zodiaque comme vous ne l'avez jamais vu (French Edition) |trans-title=Universal Astrology: The Zodiac as You've Never Seen It (French Edition) |url=https://www.abebooks.com/Lastrologie-universelle-zodiaque-lavez-jamais-French/31468886569/bd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012204/https://www.abebooks.com/Lastrologie-universelle-zodiaque-lavez-jamais-French/31468886569/bd |archive-date=12 June 2024 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |publisher=Abe books}}</ref> * ''Les rythmes du zodiaque (The Rhythms Of The Zodiac)'' (2003)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://mediatheque.chartres.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/185255/les-rythmes-du-zodiaque-francoise-hardy?_lg=en-US|title=Les rythmes du zodiaque / Françoise Hardy|date=2003 |publisher=Madiatheque|isbn=978-2-7491-0101-9 |accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012254/https://mediatheque.chartres.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/185255/les-rythmes-du-zodiaque-francoise-hardy?_lg=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> ;Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo * ''Notes secrètes: entretiens avec Eric Dumont (Secret Notes: Interviews With Eric Dumont)'' (1991) (ajụjụ ọnụ)<ref>{{cite book|title=Notes secrètes : Françoise Hardy : entretiens avec Eric Dumont|publisher=Worldcat |oclc=30916651 }}</ref> * ''Le désespoir des singes... et autres bagatelles (The Despair Of The Monkeys... And Other Trifles)'' (2008) (akụkọ ndụ onwe onye)<ref>{{cite web |title=Le désespoir des singes et autres bagatelles |trans-title=The Despair of Monkeys and Other Trifles |url=https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Le-desespoir-des-singes-et-autres-bagatelles/90475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303034056/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Le-desespoir-des-singes-et-autres-bagatelles/90475 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |publisher=Babelio |archivedate=3 March 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303034056/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Le-desespoir-des-singes-et-autres-bagatelles/90475 }}</ref> * ''Avis non autorisés... (Unauthorized Reviews...)'' (2015) (edemede)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abebooks.com/9782290130124/Avis-autoris%C3%A9s-Documents-11527-French-2290130125/plp|title=Avis non autorisés|publisher=Abebooks|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012210/https://www.abebooks.com/9782290130124/Avis-autoris%C3%A9s-Documents-11527-French-2290130125/plp|url-status=live}}</ref> * ''Un cadeau du ciel... (A Gift From Heaven...)'' (2016) (essay)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Un-cadeau-du-ciel/903592|title=Un cadeau du ciel|publisher=Babelio|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815104001/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Un-cadeau-du-ciel/903592|url-status=live|archivedate=15 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815104001/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Un-cadeau-du-ciel/903592}}</ref> * ''Chansons sur toi et nous (Songs About You And Us)'' (2021) (akwụkwọ egwu)<ref>{{cite web |title=Chansons sur toi et nous |trans-title=Songs about you and us |url=https://www.jailu.com/chansons-sur-toi-et-nous/9782290359761 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128223341/https://www.jailu.com/chansons-sur-toi-et-nous/9782290359761 |archive-date=28 November 2023 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |publisher=Jailu}}</ref> ;Akwụkwọ akụkọ * ''L'amour fou (Crazy Love)'' (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=12925998800&cm_sp=plp-_-9782290070703-_-new|title=L'amour fou|publisher=Abebooks|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012251/https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=12925998800&cm_sp=plp-_-9782290070703-_-new|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Hụkwa== *[[Ejiji ndị France]] *[[Egwu rock na France]] *[[Ndepụta ndị na-agụ kpakpando (astrologers)]] *[[Ndepụta ndị na-ese ma ọ bụ na-eme egwu baroque pop]] *[[Ndepụta ndị na-ese ma ọ bụ na-eme egwu folk rock]] *[[Ndepụta ndị na-abụ abụ France]] *[[Ndepụta ndị na-abụ abụ yé-yé]] ==Edensibia== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{reflist|group=note}} ==Ndekọ Akwụkwọ== * {{cite book|title=Sounds French: Globalization, Cultural Communities, and Pop Music in France, 1958–1980|first=Jonathyne|last=Briggs|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0199377060}} * {{cite book|last=Deluxe|first=Jean-Emmanuel|publisher=[[Feral House]]|year=2013|isbn=978-1936239719|title=Yé-Yé Girls of '60s French Pop}} * {{cite book|title=The Despair of Monkeys and Other Trifles: A Memoir by Françoise Hardy|last=Hardy|first=Françoise |year=2018|translator-last1=Graham|translator-first1=Jon E.|publisher=[[Feral House]]|trans-title= Le désespoir des singes... et autres bagatelles|orig-year=2008|isbn=978-1-62731-0734|type=eBook}} * {{cite book | last = Lesueur | first = Daniel | title = Françoise Hardy: Catch a Rising Star | publisher = Camion Blanc | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-2357797666 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=a8aZCwAAQBAJ | language = fr | access-date = 31 May 2021 }} * {{cite book|last=Quinonero|first=Frédéric|year=2017|language=French|publisher=Éditions l'Archipel|title=Françoise Hardy, un long chant d'amour|isbn=978-2809822267|type=eBook}} ==Njikọ mpụga== {{commons}} * {{Official website|http://www.francoise-hardy.com/}} {{in lang|fr}} * {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000186594|label=Françoise Hardy}} * [https://www.discogs.com/artist/457980-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy Françoise Hardy] na [[Discogs]] * {{IMDb name|id=0362634|name=Françoise Hardy}} * [https://www.last.fm/music/Fran%C3%A7oise+Hardy Françoise Hardy] na [[Last.fm]] * [https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/11186/francoise-hardy/ Françoise Hardy] na [[Official Charts Company]] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hardy, Francoise}} [[Category: Ụmụ nwanyị]] sstzm3g61u83ykjdie86lztpmy3xco1 0 77964 705580 692349 2026-08-24T12:58:03Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga */ 705580 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụrụ uche maka ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị ha ga-esi kepụta ndịnaya n'ebe ọ dị ọsịịsọ.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> E werebuolarị Wiki n'ebe ọzọ na weebụ iji hazie ihe ọmụma,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> ya mere na echiche nke iji nkwado maọbụ enyemaka dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia nwetara ihi aja n'ukwu site na mkparịtaụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz,<ref name="Ben_Kovitz">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Glyn Moody">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> na ọzọkwa si n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /> Kovitz bụụrụ onye na-arụ ọrụ nhazi ngwanro kọmputa ma bụrụ onye a na-ahụkarị na revolutionary wiki nke Ward Cunningham bụ "the WikiWikiWeb". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wiki bụ, n'ebe ha na-eri nri abalị na 2 January 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /><ref name="Glyn Moody" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia" /> Wales kwuru n'Ọktoba 2001 na "Larry nwebu echiche iji ngwanro Wiki eme ihe" maka ndị usoro Nupedia na-atụ ngana,<ref name="Wikipedia-l-000671">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> ma mechaa kwuo na Disemba 2005 na Rosenfeld ebunyela ya uche gbasara wiki.<ref name="cadenhead">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref> Sanger cheere na wiki ga-abụ ebe nrụọrụ dị mma, ma tụta arọ ya n'ọgbọ nzipụta ozi nke Nupedia ka e guzobe otu wiki nke dabeere na UseModWiki (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) ka ọ bụrụ "ebe e si enweta ihe a ga-arụ" nye Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu bụ "K'anyị mee wiki", o dere:<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday 10 Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi === {{Wikimedia Foundation}} == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>{{Wikimedia Foundation}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ftnx0f2284hk2g3jmm2nymrvb4u9e6a 705581 705580 2026-08-24T13:07:51Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* Nhazi nke echiche ahụ */ 705581 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday 10 Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi === {{Wikimedia Foundation}} == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>{{Wikimedia Foundation}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ok41txfjriwqqra1dxoqi59neyq07pj 705582 705581 2026-08-24T13:08:37Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* Nhazi nke echiche ahụ */ 705582 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday 10 Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi === {{Wikimedia Foundation}} == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>{{Wikimedia Foundation}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] reald1o15ecz8tutg2silfddzljh6on 705583 705582 2026-08-24T13:09:43Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* Nhazi nke echiche ahụ */ 705583 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi === {{Wikimedia Foundation}} == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>{{Wikimedia Foundation}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rd0z0sgcbug3di9eoew8ye3k9l0purz 705584 705583 2026-08-24T13:17:32Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi */ 705584 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Old wikipedia logo.png|alt=This is the very first logo|Nke o ji malite – na ngwụcha 2001 (nke dị naanị nwa oge) File:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|alt=This is the second "improved" logo|Site na ngwụcha 2001 ruo 12 Ọktoba 2003 File:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|alt=This is the next logo.|13 October 2003 – 13 May 2010 File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|alt=This is the present logo|13 May 2010 ruo ugbu a </gallery> {{Wikimedia Foundation}} == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>{{Wikimedia Foundation}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nynwy4ysycbrsxjby045gr1ryygpvup 705585 705584 2026-08-24T13:17:59Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya */ 705585 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Old wikipedia logo.png|alt=This is the very first logo|Nke o ji malite – na ngwụcha 2001 (nke dị naanị nwa oge) File:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|alt=This is the second "improved" logo|Site na ngwụcha 2001 ruo 12 Ọktoba 2003 File:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|alt=This is the next logo.|13 October 2003 – 13 May 2010 File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|alt=This is the present logo|13 May 2010 ruo ugbu a </gallery> == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>{{Wikimedia Foundation}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] k5yof8uhrie9rcm5ws48nwa5ueimmpw 705586 705585 2026-08-24T13:24:05Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* 2019 */ 705586 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Old wikipedia logo.png|alt=This is the very first logo|Nke o ji malite – na ngwụcha 2001 (nke dị naanị nwa oge) File:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|alt=This is the second "improved" logo|Site na ngwụcha 2001 ruo 12 Ọktoba 2003 File:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|alt=This is the next logo.|13 October 2003 – 13 May 2010 File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|alt=This is the present logo|13 May 2010 ruo ugbu a </gallery> == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] liu37my1vsxojwenf0bbj1nnabyidwh 705587 705586 2026-08-24T13:25:01Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* Onye nke Atọ */ 705587 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Old wikipedia logo.png|alt=This is the very first logo|Nke o ji malite – na ngwụcha 2001 (nke dị naanị nwa oge) File:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|alt=This is the second "improved" logo|Site na ngwụcha 2001 ruo 12 Ọktoba 2003 File:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|alt=This is the next logo.|13 October 2003 – 13 May 2010 File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|alt=This is the present logo|13 May 2010 ruo ugbu a </gallery> == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === == Edensibịa == * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fmlyjc6dqizimw7tu82eb9i5r40q6d8 705588 705587 2026-08-24T13:31:10Z Goodymeraj 16207 705588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Old wikipedia logo.png|alt=This is the very first logo|Nke o ji malite – na ngwụcha 2001 (nke dị naanị nwa oge) File:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|alt=This is the second "improved" logo|Site na ngwụcha 2001 ruo 12 Ọktoba 2003 File:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|alt=This is the next logo.|13 October 2003 – 13 May 2010 File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|alt=This is the present logo|13 May 2010 ruo ugbu a </gallery> == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>  ==Afọ Iri Nke Atọ== ====2020==== {{See also|Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic}} === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} == Edensibịa == * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ddu1wxhuil19at32gicfqc8qls6fcg9 705589 705588 2026-08-24T13:33:02Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* Afọ Iri Nke Atọ */ 705589 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Old wikipedia logo.png|alt=This is the very first logo|Nke o ji malite – na ngwụcha 2001 (nke dị naanị nwa oge) File:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|alt=This is the second "improved" logo|Site na ngwụcha 2001 ruo 12 Ọktoba 2003 File:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|alt=This is the next logo.|13 October 2003 – 13 May 2010 File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|alt=This is the present logo|13 May 2010 ruo ugbu a </gallery> == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>  ===Afọ Iri Nke Atọ (2020 ruo Ugbu a)=== ====2020==== === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} == Edensibịa == * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3zytops6j3kle8blk4kho5knglras5w 705592 705589 2026-08-24T14:07:03Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* Afọ Iri Nke Atọ (2020 ruo Ugbu a) */ 705592 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Old wikipedia logo.png|alt=This is the very first logo|Nke o ji malite – na ngwụcha 2001 (nke dị naanị nwa oge) File:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|alt=This is the second "improved" logo|Site na ngwụcha 2001 ruo 12 Ọktoba 2003 File:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|alt=This is the next logo.|13 October 2003 – 13 May 2010 File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|alt=This is the present logo|13 May 2010 ruo ugbu a </gallery> == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>  ===Afọ Iri Nke Atọ (2020 ruo Ugbu a)=== ====2020==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ ọnwa Jenụwarị 2020, agbakwunyere isiokwu mezuru ya nde isii, bụ akụkọ ndụ [[Maria Elise Turner Lauder]], na Wikipedia Bekee. N'agbanyeghị uto a n'isiokwu ndị dị na ya, ntinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ nke Wikipedia, dịka Alexa tụrụ, nọgidere na-ebelata. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, Wikipedia dara ruo ịbụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke iri na otu n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com2">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> A na-eche na akụkọ Wikipedia banyere [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic|nsogbu ọrịa COVID-19]] na ndezi nkwado ndị metụtara ya, mkparịta ụka gasị, na ọbụna nhichapụ ndị e mere bụ ihe bara uru maka ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ọdịnihu ga-achọ ịghọta oge ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=27 May 2020|title=Future Historians Will Need Access to Coronavirus Misinformation|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/05/wikipedia-coronavirus-information-future-historians.html|work=Slate|accessdate=9 June 2020|archivedate=27 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527165139/https://slate.com/technology/2020/05/wikipedia-coronavirus-information-future-historians.html}}</ref> [[World Health Organization|Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa]] jikọrọ aka ha na Wikipedia dị ka isi ihe maka mgbasa ozi metụtara COVID-19 iji nyere aka lụso mgbasa ozi na-ezighi ezi ọgụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Matt|first=Chase|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=9 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=McNeil|first=Donald G.|date=22 October 2020|title=Wikipedia and W.H.O. Join to Combat Covid-19 Misinformation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227064918/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html|archivedate=27 December 2020|accessdate=25 October 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> '''2021''' Na Jenụwarị 2021, e kwuru n'ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche na a na-eme ncheta [[Wikipedia:20th anniversary|Afọ iri abụọ nke Wikipedia]]. <ref name="Kelly">{{Cite news|author=Kelly|first=Heather|date=15 January 2021|title=Technology: On its 20th birthday, Wikipedia might be the safest place online|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/15/wikipedia-20-year-anniversary/|quote=The world's largest online encyclopedia has learned lessons from fighting misinformation for two decades|accessdate=16 January 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Kent">{{Cite web|author=Kent|first=German|date=15 January 2021|title=In a post-truth world, we need Wikipedia more than ever|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/in-a-post-truth-world-we-need-wikipedia-more-than-ever/|publisher=[[CNET]]|quote=Commentary: Wikipedia celebrated its 20th anniversary today. The free encyclopedia may not be exciting, but its neutral, volunteer-driven content is incredibly valuable.|accessdate=16 January 2021|archivedate=21 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221144855/https://www.cnet.com/news/in-a-post-truth-world-we-need-wikipedia-more-than-ever/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=World in Progress: 20 years of Wikipedia|url=https://www.dw.com/en/world-in-progress-20-years-of-wikipedia/av-56212410|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|format=Audio|quote=The year marks the 20th anniversary of Wikipedia. Every month, more than 1.7 billion people visit the open-source website in search of information about, well, just about anything! We speak with Dr. Bernie Hogan from the [[Oxford Internet Institute]] about Wikipedia's successes, where it fits into the discrimination crisis, and the website's future.|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=5 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005082902/https://www.dw.com/en/world-in-progress-20-years-of-wikipedia/av-56212410}}</ref><ref name="Wales">{{Cite web|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=14 January 2021|title=As Wikipedia turns 20 it aims to reach more readers|url=https://news.yahoo.com/wikipedia-turns-20-aims-reach-035212015.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHKHaTI72xUEUz_BdVPt8DFvi-uLdmApcbSckrJrAbM_GpTwHsHtNHRdxX-KYAS6xk81e_p_w46bfh10PJVV7cmUzE-pWR5gsID2T8Kd1k0u-2r78p4Y4V16CKTPFcWRJzV0LwQMJyuEeeR7Vv-_lfVBiCT30KvF47aGzyE3QP-a|quote=Wikipedia is the web's seventh-most visited site|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=23 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923105157/https://news.yahoo.com/wikipedia-turns-20-aims-reach-035212015.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHKHaTI72xUEUz_BdVPt8DFvi-uLdmApcbSckrJrAbM_GpTwHsHtNHRdxX-KYAS6xk81e_p_w46bfh10PJVV7cmUzE-pWR5gsID2T8Kd1k0u-2r78p4Y4V16CKTPFcWRJzV0LwQMJyuEeeR7Vv-_lfVBiCT30KvF47aGzyE3QP-a}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ ọnwa Jenụwarị 2021, Wikipedia Bekee ruru otu ijeri ndezi e mere na ya, ebe [[Steven Pruitt]] mere ndezi nke mezuru ya otu ijeri.<ref name="vice.com">{{Cite web|date=15 January 2021|title=The English Language Wikipedia Just Had Its Billionth Edit|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-english-language-wikipedia-just-had-its-billionth-edit/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115145145/https://www.vice.com/en/article/k7appn/the-english-language-wikipedia-just-had-its-billionth-edit|archivedate=15 January 2021|accessdate=26 February 2021|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|language=en}}</ref> [[:en:MIT_Press|MIT Press]] bipụtara akwụkwọ edemede [[:en:Open_access|open access]] bụ ''[[:en:Wikipedia_@_20|Wikipedia @ 20]]'': Stories of an Unfinished Revolution, nke [[Joseph M. Reagle Jr.|Joseph Reagle]] na Jackie Koerner dezigharịrị nke ntinye banyere ya sitere n'aka ndị Wikipedia, ndị Wikimedia, ndị nchọpụta, ndị nta akụkọ, ndị na-ahụ maka ọbá akwụkwọ na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ na-atụgharị uche na akụkọ na isiokwu ụfọdụ. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/wikipedia-20|title=Wikipedia @ 20: Stories of an Incomplete Revolution|date=2020|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0262538176|editor=Reagle|location=Cambridge, MA|language=en|accessdate=12 November 2021}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, Wikipedia adaala bụrụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke iri na atọ n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com3">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> '''2022''' N'abalị isii ọnwa Disemba 2022, onye Wikipedian [[Richard Knipel]] mepụtara isiokwu [[:en:Artwork_title|Artwork title]], nke mmezigharị mbụ ya bụ draft nke [[:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] mepụtara, nke Knipel mere obere ndezi na ya iji kwekọọ na ụkpụrụ Wikipedia. Knipel kwuru na [[:en:Talk_page|ibe mkparịtaụka]] na o kwenyere na nke a bụ oge mbụ onye ọbụla jiri ChatGPT dee edemede Wikipedia. Ndị ndezi ndị ọzọ katọrọ mbipụta nke isiokwu a ma kpata esemokwu n'ime obodo Wikipedia, na-eduga na arụmụka sara mbara banyere ma a ga-eji ChatGPT na ụdị ndị yiri ya dee ọdịnaya maka Wikipedia na, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị otú ahụ, ruo n'ókè ole?.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=12 January 2023|title=Should ChatGPT Be Used to Write Wikipedia Articles?|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/chatgpt-wikipedia-articles.html|accessdate=30 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=28 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128200141/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/chatgpt-wikipedia-articles.html}}</ref> '''2023''' Na Jenụwarị 2023, a gbanwere interface desktọọpụ Wikipedia na nke mbụ kemgbe 2010, gaa na [[Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia|Vector 2022]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en-US|archivedate=19 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119234339/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/}}</ref> Njikọ ọhụrụ ahụ nwetara nkatọ dị ukwuu site n'aka ndị ọrụ. Ọtụtụ mmegide lekwasịrị anya na nhazi nke obosara ya, nke mepụtara ohere ọcha gabigara ókè n'akụkụ ya niile na monitor ndị sara mbara, na-eduga na mkparịta ụka dị okwu puku iri itoolu ma akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ kwesịrị ịghọ nke ndabara. [[Swahili Wikipedia|Wikipedia Swahili]] ji otu olu tụọ vootu ịjụ akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ ma "n'ụzọ dị njọ" chọọ ịlaghachi na akpụkpọ nke ochie. Nkatọ ndị ọzọ gara na Wikimedia Foundation maka iwe ndị otu imepụta ihe nwere obere ahụmịhe na wikis. Brandon Harris, onye bụ onye isi na-emepụta ihe na Wikipedia site na 2010 ruo 2014, kwuru, sị: "Wikimedia Foundation mgbe ụfọdụ na-ewe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-amaghị wiki nke ọma, ha na-abata ma gbalịa ime mgbanwe ndị a niile - na-agba ọsọ na mbụ banye n'ime mkpọtụ ụzụ - bụ ụzọ obodo ahụ na-esi eguzogide nke ọma".<ref name="slate">{{Cite web|author=Rauwerda|first=Annie|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe mkparịta ụka na asọmpi gasịrị, a nabatara [[:en:Sound_logo|akara ngosi ụda]] mbụ nke Wikimedia (gụnyere Wikipedia). <ref name="wikimediafoundation.org">{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=Wikipedia's new sound logo: Winner of The Sound of All Human Knowledge contest announced|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/|accessdate=2023-05-02|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en-US|archivedate=6 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406101352/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/}}</ref> '''2024''' Na Jenụwarị 13, 2024, etinyere otu Wikipedia Bekee, echekwara na [[5D optical data storage|Nchekwa data anya 5D]], n'ụlọ nnyocha dị n'okpuru ala na Switzerland, na-enwe ikike ịnọgide na nchekwa ruo ijeri afọ iri na anọ, n'ihi teknụzụ nchekwa ejiri. Enwere ike ịgụ akwụkwọ ahụ site na iji [[:en:Microscope|microscope]], na-enweghị mkpa iji [[Digital electronics|teknụzụ dijitalụ]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Knowledge Vault|url=https://www.archmission.org/gkv|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Arch Mission Foundation - Preserving humanity forever, in space and on Earth.|language=en-US|archivedate=July 30, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260730024832/https://www.archmission.org/gkv}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2024, e nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ibugo otu Wikipedia Bekee n'ime ọnwa, dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ Galactic Legacy Archive. Ọrụ ahụ bụ nke [[:en:Intuitive_Machines|Intuitive Machines]], ebe [[SpaceX]] tụbara rọket ahụ. A na-echekwa data ahụ dị ka iji layer iri na isii nke nickel, a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ nwere ike ịnọ n'elu ọnwa ruo ijeri afọ ise. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Galactic Legacy Archive|url=https://www.archmission.org/galactic-legacy-archive|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Arch Mission Foundation - Preserving humanity forever, in space and on Earth.|language=en-US|archivedate=March 28, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328153354/https://www.archmission.org/galactic-legacy-archive}}</ref> '''2025''' N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, ewepụtara [[:en:Wikipedia:Temporary_accounts|akaụntụ nwa oge]] maka ndị editọ Wikipedia pụrụ na akaụntụ ha, na-anọchi anya iji [[Wikipedia:IP users|Adreesị IP]]. '''2026''' N'abalị iri na ise ọnwa Jenụwarị 2026, Wikipedia mere emume ncheta afọ iri abụọ na ise ya. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2026-01-28|title=Wikipedia is needed now more than ever, 25 years on|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00074-1|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=649|issue=8099|pages=1079–1080|doi=10.1038/d41586-026-00074-1|pmid=41606158|issn=1476-4687|accessdate=February 4, 2026}}</ref> E mepụtara ihe ngosi na "oge capsule" dị ka akụkụ nke ememe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Roth|first=Emma|date=2026-01-15|title=Wikipedia turns 25 and shares a glimpse into the lives of its volunteer editors|url=https://www.theverge.com/news/861935/wikipedia-25th-anniversary-2026|accessdate=2026-02-25|work=The Verge|language=en-US|archivedate=February 27, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260227081325/https://www.theverge.com/news/861935/wikipedia-25th-anniversary-2026}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ihe nkedo nke onye ọrụ BaduFerreira mepụtara nke a na-akpọ [[Baby Globe]]. Ọ pụtara mgbe emere usoro ncheta ọmụmụ na Wikipedia. E mepụtara [[:en:Collectable|ihe mkpofu]] [[:en:Plush|na-anakọta]] Baby Globe na mmekorita ya na Makeship.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fear|first=Natalie|date=2026-01-15|title=Wikipedia's new mascot is too cute for words|url=https://www.creativebloq.com/design/wikipedia-unveils-adorable-mascot-for-25th-anniversary|accessdate=2026-02-25|work=Creative Bloq|language=en}}</ref> E wepụrụ Baby Globe na saịtị Wikipedia na Eprel 7. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Baby Globe, Wikipedia's 25th birthday mascot|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/|accessdate=2026-04-14|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en|archivedate=February 24, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260224032253/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/}}</ref> N'abalị ir abụọ na asaa ọnwa Machị 2026, Wikipedia machibidoro iji ọdịnaya nke [[Large language model|LLMs]] mepụtara na isiokwu ya, ma e wezụga nsụgharị na obere mbipụta ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Milman|first=Oliver|date=2026-03-27|title=Wikipedia bans AI-generated content in its online encyclopedia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/mar/27/wikipedia-bans-ai|accessdate=2026-03-31|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-03-27|title=Wikipedia bans one type of content after 'heated debate'|url=https://www.newsweek.com/wikipedia-bans-ai-content-after-debate-11746790|accessdate=2026-03-31|work=Newsweek|language=en|archivedate=July 29, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260729125759/https://www.newsweek.com/wikipedia-bans-ai-content-after-debate-11746790}}</ref> N'abalị ir na otu ọnwa Mee 2026, Wikipedia wepụtara 25th Anniversary Reading Challenge maka ngwa iOS site na Mee iri na otu ruo Jun abalị iri na asatọ, ma weghachitekwa Baby Globe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-11|title=Wikimedia Apps/Team/25th Birthday Reading Challenge|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|accessdate=2026-06-14|work=MediaWiki|language=en|archivedate=June 5, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605021801/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge}}</ref> === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} == Edensibịa == * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] d01pdac0wej9kbsk0m0v7ai6s0ftgi1 705593 705592 2026-08-24T14:09:27Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* 2020 */ 705593 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Old wikipedia logo.png|alt=This is the very first logo|Nke o ji malite – na ngwụcha 2001 (nke dị naanị nwa oge) File:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|alt=This is the second "improved" logo|Site na ngwụcha 2001 ruo 12 Ọktoba 2003 File:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|alt=This is the next logo.|13 October 2003 – 13 May 2010 File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|alt=This is the present logo|13 May 2010 ruo ugbu a </gallery> == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>  ===Afọ Iri Nke Atọ (2020 ruo Ugbu a)=== ====2020==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ ọnwa Jenụwarị 2020, agbakwunyere isiokwu mezuru ya nde isii, bụ akụkọ ndụ [[Maria Elise Turner Lauder]], na Wikipedia Bekee. N'agbanyeghị uto a n'isiokwu ndị dị na ya, ntinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ nke Wikipedia, dịka Alexa tụrụ, nọgidere na-ebelata. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, Wikipedia dara ruo ịbụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke iri na otu n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com2">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> A na-eche na akụkọ Wikipedia banyere [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic|nsogbu ọrịa COVID-19]] na ndezi nkwado ndị metụtara ya, mkparịta ụka gasị, na ọbụna nhichapụ ndị e mere bụ ihe bara uru maka ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ọdịnihu ga-achọ ịghọta oge ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=27 May 2020|title=Future Historians Will Need Access to Coronavirus Misinformation|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/05/wikipedia-coronavirus-information-future-historians.html|work=Slate|accessdate=9 June 2020|archivedate=27 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527165139/https://slate.com/technology/2020/05/wikipedia-coronavirus-information-future-historians.html}}</ref> [[World Health Organization|Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa]] jikọrọ aka ha na Wikipedia dị ka isi ihe maka mgbasa ozi metụtara COVID-19 iji nyere aka lụso mgbasa ozi na-ezighi ezi ọgụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Matt|first=Chase|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=9 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=McNeil|first=Donald G.|date=22 October 2020|title=Wikipedia and W.H.O. Join to Combat Covid-19 Misinformation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227064918/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html|archivedate=27 December 2020|accessdate=25 October 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> '''2021''' Na Jenụwarị 2021, e kwuru n'ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche na a na-eme ncheta [[Wikipedia:20th anniversary|Afọ iri abụọ nke Wikipedia]]. <ref name="Kelly">{{Cite news|author=Kelly|first=Heather|date=15 January 2021|title=Technology: On its 20th birthday, Wikipedia might be the safest place online|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/15/wikipedia-20-year-anniversary/|quote=The world's largest online encyclopedia has learned lessons from fighting misinformation for two decades|accessdate=16 January 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Kent">{{Cite web|author=Kent|first=German|date=15 January 2021|title=In a post-truth world, we need Wikipedia more than ever|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/in-a-post-truth-world-we-need-wikipedia-more-than-ever/|publisher=[[CNET]]|quote=Commentary: Wikipedia celebrated its 20th anniversary today. The free encyclopedia may not be exciting, but its neutral, volunteer-driven content is incredibly valuable.|accessdate=16 January 2021|archivedate=21 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221144855/https://www.cnet.com/news/in-a-post-truth-world-we-need-wikipedia-more-than-ever/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=World in Progress: 20 years of Wikipedia|url=https://www.dw.com/en/world-in-progress-20-years-of-wikipedia/av-56212410|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|format=Audio|quote=The year marks the 20th anniversary of Wikipedia. Every month, more than 1.7 billion people visit the open-source website in search of information about, well, just about anything! We speak with Dr. Bernie Hogan from the [[Oxford Internet Institute]] about Wikipedia's successes, where it fits into the discrimination crisis, and the website's future.|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=5 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005082902/https://www.dw.com/en/world-in-progress-20-years-of-wikipedia/av-56212410}}</ref><ref name="Wales">{{Cite web|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=14 January 2021|title=As Wikipedia turns 20 it aims to reach more readers|url=https://news.yahoo.com/wikipedia-turns-20-aims-reach-035212015.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHKHaTI72xUEUz_BdVPt8DFvi-uLdmApcbSckrJrAbM_GpTwHsHtNHRdxX-KYAS6xk81e_p_w46bfh10PJVV7cmUzE-pWR5gsID2T8Kd1k0u-2r78p4Y4V16CKTPFcWRJzV0LwQMJyuEeeR7Vv-_lfVBiCT30KvF47aGzyE3QP-a|quote=Wikipedia is the web's seventh-most visited site|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=23 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923105157/https://news.yahoo.com/wikipedia-turns-20-aims-reach-035212015.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHKHaTI72xUEUz_BdVPt8DFvi-uLdmApcbSckrJrAbM_GpTwHsHtNHRdxX-KYAS6xk81e_p_w46bfh10PJVV7cmUzE-pWR5gsID2T8Kd1k0u-2r78p4Y4V16CKTPFcWRJzV0LwQMJyuEeeR7Vv-_lfVBiCT30KvF47aGzyE3QP-a}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ ọnwa Jenụwarị 2021, Wikipedia Bekee ruru otu ijeri ndezi e mere na ya, ebe [[Steven Pruitt]] mere ndezi nke mezuru ya otu ijeri.<ref name="vice.com">{{Cite web|date=15 January 2021|title=The English Language Wikipedia Just Had Its Billionth Edit|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-english-language-wikipedia-just-had-its-billionth-edit/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115145145/https://www.vice.com/en/article/k7appn/the-english-language-wikipedia-just-had-its-billionth-edit|archivedate=15 January 2021|accessdate=26 February 2021|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|language=en}}</ref> [[:en:MIT_Press|MIT Press]] bipụtara akwụkwọ edemede [[:en:Open_access|open access]] bụ ''[[:en:Wikipedia_@_20|Wikipedia @ 20]]'': Stories of an Unfinished Revolution, nke [[Joseph M. Reagle Jr.|Joseph Reagle]] na Jackie Koerner dezigharịrị nke ntinye banyere ya sitere n'aka ndị Wikipedia, ndị Wikimedia, ndị nchọpụta, ndị nta akụkọ, ndị na-ahụ maka ọbá akwụkwọ na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ na-atụgharị uche na akụkọ na isiokwu ụfọdụ. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/wikipedia-20|title=Wikipedia @ 20: Stories of an Incomplete Revolution|date=2020|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0262538176|editor=Reagle|location=Cambridge, MA|language=en|accessdate=12 November 2021}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, Wikipedia adaala bụrụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke iri na atọ n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com3">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> '''2022''' N'abalị isii ọnwa Disemba 2022, onye Wikipedian [[Richard Knipel]] mepụtara isiokwu [[:en:Artwork_title|Artwork title]], nke mmezigharị mbụ ya bụ draft nke [[:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] mepụtara, nke Knipel mere obere ndezi na ya iji kwekọọ na ụkpụrụ Wikipedia. Knipel kwuru na [[:en:Talk_page|ibe mkparịtaụka]] na o kwenyere na nke a bụ oge mbụ onye ọbụla jiri ChatGPT dee edemede Wikipedia. Ndị ndezi ndị ọzọ katọrọ mbipụta nke isiokwu a ma kpata esemokwu n'ime obodo Wikipedia, na-eduga na arụmụka sara mbara banyere ma a ga-eji ChatGPT na ụdị ndị yiri ya dee ọdịnaya maka Wikipedia na, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị otú ahụ, ruo n'ókè ole?.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=12 January 2023|title=Should ChatGPT Be Used to Write Wikipedia Articles?|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/chatgpt-wikipedia-articles.html|accessdate=30 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=28 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128200141/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/chatgpt-wikipedia-articles.html}}</ref> '''2023''' Na Jenụwarị 2023, a gbanwere interface desktọọpụ Wikipedia na nke mbụ kemgbe 2010, gaa na [[Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia|Vector 2022]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en-US|archivedate=19 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119234339/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/}}</ref> Njikọ ọhụrụ ahụ nwetara nkatọ dị ukwuu site n'aka ndị ọrụ. Ọtụtụ mmegide lekwasịrị anya na nhazi nke obosara ya, nke mepụtara ohere ọcha gabigara ókè n'akụkụ ya niile na monitor ndị sara mbara, na-eduga na mkparịta ụka dị okwu puku iri itoolu ma akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ kwesịrị ịghọ nke ndabara. [[Swahili Wikipedia|Wikipedia Swahili]] ji otu olu tụọ vootu ịjụ akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ ma "n'ụzọ dị njọ" chọọ ịlaghachi na akpụkpọ nke ochie. Nkatọ ndị ọzọ gara na Wikimedia Foundation maka iwe ndị otu imepụta ihe nwere obere ahụmịhe na wikis. Brandon Harris, onye bụ onye isi na-emepụta ihe na Wikipedia site na 2010 ruo 2014, kwuru, sị: "Wikimedia Foundation mgbe ụfọdụ na-ewe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-amaghị wiki nke ọma, ha na-abata ma gbalịa ime mgbanwe ndị a niile - na-agba ọsọ na mbụ banye n'ime mkpọtụ ụzụ - bụ ụzọ obodo ahụ na-esi eguzogide nke ọma".<ref name="slate">{{Cite web|author=Rauwerda|first=Annie|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Wikimedia Sound Logo Finalist VQ97.wav|thumb|[[Sound logo]] Mgbe mkparịta ụka na asọmpi gasịrị, a nabatara [[:en:Sound_logo|akara ngosi ụda]] mbụ nke Wikimedia (gụnyere Wikipedia). <ref name="wikimediafoundation.org">{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=Wikipedia's new sound logo: Winner of The Sound of All Human Knowledge contest announced|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/|accessdate=2023-05-02|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en-US|archivedate=6 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406101352/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/}}</ref> '''2024''' Na Jenụwarị 13, 2024, etinyere otu Wikipedia Bekee, echekwara na [[5D optical data storage|Nchekwa data anya 5D]], n'ụlọ nnyocha dị n'okpuru ala na Switzerland, na-enwe ikike ịnọgide na nchekwa ruo ijeri afọ iri na anọ, n'ihi teknụzụ nchekwa ejiri. Enwere ike ịgụ akwụkwọ ahụ site na iji [[:en:Microscope|microscope]], na-enweghị mkpa iji [[Digital electronics|teknụzụ dijitalụ]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Knowledge Vault|url=https://www.archmission.org/gkv|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Arch Mission Foundation - Preserving humanity forever, in space and on Earth.|language=en-US|archivedate=July 30, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260730024832/https://www.archmission.org/gkv}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2024, e nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ibugo otu Wikipedia Bekee n'ime ọnwa, dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ Galactic Legacy Archive. Ọrụ ahụ bụ nke [[:en:Intuitive_Machines|Intuitive Machines]], ebe [[SpaceX]] tụbara rọket ahụ. A na-echekwa data ahụ dị ka iji layer iri na isii nke nickel, a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ nwere ike ịnọ n'elu ọnwa ruo ijeri afọ ise. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Galactic Legacy Archive|url=https://www.archmission.org/galactic-legacy-archive|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Arch Mission Foundation - Preserving humanity forever, in space and on Earth.|language=en-US|archivedate=March 28, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328153354/https://www.archmission.org/galactic-legacy-archive}}</ref> '''2025''' N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, ewepụtara [[:en:Wikipedia:Temporary_accounts|akaụntụ nwa oge]] maka ndị editọ Wikipedia pụrụ na akaụntụ ha, na-anọchi anya iji [[Wikipedia:IP users|Adreesị IP]]. '''2026''' [[File:Work-in-progress animation of the Wikipedia 25 birthday mascot scrolling on a phone.gif|thumb|Illustration of Baby Globe scrolling on a phone]] N'abalị iri na ise ọnwa Jenụwarị 2026, Wikipedia mere emume ncheta afọ iri abụọ na ise ya. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2026-01-28|title=Wikipedia is needed now more than ever, 25 years on|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00074-1|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=649|issue=8099|pages=1079–1080|doi=10.1038/d41586-026-00074-1|pmid=41606158|issn=1476-4687|accessdate=February 4, 2026}}</ref> E mepụtara ihe ngosi na "oge capsule" dị ka akụkụ nke ememe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Roth|first=Emma|date=2026-01-15|title=Wikipedia turns 25 and shares a glimpse into the lives of its volunteer editors|url=https://www.theverge.com/news/861935/wikipedia-25th-anniversary-2026|accessdate=2026-02-25|work=The Verge|language=en-US|archivedate=February 27, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260227081325/https://www.theverge.com/news/861935/wikipedia-25th-anniversary-2026}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ihe nkedo nke onye ọrụ BaduFerreira mepụtara nke a na-akpọ [[Baby Globe]]. Ọ pụtara mgbe emere usoro ncheta ọmụmụ na Wikipedia. E mepụtara [[:en:Collectable|ihe mkpofu]] [[:en:Plush|na-anakọta]] Baby Globe na mmekorita ya na Makeship.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fear|first=Natalie|date=2026-01-15|title=Wikipedia's new mascot is too cute for words|url=https://www.creativebloq.com/design/wikipedia-unveils-adorable-mascot-for-25th-anniversary|accessdate=2026-02-25|work=Creative Bloq|language=en}}</ref> E wepụrụ Baby Globe na saịtị Wikipedia na Eprel 7. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Baby Globe, Wikipedia's 25th birthday mascot|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/|accessdate=2026-04-14|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en|archivedate=February 24, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260224032253/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/}}</ref> N'abalị ir abụọ na asaa ọnwa Machị 2026, Wikipedia machibidoro iji ọdịnaya nke [[Large language model|LLMs]] mepụtara na isiokwu ya, ma e wezụga nsụgharị na obere mbipụta ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Milman|first=Oliver|date=2026-03-27|title=Wikipedia bans AI-generated content in its online encyclopedia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/mar/27/wikipedia-bans-ai|accessdate=2026-03-31|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-03-27|title=Wikipedia bans one type of content after 'heated debate'|url=https://www.newsweek.com/wikipedia-bans-ai-content-after-debate-11746790|accessdate=2026-03-31|work=Newsweek|language=en|archivedate=July 29, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260729125759/https://www.newsweek.com/wikipedia-bans-ai-content-after-debate-11746790}}</ref> N'abalị ir na otu ọnwa Mee 2026, Wikipedia wepụtara 25th Anniversary Reading Challenge maka ngwa iOS site na Mee iri na otu ruo Jun abalị iri na asatọ, ma weghachitekwa Baby Globe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-11|title=Wikimedia Apps/Team/25th Birthday Reading Challenge|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|accessdate=2026-06-14|work=MediaWiki|language=en|archivedate=June 5, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605021801/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge}}</ref> === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} == Edensibịa == * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nwb7kpmcct26pp2oa8u5yh61q5c4rk0 705594 705593 2026-08-24T14:12:38Z Goodymeraj 16207 /* 2020 */ 705594 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Old wikipedia logo.png|alt=This is the very first logo|Nke o ji malite – na ngwụcha 2001 (nke dị naanị nwa oge) File:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|alt=This is the second "improved" logo|Site na ngwụcha 2001 ruo 12 Ọktoba 2003 File:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|alt=This is the next logo.|13 October 2003 – 13 May 2010 File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|alt=This is the present logo|13 May 2010 ruo ugbu a </gallery> == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>  ===Afọ Iri Nke Atọ (2020 ruo Ugbu a)=== ====2020==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ ọnwa Jenụwarị 2020, agbakwunyere isiokwu mezuru ya nde isii, bụ akụkọ ndụ [[Maria Elise Turner Lauder]], na Wikipedia Bekee. N'agbanyeghị uto a n'isiokwu ndị dị na ya, ntinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ nke Wikipedia, dịka Alexa tụrụ, nọgidere na-ebelata. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, Wikipedia dara ruo ịbụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke iri na otu n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com2">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> A na-eche na akụkọ Wikipedia banyere [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic|nsogbu ọrịa COVID-19]] na ndezi nkwado ndị metụtara ya, mkparịta ụka gasị, na ọbụna nhichapụ ndị e mere bụ ihe bara uru maka ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ọdịnihu ga-achọ ịghọta oge ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=27 May 2020|title=Future Historians Will Need Access to Coronavirus Misinformation|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/05/wikipedia-coronavirus-information-future-historians.html|work=Slate|accessdate=9 June 2020|archivedate=27 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527165139/https://slate.com/technology/2020/05/wikipedia-coronavirus-information-future-historians.html}}</ref> [[World Health Organization|Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa]] jikọrọ aka ha na Wikipedia dị ka isi ihe maka mgbasa ozi metụtara COVID-19 iji nyere aka lụso mgbasa ozi na-ezighi ezi ọgụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Matt|first=Chase|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=9 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=McNeil|first=Donald G.|date=22 October 2020|title=Wikipedia and W.H.O. Join to Combat Covid-19 Misinformation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227064918/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html|archivedate=27 December 2020|accessdate=25 October 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> '''2021''' Na Jenụwarị 2021, e kwuru n'ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche na a na-eme ncheta [[Wikipedia:20th anniversary|Afọ iri abụọ nke Wikipedia]]. <ref name="Kelly">{{Cite news|author=Kelly|first=Heather|date=15 January 2021|title=Technology: On its 20th birthday, Wikipedia might be the safest place online|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/15/wikipedia-20-year-anniversary/|quote=The world's largest online encyclopedia has learned lessons from fighting misinformation for two decades|accessdate=16 January 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Kent">{{Cite web|author=Kent|first=German|date=15 January 2021|title=In a post-truth world, we need Wikipedia more than ever|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/in-a-post-truth-world-we-need-wikipedia-more-than-ever/|publisher=[[CNET]]|quote=Commentary: Wikipedia celebrated its 20th anniversary today. The free encyclopedia may not be exciting, but its neutral, volunteer-driven content is incredibly valuable.|accessdate=16 January 2021|archivedate=21 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221144855/https://www.cnet.com/news/in-a-post-truth-world-we-need-wikipedia-more-than-ever/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=World in Progress: 20 years of Wikipedia|url=https://www.dw.com/en/world-in-progress-20-years-of-wikipedia/av-56212410|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|format=Audio|quote=The year marks the 20th anniversary of Wikipedia. Every month, more than 1.7 billion people visit the open-source website in search of information about, well, just about anything! We speak with Dr. Bernie Hogan from the [[Oxford Internet Institute]] about Wikipedia's successes, where it fits into the discrimination crisis, and the website's future.|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=5 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005082902/https://www.dw.com/en/world-in-progress-20-years-of-wikipedia/av-56212410}}</ref><ref name="Wales">{{Cite web|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=14 January 2021|title=As Wikipedia turns 20 it aims to reach more readers|url=https://news.yahoo.com/wikipedia-turns-20-aims-reach-035212015.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHKHaTI72xUEUz_BdVPt8DFvi-uLdmApcbSckrJrAbM_GpTwHsHtNHRdxX-KYAS6xk81e_p_w46bfh10PJVV7cmUzE-pWR5gsID2T8Kd1k0u-2r78p4Y4V16CKTPFcWRJzV0LwQMJyuEeeR7Vv-_lfVBiCT30KvF47aGzyE3QP-a|quote=Wikipedia is the web's seventh-most visited site|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=23 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923105157/https://news.yahoo.com/wikipedia-turns-20-aims-reach-035212015.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHKHaTI72xUEUz_BdVPt8DFvi-uLdmApcbSckrJrAbM_GpTwHsHtNHRdxX-KYAS6xk81e_p_w46bfh10PJVV7cmUzE-pWR5gsID2T8Kd1k0u-2r78p4Y4V16CKTPFcWRJzV0LwQMJyuEeeR7Vv-_lfVBiCT30KvF47aGzyE3QP-a}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ ọnwa Jenụwarị 2021, Wikipedia Bekee ruru otu ijeri ndezi e mere na ya, ebe [[Steven Pruitt]] mere ndezi nke mezuru ya otu ijeri.<ref name="vice.com">{{Cite web|date=15 January 2021|title=The English Language Wikipedia Just Had Its Billionth Edit|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-english-language-wikipedia-just-had-its-billionth-edit/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115145145/https://www.vice.com/en/article/k7appn/the-english-language-wikipedia-just-had-its-billionth-edit|archivedate=15 January 2021|accessdate=26 February 2021|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|language=en}}</ref> [[:en:MIT_Press|MIT Press]] bipụtara akwụkwọ edemede [[:en:Open_access|open access]] bụ ''[[:en:Wikipedia_@_20|Wikipedia @ 20]]'': Stories of an Unfinished Revolution, nke [[Joseph M. Reagle Jr.|Joseph Reagle]] na Jackie Koerner dezigharịrị nke ntinye banyere ya sitere n'aka ndị Wikipedia, ndị Wikimedia, ndị nchọpụta, ndị nta akụkọ, ndị na-ahụ maka ọbá akwụkwọ na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ na-atụgharị uche na akụkọ na isiokwu ụfọdụ. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/wikipedia-20|title=Wikipedia @ 20: Stories of an Incomplete Revolution|date=2020|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0262538176|editor=Reagle|location=Cambridge, MA|language=en|accessdate=12 November 2021}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, Wikipedia adaala bụrụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke iri na atọ n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com3">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> '''2022''' N'abalị isii ọnwa Disemba 2022, onye Wikipedian [[Richard Knipel]] mepụtara isiokwu [[:en:Artwork_title|Artwork title]], nke mmezigharị mbụ ya bụ draft nke [[:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] mepụtara, nke Knipel mere obere ndezi na ya iji kwekọọ na ụkpụrụ Wikipedia. Knipel kwuru na [[:en:Talk_page|ibe mkparịtaụka]] na o kwenyere na nke a bụ oge mbụ onye ọbụla jiri ChatGPT dee edemede Wikipedia. Ndị ndezi ndị ọzọ katọrọ mbipụta nke isiokwu a ma kpata esemokwu n'ime obodo Wikipedia, na-eduga na arụmụka sara mbara banyere ma a ga-eji ChatGPT na ụdị ndị yiri ya dee ọdịnaya maka Wikipedia na, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị otú ahụ, ruo n'ókè ole?.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=12 January 2023|title=Should ChatGPT Be Used to Write Wikipedia Articles?|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/chatgpt-wikipedia-articles.html|accessdate=30 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=28 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128200141/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/chatgpt-wikipedia-articles.html}}</ref> '''2023''' Na Jenụwarị 2023, a gbanwere interface desktọọpụ Wikipedia na nke mbụ kemgbe 2010, gaa na [[Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia|Vector 2022]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en-US|archivedate=19 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119234339/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/}}</ref> Njikọ ọhụrụ ahụ nwetara nkatọ dị ukwuu site n'aka ndị ọrụ. Ọtụtụ mmegide lekwasịrị anya na nhazi nke obosara ya, nke mepụtara ohere ọcha gabigara ókè n'akụkụ ya niile na monitor ndị sara mbara, na-eduga na mkparịta ụka dị okwu puku iri itoolu ma akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ kwesịrị ịghọ nke ndabara. [[Swahili Wikipedia|Wikipedia Swahili]] ji otu olu tụọ vootu ịjụ akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ ma "n'ụzọ dị njọ" chọọ ịlaghachi na akpụkpọ nke ochie. Nkatọ ndị ọzọ gara na Wikimedia Foundation maka iwe ndị otu imepụta ihe nwere obere ahụmịhe na wikis. Brandon Harris, onye bụ onye isi na-emepụta ihe na Wikipedia site na 2010 ruo 2014, kwuru, sị: "Wikimedia Foundation mgbe ụfọdụ na-ewe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-amaghị wiki nke ọma, ha na-abata ma gbalịa ime mgbanwe ndị a niile - na-agba ọsọ na mbụ banye n'ime mkpọtụ ụzụ - bụ ụzọ obodo ahụ na-esi eguzogide nke ọma".<ref name="slate">{{Cite web|author=Rauwerda|first=Annie|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Wikimedia Sound Logo Finalist VQ97.wav|thumb|[[Sound logo]] of Wikimedia (including Wikipedia)<ref name="wikimediafoundation.org">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-28 |title=Wikipedia's new sound logo: Winner of The Sound of All Human Knowledge contest announced |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/ |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Wikimedia Foundation |language=en-US |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406101352/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Mgbe mkparịta ụka na asọmpi gasịrị, a nabatara [[:en:Sound_logo|akara ngosi ụda]] mbụ nke Wikimedia (gụnyere Wikipedia). <ref name="wikimediafoundation.org">{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=Wikipedia's new sound logo: Winner of The Sound of All Human Knowledge contest announced|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/|accessdate=2023-05-02|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en-US|archivedate=6 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406101352/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/}}</ref> '''2024''' Na Jenụwarị 13, 2024, etinyere otu Wikipedia Bekee, echekwara na [[5D optical data storage|Nchekwa data anya 5D]], n'ụlọ nnyocha dị n'okpuru ala na Switzerland, na-enwe ikike ịnọgide na nchekwa ruo ijeri afọ iri na anọ, n'ihi teknụzụ nchekwa ejiri. Enwere ike ịgụ akwụkwọ ahụ site na iji [[:en:Microscope|microscope]], na-enweghị mkpa iji [[Digital electronics|teknụzụ dijitalụ]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Knowledge Vault|url=https://www.archmission.org/gkv|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Arch Mission Foundation - Preserving humanity forever, in space and on Earth.|language=en-US|archivedate=July 30, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260730024832/https://www.archmission.org/gkv}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2024, e nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ibugo otu Wikipedia Bekee n'ime ọnwa, dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ Galactic Legacy Archive. Ọrụ ahụ bụ nke [[:en:Intuitive_Machines|Intuitive Machines]], ebe [[SpaceX]] tụbara rọket ahụ. A na-echekwa data ahụ dị ka iji layer iri na isii nke nickel, a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ nwere ike ịnọ n'elu ọnwa ruo ijeri afọ ise. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Galactic Legacy Archive|url=https://www.archmission.org/galactic-legacy-archive|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Arch Mission Foundation - Preserving humanity forever, in space and on Earth.|language=en-US|archivedate=March 28, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328153354/https://www.archmission.org/galactic-legacy-archive}}</ref> '''2025''' N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, ewepụtara [[:en:Wikipedia:Temporary_accounts|akaụntụ nwa oge]] maka ndị editọ Wikipedia pụrụ na akaụntụ ha, na-anọchi anya iji [[Wikipedia:IP users|Adreesị IP]]. '''2026''' [[File:Work-in-progress animation of the Wikipedia 25 birthday mascot scrolling on a phone.gif|thumb|Illustration of Baby Globe scrolling on a phone]] N'abalị iri na ise ọnwa Jenụwarị 2026, Wikipedia mere emume ncheta afọ iri abụọ na ise ya. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2026-01-28|title=Wikipedia is needed now more than ever, 25 years on|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00074-1|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=649|issue=8099|pages=1079–1080|doi=10.1038/d41586-026-00074-1|pmid=41606158|issn=1476-4687|accessdate=February 4, 2026}}</ref> E mepụtara ihe ngosi na "oge capsule" dị ka akụkụ nke ememe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Roth|first=Emma|date=2026-01-15|title=Wikipedia turns 25 and shares a glimpse into the lives of its volunteer editors|url=https://www.theverge.com/news/861935/wikipedia-25th-anniversary-2026|accessdate=2026-02-25|work=The Verge|language=en-US|archivedate=February 27, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260227081325/https://www.theverge.com/news/861935/wikipedia-25th-anniversary-2026}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ihe nkedo nke onye ọrụ BaduFerreira mepụtara nke a na-akpọ [[Baby Globe]]. Ọ pụtara mgbe emere usoro ncheta ọmụmụ na Wikipedia. E mepụtara [[:en:Collectable|ihe mkpofu]] [[:en:Plush|na-anakọta]] Baby Globe na mmekorita ya na Makeship.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fear|first=Natalie|date=2026-01-15|title=Wikipedia's new mascot is too cute for words|url=https://www.creativebloq.com/design/wikipedia-unveils-adorable-mascot-for-25th-anniversary|accessdate=2026-02-25|work=Creative Bloq|language=en}}</ref> E wepụrụ Baby Globe na saịtị Wikipedia na Eprel 7. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Baby Globe, Wikipedia's 25th birthday mascot|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/|accessdate=2026-04-14|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en|archivedate=February 24, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260224032253/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/}}</ref> N'abalị ir abụọ na asaa ọnwa Machị 2026, Wikipedia machibidoro iji ọdịnaya nke [[Large language model|LLMs]] mepụtara na isiokwu ya, ma e wezụga nsụgharị na obere mbipụta ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Milman|first=Oliver|date=2026-03-27|title=Wikipedia bans AI-generated content in its online encyclopedia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/mar/27/wikipedia-bans-ai|accessdate=2026-03-31|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-03-27|title=Wikipedia bans one type of content after 'heated debate'|url=https://www.newsweek.com/wikipedia-bans-ai-content-after-debate-11746790|accessdate=2026-03-31|work=Newsweek|language=en|archivedate=July 29, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260729125759/https://www.newsweek.com/wikipedia-bans-ai-content-after-debate-11746790}}</ref> N'abalị ir na otu ọnwa Mee 2026, Wikipedia wepụtara 25th Anniversary Reading Challenge maka ngwa iOS site na Mee iri na otu ruo Jun abalị iri na asatọ, ma weghachitekwa Baby Globe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-11|title=Wikimedia Apps/Team/25th Birthday Reading Challenge|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|accessdate=2026-06-14|work=MediaWiki|language=en|archivedate=June 5, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605021801/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge}}</ref> === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} == Edensibịa == * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 166k7vjjj6czmpy8nz5wp2behlzf9k8 705595 705594 2026-08-24T14:16:36Z Goodymeraj 16207 705595 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Old wikipedia logo.png|alt=This is the very first logo|Nke o ji malite – na ngwụcha 2001 (nke dị naanị nwa oge) File:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|alt=This is the second "improved" logo|Site na ngwụcha 2001 ruo 12 Ọktoba 2003 File:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|alt=This is the next logo.|13 October 2003 – 13 May 2010 File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|alt=This is the present logo|13 May 2010 ruo ugbu a </gallery> == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>  ===Afọ Iri Nke Atọ (2020 ruo Ugbu a)=== ====2020==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ ọnwa Jenụwarị 2020, agbakwunyere isiokwu mezuru ya nde isii, bụ akụkọ ndụ [[Maria Elise Turner Lauder]], na Wikipedia Bekee. N'agbanyeghị uto a n'isiokwu ndị dị na ya, ntinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ nke Wikipedia, dịka Alexa tụrụ, nọgidere na-ebelata. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, Wikipedia dara ruo ịbụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke iri na otu n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com2">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> A na-eche na akụkọ Wikipedia banyere [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic|nsogbu ọrịa COVID-19]] na ndezi nkwado ndị metụtara ya, mkparịta ụka gasị, na ọbụna nhichapụ ndị e mere bụ ihe bara uru maka ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ọdịnihu ga-achọ ịghọta oge ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=27 May 2020|title=Future Historians Will Need Access to Coronavirus Misinformation|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/05/wikipedia-coronavirus-information-future-historians.html|work=Slate|accessdate=9 June 2020|archivedate=27 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527165139/https://slate.com/technology/2020/05/wikipedia-coronavirus-information-future-historians.html}}</ref> [[World Health Organization|Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa]] jikọrọ aka ha na Wikipedia dị ka isi ihe maka mgbasa ozi metụtara COVID-19 iji nyere aka lụso mgbasa ozi na-ezighi ezi ọgụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Matt|first=Chase|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=9 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=McNeil|first=Donald G.|date=22 October 2020|title=Wikipedia and W.H.O. Join to Combat Covid-19 Misinformation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227064918/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html|archivedate=27 December 2020|accessdate=25 October 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> '''2021''' Na Jenụwarị 2021, e kwuru n'ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche na a na-eme ncheta [[Wikipedia:20th anniversary|Afọ iri abụọ nke Wikipedia]]. <ref name="Kelly">{{Cite news|author=Kelly|first=Heather|date=15 January 2021|title=Technology: On its 20th birthday, Wikipedia might be the safest place online|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/15/wikipedia-20-year-anniversary/|quote=The world's largest online encyclopedia has learned lessons from fighting misinformation for two decades|accessdate=16 January 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Kent">{{Cite web|author=Kent|first=German|date=15 January 2021|title=In a post-truth world, we need Wikipedia more than ever|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/in-a-post-truth-world-we-need-wikipedia-more-than-ever/|publisher=[[CNET]]|quote=Commentary: Wikipedia celebrated its 20th anniversary today. The free encyclopedia may not be exciting, but its neutral, volunteer-driven content is incredibly valuable.|accessdate=16 January 2021|archivedate=21 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221144855/https://www.cnet.com/news/in-a-post-truth-world-we-need-wikipedia-more-than-ever/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=World in Progress: 20 years of Wikipedia|url=https://www.dw.com/en/world-in-progress-20-years-of-wikipedia/av-56212410|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|format=Audio|quote=The year marks the 20th anniversary of Wikipedia. Every month, more than 1.7 billion people visit the open-source website in search of information about, well, just about anything! We speak with Dr. Bernie Hogan from the [[Oxford Internet Institute]] about Wikipedia's successes, where it fits into the discrimination crisis, and the website's future.|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=5 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005082902/https://www.dw.com/en/world-in-progress-20-years-of-wikipedia/av-56212410}}</ref><ref name="Wales">{{Cite web|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=14 January 2021|title=As Wikipedia turns 20 it aims to reach more readers|url=https://news.yahoo.com/wikipedia-turns-20-aims-reach-035212015.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHKHaTI72xUEUz_BdVPt8DFvi-uLdmApcbSckrJrAbM_GpTwHsHtNHRdxX-KYAS6xk81e_p_w46bfh10PJVV7cmUzE-pWR5gsID2T8Kd1k0u-2r78p4Y4V16CKTPFcWRJzV0LwQMJyuEeeR7Vv-_lfVBiCT30KvF47aGzyE3QP-a|quote=Wikipedia is the web's seventh-most visited site|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=23 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923105157/https://news.yahoo.com/wikipedia-turns-20-aims-reach-035212015.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHKHaTI72xUEUz_BdVPt8DFvi-uLdmApcbSckrJrAbM_GpTwHsHtNHRdxX-KYAS6xk81e_p_w46bfh10PJVV7cmUzE-pWR5gsID2T8Kd1k0u-2r78p4Y4V16CKTPFcWRJzV0LwQMJyuEeeR7Vv-_lfVBiCT30KvF47aGzyE3QP-a}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ ọnwa Jenụwarị 2021, Wikipedia Bekee ruru otu ijeri ndezi e mere na ya, ebe [[Steven Pruitt]] mere ndezi nke mezuru ya otu ijeri.<ref name="vice.com">{{Cite web|date=15 January 2021|title=The English Language Wikipedia Just Had Its Billionth Edit|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-english-language-wikipedia-just-had-its-billionth-edit/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115145145/https://www.vice.com/en/article/k7appn/the-english-language-wikipedia-just-had-its-billionth-edit|archivedate=15 January 2021|accessdate=26 February 2021|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|language=en}}</ref> [[:en:MIT_Press|MIT Press]] bipụtara akwụkwọ edemede [[:en:Open_access|open access]] bụ ''[[:en:Wikipedia_@_20|Wikipedia @ 20]]'': Stories of an Unfinished Revolution, nke [[Joseph M. Reagle Jr.|Joseph Reagle]] na Jackie Koerner dezigharịrị nke ntinye banyere ya sitere n'aka ndị Wikipedia, ndị Wikimedia, ndị nchọpụta, ndị nta akụkọ, ndị na-ahụ maka ọbá akwụkwọ na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ na-atụgharị uche na akụkọ na isiokwu ụfọdụ. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/wikipedia-20|title=Wikipedia @ 20: Stories of an Incomplete Revolution|date=2020|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0262538176|editor=Reagle|location=Cambridge, MA|language=en|accessdate=12 November 2021}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, Wikipedia adaala bụrụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke iri na atọ n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com3">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> '''2022''' N'abalị isii ọnwa Disemba 2022, onye Wikipedian [[Richard Knipel]] mepụtara isiokwu [[:en:Artwork_title|Artwork title]], nke mmezigharị mbụ ya bụ draft nke [[:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] mepụtara, nke Knipel mere obere ndezi na ya iji kwekọọ na ụkpụrụ Wikipedia. Knipel kwuru na [[:en:Talk_page|ibe mkparịtaụka]] na o kwenyere na nke a bụ oge mbụ onye ọbụla jiri ChatGPT dee edemede Wikipedia. Ndị ndezi ndị ọzọ katọrọ mbipụta nke isiokwu a ma kpata esemokwu n'ime obodo Wikipedia, na-eduga na arụmụka sara mbara banyere ma a ga-eji ChatGPT na ụdị ndị yiri ya dee ọdịnaya maka Wikipedia na, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị otú ahụ, ruo n'ókè ole?.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=12 January 2023|title=Should ChatGPT Be Used to Write Wikipedia Articles?|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/chatgpt-wikipedia-articles.html|accessdate=30 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=28 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128200141/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/chatgpt-wikipedia-articles.html}}</ref> '''2023''' Na Jenụwarị 2023, a gbanwere interface desktọọpụ Wikipedia na nke mbụ kemgbe 2010, gaa na [[Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia|Vector 2022]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en-US|archivedate=19 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119234339/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/}}</ref> Njikọ ọhụrụ ahụ nwetara nkatọ dị ukwuu site n'aka ndị ọrụ. Ọtụtụ mmegide lekwasịrị anya na nhazi nke obosara ya, nke mepụtara ohere ọcha gabigara ókè n'akụkụ ya niile na monitor ndị sara mbara, na-eduga na mkparịta ụka dị okwu puku iri itoolu ma akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ kwesịrị ịghọ nke ndabara. [[Swahili Wikipedia|Wikipedia Swahili]] ji otu olu tụọ vootu ịjụ akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ ma "n'ụzọ dị njọ" chọọ ịlaghachi na akpụkpọ nke ochie. Nkatọ ndị ọzọ gara na Wikimedia Foundation maka iwe ndị otu imepụta ihe nwere obere ahụmịhe na wikis. Brandon Harris, onye bụ onye isi na-emepụta ihe na Wikipedia site na 2010 ruo 2014, kwuru, sị: "Wikimedia Foundation mgbe ụfọdụ na-ewe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-amaghị wiki nke ọma, ha na-abata ma gbalịa ime mgbanwe ndị a niile - na-agba ọsọ na mbụ banye n'ime mkpọtụ ụzụ - bụ ụzọ obodo ahụ na-esi eguzogide nke ọma".<ref name="slate">{{Cite web|author=Rauwerda|first=Annie|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Wikimedia Sound Logo Finalist VQ97.wav|thumb|[[Sound logo]] of Wikimedia (including Wikipedia)<ref name="wikimediafoundation.org">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-28 |title=Wikipedia's new sound logo: Winner of The Sound of All Human Knowledge contest announced |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/ |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Wikimedia Foundation |language=en-US |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406101352/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Mgbe mkparịta ụka na asọmpi gasịrị, a nabatara [[:en:Sound_logo|akara ngosi ụda]] mbụ nke Wikimedia (gụnyere Wikipedia). <ref name="wikimediafoundation.org" /> '''2024''' Na Jenụwarị 13, 2024, etinyere otu Wikipedia Bekee, echekwara na [[5D optical data storage|Nchekwa data anya 5D]], n'ụlọ nnyocha dị n'okpuru ala na Switzerland, na-enwe ikike ịnọgide na nchekwa ruo ijeri afọ iri na anọ, n'ihi teknụzụ nchekwa ejiri. Enwere ike ịgụ akwụkwọ ahụ site na iji [[:en:Microscope|microscope]], na-enweghị mkpa iji [[Digital electronics|teknụzụ dijitalụ]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Knowledge Vault|url=https://www.archmission.org/gkv|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Arch Mission Foundation - Preserving humanity forever, in space and on Earth.|language=en-US|archivedate=July 30, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260730024832/https://www.archmission.org/gkv}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2024, e nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ibugo otu Wikipedia Bekee n'ime ọnwa, dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ Galactic Legacy Archive. Ọrụ ahụ bụ nke [[:en:Intuitive_Machines|Intuitive Machines]], ebe [[SpaceX]] tụbara rọket ahụ. A na-echekwa data ahụ dị ka iji layer iri na isii nke nickel, a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ nwere ike ịnọ n'elu ọnwa ruo ijeri afọ ise. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Galactic Legacy Archive|url=https://www.archmission.org/galactic-legacy-archive|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Arch Mission Foundation - Preserving humanity forever, in space and on Earth.|language=en-US|archivedate=March 28, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328153354/https://www.archmission.org/galactic-legacy-archive}}</ref> '''2025''' N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, ewepụtara [[:en:Wikipedia:Temporary_accounts|akaụntụ nwa oge]] maka ndị editọ Wikipedia pụrụ na akaụntụ ha, na-anọchi anya iji [[Wikipedia:IP users|Adreesị IP]]. '''2026''' [[File:Work-in-progress animation of the Wikipedia 25 birthday mascot scrolling on a phone.gif|thumb|Illustration of Baby Globe scrolling on a phone]] N'abalị iri na ise ọnwa Jenụwarị 2026, Wikipedia mere emume ncheta afọ iri abụọ na ise ya. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2026-01-28|title=Wikipedia is needed now more than ever, 25 years on|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00074-1|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=649|issue=8099|pages=1079–1080|doi=10.1038/d41586-026-00074-1|pmid=41606158|issn=1476-4687|accessdate=February 4, 2026}}</ref> E mepụtara ihe ngosi na "oge capsule" dị ka akụkụ nke ememe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Roth|first=Emma|date=2026-01-15|title=Wikipedia turns 25 and shares a glimpse into the lives of its volunteer editors|url=https://www.theverge.com/news/861935/wikipedia-25th-anniversary-2026|accessdate=2026-02-25|work=The Verge|language=en-US|archivedate=February 27, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260227081325/https://www.theverge.com/news/861935/wikipedia-25th-anniversary-2026}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ihe nkedo nke onye ọrụ BaduFerreira mepụtara nke a na-akpọ [[Baby Globe]]. Ọ pụtara mgbe emere usoro ncheta ọmụmụ na Wikipedia. E mepụtara [[:en:Collectable|ihe mkpofu]] [[:en:Plush|na-anakọta]] Baby Globe na mmekorita ya na Makeship.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fear|first=Natalie|date=2026-01-15|title=Wikipedia's new mascot is too cute for words|url=https://www.creativebloq.com/design/wikipedia-unveils-adorable-mascot-for-25th-anniversary|accessdate=2026-02-25|work=Creative Bloq|language=en}}</ref> E wepụrụ Baby Globe na saịtị Wikipedia na Eprel 7. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Baby Globe, Wikipedia's 25th birthday mascot|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/|accessdate=2026-04-14|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en|archivedate=February 24, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260224032253/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/}}</ref> N'abalị ir abụọ na asaa ọnwa Machị 2026, Wikipedia machibidoro iji ọdịnaya nke [[Large language model|LLMs]] mepụtara na isiokwu ya, ma e wezụga nsụgharị na obere mbipụta ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Milman|first=Oliver|date=2026-03-27|title=Wikipedia bans AI-generated content in its online encyclopedia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/mar/27/wikipedia-bans-ai|accessdate=2026-03-31|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-03-27|title=Wikipedia bans one type of content after 'heated debate'|url=https://www.newsweek.com/wikipedia-bans-ai-content-after-debate-11746790|accessdate=2026-03-31|work=Newsweek|language=en|archivedate=July 29, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260729125759/https://www.newsweek.com/wikipedia-bans-ai-content-after-debate-11746790}}</ref> N'abalị ir na otu ọnwa Mee 2026, Wikipedia wepụtara 25th Anniversary Reading Challenge maka ngwa iOS site na Mee iri na otu ruo Jun abalị iri na asatọ, ma weghachitekwa Baby Globe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-11|title=Wikimedia Apps/Team/25th Birthday Reading Challenge|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|accessdate=2026-06-14|work=MediaWiki|language=en|archivedate=June 5, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605021801/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge}}</ref> === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} == Edensibịa == * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f24p9t1d5wmw4xs5r51yt43k2zkiy25 0 79173 705591 705154 2026-08-24T14:04:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705591 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ Agụmakwụkwọ ka elu nke gọọmentị etiti dị na Asaba City, Delta State, Naịjịrịa . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-04|title=List of Accredited Colleges of Education in Nigeria|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/colleges-of-education-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NCCE Online|url=http://www.ncceonline.edu.ng/colleges.php|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=www.ncceonline.edu.ng|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213105/http://www.ncceonline.edu.ng/colleges.php}}</ref> Ọ nwere njikọ na [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|Mahadum Benin (Naijira)]] maka mmemme nzere ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNIBEN approves 5 additional degree courses for Federal College of Education Technical Asaba - Samphina Nigeria|url=https://samphina.com.ng/federal-college-education-technical-asaba-undergraduate-courses/|work=Samphina Nigeria|date=26 November 2022}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ASABA|url=https://universitycompass.com/colleges/Federal-College-of-Education-Asaba.php|work=Universitycompass}}</ref> Kọleji ahụ malitere n'afọ 1987 na ụlọ akwụkwọ [[Asaba]] Technical koleji, (ATC) na ebe nwa oge ya. Asaba bụ Urban Center na-emepe ngwa ngwa na isi ụlọ ọrụ nchịkwa nke Delta State.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FCE Asaba Gets First Female Provost {{!}} Independent Newspapers Nigeria|url=https://www.independent.ng/fcet-asaba-gets-first-female-provost/|accessdate=2020-10-27|work=www.independent.ng}}</ref> Ugbua, onye isi nke ụlọakwụkwọ Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba bụ Josephine Anene-Okakwa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-03-04|title=Lecturers, Students, Accuse Federal College Of Education Provost Of Nepotism, Highhandedness, Intimidation|url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/03/04/lecturers-students-accuse-federal-college-education-provost-nepotism-highhandedness|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> E guzobere ụlọakwụkwọ Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba n'afo 1987. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-03-29|title=Asaba College to commence NOUN programme|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/03/asaba-college-to-commence-noun-programme/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Na Septemba n'afọ 1987, kọleji ahụ meghere maka azụmahịa na ebe nwa oge dị ugbu a nke nwere Asaba Technical College, Asaba. Kọleji ahụ akwagala n'ebe ọ nọ ogologo oge na Asaba's Ibusa Road. Agụmakwụkwọ azụmahịa, agụmakwụkwọ teknụzụ, na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ọrụ aka akwagala n'ebe na-adịgide adịgide nke kọleji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://fcetasaba-edu.ng/history/|accessdate=2024-03-06|work=Federal College College of Education (Technical) Asaba|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611132938/https://fcetasaba-edu.ng/history/}}</ref> Ọbá akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ bụ ọbá akwụkwọ ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere akụrụngwa ozi na-akwado nkuzi na mmụta.<ref name=":0"/> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye nkuzi ndị a;<ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|first=I. J. N.|date=2020-10-14|title=Full List of Courses Offered In Federal College Of Education Asaba (FCEASABA)|url=https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fceasaba-courses/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=ITSJAMBNEWS|language=en-US|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213336/https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fceasaba-courses/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Samphina Academy|date=2019-02-26|title=Courses in Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba|url=https://samphina.com.ng/federal-college-education-technical-asaba-undergraduate-courses/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Samphina Academy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-18|title=Full List of FCET Asaba Courses Offered For 2020/2021|url=https://schoolinfo.com.ng/federal-college-of-education-technical-asaba-courses/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Schoolinfo.com.ng|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Real Mina Blog|date=2019-03-08|title=List of Courses in Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba (FCETASABA)|url=https://www.realmina.com/2019/03/list-of-courses-in-federal-college-of-education-technical-asaba-fcetasaba/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Real Mina Blog|language=en-US|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214842/https://www.realmina.com/2019/03/list-of-courses-in-federal-college-of-education-technical-asaba-fcetasaba/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2021-01-01|title=FCETASABA New Courses and Requirement {{!}} See Full list of Courses Offered in Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba|url=https://topinfoguide.com/school-news/fcetasaba-courses/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=TOP INFO GUIDE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Sayensị ọrụ ugbo|Sayensị Ọrụ Ugbo]] * Sayensị na agụmakwụkwọ * Mmụta Azụmaahịa * Mmuta kọmputa Science Education/Integrated Science * Kọmputa Science Education/Mathematics * Mmụta na Biology * Agụmakwụkwọ na Chemistry * Agụmakwụkwọ na Sayensị Jikọtara * Agụmakwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ * Agụmakwụkwọ na Physics * Nkà mara mma na nke a na-etinye n'ọrụ * Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ụlọ * Agụmakwụkwọ sayensị / mgbakọ na mwepụ * Sayensị / Physics jikọtara ọnụ * Mmụta Nkà na Ụzụ Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ejikọta ụmụ akwụkwọ ya n'ebe ọrụ dị iche iche iji nweta ahụmịhe bara uru site na mmemme (SIWES). <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-19|title=Federal Colleges Of Education In Nigeria Participating In SIWES|url=https://siwesbeginner.com/siwes-participating-fcoe/|accessdate=2021-05-30|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-04-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424192001/https://siwesbeginner.com/siwes-participating-fcoe/}}</ref> == Mmekọrịta == Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere njikọ na Mahadum Benin, Benin City iji nye mmemme na-eduga na Bachelors of Science, Education, B.Sc (ed) na;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-25|title=FCET Asaba (in affiliation with UNIBEN) Post UTME Form 2020/2021|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/fcet-asaba-degree-post-utme-form/|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FCET Asaba (in Affiliation with UNIBEN) Degree Form 2020/2021|url=https://www.lasu-info.com/2021/01/fcet-asaba-degree-admission-form.html|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=Lagos Universities Info (LASU-INFO) {{!}} Nigerian Schools and Exam News}}</ref> * Mmụta Physics * Mmụta Biology * Mmụta Chemistry * Mmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ * Mmụta Sayensị Jikọtara * Mmụta Azụmaahịa * Mmụta akụ na ụba n'ụlọ * Mmụta Sayensị Ọrụ Ugbo * Mmụta Nkà na Ụzụ == Edensibia ==     ex15k6c99iouruxudlm24yaef51yujj 0 79176 705606 705067 2026-08-24T22:42:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705606 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Jigawa State College of Education and Legal Studies''' bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Agụmakwụkwọ ka elu nke gọọmentị dị na Ringim, [[Ȯra Jigawa|Jigawa Steeti]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. Onye isi nchịkwa ugbu a bụ Dr. Jummai Ali Kazaure.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Asbringim|first=Abubakar Sabo Baba|date=2015-06-09|title='250 students take lectures in one hall at Jigawa College of Education and Legal Studies, Ringim|url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/funding-education-1500-students-take-lectures-in-one-hall-at-jigawa-college-of/0cfn4qd|accessdate=2021-09-03|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-15|title=Jigawa Govt. sponsors 60 students to study medicine in China|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/jigawa-govt-sponsors-60-students-study-medicine-china/|accessdate=2021-09-03|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Aliyu|first=Muhammad|date=2021-07-15|title=Badaru reconstitutes 4 Jigawa tertiary institutions’ governing boards|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/badaru-reconstitutes-4-jigawa-tertiary-institutions-governing-boards/|accessdate=2021-09-03|work=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|date=2015-02-11|title=Gov. Lamido appoints new provost for College of Islamic Studies, Ringim|url=https://sundiatapost.com/gov-lamido-appoints-new-provost-for-college-of-islamic-studies-ringim/|accessdate=2021-09-03|work=SundiataPost|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E guzobere Jigawa State College of Education na Legal Studies Ringim n'afo 1992.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-08|title=College provost lists problems affecting academic programs|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/06/college-provost-lists-problems-affecting-academic-programs/|accessdate=2021-09-03|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=As provosts protest de-listing from TETfund|url=https://dailytrust.com/as-provosts-protest-de-listing-from-tetfund|accessdate=2021-09-03|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe ọmụmụ == Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye nkuzi ndị a; <ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Jigawa State College of Islamic and Legal Studies (JSCILS) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/jigawa-state-college-of-islamic-and-legal-studies|accessdate=2021-09-03|work=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> [[Degree Programmes|Ihe omume ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ]] * Diploma ọkachamara na agụmakwụkwọ (PED), na njikọ ya na Ahmadu Bello University Zaria * [[Degree Programmes|Usoro ihe omume Degree]] * BA. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Bekee * BA. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mmụta Primary * BA. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akụkọ ihe mere eme * BA. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ndị Hausa * BA. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Arabic * BA. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ọmụmụ Alakụba * [[NCE Programmes|Ihe omume NCE]] * Arabic / Bekee * Arabic / Hausa * Arabic / Islamic Studies * Arabic Medium * Mmụta Nlekọta Ụmụaka (Double Major) * Akụ na ụba / Bekee * Akụ na ụba / Ọmụmụ Alakụba * Akụ na ụba / Akụkọ ihe mere eme * Bekee / Hausa * Bekee / Ọmụmụ Alakụba * Bekee / Social Studies * Hausa / Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme * Ọmụmụ ihe ndị Hausa / Alakụba * Ọmụmụ Ọha na Eze * Akụkọ ihe mere eme / Hausa * Akụkọ ihe mere eme / Bekee * Akụkọ ihe mere eme / Ọmụmụ Alakụba * Akụkọ ihe mere eme / Ọmụmụ Ọha * Ọmụmụ Alakụba / Ọmụmụ Ọha * mgbakọ na mwepụ / Ọmụmụ Kọmputa * Mmụta praịmarị (Double Major) * [[Diploma Programmes|Ihe omume diplọma]] * Diploma na Iwu * Diploma Criminology Studies * Diploma na Shari'ah na Civil Law * Diploma na Sayensị kor'an == Ihe Ndị A Na-achọ Ịbata == Ndị na-achọ ịbanye na ụlọakwụkwọ Jigawa State College of Education na Legal Studies, Ringim ga-enwerịrị akara ịse na ule West Africa council (WAEC) , National Examination Council (NECO) ma nwee akara otu nari na ịrị ịse na njikọ aka Admission Matriculation Board Examination Jamb maka ndị ka na chọ ịbanye akwụkwọ mahadum na akara otu nari maka NCE Programmes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jigawa State College of Education and Legal Studies|url=https://nucis.ng/institute/jigawa-state-college-of-education-and-legal-studies/|accessdate=2024-12-18|work=NUCIS|language=en-US}}</ref> == Njikọ == Jigawa steeti kọleji na ụlọakwụkwọ Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto na ụlọakwụkwọ Federal University Dutse, na ndị ọzọ iji kwalite nyocha na Foster academy excellence n'ime ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-28|title=Sule Lamido University partners Jigawa State College for academic excellence - Trending News|url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/2024/11/sule-lamido-university-partners-jigawa-state-college-for-academic-excellence/|accessdate=2024-12-18|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129025537/https://www.tvcnews.tv/2024/11/sule-lamido-university-partners-jigawa-state-college-for-academic-excellence/}}</ref> == Edensibia ==    <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|12.1499|9.1541|type:edu_globe:earth_region:NG}} ldifx5unlenf8vk5dddutyplrp4kgck 0 79191 705599 705091 2026-08-24T17:07:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705599 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Grait International College |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Grait-college.jpg|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="270">[ {"properties":{"title":"Grait International College","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q25101354"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Grait International College"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q25101354"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[3.16213,6.68151],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Grait International College","marker-symbol":"school"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ota, Ogun|Ota]]</div>,<div class="region" style="display:inline;">[[Ogun State|Ogun]]</div><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">[[Nigeria|Naịjirịa]]</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Ihe ọmụma |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị ụlọ akwụkwọ | class="infobox-data" |[[Boarding School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |E guzobere ya | class="infobox-data" |1995<span class="noprint">; Afọ 31 gara aga&#x20;&nbsp;</span> <span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1995</span>)&nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mmekọahụ | class="infobox-data" |[[Mixed-sex education|Ngwakọta]] |} '''Grait International College''' bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nwere onwe nke dị na Sango Otta, Ogun State, South West, Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/3314/|title=Bibliotherapy: An Option for Enhancing Students' Motivation for Academic Achievement in Iganmode Grammar School and Grait International College, Ota - Ogun State|author=Ilogho|first=Julie E.|date=2011|work=Covenant University Repository|publisher=Covenant University|accessdate=8 March 2020|archivedate=15 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915210737/http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/3314/}}</ref> e guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ n'afo 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.graitschools-ng.com/about-us|title=Official Website|accessdate=2016-01-28|archivedate=2016-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131135535/http://www.graitschools-ng.com/about-us/}}</ref> Ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji bụ maka ma ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ụbọchị na ịbanye. == Edensibia == [[Otú:Articles with short description]] 14jrh4d7ulh5j6ua7skpxouk3fqmyd3 0 79203 705602 705185 2026-08-24T20:41:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 705602 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg|alt=A diagram of a human torso labelled with the most common symptoms of an acute HIV infection|thumb|Ihe ịrịba ama (gụnyere Imeju buru ibu na ọkpụkpụ) na mgbaàmà (gụnyere isi ọwụwa na ịgbọ agbọ) nke ọrịa HIV siri ike[[HIV/AIDS|Nje HIV]]]] '''Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà''' (S / S) bụ ihe na-egosi ọrịa, mmerụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ịrịba ama bụ ihe doro anya na ihe a na-ahụ anya n'èzí, ihe ịrịbaanya bụ ahụmahụ nke onye ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sadock|first=Benjamin J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubG51n2NgfwC&pg=PA21|title=Kaplan & Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry|date=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-8746-8|language=en|accessdate=6 January 2023}}</ref> Ihe ịrịba ama ahụike bụ ihe doro anya na-egosi na mmadụ nwere ọrịa, mmerụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ nsogbu ahụike nke dọkịta nwere ike ịhụ mgbe ọ na-enyocha onye ọrịa. A na-ahụ ụfọdụ n'ime ha ozugbo site n'anya, dị ka ihe pụtara n'ahụ ma ọ bụ ọnyá, ma ọ bụ site n'ihi ngwa ọrụ ahụike dị ka igwe e ji ege obi ma ọ bụ igwe e ji atụ ọbara mgbali elu. Mgbakọ nke ihe ịrịba ama ndị a na mgbaàmà na-enyere dọkịta aka ịma kpọmkwem ọrịa na-agba mmadụ. Dị ka anya, ihe atụ nke ihe ịrịba ama gụnyere mbọ aka ma ọ bụ mbọ ụkwụ fụrụ afụ, ma ọ bụ mgbe ije mmadụ gbanwere.<ref name="r465">{{Cite journal|author=Fawcett|first=Robert S.|title=Nail Abnormalities: Clues to Systemic Disease|journal=American Family Physician|volume=69|issue=6|date=2004-03-15|pages=1417–1424|pmid=15053406|url=https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0315/p1417.html|accessdate=2024-10-22}}</ref><ref name="g049">{{Cite journal|author=Nonnekes|first=Jorik|title=Functional gait disorders|journal=Neurology|volume=94|issue=24|date=2020-06-16|issn=0028-3878|doi=10.1212/wnl.0000000000009649|pages=1093–1099|pmid=32482839}}</ref> === Mgbaàmà === <ref name="CDC1">{{Cite web|title=Measles Signs and Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms.html|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|date=5 November 2020|accessdate=31 December 2020|archivedate=11 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111225954/https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms.html}}</ref>Ihe mgbaàmà bụ ihe onye ọrịa n'onwe ya na-enwe ma ọ bụ na-amata n'ahụ ya, dị ka mgbu ma ọ bụ isi ọwụwa. Otú ọ dị, ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike ịga aka na aka; dị ka mgbe mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta ahụ ọkụ (mgbaàmà), dọkịta nwekwara ike iji igwe "thermometer" tụọ ahụ ọkụ ahụ ma dekọọ ya (ihe ịrịba ama). Ogige Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa (CDC) na-eji duzie ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà arụkọ ọrụ iji chọpụta ọrịa dị iche iche—dị ka kịtịkpa, nke na-amalite site na oke ahụ ọkụ, anya mmebi (conjunctivitis), na ụkwara, tupu rashes a na-ahụ anya apụta mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gachara. === Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà === Ihe mgbaàmà bụ ihe onye ọrịa n'onwe ya na-enwe ma ọ bụ na-amata n'ahụ ya, dị ka mgbu ma ọ bụ isi ọwụwa. Otú ọ dị, ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike ịga aka na aka; dị ka mgbe mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta ahụ ọkụ (mgbaàmà), dọkịta nwekwara ike iji igwe "thermometer" tụọ ahụ ọkụ ahụ ma dekọọ ya (ihe ịrịba ama). Ogige Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa (CDC) na-eji duzie ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà arụkọ ọrụ iji chọpụta ọrịa dị iche iche—dị ka kịtịkpa, nke na-amalite site na oke ahụ ọkụ, anya mmebi (conjunctivitis), na ụkwara, tupu rashes a na-ahụ anya apụta mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gachara.<ref name="MW">{{Cite web|title=Definition of Asymptomatic|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asymptomatic|work=Merriam-Webster|date=26 June 2023|language=en|accessdate=2 March 2021|archivedate=28 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128141843/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asymptomatic}}</ref> === Ọrịa === Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà na-abụkarị ndị a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta akọwapụtara, mana njikọta ụfọdụ nwere ike igosi nchọpụta ụfọdụ, na-enyere aka belata ihe nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-ezighị ezi. Otu ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà ndị nwere ike ijikọta ya na nsogbu a maara dị ka ọrịa.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (July 2026)">medical citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Okwu ndị metụtara ya == === Mgbaàmà === Mgbe a na-egosi ọrịa site na '''mgbaàmà''', a na-akpọ ya mgbaàmà. E nwere ọtụtụ ọnọdụ gụnyere ọrịa ndị na-adịghị egosi mgbaàmà ọ bụla, a na-akpọkwa ndị a asymptomatic. Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike ịdị nro ma ọ bụ sie ike, dị mkpirikpi ma ọ bụ na-adịte aka mgbe ha nwere ike belata (ịlaghachi), ma ọ bụ laghachi (ịlagha ma ọ bụ recrudescence) nke a maara dị ka flare-up. Ọrịa nwere ike igosi mgbaàmà siri ike karị.<ref name="Shiel 2019">{{Cite web|author=Shiel|first=William C. Jr.|title=Definition of Flare|work=MedicineNet|date=2019-06-20|url=https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=156154|accessdate=2019-12-21|archivedate=23 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123145648/https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=156154}}</ref> A na-eji Okwu "mkpesa isi" ma ọ bụ "nsogbu na-apụta ihe" kọwaa isi ihe mere mmadụ ji gaa hụ dọkịta. Ozugbo a ghọtara nke a, dọkịta na-amalite ide akụkọ banyere otu ọrịa ahụ si malite na otu o si gaa n'ihu. Mgbaàmà kacha mkpa nke na-enyere dọkịta aka ịma ọrịa ahụ bụ nke a na-akpọ "nnukwu mgbaàmà". Otú ọ dị, mgbaàmà ụfọdụ nwere ike ịtụgharị mmadụ uche n'ihi mgbu a na-enwe n'ebe dị iche — dị ka mgbe ubu aka nri na-afu mmadụ ụfụ n'ihi nsogbu sitere na "gall bladder" (akpa anyụ) karịa ka ọ ga-abụ na ọ bụ uru ahụ ubu ahụ nwere nsogbu.<ref name="Harrison's">{{Cite book|first=Norton J.|author=Greenberger|chapter=Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts|editor=Loscalzo|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|date=2022|edition=21st|chapterurl=https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3095&sectionid=264533107}}</ref> === Prodrome === Ọtụtụ ọrịa na-enwe ọkwa mbụ a na-akpọ "prodromal phase", bụ ebe obere ihe ịrịba ama ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà na-amalite pụta tupu ezigbo ihe mgbaàmà ọrịa ahụ apụta ìhè. Dị ka anya, ọrịa kyọ (measles/mumps) nwere ọkwa prodromal nke na-abịa site na ụkwara, ahụ ọkụ, na obere ntụpọ Koplik n'ime ọnụ. Ọzọkwa, ihe karịrị ọkara nke isi ọwụwa na-enwe oge prodromal a. Ọrịa uche dị ka "schizophrenia" na nsogbu ichefu ihe nke a na-akpọ "dementia" nwekwara ọkwa mbụ a pụtara ìhè na-egosi na ha na-abịa. <ref name="DSM5">{{Cite book|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5.|date=2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|location=Arlington, VA|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|pages=99–105|edition=5th}}</ref><ref name="Sherman">{{Cite journal|title=Prevalence, neurobiology, and treatments for apathy in prodromal dementia|journal=Int Psychogeriatr|volume=30|issue=2|pages=177–184|date=February 2018|pmid=28416030|doi=10.1017/S1041610217000527}}</ref> === Mgbaàmà ndị na-abụghị nke a kapịrị ọnụ === Mgbaàmà ụfọdụ bụ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ (pathognomic), ya bụ, ha na otu, ọnọdụ ahụike a kapịrị aka.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bio|first=Massive|date=2025-12-01|title=Pathognomonic|url=https://massivebio.com/pathognomonic-bio/|accessdate=2026-07-12|work=Massive Bio|language=en-US}}</ref> ''Mgbaàmà ndị na-abụghị nke a kapịrị ọnụ'', mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọkwa mgbaàmà ndị na'enweghị isi, abụghị nke a kapịtara maka otu ọnọdụ. Ha gụnyere ibu ibu na-enweghị nkọwa, isi ọwụwa, ihe mgbu, ike ọgwụgwụ, enweghị agụụ, ọsụsọ abalị, na ahụ erughị ala.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Morales-Brown|first=Peter|date=19 May 2025|title=What are the 5 stages of infection?|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5-stages-of-infection|accessdate=2026-07-08|work=www.medicalnewstoday.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=8 April 2025|title=Infectious diseases-Infectious diseases - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173|accessdate=2026-07-08|work=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}</ref> Ụdị mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ gụnyere: * * === Ihe ịrịba ama ndị dị mkpa === Ihe ịrịba ama bụ ihe ịrịba ama anọ nwere ike inye nyocha ozugbo nke ọrụ ahụ na ọnọdụ ahụike. Ha bụ okpomọkụ, obi, ume, na [[Obara Mgbali elu|ọbara mgbali elu]]. Ogologo nke ọnụọgụ ndị a dịgasị iche na afọ, ịdị arọ, okike na ahụike n'ozuzu.<ref name="ProHealth">{{Cite web|url=https://www.prohealthsys.com/central/assessment/physical-assessment/vital-signs/vital_signs_table/|title=Vital Signs Table – Prohealthsys|date=3 July 2013|accessdate=27 December 2021|archivedate=27 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227194342/https://www.prohealthsys.com/central/assessment/physical-assessment/vital-signs/vital_signs_table/}}</ref> === Ọrịa ndị na-efe efe === <ref>{{Cite web|title=Medical Triads|url=https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/medical-triads-232291617/232291617|accessdate=2026-07-12|work=Slideshare}}</ref>Ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike na-apụta site n'ìgwè ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà a maara nke ọma. Dị ka otu ha si dị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ, a na-akpọ gbakọtara nke ihe atọ "triad", nke ihe anọ "tetrad", ma kpo nke ihe ise "pentad". <ref name="NIDDK">{{Cite web|title=Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults|work=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=3 March 2021|archivedate=9 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109055457/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults}}</ref>Ihe atụ nke "triad" (ìgwè ihe atọ) bụ "Meltzer's triad", nke gụnyere purpura (ihe pụtara n'ahụ dị ka rash), arthralgia (mgbu n'asịrị), na myalgia (mgbu na adịghị ike n'uru ahụ). Ìgwè a na-egosi na mmadụ nwere ọrịa "cryoglobulinemia". Ọzọkwa, ọrịa "Huntington's disease"—bụ nsogbu na-emebi ụbụrụ na ozi ahụ—na-apụta site na ìgwè ihe atọ metụtara mmegharị ahụ, echiche, na ahụike uche.Mgbe ìgwè ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nwere ike igosi otu ọrịa pụrụ iche, a na-akpọ ya "syndrome". Dị ka anya, "Noonan syndrome" nwere usoro pụrụ iche nke gụnyere otu ihu na ọkpụkpụ ahụ si dị. Otụna, "syndrome" ụfọdụ dị ka "nephrotic syndrome" nwere ike inwe ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche na-akpata ha, nke ma ha niile metụtara nsogbu sitere na akụkụ ahụ e ji enyocha mmiri na ahụ (kidneys). <ref name="swan">{{Cite web|title=What does SWAN or being undiagnosed mean? {{!}} SWAN UK|url=https://www.undiagnosed.org.uk/support-information/what-does-swan-or-being-undiagnosed-mean/|work=www.undiagnosed.org.uk|date=22 March 2017|accessdate=3 March 2021|archivedate=12 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612112557/https://www.undiagnosed.org.uk/support-information/what-does-swan-or-being-undiagnosed-mean/}}</ref> O kwere omume na onye nwere otu ọrịa nwere ike ọ gaghị egosi ihe ịrịba ama na / ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà ọ bụla nke mejupụtara / kọwaa ọrịa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Giudicessi|first=John R.|date=January 2013|title=Determinants of incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in heritable cardiac arrhythmia syndromes|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3624763/|journal=Translational Research: The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine|volume=161|issue=1|pages=1–14|doi=10.1016/j.trsl.2012.08.005|issn=1878-1810|pmid=22995932}}</ref> === Ihe dị mma na ihe na-adịghị mma === A na-ekewa mgbaàmà mmetụta n'ụzọ abụọ: mgbaàmà doro anya ("positive symptoms") na mgbaàmà na-adịghị doro anya ("negative symptoms"). Mgbaàmà doro anya na-apụta mgbe mmetụta mụbara n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, dị ka mgbu ma ọ bụ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, ebe mgbaàmà na-adịghị doro anya na-eme mgbe mmetụta belatara ma ọ bụ kwụsị kpamkpam, dị ka enweghị ike ịnụ ísì. Maka mgbaàmà ndị a belatara ebelata, okwu ahụike "hypoesthesia" na-egosi mbelata mmetụta maka ihe dị nro dị ka imetụ aka, nrụgide, ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ; "anesthesia" pụtara mfu zuru oke nke mmetụta maka ihe siri ike dị ka mgbapu ntụtụ; ebe "hypoalgesia" ma ọ bụ "analgesia" na-egosi mfu ma ọ bụ mbelata mmetụta maka mgbu. N'otu aka ahụ, a na-ekewapụta mgbaàmà n'ime ụdị dị mma ("positive symptoms") na nke na-adịghị mma ("negative symptoms") mgbe a na-enyocha nsogbu uche dị ka "schizophrenia". Mgbaàmà ndị dị mma gụnyere omume ma ọ bụ mmetụta ndị pụtara ìhè n'ihi nsogbu ahụ nke na-adịghị na mmadụ nkịtị—dị ka ịnụ ma ọ bụ ịhụ ihe na-adịghị anya (hallucinations), inwe nkwenye na-abụghị eziokwu (delusions), ma ọ bụ kpasuo agwa na-adịghị mma. N'akụkụ nke ọzọ, mgbaàmà na-adịghị mma na-anọchi anya mbelata ma ọ bụ mfu nke agwa na mmetụta nkịtị mmadụ kwesịrị inwe, dị ka enweghị mmasị n'ihe na-eme gburugburu (apathy) ma ọ bụ enweghị ike inwe ọṅụ n'ihe gbasara ndụ (anhedonia).<ref name="Understanding Psychosis Fact Sheet">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121225041115/http://www.mifa.org.au/sites/www.mifa.org.au/files/documents/164819%20Understanding%20Psychosis.pdf Understanding Psychosis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225041115/http://www.mifa.org.au/sites/www.mifa.org.au/files/documents/164819%20Understanding%20Psychosis.pdf|date=2012-12-25}}, Mental Health Illness of Australia.</ref> === Ọganihu na ọ kwụ otu ebe === Mgbaàmà ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ ndị na-apụta ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe udi ha dabere na ihe mmadụ na-eme ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ọ nọ na ya, ebe mgbaàmà ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na-adị otu a mgbe niile n'agbanyeghị ihe na-eme. Dị ka anya, enweghị ike ịnagide mmega ahụ ike na-apụta sọosọ mgbe mmadụ na-emega ahụ, mana ọ na-alaghachi n'amamihe mgbe e zuru ike. N'akụkụ nke ọzọ, adịghị ike nke uru ahụ bụ mgbaàmà na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe sịmbọsị na uru ahụ ga-adịgide n'adịghị ike ma mmadụ zụọ ike ma ọ bụ na ọ zụghị. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tobon|first=Alejandro|date=December 2013|title=Metabolic myopathies|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10563931/|journal=Continuum|volume=19|issue=6 Muscle Disease|pages=1571–1597|doi=10.1212/01.CON.0000440660.41675.06|issn=1538-6899|pmid=24305448}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị nwere ọrịa uru ahụ (myopathies) na-enwe mgbaàmà na-agbanwe agbanwe karịa nke kwụ otu ebe, ebe mmega ahụ na- eweta enweghị ike ịnagide ọrụ, mgbu uru ahụ, na mma nkwonkwo karịa ka ọ ga-abụ ịda mbà kpamkpam. Ndị nwere nsogbu "metabolic myopathy" dị ka ọrịa McArdle (GSD-V) ma ọ bụ ụkọ phosphoglucomutase (CDG1T/GSD-XIV) na-amalite na mbụ inwe erughị ala n'oge mmega ahụ dị nro, mana mgbaàmà ndị a na-ebelata mgbe nkeji 6 ruo 10 gachara n'ihe a na-akpọ "ikuku nke abụọ" (second wind). === Neuropsychiatric === Mgbaàmà metụtara uche na akwara (neuropsychiatric symptoms) na-apụta n'ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike na-emebi ụbụrụ nke nta nke nta, gụnyere nsogbu ichefu ihe (dementia) na ọrịa Parkinson. Mgbaàmà ndị a na-enwekarị gụnyere enweghị mmasị n'ihe (apathy), nchegbu (anxiety), na ịda mbà n'obi (depression). Mgbaàmà metụtara akwara na ahụike uche na-apụtakwa n'ịgụ ụfọdụ nsogbu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị ka ọrịa Wilson. Ọzọkwa, mgbaàmà nke mbelata ike ịhazi echiche ma ọ bụ ime mkpebi (executive dysfunction) na-adịkarị n'ọrịa dị iche iche, gụnyere schizophrenia na ADHD.<ref name="Lesh">{{Cite journal|title=Cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia: mechanisms and meaning|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|volume=36|issue=1|pages=316–338|date=January 2011|pmid=20844478|doi=10.1038/npp.2010.156}}</ref><ref name="Brown">{{Cite journal|title=ADD/ADHD and Impaired Executive Function in Clinical Practice|journal=Current Psychiatry Reports|volume=10|issue=5|pages=407–411|date=October 2008|pmid=18803914|doi=10.1007/s11920-008-0065-7}}</ref> === Radiology === Ihe ịrịba ama radiology bụ nchọpụta ahụike na-adịghị mma na nyocha foto. Ndị a gụnyere akara Mickey Mouse na akara Golden S. Mgbe ị na-eji ihe oyiyi achọta ihe kpatara mkpesa, enwere ike ịchọta nchọpụta ọzọ na-enweghị njikọ nke a maara dị ka nchọpụta mberede.<ref name="BMJ18">{{Cite journal|author=O'Sullivan|first=JW|title=Prevalence and outcomes of incidental imaging findings: umbrella review|journal=BMJ|date=18 June 2018|volume=361|doi=10.1136/bmj.k2387|pmid=29914908}}</ref> === Kadinal === Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà bụ ndị nwere ike ịbụ nchọpụta, na pathognomonic - nke nchọpụta doro anya. Ọzịza dịka ọmụmaatụ nwere otu ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà, <ref name="Freire">{{Cite journal|author=Freire|first=Marcelo O.|title=Natural resolution of inflammation|journal=Periodontology 2000|date=October 2013|volume=63|issue=1|pages=149–164|doi=10.1111/prd.12034|pmid=23931059}}</ref> dị ka ọgba aghara nke bronchitis na-adịghị ala ala, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bsac.org.uk/pyxis/RTI/Chronic%20bronchitis/Chronic%20bronchitis.htm|title=Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis|accessdate=31 December 2020|archivedate=6 April 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060406154131/http://www.bsac.org.uk/pyxis/RTI/Chronic%20bronchitis/Chronic%20bronchitis.htm}}</ref> na Ọrịa Parkinson. N'adịghị ka akara pathognomonic, enweghị akara ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà nwere ike iwepu ọnọdụ. A maara nke a site na okwu Latin sine qua non. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enweghị mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa a maara maka ọrịa nketa ga-ewepu ọrịa ahụ.<ref name="Lynch">{{Cite journal|title=Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes: molecular genetics, genetic counseling, diagnosis and management|journal=Fam Cancer|volume=7|issue=1|pages=27–39|date=2008|pmid=17999161|doi=10.1007/s10689-007-9165-5}}</ref> Ihe atụ ọzọ bụ ebe pH nke akụkụ ahụ nwanyị na-erughị 4.5, a ga-ewepu nchọpụta nke nje bacteria.<ref name="Manka">{{Cite journal|author=Mańka|first=Wiktor|title=Wartość oznaczania odczynu treści pochwowej (pH) jako testu przesiewowego bakteryjnego zakażenia pochwy|language=pl|journal=Wiadomosci Lekarskie|date=2002|volume=55|issue=1–2|pages=51–55|pmid=12043316}}</ref> === Mmetụta === Mmetụta na-akpaghị aka (reflexes) bụ mmeghachi omume ahụ na-eme ngwangwa mgbe ihe kpaliri ya. Mgbe mmeghachi omume a na-adịghị, mgbe ọ belatara, ma ọ bụ mgbe ọ gabigara ókè, ọ nwere ike igosi mmebi na usoro akwara etiti ma ọ bụ usoro akwara dịpụrụ adịpụ. Dị ka anya, na mmeghachi omume ikpere (patellar reflex), mbelata ma ọ bụ mfu ya—bụ nke a na-akpọ "Westphal sign"—na-egosi mmebi nke akwara akwara dị n'okpuru (lower motor neurons), ebe mmeghachi omume gabigara ókè na-egosi mmebi nke akwara akwara dị n'elu (upper motor neurons). <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lanska|first=Douglas|date=2010-04-07|title=Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272851848_Adams_and_Victor's_Principles_of_Neurology|journal=JAMA|volume=303|pages=1311–1315|doi=10.1001/jama.2010.396}}</ref> === Akụkọ ifo === A na-ejikọta ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ahụike na ngosipụta ihu ma ọ bụ ọdịdị pụrụ iche a maara dị ka facies.<ref name="M-W2">{{Cite web|title=Definition of FACIES|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facies|work=Merriam-Webster|accessdate=4 February 2021|language=en|archivedate=10 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210132817/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facies}}</ref> Otu ihe atụ bụ ihu elf nke nwere ọdịdị ihu dị ka nke elf, nke a nwere ike ijikọta ya na Ọrịa Williams ma ọ bụ Ọrịa Donohue. Facies a ma ama bụ ma eleghị anya facies Hippocratic nke a na-ahụ na mmadụ ka ha na-eru nso ọnwụ.<ref name="Chadwick 1978">{{Cite book|title=Hippocratic writings|publisher=Penguin|location=Harmondsworth, UK|year=1978|pages=[https://archive.org/details/hippocraticwriti0000hipp/page/170 170–71]|isbn=0-14-044451-3|url=https://archive.org/details/hippocraticwriti0000hipp/page/170}}</ref> === Ihe ịrịba ama nke anamnestic === Ihe ịrịba ama anamnestic (site na ''anamnēstikós'', ἀναμνηστικός, "nke nwere ike icheta uche") bụ ihe ịrịba ama na-egosi ọnọdụ gara aga, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ahụ mkpọnwụ n'ogwe aka nwere ike igosi ọrịa strok gara aga.<ref name="King 1982">{{Cite book|author=King, Lester S.|authorlink=Lester S. King|title=Medical Thinking: A Historical Preface|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|year=1982|isbn=0-691-08297-9}}</ref>: 81  === Enweghị mgbaàmà === Ọrịa ụfọdụ, gụnyere ọrịa kansa na ọrịa, nwere ike ịdị ma ọ nweghị ihe ịrịba ama ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà ma a maara ndị a dị ka ndị na-enweghị mgbaàmà.<ref name="MW" /> A gallstone nwere ike ịbụ na-enweghị mgbaàmà ma chọpụta naanị dị ka nchọpụta mberede.<ref name="MW" /> Ọrịa nje virus na-agbasa ngwa ngwa dịka COVID-19 nwere ike ịbụ na ọ nweghị mgbaàmà mana ọ ka nwere ike ibute ọrịa.<ref name="Lancet">{{Cite journal|author=Sayampanathan|first=Andrew A.|title=Infectivity of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19|journal=The Lancet|pages=93–94|language=English|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32651-9|date=9 January 2021|volume=397|issue=10269|pmid=33347812}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Mgbaàmà === Okwu ahụ bụ "symptomatology" (nke a na-akpọkwa semiology) sitere n'asụsụ Grik oge ochie, ọ bụkwa ngalaba sayensị ahụike na-amụ maka ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà nke ọrịa, gụnyere ihe na-egosi na mmadụ nwere nsogbu ahụike. Okwu ahụ bụ mgbaàmà ("symptom") na-egosi mgbanwe ma ọ bụ mmebi sitere na otu ahụ ma ọ bụ mmetụta mmadụ si arụ ọrụ mgbe niile. Na mbụ, n'afọ 1670, Henry Stubbe ji okwu "semiotics" kọwaa ọmụmụ ihe a, mana taa, a na-eji "semiotics" eme ihe gbasara ọmụmụ nkwurịta okwu site na akara na ihe ịrịba ama. <ref>{{Cite web|title=semiotics|url=https://csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/semiotics.htm|accessdate=2026-07-12|work=csmt.uchicago.edu}}</ref> <ref name="King 1982" />Tupu narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, dọkịta na onye ọrịa na-ahụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe, ebe ọ bụ na ọgwụgwọ dabere na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha abụọ. Mgbe nke ahụ gachara, nghọta otu gbanwere gaa n'usoro nkwekọrịta Sayensị nke ndị nyocha ahụike guzobere. Ọ bụ ezie na dọkịta na onye ọrịa ka na-ahụ otu ihe ịrịba ama ahụ, dọkịta nwere nkọwa doro anya na nghọta hịne nne banyere ihe nchọpụta ahụ pụtara n'ezie n'ahụike, nke onye nkịtị na-amaghị. === Mmepe nke nyocha ahụike === [[Faịlụ:Laennec_-_Théobald_Chartran.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise nke René Laennec na 1816 site na iji usoro mbụ nke auscultation na nwoke na-arịa [[Ụkwara Nta|ụkwara nta]]]] Ọtụtụ ọganihu e webatara karịsịa na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nyere ohere maka nyocha ziri ezi site n'aka dọkịta na-achọ nchọpụta na obere mkpa maka ntinye sitere n'aka onye ọrịa. <ref name="Jewson 1974">{{Cite journal|author=Jewson|first=N. D.|title=Medical Knowledge and the Patronage System in 18th Century England|journal=Sociology|date=September 1974|volume=8|issue=3|pages=369–385|doi=10.1177/003803857400800302}}</ref> <ref name="Jewson 1976">{{Cite journal|author=Jewson|first=N. D.|title=The Disappearance of the Sick-Man from Medical Cosmology, 1770-1870|journal=Sociology|date=May 1976|volume=10|issue=2|pages=225–244|doi=10.1177/003803857601000202}}</ref><ref name="pmid3413276">{{Cite journal|author=Tsouyopoulos|first=Nelly|title=The Mind-Body Problem in Medicine (The Crisis of Medical Anthropology and its Historical Preconditions)|journal=History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences|date=1988|volume=10|pages=55–74|pmid=3413276}}</ref> N'ime narị afọ nke 20, iwebata usoro nyocha dịgasị iche iche na usoro nyocha ndị ọzọ dị ka Nnyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nyocha kemịkal, nchọpụta mkpụrụ ndụ na pathogenomics enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu na ikike nchọpụta.<ref name="Demuth">{{Cite journal|title=Pathogenomics: an updated European Research Agenda|journal=Infection, Genetics and Evolution|volume=8|issue=3|pages=386–93|date=May 2008|pmid=18321793|doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.005}}</ref> == Nnyocha == Ịmata ihe ịrịba ama na ịmara ihe ịrịbaanya nwere ike iduga na nchọpụta. Ma ọ bụghị ya, enwere ike ịme nyocha ahụike ma were akụkọ ahụike. Nnyocha ahụike ndị ọzọ dịka [[Nnyocha ọbara]], scans, na biopsies nwere ike ịdị mkpa. X-ray dịka ọmụmaatụ ga-abụ nchọpụta n'oge na-adịghị anya nke ọkpụkpụ a na-enyo enyo. Enwere ike ịmara ihe dị mkpa a chọpụtara n'oge nyocha ma ọ bụ site na nyocha ahụike dị ka nchọpụta ahụike.   == Hụkwa ==   * Biomarker (medicine) - Ihe ngosi a na-atụle * Focal neurologic signs - Nkwarụ na ọrụ nke usoro akwara na-emetụta otu mpaghara nke ahụ == Ihe odide ==   [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7rhjk2y0eb0feqzs60z02qh06qlrzj0 0 79228 705579 705554 2026-08-24T12:09:12Z Goodymeraj 16207 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369615750|History of malaria]]" 705579 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Faịlụ:"Keep_out_malaria_mosquitoes_repair_your_torn_screen"_-_NARA_-_514969.jpg|thumb|ihe ngosi nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] "Kwụsị anwụnta na-ebute ịba, dozie [[:en:Mosquito_net|ihe mkpuchi]] gị dọkara adọka". U.S. Public Health Service, 1941-45]] '''Akụkọ banyere ịba''' sitere na mmalite ya dị ka ọrịa zoonotic na primates nke [[Afrịka]] ruo na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu. Ọrịa na-efe efe nke mmadụ nke gazuru n'ebe nile ma nwee ike igbu mmadụ, n'oge ọ kachasị elu, [[Iba|ịba]] jupụtara na kọntinent ọ bụla ma e wezụga Antarctica.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Evolutionary and historical aspects of the burden of malaria|journal=Clin Microbiol Rev|volume=15|issue=4|pages=564–94|year=2002|pmid=12364370|url=http://skishore.wikispaces.com/file/view/Evo-Historical+Aspects+of+Malaria.pdf|doi=10.1128/cmr.15.4.564-594.2002|accessdate=4 August 2012}}</ref> E lekwasịla anya na mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ ya na sayensị na ọgwụgwọ ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ. Kemgbe nchọpụta nke nje ''[[Plasmodium]]'' nke na-akpata ya, nchọpụta lekwasịrị anya na usoro ndụ ha yana nke anwụnta nke na-ebufe nje ahụ. A na-ahụ ntụaka maka ahụ ọkụ ya pụrụ iche, nke na-eme kwa mgbe kwa mgbe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, malite na puku afọ mbụ BC na Gris na China. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Malaria, a Journey in Time: In Search of the Lost Myths and Forgotten Stories|journal=Am J Med Sci|issue=6|pages=492–98|year=2010|pmid=20601857|doi=10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181e7fe6c|volume=340}}</ref> Ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ, a na-eji ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ ọdịnala agwọ ịba.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Traditional herbal medicines for malaria|journal=BMJ|year=2004|volume=329|pages=1156–59|pmid=15539672|doi=10.1136/bmj.329.7475.1156|url=http://www.giftsofhealth.org/ritam/flyer/Willcox%26Bodeker2004.pdf|issue=7475|accessdate=21 February 2010}}</ref> Ọgwụgwọ mbụ dị irè maka ịba sitere na mkpekere Osisi cinchona, nke nwere quinine. Mgbe a chọpụtachara njikọ dị n'etiti anwụnta na nje ha na mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ, a malitere usoro nchịkwa anwụnta dịka ị na-agba ọgwụ ahụhụ DDT n'ọtụtụ ebe, ikpochasị ọwara mmiri, ikpuchi ma ọ bụ ị na-etinye mmanụ n'elu ebe niile mmiri si apụta a na-ekpuchighi ekpuchi, ịgba ọgwụ anwụnta n'ime ụlọ, na iji ụgbụ e tinyere ọgwụ nwụnta arahụ ụra. E depụtara ka a na-aṅụ quinine maka mgbochi ịba n'ebe ndị a na-arịasi ọrịa ịba ike, e wepụtakwara ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ, gụnyere chloroquine na artemisinins, iji guzogide ihe otiti ahụ. Taa, artemisinin dị na ọgwụ ọ bụla a na-enye maka ọgwụgwọ ịba. Mgbe eweputachara artemisinin dị ka ọgwụgwọ a na-enye ya na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ, ọnwụ site n'ọrịa ịba n'Africa belatara site na ọkara, ọ bụ ezie na o mechara gbasagharịa. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta banyere ịba enwetala ọtụtụ ihe nrite Nobel maka ihe ha rụzuru, ọ bụ ezie na ọrịa ahụ ka na-aga n'ihu na-emetụta ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị abụọ (200 million) kwa afọ, na-egbu ihe karịrị narị puku isii (600,000). Ịba bụ ihe ize ndụ ahụike kachasị mkpa ndị agha US zutere na South Pacific n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], ebe ihe dị ka ndị ikom narị puku ise butere ya bụ ọrịa.<ref name="Bray 2004">{{Cite book|author=Bray RS|title=Armies of Pestilence: The Effects of Pandemics on History|year=2004|publisher=James Clarke|isbn=978-0-227-17240-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djPWGnvBm08C&pg=PA102}}</ref> Na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ịba nọgidere na-adị n'ihe karịrị mba otu narị n'ebe okpomọkụ na mpaghara ndị na-adịchaghị ọkụ, gụnyere nnukwu mpaghara nke Central na South America, Hispaniola (Haiti na Dominican Republic), Africa, Middle East, mpaghara India, Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, na Oceania. Nguzogide nke ''Plasmodium'' nye ọgwụ mgbochi ịba, yana nguzogide nke anwụnta nye [[Ọgwụ ahụhụ]] na nchọpụta nke ụdị zoonotic nke nje ahụ emeela ka usoro nchịkwa dị mgbagwoju anya. Otu atụmatụ e mere, nke e bipụtara na edemede ''[[:en:Nature_(journal)|Nature]]'' nke afọ 2002, na-ekwu na ịba nwere ike ọ bụrụ na o gbuola ijeri mmadụ iri ise ruo iri isii n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ọ bụ ihe dịka ọkara nke ụmụ mmadụ niile dịrịla ndụ n'ụwa.<ref name="Whitfield2">{{Cite journal|author=Whitfield, J.|year=2002|title=Portrait of a serial killer|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/news021001-6|journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/news021001-6}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ na-ekwu na podcast BBC bụ More or Less, Emeritus Professor of Medical Statistics na Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Brian Faragher kwupụtara obi abụọ banyere atụmatụ a, na-ekwupụta na isiokwu Nature a na-ekwu okwu a enweghị ebe ọ rụtụrụ aka iji kwadoo ya bụ okwu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Pomeroy|first=Ross|date=3 October 2019|title=Has Malaria Really Killed Half of Everyone Who Ever Lived?|url=https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2019/10/03/has_malaria_really_killed_half_of_everyone_who_ever_lived.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125151055/https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2019/10/03/has_malaria_really_killed_half_of_everyone_who_ever_lived.html|archivedate=25 January 2023|accessdate=28 June 2023|work=RealClear Science}}</ref> Faragher nyere atụmatụ nwa oge nke ihe dị ka pasent anọ euo pasent ise nke ọnwụ na-esite na ịba, dị ala karịa pasent iri ise a na-azọrọ.<ref name=":0" /> ''More or Less'' enwenwughị ike ịchọta ebe nrụaka ọ bụla maka ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ ahụ o kwuụtara ma e wezụga ọrụ ndị mere nkwupụta ahụ n'enwekwaghị nrụaka nke ha.<ref name=":1" /><templatestyles src="Template:TOC limit/styles.css" />  == Mmalite na oge dịrị tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme amalite == [[Faịlụ:Baltic_Amber_necklace_with_insects_inclusions.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Anwụnta na [[:en:Fly|ijiji]] dị n'ihe olu amber Baltic a dị n'agbata nde afọ iri anọ na iri isii.]] A chọtara ihe akaebe mbụ nke nje ịba na anwụnta echekwara na amber site na Oge Palaeogene nke dị ihe dịka nde afọ iri atọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Poinar G|title=Plasmodium dominicana n. sp. (Plasmodiidae: Haemospororida) from Tertiary Dominican amber|journal=Syst. Parasitol.|volume=61|issue=1|pages=47–52|year=2005|pmid=15928991|doi=10.1007/s11230-004-6354-6}}</ref> Malaria protozoa dịgasị iche iche n'ụdị ndị na-adị n'ime adaka, oke, nnụnụ, na anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Early origin and recent expansion of Plasmodium falciparum|journal=Science|volume=300|issue=5617|pages=318–21|year=2003|pmid=12690197|doi=10.1126/science.1081449}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Big bang in the evolution of extant malaria parasites|journal=Mol Biol Evol|volume=25|issue=10|pages=2233–39|year=2008|pmid=18687771|doi=10.1093/molbev/msn171}}</ref> DNA nke ''Plasmodium falciparum'' na-egosi otu usoro nke ịdị iche iche dị ka ndị na-adị na mmadụ, na-enwe ụdị iche iche ka ukwuu n'Africa karịa n'ụwa ndị ọzọ, na-egosi na ụmụ mmadụ nke oge a nwere ọrịa ahụ tupu ha ahapụ Africa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Higham|first=Tom|title=The World Before Us: How Science is Revealing a New Story of Our Human Origins|publisher=Penguin Viking|year=2021|isbn=978-0-241-44067-4}}</ref> Ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike ọ bụrụ na ha butere ''P. falciparum'' site na gorillas.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Liu W|title=Origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas|journal=Nature|volume=467|issue=7314|pages=420–25|year=2010|pmid=20864995|doi=10.1038/nature09442}}</ref> ''[[:en:Plasmodium_vivax|P. vivax]]'', ụdị Plasmodium ọzọ nke ịba so n'etiti isii na-emetụta ụmụ mmadụ, nke yikarịkwara ka ọ malitere na ndị gorilla na chimpanzee Africa.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax|journal=Nature Communications|date=21 February 2014|issue=5|doi=10.1038/ncomms4346|pmid=24557500|volume=5}}</ref> Ụdị ịba ọzọ a chọpụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na ụmụ mmadụ na-ebute ya, ''[[Plasmodium knowlesi|P. knowlesi]]'', sitere na enwe ndị Eshia bụ [[:en:Macaque_monkey|macaque monkeys]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Plasmodium knowlesi: reservoir hosts and tracking the emergence in humans and macaques.|journal=PLOS Pathog|year=2011|issue=4|pmid=21490952|doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002015|volume=7}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ''[[:en:Plasmodium_malariae|P. malariae]]'' bụ ụmụ mmadụ na-ebukarị ya, e nwere ihe akaebe ụfọdụ na ọrịa a na-adịghị enwe mgbaàmà na-aga n'ihu n'etiti chimpanzees ọhịa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hayakawa|first=Toshiyuki|title=Identification of Plasmodium malariae, a human malaria parasite, in imported chimpanzees|date=2009|volume=4|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007412|pmid=19823579|journal=PLOS ONE}}</ref> N'ihe dị ka afọ puku iri gara aga, ịba malitere inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ndụ mmadụ, na-adaba na mmalite nke ọrụ ugbo na [[:en:Neolithic_Revolution|Neolithic Revolution]]. Ihe nlụpụta ya gụnyere nhọrọ okike maka [[:en:Sickle-cell_disease|ọrịa sickle-cell]], [[:en:Thalassaemias|thalassaemias]], ụkọ glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, [[:en:Southeast_Asian_ovalocytosis|ovalocytosis nke ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia]], [[:en:Elliptocytosis|elliptocytosis]], na ọnwụ nke Gerbich antigen (glycophorin C) na Duffy antigen na erythrocytes, n'ihi na Nsogbu ọbara dị otú ahụ na-enye uru nhọrọ megide ọrịa ịba ([[:en:Balancing_selection|ịkwado nhọpụta]]). <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Canali S|title=Researches on thalassemia and malaria in Italy and the origins of the "Haldane hypothesis"|journal=Med Secoli|volume=20|issue=3|pages=827–46|year=2008|pmid=19848219|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/38028954}}</ref> Ụdị atọ dị mkpa nke [[Ikike Nguzogide Ịba nke Mmadụ sitere na Mkpụrụ Ndụ Ihe Nketa]] (ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ na-arịa ọrịa, thalassaemias, na ụkọ glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) dị n'ụwa Mediterenian n'oge Alaeze Ukwu Rom, ihe dị ka afọ 2000 gara aga.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Spread of Malaria to Southern Europe in Antiquity: New Approaches to Old Problems|journal=Med Hist|volume=48|issue=3|pages=311–28|year=2004|pmid=16021928|doi=10.1017/s0025727300007651}}</ref> Usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa akwadoola oke mgbasa nke ''P. falciparum'' ịba na [[Ijipùtù Ọkpụ|Ijipt oge ochie]].<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Brier B|title=Infectious diseases in ancient Egypt|journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am|year=2004|pmid=15081501|doi=10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00097-7|volume=18|pages=17–27|issue=1}}<br /><br />{{Cite journal|title=Plasmodium falciparum in Ancient Egypt|journal=Emerg Infect Dis|volume=14|pages=1317–19|year=2008|pmid=18680669|doi=10.3201/eid1408.080235|issue=8}}</ref> Onye Grik oge ochie na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Herodotus dere na e nyere ndị wuru pyramids nke Ijipt (ihe dị ka 2700 ruo 1700 BC) galik buru ibu, ikekwe iji chebe ha pụọ na ịba.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Macaulay GC|title=The History of Herodotus, parallel English/Greek translation|year=1890|pages=Herodotus, 2.125|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hh/hh2120.htm}}</ref> Fero Sneferu, onye guzobere [[:en:Fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt|usoro nke anọ nke Ijipt]], onye chịrị site na 2613 ruo 2589 BC, nọ na-eji ụgbụ àkwà na-ehi ụra dị ka ihe nchebe megide anwụnta. Cleopatra nke Asaa, Fero ikpeazụ nke Ijipt oge ochie, nọkwa na-ehi ụra n'okpuru ụgbụ anwụnta.<ref name="malariasite">{{Cite web|url=http://www.malariasite.com/malaria/history_control.htm|title=History of Malaria Control|accessdate=2009-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111231452/http://www.malariasite.com/MALARIA/history_control.htm|archivedate=11 November 2009}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, a maghị ma a nọ na-eji ụgbụ anwụnta ehi ụra n'ebumnuche mgbochi ịba, ma ọ bụ maka ebumnucha ụwa nke izere ahụ erughị ala nke ọtịta anwụnta. Ọnụnọ nke ịba n'[[Ịjịpt|Ijipt]] site n'ihe dị ka 800 BC gaa n'ihu abụrụla nke e kwetara na ọ dị site na usoro DNA.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Molecular identification of falciparum malaria and human tuberculosis co-infections in mummies from the Fayum depression (lower Egypt)|journal=PLOS ONE|pmid=23565222|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0060307|volume=8|issue=4|year=2013}}</ref> == Oge ochie == Ịba ghọrọ ihe a ma ama na Gris oge ochie site na narị afọ nke anọ BC ma na-emetụta mbelata nke ọnụọgụ nke ọtụtụ [[:en:City-state|city-state]]. ''Okwu ahụ'' bụ Radaσμα (okwu Grik maka miasma: " ntụpọ" ma ọ bụ "mmetọ") bụ nke Hippocrates nke Kos chepụtara iji kọwaa anwụrụ ọkụ dị ize ndụ sitere n'ala nke ifufe na-ebusa ma nwee ike ịkpata ọrịa siri ike. Hippocrates (460-370 BC), "nna nke ọgwụ", jikọrọ ọnụnọ nke ahụ ọkụ na-abịa kwa mgbe kwa mgbe yana ọnọdụ ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi ma kewaa ahụ ọkụ ndị ahụ daber na oge ha na-eme: Gk.:''tritaios pyretos'' / L.:''febris tertiana'' (ahụ ọkụ kwa ụbọchị nke atọ ọbụla), na Gk.:''tetartaios pyretos'' / L.:febris quartana (ọrịa ahụ ọkụ kwa ụbọchị nke anọ ọbụla).<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hippocrates|title=Of the epidemics|publisher=The Internet Classics Archive|url=http://classics.mit.edu//Hippocrates/epidemics.mb.txt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Insights into infectious disease in the era of Hippocrates|journal=International Journal of Infectious Diseases|year=2008|pmid=18178502|doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2007.11.003|volume=12|pages=347–50|issue=4}}</ref> Chinese ''Huangdi Neijing'' (The Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor) nke sitere na ~300 BC ruo 200 AD yiri ka ọ na-ezo aka na ahụ ọkụ na-emekarị kwa mgbe kwa mgbe nke e jikọtara ya na spleens buru ibu ma nwee ike ịgbasa agbasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cox F|title=History of human parasitology|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=15|issue=4|pages=595–612|year=2002|pmid=12364371|doi=10.1128/CMR.15.4.595-612.2002}}</ref> N'ihe dị ka 168 BC, ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ ''Qing-hao'' ([[:zh:青蒿素|青蒿]]) (''Artemisia annua'') ka a malitere iji mee ihe na China iji gwọọ ọbara ọgbụgba nwanyị (''Wushi'er bingfang'' a sụgharịrị dị ka "Ọgwụgwọ maka ụdị ọrịa iri ise na abụọ" nke e gwupụtara na Mawangdui). <ref name="Li">{{Cite journal|title=An over four millennium story behind qinghaosu (artemisinin) – a fantastic antimalarial drug from a traditional Chinese herb|journal=Current Medicinal Chemistry|volume=10|pages=2197–230|year=2003|pmid=14529339|doi=10.2174/0929867033456710|issue=21}}</ref> Ọ bụ Ge Hong bu ụzọ tụọ aro ''Qing-hao'' maka oke ahụ ọkụ dị ka ọgwụ dị irè na narị afọ nke anọ nke China ''Zhou hou bei ji fang'', nke a na-asụgharịkarị dị ka "Nchịkọta Mberede E debere n'aka mmadụ". <ref name="Wright2010">{{Cite journal|title=Ancient Chinese methods are remarkably effective for the preparation of artemisinin-rich extracts of qing hao with potent antimalarial activity|journal=Molecules|volume=15|pages=804–12|year=2010|pmid=20335947|doi=10.3390/molecules15020804|issue=2}}</ref> Ntuziaka ya bụ itinye ahịhịa artemisia ọhụrụ na mmiri oyi, fọọ ha, ma ṅụọ mmiri ya dị ilu otu ahụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hsu E|title=Reflections on the 'discovery' of the antimalarial qinghao|journal=British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology|volume=61|issue=6|pages=666–70|year=2006|pmid=16722826|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02673.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=How Chinese scientists discovered qinghaosu (artemisinin) and developed its derivatives? What are the future perspectives?|journal=Médecine Tropicale|volume=58|issue=Suppl. 3|pages=9–12|year=1998|pmid=10212890|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13085247}}</ref> "Ọrịa ahụ ọkụ Rom" na-ezo aka na ọrịa ịba na-egbu egbu nke metụtara Campagna nke Rom na obodo Rom n'oge dị iche iche n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite book|author=North|first=W.|url=https://archive.org/details/b24750025/|title=Roman fever: the results of an enquiry during three years' residence on the spot into the origin, history, distribution and nature of the malarial fever of the Roman Campagna, with especial reference to their supposed connection with pathogenic organisms|date=1896|publisher=London : Sampson Low, Marston & Company|others=London Royal College of Physicians}}</ref> Ntiwapụ nke ahụ ọkụ Rom n'oge narị afọ nke ise AD nwere ike iso na ihe kpatara ọdịda nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Jones|first=W. H. S. (William Henry Samuel)|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924012431700/|title=Malaria, a neglected factor in the history of Greece and Rome|date=1907|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press | Cambridge]]; [[Macmillan Publishers | Macmillan & Bowes]]|others=Cornell University Library}}</ref> A tụwo aro ọtụtụ ọgwụgwọ iji belata ọzịza ọkpụkpụ ahụ na ''[[:en:De_Materia_Medica|De Materia Medica]]'' nke Pedanius Dioscorides ịbụ nzaghachi maka ịba na-adịghị ala ala n'alaeze ukwu Rom.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.ibidispress.scriptmania.com/box_widget.html|title=Dioscorides: De Materia Medica|publisher=Ibidis|author=Osbaldeston, Tess Anne|year=2000|pages=Introduction, xxvi}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ihe a na-akpọ "[[:en:Vampire_burial|olili ozu vampire]]" n'Oge ochie nwere ike ịbụ na emere ha iji meghachi omume nye ntiwapụ ọrịa ịba. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, e liri ụfọdụ ụmụaka nwụrụ n'ọrịa ịba na [[:en:Necropolis|ili]] ndị dị na Lugnano na Teverina site na iji emume ọdịnaala ndị ga-egbochi ha [[:en:Undead|isi n'ọnwụ bilie]]. Ndị ọkà mmụta nke oge a na-ekwu na obodo gasị nọ na-atụ egwu na ndị nwụrụ anwụ ga-alaghachi ma gbasaa ọrịa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/10/15/archaeologists-find-vampire-burial-site-child-feared-capable-rising-dead|title=Archaeologists find 'vampire burial' site of a child feared capable of rising from the dead|author=Phillips|first=Kristine|date=2018-10-15|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=2018-10-15}}</ref> N'afọ 835, ememe Hallowmas (Ụbọchị Ndị Nsọ Nile) ka e bufere si na Mee gaa na Nọvemba n'iwu nke Popu Gregory nke Anọ, n'ihi na "ihe mere eme nke bụ na Rom n'oge okpomọkụ enweghị ike ịnabata ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị njem ala nsọ na-agbakọta na ya", ma eleghị anya n'ihi nchebara echiche ahụike ọha na eze gbasara Ahụ ọkụ Rom, nke gburu ọtụtụ ndị njem ala nsọ n'oge oge okpomọkụ nke mpaghara ahụ. [[Faịlụ:Cinchona_pubescens_1696.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Osisi Cinchona nke Theodor Zwinger, 1696]] == Oge Ụwa Na-emepechabeghị Anya == N'oge [[:en:Middle_Ages|ụwa na-emepechabeghị anya]], ọgwụgwọ maka ịba (na ọrịa ndị ọzọ) gụnyere ịpụ ọbara, ịkpata ịgbọ agbọ, igbupụ aka, na [[:en:Trepanning|trepanning]]. Ndị dọkịta na ndị dọkịta-ọwa ahụ n'oge ahụ jiri ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ dị ka belladonna belata ihe mgbu na ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa.<ref name="medline">{{Cite web|url=https://www.medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/531.html|title=Belladonna|date=2009-12-16|work=Medline Plus|accessdate=2010-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220172635/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/531.html|archivedate=20 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Ebadi, Manuchair|title=Pharmacodynamic Basis of Herbal Medicine|publisher=CRC Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8493-7050-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CMJKgfhCKzIC&pg=PA203}}</ref> === Oge Mmepe anya sitere na Europe === Aha bụ ịba sitere na {{lang|it|mal aria}} ('ikuku ọjọọ' n'asụsụ [[:en:Italian_language#History|Medieval Italian]]). Echiche a sitere n'aka ndị Rom oge ochie, bụ ndị chere na ọrịa a sitere na anwụrụ ọkụ na-efe efesite n'ebe ndị bụ ala mmiri. Okwu a bụ ịba nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Miasma_theory|echiche miasma]], dịka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na chancellor nke Florence Leonardo Bruni kọwara na {{lang|la|Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII}} ya nke bụ ihe atụ mbụ dị mkpa nke ederede akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Renaissance: <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Bad air, amulets and mosquitoes: 2,000 years of changing perspectives on malaria|journal=Malar. J.|volume=12|issue=1|year=2013|pmid=23835014|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-12-232|url=http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-12-232.pdf}}</ref>   Mgbe ndị Florentine merichara ebe nche a siri ike, ma tinye ndị nche ọma ka ha na-echekwa ya, ha nọ na-akparịta ụka n’etiti onwe ha banyere ihe ha ga-eme ọzọ. Ụfọdụ n’ime ha chere na ọ ga-akacha baa uru ma dịkwa mkpa ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha, karịsịa n’ihi na ọrịa na '''ikuku ọjọọ''' emeela ka ike gwụ ha nke ukwuu, nakwa n’ihi ogologo oge na ihe isi ike ha nwere n’ogige agha ndị dị n’ebe na-adịghị mma n’oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ. Ha (ndị Florentine) chekwara ọzọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha belatara n’ihi ikike ịla ezumike nke ndị isi ha nyere ọtụtụ ndị agha. N’ezie, n’oge nnọchibido ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị agha rịọrọ ma nweta ikike ịla ezumike n’ihi ihe isi ike dị n’ogige agha na egwu ịrịa ọrịa. Ala dị larịị nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke ndịda Ịtali si n'ihe a ma ama n'ụwa niile daa mgbe ịba gbasara na narị afọ nke iri na isii. N'ihe dị ka n'otu oge ahụ, n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke England, ọnwụ site na "marsh ''fever''" ma ọ bụ "tertian fever" (ague: site na French site na Latin {{Lang|la|acuta}} (febris), oke ọkụ) yiri nke dị na mpaghara [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] taa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dobson MJ|title=Malaria in England: a geographical and historical perspective|journal=Parassitologia|volume=36|pages=35–60|year=1994|pmid=7898959|issue=1–2}}<br /><br />{{Cite book|author=Knottnerus O S|chapter=Malaria Around the North Sea: A Survey|editor=Gerold Wefer|title=Climatic Development and History of the North Atlantic Realm: Hanse Conference Report|publisher=Springer-Verlag|pages=339–353|year=2002|chapterurl=http://www.xs4all.nl/~ottoknot/werk/Malaria.html}}</ref> A mụrụ [[William Shakespeare]] na mbido oge oyi karịsịa nke ndị na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na-akpọ "[[:en:Little_Ice_Age|Little Ice Age]]", ma ọ maara nke ọma banyere mbibi nke ọrịa ahụ iji kwuo ya na egwuregwu asatọ ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Reiter P|title=From Shakespeare to Defoe: malaria in England in the Little Ice Age|journal=Emerg Infect Dis|volume=6|issue=1|pages=1–11|year=2000|pmid=10653562|doi=10.3201/eid0601.000101}}</ref> Ịba bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'akụkụ Osimiri Thames n'oge ahụ na n'etiti oge Victoria.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dobson|first=Mary|year=1980|title="Marsh Fever" – the geography of malaria in England|journal=Journal of Historical Geography|volume=6|issue=4|pages=357–389|doi=10.1016/0305-7488(80)90145-0|pmid=11632265}}</ref> Akụkọ ahụike na akụkọ nchọpụta oge ochie e mer na ndị nwụrụ anwụ na-ekwu na ịba nke atọ kpatara ọnwụ nke ndị otu anọ n'ezinụlọ [[:en:Medici|Medici]] a ma ama nke Florence.E jiri usoro ọgbara ọhụrụ kwado nkwupụta ndị a.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.06.007|title=Plasmodium falciparum immunodetection in bone remains of members of the Renaissance Medici family (Florence, Italy, sixteenth century)|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=104|issue=9|pages=583–87|year=2010|pmid=20673935}}</ref> == Mgbasa Gaa Na Amerịka == A kpọtụghị ịba aha na "akwụkwọ ọgwụ" nke Ndị Maya ma ọ bụ ndị [[:en:Aztecs|Aztec]]. N'agbanyeghị nke a, achọpụtala ihe ndị na-alụso ịba ọgụ n'ime ụfọdụ ozu ndị South America a gbasiri agbasi, na-egosi na ụfọdụ ụdị ịba na ndị Amerịka nwere ike ịnwe mmalite tupu oge Columbus. Ndị bi na Europe na ndị ohu West Africa nwere ike iweta ụdị ịba ndị ọzọ na Amerịka na narị afọ nke iri na isii.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Was malaria present in the Amazon before the European conquest? Available evidence and future research agenda|journal=J. Archaeol. Sci.|volume=32|pages=337–40|year=2005|doi=10.1016/j.jas.2004.10.004|issue=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Ebron|first=Paulla A.|title=Feral Atlas: The More-Than-Human Anthropocene|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2020|isbn=978-1-5036-1504-5|editor=Tsing|location=Stanford|language=EN|chapter=Slave ships were incubators for infectious diseases}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Multiple independent introductions of Plasmodium falciparum in South America|journal=PNAS|year=2011|doi=10.1073/pnas.1119058109|volume=109|issue=2|pages=511–16|pmid=22203975}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ ya ''[[:en:1493:_Uncovering_the_New_World_Columbus_Created|1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created]]'', Charles Mann hotara ebe ndị o si nwta nrụaka na-eche na ihe mere e ji kpọta ndị ohu Africa na British Americas bụ n'ihi na ha na-eguzogide ịba. Mpaghara ndị ahụ chọrọ ndị ọrụ ugbo a ga na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ala,nke mere na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị Britain dara ogbenye dịkwa njikere ịkwaga ebe ahụ. N'ebe ugwu nke [[:en:Mason–Dixon_line|akara Mason-Dixon]], ebe anwụnta na-ebute ịba adịghị apụ ndụ nke ọma, ndị ọrụ Britain [[:en:Indentured_servitude_in_British_America|ndị kwere ịrụ ọrụ ruo oge ụfọdụ iji nweta nnwere onwe ha]] gosipụtara uru karịa, ebe ha ga-arụ ọrụ maka nnwere onwe ha. Otú ọ dị, ka malaria gbasara n’ebe dịka mpaghara mmiri na-asọ na Virginia na South Carolina, ndị nwe nnukwu ugbo malitere ịdabere n’iji ndị West Afrika na-eguzogide ịba dị ka ndị ohu, ebe ndị ọcha nwere obere ala na-eche nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke ịda ogbenye mgbe ha rịara ọrịa. Ọrịa ahụ nyekwara aka ime ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Amerịka mbụ belata ma mee ka ha bụrụ ndị nwere ike ibute ọrịa ndị ọzọ ngwa ngwa.Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme gbasara ịgba ohu na America na Caribbean agbaala ajụjụ banyere echiche na-ekwu na ihe kpatara e ji jiri ndị ọrụ ojii rụọ ọrụ n’ogige nnukwu ugbo bụ n’ihi na ha nwere ike iguzogide malaria, kama ihe kpatara ya bụ ihe gbasara akụ na ụba ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ịba kpatara nnukwu mfu nye ndị agha Britain na South n'oge Agha Mgbanwe nakwa ndị agha Union n'oge agha obodo. === Osisi Cinchona === Ndị ozi ala ọzọ si Spain chọpụtara na Ndị Amerindian na-agwọ ahụ ọkụ na nso Loxa ([[Ecuador]]) site na ntụ sitere [[:en:Jesuit's_bark|mkpekere azụ osisi Peruvian]] (nke e mesịrị guzobe na ọ bụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ọtụtụ osisi nke ụdị ''Cinchona''). <ref>{{Cite journal|title=A brief history of malaria chemotherapy|journal=J R Coll Physicians Edinb|volume=40|issue=2|pages=172–77|year=2010|pmid=20695174|doi=10.4997/JRCPE.2010.216}}</ref> Ndị Quechua Indian nke Ecuador jiri ya mee ihe iji belata mmetụta ịma jijiji nke oke oyi kpatara.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Guerra F.|title=The introduction of Cinchona in the treatment of malaria|journal=J Trop Med Hyg|volume=80|issue=6|pages=112–18, 135–40|year=1977|pmid=330870}}</ref> Nwanne [[:en:Jesuit|Jesuit]] Agostino Salumbrino (1561-1642), onye biri na Lima ma bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ site na ọzụzụ, hụrụ ndị Quechua na-eji ụgbụ osisi cinchona maka nzube ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na mmetụta ya n'ịgwọ ịba (sikwa otu ahụ agwọ ịma jijiji nke ịba kpatara) enweghị njikọ na mmetụta ya na ịchịkwa ịma jijiji site na oyi, ọ ka dị irè maka ịba. Ndị ozi ala ọzọ Jesuit ([[:en:Jesuit's_bark|ụgbụgbọ osisi Jesuit]]) webatara iji "sisio ahụ kụ" mee ihe na ọgwụ Europe. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Greenwood D.|title=The quinine connection|journal=J Antimicrob Chemother|volume=30|issue=4|pages=417–27|year=1992|pmid=1490916|doi=10.1093/jac/30.4.417}}<br /><br />{{Cite journal|title=The quest for quinine: those who won the battles and those who won the war|journal=Angew Chem Int Ed Engl|volume=44|issue=6|pages=854–85|year=2005|pmid=15669029|doi=10.1002/anie.200400663}}</ref> Jesuit Bernabé de Cobo (1582-1657), onye nyochara Mexico na Peru, kaa na-ekwu na ọ bụ ya buuru oagbụgbọ sisi cinchona gaa Europe. O si Lima weta osisi ahụ na Spain, wee gaa Rome na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Ịtali, na 1632. Francesco Torti dere na 1712 na ọ bụ naanị "ọrịa ọahụ kụ na-aeme kwa mgbe kwa mgbe ka osisi ọahụ kụ nahụ a-emetụta. Ọrụ a mechara gosipụta ọdịdị pụrụ iche nke ụgbụgbọ osisi cinchona ma mee ka oejiri ya mee ihe n'ozuzu ya na ọgwụ.<ref name="Chwatt">{{Cite journal|author=Bruce-Chwatt LJ|title=Three hundred and fifty years of the Peruvian fever bark|journal=British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition)|volume=296|issue=6635|pages=1486–87|year=1988|pmid=3134079|doi=10.1136/bmj.296.6635.1486}}</ref> Ọ ga-abụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ narị abụọ tupu e wepụ ụkpụrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ, quinine na alkaloids ndị ọzọ, nke ụgbụ cinchona. Quinine, alkaloid osisi na-egbu egbu, bụ, na mgbakwunye na njirimara ya nke igbochi ịba, na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma megide [[:en:Cramp|nkụchi ụkwụ]] n'abalị.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Guay DR|title=Are there alternatives to the use of quinine to treat nocturnal leg cramps?|journal=Consult Pharm|volume=23|issue=2|pages=141–56|year=2008|pmid=18454580|doi=10.4140/TCP.n.2008.141}}</ref> === Ihe mgbaàmà ahụike === N'afọ 1717, onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe bụ Giovanni Maria Lancisi bipụtara ihe na-eji oji nke ọkpụkpụ na ụbụrụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị n'akwụkwọ ya bụ ''De noxiis paludum effluviis eorumque remediis'' .<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-25|title=Malariotherapy|url=https://factrepublic.com/facts/34907/|accessdate=2022-07-21|work=FactRepublic.com}}</ref> Nke a bụ otu n’ime akụkọ mbụ banyere nnukwu mgbanwe e ji mara ịba ụba nke splin (spleen) na agba ọchịchịrị nke splin na ụbụrụ, bụ́ ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị mgbe a nyochachara ozu mmadụ nwụrụ, nke na-egosi ọrịa malaria na-adịte aka. O jikọtara mgbasa malaria n’ebe ndị nwere apịtị na mmiri juru anya na ọnụnọ ijiji, ma tụọ aro ka a kpọọ ma kpochapụ mmiri apịtị iji gbochie ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Perceptions of malaria transmission before Ross' discovery in 1897|journal=Postgrad Med J|volume=76|issue=901|pages=738–40|year=2000|doi=10.1136/pmj.76.901.738|pmid=11060174}}</ref> == Narị afọ nke Iri na Itoolu == Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, e mepụtara ọgwụ mbụ iji gwọọ ịba, a chọpụtakwara nje dị ka ebe o si apụta. === Ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi Ịba === ==== Quinine ==== [[Faịlụ:Original_preparation_of_quinine_acetate_2.jpeg|thumb|Nkwadebe mbụ nke quinine acetate site na Pelletier. n'ihe dị ka 1820.]] Onye France na-emepụta kemịkal Pierre Joseph Pelletier na onye France na-ahụ maka ọgwụ Joseph Bienaimé Caventou kewara na 1820 alkaloids cinchonine na quinine site na ụgbụ osisi ahụ ọkụ, na-enye ohere maka ịmepụta doses nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ. <ref>Pelletier and Caventou (1820) [https://books.google.com/books?id=veE3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA337 "Suite: Des recherches chimiques sur les quinquinas"] (Continuation: Chemical research on quinquinas), ''Annales de Chimie et de Physique'', vol. 15, pp. 337–65. The authors name quinine on p. 348: "..., nous avons cru devoir la nommer ''quinine'', pour la distinguer de la cinchonine par un nom qui indique également son origine." (..., we thought that we should name it "quinine" in order to distinguish it from cinchonine by means of a name that also indicates its origin.)<br /><br />{{Cite journal|title=Discoverers of quinine|journal=JAMA|volume=229|issue=4|year=1974|pmid=4600403|doi=10.1001/jama.229.4.462}}</ref> Tupu afọ 1820, a na-amịkpọ ụgbụgbọ ahụ, kwọọ ya ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ma gwakọta ya na ihe dị mmiri mmiri (nke na-abụkarị mmanya) maka ịṅụ ya aṅụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Robert Talbor, Charles II, and cinchona: a contemporary document|journal=Med Hist|volume=6|issue=1|pages=82–85|year=1962|pmid=16562233|doi=10.1017/s0025727300026892}}</ref> Manuel Incra Mamani nọrọ afọ anọ na-anakọta mkpụrụ cinchona na Andes na [[Bolivia]], nke nwere oke ọnụ ahịa nke ukwuu maka quinine ha nwere mana a machibidoro mbupụ ya iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Canales|first=Nataly Allasi|date=7 April 2022|title=Hunting lost plants in botanical collections|url=https://wellcomecollection.org/articles/YjyPpREAAB8AhS-R|accessdate=2022-05-09|work=Wellcome Collection|language=en}}</ref> O nyere ha onye ahịa Bekee, Charles Ledger, onye zigaara nwanne ya nwoke nọ n'England ka ọ ree ya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2 April 2020|title=The weird and wonderful world of the plant hunters - part 4: Quinine, the cinchona tree and empires in competition|url=https://treesforcities.org/stories/the-weird-and-wonderful-world-of-the-plant-hunters-part-4|accessdate=2022-05-09|work=Trees for Cities|language=en}}</ref> Ha resiri ha gọọmentị Dutch, bụ ndị kụrụ osisi ''Cinchona ledgeriana'' dị puku iri abụọ na Java (Indonesia). Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ndị Dutch ehiwela ọchịchị naanị ha n’elu maka inye ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gramiccia G|title=Ledger's cinchona seeds: a composite of field experience, chance, and intuition|journal=Parassitologia|volume=29|issue=2–3|pages=207–20|year=1987|pmid=3334083}}</ref> ==== 'Ngwakọta Warburg' ==== N'afọ 1834, na British Guiana, onye dọkịta Germany, Carl Warburg, mepụtara [[:en:Antipyretic|ọgwụ na-ebelata ahụ ọkụ]]: 'Ngwakọta Warbug'. Ọgwụ nzuzo a nwere quinine na ahịhịa ndị ọzọ. E mere ikpe na Europe n'afọ ndị 1840 na 1850. Ọ bụ Alaeze Ukwu Austria nabatara ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na 1847. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike weere ya dị ka [[:en:Antimalarial|ọgwụ mgbochi ịba]] dị irè karịa quinine. Ọ dịkwa ọnụ ala karịa. Gọọmentị Britain nyere ndị agha nọ na India na mpaghara ndị ọzọ Tincture nke Warburg. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Maclean WC|title=Professor Maclean, C.B., on the true composition and therapeutic value of Warburg's Tincture|journal=Lancet|volume=106|pages=716–18|year=1875|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)30835-3|issue=2724|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1565450}}<br /><br />{{Cite book|title=An Illustrated History of Malaria|location=New York|year=1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N4fyLSwLP3MC|publisher=Informa Health Care|isbn=978-1-85070-068-5}}</ref> ==== Methylene na-acha anụnụ anụnụ ==== N'afọ 1876, onye Germany na-emepụta kemịkalụ bụ Heinrich Caro mepụtara methylene blue.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=In search of the malarial parasite: Biographical sketches of the blood stain contributors|journal=Parasitol Research|volume=109|pages=521–29|year=2011|pmid=21660627|doi=10.1007/s00436-011-2475-4|issue=3|url=https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/69796}}</ref> Paul Ehrlich na 1880 kọwara ojiji nke daị "na-anọpụ iche" - ngwakọta nke daị nwere acid na daị nke nwere base - iji mata ọdịiche dị n’etiti mkpụrụ ndụ dị n’ime ihe nlele ọbara nke a gbasara n’elu iko microscope (peripheral blood smears). N’afọ 1891, Ernst Malachowski<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Malachowski E|title=Zur Morphologie des ''Plasmodium malariae''|journal=Centbl F Klin Med|volume=31|pages=601–03|year=1891}}</ref> na Dmitri Leonidovich Romanowsky<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Romanowsky D|title=Zur Frage der Parasitologie und Therapie der Malaria|journal=St Petersburg Med Wochenschr|volume=16|pages=297–302, 307–15|year=1891}}</ref> mepụtara usoro n'onwe ha site na iji ngwakọta nke Eosin Y na methylene blue (methylene azure) nke mepụtara [[:en:Hue|ụcha pụrụ iche]] nke a na-apụghị ikwu na ọ bụ naanị otu n’ime ihe abụọ ahụ na-akpata ya: ọ bụ agba odo odo (purple)<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Understanding Romanowsky staining. I: The Romanowsky-Giemsa effect in blood smears|journal=Histochemistry|volume=86|issue=3|pages=331–36|year=1987|pmid=2437082|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/20719192|doi=10.1007/bf00490267}}<br /><br />{{Cite journal|author=Woronzoff-Dashkoff KK.|title=The wright-giemsa stain. Secrets revealed|journal=Clin Lab Med.|volume=22|issue=1|pages=15–23|year=2002|pmid=11933573|doi=10.1016/S0272-2712(03)00065-9|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11431311}}</ref> Malachowski jiri '''ngwọta''' methylene blue e ji alkali gwọọ mee ihe, ebe Romanowsky jiri ngwọta methylene blue a kpụziri ma ọ bụ mee ka ọ kaa nká. Usoro ọhụrụ a mere ka o kwe omume ịmata ọdịiche dị n’etiti [[Mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara]] ma gosikwa nuclei (isi mkpụrụ ndụ) nke nje ndị na-akpata malaria. Usoro agba nke Malachowski bụ otu n’ime ọganihu teknụzụ kacha mkpa n’akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nyocha na ọmụmụ malaria.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The color purple: from royalty to laboratory, with apologies to Malachowski|journal=Biotech Histochem|volume=86|pages=7–35|year=2011|pmid=21235291|doi=10.3109/10520295.2010.515490|issue=1|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49755721}}</ref> N’afọ 1891, Paul Guttmann na Ehrlich chọpụtara na methylene blue nwere nnukwu mmasị n’ahụ́ ụfọdụ anụ ahụ, nakwa na ihe e ji agba ihe a nwere obere ikike ịlụso malaria ọgụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ueber die Wirkung des Methylenblau bei Malaria|journal=Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift|volume=28|pages=953–56|year=1891|url=http://www.pei.de/cln_092/nn_164284/SharedDocs/Downloads/institut/paul-ehrlich/1886-1896/1891-wirkung-methylenblau-malaria,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/1891-wirkung-methylenblau-malaria.pdf|accessdate=24 July 2010}}</ref> Methylene blue na ihe ndị yiri ya n’ihe gbasara kemịkalụ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ site n’igbochi biocrystallization nke heme, ya bụ usoro nke heme si emepụta kristal.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The phenothiazinium chromophore and the evolution of antimalarial drugs|journal=Trop Med Int Health|volume=10|issue=6|pages=501–11|year=2005|pmid=15941412|doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01417.x}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Laveran_malaria_drawings.png|thumb|N'afọ 1880, Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran hụrụ nje ndị na-acha odo odo na exflagellation nke ụmụ nwoke gametocytes.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Laveran CLA|title=Note sur un nouveau parasite trouvé dans le sang de plusieurs malades atteints de fièvre palustres|journal=Bulletin de l'Académie de Médecine|volume=9|pages=1235–36|year=1880}}</ref>]] === Ihe kpatara ya: Ịmata ''Plasmodium'' na ''Anopheles'' === N'afọ 1848, onye Germany na-ahụ maka ahụike mmadụ bụ Johann Heinrich Meckel <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Die Medizinerfamilie Meckel aus Wetzlar|journal=Hess Aerzteblatt|volume=2|pages=95–99|year=2005|url=http://www.laekh.de/upload/Hess._Aerzteblatt/2005/2005_02/2005_02_08.pdf}}</ref> dekọrọ [[:en:Hemozoin|ihe na-eji oji na-acha nchara nchara]] n'ọbara na [[:en:Spleen|ọkpụkpụ]] nke onye ọrịa nwụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị isi mgbaka. A na-eche na Meckel nọ na-ele [[:en:Parasitism|nje]] ịba anya n'amaghị ya; ọ kpọghị ịba aha na akụkọ ya. O kwuru na ihe ahụ na-acha uhie uhie bụ melanin.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Meckel H.|title=Ueber schwarzes Pigment in der Milz und dem Blute einer Geisteskranken|journal=Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie|volume=IV|pages=198–226|year=1847}}</ref> E guzobere mmekọrịta nke nje ahụ na-akpata ọrịa ihe ahụ na-acha uhie uhie na 1880, mgbe onye dọkịta French bụ Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha nke Constantine, Algeria, hụrụ ihe na-akpụ akpụ n'ime [[:en:Red_blood_cell|mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọbara uhie]] nke ndị na-arịa ịba. Ọ hụrụ ihe omume nke mwepụ flagella wee kwenye na flagella na-agagharị bụ microorganisms na-ebute ọrịa. O kwuru na quinine wepụrụ nje ndị ahụ n'ọbara. Laveran kpọrọ ihe microscopic organism a Oscillaria malariae ma kwuo na ọ bụ protozoan a kpatara ịba.<ref name="Cox">{{Cite journal|author=Cox FE|title=History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors|journal=Parasites & Vectors|volume=3|year=2010|doi=10.1186/1756-3305-3-5|url=http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/pdf/1756-3305-3-5.pdf|pmid=20205846|issue=1}}</ref> Nchọpụta a nọgidere na-ese okwu ruo mgbe mmepe nke [[:en:Oil_immersion|oghere mmanụ]] na 1884 na mmetọ nke ụzọ dị elu na 1890 ruo 1891. N'afọ 1885, Ettore Marchiafava, Angelo Celli na Camillo Golgi nyochara usoro mmụba n'ime ọbara mmadụ (Golgi cycles). Golgi chọpụtara na nje niile dị n'ọbara kewara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'otu oge ka ha na-ekewa ahụ, nke na-adakọta n'otu mgbe ahụ ọkụ na-awakpo. N'afọ 1886, Golgi kọwara ọdịiche ọdịdị nke a ka na-eji amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdị nje ịba abụọ ''Plasmodium vivax'' na ''[[:en:Plasmodium_malariae|Plasmodium malariae]]''. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke a gasịrị, Sakharov na 1889 na Marchiafava & Celli na 1890 n'onwe ha chọpụtara ''Plasmodium falciparum'' dị ka ụdị dị iche na ''P. vivax'' na P. malariae. N'afọ 1890, Grassi na Feletti nyochara ozi ndị dịnụ ma kpọọ ha aha bụ P. malariae na ''P. vivax'' (ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị n'ime ụdị ''Haemamoeba''.) <ref name="Grassi1890">{{Cite journal|author=Grassi|first=B|year=1890|title=Parasites malariques chez les oiseaux.|journal=Arch. Ital. Biol.|volume=13|pages=297–300}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1890, a nabatara nje Laveran n'ozuzu ya, mana a tụfuru ọtụtụ n'ime echiche mbụ ya maka ọrụ taxonomic na ọrịa nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Italian. Marchiafava na Celli kpọrọ microorganism ọhụrụ ahụ ''[[Plasmodium]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Laveran's germ: the reception and use of a medical discovery|journal=Am J Trop Med Hyg|volume=34|issue=1|pages=2–20|year=1985|pmid=2578751|doi=10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.2}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya, a gbanwere aha ''H. vivax'' ka ọ bụrụ ''Plasmodium vivax''. N'afọ 1892, Marchiafava na Bignami gosipụtara na ọtụtụ ụdị ahụ ndị Laveran hụrụ sitere n'otu ụdị. E mechara kpọọ ụdị a ''P. falciparum''. E nyere Laveran ihe nrite Nobel nke 1907 [[:en:Nobel_Prize_for_Physiology_or_Medicine|Nobel Prize maka Physiology maọbụ Medicine]]" n'ịghọta ọrụ ya na ọrụ protozoa na-arụ n'ịkpata ọrịa". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Biography of Alphonse Laveran|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1907/laveran-bio.html|accessdate=2007-06-15}}</ref> Dọkịta Dutch Pieter Pel bu ụzọ chepụta ọkwa anụ ahụ nke nje ịba na 1886, na-egosi nchọpụta ya site na ihe karịrị afọ iri ise. E kwughachiri aro a na 1893 mgbe Golgi tụrụ aro na nje ndị ahụ nwere ike ịnwe akụkụ anụ ahụ a na-achọpụtaghị (n'oge a na mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial). <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Golgi C|title=Sulle febbri malariche estivo-autumnali di Roma|journal=Gass Med di Pavia|volume=2|pages=481–93, 505–20, 529–44, 553–59|year=1893}}</ref> Pel kwadoro echiche Golgi nke latent phase na 1896. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Pel PK|title=Mededeelingen uit de Geneeskundige kliniek. Malaria infectie|journal=Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd|volume=22|pages=341–58|year=1886}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Ross,_20.Aug.1897.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|323x323px|Akwụkwọ ndekọ nke Ronald Ross kọwara nke mbụ ya nje ịba na-acha odo odo na anụ ahụ nke afọ nke anwụnta ''Anopheles'', 20 na 21 Ọgọst 1897]] Site n'ihe dị ka n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, nguzobe nke usoro sayensị chọrọ echiche ndị a na-anwale anwale na ihe ndị e nwere ike inyochapụta maka ihe kpatara ọrịa yana nnyefe ya. Akụkọ anecdotes, na nchọpụta e mere na 1881 na anwụnta bụ ihe na-ebute ọrịa yellow fever, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=WHO|title=Yellow fever|journal=Fact Sheet 2013|year=2013|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/}}</ref> mechara duga na nnyocha nke anwụnta inwe njịkọ ha na ịba. Mgbalị mbụ maka mgbochi ịba mere na 1896 na Massachusetts. Ntiwapụ nke Uxbridge kpaliri onye ọrụ ahụike Dr. Leonard White ide akụkọ nye State Board of Health, nke dugara na nnyocha nke njikọ anwụnta na ịba na mgbalị mbụ maka mgbochi ịba. Onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa na steeti Massachusetts, Theobald Smith, jụrụ ka nwa White chịkọta ụdị anwụnta maka nnyocha ndị ọzọ, nakwa na ụmụ amaala na-agbakwunye ihuenyo na windo ha, ma wepụ mmiri ndị na-adọrọ adọrọ.<ref name="malaria">{{Cite web|title=A History of Mosquitoes in Massachusetts, by Curtis R. Best|publisher=Northeast Mosquito Control Association|url=http://www.nmca.org/Nmca93-4.htm|accessdate=2008-03-31}}</ref> Sir Ronald Ross nke Britain, onye dọkịta na-awa ahụ nke ndị agha na-arụ ọrụ na Secunderabad, India, gosipụtara na 1897 na [[:en:Mosquito-malaria_theory|anwụnta na-ekesa ịba]], ihe omume a na-echeta ugbu a site na [[:en:World_Mosquito_Day|World Mosquito Day]].<ref name="dfid">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dfid.gov.uk/news/latest-news/2010/world-mosquito-day/|title=World Mosquito Day 2010|publisher=Department for International Development|date=20 August 2010|accessdate=21 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031094341/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/News/Latest-news/2010/World-Mosquito-Day/|archivedate=31 October 2012}}</ref> O nwenwuru ike ịchọta nje ịba na-acha odo odo n'ime anwụnta nke o ji aka ya mee ka taa onye ọrịa ịba nke nwere crescents n'ọbara ya. Ọ gara n'ihu na nnyocha ya banyere ịba site n'igosi na ụdị anwụnta ụfọdụ (''[[:en:Culex|Culex]]'' fatigans) na-ebufe ịba nye nza nke mere na o kewapụrụ nje ịba site na [[:en:Salivary_glands|gland asọmmiri]] nke anwụnta na-ata ụmụ nnụnụ bu ọrịa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biography of Ronald Ross|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-bio.html|accessdate=2007-06-15}}</ref> Ọ kọọrọ [[:en:British_Medical_Association|British Medical Association]] na Edinburgh na 1898. Giovanni Battista Grassi, prọfesọ nke [[:en:Comparative_Anatomy|Comparative Anatomy]] na Mahadum Rome, gosipụtara e nwere ike ibute ịba mmadụ naanị site na anwụnta ''[[Anopheles]]'' (Greek ''anofelís'': good-for-nothing). <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Capanna E|title=Grassi versus Ross: who solved the riddle of malaria?|journal=International Microbiology|volume=9|issue=1|pages=69–74|year=2006|pmid=16636993|url=http://www.im.microbios.org/0901/0901069.pdf}}</ref> Grassi, ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya Amico Bignami, Giuseppe Bastianelli na Ettore Marchiafava, mara ọkwa na nnọkọ nke [[:en:Accademia_dei_Lincei|Accademia dei Lincei]] na 4 Disemba 1898 na otu nwoke nwere ahụike n'ógbè na-abụghị nke ịba butere ọrịa tertian mgbe ''Anopheles claviger'' nke nwere nnwale tara ya. N'afọ 1898-1899, Bastianelli, Bignami na Grassi bụ ndị mbụ hụrụ usoro nnyefe zuru oke nke ''P. falciparum'', ''P. vivax'' na ''P. malaria'' site na anwụnta gaa na mmadụ ma laghachị na ''A. claviger''.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ulteriore ricerche sul ciclo dei parassiti malarici umani sul corpo del zanzarone|journal=Accad Lincei|year=1899|issue=8|pages=21–28}}</ref> Esemokwu bilitere n’etiti ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Britain na ndị Ịtali na-amụ malaria banyere onye kwesịrị ịbụ onye e nyere otuto mbụ maka nchọpụta ndị ahụ. Otú ọ dị, Ross nwetara Nrite Nobel nke 1902 maka Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine maka “ọrụ ya banyere ịba, bụ́ nke o ji gosi otú ọrịa ahụ si abanye n’ahụ mmadụ, si otú ahụ tọọ ntọala maka nnyocha gara nke ọma banyere ọrịa a na ụzọ e si alụso ya ọgụ.” "<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ross and the Discovery that Mosquitoes Transmit Malaria Parasites|work=CDC Malaria website|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/ross.htm|accessdate=2007-06-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070602185153/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/ross.htm|archivedate=2 June 2007}}</ref> === Mmepụta nke quinine === William Henry Perkin, nwa akwụkwọ nke August Wilhelm von Hofmann na Royal College of Chemistry na London, gbalịrị n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'afọ ndị 1850 iji mepụta quinine n'ebumnobi azụmahịa. Echiche ahụ bụ iji ihe abụọ yiri N-allyltoluidine (C10H13N) na mkpụrụ atọ nke oxygen iji mepụta quinine (C20H24N2O2) na mmiri. Kama nke ahụ, e mepụtara [[:en:Perkin's_mauve|Perkin's mauve]] mgbe a na-anwa [[:en:Quinine_total_synthesis|ngwakọta quinine zuru ezu]] site na oxidation nke N-allyltoluidine.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Seeman JI|title=The Woodward-Doering/Rabe-Kindler total synthesis of quinine: setting the record straight|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition|volume=46|issue=9|pages=1378–413|year=2007|pmid=17294412|doi=10.1002/anie.200601551}}</ref> Tupu nchọpụta Perkin, a nọ na-enweta ihe na-acha odo odo na ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mma site na mgbọrọgwụ, akwụkwọ, ụmụ ahụhụ, ma ọ bụ, n'ihe banyere [[:en:Tyrian_purple|Tyrian purple]], Molluscs. A gaghị emepụta Quinine nke ọma ruo n'afọ 1918. Njikọ na-anọgide na-abụ nke dị mgbagwoju anya, dị oke ọnụ ma na-arụpụta ihe dị ala, yana nsogbu ọzọ nke nkewa nke stereoisomers. Ọ bụ ezie na quinine abụghị otu n'ime ọgwụ ndị a na-eji agwọ ọrịa, mmepụta nke oge a ka na-adabere na mwepụta sitere na osisi cinchona. == Narị afọ nke Iri Abụọ == [[Faịlụ:Sir_Patrick_Hehir,_Malaria_in_India_Wellcome_L0026242.jpg|thumb|Map ịba nke British India, 1927]] === Ihe na-akpata ọrịa (Etiology): Ọkwa ''Plasmodium'' dị n’anụ ahụ na mmụba ya === A malitere ịkọ banyere ịlọghachị ọrịa nke mbụ n’afọ 1897 site n’aka William S. Thayer, onye kọrọ ahụmahụ otu dibịa nke ọrịa ya laghachiri mgbe ọnwa iri abụọ na otu gachara kemgbe ọ hapụrụ mpaghara ebe ọrịa ahụ juru.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Thayer W.|title=Lectures on the malarial fevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Woqcfoq5dwoC|publisher=D.Appleton & Co., New York|year=1898|isbn=978-0-543-91236-7}}</ref> O tụrụ aro na e nwere ọkwa ọrịa dị n’anụ ahụ. Patrick Manson kwadoro ịdị adị nke nlaghachị ọrịa, mgbe o mere ka anwụnta ''Anopheles'' bu ọrịa rie ọbara nwa ya nwoke nke okenye.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Manson P|title=Experimental proof of the mosquito-malaria theory. 1900.|journal=Yale J Biol Med|year=2002|volume=75|issue=2|pages=107–112|pmid=12230309}}</ref> Manson nke obere kọwara nlọghachi ọrịa mgbeọnwa itoolu gachara mgbe o doro anya na o nwetara ọgwụgwọ site n'ịṅụ quinine.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Manson PT|title=Experimental Malaria: Recurrence after Nine Months|journal=Br Med J|volume=2|year=1901|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.2115.77|pmid=20759742|issue=2115}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, na 1900 Amico Bignami na Giuseppe Bastianelli chọpụtara na ha enweghị ike ibufe mmadụ ọbara nwere naanị [[Gammetocyte|gametocytes]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Sulla inoculazione delle sangue di semiluna malariche d'uomo|journal=Atti Soc Studi Malar|volume=1|pages=15–20|year=1900}}</ref> Ronald Ross na David Thompson chepụtara na ọ ga-ekwe omume inwe ọrịa ọbara na-adịghị ala ala na 1910. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Some enumeration studies on malarial fever|url=https://archive.org/stream/philtrans04341040/04341040_djvu.txt|journal=Ann Trop Med Parasitol|volume=4|issue=562|pages=267–306|year=1910|doi=10.1080/00034983.1910.11685718}}</ref> Ọ bụ Henrique de Beaurepaire Aragão gosipụtara nje na-akpata ịb na nnụnụ nke na-amụba n'ụzọ na-enweghị mmekọahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ nke akụkụ ahụ dị n'ime. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Exo-erythrocytic schizogony in Plasmodium gallinaceum Brumpt, 1935|journal=Parasitology|volume=30|pages=128–38|year=1938|doi=10.1017/S0031182000010891}}</ref> [[:en:Émile_Marchoux|Marchoux]] chepụtara usoro atọ ọrịa nwere ike isi ịlaghachi na 1926 (i) parthenogenesis nke macro[[Gammetocyte|gametocytes]]: (<code>ii</code>) nnọgidesi ike nke [[Usoro ndụ Apicomplexan|schizonts]] na obere ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ime ọbara ebe ikike mgbochi ọrịa na-egbochi ịba ụba, mana mgbe e mesịrị ọ na-apụ n'anya na /ma ọ bụ (<code>iii</code>) mmeghachi omume nke ahụ encysted n'ime ọbara.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Marchoux E|title=Paludisme|journal=J. B. Bailliere, Paris.|year=1926}}</ref> James na 1931 tụrụ aro na a na-ebute [[Usoro ndụ Apicomplexan|sporozoites]] na akụkụ ahụ ndị dị n'ime, ebe ha na-abanye na mkpụrụ ndụ reticuloendothelial ma na-agafe usoro mmepe, dabere na enweghị ọrụ quinine na-arụ na ha.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=James SP|title=The use of plasmoquine in the prevention of malarial infections|journal=Proc R Acad Sci Amst|volume=34|pages=1424–25|year=1931}}</ref> Huff na Bloom na 1935 gosipụtara ọkwa nke ịba nnụnụ nke na-eme na n'èzí mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie (exoerythrocytic). <ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Malarial Parasite Infecting All Blood and Blood-Forming Cells of Birds|journal=J Infect Dis|volume=57|pages=315–36|year=1935|issue=3|doi=10.1093/infdis/57.3.315}}</ref> N'afọ 1945, Fairley et al. kọrọ na ịgbanye ọgwụ n'ọbara sitere n'ahụ onye ọrịa nwere ''P. vivax'' nwere ike ghara ibute ịba, ọ bụ ezie na onye nyere ya nwere ike igosi ọnọdụ ahụ mgbe e mechara. Sporozoites furu sitei n'ime otu awa wee pụta ọzọ ụbọchị asatọ ka e mesịrị. Nke a na-egosi ọnụnọ nke ụdị ndị na-adịgide na anụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fairley NH|title=Chemotherapeutic suppression and prophylaxis in malaria|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=38|pages=311–65|year=1945|pmid=20293965|issue=5|doi=10.1016/0035-9203(45)90038-1}}</ref> N'iji anwụnta mee ihe karịa ọbara, na 1946 Shute kọwara ihe yiri nke ahụ ma tụọ aro ịdị adị nke 'x-ahụ' ma ọ bụ ụdị izu ike.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Shute PG|title=Latency and long-term relapses in benign tertian malaria|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=40|pages=189–200|year=1946|url=https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/article-abstract/40/2/189/1855586?redirectedFrom=fulltext|doi=10.1016/0035-9203(46)90056-9|pmid=20275230|issue=2}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, Sapero tụrụ aro njikọ dị n'etiti ịlaghachi azụ na ọkwa anụ ahụ a na-achọpụtabeghị. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sapero JJ|title=New Concepts in the Treatment of Relapsing Malaria|journal=Am J Trop Med Hyg|volume=27|issue=3|pages=271–83|year=1947|doi=10.4269/ajtmh.1947.s1-27.271}}</ref> Garnham na 1947 kọwara exoerythrocytic schizogony na ''[[:en:Hepatocystis|Hepatocystis]] (Plasmodium) kochi''.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Garnham PCC|title=Exoerythrocytic schizogony in Plasmodium kochi laveran. A preliminary note|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=40|pages=719–22|year=1947|doi=10.1016/0035-9203(47)90029-1|pmid=20243887|issue=5}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ nke Britain Henry Edward Shortt na Cyril Garnham kọwara usoro nke na-eme ime imeju nke ''P. cynomolgi'' n'ime enwe. <ref name="Shortt HE, Garnham PCC">{{Cite journal|title=Pre-erythrocytic stage in mammalian malaria parasites|journal=Nature|volume=161|issue=4082|year=1948|pmid=18900752|doi=10.1038/161126a0}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, otu mmadụ onye ọrụ afọ ofufo kwetara ịnata nnukwu ọgwụ nke sporozoites na-arịa ọrịa nke ''P. vivax'' ma mee biopsy imeju ọnwa atọ ka e mesịrị, si otú a na-enye Shortt et al. ohere igosi ọkwa anụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Pre-erythrocytic Stage of Plasmodium Falciparum|journal=Br Med J|volume=2|pages=1006–08, illust|year=1948|pmid=15393036|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.3282.1006-c|issue=4635}}</ref> A kọwara ụdị anụ ahụ nke ''Plasmodium oval'' na 1954 na nke P. malariae na 1960 na chimpanzees ndị na-arịa ọrịa nke ukwuu. Ụdị zoro ezo ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke nje ahụ ([[Usoro ndụ Apicomplexan|hypnozoitis]]) na-eme n'imeju, nke o doro anya na ọ bụ ya kpatara nlaghachị nke ọrịa ''P. vivax'' na ''P. oval'', <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cogswell FB|title=The hypnozoite and relapse in primate malaria|journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev.|volume=5|issue=1|pages=26–35|year=1992|pmid=1735093|doi=10.1128/CMR.5.1.26}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Markus MB|title=Do hypnozoites cause relapse in malaria?.|journal=Trends Parasitol|volume=31|issue=6|pages=239–45|year=2015|pmid=25816801|doi=10.1016/j.pt.2015.02.003}}</ref> ka a hụtara nke mbụ n'afọ ndị 1980. <ref name="Cox" /><ref name="kro">{{Cite journal|title=Demonstration of hypnozoites in sporozoite-transmitted Plasmodium vivax infection|journal=Am J Trop Med Hyg|volume=31|issue=6|pages=1291–93|year=1982|pmid=6816080|doi=10.4269/ajtmh.1982.31.1291}}</ref> Ọ bụ Miles B. Markus chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ ''hypnozoite'' mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ. N'afọ 1976, o kwuru, sị: "Ọ bụrụ na sporozoites nke ''Isospora'' nwere ike ịkpa àgwà n'ụzọ a, mgbe ahụ ndị nke Sporozoa yiri ya, dị ka nje ịba, nwekwara ike ịdị ndụ na anụ ahụ n'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ. "<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Markus MB|title=Malaria: Origin of the Term "Hypnozoite"|journal=J Hist Biol|year=2011|pmid=20665090|doi=10.1007/s10739-010-9239-3|volume=44|issue=4|pages=781–86}}</ref>N'afọ 1982, Krotoski et al kọrọ na ha chọpụtara ''P. vivax'' hypnozoites na mkpụrụ ndụ imeju nke chimpanzees bu ọrịa. <ref name="kro" /> Site na 1980 gaa n'ihu na ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya (ọbụlagodi na 2022), a na-eche na mmeghachi omume nke ''P. vivax'' ịba bụ nke hypnozoite na-ejikarị. N'agbata afọ 2018 na 2021, a kọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke nje ndị na-adịghị agbasa, ndị na-abụghị hypnozoite na-eme n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi na anụ ahụ nke ndị ''P. vivax bunyere ọrịa'', nke naanị obere akụkụ nke ngụkọta nje biomass dị na ọbara. Nchọpụta a na-akwado echiche nwere nghọta miri emi ma gbanwee ụzọ e si ele okwu a anya, nke malitere ịchịkwa echiche kemgbe afọ 2011 (ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara n’ihe gbasara malaria ekwenyeghị na ya n’agbata 2011 na 2018 ma ọ bụ mgbe e mesịrị). Echiche a bụ na pasentị a na-amaghị nke ọma nke ọrịa ''P. vivax'' na-alọghachi bụ recrudescences (nke sitere na '''merozoite''' ndị na-adịghị agagharị n’ọbara ma ọ bụ ndị zoro ezo n’anụ ahụ), kama ịbụ nke na-alaghachị azụ ma e mesịa (nke sitere na hypnozoite). Nchọpụta ndị e mere n’oge na-adịbeghị anya abụghị ha mepụtara echiche ọhụrụ a, n’ihi na echiche ahụ adịlarị tupu ha emee.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Markus|first=MB.|title=Theoretical origin of genetically homologous ''Plasmodium vivax'' malarial recurrences|journal=Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases|date=2022|volume=37|issue=1|doi=10.4102/sajid.v37i1.369|pmid=35399558}}</ref> Ha gosipụtara na ọ dị mma.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Markus|first=MB|title=How does primaquine prevent ''Plasmodium vivax'' malarial recurrences?|journal=Trends in Parasitology|date=2022|volume=38|issue=11|pages=924–925|doi=10.1016/j.pt.2022.09.006|pmid=36180306}}</ref>   == Hụkwa == * Ịba n'Osimiri Thames * Ịrịa ịba na Palestine <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == Edensibia == == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite book|author=Packard RM|title=The Making of a Tropical Disease: A Short History of Malaria|year=2021|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9781421441795|series=Johns Hopkins Biographies of Disease|edition=2nd}} * {{Cite book|author=Shah|first=Sonia|authorlink=Sonia Shah|title=[[The Fever: How Malaria Has Ruled Humankind for 500,000 Years]]|year=2010|publisher=[[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]]|isbn=978-0-374-23001-2}} * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1907/laveran-lecture.html Alphonse Laveran Nobel Lecture: Protozoa dị ka ihe na-akpata ọrịa] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1948/muller-lecture.pdf Paul H Müller Nobel Lecture 1948: Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane na ọgwụ ahụhụ ọhụrụ] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-lecture.pdf Ronald Ross Nkwupụta Nobel] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1927/wagner-jauregg-lecture.html Julius Wagner-Jauregg Nobel Lecture: Ọgwụgwọ nke Dementia Paralytica site na Malaria Inoculation] * [http://www.im.microbios.org/0901/0901069.pdf Grassi na Ross: Ònye doziri ihe omimi nke ịba?] * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/malaria_01.shtml Ịba na ọdịda nke Rom] * [http://www.xs4all.nl/~ottoknot/werk/Malaria.html Ịba Gburugburu Oké Osimiri North] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140619212323/http://www.malariasite.com/malaria/History.htm Ọrịa ịba: Akụkọ ihe mere eme] * [https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/ Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchịkwa Ọrịa: Akụkọ Ịba]  [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] neak7mpk6vdz9uuhzepvaf7o1vy71yq 0 79233 705597 2026-08-24T15:55:13Z Chris Prince Udochukwu Njoku 10744 Jiri '| Ahà = Philadelphia | Ka ndị mmadụ si biri na ya = [[Consolidated city-county]] | Ka o si.malite = [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|[[wikt:φίλος|φίλος]]}} {{Transliteration|grc|phílos}} ('beloved, dear') [[William Penn]] chọpụtara obodo a bụ Philadelphia n'afọ̀ 1682. Ọ bụ obodo mbà Briteenụ maara dịka [[Quakers|Quaker]]. Ọ na-ekwusi okwu ike maka mmadụ inwe okpukperechi masịrị ya, Freedom of religion|religi...' kere ihü 705597 wikitext text/x-wiki | Ahà = Philadelphia | Ka ndị mmadụ si biri na ya = [[Consolidated city-county]] | Ka o si.malite = [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|[[wikt:φίλος|φίλος]]}} {{Transliteration|grc|phílos}} ('beloved, dear') [[William Penn]] chọpụtara obodo a bụ Philadelphia n'afọ̀ 1682. Ọ bụ obodo mbà Briteenụ maara dịka [[Quakers|Quaker]]. Ọ na-ekwusi okwu ike maka mmadụ inwe okpukperechi masịrị ya, [[Freedom of religion|religious freedom]], bụrụ kwa isi obodo na mgbe mbà Briteenụ chịrị [[Province of Pennsylvania]].<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company-1982"/>{{rp|pages=4–5}}<ref name="InsightGuides2005">{{Citation |author-last1=Brookes |author-first1=Karin |author-first2=John |author-last2=Gattuso |author-first3=Lou |author-last3=Harry |author-first4=Edward |author-last4=Jardim |author-first5=Donald |author-last5=Kraybill |author-first6=Susan |author-last6=Lewis |author-first7=Dave |author-last7=Nelson |author-first8=Carol |author-last8=Turkington |editor-first=Zoë |editor-last=Ross |title=Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings |edition=Second (Updated) |year=2005 |publisher=APA Publications |isbn=1-58573-026-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/insightguidephil00zoer }}</ref>{{rp|pages=21–22}} py6fibk9bvqrp2mq8r6yrymhkzmzgn9