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Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako
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708745
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2026-08-31T11:08:14Z
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/* Igbo Wikipedia dị ka obodo nnwale maka Abstract Wikipedia */
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<!-- Discussion notice starts -->
<div style="background: #ff0; margin: 0 0 3px 0; padding: 0 2px 0 2px;">[[Wikipedia talk:Ogbako Ọtú|'''Ihü ákíkó''']] dị maka okwu. Biko doséré okwu ébéahụ. Omemé gi detụ na ihü nkà.
</div>
<!-- Header bar starts -->
<div class="toccolours" id="siteNotice"">
[[Wikipedia:Requests_for_Adminship|Requests for Adminship]] | [[Wikipedia:Request_for_Bot_status|Request for Bot approval]] | [[:Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing _translation|Articles for Translation]] | [[:Category:Article nke ntakiri|Articles needing expansion]]</div>
{{Íshí Nzọr Inglish}}
{{Ihe Anyi gi me}}
==Administrator access==
I would like to be an administrator on this Igbo wikipedia. '''[[User:Ukabia|Álúsí Wikipedia Ìgbo]]''' - [[User talk:Ukabia|okwú na ókà]] 17:21, 10 Önwa Asaa 2011 (UTC)
I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in order to fight vandalism on ig.wikipedia, improve the main page etc. [[Ọbanife:Blossom Ozurumba|Blossom Ozurumba]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Blossom Ozurumba|talk]]) 11:36, 1 Önwa Asáto 2017 (UTC)
I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in organizing the page, fight vandalism on ig.wikipedia, improve articles etc. [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo | Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|talk]]) 17:35, 1 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC)
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[[Category:Wikipedia]]
I would love to be an administrator on ig.wikipedia. The admin tools would be useful in correcting certain misspelt words which change the meaning of words in Igbo and hence reduce the interpretation and make the page difficult to use.
--[[Ọbanife:Chioma Onyema|Chioma Onyema]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chioma Onyema|talk]]) 08:46, 6 Ọnwaàsaà 2021 (UTC)
== Improving the translation support for the Igbo Wikipedia ==
''Sorry about not being able to write in Igbo. I hope someone can translate this!''
[[:mw:Content translation|Content translation]] has been successful in supporting the translation process on many Wikipedia communities, and we want to help additional wikis with potential to grow using translation as part of [[:mw:Content translation/Boost|a new initiative]].
Content translation facilitates the creation of Wikipedia articles by translating content from other languages. It has been used already to create more than half a million articles. In addition, the tool provides [[:mw:Help:Content translation/Translating/Translation quality|mechanisms to encourage the creation of good quality content]], preventing the publication of lightly edited machine translations. In general, our analysis shows that the translations produced are [[:mw:Content_translation/Deletion_statistics_comparison|less likely to be deleted than the articles started from scratch]].
Igbo Wikipedia editors have used Content translation to create [[Special:CXStats|more than three hundred articles]]. Given the size of the editing community, we think that there is potential to use translation to create more articles, expand existing ones, and attract new editors that learn how to make productive edits. Translation can help the community to reduce the language gap with other languages and grow the number of editors in a sustainable way. In order to achieve this goal, we want to collaborate with you to make Content translation more visible in the Igbo Wikipedia and support new ways to translate.
As a first step, during the next weeks we plan to enable Content translation by default on the Igbo Wikipedia. That will make it easy for users to discover the tool [[:mw:Help:Content_translation/Starting|through several entry points]]. However, users not interested in translation will still be able to disable it from their preferences.
Please feel free to share any comment in this conversation thread.
Thanks! --[[Ọbanife:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Aaharoni-WMF|talk]]) 13:04, 4 Ọnwaìrinàotù 2020 (UTC)
Wwyx
Ụmụ nnem na ụmụ nnam, edeyerem akwụkwọ na meta wikipedia ka fa nyem ikike ma ye kwam ego ịji new ruọ oru. Biko kwado nu mu. Ebe ịga afu ya bu na https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Igboanude/Female_Creators_on_Igbo_Wikipedia --[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|talk]]) 07:50, 4 Ọnwaàtọ 2021 (UTC)
I applied for a rapid grant to do a wikidata project on Nigerian female producers etc. the link is attached. I seek your advice and support. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Offordile234/Nigerian_Female_Film_Producers,_Directors_and_Actors_on_Wikidata --[[Ọbanife:Offordile234|Offordile234]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Offordile234|talk]]) 21:23, 10 Ọnwaàtọ 2021 (UTC)
I applied for a rapid grant to add content and improve existing content in wikidata about Nigerian religious leaders and the churches. I will like your comments and if approved your participation. the link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Chuks_Zilo/Nigerian_Religious_Institutions_on_Wikidata --[[Ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|Chuks Zilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|talk]]) 20:23, 12 Ọnwaànọ 2021 (UTC)
E debeyerem akwụkwọ ka eyem ego ịji rụọ ọrụ. The link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Obihoja/Permanent_Secretaries_and_Directors_General/Training Please comment and advice. --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|talk]]) 11:50, 8 Ọnwaìse 2021 (UTC)
E tiyerem akwụkwọ ka ndị wikipedia yem ego maka ọrụ ịtiye foto na ụda onu nịme Igbo Wiktionary. Biko kwadom. Ebe ntịyere ya bụ na https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Igboanude/Pictures_and_Voice_Notes_in_Igbo_Wiktionary --[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|talk]]) 11:03, 12 Ọnwaìse 2021 (UTC)
I applied for a project in wikidata. I will will appreciate your comment and support. the project link is https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Chuks_Zilo/CEOs_of_Quoted_Companies_in_Nigeria --[[Ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|Chuks Zilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chuks Zilo|talk]]) 13:13, 5 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)
== Ịma Ọkwa Obodo Maka Ọrụ M ==
Ezigbo mmadu niile,
Ọ ga-amasị m ịkọrọ unu niile gbasara [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Clarissagum/Mahadum_Federal_na_Steeti,_Polytechnics_na_K%E1%BB%8Dleji_nke_Mm%E1%BB%A5ta_na_Na%E1%BB%8Bjir%E1%BB%8Ba Mahadum Federal na Steeti, Polytechnics na Kọleji nke Mmụta na Naịjirịa].
Daalụ maka nkwado gị niile.
[[Ọbanife:Clarissagum|Clarissagum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Clarissagum|talk]]) 21:21, 9 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)
== Photowalk of Minna, Niger state ==
Ndewo ndi nkem,
Pls find attached my [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/OtuNwachinemere/Photowalk_of_Minna,_Niger_State_Nigeria#Activities project grant] request for your endorsement and collaboration.
Thanks --[[Ọbanife:OtuNwachinemere|OtuNwachinemere]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:OtuNwachinemere|talk]]) 12:48, 15 Ọnwa itoolu 2021 (UTC)
==META WIKI INTERFACE TRANSLATION==
I have applied for translation of the meta wiki interface translation for Igbo Wiktionary which is still in the incubator. your contribution and support will be appreciated. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Obihoja/Igbo_Language_MetaWiki_interface_translation --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|kwuo]]) 07:45, 15 Ọnwa iri 2021 (UTC)
== Ịma Ọkwa Maka Ọrụ M ==
Ndewo onye ọ bụla,
Ọ ga-amasị m ịkọrọ unu niile gbasara [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Clarissagum/%E1%BB%A4m%E1%BB%A5_Nwanyi_nd%E1%BB%8B_Nkuzi_na_nd%E1%BB%8B_Nch%E1%BB%8Dp%E1%BB%A5ta_n%27%E1%BB%A5l%E1%BB%8D_Akw%E1%BB%A5kw%E1%BB%8D_Mmuta_di_elu_nke_Na%E1%BB%8Bjir%E1%BB%8Ba Ụmụ Nwanyi ndị Nkuzi na ndị Nchọpụta n'ụlọ Akwụkwọ Mmuta di elu nke Naịjirịa].
Daalụ maka nkwado gị niile.
[[Ọbanife:Clarissagum|Clarissagum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Clarissagum|kwuo]]) 10:15, 14 Ọnwa iri na otù 2021 (UTC)
== Deployment of FLORES Machine Translation to Igbo Wikipedia ==
Ndewo nụ ndị ọma!
Apologies as this message is not in your native language, {{Int:Please-translate}}.
The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) support for the Content Translation in Igbo Wikipedia called FLORES. This means that you can choose to use [https://ai.facebook.com/blog/the-flores-101-data-set-helping-build-better-translation-systems-around-the-world/ FLORES machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles to Igbo using [https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation the Content Translation tool].
The FLORES Machine Translation service is provided by an [https://ai.facebook.com/ AI research team at Meta] through a free for use API key that allows the Content Translation to access the service on the FLORES server for an evaluation trial period. This MT is set as optional; in your Wikipedia, which means you can choose not to use it as your preferred initial translator. If you decide to use this service, you can select "FLORES" from the "Initial Translation" dropdown menu where you will find other existing machine translation services on the sidebar.
The Wikimedia Foundation has worked out an agreement that allows the use of FLORES without compromising Wikipedia’s policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user, and brand representation. You can find more information about the FLORES Machine translation on [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores#Summary_of_our_agreement_with_Meta|this page]].
Please note that the use of the FLORES MT is optional. However, we would want your community to:
*use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service; and
*[[mw:Talk:Content_translation|provide feedback]] about its quality and ask any questions you might have about this addition.
We trust that this addition is a good support to the Content Translations tool towards having better quality articles in Igbo Wikipedia.
Daalụ nụ!
[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 12:02, 7 Ọnwa abụọ 2022 (UTC)
== Making Flores a default Machine Translation for three months in Igbo Wikipedia ==
Ndewo nụ ndi nkem!
The WMF Language team would like to make [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores Flores], provided by an [https://ai.facebook.com/ AI research team at Meta], the default machine translation support in your Wikipedia Content Translation tool for a test period of 3 months.
The above experiment will help us determine how useful the Machine Translation is for your community more reliably. By setting Flores as the default service, we expect more content to be created by using it and the data about its quality to be more representative. We plan to effect this change on 11th April 2022 unless your community has an objection not to make the FLORES the default Machine translation.
It is okay if individuals decide to select their default service, which would also be helpful to understand user preferences. However, we would encourage you to use it. After three months, we would revert to the initial default machine translation unless your community thinks otherwise.
We thank you for your support and look forward to the outcome of this test.
[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 18:48, 28 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.
I have recently applied for a grant on training and competition for senior citizens. it is a proposal to bring in more senior citizens to join the wikipedia family. it will be a training and competion for participating seniors. will appreciate your suggestions.--[[Ọbanife:Igboanude|Igboanude]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Igboanude|kwuo]]) 14:55, 26 Ọnwa ise 2022 (UTC)
== Reverting to Google as the default Machine Translation in Igbo Wikipedia ==
Ndewo ndi nkem!
Three months ago, the WMF Language team set the [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores|Flores]] Machine Translation (MT) support as the default in your Wikipedia which just ended.
So, we want to revert to the initial default Machine translation support for the Content translation tool in Zulu Wikipedia unless there are objections from your community to retain the Flores as your default MT.
We will wait two weeks for your feedback in this thread on the above, and If there are no objections to reverting to the [[mw:Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation#Google_Translate|Google Translate]], we will make the Google MT the default translation in your Content translation tool after the 25th of July, 2022.
Thank you so much, and we look forward to your feedback.
[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 12:40, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) On hehalf of the WMF Language team.
:Dear @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] thank you for the update. Speaking for myself and from feedback from other community members, Flores has more accurate translations than Google Translate and we would prefer to keep Flores as default.
:Thank you! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 15:54, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)
::Thank you @[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] for the feedback. This means we will not be reverting to Google since the community prefers Flores because it is more accurate. We will leave Flores as the default Machine Translation, while the Google Machine translation will be optional.
::Best regards. [[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|kwuo]]) 19:06, 12 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)
== "Talk page" ==
Hi!
At a translatewiki training on July 30, there was a side discussion about the right word to use for "Talk", "Talk page", "Discussion", etc.
"Talk page" refers to pages on which editors discuss the following things:
* The article—how to write it, what to include, what to exclude, what terminology to use, etc.
* General Wikipedia matters—policies, style, appointing administrators, etc.
* Direct conversations with users ("user talk page").
As a general comment, in English, the words "discussion" and "talk" are used for this, but it's actually the same thing, and can be translated with the same word in Igbo.
The words that I can see here are:
* Mkparita ụka
* nkàta
* Akíkó
* Nkpata okà
* Kuwa akíkó
* kwuo
* okwu
There may also be other words that I haven't noticed.
I recommend choosing consistent translations for "talk" and "talk page", and using them consistently. [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 11:05, 31 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)
:Thank you for this recommendation @[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amire80]]. Best, [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 14:40, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
== Atụmatụ ịgbanwe aha "talk spaces" anyị ==
Ndewo ụmụnne! Ọ ga-amasị m ịtụ aro ka anyị gbanwee aha 'talk spaces' n'asụsụ Igbo site na "Okwu" gaa na "Ṅkàtá", n'ihi na ọ dị m ka "Ṅkàtá" na-akọwa ọrụ ya nke ọma karịa 'Okwu'. Ewelitere nke a n'oge usoro nkwado maka Wiktionary Igbo na Wikiquote na Meta. Iji gbanwee nke a, anyị kwesịrị igosi ebe anyị nwere nkwenye maka ngbanwe a, yabụ biko kwupụta echiche gị banyere mgbanwe a n'okpuru - ọ bụrụ na ịnwere nkwenye maka ngbanwe a n'ime izu ole na ole a n'abia, anyị nwere ike ịrịọ ka ha gbanwee ya. Ọ bụrụ na anyị kpebie ịgbanwe aha ndị ahụ, aha ochie nọ ebe a ga-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na njikọ, mana ọ gaghị abụ aha na-egosipụta na ibe okwu. Mee ka m mara ihe ị chere! Ya gazie! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 15:01, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
:Ọ ga adị ezigbo mkpa ma ha mgbanwe ibe okwu dị na Wikipidia anyị. E kweyere m nke ọma ka e mee mgbanwe a. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 15:12, 5 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Imeela na nzaghachi gị @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:18, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022
(UTC)
:Ọ di mmá kà anyị gbanwee áhà ndi a. E kwenyere m. [[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|kwuo]]) 08:35, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Ndewo na nkwado gị @[[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:18, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
:E kwenyere m na mgbanwe aha a n'ihi na "Nkàta" ka kọwaa ya karịa "okwu. [[Ọbanife:Uzoejinwa|Uzoejinwa]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Uzoejinwa|kwuo]]) 9:22, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
:A nam eche na "Nkàtá" kọwara ihe a na-ekwu maka ya karịa "Okwu". N'ihi nke a, e kwenyere m na mgbanwe a. [[Ọbanife:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Timzy D'Great|kwuo]]) 08:49, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
::Eziokwu ka ikwuru @[[Ọbanife:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:19, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
:Ọ bụ ihe ziri ezi ime ya bụ ḿgbánwè. "Ńkàtá" kasịrị daba adaba nke ọma karịa "Okwu". Ekwenyere m na nke ahụ. [[Ọbanife:Daberechi16|Dabere16]]
([[Okwu Ọbanife: Daberechi16|kwuo]]) 11:02, 6 Satọnafọ 2022 (UTC)
:Ọ dị mma maka "Nkàta" bụ aha ya kpọmkwem ma kakwa wee kọwaa ya nke oma karịa "okwu. [[Ọbanife:Onyinyeonuoha|Achukwu Onyinye]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Onyinyeonuoha|kwuo]]) 1:11, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
: This change is a welcome development since it is a known fact that language is dynamic; hence Igbo language is no exception to this dynamism and as such, ''Nkata'' captures the content of the discussion. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|kwuo]]) 13:37, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
:Ọ di mmá kà anyị gbanwee áhà ndi a. E kwenyere m na nke a [[Ọbanife:Lebron jay|Lebron jay]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Lebron jay|kwuo]]) 14:04, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
:E kwenyere m ka a gbanwee áhà a site N'okwụ baa na ńkàtá maka ọ dabara nke ọma. [[Jabinekene:Ekene Amaechi|Ekene Amaechi]] 04:00, 6 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
I agree to the change of the name ọ f "Talk Places" to "Nkata" because it gives to real meaning of the word in Igbo Language rather than"talk" [[Ọbanife:Chikeme Chizurum|Chikeme Chizurum]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Chikeme Chizurum|kwuo]]) 02:55, 8 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC)
==Usoro ọdide asụsụ Igbo==
===Ndakọrịta Udaume (Vowel Harmony)===
Ndakọrịta Udaume bụ usoro iwu odide Igbo wubere na ụdaume Igbo ga-agbaso mgbe eji ha emebe mkpụrụokwu maọbụ ekwu okwu.
N'asụsụ Igbo e nwere ụdaume asatọ, Ha bụ '''''a e i ị o ọ u ụ'''''. E kere Ụdaume ndị a ụzọ abụọ .
1) Ụdamfe/Otu A: a ị ọ ụ. Otu A nwere kpọm n'okpuru ha ma ewepụ a
2) Ụdaarọ/Otu E: e i o u. Otu E enweghị kpọm n'okpuru ha
Iwu megidere na mgbe ọbụla ụdaume si n'otu nke ọbula na-emebe okwu, mara na mkpụrụokwu ahụ ga ejupụta na ụdaume si n'otu ahụ.
Ọmụmaatụ:
Okwu ndị si n'Otu A---
Ọgụ (fight)
Ụdọ (rope)
Azịza (broom)
ịgba (Drum)
Okwu ndị si n'Otu E---
Ezi (Pig)
Udo (peace)
Iko (Cup)
Olulu (Pit)
===Ede ụdaume na-ada iwu ndakọrịta===
1) Aha mmadụ:
Ọbiageli
Ijeọma
Chigaekwu
Chukwuma
wee dịrị gawa
2) Okwu ọkpụ: Okwu ndị nna anyị ha na-ekwu ọkpụtọrọkpụ dịka: Ngaji
Omenala
Dibịa
Ụdaume
Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta iwu ndakọrịta Ụdaume nke ọma iji mata ma ghọta ụfọdụ mgbanwe dị n'ụtọasụsụ Igbo.
== STUDY ON WHY WIKIPEDIA IS NOT BEING USED IN NIGERIAN CLASSROOM ==
The Igbo Language and Culture Institute has applied for a project to conduct a research on Overcoming Challenges of Introducing Wikipedia in Nigeria Classroom. your suggestions will be appreciated. --[[Ọbanife:Obihoja|Obihoja]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Obihoja|kwuo]]) 10:36, 19 Ọgọọst 2022 (UTC)
== The name of this page ==
Hi!
What should be the name of this page: "Nzọr ogbako", "Ogbako otú", or something else? [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 07:40, 23 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
== Namespace names ==
Hi,
I spoke to @[[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], and she found many mistakes in the names of namespaces on this wiki.
This problem needs a thorough solution. As a first step, I'd love to know the Igbo Wikipedia's community opinion about several terms. For each of the following terms, there must be one consistent term used everywhere, because all these words are very common and important:
;Special
:This must be the translation of the word "special" in "special page". (The word "page" is not needed, only "special".) The current translation is "Ihü kárírí", and it's probably incorrect. Oby Ezeilo's suggestion is "Ọpụrụiche".
;Talk ''or'' Discussion
:"Talk pages" or "Discussion pages" are pages where editors have discussions about articles or about other topics. For example, "Talk:Nigeria" is the talk page of the article "Nigeria", and "User talk:Amire80" is the personal talk page of User:Amire80. In English, the words "Talk" and "Discussion" are both used, but it's the same thing, so you can use one word in Igbo. The current translation is "Okwu", and Oby Ezeilo's suggestion is "Ńkàtá".
;User
:A user is anyone who uses the wiki as a reader or an editor. The current word is "Ọbanife". Oby Ezeilo recommends the word "Ojiarụ".
;File
:Files on Wikipedia usually store photos, videos, or documents. The current word is "Usòrò", and it's probably wrong. What should be the correct translation?
;Template
:A template is a piece of text or code that can be embedded in other pages. Common examples of templates are infoboxes, citations, tags at the top of the article, etc. The current word is "Àtụ". Is it good?
;Help
:Help pages are pages that explain how to use Wikipedia. Some examples of English-language help pages: [[:w:en:Help:Recent changes|Help:Recent changes]], [[:w:en:Help:Table|Help:Table]], etc. The current word is "Nkwadọ", and Oby Ezeilo recommends "Enyemaka".
;Category
:A category is a group of pages that have a similar topic. For example, the Wikipedia articles about [[:w:en:Leymah Gbowee|Leymah Gbowee]], [[:w:en:Andrei Sakharov|Andrei Sakharov]], and [[:w:en:Alva Myrdal|Alva Myrdal]] all belong to the "Nobel Peace Prize laureates" category in the English Wikipedia, and are automatically listed on that category's page: [[:w:en:Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates|Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]. The current word is "Òtù", and Oby Ezeilo recommends "Katigori".
What do other Igbo Wikipedia editors think? How should these words be written in Igbo?
Here's the list again, briefly:
* Special
* Talk
* User
* File
* Template
* Help
* Category
Please reply here.
Once everyone agrees on these terms' translation, it will be possible to write correct translations for all the namespace names.
Thank you! :) [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|kwuo]]) 08:13, 23 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
:Hello Amir, thank you for this question. After so much deliberation in our community, we voted this:
Here's the list,
* Special -Ọpụrụiche
* Talk - Ṅkàtá
* User -Ojiarụ
* File -Faịlụ
* Template -Templeeti
* Help -Enyemaka
* Category - Otú
Thank you!
[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 17:04, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
:I highly support the introduction of these newly translated words. [[Ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|Kingsley Nkem]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Kingsley Nkem|kwuo]]) 18:21, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
:I Strongly support the use of these terms Tochiprecious listed above. Thanks [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 18:22, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
I am in support of the names translation, because it will be of a great help to our community.
[[Ọbanife: Senator Choko|Senator Choko]] ([[Okwu ọbanife: Senator Choko|kwuo]]) 18:16, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
:Effecting these changes on the page will make it more understandable to the users. I'm in support of these new developments. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|kwuo]]) 18:03, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
::I support this.. I support the new name translation brought up here [[Ọbanife:Sayvhior|Sayvhior]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Sayvhior|kwuo]]) 19:55, 24 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
::I support those new translations to be put to use. [[Ọbanife:Daberechi16|Daberechi16]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Daberechi16|kwuo]]) 12:36, 25 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
:I strongly support these changes as it makes them more understandable. [[Ọbanife:Timzy D'Great|Timzy D'Great]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Timzy D'Great|kwuo]]) 09:06, 25 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)
== Upcoming vote on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct ==
Hello all,
In mid-January 2023, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] for the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] will undergo a second community-wide ratification vote. This follows [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting/Results|the March 2022 vote]], which resulted in a majority of voters supporting the Enforcement Guidelines. During the vote, participants helped highlight important community concerns. The Board’s [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] requested that these areas of concern be reviewed.
The volunteer-led [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Revisions_Committee_members|Revisions Committee]] worked hard reviewing community input and making changes. They updated areas of concern, such as training and affirmation requirements, privacy and transparency in the process, and readability and translatability of the document itself.
The revised Enforcement Guidelines can be viewed '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|here]]''', and a comparison of changes can be found '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Comparison|here]]'''.
'''How to vote?'''
Beginning '''January 17, 2023''', voting will be open. '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|This page on Meta-wiki]]''' outlines information on how to vote using SecurePoll.
'''Who can vote?'''
The '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information#Voting_eligibility|eligibility requirements]]''' for this vote are the same as for the Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections. See the voter information page for more details about voter eligibility. If you are an eligible voter, you can use your Wikimedia account to access the voting server.
'''What happens after the vote?'''
Votes will be scrutinized by an independent group of volunteers, and the results will be published on Wikimedia-l, the Movement Strategy Forum, Diff and on Meta-wiki. Voters will again be able to vote and share concerns they have about the guidelines. The Board of Trustees will look at the levels of support and concerns raised as they look at how the Enforcement Guidelines should be ratified or developed further.
On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,
[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 08:59, 10 Jenụwarị 2023 (UTC)
== Universal Code of Conduct revised enforcement guidelines vote results ==
The recent community-wide vote on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct revised Enforcement Guidelines]] has been tallied and scrutinized. Thank you to everyone who participated.
After 3097 voters from 146 Wikimedia communities voted, the results are 76% in support of the Enforcement Guidelines, and 24% in opposition. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting_statistics|Statistics]] for the vote are available. A more detailed summary of comments submitted during the vote will be published soon.
From here, the results and comments collected during this vote will be submitted to the Board of Trustees for their review. The current expectation is that the Board of Trustees review process will complete in March 2023. We will update you when their review process is completed.
On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,
[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:54, 16 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)
== Community feedback cycle about updating the Wikimedia Terms of use starts ==
Hello everyone,
[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is organizing a feedback-cycle with community members to discuss updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use.
[[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Terms_of_Use|The Terms of Use (ToU)]] are the legal terms that govern the use of websites hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. We will be gathering your feedback on a draft proposal from February through April. The draft will be translated into several languages, with written feedback accepted in any language.
This update comes in response to several things:
* Implementing the Universal Code of Conduct
* Updating project text to the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license
* Proposal for better addressing undisclosed paid editing
* Bringing our terms in line with current and recently passed laws affecting the Foundation, including the European Digital Services Act
As part of the feedback cycle two office hours will be held, the first on March 2, the second on April 4.
For further information, please consult:
* The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Proposed_update|proposed update of the ToU by comparison]]
* The page for your [[metawiki:Talk:Terms_of_use|feedback]]
* Information about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|the office hours]]
On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,
[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 13:00, 21 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)
== Reminder: Office hours about updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use ==
: ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours/Reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours/Reminder|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Legal+department%2F2023+ToU+updates%2FOffice+hours%2FReminder&language=&action=page&filter= Please help translate to your language]
Hello everyone,
This a reminder that the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is hosting [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|office hours]] with community members about [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Proposed_update|updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use]].
The office hours will be held today, '''March 2, from 17:00 UTC to 18:30 UTC.''' See for more [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department/2023_ToU_updates/Office_hours|details here on Meta]].
Another office hours will be held on April 4.
We hereby kindly invite you to participate in the discussion. Please note that this meeting will be held in English language and led by the members of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team, who will take and answer your questions. Facilitators from the Movement Strategy and Governance Team will provide the necessary assistance and other meeting-related services.
On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,
[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 11:55, 2 Maachị 2023 (UTC)
== Board of Trustees have ratified the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines ==
: ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement_-_Board_ratification|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement_-_Board_ratification|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FRevised+enforcement+guidelines%2FAnnouncement+-+Board+ratification&language=&action=page&filter= Please help translate to your language]
Hello all, an important update on the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines:
The vote on the Enforcement Guidelines in January 2023 showed a majority approval of the Enforcement Guidelines. There were 369 comments received and a detailed summary of the comments will be published shortly. Just over three-thousand (3097) voters voted and 76% approved of the Enforcement Guidelines. You can view the '''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting_statistics|vote statistics on Meta-wiki]]'''.
As the support increased, this signifies to the Board that the current version has addressed some of the issues indicated during the last review in 2022. The Board of Trustees voted to ratify the Enforcement Guidelines. The [[foundation:Resolution:Approval_of_Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Enforcement_Guidelines|resolution can be found on Foundation wiki]] and you can read more about the [[wmfblog:2023/03/21/the-enforcement-guidelines-received-strong-support-from-the-community-what-happens-next/|process behind the 2023 Enforcement Guidelines review on Diff.]]
There are some next steps to take with the important recommendations provided by the Enforcement Guidelines. More details will come soon about timelines. Thank you for your interest and participation.
On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,
[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:01, 23 Maachị 2023 (UTC)
== Elections Committee: Call for New Members ==
Hello everyone,
The [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Wikimedia Foundation elections committee]] (Elections Committee) is, from today until April 24, seeking an additional 2–4 members to help facilitate the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustee (Board) selection process.
The 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election is being planned. New members are invited to join the Elections Committee. The Elections Committee oversees the Board of Trustees community seat selection process. Join the committee and contribute your valuable skills and ideas to the Trustee selection process.
There are eight community- and affiliate-selected seats on [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_of_Trustees|the Wikimedia Foundation Board]]. The wider Wikimedia community votes for community members to occupy these seats. In 2024, the Elections Committee will oversee this selection process for the community- and affiliate-selected seats with expiring terms. This process will be supported by the Wikimedia Foundation.
Elections Committee members sign up for three-year terms and will be asked to [[phab:L37|sign a confidentiality agreement]]. Members can expect to contribute 2–5 hours per week before the selection process and 5–8 hours per week during the selection process.
As an Elections Committee member, you will be responsible for:
* Attending online meetings between now and the next election (mid-2024)
* Attending onboarding and online training in May–June 2023
* Working with the Committee to fulfill its [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Elections_Committee_Charter|other responsibilities]]
New members should have the following qualities:
* Fluency in English
* Responsiveness to email collaboration
* Knowledge of the movement and movement governance
If you would like to volunteer for this role, please '''submit your candidacy by April 24, 2023 23:59 [[:en:Anywhere_on_Earth|AoE (Anywhere on Earth)]] on [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Nominations/2023|this Meta-Wiki page]]'''.
You can [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Wikimedia_Foundation_Elections_Committee_-_2023_Call_for_New_Members|'''read the full announcement here''']]. Thank you in advance for your interest! If you are not interested but know someone who might be, share this message with them. Please let me know if you have questions.
On behalf of the Elections Committee,
[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 22:16, 14 Eprel 2023 (UTC)
== End of the Movement Charter ratification methodology community review ==
Hello,
The Movement Charter Drafting Committee has concluded its first community review of the methodology draft, which will be used to ratify the Movement Charter in 2024.
This community review included [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement_Charter|feedback collection on Meta]], on the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-ratification-methodology-community-review-from-10-28-april-2023/2930/6 Movement Strategy forum] as well as two [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation|conversation hours]] with communities and one conversation with the Committees of the Wikimedia projects. MCDC greatly appreciates everyone's input. The recording of the ratification methodology presentation is here and [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation/Notes_and_documentation|documentation can be accessed here]]. The timeline of the next steps of the methodology is [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMC_Ratification_Methodology_-_April_2023.pdf&page=33 provided here].
The WMF support team will produce a report on the community input in May. MCDC will incorporate the feedback and share an updated version of the ratification methodology in August 2023. The MCDC will continue to outreach to stakeholders regarding the updated methodology in late 2023.
Thank you for your participation!
On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,
[[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 16:40, 3 Mee 2023 (UTC)
==Dates==
I've fixed up the templates {{Tlx|Birth date and age}} {{Tlx|Death date and age}} and possibly a few more to use Igbo month names.
* I need to translate "aged" as in "Nwürü 11 Novemba 2002 (aged 82)". What word should I use?
* I've used Eprelụ should this be Eprel?
Let me know if there are any problems and I'll do my best to fix them.
[[Ọbanife:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Rich Farmbrough|ṅkátá]]) 21:35, 13 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
== Ozi maka atụmatụ ndi Wikimedia Foundation nke afọ 2024-25 ==
Ndewo nụ ndi nkem!
Ndi Wikimedia Foundation ebidola ihazi atụmatụ na ebumunuche ga eduzi ọrụ anyi ndi Wikimedia na afọ 2024-25. Eji mụ ohere na egosi anyi ozi onye isi nke Prodọktụ na Teknọlọji onye nke a na akpọ Selena Deckelmann dere gbasara atụmatụ na ebumunuche afọ ọhuru anyi na abanye na Wikimedia. Ndi Wikimedia Foundation si na ọdi oke mkpa ka anyi gụọ ebumunuche ha maka afọ 2024-25 ma gwa ha uche gi, ma jụọ kwa ha ajụjụ gbasara atụmatụ na ebumunuche ha deputara. Inwere ike iji asụsụ ọbula di gi nma (igbo ma ọbu na English) ide puta uche gi ma juọ ha ajụjụ ebea.
[[User:UOzurumba_(WMF)| UOzurumba (WMF)]], ma ọbụ Mazi [[User:Udehb-WMF|Benedict]] ga elegide ihụ akwụkwọ a, ma nyere aka ziruo ha ozi, ma zaa ajuju ọbula inwere. Biko guọ ozi ya ebea, ma ọbụ ebe nzisa ozi nke [[wmfblog:2024/02/20/thinking-about-annual-planning-in-the-wikimedia-foundations-product-and-technology-department/|Diff]] na nke ọzọ a na akpọ [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2024-2025/Goals/Infrastructure|Meta]].
Daalụ nụ! -[[Ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|ṅkátá]]) 17:35, 14 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
== Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia ==
Ndewo n<u>ụ</u> ndi Igbo Wikipedians!
Apologies, as this message is not in your language. <nowiki>{{Please-translate}}</nowiki>.
The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] proposes temporarily making Google Translate the default machine translation for your Wikipedia. Some months ago we set MinT, the new Wikimedia Foundation machine translation service, as the default for your language. However, we plan to revert this change. This is because we are [[phab:T363563|working on improving the reference support]] and fixing some bugs causing referencing issues when using MinT to translate.
During this period, contributors can still use the MinT by selecting it as an optional service. However, we want to limit its use to reduce the effect of using it as it is thereby imposing more work on translators to correct the issues manually.
Please let us know in this thread if your community objects to our proposal and would rather have MinT as default, irrespective of our improvement plans. Rest assured, changing the default machine translation support is a temporary measure. We will notify you once we finish [[phab:T363569|the work]] and revert to MinT.
We appreciate your understanding and cooperation on this change. Daalụ nụ!
[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 19:19, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.
:@[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] Thank you for the information, I am in support making Google translate temporarily the default machine translation for our Wikipedia. [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]]) 20:54, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
:Dear @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], thanks for the heads-up. I believe the Google translate can be temporarily used for the Igbo Wikipedia - but to be changed as soon as possible the MinT is up. [[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|ṅkátá]]) 04:08, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)
:Thanks @[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] for this notice. The referencing errors also occur while using Google Translate... It's a good thing your team is working towards fixing these errors, you can go ahead with the plan. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:30, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)
:Thank you, @[[Ọbanife:Akwugo|Akwugo]], @[[Ọbanife:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] and @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]], for your response. I will let the WMF Language team know your take on this.
:Best regards
:[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 19:20, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)
== Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia ==
Ndewo ndi Igbo Wikipedians,
The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] has been working on [[mw:MinT#MinT_for_wiki_readers|MinT for Wiki Readers]]. This feature will allow communities to access more content that is only available in other languages with machine translation in Wikipedia. The initial version of this feature is ready, and we would like the Igbo Wikipedia to be the first to test and have this feature since the Igbo community has been using MinT frequently to create translations. For this, our team would like you to read about the feature and [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ih%C3%BC_k%C3%A1r%C3%ADr%C3%AD:AutomaticTranslation '''test it'''] so you can:
* Ask us questions
* Tell us how to improve the feature
* Give us your feedback on enabling it in your Wikipedia
'''About the feature'''
The MinT for Wiki Readers is a feature that will allow readers of Igbo Wikipedia to expand their reading options and knowledge beyond the language they are familiar with in Wikipedia. For instance, if someone is interested in a topic or content that only exists in the Japanese language and the person is not familiar with the language. While using the mobile web version of Wikipedia, the reader can access the machine translation version of that content in the Igbo language from the language selector or the article's footer (as shown in the image below).
{{Gallery
| align = center
| height =450
| width =200
| whitebg = no
| noborder = yes
| File:MinT MVP Language Selector entry point video.webm|Language selector entry point.
| File:MinT_MVP_Article_footer_entry_point.png|Article footer entry point
}}
These machine-generated translations of content are clearly identified as such, and the human-created content is surfaced and recommended if available.
This feature is in its initial development. It is an early and functional version, and many aspects will be improved based on your community member's feedback on what works and what can be improved to better support your needs as readers.
'''How to try the tool'''
Before we enable this feature in your Wikipedia by the 17th June 2024, we invite members of your community to try MinT for Wiki Readers in Igbo Wikipedia at [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:AutomaticTranslation Special:AutomaticTranslation] and give us early feedback in this thread or on [[mw:Talk:MinT#Feedback_from_the_Igbo_Wikipedians_about_MinT_for_Wikipedia_Readers|this talk page]]. Our team would like to know your impression on:
* How do you use the feature
* Anything we should consider for our plans to enable it?
* Your ideas for improving it.
We greatly appreciate your time and effort in testing this tool. We eagerly look forward to your valuable feedback and questions, which will be instrumental in the further development of this feature. Thank you.
[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 20:06, 10 Jụn 2024 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.
== Temporary accounts may be rolled out in late October ==
Hello everyone. We are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product|Trust and Safety Product]] team, working on digital security and online privacy issues. We are here to let you know about [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts|temporary accounts for unregistered (logged-out) editors]]. '''Later this month, we will be rolling them out on several pilot wikis, who will have the chance to test and share comments to improve the feature before it is deployed on all wikis in mid-2025.'''
'''This change is especially relevant to the logged-out editors and the more experienced community members like patrollers and admins – anyone who uses IP addresses when blocking users and keeping the wikis safe.'''
'''Based on data we have analyzed, we believe that Igbo Wikipedia is a great candidate for being a pilot.''' We wanted to share more about what temporary accounts are, what change they bring, why we think you would be a good piloting community, and what we can do together to make sure this change goes smoothly for everyone affected.
'''Legal mandate for this work'''
The Foundation’s Legal team requires that we change the ways in which logged-out editors interact with the wikis, and how their personal data is handled. The result is the creation of temporary accounts. We are doing it to keep up with legal changes and with the ways many people expect websites to operate, and to minimize risks to logged-out editors. ([[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ#Why_are_you_working_on_temporary_accounts_at_all?|See more on the legal aspect in our FAQ]] and the [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/Updates/Legal#July_2021|2021 update from the Legal team]].)
'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb|400px]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: ~2024-1234567 (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after the account creation date. As long as the cookie exists, all edits made by this user from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.
What does this mean for different groups of users?
{{hidden|For logged-out editors|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.
}}
{{hidden|For community members interacting with logged-out editors|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.
}}
{{hidden|For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki|ta1 = left|bg1 = #eaecf0|
* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range (<nowiki>[[Special:IPContributions]]</nowiki>). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/IP_Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mediawikiwiki:Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* We are and will be working with other users with advanced permissions, like stewards. With useful feedback from these users, we have updated tools and scheduled deployments around these updates.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.
}}
'''Why we think the Igbo Wikipedia community will be a good pilot'''
In late October, we aim to deploy on approximately 10 small and medium-sized wikis. The goal is to ensure all critical functionality (patroller workflows, tools etc.) for temporary accounts work as expected. For that to happen, we want to make sure that people are comfortable with the changed functionality. We will do our best to support the piloting communities. After deploying and improving the functionality, we will keep temporary accounts here, and later, roll them out on more wikis.
We have pre-selected potential good pilots based on different factors. For example, we considered the following statistics and technical limitations: numbers of active IPs, editors, admins, IP edits per month, and lack of blockers related to the configuration of a given wiki. Human connections are even more important, and by that, we mean: availability of colleagues like @[[Ọbanife:Udehb-WMF|Benedict]], potential ambassadors and technical members of the respective communities, and communication with affiliates and hubs and their community support projects. Based on all these factors, we believe that Igbo Wikipedia will be a good pilot.
'''What we would ask of you and next steps'''
* If you'd like to learn more about temporary accounts, please ask! We will gladly address your questions, suggestions, and other thoughts!
* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/For_developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/For_developers#How_should_I_update_my_code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options, including not piloting here on Igbo Wikipedia.
Before we deploy on the first pilots, we will complete some work. This includes creating a new public dashboard presenting the impact of temporary accounts on communities ([[phab:T357763|T357763]]), building a mechanism which will automatically give the eligible users the right to reveal IP addresses ([[phab:T327913|T327913]]), and [[phab:project/view/7289/|some other tasks]].
To learn more about the project, check out [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/Updates|look at the latest updates]] and [[mediawikiwiki:Newsletter:T&S_Product_projects|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you! [[User:NKohli_(WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] and [[Ọbanife:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 23:14, 4 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
== Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Igbo Wikipedia ==
{{Int:Hello}} Igbo Wikipedians,
Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.
The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia.
The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.
Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Igbo Wikipedia.
'''Who can access it'''
Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions.
[[Faịlụ:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[Faịlụ:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]
For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually.
This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.
We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 20th November 2024.
We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia.
We look forward to your response soon.
Thank you!
On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 01:38, 7 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==
{{Int:hello}} Igbo Wikipedians,
Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.
The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.
With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[Faịlụ:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic). Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]]
[[Faịlụ:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement this improvement on your wiki '''on Monday, March 10th, 2025''' and subsequently for other Wikipedias. We plan to roll it out on all wikis and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.
We look forward to your feedback after using the new dashboard. Please reach out with any questions regarding your experience with the enhanced dashboard in this thread.
Thank you!
On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. [[Ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 06:03, 5 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
== Please block Donaldbert ==
Please block [[Ojiarụ:Donaldbert]] for their actions at [[Vargaći]], recreating a previously-deleted item and removing deletion tags. Note that this user also edits as [[Ojiarụ:Berlindrag]] and is indefinitely blocked at Wikidata for abuse of multiple accounts and promotion of this entity. [[Ojiarụ:Bovlb|Bovlb]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Bovlb|ṅkátá]]) 16:50, 4 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
:It looks like they may also be editing as [[Ojiarụ:Smith.886]]. [[Ojiarụ:Bovlb|Bovlb]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Bovlb|ṅkátá]]) 18:56, 4 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
:{{done}} [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 23:23, 5 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
== Ndozi ntụgharị asụsụ ==
Ndewo ndi Igbo Wikipedians. Ana m atụ aro ka anyị dezie ntụgharị asụsụ nke “Talk” site na Ṅkàtá iji gosipụta nke ọma ka Ńkàtá. Nke a ga-akwalite nhazi ọkwa ma melite ogo na ọrụ a. Biko kwadoo arịrịọ a. Daalụ [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 14:24, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC))
* A kwadosiri m árò a ike maka nchekwa asụsụ Igbo. Nke ọbụla a na-asụpe, a sụpee ya ọfụma [[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|ṅkátá]]) 19:07, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:A kwadoro m nhazi a, n’ihi na nsụpe nke a bụ nke kacha mma. Daalụnụ [[User:Sayvhior|<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Sayvhior</b></span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Sayvhior|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]</sup> 19:49, 17 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma. [[Ọpụrụiche:Contributions/~2025-29202-75|~2025-29202-75]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:~2025-29202-75|talk]]) 03:55, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma [[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) 05:48, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado ya nke ukwuu maka na ọ tozuru ya [[Ojiarụ: Iwuala Chisom|Iwuala Chisom]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Iwuala Chisom|ṅkátá]]) 08:11, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
*Ana m akwado nke a makana ọ bu ihe dị mma. [[User:Senator Choko|<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Senator Choko</b></span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Senator Choko|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]</sup> 21:35, 18 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
:A na m akwado nhazi a. Ọ bụ ezigbo arọ [[Ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|Epiphanus Jide]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Epiphanus Jide|ṅkátá]]) 18:19, 19 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)
== Will you help us test an updated Databox? ==
''Apologies for posting in English - you can help by translating it''
Hello everyone, recently an update has been made to the [[Module:Databox|Module:Databox]] / [[Template:Databox|Template:Databox]] page with the following changes:
* A Wikidata logo and link to the connected Wikidata Item
* New parameters <code>useImage=</code> and <code>excludeProperties=</code> can be invoked in the source code to give a greater degree of control on what the Databox displays.
** '''<code>useImage=</code>''' choose a different [[d:Property:P18|image(P18)]] to display in the Databox.<br> Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|useImage=Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part d.jpg}}</nowiki><br><br>
** '''<code>excludeParameters=</code>''' hides selected Properties (and values) in from displaying in the current Databox.<br>Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|excludeProperties=P1290,P66}}</nowiki>
* The parameters can be combined, separated by a pipe |:<br><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code><code>Databox|'''useImage='''image_file.jpg|'''excludeProperties='''P123}}</code>
=== How can you help? ===
Please help us by playing with the new features, adding Databoxes to Articles and using the new parameters (if it is good for the article). Mostly we just want to collect feedback on whether this is a positive change, is useful, interrupts your editing workflows and / or causes any issues or bugs.
Only the first change (Wikidata Logo+Link) will automatically apply to existing Databoxes (may take upto 30 days from this post) or after any edit to a page with a Databox (including null-edits).
The two Parameters will only show if the <nowiki>{{Databox}}</nowiki> wikitext is edited with the new parameter code.<br>[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox#Changes_to_Databox|Find instructions to do that here]].<br>
Any questions, please feel free to reply here or add them to the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox|Talk page]].<br>
Thank you, - [[Ojiarụ:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|ṅkátá]]) 18:25, 4 Novemba 2025 (UTC) on behalf of the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] Team
== Invitation to a survey ==
Dear contributors to Wikipedia in Igbo,
Apologies for posting in English!
My name is Mali, and as a part of my PhD program at the University of Oslo, Norway, I am investigating young language communities from less digitized languages on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects.
I have previously spoken to some contributors from the Igbo community, and it has been really interesting. Now I wish to expand my understanding of this community by inviting you to take a survey about your experiences as Wikipedia-editors.
You find the survey here: https://nettskjema.no/a/577121
The survey should take around 10 minutes. I invite you to write freely about your experiences in the open questions.
If you complete the survey before the 15<sup>th</sup> of December you have the possibility to win an electronic gift card worth 10 USD. Winners will be contacted directly after the survey.
Feel free to contact me for further questions, directly on Wiki or on my email malikb@ifi.uio.no
Thank you! [[Ojiarụ:Malikbr|Malikbr]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Malikbr|ṅkátá]]) 11:49, 9 Disemba 2025 (UTC)
== Ọkwa maka bot flag request ==
Ndewo nnụ 👋
E tinyela m 'bot flag request' maka nnabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia.
Bot a ga-enye aka nabata ndị ọrụ ọhụrụ ma duzie ha otu ha ga-esi malite itinye aka.
Biko lelee ya ma kesaa echiche unu:
👉[[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests_for_approval/DolphybBot]]
Daalụ 🙏 [[Ojiarụ:Dolphyb|Dolphyb]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Dolphyb|ṅkátá]]) 13:42, 8 Eprel 2026 (UTC)
== [[User:King ChristLike]] for Bureaucrat nomination ==
E ji m aṅụrị na-ahọpụta [[User:King ChristLike]] maka ọkwa Bureaucrat na ọrụ a.
Dịka onye nchịkwa, o gosipụtara nduzi siri ike, mkpebi ziri ezi, na nkwado maka otu ebe ọ na-akwado ma ndị ndezi ọhụrụ ma ndị ndezi nwere agba. Ọ na-egosipụta nghọta doro anya nke amụma Wikimedia na usoro otu, ekwere m na o nwere iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na ikike dị mkpa iji jee ozi nke ọma dị ka Bureaucrat.
Eji m obi m niile na-akwado ma na-ahọpụta ya maka ọrụ a.
'''Bekee'''
I am happy to nominate [[User:King ChristLike]] for Bureaucrat on this project.
As an administrator, he has shown strong leadership, sound judgement, and dedication to community growth while supporting both new and experienced editors. He demonstrates a clear understanding of Wikimedia policies and community processes, and I believe he has the integrity and competence needed to serve effectively as a Bureaucrat.
I wholeheartedly support and recommend him for this role. [[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 14:21, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:Daalụ @[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] maka ịhọpụta m. Anam anabata ya nke ọma. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 16:27, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::I vote in support of this nomination. He has shown a great deal of leadership skills and has a great eye for details. [[Ojiarụ:Vivian Amalachukwu|Vivian Amalachukwu]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Vivian Amalachukwu|ṅkátá]]) 16:43, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::Am also nominating King Christlike for Bureaucrat nomination..he has proven to be a great assist in contributing to the growth of wikipedia not just Igbo wikipedia but wikipedia as a whole [[Ojiarụ:Edozie Ojekwe|Edozie Ojekwe]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Edozie Ojekwe|ṅkátá]]) 16:47, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::I support this nomination because,he is a great leader not only igbo Wikipedia but Wikipedia as whole, he tries his best to see that new people gets the hang of how things are done in Wikipedia [[Ojiarụ:Anastesia chi|Anastesia chi]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Anastesia chi|ṅkátá]]) 09:03, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:Ana m akwado [[User:King ChristLike]], maka ọkwa nke ahọpụtara ya. [[User:Sayvhior|<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#ffe900 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#ffe900 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Sayvhior</b></span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Sayvhior|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]</sup> 16:50, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:Strong Support [[Ojiarụ:Dolphyb|Dolphyb]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Dolphyb|ṅkátá]]) 17:29, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::He has consistently demonstrated excellent leadership, good judgment, and a strong commitment to the growth of the community, while actively supporting both new and experienced contributors. His solid understanding of Wikimedia policies and community procedures, along with his integrity and capability, make him well suited for the Bureaucrat role. I fully endorse and support [[User:King ChristLike]] nomination. [[Ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|ṅkátá]]) 17:42, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:User:King ChristLike has demonstrated a high level of competence and reliability in supporting the Igbo Wikimedians community and its project. Granting him the Bureaucrat right will ensure that the impact of his contribution and commitment is reflected across boards. I hereby endorse him for this role. [[Ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|ṅkátá]]) 22:15, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:'''Support''' [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 13:02, 2 Jụn 2026 (UTC)
[[User:King ChristLike]] has shown concern and support for the Igbo Wikimedians Community.I hereby give my support to him. [[User:Chiziqa|Chiziqa]]
[[Ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|Chinemeremprince]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Chinemeremprince|ṅkátá]]) 16:44, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
[[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) I hereby vote in support of [[user:king_ChristLike]] for the bureaucrat nomination. He is good at what he does and I believe he would perform the best if given the opportunity.[[Ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|Philip Emeka]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Philip Emeka|ṅkátá]]) 18:17, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
[[User:King ChristLike]] has demonstrated a high level of competence and reliability in supporting the Igbo Wikimedians community and its project. Granting him the Bureaucrat right will ensure that the impact of his contribution and commitment is reflected across boards. I hereby '''endorse''' him for this role.[[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 19:56, 1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
His commitment, contributions, teamwork, and willingness to support others in Wikimedia projects makes him a strong and deserving candidate. I strongly vote in support of [[User:King ChristLike]] for the bureaucrat nomination.
[[Ojiarụ:Sylvaline39 |Sylvaline39]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Sylvaline39|ṅkátá]]) 10:25,1 Mee 2026 (UTC)
[[User:King ChristLike]] Is someone who leads by example. He is hardworking, reliable and always willing to support others. Whether it is in teamwork, leadership, or communication. He has proven time and time again that he have what it takes to serve effectively. I proudly nominate King ChristLike for the bureaucrat nomination.
[[Ojiarụ:Iwuala chisom|Iwuala chisom]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ: Iwuala chisom|ṅkátá]]) 11:14,2 Mee 2026 (UTC)
I am proud to endorse this nomination as [[User:King ChristLike]] has shown and is still on that path of supporting and ensuring that editors do the right thing, the right way. He is also passionate about Open source knowledge and he is duly deserving of this opportunity. [[Ojiarụ:Aminwa 21|Aminwa 21]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Aminwa 21|ṅkátá]]) 22:18, 3 Mee 2026 (UTC)
A true definition of leadership! I strongly endorse [[User:King ChristLike] for this position. [[Ojiarụ: Senator Choko|Senator Choko]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ: Senator Choko|ṅkátá]]) 21:10, 6 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:A na m akwado:@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] maka ọkwa a n'ihi na a maara m na ọ ga-emeli ihe dị na ya [[Ojiarụ:Geraldine Kene|Geraldine Kene]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Geraldine Kene|ṅkátá]]) 06:49, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)
'''Kwado''' — A na m akwado nhọpụta a. [[User:King ChristLike]] na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ghọtakwara iwu ndị ahụ, ma na-ekwurịta okwu nke ọma na obodo Wikimedia ndị ọzọ na ndị editọ. Atụkwasịrị m ya obi na ngwaọrụ bureaucrat. Nke a bụ votu m nye ya.
'''Support''' — I support this nomination. [[User:King ChristLike]] is active, understands the policies, and communicates well with other wikimedia communities and editors. I trust him with bureaucrat tools. This is a vote for him.
[[Ojiarụ:Emmanuel Obiajulu|Emmanuel Obiajulu]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Emmanuel Obiajulu|ṅkátá]]) 07:17, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)
*I '''strongly support''' this initiative. More technical hands are needed on the Igbo Wikipedia space which will help tackle alot of pending activities. I look forward to seeing more technical volunteers. --[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 08:30, 13 Mee 2026 (UTC)
*I '''strongly support''' Akwadosiri m nke a ike n'ihi na Maazi Christlike egosila ụdịrị odogwu ọbụ site na mbọ niile ọ na-agba iji kwalite asụsu Igbo.[[Ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|ṅkátá]]) 12:05, 14 Mee 2026 (UTC)
== It's Wiki Loves Pride... ==
Tagging some users:
@[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], @[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]], @[[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]], @[[Ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], @[[Ojiarụ:Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie|Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie]], @[[Ojiarụ:Sayvhior|Sayvhior]].
Currently, it is June, which means that it is Wiki Loves Pride month!
Due to this, I think that the ig.wikipedia should spend more of its time on some of the main LBGTQIAP2+ articles, translating them from the en.wikipedia (or another language) including:
Gay
Lesbian
Bisexual
Pride (LBGTQ)
Pride parade
LBGTQ
etc.
Thank you!
<nowiki><sub>Side note: Is there a better translation for LBGTQ in Igbo than just keeping it as is?</sub></nowiki> [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 18:55, 2 Jụn 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] at the moment, we use it as it is. However, in the context of the various nomenclatures it embodies, we translate according to the context it is being used. [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 00:20, 3 Jụn 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] yes, we are aware of the Wiki Loves Pride campaign and plan to respond to the call for Nodes. [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 00:21, 3 Jụn 2026 (UTC)
::Okay. I’ll make a short translation now for others to expand upon. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|ṅkátá]]) 01:32, 3 Jụn 2026 (UTC)
== Automated Citation Maintenance Bot ==
Ndewo umunne. We're proposing to build a bot that automatically detects and fixes common citation and reference errors on the Igbo Wikipedia, thereby improving article quality and reducing manual maintenance. Your feedback and support is highly appreciated. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 15:49, 21 Jụn 2026 (UTC)
== Igbo Wikipedia dị ka obodo nnwale maka Abstract Wikipedia ==
Ndewo nu ndi Igbo Wikipedia.
Ndị otu Abstract Wikipedia na Wikifunctions ga-achọ ka ha na Wikipedia rụkọ ọrụ dịka otu nnwale
Abstract Wikipedia bụ ngwa ọrụ Wikimedia ọhụrụ ezubere imepụta akụkọ nwere asụsụ onwe ya. Enwere ike ịtụgharị ndị a na-akpaghị aka n'ọtụtụ asụsụ site na iji Wikifunctions. Nke a ga-enyere anyị aka itolite ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa na oghere ihe ọmụmụ dị nso, n'ihi na otu a ejirila Lexemes na Wikifunctions arụ ọrụ, nke bụ isi nke Abstract Wikipedia.
Anyị na-achọ nzaghachị na nkwado:
1. Ị na-akwado Igbo Wikipedia isonye dịka otu nnwale n'ebe Wikipedia Abstract nọ?
2. I nwere nchegbu ọ bụla ma ọ bụ aro?
3. Ị ga-esonye n'ọgbakọ ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọzụzụ n'akụkụ nke a?
Daalụ maka ntinye aka gị.
>> English
Hello Igbo Wikipedians.
The Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions teams would like to work with Igbo Wikipedia as a pilot community.
Abstract Wikipedia is a new Wikimedia project aimed at creating language-independent articles. These can be automatically rendered into many languages using Wikifunctions. This will help us grow content faster and close knowledge gaps, because the community is already active with Lexemes and Wikifunctions, which are the core of Abstract Wikipedia.
We are seeking feedback and approval:
1. Do you support Igbo Wikipedia joining as a pilot community for Abstract Wikipedia?
2. Do you have any concerns or suggestions?
3. Would you join a capacity building workshop or training session in this regard?
Thank you for your contribution. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 21:11, 27 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] Daalụ maka iwetere anyị ozi a, daalụkwa unu nye ndị otu Abstract Wikipedia maka ịchọ ka anyị rụkọọ ọrụ a. Nke a kwekọrọ na atụmatụ nke otu ndị ọrụ Wikimedians nke Igbo nke e mere iji mechie oghere ihe ọmụma. Ana m atụ anya ọgbakọ iwuli ikike na otu ọ ga-esi kwado otu anyị ka o too ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa na nke ziri ezi. Ana m akwado nke a. [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 12:22, 28 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
This is a great privilege for our community to join the pilot, I am available for capacity building workshop. [[Ojiarụ:Macocobovi|Macocobovi]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 11:08, 31 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
== Acceptance of the collaboration ==
This is a good idea and I will be part of the capacity building workshop on this regard [[Ojiarụ:Obasi Ogbeyialu Precious|Obasi Ogbeyialu Precious]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Obasi Ogbeyialu Precious|ṅkátá]]) 12:34, 28 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
or08n1decqg8nh9pfqouuekdez51ju5
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'''Tope Oshin''' {{Audio|Yo-Tope Oshin.ogg|audio}} bụ onye telivishọn '''Naịjirịa''' na onye na-ahụ maka fim, onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri, edepụtara dị ka otu n'ime ndị Naijiria kachasị emetụta na fim na 2019. N’afọ 2015, akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Pulse'' kpọrọ ya aha otu n’ime ‘9 ndị isi ihe nkiri ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa ị kwesịrị ịma” n’ụlọ ọrụ [[ Nollywood|ihe]] nkiri [[ Nollywood|Nollywood]] . na Maachị 2018, na ncheta nke [[ Historymụ nwanyị Akụkọ ọnwa|Ọnwa]] Ndị [[ OkayAfrica|Akpọrọ]], ''mụ nwanyị'', Ememe [[ OkayAfrica|Ọfrefke bụ Emekaffie]] dị ka otu n'ime ''ụmụ nwanyị Okay100'' . Mgbasa ozi mmemme a na - eme umu nwanyi ndi si mba Africa na ndi bi n’ime ala ka ha na - eme njem ga - eme njem ga - eme otutu obodo, ebe ha na - ebute ezi ndi n’obodo ha na uwa niile.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/the-wedding-party-2-is-the-highest-grossing-nollywood-movie-id7879784.html|publisher=Pulse|title=The Wedding Party 2 - Sequel becomes Highest Grossing Nollywood Movie Of all Time|date=January 23, 2018|accessdate=January 23, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/we-dont-live-here-anymore-watch-trailer-for-new-nigerian-gay-themed-movie/qeq4svd |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2020-05-17 |archivedate=2021-11-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103190438/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/we-dont-live-here-anymore-watch-trailer-for-new-nigerian-gay-themed-movie/qeq4svd }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://myfilmhouse.ng/watch-online/we-dont-live-here-anymore/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2020-05-17 |archivedate=2019-11-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101144453/https://myfilmhouse.ng/watch-online/we-dont-live-here-anymore }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://pmexpressng.com/ladies-calling-shots-book-female-directors-launch-lagos|title=Ladies Calling The Shots - Book on Female Directors For Launch in Lagos|date=July 17, 2015|accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/10/27/tope-oshins-we-dont-live-here-anymore-rattles-nollywood/</ref><ref name="ynaija.com">https://ynaija.com/bon-awards-2018-tope-oshins-we-dont-live-here-anymore-wins-best-movie-of-the-year/</ref>
== Oge mbu na muta ==
[[Usòrò:Tope Oshin.jpg|thumb|303x303px|Tope]]
Tope kelere si na ezi na ulo ndi Kristi. Dika nwatakiri o tinyere aka n’ise, na-egwuri egwu ma gbaa egwu, nweekwa olile anya ibu onye na-ese ihe. Ọ gụrụ ihe ọmụmụ akụ na ụba na [[ Mahadum nke Ilorin|Mahadum Ilorin]], [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara State]], mana ọ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ wee mụọ Nchịkwa Ọha, ma mechaa aterlọ ihe nkiri,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-press-release-beyond-nollywood-showcases-new-nigerian-cinema-2016-11-04.pdf|title=BFI Press release - Beyond Nollywood showcases New Nigerian Cinema 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://ebonylifetv.com/2014/03/08/ebonylife-tv-launches-new-horizons-a-powerful-short-film-against-domestic-violence/|title=EbonyLifeTV launches powerful short film against domestic violence}}</ref><ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/04/sisi-oge-2018-winner/</ref><ref>https://judithaudu.tumblr.com/post/154696115572/we-got-awarded-a-medal-of-honor-at-in-short-film</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://100women.okayafrica.com/film-tv-articles/2018/2/28/tope-oshin |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2020-05-17 |archivedate=2019-09-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904153502/https://100women.okayafrica.com/film-tv-articles/2018/2/28/tope-oshin }}</ref> TV & Production na Mahadum [[ Mahadum Lagos State|Lagos State]] . Ọ nwere mmasị karị n'ịse ihe nkiri ma mechaa mụọ Production Film, yana Cinematography na Colorado Film School of the [[ Community College of Aurora|Community College of Aurora]], [[ Denver|Denver]], na [[ Filmlọ Filmlọ Ihe nkiri Met|Schoollọ Akwụkwọ Nkiri]], [[ Ioslọ nyocha|Ealing Studios]]<ref name="The Net NG3">{{cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/mtv-shuga-season-6-launches-africa-lagos-premiere/|publisher=The Net NG|title=MTV Shuga Season 6 launches in Africa|date=February 23, 2018|accessdate=February 23, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/the-wedding-party-2-is-the-highest-grossing-nollywood-movie-id7879784.html|publisher=Pulse|title=The Wedding Party 2 - Sequel becomes Highest Grossing Nollywood Movie Of all Time|date=January 23, 2018|accessdate=January 23, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/tope-oshin-ogun-fifty-producer-shares-the-key-to-becoming-a-successful-filmmaker-id4717778.html|title="Fifty" producer shares the key to becoming a successful filmmaker|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=20 September 2016|archivedate=27 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927105026/http://pulse.ng/movies/tope-oshin-ogun-fifty-producer-shares-the-key-to-becoming-a-successful-filmmaker-id4717778.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/fifty-nigerian-movie-breaks-box-office-record-makes-n20m-in-holiday-weekend-id4509523.html|title=Nigerian movie breaks box office record, makes N20m in holiday weekend|publisher=Pulse|date=30 December 2015|accessdate=20 September 2016|archivedate=7 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507110557/http://pulse.ng/movies/fifty-nigerian-movie-breaks-box-office-record-makes-n20m-in-holiday-weekend-id4509523.html}}</ref><ref>https://ynaija.com/ynaija-presents-the-100-most-influential-nigerians-in-film-in-2019/</ref><ref name="The Net NG">{{cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/mtv-shuga-season-6-launches-africa-lagos-premiere/|publisher=The Net NG|title=MTV Shuga Season 6 launches in Africa|date=February 23, 2018|accessdate=February 23, 2018}}</ref><ref>http://culturecustodian.com/tope-oshins-up-north-is-coming-to-netflix-this-october/</ref>, London n'otu n'otu. Tope bụkwa alumnus nke 'Talents Durban' na [[ Berlinale Talents|Berlinale Talents]], nzukọ nchịkọta nke nhọrọ ụwa dị iche iche siri ike n'ụwa nke usoro ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri na-agafe ụwa niile.<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/29/tope-oshin-to-produce-new-mtv-shuga-series/</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/ebonylife-tv-hosts-emmy-awards-judging-event/|title=EbonyLife hosts Emmy Awards Judging Event|date=July 17, 2015|accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://xplorenollywood.com/banky-w-to-lead-cast-for-tope-oshins-up-north/|title=Banky W to lead cast for Tope Oshin's Up North|publisher=XploreNollywood}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ynaija.com/tope-oshin-new-film-we-dont-live-here-anymore-is-taking-on-the-lgbt-ya-canon/|publisher=YNaija|title=Tope Oshin's New Film - We Don't Live Here Anymore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7493184/|publisher=IMDB|title=New Money (2018)}}</ref><ref name="Pulse2">{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/nollywood-9-nigerian-female-movie-directors-you-should-know-id4231520.html|title=9 Nigerian female movie directors you should know|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=20 September 2016|archivedate=20 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820184056/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/nollywood-9-nigerian-female-movie-directors-you-should-know-id4231520.html}}</ref>
== Oru ya ==
Tope, onye bụ onye na- [https://web.archive.org/web/20170823165231/http://www.nigerianbestforum.com/index.php?topic=11363.0 eme] ihe [https://web.archive.org/web/20170823165231/http://www.nigerianbestforum.com/index.php?topic=11363.0 nkiri] afọ iri na abụọ, nke na-egosi na fim dị ka ''[[ Relentless (2010 ihe nkiri)|Relentless (ihe nkiri 2010)]]'', gbachapụrụ ezé ya na-eduzi, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyere aka maka onye na-ahụ maka ''[[ Ọmụmụ Afrịka|Apprentice Africa]]'' . na nwere ebe ọ bụ na a mara maka eduzi na-ewu ewu African TV nkiri na ncha usoro ihe nkiri ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ''Shịị,'' ''Hotel Ebube,'' ''[[ Tinsel (usoro TV)|tinsel (TV usoro)]]'' na Season 6 nke [[ MTV|MTV]] [[ Shuga (usoro onyonyo)|Shuga]] . Agbanyeghị na ọ duziri ọtụtụ ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi dị ka ''The Young Smoker'', ''Till Death Do Us Part'', ''New Horizons'' na ''Ireti'', a maara ya nke ọma maka ezigbo ''njiri mara ọkwa ngosipụta'' 2018 nke ewepụtara ''[[ N'elu North (ihe nkiri)|Up North (ihe nkiri)]]'', na ''[[ Ego ohuru (ihe nkiri 2018)|New Money]]'' .<ref name="ynaija.com2">https://ynaija.com/bon-awards-2018-tope-oshins-we-dont-live-here-anymore-wins-best-movie-of-the-year/</ref><ref>http://awdf.org/nigerian-tope-ogun-wins-awdf-women-in-film-award/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://therustintimes.com/2018/12/10/we-dont-live-here-anymore-bags-5-awards-at-the-best-of-nollywood-awards/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2020-05-17 |archivedate=2019-11-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101144523/http://therustintimes.com/2018/12/10/we-dont-live-here-anymore-bags-5-awards-at-the-best-of-nollywood-awards/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-press-release-beyond-nollywood-showcases-new-nigerian-cinema-2016-11-04.pdf|title=BFI Press release - Beyond Nollywood showcases New Nigerian Cinema 2016}}</ref><ref name="The Net NG2">{{cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/mtv-shuga-season-6-launches-africa-lagos-premiere/|publisher=The Net NG|title=MTV Shuga Season 6 launches in Africa|date=February 23, 2018|accessdate=February 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="BBC World Service2">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3cswbm0|title=BBC World Service - The Documentary, Nigeria: Shooting It Like A Woman|publisher=BBC World Service}}</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2577388/fullcredits</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tns.ng/line-tope-oshin-many-wont-see-toni-kan/|title=InLine-Tope Oshin's Amazing Film|publisher=TNS Nigeria}}</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2577388/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm</ref>
== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Alụmdi na nwunye nke 2002 nke onye nyocha akwụkwọ edemede, Yinka Ogun, kụrụ nkume ma duga na nkewa na-adịgide adịgide na 2014. Njikọ ahụ rụpụtara ụmụaka 4, tupu ya akwụsị.<ref name="Nation3">{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/amaka-igwe-encouraged-me-to-go-into-directing-nollywood-star-tope-oshin-ogun/|title=Amaka Igwe encouraged me to go into directing —Nollywood star Tope Oshin Ogun|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=20 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/tope-oshin-the-rise-of-a-female-filmmaker|title=Tope Oshin - The Rise Of A Female Filmmaker|publisher=Omenka Online|accessdate=13 October 2016|archivedate=22 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222234828/http://www.omenkaonline.com/tope-oshin-the-rise-of-a-female-filmmaker/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/talent/temitope-ogun/profile|title=Tope Oshin - Berlinale Talents}}</ref><ref name="Pulse3">{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/nollywood-9-nigerian-female-movie-directors-you-should-know-id4231520.html|title=9 Nigerian female movie directors you should know|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=20 September 2016|archivedate=20 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820184056/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/nollywood-9-nigerian-female-movie-directors-you-should-know-id4231520.html}}</ref><ref name="OkayAfrica-100 Women2">{{cite web|url=https://100women.okayafrica.com/film-tv-articles/2018/2/28/tope-oshin|title=TOPE OSHIN-OkayAfrica's 100 Women|publisher=OkayAfrica|accessdate=1 March 2018|archivedate=4 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904153502/https://100women.okayafrica.com/film-tv-articles/2018/2/28/tope-oshin}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/hooray-for-nollywood-how-women-are-taking-on-the-world-s-third-largest-film-industry-1.2870650|newspaper=The Irish Times|title=Hooray for Nollywood: how women are taking on the world's third largest film industry|date=November 16, 2016|accessdate=December 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20150222/282157879692937|title=Four For Berlinale Talents|newspaper=ThisDay|accessdate=22 February 2015}}</ref>
== Ṅrụtụaka ==
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'''Rita Akarekor''' (amụrụ na 13 Febuwarị 2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/10theditionwomensafcon-cameroon2016/TeamDetails/playerdetails?CompetitionPlayerId=mKZF7xpDbS3Ruw8BZUWgTI8KnY7RCSqnBVLwhcfH16pvxrk2rID7E2t0nJeM9n2G|title=Rita Akarekor|website=Caf Online|access-date=2017-08-09}}</ref> bụ onye ọgba bọọlụ na-agbaara ndi [[:en:Delta_Queens|Delta Queens]] na asompi bọọlụ nke ụmụ nwaanyi di na [[:en:Nigeria_Women_Premier_League|Naijiria]]. Ọ na-agba dika onye na-eche nche bọl. N'afo [[:en:2016_Nigeria_Women_Premier_League|2016]], ha kwuru na Rita bụ ọgba bọl kachasi mma na asompi bọọlụ ụmụ nwaanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ladiesmarch.com/2017/06/ladies-in-sport-conference-a-rousing-success/|title=Ladies In Sports Conference A Rousing Success|date=2017|website=Ladies March|access-date=2017-08-09|accessdate=2020-11-11|archivedate=2018-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605081829/http://ladiesmarch.com/2017/06/ladies-in-sport-conference-a-rousing-success/}}</ref>
== Ọrụ bọọlu ==
=== Klọb ===
N'oge [[:en:2017_Nigeria_Women_Premier_League|2017 asompi ụmụnwaayị]], Akarekor nyere goolu abụọ nke meriri [[Adamawa Queens]]. Ọ kọwara na ọ teela ọchọrọ inye goolu na udịrị asọmpi ahụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporterssport.com/akarekor-happy-to-score-dream-goal-for-delta-queens/|title=NWPL: Akarekor Happy To Score Dream Goal For Delta Queens|date=2017|website=Sahara Reporters Sports|access-date=2017-08-09|accessdate=2020-11-11|archivedate=2024-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007092059/http://saharareporterssport.com/akarekor-happy-to-score-dream-goal-for-delta-queens/}}</ref>. N’ọnwa Eprel 2017, Akarekor sonyeere ndị meriri Saadatu Amazons, 2-1. Otu goolu ndi Amazons nyere na asompi ahu mebiri ndeko ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brila.net/delta-queens-leave-it-late-against-saadatu-amazon/|title=Delta Queens Leave It Late Against Saadatu Amazon|date=April 2017|website=Brila FM|access-date=2017-08-09|accessdate=2020-11-11|archivedate=2020-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205085515/https://www.brila.net/delta-queens-leave-it-late-against-saadatu-amazon/}}</ref> N'onwa Julaị 2017, na-egwuregwu tupu nke ikpeazu, Akarekor mere ndekọ bọọlụ ọhụrụ n'aka ndi Adamawa Queens. O nweghi goolu obula banyere na nke ya<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soccerblitz.net/2017/07/27/nwfl-wrap-bayelsa-queens-delta-queens-go-top/|title=NWFL WRAP: Bayelsa Queens, Delta Queens Go Top|date=July 2017|website=Soccer Blitz|access-date=2017-08-09|accessdate=2020-11-11|archivedate=2017-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820113921/http://soccerblitz.net/2017/07/27/nwfl-wrap-bayelsa-queens-delta-queens-go-top/}}</ref>.
=== Mba ===
Akarekor gbaara na egwuregwu bọl mba Afrịka nke ụmụnwaanyị n'afo [[:en:2016_Africa_Women_Cup_of_Nations|2016]]<nowiki/>nke ha meriri<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/217003-awcon-2016-final-nigeria-vs-cameroon-live-updates.html|title=AWCON 2016 Final: Nigeria Vs Cameroon — LIVE UPDATES|date=2016|website=Premium Times|access-date=2017-08-09}}</ref>.
== Ebe m si dee ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Category:Onye Egwuregwu Nigeria]]
[[Òtù:Category:Onye n'agba bọọlụ]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 2001]]
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Rasheedat Ajibade
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{{Infobox football biography|name=Rasheedat Ajibade|goals2=12|pcupdate=|nationalgoals1=0|nationalcaps1=12|nationalteam1=[[Nigeria women's national football team|Nigeria]]|nationalyears1=2018–|goals1=9|caps1=|clubs1=[[FC Robo]]|years1=2013–2018|caps2=39|image=|clubs2=[[Avaldsnes IL|Avaldnes]]|years2=2018–|position=[[Forward (association football)|Forward]]|clubnumber=20|currentclub=[[Avaldsnes IL]]|height={{height|cm=160}}|birth_place=[[Nigeria]]|birth_date={{birth date and age |df=yes|1999|12|8}}|fullname=Rasheedat Busayo Ajibade|ntupdate=}}'''Rasheedat Ajibade''' onye amụrụ na abalị asatọ n'ime ọnwa Disemba n'afo1999<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/rasheedat-ajibade/333745/|title=R. AJIBADE}}</ref> bụ nwaafọ Naịjirịa maara egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] na- agbara Avaldsnes IL bọọlụ na Toppserien na otu Nigeria women's national football team . Ajibade nọchitere anya Nigeria na asọmpi oyi ebiri, tupu ịgba asọmpi mbụ ya maka ndị otu egwuregwu na 2018 WAFU Cup na Côte d'Ivoire. Na 2017, a họ́pụ̀tàrà ya dịka otu n'ime mmadụ iri nke ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ na-eto eto kachasị mma na mpaghara Africa site na ''Goal.com'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/galleries/top-10-african-most-promising-women-footballers-to-watch-in/1/8rzxzjrahx1f179qlamgckl98|title=Top 10: African most promising women footballers to watch in 2018}}</ref>
[[Usòrò:Rasheedat Ajibade.jpg|thumb|Rasheedat Ajibade]]
== Ọrụ ==
Ajibade anọchitela anya Naịjirịa n'ogo afọ iri na asaa, ndị na- erubeghi afọ iri abụo nakwa ndị otu egwu bọọlụ sinịọ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/156368-costa-rica-2014-nigerias-u17-women-coach-names-21-players.html|title=Costa Rica 2014: Nigeria’s U17 Women Coach names 21 players}}</ref> Ọ nọọrọ-ndị òtù bọọlụ FC Robo n'egwu kemgbe oge Nigeria Women Premier League 2013 . Na 2014, edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị N'eto eto ụ́kwụ́ na aghọ nko na ngalaba egwuregwu a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sl10.ng/news/articles/countries/Nigeria/the-top-25-young-talents-in-nigeria-women-football/166368|title=The Top Young Talent In Nigerian Women's Football|date=19 June 2014}}</ref> N'ọ́nwa Septemba 2018, o meriri n'asọmpi egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị Naịjirịa nke ugboro abụọ áchàghị̀ acha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/ajibade-retains-nigeria-women-freestyle-crown/1l5b1nfc3hgqp12xe2372nacgs|title=Rasheedat Ajibade retains Nigeria women freestyle crown|last=Oludare|first=Shina}}</ref>
=== Ọrụ klọb ===
N'ime oge egwuregwu 2015 Nigeria Women Premier League izu nke abụọ, e depụtara aha Ajibade dịka ndị nlereanya nke izu ahụ, nke ''Soccerladuma South Africa chịkọbara'', n'agbanyeghị na Confluence Queens meriri ha n'oge agba egwuregwu a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/local/categories/nigeria-1/sl10-reporter-picks-nigeria-women-s-premier-league-team-of-round-two/209370|title=NWPL Team Of Round Two|date=12 May 2015|accessdate=13 November 2020|archivedate=20 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220151859/https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/local/categories/nigeria-1/sl10-reporter-picks-nigeria-women-s-premier-league-team-of-round-two/209370}}</ref> N'oge 2017 Nigeria Women Premier League, emere Ajibade dịka kaptin ndị otu FC Robo . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scorenigeria.com.ng/2017/07/13/champions-rivers-angels-stay-in-touch-with-bayelsa-queens-after-easy-win-at-robo-queens/|title=Champions Rivers Angels stay in touch with Bayelsa Queens after easy win at Robo Queens|date=13 July 2017|accessdate=13 November 2020|archivedate=20 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033626/http://scorenigeria.com.ng/2017/07/13/champions-rivers-angels-stay-in-touch-with-bayelsa-queens-after-easy-win-at-robo-queens/}}</ref> Ajibade bụ otu n’ime ndị nyere akara ya na mmeri Robos n’ụlọ ha megide ndị Ibom Angels n’oge a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/170419/Ogbonda_rues_loss_at_FC_Robo|title=Ogbonda rues loss at FC Robo}}</ref> Na 13 Julaị 2017, mgbe ndị ọbịa bịara bụ Rivers Angels merichara ndị òtù ya, Ajibade bụ onye ''SuperSport'' hotara iji mee ka ndị otu ya nwee ike iru ''Super 4'', n'ihi ọdịiche dị na ákàrà na ọnụ ọgụgụ egwuregwu ole na ole fọdụrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/170713/Ajibade_unsure_of_NWFL_Super_Four|title=Ajibade unsure of NWFL Super Four}}</ref> Ajibade meriri ḿbípụ̀tá mbụ nke Nigeria National Freestyle Championship, nke bụ asọmpi iji kwalite onyinye amara ònyé n'egwu bọọlụ . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cityvoiceng.com/mccarthy-obanor-rasheedat-ojubade-emerge-nigeria-freestyle-football-champions/|title=McCarthy Obanor, Rasheedat Ajibade emerge Nigeria Freestyle Football Champions|date=25 July 2017|accessdate=13 November 2020|archivedate=3 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603174326/https://cityvoiceng.com/mccarthy-obanor-rasheedat-ojubade-emerge-nigeria-freestyle-football-champions/}}</ref> Na 2017, agbanyeghị na Robo esoghị na otu egwuregwu ndị mechara, Ajibade bụ onye bọọlụ elegaara anya nke oge a ka o nyechara goolu asatọ iji zọpụta ndị otu ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/11/24/lba-2017-takes-centre-stage-in-lagos/|title=LBA 2017 Takes Centre Stage in Lagos|date=24 November 2017}}</ref> Na Mee 2018, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye kacha mma n'egwu ball na 2017 Nigeria Women Premier League na Nigeria Pitch Awards . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/mikel-moses-lead-nominations-for-nigeria-pitch-awards-id8361598.html|title=Mikel, Moses lead nominations for fifth edition|date=11 May 2018|accessdate=13 November 2020|archivedate=29 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729013242/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/mikel-moses-lead-nominations-for-nigeria-pitch-awards-id8361598.html}}</ref> Na Disemba 2018, a kọrọ na Ajibade bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na akụkụ Norwegian, Avaldsnes IL, otu egwuregwu na -agba na Toppserien . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/norwegian-outfit-avaldsnes-sign-rasheedat-ajibade-from-fc/jdqxb89jvbdo1t6g3cflkwkq3|title=Norwegian outfit Avaldsnes sign Rasheedat Ajibade from FC Robo Queens|date=26 December 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46694436|title=Rasheedat Ajibade: Nigeria's rising star moves to Norway}}</ref>
=== Ọrụ mba ụwa ===
N'asọmpi ndị mmeri n'Afrịka, ka ha na-aga asọmpi iko mba ụwa FIFA FIFA U-17 nke afọ 2014, Ajibade nwetara ọkpụ goolu abụọ maka mmeri mbụ Naịjirịa meriri Namibia. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://silverbirdtv.com/uncategorized/23922/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-qualifiers-flamingoes-whip-namibias-baby-gladiators/|title=FIFA U-17 Women’s World Cup Qualifiers: Flamingoes Whip Namibia’s Baby Gladiators|accessdate=2020-11-13|archivedate=2018-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035400/http://silverbirdtv.com/uncategorized/23922/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-qualifiers-flamingoes-whip-namibias-baby-gladiators/}}</ref> ka asọmpi malitere, Ajibade nyere goolu mmeri na egwuregwu mbụ Naịjirịa na China . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2014/03/17/under-17-womens-world-cup-nigeria-edge-china/|title=Under 17 Women’s World Cup: Nigeria Edge China}}</ref> N’egwuregwu bọọlụ ikpeazụ ha na Mexico, Ajibade nyere goolu na Naịjirịa, mmeri ọkpụ goolu abụọ iji kwalite ndọrọ ndọrọ ịbụ onye mmeri agba nke anọ ha na ndị Spen<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-nigeria-beat-mexico-3-0-to-take-on-spain-in-quarter-final/|title=FIFA U-17 Women’s World Cup: Nigeria beat Mexico 3 – 0, to take on Spain in quarter-final|accessdate=2020-11-13|archivedate=2021-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113191314/http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-nigeria-beat-mexico-3-0-to-take-on-spain-in-quarter-final/}}</ref>
A kpọrọ Ajibade na Coach Bala Nikiyu 21-man squad maka 2016 FIFA U-17 Women World Cup, ma yiri jeesi nọmba 10. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=20541|title=NFF Announces Kit Numbers : Rasheedat Ajibade 10, Patience Dike 3, Omokwo 9}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=20540|title=Prolific Strikers Rasheedat Ajibade, Aku Headline Nigeria 21-Player World Cup}}</ref> Na asọmpi a, Ajibade bụ kaptin ndị Naịjirịa, wee gwa ''FIFA.com'' na mkpebi nke otu a bụ ime nke ọma karịa agba nke anọ na nke ikpeazụ ha mechara n'afọ 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/flamingoes-captain-ajibade-must-score-vs-korea-advance/#more|title=Flamingoes Captain Ajibade: We Must Score Vs Korea And Advance|accessdate=2020-11-13|archivedate=2018-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033404/https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/flamingoes-captain-ajibade-must-score-vs-korea-advance/#more}}</ref> Ajibade sokwa na ndị egwuregwu Naịjirịa na 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, akpọrọ ya onye nwe-egwu n'otu egwuregwu nke abụọ ha na Canada . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=21095|title=Rasheedat Ajibade Shines As Nigeria Win 3–1 Against Canada}}</ref>
N'egwuregwu agba mbụ emere iji chọpụta onye nnọchi anya Afrịka na 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, Ajibade nwetara ọkpụ goolu abụọ n'asọmpi mbụ ha gbara na Tanzania, nke nyere Naịjirịa ohere ọkpụ goolu atọ tupu agbaa bọọlụ na Dar e Sallam. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brila.net/rasheedat-ajibade-double-falconets-thrashed-tanzania-benin-city/|title=Rasheedat Ajibade at the double as Falconets thrashed Tanzania in Benin-city|date=16 September 2017|accessdate=13 November 2020|archivedate=20 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033241/http://www.brila.net/rasheedat-ajibade-double-falconets-thrashed-tanzania-benin-city/}}</ref> Na nlọghachite ịgbagharị egwuregwu, nke emere na Ọktoba 2017, Ajibade nyere goolu abụọ nke Naịjirịa ji ọkpụ goolu isii merie ndị be ha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/nigeria-demolish-tanzania-6-0-in-world-cup-qualifier.html|title=Nigeria demolish Tanzania 6–0 in World Cup qualifier}}</ref> Na 27 Jenụwarị 2018, Ajibade nyere goolu abụọ na mmeri isii nke Nigeria meriri South Africa, mmeri ahụ gosipụtara ntozu Nigeria maka 2018 FIFA U-20 Women World Cup na France. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/nigeria-proved-no-match-south-155105561.html|title=South Africa proved no match for Nigeria, says Rasheedat Ajibade|accessdate=2020-11-13|archivedate=2019-07-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702230041/https://sports.yahoo.com/nigeria-proved-no-match-south-155105561.html}}</ref>
Na February 2018, Ajibade n'akụkụ Joy Jegede, Osarenoma Igbinovia na ndị egwuregwu iri na asatọ ndị ọzọ họpụtara site n'aka onye isi nchịkwa, Thomas Dennerby ka ọ nọchite anya Nigeria na mbipụta mmalite nke WAFU Cup na Côte d'Ivoire. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/fc-robo-queens-rasheedat-ajibade-tops-nigeria-woman-squad/1cvsa4mga3avk114uonh1oudmh|title=FC Robo Queen's Rasheedat Ajibade tops Nigeria women squad for 2018 Wafu Women's Cup|last=Samuel|first=Ahmadu|date=12 February 2018}}</ref> N'egwuregwu bọọlụ nke abụọ n'asọmpi mpaghara ahụ, Ajibade gbaturu ọkpụ atọ butere Naịjirịa na ọkara-ikpeazụ ya na-agba egwuregwu mbụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/wafu-falcons-thrash-senegal-3-0-to-qualify-for-semi-finals/|title=WAFU: Falcons thrash Senegal 3–0 to qualify for semi-finals|date=17 February 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scorenigeria.com.ng/2018/02/17/rasheedat-ajibade-hat-trick-fires-super-falcons-to-wafu-cup-semis/|title=Rasheedat Ajibade hat-trick fires Super Falcons to WAFU Cup semis|accessdate=2020-11-13|archivedate=2018-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217225816/http://scorenigeria.com.ng/2018/02/17/rasheedat-ajibade-hat-trick-fires-super-falcons-to-wafu-cup-semis/}}</ref>
Ajibade so na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị mba 2018 Afrịcan Nations Championship Nigeria women's national football team ebe o meriri asọmpi a tinyere ndị otu ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/coach-names-final-super-falcons-squad-for-2018-women-afcon/|title=Coach names final Super Falcons squad for 2018 Women AFCON|last=Published|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Mgbali ==
=== Nke onwe ===
* League Bloggers Award - 2017 Nigeria Women Premier League Player of the season <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/okpotu-wins-lbanpfl-player-of-the-season-award-full-list-of-winners/|title=Okpotu Wins LBA/NPFL Player Of The Season Award + Full List Of Winners|date=|publisher=Eagle Online|accessdate=17 February 2018}}</ref>
* Nigeria Pitch Awards - 2017 Nigeria Women Premier League Player of the season <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2018/05/30/mikel-miss-moses-ndidi-others-win-2017-2018-nigeria-pitch-awards-full-list/|title=Mikel miss out as Moses, Ndidi, others win 2017/2018 Nigeria Pitch Awards|accessdate=28 July 2018}}</ref>
* Nwanyị Naịjirịa Premier League nke afọ 2017 - Onye kacha nye goolu ( <small>ya na [[Charity Reuben|Reuben Charity]]</small> ) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.goal.com/e/en-au/news/4016/main/2017/12/14/41022042/top-10-african-most-promising-women-footballers-to-watch-in/rasheedat-ajibade-nigeria/10|title=Top 10: African most promising women footballers to watch in 2018|accessdate=18 February 2018|archivedate=20 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033309/http://m.goal.com/e/en-au/news/4016/main/2017/12/14/41022042/top-10-african-most-promising-women-footballers-to-watch-in/rasheedat-ajibade-nigeria/10}}</ref>
* Nigeria Football Federation - young player of the year 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/02/21/moses-oshoala-win-at-maiden-aiteo-nff-awards/|title=Moses, Oshoala Win at Maiden Aiteo/NFF Awards|accessdate=23 February 2018}}</ref>
* 2018 WAFU women's Cup onye nke kachasị nye <small>goolu</small> <small>(ejikọtara Ines Nrehy na Janet Egyir )</small>
=== Otu ===
* 2014 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup - Nkeji nke ikpeazụ
* WAFU Cup nke ụmụ nwanyị 2018 - nke atọ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/super-falcons-outscore-mali-claim-wafu-womens-cup-bronze/|title=Super Falcons Outscore Mali To Claim WAFU Women’s Cup Bronze|accessdate=2020-11-13|archivedate=2018-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227034305/https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/super-falcons-outscore-mali-claim-wafu-womens-cup-bronze/}}</ref>
== Nrụtụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Noni Salma
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'''Noni Salma''', onye bụbu Habeeb Babtunde Lawal, bụ onye na -eme ihe nkiri, onye edemede, na onye na -eme ihe nkiri. Ọ bịarutere United States America ịga nweta akara ugo mmụta bachelor na sinima na New York Film Academy. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-22|title=Nigerian transgender regrets not changing his sex when he was younger|url=https://www.pulse.ng/gist/salma-noni-nigerian-transgender-regrets-not-changing-his-sex-when-he-was-younger/fn71vmj|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918094621/https://www.pulse.ng/gist/salma-noni-nigerian-transgender-regrets-not-changing-his-sex-when-he-was-younger/fn71vmj}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Noni Salma|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm5562189/bio|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=IMDb}}</ref>
== Ndụ mbido ==
Noni Salma nwetara akara ugo mmụta bachelor ya na nka na Mahadum Lagos, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ nka. O mechara gaa mụọ ịse ihe nkiri na New York Film Academy na New York, ebe ọ nwetara nzere ma duzie ya na nsọpụrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Specials·June 17|first=Pride Month|date=2019-06-17|title=Out, Proud and African: Noni Salma|url=https://therustintimes.com/2019/06/17/out-proud-and-african-noni-salma/|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=The Rustin Times|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918072945/https://therustintimes.com/2019/06/17/out-proud-and-african-noni-salma/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Daniel|first=Jo|date=2016-08-05|title=Noni Salma: ‘I Was Scared Of Living In Nigeria As A Woman In A Mans Body’|url=https://www.informationng.com/2016/08/noni-salma-i-was-scared-of-living-in-nigeria-as-a-woman-in-a-mans-body.html|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=Information Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
Obere mkpirisi ya 'Alibi', nke ọ duziri, meriri 'Mystery Kachasị Mpụ' na Ememme Nkiri Manhattan 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-27|title=Habeeb Lawal's 'Alibi' wins big at Manhattan Film Festival|url=https://www.tvcentertainment.tv/2016/04/27/habeeb-lawals-alibi-wins-big-manhattan-film-festival/|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=PURE ENTERTAINMENT|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918072945/https://www.tvcentertainment.tv/2016/04/27/habeeb-lawals-alibi-wins-big-manhattan-film-festival/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sponsor|date=2018-12-02|title=#NigeriasNewTribe: Davido, Ahmed Musa, Adesua Etomi, Chinwe Egwin, Samson Itodo, others make The Future Awards Africa 2018 nominees list » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/nigeriasnewtribe-davido-ahmed-musa-adesua-etomi-chinwe-egwin-samson-itodo-others-make-the-future-awards-africa-2018-nominees-list/|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=YNaija|language=en-GB}}</ref> E nyere Salma nke mbụ na asọmpi ihe nkiri ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Treasure Coast International Film Festival maka asambodo NYFA PhD ya, 'Morning after Midnight.' Ọ mepụtara ma duzie obere akwụkwọ akụkọ 'Veil Of Silence,' nke a makwaara dị ka 'Ihe mkpuchi nke Silence,' nke malitere na Machị 2014 na BFI Flare London LGBT Film Festival na London, United Kingdom; Veil Of Silence enyochaala na United Nations, Egale Canada, na Ofesi Ofesi German, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Scooper - News: Meet Babatunde, The Nigerian Man Who Had Surgery To Transform Into A Woman [Pictures]|url=https://m.scooper.news/2021/06/30/meet-babatunde-the-nigerian-man-who-had-surgery-to-transform-into-a-woman-pictures/16372021|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=m.scooper.news|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918075721/https://m.scooper.news/2021/06/30/meet-babatunde-the-nigerian-man-who-had-surgery-to-transform-into-a-woman-pictures/16372021}}</ref> Na -esochi nke ahụ, Veil Of Silence nyochara n'ọtụtụ ememme ihe nkiri, gụnyere Queer Screen Film Festival, CineHomo Film Festival, Valladoid, Spain na Eprel 2015, ebe ọ meriri ebe nke abụọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma, yana ịnata nzaghachi dị mma site na ndị na -ege ntị. A họpụtara Noni Salma maka 'The Future Awards Africa Prize for Producer Producer' na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-03|title=Burna Boy, Adesua Etomi, Maraji others make 2018 Future Awards list {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/298755-burna-boy-adesua-etomi-maraji-others-make-2018-future-awards-list.html|accessdate=2021-09-18|language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Ntụaka ==
<references />
[[Òtù:LGBT people from Nigeria]]
[[Òtù:Transgender]]
[[Òtù:LGBTQ]]
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Temmie Ovwasa (amuru na Nọvemba 29, 1996) bụ onye ọbụ abụ Naịjirịa, onye na -ede abụ, na onye na -ese ihe a na -akpọ YBNL Princess.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=YBNL Princess Accuses Olamide Of Limiting Her Growth In The Music Industry|url=https://guardian.ng/life/ybnl-princess-accuses-olamide-of-limiting-her-growth-in-the-music-industry/|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2020-12-07|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217165459/https://guardian.ng/life/ybnl-princess-accuses-olamide-of-limiting-her-growth-in-the-music-industry/}}</ref> Ọ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta na YBNL Nation na Ọgọst 2015,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=How Olamide destroyed my career for 5 years - Temmie Ovwasa - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/12/07/how-olamide-destroyed-my-career-for-5-years-temmie-ovwasa/|work=pmnewsnigeria.com|accessdate=2021-09-23}}</ref> mana ọ hapụrụ akara ahụ na 2020 n'ihi enweghị nkwekọrịta ya na onye nwe akara Olamide.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=YBNL Princess Reveals Why She Refused To Change Name Despite Leaving Olamide’s Label {{!}} 36NG|url=https://www.36ng.ng/2020/12/04/ybnl-princess-reveals-why-she-refused-to-change-name-despite-leaving-olamides-label/|date=2020-12-04|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-US|author=Oladimeji|archivedate=2021-07-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703050039/https://www.36ng.ng/2020/12/04/ybnl-princess-reveals-why-she-refused-to-change-name-despite-leaving-olamides-label/}}</ref> Ovwasa bụ nwanyị na -edina nwanyị<ref>{{Cite web|title=I Found Out That I’m A Lesbian At 5 –Temmie Onwasa|url=https://newnationalstar.com/i-found-out-that-im-a-lesbian-at-5-temmie-onwasa/|work=New National Star|date=2021-02-11|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211155419/https://newnationalstar.com/i-found-out-that-im-a-lesbian-at-5-temmie-onwasa/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=I’m disgusted by heterosexuality - Temmie Ovwasa|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/03/13/im-disgusted-by-heterosexuality-temmie-ovwasa/|work=Daily Post Nigeria|date=2021-03-13|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-US|author=Fikayo Olowolagba}}</ref> n'ihu ọha, ọ ga -ewepụta album nwoke mbụ nwere mmasị nwoke na Nigeria na 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Temmie Ovwasa dropped Nigeria's first-ever openly gay album, and it is amazing!|url=https://therustintimes.com/2020/12/28/temmie-ovwasa-dropped-nigerias-first-ever-openly-gay-album-and-it-is-amazing/|work=The Rustin Times|date=2020-12-28|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607132112/https://therustintimes.com/2020/12/28/temmie-ovwasa-dropped-nigerias-first-ever-openly-gay-album-and-it-is-amazing/}}</ref>
== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Ovwasa na Ilorin na Nọvemba 29, 1996, nye nna Delta steeti na nne steeti Osun.<ref>{{Cite web|title=I’ve written over 300 songs – Temmie Ovwasa, aka YBNL Princess|url=https://punchng.com/ive-written-300-songs-temmie-ovwasa-aka-ybnl-princess/|work=Punch Newspapers|date=2016-07-09|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Temmie Ovwasa YBNL Princess Biography {{!}} Profile {{!}} FabWoman|url=https://fabwoman.ng/temmie-ovwasa-ybnl-princess-biography-profile-fabwoman/|work=FabWoman {{!}} News, Style, Living Content For The Nigerian Woman|date=2020-12-08|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ gara Grace Christian Schools maka ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Dalex Royal College maka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya, ma na Ilorin, Kwara steeti. Ọ gara mahadum teknụzụ Ladoke Akintola wee bụrụ ọkaibe na ngalaba ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web|title=YNBL princess biography: You will LOVE this Super Star!|url=https://www.legit.ng/1111295-ynbl-princess-biography.html|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|date=2017-06-22|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en|author=Nina Kalau}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Temmie Ovwasa Biography: Things You Didn’t Know About|url=https://hintng.com/temmie-ovwasa-ybnl-princess/|work=Hintnaija|date=2018-03-02|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607132113/https://hintng.com/temmie-ovwasa-ybnl-princess/}}</ref>
== Ọrụ egwu ==
Ọ malitere ịgụ egwu mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ, mgbe o dere abụ mbụ ya wee sonye na ukwe ụka ya,<ref name=":2" /> nne ya nyere ya ụbọ akwara mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 12 n'ihi nka egwu ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=YBNL Princess, Temmie Ovwasa Talks How She Got A Record Deal From Olamide, Her Ideal Man & More {{!}} 36NG|url=https://www.36ng.ng/2016/07/11/ybnl-princess-temmie-ovwasa-talks-got-record-deal-olamide-ideal-man/|date=2016-07-11|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-US|author=Emmanuel Lala|archivedate=2021-07-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702200616/https://www.36ng.ng/2016/07/11/ybnl-princess-temmie-ovwasa-talks-got-record-deal-olamide-ideal-man/}}</ref>O bilitere wee bụrụ onye ama ama na 2015 mgbe Olamide kpọtụrụ ya site na Instagram. Edebanyere ya na akara ndekọ YBNL, wee nweta ya moniker "YBNL Princess."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview: Temmie Ovwasa Embraces the Complexity of Queerness In Nigeria|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/temmie-ovwasa-nigeria-queerness-interview/|work=OkayAfrica|date=2021-02-09|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ YBNL mgbe enweghị nkwekọrịta na onye isi akara.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Temmie Ovwasa reconciles with Olamide|url=https://dailypost.ng/2020/12/08/temmie-ovwasa-reconciles-with-olamide/|work=Daily Post Nigeria|date=2020-12-08|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-US|author=Fikayo Olowolagba}}</ref>
== Ihe ngosi ==
=== Ndekọ ===
* ''Ha a swearụwo m iyi'' (2020) <ref>{{Cite web|title=E be like say dem swear for me|url=https://www.deezer.com/en/album/220606232|date=2021-04-05|accessdate=2021-09-23|language=en-GB}}</ref>
=== Ndị na -alụbeghị di ===
* ''Afefe'' (2016)
* ''Jabole'' (2016)
* ''Bamidele'' (2017)
* ''Mmiri dị nsọ'' (2018)
* ''Osunwemimo'' (2020)
* ''Elejo wewe'' (2020)
== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Ememme '''Olojo''' bụ emume ochie a na-eme nw afọ n'Ife, [[Ȯra Osun|Osun State]], [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . Ememme a bụ otu n'ime mmemme ewu ewu n'ala ndị Yoruba, Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi kọwara ya n'otu oge dịka mmemme na-eme agbụrụ ndị isi ojii n'ụwa niile. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2018-11-17|title=Olojo Festival … Grand celebration of rich Yoruba cultural heritage|url=https://guardian.ng/features/olojo-festival-grand-celebration-of-rich-yoruba-cultural-heritage/|accessdate=2021-08-07|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112101223/https://guardian.ng/features/olojo-festival-grand-celebration-of-rich-yoruba-cultural-heritage/}}</ref> Okwu Yoruba 'Olojo' pụtara 'Ụbọchị Ụbọchi Mbụ' nke na-akọwa obi ekele mmadụ nwere n'ebe ihe Chineke kere eke na ịdị adị nke mmadụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-21|title=Ife begins Olojo Festival as Ooni enters 7-day seclusion|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/416252-ife-begins-olojo-festival-as-ooni-enters-7-day-seclusion.html|accessdate=2021-08-07|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-17|title=Olojo Festival … Grand celebration of rich Yoruba cultural heritage|url=https://guardian.ng/features/olojo-festival-grand-celebration-of-rich-yoruba-cultural-heritage/|accessdate=2021-08-07|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112101223/https://guardian.ng/features/olojo-festival-grand-celebration-of-rich-yoruba-cultural-heritage/}}</ref> Ememme Olojo bụ mmemme odinala na freekalenda nke Ile-Ife, [[Ȯra Osun|Osun steeti]] nke dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naijiria. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Olojo festival: Celebrating the dawn of creation in Ile-Ife|url=https://dailytrust.com/olojo-festival-celebrating-the-dawn-of-creation-in-ile-ife|accessdate=2021-08-07|work=Daily Trust|language=en|archivedate=2021-08-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807112211/https://dailytrust.com/olojo-festival-celebrating-the-dawn-of-creation-in-ile-ife}}</ref> Ọ bụ emume ncheta “ Ogun ”, bụ́ chi nke Ígwè, bụ́ onye e kweere na ọ bụ nwa mbụ Oduduwa, bụ́ nna ndị [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Olojo festival: Celebrating the dawn of creation in Ile-Ife|url=https://dailytrust.com/olojo-festival-celebrating-the-dawn-of-creation-in-ile-ife|accessdate=2021-08-07|work=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref> A na-eme mmemme ahụ kwa afọ na October. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-26|title=Osun to build Yoruba museum in Ife, as Ooni emerges from seclusion|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/osun-to-build-yoruba-museum-in-ife-as-ooni-emerges-from-seclusion/|accessdate=2021-08-31|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>
N'ubochi ta, Ooni (Eze Ife) na-aputa mgbe ubochi asa nke wezugara onwe ya na ngọnarị, na-ekwurịta okwu na ndị nna ochie na-ekpere ya ekpere maka ndị ya. Nke a bụ ime ka ọ dị ọcha nke ukeu ma hụ na ekpere ya bara uru. Tupu Ooni apụta, ụmụ nwanyị sitere na nne na nna ya na-ekpochapụ Obí, na-ewepụ Obí nke ihe ọjọọ. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/>
Ooni mechara pụta n’ihu obodo na eze Are (Okpueze), bụ nke a kwenyere na ọ bụ okpueze mbụ Oduduwa ji duru ndị isi ọdịnala na ndị ụkọchukwu na-eme emume na Shrine of Ogun. Oge ọzọ nke emume a bụ iduru igwe mmadụ gaa n’ụlọ arụsị Okemogun. N'ebe a, ọ na-arụ ọrụ tinyere mmeghari iyi, ịgba afa maka Ooni dị n'okpuru ugwu Oketage site Araba (Onyeisi Nchụàjà), yana iletakwa ebe dị mkpa akụkọ ihe mere eme. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ihejirika|first=Uzoma|date=2021-07-09|title=Olojo Festival|url=https://folio.ng/olojo-festival/|accessdate=2021-08-31|work=Folio|language=en-US}}</ref>
N'ụlọ arụsị ha, ndị isi ọmenala na mma agha nke ejiri nzu na osisi cam mara, na-apụta n'uwe emume na egwu egwu sitere na Bembe, ịgbà ọdịnala. Ụdị mkparị na abụ maka onye isi ọ bụla dị iche. Naanị Ooni nwere ike ịgba egwu a na-akpọ Osirigi.
weEmemme Ifa bụ mmemme ụbọchị asaa na-eme kwa afọ na Satọde mbụ n'afo juun. Ifa (a na-akpọkwa Ọrunmila) bụ chi dị n’ọnụ na otu n’ime chi kacha mkpa ndị Yoruba. Ụbọchị mbụ nke mmemme ahụ gụnyere mmemme ndị dị ka Ijawe Ifa Ooni (a na-akpụ akwụkwọ maka ọnụ ọnụ Ooni) na Arisun Idana Afin (ihe na-eri nri n'ụlọ eze), ụbọchị nke abụọ a na-arara Bibo Ifa Ooni (àjà maka Ooni's oracle). Ụbọchị nke atọ na nke anọ ka a na-arara nye Awo Oloju merindinlogun na-eme ememe (òtù nzuzo nwere ihu iri na isii). Okwu ihu ọha na mkparita ụka okirikiri maka 'ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'Ifa' nakwa mmemme nke otu ụkọchukwu aha ya bụ Araba Agbaye na eme n'ụbọchị nke ise. Nnukwu mmetụ nke na-amalite na ubose Satọde ma dịruo n'isi ụtụtụ echi ya, gụnyere iwure (ngọzi/ekpere) nke Araba Agbaye (ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ụwa) na Araba ndị ọzọ, yana nri Ifa na nka nke afọ. . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifa Festival, Ile-Ife Osun State of Nigeria :: Nigeria Information & Guide|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Osun/Ifa-Festival-Ile-Ife-Osun.html|accessdate=2021-07-31|work=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}</ref>
AFjo ka na-ewu ewu n'Ile-Ife n'ihi akụkọ ifo na akụkọ ifo ya. Ọ na-akọwa ụbọchị n'afọ nke Olodumare (onye kere Eluigwe na Ala) gọziri pụrụ iche. Enwere ike ịtụgharị Olojo n'ụzọ nkịtị ka "Onye nwe ụbọchị ahụ". A na-ekpe ekpere maka udo na udo na Yoruba na Nigeria. Ndị ọgbọ niile na-esonye. Ihe ọ malitara bụ ijikọta ndị Yoruba.
Odinala na-ekwu na Ile-Ife bụ ebe obodo ndị Yoruba, obodo ndị lanarịrị, oche ime mmụọ nke ndị Yoruba, na ala ndị mgbe ochie.
==Ụlọ Foto==
<Gallery>
A Symbolic Cutlass.jpg
Olojo Festival.jpg
Ooni of Ife with the Are.jpg
Olojo festival ceremony 2019.jpg
Olojo festival ceremony24.jpg
Oke Mogun in Ile-Ife 03.jpg
Oke Mogun in Ile-Ife 01.jpg
Idi-Aje 01.jpg
Tower of Independence Ile-Ife.jpg
Ooni of Ife's Palace, Olojo Festival.jpg
Ooni of Ife at Olojo 2016.jpg
Olojo festival ceremony15.jpg
Olojo festival ceremony.jpg
Foreigners who visited Olojo Festival.jpg
Olojo festival 2020.jpg 14.jpg
</Gallery>
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
* Olubunmi, AO The Rise and Fall of Yoruba Race 10,000BC-1960AD, The 199 Publishing Palace
* Na Ijesa Racial Purity, The 199 Publishing Palace
* Akinjogbin, IA (Hg.): ''The Cradle of a Race: Ife from the Beginning to 1980'', Lagos 1992 (Akwukwo a nwekwara isi-okwu gbasara onodu okpukpere chi di ugbua n'obodo).
* Bascom, William: ''The Yoruba of Southwestern Nigeria'', New York 1969 (Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwukarị gbasara Ife).
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Mmemme '''Olojo''' bụ emume ochie a na-eme nw afọ n'Ife, [[Ȯra Osun|Osun State]], [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . Mmemme a bụ otu n'ime mmemme ewu ewu n'ala ndị Yoruba, Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi kọwara ya n'otu oge dịka mmemme na-eme agbụrụ ndị isi ojii n'ụwa niile.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2018-11-17|title=Olojo Festival … Grand celebration of rich Yoruba cultural heritage|url=https://guardian.ng/features/olojo-festival-grand-celebration-of-rich-yoruba-cultural-heritage/|accessdate=2021-08-07|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112101223/https://guardian.ng/features/olojo-festival-grand-celebration-of-rich-yoruba-cultural-heritage/}}</ref> Okwu Yoruba 'Olojo' pụtara 'Ụbọchị Ụbọchi Mbụ' nke na-akọwa obi ekele mmadụ nwere n'ebe ihe Chineke kere eke na ịdị adị nke mmadụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-21|title=Ife begins Olojo Festival as Ooni enters 7-day seclusion|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/416252-ife-begins-olojo-festival-as-ooni-enters-7-day-seclusion.html|accessdate=2021-08-07|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-17|title=Olojo Festival … Grand celebration of rich Yoruba cultural heritage|url=https://guardian.ng/features/olojo-festival-grand-celebration-of-rich-yoruba-cultural-heritage/|accessdate=2021-08-07|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112101223/https://guardian.ng/features/olojo-festival-grand-celebration-of-rich-yoruba-cultural-heritage/}}</ref> Ememme Olojo bụ mmemme odinala na freekalenda nke Ile-Ife, [[Ȯra Osun|Osun steeti]] nke dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naijiria. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Olojo festival: Celebrating the dawn of creation in Ile-Ife|url=https://dailytrust.com/olojo-festival-celebrating-the-dawn-of-creation-in-ile-ife|accessdate=2021-08-07|work=Daily Trust|language=en|archivedate=2021-08-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807112211/https://dailytrust.com/olojo-festival-celebrating-the-dawn-of-creation-in-ile-ife}}</ref> Ọ bụ emume ncheta “ Ogun ”, bụ́ chi nke Ígwè, bụ́ onye e kweere na ọ bụ nwa mbụ Oduduwa, bụ́ nna ndị [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Olojo festival: Celebrating the dawn of creation in Ile-Ife|url=https://dailytrust.com/olojo-festival-celebrating-the-dawn-of-creation-in-ile-ife|accessdate=2021-08-07|work=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref> A na-eme mmemme ahụ kwa afọ na October. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-26|title=Osun to build Yoruba museum in Ife, as Ooni emerges from seclusion|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/osun-to-build-yoruba-museum-in-ife-as-ooni-emerges-from-seclusion/|accessdate=2021-08-31|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>
N'ubochi ta, Ooni (Eze Ife) na-aputa mgbe ubochi asa nke wezugara onwe ya na ngọnarị, na-ekwurịta okwu na ndị nna ochie na-ekpere ya ekpere maka ndị ya. Nke a bụ ime ka ọ dị ọcha nke ukeu ma hụ na ekpere ya bara uru. Tupu Ooni apụta, ụmụ nwanyị sitere na nne na nna ya na-ekpochapụ Obí, na-ewepụ Obí nke ihe ọjọọ. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/>
Ooni mechara pụta n’ihu obodo na eze Are (Okpueze), bụ nke a kwenyere na ọ bụ okpueze mbụ Oduduwa ji duru ndị isi ọdịnala na ndị ụkọchukwu na-eme emume na Shrine of Ogun. Oge ọzọ nke emume a bụ iduru igwe mmadụ gaa n’ụlọ arụsị Okemogun. N'ebe a, ọ na-arụ ọrụ tinyere mmeghari iyi, ịgba afa maka Ooni dị n'okpuru ugwu Oketage site Araba (Onyeisi Nchụàjà), yana iletakwa ebe dị mkpa akụkọ ihe mere eme. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ihejirika|first=Uzoma|date=2021-07-09|title=Olojo Festival|url=https://folio.ng/olojo-festival/|accessdate=2021-08-31|work=Folio|language=en-US}}</ref>
N'ụlọ arụsị ha, ndị isi ọmenala na mma agha nke ejiri nzu na osisi cam mara, na-apụta n'uwe emume na egwu egwu sitere na Bembe, ịgbà ọdịnala. Ụdị mkparị na abụ maka onye isi ọ bụla dị iche. Naanị Ooni nwere ike ịgba egwu a na-akpọ Osirigi.
weEmemme Ifa bụ mmemme ụbọchị asaa na-eme kwa afọ na Satọde mbụ n'afo juun. Ifa (a na-akpọkwa Ọrunmila) bụ chi dị n’ọnụ na otu n’ime chi kacha mkpa ndị Yoruba. Ụbọchị mbụ nke mmemme ahụ gụnyere mmemme ndị dị ka Ijawe Ifa Ooni (a na-akpụ akwụkwọ maka ọnụ ọnụ Ooni) na Arisun Idana Afin (ihe na-eri nri n'ụlọ eze), ụbọchị nke abụọ a na-arara Bibo Ifa Ooni (àjà maka Ooni's oracle). Ụbọchị nke atọ na nke anọ ka a na-arara nye Awo Oloju merindinlogun na-eme ememe (òtù nzuzo nwere ihu iri na isii). Okwu ihu ọha na mkparita ụka okirikiri maka 'ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'Ifa' nakwa mmemme nke otu ụkọchukwu aha ya bụ Araba Agbaye na eme n'ụbọchị nke ise. Nnukwu mmetụ nke na-amalite na ubose Satọde ma dịruo n'isi ụtụtụ echi ya, gụnyere iwure (ngọzi/ekpere) nke Araba Agbaye (ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ụwa) na Araba ndị ọzọ, yana nri Ifa na nka nke afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ifa Festival, Ile-Ife Osun State of Nigeria :: Nigeria Information & Guide|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Osun/Ifa-Festival-Ile-Ife-Osun.html|accessdate=2021-07-31|work=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}</ref>
AFjo ka na-ewu ewu n'Ile-Ife n'ihi akụkọ ifo na akụkọ ifo ya. Ọ na-akọwa ụbọchị n'afọ nke Olodumare (onye kere Eluigwe na Ala) gọziri pụrụ iche. Enwere ike ịtụgharị Olojo n'ụzọ nkịtị ka "Onye nwe ụbọchị ahụ". A na-ekpe ekpere maka udo na udo na Yoruba na Nigeria. Ndị ọgbọ niile na-esonye. Ihe ọ malitara bụ ijikọta ndị Yoruba.
Odinala na-ekwu na Ile-Ife bụ ebe obodo ndị Yoruba, obodo ndị lanarịrị, oche ime mmụọ nke ndị Yoruba, na ala ndị mgbe ochie.
==Ụlọ Foto==
<Gallery>
A Symbolic Cutlass.jpg
Olojo Festival.jpg
Ooni of Ife with the Are.jpg
Olojo festival ceremony 2019.jpg
Olojo festival ceremony24.jpg
Oke Mogun in Ile-Ife 03.jpg
Oke Mogun in Ile-Ife 01.jpg
Idi-Aje 01.jpg
Tower of Independence Ile-Ife.jpg
Ooni of Ife's Palace, Olojo Festival.jpg
Ooni of Ife at Olojo 2016.jpg
Olojo festival ceremony15.jpg
Olojo festival ceremony.jpg
Foreigners who visited Olojo Festival.jpg
Olojo festival 2020.jpg 14.jpg
</Gallery>
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
* Olubunmi, AO The Rise and Fall of Yoruba Race 10,000BC-1960AD, The 199 Publishing Palace
* Na Ijesa Racial Purity, The 199 Publishing Palace
* Akinjogbin, IA (Hg.): ''The Cradle of a Race: Ife from the Beginning to 1980'', Lagos 1992 (Akwukwo a nwekwara isi-okwu gbasara onodu okpukpere chi di ugbua n'obodo).
* Bascom, William: ''The Yoruba of Southwestern Nigeria'', New York 1969 (Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwukarị gbasara Ife).
duqfpjg1pxg24u403e24f1hsebe2wek
Stacy Amoateng
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'''Stacy Amoateng''' (Anastasia Manuela Amoateng) bụ onye na-eme ihe ngosi telivishọn / onye na-emepụta ihe, onye ndụmọdụ mgbasa ozi, onye na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka na onye na-eme ihe nkiri si [[Ghana]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stacy-Amoateng-raps-her-husband-s-song-from-A-Z-in-latest-video-621781|title=Stacy Amoateng raps her husband’s song from A-Z in latest video|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-06-10}}</ref> O guzobere òtù ọrụ ebere iji kwado ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nọ ná mkpa ma bụrụ onye a ma ama maka ọrụ ya site na Ghana Peace Award.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://kasapafmonline.com/2017/10/21/ghana-peace-awards-to-honour-stacy-amoateng/|title=Ghana Peace Awards to honour Stacy Amoateng – Kasapa102.5FM|work=kasapafmonline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-06-10|archivedate=2018-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143413/http://kasapafmonline.com/2017/10/21/ghana-peace-awards-to-honour-stacy-amoateng/}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
Amoateng malitere ọrụ telivishọn ya n'afo 2000 n'eme ihe nkiri na usoro telivishọn bu Taxi Driver .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/I-am-blessed-Stacy-Amoateng-on-RTP-win-690938|title=I am blessed – Stacy Amoateng on RTP win|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-01|archivedate=2019-05-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501094337/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/I-am-blessed-Stacy-Amoateng-on-RTP-win-690938}}</ref> N'afọ 2002, ọ kwadoro ihe ngosi mkparita uka nke Talk Ghana na Tv3. Ya na Bola Ray kwadoro Music Music na TV3 Ghana n'afọ 2002 ma gbaa arụkwaghịm n'afọ 2012. Amoateng emeela ihe nkiri dịka I Sing of a Well, Incomplete, Consequences, na Cross my Heart . O mekwara In Touch Africa na In Vogue .
Amoateng bụ onye isi oche nke Platinum Networks, nke na-emepụta usoro telivishọn ọ na-akwado, Restoration . Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Emklan Media, onye njikwa ndinaya na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta multimedia.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/>
Ọ bụ onye guzobere Showbiz Honours, atụmatụ onyinye maka ndị ama ama na-enye ọha mmadụ, añùri na The Restoration With Stacy Foundation, nke na-elekwasị anya n'inye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ike na nchikota a na-akpọ The Luv Project .<ref name=":1"/> Ọrụ Luv na-enye nkwado maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-agabiga ụdị mmetọ dị iche iche. Ọ zụlitere Ghc Puku iri ano maka ịwa ahụ plastik maka nwanyị onye ibe ya wụsara ya acid. Ọ na-akwado ụmụaka nọ ná mkpa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, na-enye ndị nne naanị ha n'azu nwa ebe obibi ma na-enye ụmụ agbọghọ ndụmọdụ banyere otu esi enyere ha aka ime ka nro puta ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanawebonline.com/tag/stacy-amoateng/|title=Stacy Amoateng – The New Ghana Web|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-01}}</ref> Ọ na-eme ihe ndị a site na ịgagharị ụlọ akwụkwọ na inwe nnọkọ ụmụ akwụkwọ.
=== Nghọta ===
* Onyinye Enyemaka Mmadụ 2019- World Philanthropist Forum
* Ihe omume TV nke afọ 2019- African Gospel Awards
* Personality of the year 2018 - RTP Awards
* Nwanyị na-eweta afọ 2018 - RTP Awards
* Ihe omume TV nke afọ (Nweghachi na Stacy) - RTP Awards
* Onye na-eweta TV nke afọ 2018 - Shine Awards
* Ihe omume TV nke afọ 2018 - Shine Awards
* GOLD Award for Media Excellence 2018 - Foklex Media Awards
* Onye mmeri nke ọrụ ebere 2017 - Ghana Peace Awards
* Ihe ngosi mmepe TV nke afọ 2017- RTP Awards
* Ultimate Woman 2016 maka ịdị mma ya na Media na Humanitarian courses.
* Most Entertaining Female Presenter 2016 - RTP Awards
* Most Entertaining Female Presenter 2015 - RTP Awards
* Asọpụrụ Degree na Media Relations 2015 - Achievers university College, Spain
* Most Entertaining Female Presenter 2011 - RTP Awards
* Eze nke Sunyani maka Ọkachasị ya na Mgbasa Ozi.
* Ghana Peace Awards Humanitarian Service Laureate, 2017<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanamma.com/2017/10/31/stacy-amoateng-sweeps-two-big-awards-on-saturday-at-ghana-peace-awardsrtp-awards/|title=Stacy Amoateng sweeps two big awards on Saturday at Ghana Peace Awards, RTP Awards|work=www.ghanamma.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-06-10|archivedate=2018-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140153/https://www.ghanamma.com/2017/10/31/stacy-amoateng-sweeps-two-big-awards-on-saturday-at-ghana-peace-awardsrtp-awards/}}</ref>
* Onye mmeri, TV Development Show Host Of The Year 2016-2017', RTP Awards, 2017<ref name=":2" />
* RTP Personality awards 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2018-RTP-Awards-Stacy-Amoateng-tops-all-full-list-of-winners-690780|title=2018 RTP Awards: Stacy Amoateng tops all + full list of winners|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-01}}</ref>
* RTP Personality Of The Year 2019 2020 .<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Full list of 2020 RTP Award winners|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/full-list-of-2020-rtp-award-winners.html|accessdate=2020-11-26|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref>
* Radio na Television Personalities Awards TV Development Show Host Of The Year 2019–2020.<ref name=":3" />
== Personal life ==
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
ib3k332a090xfgk4hrwx302xynowar3
Roseline Fonkwa
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Roseline Fonkwa- Moundjongui''' a mụrụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, 1975) bụ onye na-emepụta '''ihe''' nkiri [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] na nwanyị ọchụnta ego nwere mmepụta 3R. N'afọ 2017, a matara ya maka ọrụ ya dịka onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri Breach of Trust N'afọ 2015, ọ meriri Cameroon Career Women Awards (2015) na azụmaahịa na Saker Baptist College pride award nke a họpụtara maka ndị bụbu ụmụ akwụkwọ na nkà ha, Fonkwa ka meriri na azụmaọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Must Watch Trailer! Roseline Fonkwa-Moundjongui Tackles Incest & Abuse in New Film "Breach of Trust"|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/04/must-watch-trailer-roseline-fonkwa-moundjongui-tackles-incest-abuse-in-new-film-breach-of-trust/|work=Bellanaija|date=29 April 2017|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="237exclusive">{{Cite web|url=https://237xclusive.com/2017/05/31/u-k-producer-and-owner-of-3r-productions-roseline-fonkwa-moundjongui-tackles-incest-in-the-movie-breach-of-trust/|title=U.K producer and owner of 3R productions Roseline Fonkwa-Moundjongui tackles incest in the movie "Breach of Trust".|author=237exclusive.|date=|work=www.h237xclusive.com|accessdate=27 September 2017|archivedate=28 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928133029/https://237xclusive.com/2017/05/31/u-k-producer-and-owner-of-3r-productions-roseline-fonkwa-moundjongui-tackles-incest-in-the-movie-breach-of-trust/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.missginapromotes.com/2017/05/movie-revolutionary-movie-set-to-change.html|title=Movie: The Revolutionary Movie Set To Change The Face Of Cameroon Movie Industry "Breach Of Trust" Hits Big Screens In London This Summer...|work=www.missginapromotes.com|accessdate=2022-06-17|archivedate=2017-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928005939/http://www.missginapromotes.com/2017/05/movie-revolutionary-movie-set-to-change.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mammypi.com/roseline-fonkwa-cameroonian-movie/|title=Mammypi FashionTV: Cameroon's #1 Fashion & Entertainment Platform|date=11 June 2017|accessdate=17 June 2022|archivedate=28 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628090143/http://mammypi.com/roseline-fonkwa-cameroonian-movie/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ikennaobi.com/breach-of-trust/|title=Princess Brun Njua in Breach of Trust » My Blog / Website|work=www.ikennaobi.com|accessdate=2022-06-17|archivedate=2017-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928055847/http://www.ikennaobi.com/breach-of-trust/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ghanamma.com/2017/05/18/breach-of-trust-to-be-premiered-in-uk/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2022-06-17 |archivedate=2024-02-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225232809/https://www.ghanamma.com/2017/05/18/breach-of-trust-to-be-premiered-in-uk/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.camerooncareerwomenawards.org/|title=Cameroon Career Women Awards|work=Cameroon Career Women Awards|accessdate=2022-06-17|archivedate=2018-08-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831174232/https://www.camerooncareerwomenawards.org/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sakerpride.com/REFLECTIONS.html|title=REFLECTIONS|work=www.sakerpride.com}}</ref>
== Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ ==
Mmebi nke ntụkwasị obi (2017) N'akụkụ Epule Jeffrey
== 2017 ==
* Breach of Trust nke gosipụtara Epule Jeffrey
== Onyinye na nsọpụrụ ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
!Afọ
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Onye Nwetara ya
!Nsonaazụ
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
| rowspan="2" |Cameroon Career Women Awards
|Azụmaahịa
| rowspan="2" |Ya onwe ya
| {{Won}}
|-
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2016
|Ihe nrite mpako nke Saker Baptist College
|Azụmaahịa
| rowspan="8" |Ya onwe ya
| {{Won}}
|-
|}
== Hụkwa ==
* Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Cameroon
* Ihe nkiri nke Cameroon
== Edemsibịa ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* Roseline Fonkwa on Facebook
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
24unpegshg8hndtwhl0igyrdw9sy7q2
Ruth Tunstall Grant
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'''Ruth Tunstall Grant''' (1945-2017) bụ ónyé Africa America na-ese ihe, ónyé nkụzi na ónyé na-eme ihe ike na San Francisco Bay Area nke a maara màkà ihe osise ya, ọrụ ọbọdọ, na nkwado nka. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ndị a kpọrọ òkù yana ihe ngosi onwe ónyé na mba na mba ụwa dị ka Dallas Museum of Fine Art, Dallas, Texas; Rath Museum, Geneva, Switzerland; Triton Museum of Art, Santa Clara, California; San Jose Museum of Art.<ref name=":4" /> O lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ obodo na nkwado maka ikike ụmụaka na ikpe ziri ezi na Santa Clara County na karịa. O guzobere ọtụtụ mmemme nka na-aga n'ihu ma kpalie ndị na-emepụta ihe, dị ka Marita Dingus.
== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Ruth Tunstall Grant na Dr. Lucille Hawkins Tunstall na E. H. Tunstall n'afọ 1945 na Boulder, Colorado. Nné ya bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ojii mbụ na-eduzi virology na CDC. Nná ya bụ ónyé Tuskegee Airman. Otu n'ime ihe ndị Grant na-echeta na mbụ gụnyere nleta na Detroit Institute of Art. "Nné ya, ónyé agụmakwụkwọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike, na-arụkarị ọrụ na ngwụsị izu ma hapụ Tunstall Grant na nwanne ya nwanyị na Detroit Institute of Art n'ụzọ ọ na-aga ọrụ. Ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ na-agagharị n'ime nchịkọta ruo ọtụtụ awa, nke ndị na-eche ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na-elekọta bụ ndị matara ha site na nleta ha na-abịa na ngwụsị izu. Ahụmahụ ihe ngosi nka ndị a mere ka Tunstall Grant na-achụso nka na kọleji.<ref name="978-0-9983084-2-5_p12-14">{{Cite book|author=Rindfleisch|first=Jan|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1142646785|title=Creative power : the art and activism of Ruth Tunstall Grant|date=2019|publisher=Ginger Press|others=Barbara Goldstein, Lizzetta LeFalle-Collins|isbn=978-0-9983084-2-5|location=Santa Clara, CA|pages=12–14|oclc=1142646785}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
Ọhụụ na ụdị nka Tunstall Grantz malitere site na ọchịchọ ịmata ihe na nyocha nke ọdịnaya nke oge a na mgbasa ozi ọhụrụ. Ónyé na-ahụ maka ihe n'onwe ya na onye edemede Lizzetta LeFalle-Collins achọpụtala mmepe nke ónyé na-ese ihe site na eserese acrylic, watercolor, collage na nka ọha. N'ịtụle ihe osise Tunstall Grant, LeFalle-Collins kwuru na ihe osise cosmic na ihe osisa naturescapes na-egosi ya na ụlọ ọrụ nwanyị gosipụtara oge.<ref name="978-0-9983084-2-5_p12-14"/>
Ihe ngosi mbụ gụnyere ''ihe'' ngosi na katalọgụ, Eight Afro-American Artists, 1971, Musée Rath, Geneva, Switzerland na Four Moderns, 1972, Brooklyn Museum, New York, nyochara na New York Times. N'afọ 1976, ónyé nlekọta New York Henri Ghent nyochara ya.<ref>Ghent, Henri. “Art by Black Americans,” ARTWEEK, October 2, 1976, Vol. 7, No.33, p 10.</ref>
=== Ihe ngosi onwe onye gụnyere ===
* Haggerty Gallery, Mahadum Dallas, Irving, Texas, 1970<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Rindfleisch|first=Jan|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1142646785|title=Creative power : the art and activism of Ruth Tunstall Grant|date=2019|others=Barbara Goldstein, Lizzetta LeFalle-Collins|isbn=978-0-9983084-2-5|location=Santa Clara, CA|oclc=1142646785}}</ref>
* Davis Art Center, Davis, California,1972<ref name=":2" />
* UC Davis Memorial Art Gallery, Davis, California,1972<ref name=":2" />
* Clark College, Atlanta, 1976<ref name=":2" />
* Ruth Tunstall Grant: Ọrụ na Akwụkwọ, San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, California, 1981<ref name=":2" />
* Seipp Gallery, Castelleja School, Palo Alto, California, 1983<ref name=":2" />
* Allegra Gallery, [[Sam Joseph Ntiro|San Jose]], [[California]], 1985<ref name=":2" />
* Allegra Gallery, San Jose, California, 1986<ref name=":2" />
* Ruth Tunstall Grant: Ndị na-agba egwu nrọ, San Jose City College, San Jose, California, 1999<ref name=":2" />
* A Journey, Los Gatos Museum of Art and Natural History, Los Gato, California, 1999<ref name=":2" />
* ''Ruth Tunstall Grant'': Repeated Redirections, Triton Museum of Art, Santa Clara, California, 2000<ref name=":2" />
* Cross Roads, Joyce Gordon Gallery, Oakland, California, 2010<ref name=":5" />
* Ruth Tunstall Grant, Bay Area Collections, San Jose City College Art Gallery, 2018<ref name=":2" />
* ''Ruth Tunstall Grant'', Triton Museum of Art, Santa Clara, California, 2019<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title='Tunstall-Grant Retrospective' at Triton Museum of Art {{!}} Metroactive|url=http://activate.metroactive.com/2019/05/tunstall-grant-retrospective-at-triton-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2021-03-10|work=activate.metroactive.com}}</ref><ref name=":7">Ruth Tunstall Grant - Triton Museum of Art, www.tritonmuseum.org/exhibitions_grant.php</ref>
== Nchịkọta na ihe ndekọ ==
Ihe osise ya dị na nchịkọta nke de Saisset Museum, Mahadum Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; San Jose Museum of Art; Triton Museum, Santa Clara (California); Mahadum Dallas; na African American Museum of Dallas.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Collections|date=1986|title=Collections|url=https://sjmusart.org/embark/objects-1/info?query=mfs%20any%20%22Ruth%20Tunstall%20grant%22&page=11|accessdate=2021-03-18|work=San Jose Museum of Art|language=en|archivedate=2022-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624031519/https://sjmusart.org/embark/objects-1/info?query=mfs%20any%20%22Ruth%20Tunstall%20grant%22&page=11}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Artist|title=Ruth Tunstall Grant|url=https://sjmusart.org/embark/artist-maker/info/286|accessdate=2021-03-18|work=San Jose Museum of Art|archivedate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227021151/https://sjmusart.org/embark/artist-maker/info/286}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFArtist">Artist. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230227021151/https://sjmusart.org/embark/artist-maker/info/286 "Ruth Tunstall Grant"]. ''San Jose Museum of Art''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Àtụ:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: url-status ([[Ụdị: CS1 nọgidere: url-ọnọdụ|link]])</span>
[[Category:CS1 maint: url-status]]</ref>
Ebe ngosi nka na ọbá akwụkwọ African American na Oakland (AAMLO) nwere akwụkwọ Tunstall Grant na ihe ndekọ elektrọnik.
== Onyinye na mmata ==
Ọrụ natara ''onyinye'' Santa Clara County nke 1987 nke nwanyị nke Achievement Award na nka.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4"/>
E nyere ya Alain Locke Award for Excellence in the Arts na 1999 site na Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|author=Rindfleisch|first=Jan|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/988950620|title=Roots & offshoots : Silicon Valley's arts community|date=2017|others=Maribel L. Alvarez, Raj Jayadev, Nancy Hom, Ann Sherman|isbn=978-0-9983084-0-1|location=Santa Clara, CA|oclc=988950620}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Rindfleisch, Jan (2017). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/988950620 ''Roots & offshoots : Silicon Valley's arts community'']. Maribel L. Alvarez, Raj Jayadev, Nancy Hom, Ann Sherman. Santa Clara, CA. [[ISBN (onye njirimara)|ISBN]] [[Ihe pụrụ iche:BookSources/978-0-9983084-0-1|<bdi>978-0-9983084-0-1</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (ihe njirimara)|OCLC]] [//www.worldcat.org/oclc/988950620 988950620].</cite></ref><ref name=":4"/>
The Children's Shelter of Santa Clara County, mmemme nke nyere ntụziaka nka dị mma maka ụmụaka a na-emegbu na ndị a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ nke Tunstall Grant bụ onye guzobere na onye nduzi ya, natara EA Taller Award maka mmemme agụmakwụkwọ nka.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Chukes – Joyce's Blog|url=https://joycegordongallery.wordpress.com/tag/chukes/|accessdate=2021-03-10|work=Joyce's Blog|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://joycegordongallery.wordpress.com/tag/chukes/ "Chukes – Joyce's Blog"]. ''Joyce's Blog''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-10</span></span>.</cite></ref>
Ihe osise ya apụtala na mbipụta ndị a: Art International Magazine, The Bay City Times, The New York Times, The Sacramento Bee, New York Amsterdam News, The San Jose Mercury News, Metro, na Afro-American Artist.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=The Japantown Mural Project|url=http://legacy.rasteroids.com/japantown-mural-project/|accessdate=2021-03-10|work=legacy.rasteroids.com}}</ref>
A gụnyere Tunstall Grant na Who es Who n'etiti ndị isi ojii America, 197778, 1980-81, 81-82, 83-84, 8586.<ref name=":0">Resume, Gallery 30, San Mateo, California, 1982</ref>
== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mgbọrọgwụ na Offshoots: Silicon Valley es Arts Community. Santa Clara, CA: Ginger Press.
* Rindfleisch, Jan na Goldstein, Barbara (2019). Ike okike: Nkà na Ọrụ nke Ruth Tunstall Grant. Santa Clara, CA: Ginger Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9780998308425|9780998308425]].
== Edensibia ==
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[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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'''Torrick Ablack''', nke a makwaara dị ka Toxic (amụrụ n'ubochí irí na isii n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, 1965) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe bụ akụkụ nke Graffiti movement nke mmalite afọ 1980 na New York City. Ọ gbanwere site na nka n'okporo ámá gaa n'igosi ihe osise ya na gallery na ebe ngosi ihe mgbè ochie na mba ụwa.
== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Ablack na Bronx, New York n'ubochí irí na isii n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, 1965.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|author=Niso|first=Carolina|date=January 30, 2016|title=Asi llego Toxic a galerias de arte y museos|page=21|work=El Tiempo}}</ref> Nné ya bụ onye Puerto Rican na ezinụlọ nna ya si Trinidad.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Lark|first=Jasmine|date=September 11, 2013|title=Toxic / Torrick Ablack|url=https://www.widewalls.ch/artists/toxic|accessdate=2021-01-03|work=Widewalls|language=en}}</ref> N'oge ọ bụ nwata, e nyèrè ya aha njirimara Toxic Battery, nke ghọrọ akara edemede ya.<ref name=":2" /> Ọ malitere ise ihe osise mgbè ọ dị afọ irí na atọ na A-One na Kool Koor. Ha sonyeere ndị ọrụ Rammellzee na-ede ihe na Tag Master Killers, nke nwekwara Delta2.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 25, 2018|title=Rammellzee: Graffiti Writer, Artist and Deity "Racing For Thunder"|url=https://www.brooklynstreetart.com/2018/07/25/rammellzee-graffiti-writer-artist-and-deity-racing-for-thunder/|accessdate=2021-01-04|work=Brooklyn Street Art|language=en-US}}</ref> Ónyé otu ọ bụla mepụtara ụdị nke ha maka ịhazi akwụkwọ ozi dabere na echiche Rammellzee nke Gothic Futurism, nke na-akọwa graffiti dị ka iji akwụkwọ ozi mee ihe n'ọgụ iji weghachite asụsụ site na "omenala na-adịghị mma" nke nchịkwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Dive into "Writing the Future"|url=https://www.mfa.org/exhibition/writing-the-future/dive-into-writing-the-future|accessdate=2021-01-05|work=Museum of Fine Arts, Boston|language=en}}</ref> Na mbido afọ 1980, ha so na ndị na-ese ihe na-eweta nka na egwu mbụ site na Bronx na Queens gaa n'ebe nka dị n'etiti ọbọdọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=February 8, 2013|title=Last of the Hollywood Africans: Toxic, Rammellzee and Jean-Michel Basquiat|url=http://verynearlyalmost.com/dev/2013/02/last-of-the-hollywood-africans-toxic-rammellzee-and-jean-michel-basquiat/|accessdate=2021-01-03|work=Very Nearly Almost|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127063142/http://verynearlyalmost.com/dev/2013/02/last-of-the-hollywood-africans-toxic-rammellzee-and-jean-michel-basquiat/}}</ref> N'afọ 1982, Toxic, A-One, na Kool Koor sonyere na ihe ngosi otu Camouflaged ''Panzerism'' na Fashion Moda na South Bronx.<ref name=":2" />
Toxic zutere onye na-ese ihe [[Jean-Michel Basquiat]] n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbè ngosi Basquiat na Annina Nosei Gallery na 1982.<ref name=":1"/> Basquiat ghọrọ ónyé nduzi ya ma wéré ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyere ya aka n'oge ụfọdụ.<ref name=":3"/> Na ngwụcha afọ 1982, Toxic na Rammellzee sonyeere Basquiat na Los Angeles ka ọ na-akwadebe màkà ihe ngosi ya na Gagosian Gallery.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hoffman|first=Fred|date=March 13, 2005|title=Basquiat's L.A.|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-mar-13-ca-basquiat13-story.html}}</ref> Mgbe ha nọ na Los Angeles, ebe ha nwere mmasị n'otú ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkírí si egosipụta [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Africa America]], ọkachasị n'oge Golden Age nke Hollywood.<ref name=":0"/> Na nzaghachi, ha kpọrọ onwé ha ndị Hollywood Africans dị ka nkwupụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji gbochie ngosipụta nke ndị Africa America na Hollywood. A na-egosipụta mmadụ atọ ahụ na ihe osise Basquiat Hollywood Africans n'ihu Chinese Theater with Footprints of Movie Stars (1983) na Hollywood Africins (1983).<ref>{{Cite book|author=Saggese|first=Jordana Moore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o1UlDQAAQBAJ&q=toxic|title=Reading Basquiat: Exploring Ambivalence in American Art|publisher=Univ of California Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-520-27624-6|pages=23–24|language=en}}</ref>
Toxic nọgidere na-agbaso usoro ịpị ihe odide ma rụọ ọrụ na ákwà ndị a na-etinye na mgbidi. Ọrụ ya ghọrọ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe karịa mkpado ndị o dere na ụgbọ ala n'okpuru ala. N'afọ 1984, Toxic sonyere na ihe ngosi otu Arte di Frontiera: New York Graffiti na Ịtali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archivio Ferrari > Ricerca: arte di frontiera|url=https://www.genusbononiaearchiviofotografico.it/search/it/1/0x7B22736561726368626172223A22617274652064692066726F6E7469657261222C226C6963656E7365223A22312C32227D|accessdate=2021-08-18|work=www.genusbononiaearchiviofotografico.it|archivedate=2021-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504125402/https://www.genusbononiaearchiviofotografico.it/search/it/1/0x7B22736561726368626172223A22617274652064692066726F6E7469657261222C226C6963656E7365223A22312C32227D}}</ref> Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ihe ngosi Rapid ''Enamel'' na Mahadum [[Chicago]] na 2014, nké bụ ihe ngosi mbụ nke graffiti na ụlọ ọrụ America.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rapid Enamel: The Art of Graffiti {{!}} Exhibitions|url=http://www.renaissancesociety.org/exhibitions/332/rapid-enamel-the-art-of-graffiti/|accessdate=2021-01-03|work=The Renaissance Society|language=en}}</ref> Ihe osise ya apụtala na nchịkọta nkè nnukwu ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, gụnyere Brooklyn Museum, Groninger Museum na Museum of the City of New York.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ransom Note: CEE|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/160156|accessdate=2021-01-03|work=Brooklyn Museum}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, e gosipụtara ya na ihe ngosi Last of the Hollywood Africans: Toxic, Rammellzee na Jean-Michel Basquiat na [[London]]<nowiki/>ewcastle Project Space na London.<ref name=":0"/> N'afọ 2015, e gosipụtara ya na ihe ngosi otu Le Pressionnisme na Pinacothèque de Paris . N'afọ ahụ, o sonyere na ngosi Graffiti, New York zutere Dam na Amsterdam Museum.<ref name=":2"/> N'afọ 2020, e tinyere ihe osise ya, Ransom Note: CEE (1984), na ''ihe'' ngosi Writing the Future: Basquiat and the Hip-Hop Generation na Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Saenger|first=Peter|date=October 19, 2020|title=Art From the Streets of New York|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/art-from-the-streets-of-new-york-11602266267|accessdate=2021-01-03}}</ref>
Toxic mepụtara akwụkwọ mgbidi, ákwà linin e bìrì ebi, na panel mgbidi na mmekorita ya na ụlọ akwa French Pierre Frey.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sherman|first=Rebecca|date=December 10, 2015|title=A Toxic Win: Graffiti Artist and a Storied French House Unexpectedly Team Up|url=https://www.papercitymag.com/arts/toxic-win-graffiti-artist-storied-french-house-unexpectedly-team/|accessdate=2021-01-04|work=PaperCity Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Martin|first=Hannah|date=December 31, 2014|title=Pierre Frey's Favorite Street Artists|url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/pierre-frey-toxic-street-art-fabric-article|accessdate=2021-01-04|work=Architectural Digest|language=en-us}}</ref>
Ọ bi na France, mana ọ na-etinye ógè ya n'etiti Paris, Florence, na [[New York City|New York]].<ref name=":2"/>
== Edensibia ==
<references />
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Rammellzee''' (nke a na-akpọ RAMM:ΣLL:ZΣ, nke a na-asụ "Ram: Ell: Zee"; ubochí irí na isé n'ọnwa Disemba, 1960 rụọ úbọchị iri abụo na asatọ n'ọnwa Juun, 2010) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na'ese ihe, ihe osise, onye na ónyé na-eti egwu hip hop si New York City, ónyé a kpọtụrụ aha dị ka "ihe eji eme ihe n'ịbata ihe ndị avant-garde n'ime omenala hip-hop".<ref name="NYTimes-Obit-2010"/><ref name="TheGuardian-Obit-2010">{{Cite news|author=Campion|first=Chris|title=RIP Rammellzee – a true hip-hop visionary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/jul/04/rammellzee-hip-hop-rap-death|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=4 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Rammellzee|title=Iconic Treatise of Gothic Futurism|url=http://post.thing.net/node/3086}}</ref> Kemgbe 2021, ọrụ Rammellzee bụ naanị Jeffrey Deitch na-anọchite anya ya.
== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Rammellzee na úbọchị irí nà isé n'ọnwa Disemba, 1960 na Far Rockaway, Queens n'aka nné Africa-America na nnà Italian nke rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé nchọpụta njem.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Tompkins|first=Dave|date=2011|title=How To Wreck A Nice Beach: The Vocoder From World War II to Hip-Hop: the Machine Speaks|location=Brooklyn, NY|publisher=Stop Smiling Media/ Melville House Publishing|isbn=978-1-61219-093-8}}</ref> Ọ tolitere na Carlton Manor Projects dị nso na Far RockawayáMott Avenue A ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè.<ref name="ImposeMag-Obit-2010">{{Cite news|author=Luckman|first=Will|title=R.I.P. RAMMΣLLZΣΣ|url=http://www.imposemagazine.com/bytes/news/rip-rammllz|work=Impose Magazine|date=1 July 2010}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-1980s-cult-artist-rammellzee-mesmerized-basquiat-beastie-boys|title=How 1980s Cult Artist Rammellzee Mesmerized Everyone from Basquiat to the Beastie Boys|author=Gotthardt|first=Alexxa|date=2018-04-26|work=Artsy|accessdate=2018-04-28|language=en}}</ref> Ọrụ ya malitere igosi na 1970s na ụgbọ ala na ọdụ ụgbọ oloko nkè New York City, ọkachasị na ụgbọ oloko A ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ ụgbọ oloko ya.<ref name=":0" />
Rammellzee gụrụ ọgwụ ezé na Clara Barton High School for Health Professions, ọ bụ ihe nlereanya màkà Wilhelmina (n'okpuru aha ''Mcrammellzee''), ma mụọ obéré ógè màkà imepụta ọla na Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT).<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/05/28/the-spectacular-personal-mythology-of-rammellzee/|title=The Spectacular Personal Mythology of Rammellzee|author=Hsu|first=Hua|date=2018-05-28|work=The New Yorker|accessdate=2018-05-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Wieners|first=Brad|date=August 3, 2018|title=How Cult Artist Rammellzee Changed the Game by Demolishing Traditions|url=https://www.redbull.com/us-en/theredbulletin/new-rammellzee-exhibit-new-york|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-04|work=Red Bull|language=en}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
N'ịbụ onye ndị na-ege ntị ka ukwuu chọpụtara site na ihe nkiri ofufe nke 1982 Wild Style nke Charlie Ahearn, e guzobere aha mbụ Rammellzee na gburugburu graffiti mgbe ọ na-ese ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụgbọ okporo ígwè New York na DONDI, OU3, na Ink 76, na dọkịta Revolt n'okpuru aha ya Hyte, Hytestyr, EG (Evolution Griller the Master Killer), Sharissk Boo, Razz, na Maestro na A, CC, 2 na 5 ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè.<ref name="NYTimes-Obit-2010"/> Rammellzee bụ onye otu Death Comet Crew, ya na Stuart Argabright, Michael Diekmann na Shinichi Shimokawa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Zwickel|first=Jonathan|title=Death Comet Crew: This Is Riphop|url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/2569-this-is-riphop/|accessdate=April 15, 2011|publisher=[[Pitchfork Media]]|date=August 9, 2004}}</ref> O guzobekwara ''ndị'' otu Tag Master Killers, nke nwere A-One, Delta2, Kool Koor na Toxic.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=July 25, 2018|title=Rammellzee: Graffiti Writer, Artist and Deity "Racing For Thunder"|url=https://www.brooklynstreetart.com/2018/07/25/rammellzee-graffiti-writer-artist-and-deity-racing-for-thunder/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-01-04|work=Brooklyn Street Art|language=en-US}}</ref>
Rammellzee ghọrọ enyi na onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye na'ese ihe Jean-Michel Basquiat. N'afọ 1982, Rammellzee na Toxic sonyeere Basquiat na Los Angeles ka ọ na-akwadebe maka ihe ngosi ya na Gagosian Gallery.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hoffman|first=Fred|date=March 13, 2005|title=Basquiat's L.A.|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-mar-13-ca-basquiat13-story.html|accessdate=}}</ref> Ha kpọrọ onwe ha ndị Hollywood Africans dị ka nkwupụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji gbochie ngosipụta nke [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Africa America]] na Hollywood.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=February 8, 2013|title=Last of the Hollywood Africans: Toxic, Rammellzee and Jean-Michel Basquiat|url=http://verynearlyalmost.com/dev/2013/02/last-of-the-hollywood-africans-toxic-rammellzee-and-jean-michel-basquiat/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127063142/http://verynearlyalmost.com/dev/2013/02/last-of-the-hollywood-africans-toxic-rammellzee-and-jean-michel-basquiat/|archivedate=2021-01-27|accessdate=2021-01-04|work=Very Nearly Almost|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-egosipụta mmadụ atọ ahụ na ihe osise Basquiat Hollywood Africans n'ihu Chinese Theater with Footprints of Movie Stars (1983) na Hollywood Africins (1983).<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 26, 2017|title=Hollywood Africans: African Americans and the Entertainment Industry in Basquiat's Work|url=https://blog.singulart.com/en/2019/07/26/hollywood-africans-african-americans-and-the-entertainment-industry/|accessdate=2020-09-27|work=Singulart Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Rammellzee lụrụ Carmela Zagari Rammellzé.<ref name="NYTimes-Obit-2010">{{Cite news|author=Kennedy|first=Randy|title=Rammellzee, Hip-Hop and Graffiti Pioneer, Dies at 49|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/02/arts/02rammellzee.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2 July 2010}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ na New York City na June 28, 2010, mgbe ọ dị afọ 49, ebe ọ na-ata ahụhụ site na ikpughe na mgba, anwụrụ ọkụ, resin na nsí ndị ọzọ site na ọrụ ya na nsogbu imeju. E depụtara ihe kpatara ọnwụ ya dị ka ọrịa obi.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Tate|first=Greg|title=Rammellzee: The Ikonoklast Samurai|url=http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/4501|accessdate=February 9, 2011|work=The Wire|date=April 2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Weiss|first=Jeff|title=R.I.P. Rammellzee: The original abstract-rapping outlaw|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2010/07/rip-rammellzee-19602010.html|accessdate=July 3, 2010|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 1, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/arts/design/rammellzees-work-and-reputation-re-emerge.html|title=Art Excavated From Battle Station Earth|author=Kennedy|first=Randy|date=2012-02-23|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2018-05-26|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Aha ===
Ọ gbanwere aha ya n'ụzọ iwu ka ọ bụrụ Rammellzee na 1979 na ndị enyi maara aha ọmụmụ ya achọghị ikpughe ya, dịka ọchịchọ ya si dị.<ref name="NYTimes-Obit-2010"/><ref name="VillageVoice-Obit-2010">{{Cite news|author=Nosnitsky|first=Andrew|title=Remembering Hip-Hop Legend Rammellzee: "You Hit The Bank, You Rob The Money, And You Leave"|url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/music/archives/2010/06/_the_mighty_ram.php|work=[[The Village Voice]]|date=30 June 2010}}</ref> Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-eji aha mkpirikpi nke "Ramm" eme ihe.<ref name=":0"/> O kwuru na aha ya sitere na ''RAM'' gbakwunyere M maka Magnitude, ''Sigma'' (Σ) onye na-agbakọta ọnụ mbụ, nke mbụ bụ L ♡ ogo''l''ogo, nke abụọ bụ L ♡ ''latitude'', ''Z'' ♡ ''z-bar'', Σ, ''Σ'' ♡ ''nchịkọta''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://post.thing.net/node/3086|title=Excerpts from Rammellzee's ICONIC TREATISE GOTHIC FUTURISM {{pipe}} post.thing.net|work=Post.thing.net|accessdate=25 June 2021}}</ref> O kwenyere na Jamel-Z, onye nduzi sitere na Nation of Gods and Earths ọ zutere na 1977, na mkpali maka aha ya.
== Ihe ngosi ==
* 2021 - Ide ọdịnihu: Basquiat na Hip-Hop Generation - Museum of Fine Arts, Boston - Group
* 2018 - RAMMΣLLZΣ: A Roll of Dice - Lazinc Gallery - [[London]] - England - Solo
* 2018 - Rammellzee - Ịgba ọsọ maka Thunder - Red Bull Arts - New-York - United States - Solo
* 2018 - Ebe ngosi nka n'okporo ámá na Graffiti - L'Aérosol - Maquis-art Hall of Fame - Paris - Group
* 2016 - La Velocità delle immagini (Nchịkọta Speerstra) - Institut Suisse nke Rome - Italy
* 2016 - Graffiti Art - Tableau de légende (Collection Gallizia) - Institut culturel Bernard Magrez - Bordeaux - [[France]] - Group
* 2016 - Pressionnism, graffiti masterpieces on canvas (Collection Gallizia) - Fort Canning Museum - Singapore - France - Group
* 2015 - Pressionnisme, site na Bando ruo Basquiat (Collection Gallizia) - Pinacothèque de Paris - France - Group
* 2014 - Obodo dị ka Canvas: Graffiti Art (Nchịkọta Martin Wong) - Museum of the City of New York - NY - United States - Group
* 2013 - The Shadows Took Shape - The Studio Museum in Harlem - New York City -NY - United States - Group
* 2013 - Urban Art Biennale 2013 - Urban Arts Biennale - Völklingen - Germany - Group
* 2013 - Graffiti, Thanks a Lot - Fun Gallery (Curateur Patti Astor) - New-York - United States - Group
* 2013 - Tekens aan de Wand: Ferenc Gögös/Graffiti Art - Museum Tongerlohuys - Roosendaal - [[Netherlands]] - Group
* 2013 - White Petals Surround Your Yellow Heart - Institute of Contemporary Art - Mahadum [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] - Philadelphia - United States - Ìgwè
* 2013 - Nke ikpeazụ n'ime ndị Afrịka Hollywood: Toxic - Londonewcastle Project Space - London - England - Group
* 2013 - Abstract Mash-Up II: Ihe ngosi otu - Crown Point Press Gallery - San Francisco - United States - Otu
* 2012 - Nnukwu ọnụnọ: Black Performance In Contemporary Art - Contemporary Arts Museum Houston - Houston - United States - Group
* 2012 - Chineke Zọpụta Eze Nwanyị: Punk na Netherlands 1977-1984 - Centraal Museum - Utrecht - Netherlands - Otu
* 2012 - Brucennial 2012 - Harder. Onye aghụghọ. Fasterer - United States - Ìgwè
* 2012 - Strongerer - Brucennial - New York City - United States - Group
* 2012 - Letter Racers - The Museum of Modern Art - NY - United States - Solo
* 2012 - Letter Racers - The Suzanne Geiss Company - NY - United States - Solo
* 2012 - The Rammellzee Galaxseum - Children's Museum of Art - New York - United States - Solo
* 2011 - Perfect Man II - White Columns - New York City - NY - United States - Group
* 2011 - Graffiti - New York 80's - Galerie Jérôme de Noirmont - Paris - France - Group
* 2012 - Speerstra Foundation (Nchịkọta Speerstra) - Apụl - Switzerland - Ìgwè
* 2012 - Art in the Streets - The Geffen Contemporary na MOCA - Los Angeles - CA - Group - solo
* 2011 - L'Art du Graffiti : 40 ans de Pressionnisme (Curateur A.D. Gallizia) - Grimaldi Forum - [[Monako|Monaco]] - France - Group & solo
* 2011 - Ahụmahụ Aerosol - Zieglerzwei - Zurich - Switzerland - Otu
* 2011 - Nchịkọta Rudolf na Ute Scharpff - Kunstmuseum Stuttgart - Germany - Solo
* 2010 - Street na Studio - Von Basquiat bis Séripop - Kunsthalle Wien (Museumsquartier) - Vienna - [[Austria]] - Otu
* 2010 - Ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na-emeghe (Collections Gallizia-Emerige) - Bâche Wagram - Paris - France - Group
* 2010 - Printin - The Museum of Modern Art - NY - United States - Group
* 2010 - Rammellzee: The Equation - Suzanne Geiss's Gallery - New York - United States - Solo
* 2009 - Gothic Futurism - Galerie Renée Ziegler - Zurich - Switzerland - Solo
* 2009 - Subcultural Capital - Anonymous Gallery - New York City - NY - United States - Group
* 2009 Ndị New York - V1 Gallery - Copenhagen - Denmark - Group
* 2009 - Ramm:Ell:Zee - Galerie Ziegler SA - Zurich - Switzerland - Solo
* 2009 - Tag na Grand Palais (Collections Gallizia) - Grand Palais - Paris - France - Group
* 2007 - Futuro del Futurismo - Gamec -Galleria d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Bergamo - Italy - Group
* 2007 - Graffiti Stories (Collection Speerstra) - Abbaye d'Auberive na Musée Paul Valéry, Sète - France - Group
* 2007 -L'art modeste sous les bombes (Collection Speerstra) - Musee International des Arts Modestes - Sete - France - Group
* 2006 - Egwú bụ Ụda Ka Mma - MoMA PS1, New York City - NY - Otu
* 2006 - Sound Zero - Kunst Meran - Meran - Italy - Otu
* 2005 - Bi-Conicals nke Rammellzee Tour - Venice Biennale - Italy - Solo
* 2004 - Ịmụ ọnụ ọchị na ndị otu na champagne - Zeen keuze uit de collectie - Gemeentemuseum Helmond - Boscotondohal, Helmond - Netherlands - Group
* 2002 - Americas Remixed - Careof ̊ Fabbrica del Vapore - Milan - Italy - Group
* 2002 -Cowboys en kroegtijgers - Gemeentemuseum Helmond - Boscotondohal - Helmond - Netherlands - Group
* 2002 - Amerịka - Fabbrica del Vapore - Milan - Ịtali - Ìgwè
* 2001 - Oostduitse meisjes en andere Francken - Gemeentemuseum Helmond - Boscotondohal - Helmond - Netherlands - Group
* 1998 - Ịmụ ọnụ ọchị na champagne - Gemeentemuseum Helmond - Boscotondohal, Helmond - Netherlands - Group
* 1994 - Rammellzee vs Gen U One (Gen Atem) - Omume na Self Presentation - Eigen + Art - New York City - United States - Group
* 1992 - Na-abịa site na Subway (Collection Speerstra) - Groninger Museum - Netherlands - Group
* 1991 - American Graffiti: Nnyocha - Liverpool Gallery - Brussels - Ìgwè
* 1991 - Graffiti Art : Ndị America na ndị France na-ese ihe 1981/1991 (Collection Speerstra) - Musée des monuments Français Paris - Group
* 1990 - Rammellzee - Galerie B5/Speerstra Gallery - Monaco - France - Solo
* 1989 - Hip Hop 'til You Drop - Whitney Museum of American Art - New York - United States - Group
* 1988 - Akwụkwọ ozi ịhụnanya na ihe ndekọ ọnwụ - Barbara Braathen Gallery - New York - NY - Solo
* 1988 - Comic Iconoclasm - Cornerhouse - Manchester - England - Group
* 1987 - The Equation - Lidia Carrieri Gallery - Rome - Italy - Solo
* 1986 - Future Futurism - Barbara Braathen Gallery - New York City - NY - Solo
* 1986 - Retrospective (Collection Speerstra) - Gemeente museum - Helmond - Netherlands - Group
* 1985 - 18° Bienal de São Paulo - Bienal de Sao Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil - Otu
* 1985 - Ikonoklast Panzerim - Galerie Renée Ziegler - Zurich - Switzerland - Ìgwè
* 1985 - N'etiti Sayensị na Akụkọ ifo - Bienal de Sao Paulo - Brazil - Otu
* 1984 - Rapid Enamel The Art of Graffiti - The Renaissance Society na Mahadum Chicago - Otu
* 1984 - Ein Anders klima - ihu igwe dị iche (II) - Kunsthalle Düsseldorf - Dusseldorf - Germany - Otu
* 1984 - Graffiti - Groninger Museum - Groningen - Netherlands - Ìgwè
* 1984 - New York Graffiti (Nchịkọta Speerstra) - Louisiana Museum - Humlebaek - Denmark - Ìgwè
* 1984 - Ndị na-ese ihe si New-York na Monte-Carlo - Speerstra Gallery - Monaco - France - Group
* 1983 - Post-Graffiti - Sydney Janis Gallery - New-York - United States - Group
* 1983 - Graffiti, Thank a Lot - Fun Gallery (Patti Astor) -Group
* 1983 - Museum Boymans - Van Beuningen - Rotterdam - Netherlands - Ìgwè
* 1982 - New York - Institute of Contemporary Arts - London - England - Otu
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|refs=“Rammellzee” by Carlo McCormick, Paper Magazine, January 1987}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* {{Cite web|title=Official website: GothicFuturism.com|url=http://www.gothicfuturism.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327222447/http://www.gothicfuturism.com/|archivedate=27 March 2013}}
* {{IMDb name|nm0708440}}
* Rammellzee discography at Discogs
* [http://www.magical-secrets.com/artists/rammellzee Akụkọ ndụ onye na-ese ihe na Magical-Secrets.com]
* [http://post.thing.net/node/3086 ''Ihe'' ndị si na thesis Rammellzee Iconic Treatise Gothic Futurism]
* [http://www.at149st.com/ramm.html Ajụjụ ọnụ na Rammellzee]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T52mHTpvSeA Ajụjụ ọnụ vidiyo na Guerilla Art]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjAfVHSeIvY Red Bull Music and Culture Video Profile "RAMMELLZEE: Ọ bụghị onye kama ihe"]
* [http://www.ghostgalerie.com Ebe a na-ese ihe]
* [https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/dear-keith-works-from-the-personal-collection-of-keith-haring/rammellzee-death-note-intrude-the-prelude-paint-a https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/dear-keith-works-from-the-personal-collection-of-keith'haring/rammellzee-death-note-intrude-the-prelude-paint-a]
[[Òtù:1960 births]]
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Roger Nash Baldwin
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{{Infobox officeholder|title=Executive Director of the [[American Civil Liberties Union]]}}
[[Usòrò:Roger N. Baldwin.jpg|thumb|Roger Nash Baldwin]]
'''Roger Nash Baldwin''' (January 21, 1884 -August 26, 1981) bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke ACLU ruo afọ 1950.<ref name="NYTObit">{{Cite news|title=Roger Baldwin, 97, Is Dead; Crusader for Civil Rights Founded the A.C.L.U.|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/27/obituaries/roger-baldwin-97-is-dead-crusader-for-civil-rights-founded-the.html|date=August 27, 1981|accessdate=May 16, 2016}}</ref>
Ọtụtụ n'ime ikpe ndị mbụ nke ACLU mere n'okpuru nduzi ya, gụnyere ikpe Scopes, ikpe Sacco na Vanzetti, na ihe ịma aka ya maka mmachibido iwu James Joyce's ''Ulysses''.<ref>Attributed to Harvard Class Book of 1935, entitled "Thirty Years Later", spotlighting Baldwin's class of 1905 on its 30th anniversary, as quoted in a 1997 ''Insight on the News'' article.</ref><ref>See [[Crystal Eastman]], a co-founder of the [[American Civil Liberties Union]], and her brother [[Max Eastman]] (and, particularly, his criticism of [[James Joyce]]).</ref> Baldwin bụ onye a ma ama na-ahụ maka udo na onye edemede.
== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
=== Afọ ndị mbụ ===
A mụrụ Baldwin na Wellesley, [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]], nwa Lucy Cushing (Nash) na Frank Fenno Baldwin. O nwetara nzere bachelọ na masta na Mahadum Harvard; mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara St. Louis na ndụmọdụ Louis D. Brandeis. N'ebe ahụ, ọ kụziri nkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mahadum Washington, rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na eze ma ghọọ onye isi nnwale nke St. Louis Juvenile Court. Ya na Bernard Flexner dekwara Juvenile Courts and Probation n'oge a; akwụkwọ a ghọrọ ihe nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'oge ya, ọ bụkwa, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ, ntọala nke aha mba Baldwin.
=== Ọrụ ===
Baldwin bụ onye otu American Union Against Militarism (AUAM), nke megidere itinye aka America na Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Mgbe a gafere Selective Service Act nke afọ 1917, Baldwin kpọrọ oku ka AUAM mepụta nkewa iwu iji chebe ikike nke ndị jụrụ n'ihi akọ na uche. N'ọnwa Julaị 1, 1917, AUAM mepụtara Civil Liberties Bureau (CLB), nke Baldwin duziri. CLB kewapụrụ onwe ya na AUAM n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1, 1917, na-akpọ onwe ya National Civil Liberties Bureau, na Baldwin dị ka onye nduzi. N'afọ 1920, a gbanwere aha NCLB ka ọ bụrụ American Civil Liberties Union. na Baldwin na-aga n'ihu dị ka onye isi nchịkwa mbụ nke ACLU.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://infoshare1.princeton.edu/libraries/firestone/rbsc/finding_aids/aclu1920/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2006-03-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216161717/http://infoshare1.princeton.edu/libraries/firestone/rbsc/finding_aids/aclu1920/|archivedate=2006-02-16}}</ref>
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na 30 Ọktoba n'afọ 1918, dị ka onye jụrụ n'ihi akọ na uche n'onwe ya, na-ajụ ọbụna idebanye aha maka draft, ịga nyocha ahụike, ma ọ bụ nabata ọrụ ọ bụla ọzọ dị ka ọrụ ugbo, a mara ya ikpe na Federal Court na New York City otu afọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.
Dị ka onye nduzi nke ACLU, Baldwin bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọdịdị nke njirimara mbụ nke njikọ ahụ; ọ bụ n'okpuru nduzi Baldwin ka ACLU mere ụfọdụ n'ime ikpe ya a ma ama, gụnyere ikpe Scopes, ikpe Sacco na Vanzetti, na ihe ịma aka ya maka mmachibido iwu James Joyce's ''Ulysses''. Baldwin lara ezumike nká n'ọchịchị ACLU n'afọ 1950. Ọ nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge ndụ ya niile; dịka ọmụmaatụ, o guzobere International League for the Rights of Man, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka International League for Human Rights.
Na St. Louis, Baldwin enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu site na mmegharị mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke onye anarchist Emma Goldman. Ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ nke ụwa. Roger Baldwin lekọtara, dekọọ ma nye ego maka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ikpe nchekwa maka ndị otu I.W.W. na nyocha na United States. Ihe ndekọ zuru oke nke akwụkwọ ozi ya na alaka I.W.W, ndị nyocha na ndị ọka iwu ka Princeton's Mudd Manuscript Library bipụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://findingaids.princeton.edu/collections/MC001.01/c000001|title=Series 1: Reel Contents - American Civil Liberties Union Microfilm; American Civil Liberties Union Records: Subgroup 1, The Roger Baldwin Years, MC001.01|publisher=Public Policy Papers, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library|year=1912–1950}}</ref>
N'afọ 1927, ọ gara Soviet Union wee dee akwụkwọ, Liberty Under the Soviets . Otú ọ dị, ka e mesịrị, ka ọtụtụ ozi na-apụta banyere ọchịchị Joseph Stalin na Soviet Union, Baldwin bịara na-enwe nkụda mmụọ na ọchịchị Kọmunist ma na 1953 kpọrọ ya "A NEW SLAVERY" (nke a na-akpọ na mbụ).<ref name="Slavery">{{Cite book|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?view=image;size=100;id=mdp.39015028140096;page=root;seq=22;num=18|author=Baldwin, Roger N|title=A New Slavery: Forced Labor ; the Communist Betrayal of Human Rights|publisher=Oceana Publications|year=1953|pages=18–21}}</ref> Ọ katọrọ "ndị uwe ojii ọchịchị Kọmunist na-enweghị mmadụ, ọrụ mmanye".<ref name="Unitarians">Robert C. Cottrell [http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/biographies/roger-baldwin-2/ "Roger Baldwin: Founder, American Civil Liberties Union 1884–1981]. ''Notable American Unitarians''.</ref> N'afọ 1940, Baldwin duziri mkpọsa iji kpochapụ ndị otu ACLU nke ndị otu Communist Party.<ref name="Unitarians" />
N'afọ 1947, General Douglas MacArthur kpọrọ ya ka ọ gaa [[Japan]] iji kwalite uto nke nnwere onwe obodo na mba ahụ. Na Japan, o guzobere Japan Civil Liberties Union, gọọmentị Japan nyekwara ya Order of the Rising Sun. N'afọ 1948, Germany na [[Austria]] kpọrọ ya maka ebumnuche yiri nke ahụ. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Fellow nke American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 1951.<ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=20 April 2011}}</ref>
=== Afọ ndị sochirinụ ===
N'afọ 1968, Mahadum Washington dị na St. Louis nyere Baldwin nzere doctorate nke iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rooney|first=Sonya|title=Research Guides: WashU Commencement History: Honorary Degrees Awarded by W.U.|url=https://libguides.wustl.edu/wustl-commencement/honorary|accessdate=2022-06-16|work=libguides.wustl.edu|language=en}}</ref>
[[President of the United States|Onye isi ala]] Jimmy Carter nyere Baldwin ihe nrite nke nnwere onwe na Jenụwarị 16, afọ 1981.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Wolley|first=John T.|date=January 16, 1981|title=Jimmy Carter: Presidential Medal of Freedom Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony, January 16, 1981.|url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/250755|work=The American Presidency Project|publisher=www.presidency.ucsb.edu|accessdate=December 2, 2020}}</ref>
=== Ọnwụ na ihe nketa ===
Onye bi na Oakland, [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]], Baldwin nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi na August 26, 1981, na The Valley Hospital na Ridgewood, New Jersey.<ref name="NYTObit"/>
Ọ bụ isiokwu nke John G. Avildsen's 1982 documentary Traveling Hopefully .
== Hụkwa ==
* Nchebe Ọrụ Mba Nile
* Òtù Ndị Ọrụ Nchebe
== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist|2}}
* [[iarchive:juvenilecourtspr00flexiala|''Ụlọikpe ụmụaka na Probation'']]. Mụ na Bernard Flexner. New York: The Century Company, 1914.
* [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001232506 ''Nnwere Onwe n'okpuru ndị Soviet'']. New York: Vanguard Press, 1928.
* ''Nnwere Onwe Obodo na esemokwu ụlọ ọrụ''. Mụ na Clarence B. Randall. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1938.
* ''Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ bara uru ịgbachitere''. Mụ na Pauli Murray. New York: League For Adult Education, 1942.
* Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ndị otu ọrụ: Nnyocha, na mmemme omume. New York, American Civil Liberties Union, 1943.
* ''Ihe Ndị ruuru mmadụ'': World Declaration and American Practice New York, Public Affairs Committee, 1950.
* Ịgba ohu Ọhụrụ: Ọrụ Mmanye: Ịghọ aghụghọ nke ndị Kọmunist nke Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* "[https://www2.law.ucla.edu/volokh/blog/baldwin.pdf Nnwere onwe na USA na USSR]," New York: ''Soviet Russia Taa'', 1934.
* "Liberalism na United Front," na Irving Talmadge (ed.), ''Ònye gbanwere?'' A Study of the Future Course of Liberalism in the United States, nke Irving Talmadge dezigharịrị New York: Howell, Soskin, 1941.
* "The Making of a Reformer: The Roger Baldwin Story: A Prejudiced Account by Himself," na Woody Klein, Liberties Lost: The Endangered Legacy of the ACLU. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
=== Akwụkwọ ndị edepụtara edepụtara ===
* Peter Kropotkin, ''[https://libcom.org/files/Kropotkin%20-%20Kropotkin's%20Revolutionary%20Pamphlets%20-%20A%20Collection%20of%20Writings%20by%20Peter%20Kropotkin.pdf Pamphlets]'' Revolutionary: A Collection of Writings. New York: Vanguard Press, 1927.
* Robert C. Cottrell, ''Roger Nash Baldwin na American Civil Liberties Union''. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.
* Peggy Lamson, Roger Baldwin: Onye guzobere American Civil Liberties Union. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976.
* Onye ọ bụla na steeti: Nsogbu dị ka ikpe nke Roger N. Baldwin gosipụtara. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/ws859f657 Roger Nash Baldwin Akwụkwọ]: Finding Aid, Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Mahadum Princeton, Princeton, NJ.
* [http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/biographies/roger-baldwin-2/ Robert] C. Cottrell, "Roger Nash Baldwin, Unitarian." Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Harvard Square.
* Roger Baldwin, Onye guzobere ACLU na 93 Afọ, Ihe nkiri nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20201027040809/http://www.tchamberlinmovies.com/ Tom Chamberlin]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221016145938/https://archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/resources/scpc-dg-062 Ihe ndekọ] World Council nke mgbe Agha gasịrị site na Swarthmore College Peace Collection
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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'''Nwabueze Jaja Wachuku Nwokolo''' (amụrụ na 11 Disemba 1954), nwa eze nke Ngwaland, bụ onye ọka iwu Naịjịrịa nke [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] bụ onye otu kansụl na Law Society nke England na Wales; gụnyere ịbụ onye nduzi na onye isi oche nke BSN nke Great Britain: Black Solicitors Network, nnukwu òtù nke ụdị ya na Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/lords-select/constitution-committee/news/jap-evidence-session-23-nov|title=Lords Committee hears from associations representing women and ethnic minority lawyers|publisher=Parliament UK|accessdate=7 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blacksolicitorsnetwork.co.uk|title=Welcome to BSN|publisher=Black Solicitors Network|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> Nwokolo bụ onye otu Law Society of England na Wales' Minority Ethnic Concerns Group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lexnoir.org/tag/black-solicitors-network|title=Black Solicitors Network|publisher=LexNoir|accessdate=1 April 2014|archivedate=6 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306162942/http://lexnoir.org/tag/black-solicitors-network/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackletterlawpublication.com/feature/nwabueze-nwokolo-seeks-re-election-law-society-council-bme-seat|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo seeks re-election to the Law Society Council BME Seat|date=May 2013|publisher=Black Lawyers Directory|accessdate=1 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095854/http://www.blackletterlawpublication.com/feature/nwabueze-nwokolo-seeks-re-election-law-society-council-bme-seat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blacksolicitorsnetwork.co.uk/about-us/the-board|title=The Board|publisher=Black Solicitors Network|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọ na-anọdụ na RAB: Regulatory Affairs Board nke Law Society.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.onlinebld.com/uploads/BLL/BLL_2009_taster.pdf|title=Showcasing Achievement in Law|publisher=Totally Management London|accessdate=8 April 2014|archivedate=9 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409110753/http://www.onlinebld.com/uploads/BLL/BLL_2009_taster.pdf}}</ref>
Nwokolo bụ onye ọrụ ebere, ọdịbendị dị iche iche na ezinụlọ̀ ka mma tinyere onye na-akwado ikpe zịrị ezi; yana onye ogbugbo, ọrụ ebere, na-enweghị uru, idu ndú ndị ọrụ, mmepe obodo, iwu udo, nha nhata, nnagide, itinye aka na ọkachamara dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/nwabueze-nwokolo/3948.bio|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo|publisher=The Law Society of England and Wales|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2011, Nwokolo nyere aka na usoro nhọpụta ikpe na House of Lords nke United Kingdom nke Great Britain na Northern Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliamentlive.tv/main/Player.aspx?meetingId=9493|title=House of Lords Constitution Committee|publisher=Parliament UK|accessdate=20 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201012/ldselect/ldconst/272/27206.htm|title=Judicial Appointments – Constitution Committee Contents|publisher=Parliament UK|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>
Nwokolo bụ nwa nwanyị nke Jaja Wachuku: Onye isi oche mbụ nke Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya nke Naijiria; yana onye nnọchi anya Naijiria mbụ na onye nnọchianya na United Nations; na Minista [[Naijiria]] nke mbù maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ na mmekọrịta Commonwealth. Ọ bụ nwa nwa Eze Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theechonews.net/2019/12/09/south-east-political-heritage-jaja-wachuku-1918-1996/|title=South-East Political Heritage: Jaja Wachuku: 1918-1996|date=9 December 2019|publisher=The Echo News|accessdate=19 May 2020|archivedate=30 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130185925/https://theechonews.net/2019/12/09/south-east-political-heritage-jaja-wachuku-1918-1996/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://juniorlawyers.lawsociety.org.uk/node/123|title=Case study: Nwabueze Nwokolo|publisher=The Law Society|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407111712/http://juniorlawyers.lawsociety.org.uk/node/123}}</ref> Na Mee 2013, BRM-UK depụtara Nwokolo dị ka ihe nlereanya na Great Britain: Black Role Models United Kingdom otu nwere isi na [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackrolemodelsuk.com/nwabueze-nwokolo|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo|publisher=Black Role Models UK Organization|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307211625/http://www.blackrolemodelsuk.com/nwabueze-nwokolo/}}</ref>
== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ ya dị ka Nwambeze ma ọ bụ Nwabueze Jaja Wachuku na Naijiria n'afọ 1954 nye Rhoda na Jaja Wachuk, Nwokolo gara Queen's School [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]] na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum]] Naijiria, Nsukka (UNN) site na 1973 ruo 1977 ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na LLB: Bachelor of Laws; gụnyere iwu, usoro obodo na nke mpụ, wdg. A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka iwu Naijiria dị ka BL: Barrister at Law na 1978; ma mee mmemeNational Youth Service Corps site na 1978 ruo 1979. Na Mahadum nke Naijiria, Nsukka, ọ bụ onye isi oche, yana onye otu badminton na ndị na-egwu mmiri; gụnyere ịbụ onye otu Kandel Klub-show the light.
N'afọ 1990, Nwokolo gara n'ihu site n'ịgafe CPE nke Mahadum Nottingham Trent: Common Professional Examination for law discipline practitioners in the United Kingdom. Ọzọkwa, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ iwu ya site n'ịgụsị akwụkwọ na College of Law Chester na LSF: The Law Society Finals na 1991. N'afọ 1999, o mere PDT Family Mediation Training na UK. N'afọ 2000, Nwokolo ruru eru maka CeMAP: Certificate in Mortgage Advice and Practice; na 2004, ọ nwetara Diploma na Mortgage Lending. Kemgbe 1978, Nwokolo abụwo onye ọka iwu na onye ọka iwụ nke SCN: Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Naijiria; na site na 1995, onye ọka iwu n'ụlọ ikpe nke Ezé Ukwu nke England na Wales ma ọ bụ Ụlọikpe Kasụ Elu nke England naWales- nke a na-akpọ ugbu a Ụlọikpe Kasọ Elu nke United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackletterlawpublication.com/profile/nwabueze-nwokolo-0|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo|publisher=Black Letter Law|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=22 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022155740/https://www.blackletterlawpublication.com/profile/nwabueze-nwokolo-0}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
N'ịbụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ ma ruo eruo na 1977 dị ka onye ọka iwu na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum]] Naijiria, Nsukka, a kpọrọ Nwokolo na NBA: Nigerian Bar na 1978. Ka e mesịrị, na 1995, ọ debanyere aha dị ka onye ọka iwu na England na Wales. Ọnye otu kansụl nke The Law Society nwere ọrụ maka Minority Ethnic Concerns, Nwokolo bụ ugbu a onyeisi oche nke Black Solicitors Network: BSN nzukọ na United Kingdom of Great Britain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/chancery-lane-pays-tribute-to-nelson-mandela/5039155.article|title=Chancery Lane pays tribute to Nelson Mandela|publisher=Law Society of England and Wales|accessdate=15 December 2013}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ọ na-anọchite anya BSN na External Implementation Group (EIG) nke ndị na-ahụ maka iwu ndị ọka iwu guzobere: SRA ː na nzaghachi maka nchọpụta nke iwu ọjọọ na nke na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ nke ndị ọka iwu ojii na ndị agbụrụ pere mpe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sra.org.uk/support/|title=Support|publisher=Solicitors Regulation Authority|accessdate=7 February 2014}}</ref> Dị ka onye isi oche BSN, Nwokolo nyere aka karịsịa na usoro nhọpụta ndị ikpe na Kọmitii Iwu nke House of Lords na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201012/ldselect/ldconst/272/27213.htm|title=List of Witnesses – Judicial Appointments – Constitution Committee|publisher=Parliament UK|accessdate=17 March 2014}}</ref>
=== Black Solicitors Network ===
Kemgbe afọ 2005, ọ bụ onye nduzi nke BSN: Black Solicitors Network. Na mbido, tupu nhọpụta ya n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2010 dị ka onye isi oche mba BSN, ọ duziri ngalaba Midlands; ma nwee ọrụ maka nlekọta ọzụzụ atụrụ dabere na ahụmịhe ya dị ogologó dị ka onye ọka iwu ezinụlọ, onye nlekọta ụka na ónye ogbugbo ọmịiko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://my-sra.org/sra/news/press/sra-listens-bme-solicitors-birmingham.page|title=SRA listens to BME solicitors at Birmingham event|publisher=Solicitors Regulation Authority|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407064645/http://my-sra.org/sra/news/press/sra-listens-bme-solicitors-birmingham.page}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikivorce.com/divorce/Directory/Solicitors/Solicitors-England-Solihull-All-Issues-Mediation-Service-B92-7DF.html|title=All Issues Mediation|publisher=Wikivorce|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407071509/http://www.wikivorce.com/divorce/Directory/Solicitors/Solicitors-England-Solihull-All-Issues-Mediation-Service-B92-7DF.html}}</ref>
Dị ka onye isi oche Black Solicitors Network, Nwokolo anọwo na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma iji jide n'aka na mmechuihu UK n'òzuzúya na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọka iwu nke ndị Black na ndị Africa na ọrụ iwu ka mma maka ọdịmma nke mba ahụ; n'ihe gbasara ntinye [[Minority group|ndị ka nta]] na ọdịiche dị iche iche kwesịrị ekwesị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thelawyer.com/news/latest-news/diversity-league-table-minorities-still-under-represented-at-the-top-of-the-profession/3012384.article|title=Diversity League Table: minorities still under-represented at the top of the profession|publisher=The Lawyer|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>
Site n'ọtụtụ atụmatụ, nke gụnyere ndụmọdụ nke Diversity League Table, Nwokolo emeela ka BSN rụọ́ ọrụ mgbe niile na ntụziaka nke ịgbasawanye òkè bara uru na ịnweta ọrụ iwu na United Kingdom. A maara ya maka ọhụụ na-aga n'ihu n'okwu ndị a: Na-arụ ọrụ na ndị mmekọ anyị na-anwa ịkwalite ihe n'ihe gbasara ịmepụta ndị ọrụ iwu kwadoro site na ndị kacha mma. Ntinye nke ajụjụ banyere mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke ndị ọka iwu, na ndị ọka iwu ka ha bụrụ, na-anọchite anya akụkụ ọhụrụ dị mkpa nke mkparịta ụka ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://l2b.thelawyer.com/bsn-adds-social-mobility-questions-to-league-tables-research/1007645.article|title=BSN adds social mobility questions to league tables research|publisher=The Lawyer|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407091359/http://l2b.thelawyer.com/bsn-adds-social-mobility-questions-to-league-tables-research/1007645.article}}</ref> Akụkọ a dị mkpa nke Diversity League Table nwere mpaghara anọ dị iche iche; ya bụ: okike, agbụrụ, mmasị mmekọahụ na nkwarụ. Na-elekwasị anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu na ụlọ ọrụ ndị iwu, a na-egosi nsonaazụ dị ka usoro nke profaịlụ nhazi na tebụl league na-esote; na-ahọrọ ndị sonyere na mpaghara ndị dị mkpa, yana igosi ọkwa zuru ezu na tebụla Diversity League zuru ezu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legalsupportnetwork.co.uk/human-resources/news/bsn-adds-social-mobility-questions-league-tables-research|title=social mobility questions added to league tables research by BSN|publisher=Legal Support Network UK|accessdate=4 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407074044/http://www.legalsupportnetwork.co.uk/human-resources/news/bsn-adds-social-mobility-questions-league-tables-research}}</ref>
Nwokolo akwadowo ma meé mkpọsa maka iwepụ ụdị ịkpa ókè ọ bụla na mmeso na-ezighị ezi nke ndị mmadụ na United Kingdom, Nigeria na mba ụwa; ọ na-ekwusi ike na "e nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ a ga-arụ" site n'aka ụmụ mmadụ niile n'afọ ndị na-abịa n'ihụ. Nwokolo kwuru, sị: "Anyị ga-eduga ebubo ahụ, ma ghara ịgbaso ndị ọzọ na-enweghị ihe dị mma dị ka ndị ọka iwu iji nye ma nye ọrụ iwu" maka imeziwanye ikike mmadụ, nnwere onwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ịdị ndụ nke omume ndị isi ojii na ndị agbụrụ pere mpe (BME) na United Kingdom na ụwa niile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/analysis/bme-solicitors-must-act-now-to-survive-upheaval-in-legal-services/58502.article|title=BME solicitors must act now to survive upheaval in legal services|publisher=The Law Society Gazette|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>
N'ịkwado ndị ọka iwu Naijiria, Nwokolo abụwo onye nkwado siri ike maka omume ka mma na mba Afrịka; yana, maka ndị ọka iwu a mụrụ na Naijiria na United Kingdom, n'agba SRA: Solicitors Authority Regulation ume ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ewuli elu na onye na-adịghị elé mmadụ anya n'ihe gbasara itinye BMES: Black and Minority Ethnic Solicitors na mmemme na ọrụ na-aga n'ihu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianwatch.com/news/469-black-lawyers-invited-to-parle-with-solicitors-regulation-authority|title=Black lawyers invited to parle with Solicitors Regulation Authority|publisher=Word Press|accessdate=3 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085724/http://www.nigerianwatch.com/news/469-black-lawyers-invited-to-parle-with-solicitors-regulation-authority}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, Nwokolo abụwo onye na-akwado SRA sité na ọrụ ya nke inyere ndị ọkachamara aka ịghọta mgbagwoju anya na nsogbu ndị na-eche ha ihu na nha nhata na ihe dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawsocietymember.com/Report_latest_council_meeting_NOV.php|title=Black lawyers invited to parle with Solicitors Regulation Authority|publisher=Law Society Member|accessdate=4 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407064116/http://www.lawsocietymember.com/Report_latest_council_meeting_NOV.php}}</ref>
=== Ụlọ Ndị Eze ===
N'ịbụ onye na-anọchite anya ụmụ nwanyị, ndị ogbenye na ndị agbụrụ pere mpe, na Nọvemba 2011, na Kọmitii Iwù nke House of Lords, n'ọrụ ya dị ka Onye isí oche Black Solicitors Network, Nwokolo kwadoro eziokwu a ma ama "plateau of merit", gbasara usoro ịhọpụta ndị ọka ikpe na United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/calendar/?d=2011-11-23|title=Previous business|publisher=They Work For You|accessdate=4 April 2014|archivedate=2014-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407163956/http://www.theyworkforyou.com/calendar/?d=2011-11-23}}</ref> O kwusiri ike, sị: "Anyị achọghị usoro ikpe nke na-abaghị uru ... [ma] ị nwere ike ịhapụ ọtụtụ ndị ga-abara ọha mmadụ uru n'ozuzu ha". Site na ọkwa nke uru "ị na-ele ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu ya ma nabata uru dị n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche ma mata uru ebe ị na-agaghị ele anya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alrich.wordpress.com/tag/house-of-lords-constitution-committee|title=House of Lords Constitution Committee|publisher=Alrich Blog: Word Press|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>
N'ụlọ ndị isi, Nwokolo bụ onye mmeri a ma ama nke: ọdịmma mmadụ, ọhụụ onye ndu ohu bara uru, nnagide na-adịgide adịgide, nkwurịta okwu ọdịbendị, ịmụta ibi n'otu, nnyefe ihe ọmụma ọmịiko na ijide n'aka na a na-enye ndị metụtara usorò nhọpụta ikpe ọzụzụ kwesịrị ekwesị. A maara ya ka o kwuru na: "Ọ dị mkpa ịgbasa echiche gbasara nhọpụta ikpe, gụnyere inye ndị na-atụ aro maka nhọpụta nhata na ọzụzụ dị iche iche. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/targets-needed-for-judicial-diversity-peers-are-told/63246.article|title=Targets needed for judicial diversity, peers are told|publisher=The Law Society Gazette|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>
=== Kansụl Law Society ===
N'afọ 2009, Nwokolo malitere oge nke abụọ ya na Council of the Law Society of England and Wales, ma bụrụ onye isi oche nke Law Society Group Equality and Diversity Committee ruo afọ̀ atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.managingpartner.com/opinion/hr/thought-leader-22|title=Thought leader|publisher=Wilmington Publishing & Information|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072313/http://www.managingpartner.com/opinion/hr/thought-leader-22}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ọ na-aga n'ihu dị ka onye otu Legal Affairs and Policy Board (LAPB) na Black and Minority Ethnic Forum (BMEF) nke Law Society.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/158180407/Minutes-of-meeting-of-12-December-2012---the-Law-Societys|title=Minutes of the Law Society Wales Committee 12 December 2012|publisher=Docstoc|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 20111, ọ bụ onye isi oché nke Nzukọ Ndị Ọkaiwu Minority nke Law Society kwadoro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://issuu.com/abpl/docs/av_16april11/7|title=Law Society Hosts Minority Lawyers' Conference|publisher=ISSUU|accessdate=13 January 2014}}</ref>
Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, Nwokolo etinyela aka na mmepé ọhụụ na uto atụmatụ nke ngalaba ndị agbụrụ dị nta nke Law Society; ma hụ mbọ na ọrụ ya dị ka "ọrụ na-aga n'ihu".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legalfutures.co.uk/latest-news/council-gives-law-society-chiefs-bloody-nose|title=Council gives Law Society chiefs a bloody nose|publisher=Legal Futures Publishing|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cigroup.org.uk/news.aspx?NewsID=19|title=Council seats victory for in-house lawyers|publisher=Commerce & Industry Group|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070954/http://www.cigroup.org.uk/news.aspx?NewsID=19}}</ref>
Nwokolo abụrụla onyẹ otu kọmitii ndị na-esonụ nke The Law Society: National Executive: the Young Solicitors Group: 1999 Xia2003, Council Committee: 2002 Xia2005, Equality and Diversity: 2005 Xia2007, Chair Equality and Diversity Committee: 2007 Xia2010, Minority Ethnic Concerns Council: 2005 ruo ugbu a, Legal Affairs and Policy Board: 2007 ruo ugbu a na Co-Chair of the Minority Lawyers Conference: 2011. Ọzọkwa, ọ n'eje ozi dị ka onye otu ndị ọkachamara na United Kingdom ndị a: Mkpebi: Ndị ọka iwu ezinụlọ: 1993 ruo taa, SRA: Ndị ọka ikpe na-ahụ maka nchịkwa mpụga: 2007 ruo taá, Association of Women Solicitors: 1995 ruo taa na ndị ọka iwu nwere nkwarụ: 2005 ruo taa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blacksolicitorsnetwork.co.uk/bsn-media/news/213-nwabueze-nwokolo-elected-as-new-bsn-chair|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo elected as new BSN Chair|publisher=Black Solicitors Network|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407055131/http://www.blacksolicitorsnetwork.co.uk/bsn-media/news/213-nwabueze-nwokolo-elected-as-new-bsn-chair}}</ref>
=== Nkwado agụmakwụkwọ iwu ===
Banyere ọnụ ahịa agụmakwụkwọ iwu na United Kingdom, Nwokolo abụwokwa onye na-akwado ịchọta ụzọ ezì uche dị na ya iji mee ka ụgwọ agụmakwụkwọ mahadum belata iji wepụ ihe mgbochi ego maka ndị ọka iwu ojii na-achọ. Ọ bụ olu doro anya na mkpa maka mmemme ntụziaka na atụmatụ agbamume maka ndị na-eto eto nwere mmasị ịmụ iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawcareers.net/Information/News/03112009-Soaring-uni-fees-create-barrier-for-black-lawyers|title=Soaring uni fees create barrier for black lawyers|publisher=Law Careers|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>
N'ụzọ doro anya na-akwado maka usoro agụmakwụkwọ iwu magburu onwe ya, nke ọhụrụ na nke kwesịrị nṅomi na United Kingdom dị ka onye otu Law Society Council for Minority Ethnic Concerns na onye isì oche nke Law Society Group Equality and Diversity Committee, Nwokolo, kwuru na 2009:
"Ọrụ ndị ọka iwu na-aga n'ihu na-adọta ndị ọka iwu ụmụ akwụkwọ BME n'agbanyeghị ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke agụmakwụkwọ, ntụgharị na omume nke ọzụzụ ịbụ onye ọka iwu. Ọ dị mfe n'oge gara aga mgbe enyemaka sitere n'aka ndị ọchịchị obodo ọbụna maka ọkwa mahadum. Iwụ bụ ọrụ asọmpi siri ike dịka ndị otu anyị niile kwusiri ike. Iji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma, ọ dịghị mkpa ka ị bụrụ onye mbụ si Oxbridge. Ihe achọrọ bụ ikwere n'onwe gị, agụụ, iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe, ịkwụwa aka ọtọ, nnọgidesi ike na ikike ịrụsi ọrụ ike. Ị chọrọ ọtụtụ ndị nduzi dị ka ị nwere ike ịnakọta na ndị otù anyị niile mere ka ndị ọka iwu na-achọ enyemaka dị njikere n'akụkụ a. Ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ na-aga n'ihu na-achọ ma na-eji nzere na iwu kpọrọ ihe. Ya mere, ndị ọka iwu na-eto eto kwesịrị ịdị njikere ịbụ ndị ọhụrụ na ndị na-emepụta ihe n'iji ọzụzụ ha bara uru dị ka ndị ọkachamara iwu. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://centrallobby.politicshome.com/members/member-press/member-press-details/newsarticle/university-costs-are-a-hindrance-to-aspiring-black-lawyers-says-law-society///sites/law-society/|title=University costs are a hindrance to aspiring black lawyers, says Law Society|publisher=Central Lobby|accessdate=3 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075509/http://centrallobby.politicshome.com/members/member-press/member-press-details/newsarticle/university-costs-are-a-hindrance-to-aspiring-black-lawyers-says-law-society///sites/law-society/}}</ref>
== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ lụrụ Chuka Uchemefuna Nwokolo, dọkịta na prọfesọ nke gastroenterology na nri na-edozi ahụ na Mahadum Warwick; gbakwunyere [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]]: Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, ha nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ: Munachiso na Idu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19367876.queens-birthday-honours-list-uk-list-full/|title=Queen's Birthday Honours 2021|publisher=The Herald Scotland|accessdate=23 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://inews.co.uk/inews-lifestyle/people/queens-birthday-honours-list-2021-full-who-mbe-obe-cbe-knight-dame-1047332|title=Queen's Birthday Honours List 2021 in Full: Everyone Who's Received an MBE, OBE, CBE, Knighthood or Damehood|date=11 June 2021|publisher=iNews: Associated Newspapers Limited: UK|accessdate=23 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/research/biomedical/famished/team|title=The Team|publisher=University of Warwick|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Solihull, United Kingdom bụ ebe obibi ha. Ọzọkwa, na nzuzo, Nwokolo na-arụ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na ikpe ziri ézi agbụrụ maka Chọọchị Metọdist nke Great Britain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.methodist.org.uk/search-results?q=Nwabueze+Nwokolo|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo Search|publisher=The Methodist Church|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075144/http://www.methodist.org.uk/search-results?q=Nwabueze+Nwokolo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://observer.gm/africa/gambia/article/more-goodwill-messages-for-president-jammeh|title=The Methodist Church, under the leadership of Reverend Norman Grigg|publisher=Daily Observer|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075924/http://observer.gm/africa/gambia/article/more-goodwill-messages-for-president-jammeh}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nduzi, onye nlekọta na gọvanọ na Queen's Foundation: Edgbaston: Birmingham: England bụ kọleji ọzụzụ njikọ ụka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://opencharities.org/charities/1111892|title=The Queen's Foundation for Ecumenical Theological Education|publisher=Open Charities|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063152/http://opencharities.org/charities/1111892}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.creditgate.com/companysearch/the+queens+foundation+for+ecumenical+theological+education.aspx|title=The Queens Foundation for Ecumenical Theological Education|publisher=Creditgate|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407215158/http://www.creditgate.com/companysearch/the+queens+foundation+for+ecumenical+theological+education.aspx}}</ref>
AIMs: All Issues Mediation Service, nke na-ekwu maka esemokwu na esemokwu na ezinụlọ na obodo bụ nke o guzobere. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, Nwokolo na-arụ ọtụtụ ọrụ afọ ofufo na nke na-enweghị urù maka ụmụ mmadụ site na RIOJAWACH: Rhoda Idu Onumonu Jaja Wachuku, otu NGO: Òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị o guzobere iji cheta ndị mụrụ ya Rhoda na Jaja Wachaku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asil.org/sites/default/files/documents/Management%20of%20Transboundry%20resources%20in%20Afria%20%281%29.pdf|title=Nwabueze and her siblings support education through RIOJAWACH, a trust ...|publisher=ASIL: American Society of International Law|accessdate=23 June 2021|archivedate=24 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203648/https://www.asil.org/sites/default/files/documents/Management%20of%20Transboundry%20resources%20in%20Afria%20(1).pdf}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku
* Jaja Wachuku
* Ụlọ Ndị Eze
* Òtù Iwu
* Iwu nke United Kingdom
* Iwu Naịjirịa
* Chuku Wachuku
== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140821214616/http://www.blacksolicitorsnetwork.co.uk/nwabueze-nwokolo Black Solicitors Network]
* [http://www.linkedin.com/pub/nwabueze-nwokolo/10/545/7a8 Profaịlụ LinkedIn]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
4yhkdkg0629yfzzvucm809k1p0d7qqx
Peace Efih
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Peace Ewomazino Efih (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 5 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2000) bụ onye Naijirịa na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti maka klọb Ligat Nashim nke Israel FC Kiryat Gat na ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/peace-efih_prs458501/person.shtml|title=Peace Efih|work=EuroSports}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Edo Queens na Rivers Angels na Nigeria Women Premier League . Na 2018 WAFU Zone B Women's Cup, Efih gbara naanị goolu n'egwuregwu mbụ nke [[Nigeria women's national football team|Naịjirịa]] na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/wafu-womens-cup-efih-grabs-match-winner-against-mali/|title=WAFU Women's Cup: Efih Grabs Match-winner Against Mali|date=2018-02-16|work=Brila|accessdate=2019-07-21|archivedate=2018-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423094758/http://www.brila.net/wafu-womens-cup-efih-grabs-match-winner-against-mali/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/wafu-womens-cup-5-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-ongoing-football-tournament/2k6s6h1|title=5 things you need to know about the ongoing football tournament|work=Pulse|accessdate=2019-07-21}}</ref>
Na Julaị 2019, Efih bịanyere aka na Sporting de Huelva na nkwekọrịta otu afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/nigeria-midfielder-peace-efih-joins-sporting-de-huelva-from/1u5udinam03up1qy5yiq30roey|title=Nigeria midfielder Peace Efih joins Sporting de Huelva from Rivers Angels|author=Ahmadu|first=Samuel|work=Goal.com|accessdate=2019-07-21}}</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
ey5x2w1iyi0oevy8zst5ojht8yoix1n
Nsogbu mmiri Cape Town
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'''Nsogbu mmiri nke Cape Town''' dị na obodo [[South Africa]] bụ oge oke ụkọ mmiri na mpaghara Western Cape, nke na-emetụta obodo Cape Town ofuma. Ọ bụ ezie na mmiri dam na-ebelata kemgbe afọ 2015, nsogbu mmiri nke ogbe Cape Town malitere nke ukwuu n'etiti afọ 2017 ruo n'etiti afọ 2018 mgbe mmiri na-efe n'etiti pasent 14 na 29 nke mmiri niile.
== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
Mpaghara Cape Town na-enwe ihu igwe Mediterenian na-ekpo ọkụ, oge ọkọchị na mmiri ozuzo n'oge oyi. Western Cape Water Supply System na-adabere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam na mmiri ozuzo, nke a na-ejide ma chekwaa na nnukwu ihe mgbochi mmiri isii dị n'ebe ugwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/awaiting-day-zero-cape-town-faces-an-uncertain-water-future|title=Awaiting Day Zero: Cape Town Faces an Uncertain Water Future|publisher=Yale Environment 360|first=Adam|author=Welz|date=1 March 2018}}</ref> A na-eme ka ihe mgbochi mmiri na-ada n'ebe ndị a na-enweta mmiri, karịsịa n'oge ọnwa oyi oyi dị jụụ site na Mee ruo Ọgọst, na ọkwa mmiri na-agbadata n'oge oge ọkọchị nkeonwa .
== Usoro iheomume ==
{| class="wikitable" align="cellpadding="4"" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em; text-align:center; font-size:95%"
! colspan="10" style="background:#ccccff" |Mmiri dị ka pasent nke ikike mmiri zuru ezu site n'afọ.<ref name="GUwater">{{Cite web|url=http://www.groundup.org.za/article/whats-causing-cape-towns-water-crisis/|title=What's causing Cape Town's water crisis?|author=Bohatch|first=Trevor|date=16 May 2017|publisher=Ground Up|language=en|accessdate=2017-06-01|archivedate=2019-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820172631/https://www.groundup.org.za/article/whats-causing-cape-towns-water-crisis/}}</ref>
|-
!Nnukwu ihe mgbochi mmiri
!Ikike (megalitres)
!17 Mee 2021<ref name="dashboard2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www.capetown.gov.za/Family%20and%20home/residential-utility-services/residential-water-and-sanitation-services/this-weeks-dam-levels|title=City of Cape Town: Dam Levels|date=18 May 2021|publisher=City of Cape Town|accessdate=18 May 2021}}</ref>
!18 Mee 2020<ref name="dashboard2020">{{Cite web|url=http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/damlevels.pdf|title=City of Cape Town: Water Dashboard|date=18 May 2020|publisher=City of Cape Town|accessdate=18 May 2020|archivedate=26 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626040439/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/damlevels.pdf}}</ref>
!13 Mee 2019<ref name="dashboard">{{Cite web|url=http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/damlevels.pdf|title=City of Cape Town: Water Dashboard|date=13 May 2019|publisher=City of Cape Town|accessdate=22 May 2019|archivedate=26 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626040439/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/damlevels.pdf}}</ref>
!14 Mee 2018<ref name="dashboard-14may2018">{{Cite web|url=http://coct.co/water-dashboard/?ca_source=Website&ca_medium=affiliate&ca_campaign=Home%20page%20trends%20-%20Day%20Zero%20Dashboard&ca_term=Day%20Zero%20Dashboard&ca_content=Day%20Zero%20Dashboard|title=Water Dashboard|date=Mar 2019|work=City of Cape Town|publisher=City of Cape Town|accessdate=17 May 2018|archivedate=7 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207180447/http://coct.co/water-dashboard/?ca_source=Website&ca_medium=affiliate&ca_campaign=Home%20page%20trends%20-%20Day%20Zero%20Dashboard&ca_term=Day%20Zero%20Dashboard&ca_content=Day%20Zero%20Dashboard}}</ref>
!15 Mee 2017
!15 Mee 2016
!15 Mee 2015
!15 Mee 2014
|-
|Ihe Mmiri nke Osimiri Berg
|130,010
|76.1
|65.6
|68.1
|39.2
|32.4
|27.2
|54.0
|90.5
|-
|Steenbras dị ala
|33,517
|58.0
|48.4
|38.6
|35.4
|26.5
|37.6
|47.9
|39.6
|-
|Steenbras Upper
|31,767
|54.2
|96.5
|65.0
|59.6
|56.7
|56.9
|57.8
|79.1
|-
|Ọdọ Mmiri Theewaterskloof
|480,188
|75.2
|50.2
|36.1
|12.0
|15.0
|31.3
|51.3
|74.5
|-
|Ọdọ Mmiri Voelvlei
|164,095
|58.3
|50.4
|55.4
|14.5
|17.2
|21.3
|42.5
|59.5
|-
|Ọdọ Mmiri Wemmershoek
|58,644
|59.1
|43.3
|43.6
|48.4
|36.0
|48.5
|50.5
|58.8
|-
|Ngụkọta echekwara (megalitres)
|898,221
|626,907
|481,370
|411,849
|191,843
|190,300
|279,954
|450,429
|646,137
|-
|'''Ngụkọta % Nchekwa'''
|100
|'''69.8'''
|'''53.6'''
|'''45.9'''
|'''21.4'''
|'''21.2'''
|'''31.2'''
|'''50.1'''
|'''71.9'''
|}
[[Usòrò:Cape_Town_water_crisis_graph.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|400x400px|Ihe osise nke mmiri niile echekwara na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri isii kachasị ukwuu na Western Cape (acha anụnụ anụnụ) yana ọkwa mgbochi mmiri nke Cape Town (oroma) site na Nọvemba 2013 ruo Ọgọst 2021.]]
== Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya ==
[[Usòrò:Cape_Water_map_dams.png|thumb|274x274px|Map nke nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị na-enye mmiri na Cape Town]]
=== Oké ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ===
Ihe kpatara nsogbu mmiri ahụ bụ oke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo site n'afọ 2015-2017 nke karịrị ụkpụrụ atụmatụ nke Ngalaba Mmiri na Idi ocha.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/2018/01/22/facts-are-few-opinions-plenty-on-drought-severity-again/|title=Facts are few, opinions plenty… on drought severity again|work=www.csag.uct.ac.za|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-03-30}}</ref> A na-ejikọta mbelata mmiri ozuzo na mgbanwe sara mbara na ikuku na oke osimiri, gụnyere mgbanwe nke Southern Hemisphere moisture corridor n'etiti afọ 2015 , mgbanwe nke jet-stream na mmụba nke usoro nrụgide dị elu nke South Atlantic.N'afọ 2017 bụ afọ kachasị akọrọ kemgbe 1933, ma eleghị anya tupu, ebe ọ bụ na data a pụrụ iji tụnyere otupu afp 1933 adịghị.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sousa|first=Pedro M.|date=2018|title=The 'Day Zero' Cape Town drought and the poleward migration of moisture corridors|journal=Environmental Research Letters|volume=13|issue=12|pages=124025|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aaebc7}}</ref> Ọ chọpụtakwara na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke oke a ga-eme ihe dịka otu ugboro n'ime afọ 300 ọ bụla.<ref name="csag">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2017-08-31-how-severe-is-the-droughta|title=How severe is the drought?|author=Wolski|first=Piotr|date=Aug 2017|work=University of Cape Town}}</ref>
=== Nchịkwa ihe achọrọ na ihe oriri ogologo oge ===
Ndị bi na Cape Town amụbaala site na nde mmadụ 2.4 bi n'afọ 1995 ruo nde mmadụ 4.1 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2015, na-anọchite anya mmụba pasent 71 nke ndị bi na afọ 20, ebe nchekwa mmiri mmiri mmiri na-abawanye site na pasent 17 n'otu oge ahụ.<ref name="GUwater"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/cape-town-population/|title=Cape Town Population 2019|work=World Population Review|accessdate=2023-04-19|archivedate=2018-07-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133358/http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/cape-town-population/}}</ref> <ref>Schutte, C. F., & Pretorius, W. A. (1997). Water demand and population growth. ''WATER SA-PRETORIA-'', ''23'', 127–134.</ref> Na 2007, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry buru amụma na mkpa na-eto eto na Western Cape Water Supply System ga-akarị ọkọnọ ma ọ bụrụ na obodo na obodo ndị ọzọ emezughị usoro nchekwa mmiri na njikwa ọchịchọ.<ref name="WCWRSNewsletterMarch09">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Other/WMA/19/WCWRSNewsletterMarch09.pdf|title=Western Cape Water Reconciliation Strategy Newsletter 5|date=March 2009|publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry}}</ref>
=== Ọdịda gọọmentị ===
Ọ bụ gọọmentị ime obodo, mpaghara na nke mba na-ekere òkè maka inye mmiri. Iwu Mmiri Mba (Iwu 36 nke 1998) na-ekwu na gọọmentị mba bụ "onye nlekọta ọha na eze" nke akụ mmiri nke mba ahụ iji hụ na a "na-echebe, jiri, mepụta, chekwaa, jikwaa ma chịkwaa mmiri n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide na nke ziri ezi".<ref name="Facts and Myths">{{Cite news|url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/facts-and-myths-about-cape-towns-water-crisis/|title=Facts and myths about Cape Town's water crisis|date=Jan 2018|work=GroundUp}}</ref> Nke a kpatara esemokwu n'etiti gọọmentị ime obodo na nke mpaghara (Democratic Alliance, DA) nke ndị mmegide na-eduzi n'otu aka, na gọọmentị mba nke ọtụtụ ndị otu na-edu na nke ọzọ (African National Congress, ANC), na ndị otu na'ebo ibe ha ụta maka nsogbu mmiri.<ref name="Saunderson-Meyer">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saundersonmeyer-drought-commentary/commentary-in-drought-hit-south-africa-the-politics-of-water-idUSKBN1FP226|title=Commentary: In drought-hit South Africa, the politics of water|author=Saunderson-Meyer|first=William|work=U.S.|accessdate=2018-03-30|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-akatọ DA maka enweghị echiche n'ihu maka mmepe nke isi iyi mmiri ọhụrụ na akụrụngwa, ebe a na-ebo ANC ebubo na ọ na-egbochi ego iji mebie ma mee nye nchịkwa DA iyere.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-03-07-day-zero-heroes-maimane-hails-water-wise-capetonians-as-crisis-recedes/|title='Day Zero heroes': Maimane hails water-wise Capetonians as crisis recedes|author=Hyman|first=Aron|date=Mar 2018|work=Times Live}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://emg.org.za/images/downloads/water_cl_ch/SAWC_State-of-DWS-Report.pdf|title=REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND SANITATION|work=South African Water Caucus|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925190453/https://www.emg.org.za/images/downloads/water_cl_ch/SAWC_State-of-DWS-Report.pd|archivedate=25 September 2019}}</ref> [[Helen Zille]], onye isi ala nke Western Cape, akpọọla gọọmentị mba ka ha kwụọghachi obodo Cape Town maka ego ọ ga-efu iji jikwaa nsogbu mmiri ahụ.<ref name="Jan24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2018-01-24-government-must-refund-cape-town-for-cost-of-managing-the-water-crisis/|title=Government must refund Cape Town for cost of managing the water crisis|date=24 January 2018|work=Business Day}}</ref>
=== Ịjụ ịpụ mmiri n'ime mmiri ===
Na 2018, Cape Town jụrụ onyinye sitere n'aka ndị [[Israel]] iji nyere ya aka iwu ụlọ ọrụ desalination.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saundersonmeyer-drought-commentary/commentary-in-drought-hit-south-africa-the-politics-of-water-idUSKBN1FP226 In drought-hit South Africa, the politics of water], Reuters, January 25, 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/cape-town-may-dry-up-because-of-an-aversion-to-israel-1519254816 Cape Town May Dry Up Because of an Aversion to Israel], Wall St. Journal, February 21, 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.aish.com/jw/me/The-Cape-Town-Water-Crisis-and-Hating-Israel.html The Cape Town Water Crisis and Hating Israel], aish, February 11, 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/South-African-stupidity-540605 South African stupidity], Jerusalem Post, February 3, 2018</ref>
== Mmetụta ==
[[Usòrò:Westridge_Gardens_9.jpg|thumb|E guzobere ihe ncheta okooko osisi na Westridge Gardens iji cheta nzukọ ekpere nke kpọrọ maka ezigbo mmiri ozuzo n'oge nsogbu mmiri. ]]
Nsogbu mmiri ahụ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na akụ na ụba, ahụike na nchekwa. O doro anya na inye mmiri obodo maka ịgba mmiri na iji obodo eme ihe nwere ihe dị mma n'ụdị nchekwa nri, ahụike ọha na eze, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.
== Hụkwa ==
* Enweghị mmiri
* Nchebe mmiri
* Ebe a na-ahụkarị
* Ọdachi nke ndị nkịtị
* Oké ọkọchị nke otu puku afọ
* [[Nsogbu mmiri Chennai nke 2019]] Nsogbu mmiri yiri nke ahụ na-eme na Chennai, India
* [[20182021 Oké ọkọchị nke ndịda Afrịka|201820 Southern Africa ụkọ mmiri ozuzo]]
* Nchịkwa mmiri chọrọ
== Edensbịa ==
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210301162648/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Procedures,%20guidelines%20and%20regulations/Disaster%20and%20Demand%20FAQ.pdf Ụbọchị Zero na FAQ metụtara Mmiri]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180626040439/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/damlevels.pdf Obodo Cape Town Dam Levels Dashboard]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180719065901/http://coct.co/water-dashboard/ Obodo Cape Town Ụbọchị Zero Dashboard]
* [http://www.capetown.gov.za/Family%20and%20home/residential-utility-services/residential-water-and-sanitation-services/this-weeks-dam-levels Obodo Cape Town Ọdọ Mmiri nke izu a]
* [http://www.capetownetc.com/water-crisis/heres-how-the-new-water-by-laws-will-affect-you/ Ọ na-ekwu otú iwu mmiri ọhụrụ ga-esi metụta gị]
[[Òtù:Mgbanwe ihu igwe]]
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Nzukọ Mba Nile nke Tokyo maka Mmepe Africa
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TICAD abụwo ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na mkpebi ogologo oge nke Japan iji kwalite udo na nkwụsi ike n'Africa site na mmekorita.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1966/09/14/archives/japan-to-increase-asianafrican-aid.html?sq=Tokyo+International+Conference+on+African+Development+&scp=1&st=p "Japan to Increase Asian-African Aid,"] 'New York Times.'' September 14, 1966.''</ref> N'ọnọdụ a, Japan emesi ike mkpa "ihe onwunwe Africa" nke mmepe ya yana "mmekọrịta" n'etiti Africa na mba ụwa.<ref name="mof1"/> Nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ndị nnọchiteanya nnọkọ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ iji mesie ikpe ahụ ike maka enyemaka ndị ọzọ, ọ bụghị obere site na nnukwu akụ na ụba ụwa.<ref name="dailymail29">Attah, Haruna. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131212025315/http://news.accra-mail.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=122:ticad-ends-today-kufuor-to-close-proceedings&catid=34:news&Itemid=53 "TICAD ends today Kufuor to close proceedings,"] ''Acra Daily Mail. May 29, 2008.''</ref>
== Usoro iheomume nke nzukọ ==
Ebumnuche nzukọ TICAD bụ inyere aka ịkwalite mkparịta ụka iwu dị elu n'etiti ndị isi Afrịka na ndị mmekọ mmepe ha. Ọ pụtara na 1993 mgbe Agha Nzuzo biri n'oge 'ike ọgwụgwụ enyemaka' n'etiti mba ndị nyere onyinye, ọ dịkwa oke mkpa n'ịmezigharị mmasị siri ike na-enye onyinye n'Africa.<ref name="odi1">Tembo, Fletcher (2008) [http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/background-notes/0805-where-next-for-TICAD.pdf "Where next for TICAD: Building lasting partnerships"], London: Overseas Development Institute.</ref> TICAD aghọwo nnukwu nnọkọ zuru ụwa ọnụ iji kwalite mmepe na kọntinent ahụ n'okpuru ụkpụrụ nke "onye nwe" Afrịka na "mmekọrịta" mba ụwa. Echiche ndị a ghọrọ ihe dị mkpa na mmalite nke New Economic Partnership for Africa's Development ([[Njikọ Ọhụrụ Maka Mmepe Africa|NEPAD]]), atụmatụ maka mmepe nke ndị Afrịka n'onwe ha mepụtara.<ref name="ndn2008">Adisa, Banji. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110714182353/http://ndn.nigeriadailynews.com/templates/default.aspx?a=15183&template=print-article.htm "Japan to promote Africa's growth at Tokyo confab,"] ''Nigeria Daily News.'' March 25, 2008.</ref> Nzukọ TICAD ndị gara aga emeela ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa, ọkachasị mgbe Japan na-anabata G8, dịka ọ dị na 2008. N'afọ 2000, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Japan kwadoro Okinawa G8 Summit ma kpọọ ndị isi si n'ọtụtụ mba Afrịka ka ha bịa. G8 jikwa echiche ndị a tụrụ aro na TICAD II mee ihe n'ịmepụta Global Fund iji lụso ọrịa AIDS, ụkwara nta na ịba ọgụ.<ref name="odi1" />
== Ụzọ Isi ==
E mere TICAD m n'afọ 1993. Mba ndị Afrịka na ndị mmekọ mmepe ha kwurịtara atụmatụ maka nzọụkwụ maka ọganihu ka ukwuu n'Afrịka.<ref name="mof1"/> E guzobere TICAD n'oge mmasị mba ụwa na Africa malitere ibelata, na ike ọgwụgwụ na-enye onyinye na-amalite.<ref>Blay, Gina. [http://www.modernghana.com/news/167140/1/japan-african-forum-begins.html "Japan-African Forum Begins,"] ''Daily Guide'' (Accra). May 27, 2008.</ref> Nzukọ a mepụtara "Tokyo Declaration on African Development".<ref>Juma, Monica Kathina ''et al.'' (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=mjtcCyGjm1wC&dq=TICAD&pg=PA491 ''Compendium of Key Documents Relating to Peace and Security in Africa,'' p. 491]-505.</ref>
Ndị nnọchiteanya sitere na mba 48 nke Afrịka sonyere na nnọkọ ahụ, gụnyere ndị isi ala anọ: Mba iri na abụọ ndị ọzọ zitere ndị nnọchiteanya; ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa bịakwara dị ka ndị nnọchite anya na ndị na-ekiri ihe.<ref>Japan, MOFA: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad/list/africa.html 28 African nations]</ref>
=== Nnyocha ===
A na-ewere nzukọ ahụ dị ka ihe na-ekwe nkwa, mana atụmanya ahụ ka bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka. N'ime iri afọ kemgbe mmalite ahụ, àgwà TICAD agbanweela ma mgbagwoju anya ma mma. Mmetụta ahụ agbanweela site na nsogbu dị mfe nke TICAD-I nke enyemaka kpọmkwem gaa na isiokwu ndị ọzọ nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ na ndị metụtara ibe ha nke jikọtara na mmemme mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.<ref name="cazzaniga1">Cazzaniga, Pino. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230617041911/https://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=12406&size=A "From TICAD IV, a new model for fostering African development,"] ''Asia News'' (PIME - [[Pontificio Istituto Missioni Estere]], Rome). June 3, 2008.</ref>
== Ụzọ Isi nke Abụọ ==
TICAD II na 1998. Mba Afrịka na ndị mmekọ mmepe ha kwekọrịtara na "Tokyo Agenda for Action" (TAA), nke e bu n'uche ịghọ usoro nduzi a na-aghọta nke ọma. Mbelata ịda ogbenye n'Africa na njikọta zuru oke nke Africa n'ime akụ na ụba ụwa bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị mkpa.<ref name="mof1">Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs:
[http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad/what.html What is TICAD?]</ref> N'ịgbaso TICAD II, nzukọ ndị minista nke afọ 2001 nyere ohere iji kwurịta NEPAD.<ref name="ndn2008"/>
A kpọrọ ọtụtụ mba Afrịka na ndị ọzọ. Ụfọdụ ndị isi ala kpebiri ịga; ọtụtụ ndị minista gọọmentị na ndị ọzọ so na ndị sonyere na nnọkọ ahụ.
=== Nnyocha ===
A na-ewere nkwekọrịta na atụmatụ dị ka nzọụkwụ mbụ.
== Ụzọ Isiokwu nke Atọ ==
E mere TICAD III na 2003, na-achịkọta ihe karịrị ndị nnọchiteanya 1000, gụnyere ndị isi ala 23 na Onye isi oche nke African Union.<ref name="ndn2008"/> Mba Afrịka na ndị mmekọ mmepe ha nyochara ihe ndị TICAD rụzuru afọ iri, enwere mkparịta ụka banyere ụzọ TICAD kwesịrị isi mee n'ọdịnihu.<ref name="mof1"/>
A kpọrọ ọtụtụ mba Afrịka na ndị ọzọ. Ụfọdụ ndị isi ala kpebiri ịga; ọtụtụ ndị minista gọọmentị na ndị ọzọ so na ndị sonyere na nnọkọ ahụ.
=== Nnyocha ===
Mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị isi ala na-abịa gosipụtara nnabata dị ala nke nzukọ ahụ dị ka ebe nwere ike ịdị irè. Ndị sonyere na-ekwughachi onyinye nke usoro TICAD na mmepe Afrịka, na-ekwu maka ọrụ ya n'ịkwalite mmasị na mkpebi nke mba ụwa maka mmepe Afríku.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200806030990.html "Africa: TICAD Participants Resolve to Improve Food Security, Economic Growth,"] ''The News'' (Monrovia). June 3, 2008.</ref> N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ kemgbe TICAD-III, e nweela nzukọ Africa-China, Africa-India na EU-AU, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.<ref>Africa-China summit: [[Forum on China-Africa Cooperation]] (FOCAC) in 2006.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080919165539/http://www.sabcnews.com/politics/government/0,2172,170412,00.html "Japan seeks trade, not politics in Africa,"] SABCnews. May 27, 2008.</ref>
== Ụzọ Isiokwu nke Anọ ==
[[Usòrò:TICAD_Ⅳ_Banner,Yokohama_Japan.jpeg|thumb|200x200px|Akara TICAD-IV na-aghọ ihe na-egbuke egbuke nke nnabata ka ''Yokohama zutere Africa''.]]
[[Usòrò:Yokohama_M4837.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Ebe TICAD-IV bụ Pacifico Yokohama, ụlọ dị n'akụkụ mmiri dị n'etiti. Ihe kachasị ama na mpaghara Minato Mirai bụ ụgbọ elu siri ike nke nnukwu InterContinental Hotel - ihe siri ike, nke na-acha ọcha, nke yiri ákwà ifufe nke na-emegide ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ.]]
A kpọkọtara TICAD IV (May 2008) na Yokohama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad/ticad4/index.html|title=MOFA: The Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) in Yokohama|work=www.mofa.go.jp}}</ref> N'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme ya nke afọ iri na ise, nke a bụ oge mbụ a kpọrọ nzukọ ahụ n'obodo ọzọ na-abụghị Tokyo. Yokohama na-akwadebe ime emume ncheta afọ 150 nke mmeghe nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ncheta afọ 120 nke mmalite nke City Administration. N'ọnọdụ a, TICAD IV na okwu ahụ, ''Yokohama'' Meets Africa bu n'uche ime ka ọdịdị mba ụwa nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na obodo ahụ pụta ìhè.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120208025801/http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=18341 "Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) Sets Agenda for Hope and Opportunity,"] ''JCNnetwork'' (Japan's Corporate News). May 26, 2008.</ref>
Nke a bụ nke a kacha bịa n'ime ihe omume TICAD anọ. Na-azaghachi oku ahụ bụ mba Afrịka 51 (ma e wezụga Somalia), òtù Afrịka 17, mba Eshia 12, mba 22 na-enye onyinye, na òtù mba 55, na ngụkọta nke ihe dị ka ndị nnọchiteanya 2,500. Ndị a gụnyere ndị isi ala 40 ma ọ bụ praịm minista nke mba Afrịka, okpukpu abụọ karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nọ na TICAD III (2003).<ref name="cazzaniga1"/> Ọzọkwa na Yokohama e nwere ndị na-ahazi ihe jikọtara ya na "ihe omume ndị ọzọ" na ndị ọzọ sonyere na nzukọ ahụ.
TICAD IV nwere nnọkọ zuru oke na nnọkọ iri abụọ na anọ "isiokwu".<ref>SANGONet: [http://www.sangonet.org.za/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9467&Itemid=1 "NGOs Frustration at TICAD IV in Japan."] May 26, 2008.</ref> TICAD lekwasịrị anya na atụmatụ maka ịhazi ihe ọmụma na ihe onwunwe nke mba ụwa n'akụkụ ndị bụ isi nke: (a) uto akụ na ụba; (b) nchekwa mmadụ, gụnyere inweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe nke UN; na (c) nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi / mgbanwe ihu igwe. Na mgbakwunye, TICAD IV gbalịrị ịchọpụta njikọ ndị nwere ike ịdị n'ime G8 Hokkaidō Tōyako Summit na July 2008.<ref name="mof2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2008/info/theme.html|title=Hokkaido Toyako Summit - Main Themes|work=www.mofa.go.jp}}</ref> N'ọnọdụ a, Onye isi odeakwụkwọ nke World Bank na International Monetary Fund Development Committee, [[Kiyoshi Kodera]], kwuru okwu na nzukọ tupu ihe omume ahụ ebe o kwuru na onye ọ bụla kwesịrị "ịnakwere eziokwu siri ike" na mba ndị dị na mpaghara Sahara Africa ga-anọgide na-adabere na enyemaka mba ọzọ ruo mgbe ha chọtara ụzọ ọhụrụ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120402173307/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,date:2008-05-27~menuPK:34461~pagePK:34392~piPK:64256810~theSitePK:4607,00.html "Fukuda begins marathon talks with African leaders ahead of TICAD,"] World Bank ''News & Broadcast.'' May 27, 2008.</ref>
Ndị bịara nzukọ ahụ bụ ndị nnọchi anya World Bank, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), ọtụtụ mba na-enye onyinye, òtù ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị (NGOs) na [[World Bank|ụlọ]] ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.<ref name="ndn2008"/> Echiche ndị nnọchiteanya nnọkọ ahụ nyere aka mesie ikpe ahụ ike maka enyemaka ozugbo iji nyere akụ na ụba ndị na-adịghị ike n'Africa aka ịnagide nsogbu nri na mmanụ zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="dailymail29"/> Ndị sonyere kwetara na enyemaka nri mberede dị mkpa, mana ọ dịkwa mkpa ime ihe dị n'etiti ruo ogologo oge, na-elebara anya pụrụ iche na nkewa nke ọrụ na nkwekọrịta n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ mmepe dị iche iche.<ref name="AfDB1">[http://www.afdb.org/portal/page?_pageid=293,174339&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&press_item=30732271&press_lang=us "Bank Group Participates in TICAD IV,"] African Development Bank (Tunis). June 3, 2008.</ref>
A gụnyekwara ọrụ ndị dị obere na usoro ihe omume TICAD. Ndị Japan webatara atụmatụ itinye ego JICA n'ịmepụtaghachi "Otu Village One Product movement" (OVOP) n'ọnọdụ Afrịka. N'ọnọdụ a, nleta onye isi ala Malawi gara Japan gụnyekwara nleta n'isi ụlọ ọrụ OVOP na Osaka.<ref>Khunga, Suzgo. [http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=9675 "Malawi could be OVOP headquarters,"] ''Daily Times'' (Lilongwe, Malawi). May 27, 2008.</ref>
=== Ime mgbanwe ===
N'okwu o kwuru na TICAD-IV, Praịm Minista Japan Yasuo Fukuda kwere ka gọọmentị gbasaa ego a na-akpọ yen ruru ijeri ¥415 (US $ 4- ijeri) na enyemaka ego ruru ihe dị ka ijeri yen 260 (US $ 2.5 ijeri) n'ime afọ ise sochirinụ. Fukuda nyekwara gọọmentị aka guzobe ego na Japan Bank for International Cooperation nke e mere iji mee ka itinye ego okpukpu abụọ n'Africa. A ga-enye enyemaka ego site na ego ahụ n'ime afọ ise sochirinụ iji nyere aka mepụta netwọk okporo ụzọ na akụrụngwa okporo ụzọ ndị ọzọ. Praịm Minista Japan kwupụtakwara atụmatụ itinye "ndị agha nchebe mmiri" na-enye ntụziaka na njikwa mmiri. Ọzọkwa, Fukuda kọwara na gọọmentị ya bu n'uche inyere aka ịkwalite ihe ruru 100,000 ndị ọkachamara na ngalaba ahụike na ọgwụ.<ref name="ys1">[http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20080525TDY01304.htm "Fukuda to promise aid, loan package for Africa,"] ''Yomiuri Shimbun.'' May 24, 2008.</ref>
Nkwupụta Fukuda na Japan ga-enye aka dị ukwuu na mba Afrịka n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ ego ya siri ike bụ iji mee ka asambodo Japan dị mma na mba ụwa.<ref name="ys1"/> E mere okwu Praịm Minista Fukuda iji mee ka ndị ndu Japan sie ike dị ka ndị na-anabata nzukọ G-8 n'ihi na enyemaka maka Africa ga-abụ ihe dị mkpa na atụmatụ nzukọ ahụ. Ihe ọzọ mere gọọmentị ji nwee obi ụtọ bụ na Japan na-anwa ime ka mmekọrịta ya na mba ndị Afrịka sikwuo ike iji nweta nkwado ha maka mbọ ha na-agba inweta oche na-adịgide adịgide na Kansụl Nchebe UN. Gọọmentị Japan mụtara ihe mmụta site na ọdịda nke mkpọsa 2005 maka ịbụ onye otu na-adịgide adịgide na Kansụl Nchebe: Nkwado sitere na mba Afrịka, nke mejupụtara otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ndị otu UN, a na-aghọta ya dị ka ihe dị mkpa ma ọ bụrụ na Japan ga-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma na mgbalị ya. N'okwu ya, Fukuda kwuru, "Japan ga-achọ ịrụ ọrụ na mgbanwe nke Kansụl Nchebe UN na mmekorita ya na ndị enyi Africa".<ref name="ys1" />
Omume Fukuda n'oge TICAD dọtara uche ndị mgbasa ozi maka ihe ụfọdụ ndị nta akụkọ kpọrọ "marathon nke obere nzukọ". N'ime ụbọchị abụọ, Praịm Minista nke Japan dị afọ 71 zutere otu otu na ndị isi 40 nke mba Afrịka, na-enyefe ihe dịka nkeji iri abụọ na nke ọ bụla; ọ zutekwara ndị na-akwado Africa asaa.<ref name="cazzaniga1"/><ref name="k31">Kawakami, Osamu. [http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/world/20080531TDY04305.htm "China rivalry marks TICAD IV; Government seeks African support on climate change, UN Security Council membership,"] ''Daily Yomiuri.'' May 31, 1008.</ref> Na mgbakwunye, Minista na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, Akira Amari, zutere ndị isi Afrịka na mgbalị ịrụ ọrụ iji zụlite mmekọrịta chiri anya na mba ndị sonyere na nzukọ ahụ.<ref name="yomiuri30">Tabuch, Hideharu. [http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/business/20080530TDY04304.htm "Government securing future resources; Fukuda, Amari meet with African leaders to shore up ties for procurement,"] ''Yomiuri Shimbun.'' May 30, 2008.</ref> N'ime izu TICAD, Amari zutere ndị isi Angola, Gabon na Uganda na Tuesday na Wednesday (May 27-28). Amari zutere ndị isi Madagascar, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa na Namibia na Thursday (May 29); ọ zutere na Friday (May 30) na onye ndú Nigeria. Ndị isi Afrịka a bụ ndị na-ebupụ ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ndị na-emepụta ihe na Japan. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Naịjirịa bụ nnukwu onye na-emepụta mmanụ n'Africa, Angola nwekwara mmanụ dị mma. South Africa na-emepụta zirconium nke a na-eji maka mmanụ nuklia, ebe Democratic Republic of Congo na-emepụta cobalt, nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eji eme ihe maka ebumnuche dị iche iche.<ref name="yomiuri30" />
=== Nnyocha ===
Japan ejirila enyemaka mee ihe dị ka ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa. Ọ bụ onye kachasị enye onyinye n'ụwa n'afọ 1991, mana enyemaka ya n'ozuzu ya na-ebelata ka ụgwọ ya na-abawanye. Ka China na India na-achọ ịmekọrịta mmekọrịta chiri anya na kọntinent Afrịka, nzukọ ahụ bụ ohere dị mkpa maka Japan iji nọgide na-enwe mmetụta mmekọrịta ya. Dị ka Ministri Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ nke Japan si kwuo, Afrịka nwere pasentị 89 nke ngụkọta nke platinum, pasentị 60 nke diamond ya, pasent 53 nke cobalt, pasent 37 nke zirconium na pasentị 34 nke chromium.<ref>[http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2008/05/25/3464646.htm "Opportunity to knock on Japan's door at TICAD, Gabon envoy says,"] ''Japan Times.'' May 25, 2008.</ref> Kọntinent Afrịka ka bụ ahịa nwere ike ịbụ maka Japan; ma China na India ghọtara mkpa dị ngwa iji chekwaa ngwaahịa iji mee ka ọganihu akụ na ụba ha dịkwuo elu.<ref>Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC): [http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/200805/s2254943.htm?tab=latest "Japan to host African conference,"] May 25, 2008.</ref>
N'ọnọdụ a, a pụrụ ikwu na Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) na 2006 gosipụtara mgbanwe maka mmekọrịta akụ na ụba Africa.<ref name="k31"/> Nzukọ ahụ kpọghachiri ike ndị isi ụwa ọ bụghị naanị maka mmetụta na-arịwanye elu nke China na Africa kamakwa gosipụtara mkpa na-arị elu nke Africa.<ref>Munyi, Elijah. [http://politics.nationmedia.com/inner.asp?sid=1881 "Summits and the myth of one Africa,"] ''Kenya Today.'' May 24, 2008.</ref> N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, China anọwo na-enye enyemaka dị ukwuu na mba Afrịka na ebumnuche nke inweta òkè na akụ na ụba okike bara ọgaranya na kọntinent Afrịka; India anọwokwa na-eme otu ihe ahụ.<ref name="ys1"/>
Nzukọ ahụ nyere ebe maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị iji gbasaa ọtụtụ kọntaktị dị elu. Na mgbakwunye na World Bank, ndị nnọchi anya otu African Development Bank (AfDB) nke onye isi oche ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, Donald Kaberuka, duziri, gara TICAD-IV. Ọzọkwa n'etiti ndị 2,500 bịara bụ ndị ọkà mmụta, dị ka onye isi oche nke Mahadum Tsukuba na Japan na onye nrite Nobel Joseph Stiglitz nke Mahadim Columbia.<ref name="AfDB1"/>
E nwere oge mgbe nzukọ ahụ gara dịka Japan tụrụ anya ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, gọọmentị Japan mere atụmatụ itinye nkwupụta na Yokohama Declaration iji belata gas na-ekpo ọkụ site na pasent 50 site na ọkwa dị ugbu a ka ọ na-erule afọ 2050. Otú ọ dị, gọọmentị wepụrụ ndokwa a mgbe ha zutere mmegide siri ike site na South Africa, onye isi na-emetọ ikuku.<ref name="k31"/>
Nzukọ TICAD na-emesi ike mkpa ndị asọmpi akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Eshia na-etinye n'akụkụ aka nri nke ndị isi Afrịka - ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-anọdụ ala na nnukwu mineral, mmanụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. Afrịka na-apụta dị ka ókèala ikpeazụ maka ndị na-etinye ego. Kọntinent ahụ na-enyekwa ahịa na-eto eto maka ngwaahịa ndị a na-emepụta nke na-enweghịzi ike mbupụ na mba ndị mepere emepe nke Europe na America.<ref name="allafrica.com">Wa Ngai, Mbatau. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200806030298.html "Africa: Continent Should Negotiate Jointly With Asians,"] ''The Monitor'' (Kampala). June 3, 2008.</ref>
Ụfọdụ olu kwuru na ọ ga-aka mma ma ọ bụrụ na Africa gaa TICAD-V (2013) na atụmatụ zuru oke nke nwere ike kewaa n'ime atụmatụ mba nke enwere ike inyocha n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'oge nzukọ abụọ sochirinụ. Ịmepụta otu atụmatụ na-akọwapụta azụmahịa na itinye ego ga-eyi atụmatụ ezi uche dị na ya n'ihi na mba ndị dị na kọntinent ahụ na-alụ ọgụ na ihe ịma aka yiri nke ahụ nke gụnyere akụrụngwa na-adịghị mma na okwu azụmahịa nke na-atụle nke ukwuu megide Africa.<ref name="allafrica.com"/> N'echiche, Thabo Mbeki nabatara atụmatụ kọntinent a ka ọ na-atụ aro na ọganihu akụ na ụba Afrịka n'ọdịnihu kwesịrị ime site na azụmahịa ọ bụghị enyemaka. Mbeki kwuru, "N'ebughị n'uche mkpa enyemaka dị, usoro azụmahịa ka mma maka Afrịka dị oke mkpa iji hụ na njikọta ya zuru oke na akụ na ụba ụwa".<ref>Gomes, Vijay. [http://in.ibtimes.com/articles/20080528/japan-africa-aid-business-ticad-investment-yasuo-fukuda_2.htm "Japan pledges to double Africa aid during TICAD, explores investment opportunities,"] ''International Business Times'' (India). May 28, 2008.</ref> O kwukwara na "ịnweta ahịa naanị ya anaghị egosi mgbe niile na mba ndị na-emepe emepe nwere ike ịbanye n'ahịa ụwa na-asọmpi".<ref>[http://www.thestar.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=4425647 "Japanese prime minister pledges billions to Africa,"] ''The Star'' (Johannesburg). May 28, 2008.</ref>
=== Ihe nrite Hideyo Noguchi Africa ===
E nyere ihe nrite abụọ mbụ nke Hideyo Noguchi Africa na TICAD IV. E mepụtara ihe nrite a iji sọpụrụ Hideyo Noguchi, onye Japan a ma ama na-ahụ maka nje bacteria nke chọpụtara ihe na-akpata ọrịa syphilis na 1911, onye nwụrụ n'Africa mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka mmepe nke ọgwụ mgbochi maka virulent yellow fever.<ref>Hess, Julius H. and A. Levinson. [https://books.google.com/books?id=bjgSAAAAYAAJ&dq=hideyo+noguchi&pg=PA89 "Clinic of Drs. Julius H. Hess and A. Levinson; The Luetin Test," ''International Clinics: A Quarterly.'' Vol.3, No. 28 (1918), p. 89]-95.</ref><ref>National Diet Library: [http://www.ndl.go.jp/portrait/e/datas/312.html?c=26 Noguchi bio and image]</ref>
E mere atụmatụ inye onyinye mbụ nke Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize ka ọ daba na TICAD IV; a kwapụkwara ebe nnọkọ ahụ site na Tokyo gaa Yokohama dị ka ụzọ ọzọ isi sọpụrụ nwoke ahụ a gụrụ aha ya.<ref>Japan, Cabinet Office: [http://www.cao.go.jp/noguchisho/english/keii/keii.html Noguchi Prize, chronology]</ref> N'afọ 1899, Dr. Noguchi rụrụ ọrụ na Yokohama Port Quarantine Office dị ka onye enyemaka dọkịta na-anọpụ iche.
Ndị mbụ nwetara Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize, dị ka Noguchi n'onwe ya, bụ ndị dọkịta nwere mmasị na ọrịa na ahụike ọha na eze. Ha bụ Dr. Brian Greenwood na Dr. Miriam Were. Maka ndị a na-asọpụrụ, ihe nrite ahụ na-anọchite anya nkwenye nke ihe ha rụzuru n'oge gara aga na itinye ego na onyinye ha ga-enye n'afọ ndị na-abịa. Praịm Minista Japan, Yasuo Fukuda, mere ihe nrite ahụ n'ezie; Emperor na Empress nọkwa na emume 2008 tinyere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị isi ala Afrịka.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080828015447/http://uzimafoundation.org/main/2008/05/29/mama-miriam-receives-the-hideyo-noguchi-prize/ "Mama Miriam receives the Hideyo Noguchi Prize,"] UZIMA Foundation News. May 29, 2008.</ref>
Site na nnukwu ego na-aga onyinye a, Noguchi Prize na-asọ mpi na nnukwu onyinye sayensị. Site na mbido, 2008 Noguchi Prizes - nke nwere aha, ihe nrite na honorarium nke 100 nde yen (US $ 843,668) - bu n'uche ịbụ nke mbụ n'usoro na-aga n'ihu; a na-atụkwa anya inye onyinye ndị ọzọ afọ ise ọ bụla.
Ihe nrite ahụ, nke akpọrọ "Ihe nrite na Nkwado nke Ihe Omume Dị ịrịba ama na Mpaghara nke Nnyocha Ọgwụ na Ọrụ Ọgwụ n'Africa nke enyere na Ncheta nke Dr. Hideyo Noguchi," bụ nke Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) na-elekọta.<ref name="ndn2008"/>
== Ụzọ-Otu ==
Ka TICAD-IV kwụsịrị, a na-eme atụmatụ maka TICAD -V na June 2013. Praịm Minista Fukuda mara ọkwa na ọ gwara ndị nnọchiteanya na TICAD-IV, "M na-ekwe nkwa na ka ọ na-erule afọ 2012- ise site ugbu a-Japan ga-eji okpukpu abụọ mee ka enyemaka mmepe ya (ODA) gaa Africa, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye ya n'ime afọ ndị a. " N'otu oge ahụ, Fukuda kwuru na gọọmentị ya ga-eji okpukpu abụọ nye nnukwu enyemaka na mmekorita teknụzụ maka Africa site na 2012.<ref>Manalo, Komfie. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090506072019/http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7011088567 "Japan Doubles Loans To Africa To $4 Billion,"] AHN News. May 28, 2008.</ref>
E mere TICAD-V na Yokohama 1-3 June 2013 na ndị isi ala Afrịka iri anọ na otu, tinyere odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN Ban Ki Moon na onye isi ụlọ akụ ụwa Jim Yong Kim, bịara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ticad.net/ticadv/|title=TICAD V {{!}} Tokyo International Conference on African Development|work=www.ticad.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301150026/http://www.ticad.net/ticadv/|archivedate=2013-03-01}} </ref> Praịm Minista Japan Shinzō Abe meghere nzukọ ahụ site n'ịkpọsa ngwugwu ijeri $ 32 afọ ise iji kwado mmepe akụrụngwa na ịkwalite uto akụ na ụba n'Africa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130910000249/http://graphic.com.gh/General-News/32bn-japanese-pledge-as-ticad-v-opens.html $32bn Japanese pledge as TICAD V opens], Graphic Online, 2 June 2013</ref>
=== Nnyocha ===
Nzukọ ahụ mechiri dị ka otu n'ime nzukọ kachasị ukwuu e mere na Japan na ndị sonyere ihe karịrị 4,500, gụnyere Praịm Minista Shinzo Abe, Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ Fumio Kishida, yana ndị nnọchiteanya si mba 51 nke Afrịka gụnyere ndị isi steeti na gọọmentị 39, ndị nnọchite anya si mba 31 na mba Eshia, mba 72 na mpaghara, ngalaba onwe, NGO na ndị obodo. Na mgbakwunye, e mere ihe omume dịgasị iche iche n'akụkụ na ọtụtụ ndị bịara site na ọha na eze. TICAD V kwadoro ozi bụ isi nke "Hand in Hand with a More Dynamic Africa". N'okpuru echiche ahụ, a na-eme mkparịta ụka siri ike banyere ọdịnihu nke mmepe Afrịka, na-elekwasị anya na isiokwu ndị bụ isi nke TICAD V, ya bụ "Economics siri ike na nke na-adịgide adịgide," "Inclusive and Resilient Society," na "Udo na Nkwụsi ike".Dị ka nsonaazụ, TICAD V nabatara akwụkwọ abụọ, ya bụ, "Yokohama Declaration 2013," na-egosi ntụziaka n'ọdịnihu maka mmepe Afrịka, na "Yokoham Action Plan 2013-2017," map ụzọ maka usoro TICAD n'ime afọ ise sochirinụ na usoro ụfọdụ.
Kemgbe TICAD V, Japan ejirila ike tinye mmekọrịta mba na mba n'Africa iji nọgide na-enwe ume na iji jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mezuo nkwa ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, e mere nzukọ Japan-African Regional Economic Communities (RECs) na New York na mpụga nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN na Septemba 26, 2013, nke Praịm Minista Abe duziri. Na tebụl gburugburu, ndị sonyere na-agbanwerịta echiche banyere mmepe ọrụ ugbo na nchekwa nri. Na mgbakwunye, site na Nọvemba 24 ruo Disemba 5, 2013, Japan zigara ndị ọrụ ọha na eze na nke onwe maka ịkwalite azụmahịa na itinye ego maka Africa na Republic of the Congo, Gabonese Republic, na Côte d'Ivoire. Ya mere, Japan na-atụ anya ịkwalite mmekọrịta ya na Africa site na usoro ndị dị otú ahụ na-esote TICAD V. Ọzọkwa, Praịm Minista Abe gara mba Afrịka atọ na Jenụwarị 2014, na-emezu nkwa ya na TICAD F ka ọ gaa Africa n'ọdịnihu dị nso.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/index.html|title=Diplomatic Bluebook|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan}}</ref>
== Ụzọ Isii ==
TICAD VI ga-abụ TICAD mbụ a ga-eme n'Africa. Kenya na Gambia arịọla maka ohere ijide ya, mana Gambia wepụrụ iji kwe ka Kenya merie.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160319162752/http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Kenya-to-host-major-Japanese-investment-forum-TICAD/-/539546/2791480/-/95ih07z/-/index.html Kenya to host 2016 Tokyo meet on African development July 16, 2015] ''[[Business Daily Africa]]'' Retrieved January 29, 2016</ref><ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201508310999.html Africa: Kenya Will Host the First Ticad Meeting in Africa in 2016 August 31, 2015] ''[[AllAfrica.com]]'' Retrieved January 29, 2016</ref> A ga-eme ya na Nairobi ma na-atụ anya ndị nnọchiteanya 5,000.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161105193912/http://www.nation.co.ke/business/5-000-delegates-expected-in-Nairobi-for-Tokyo-global-forum/-/996/2841472/-/v2skl2/-/index.html 5,000 delegates expected in Nairobi for Tokyo global forum August 21, 2015] ''[[Daily Nation]]'' Retrieved January 29, 2016</ref>
== Ụkpụrụ nke Asatọ ==
TICAD VIII, nke mbụ kemgbe ọrịa COVID-19, emere na [[Tunisia]] site na 27 ruo 28 Ọgọst 2022. Praịm Minista Fumio Kishida sonyeere nzukọ ahụ site na mkparịta ụka vidiyo mgbe ọ nwalere COVID-19. A na-atụ anya na puku ndị ọbịa ise ga-abịa ihe omume ahụ.<ref name="Ticad8_S1">{{Cite web|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/08/78a92ca0956a-japan-to-pledge-human-resources-investment-in-africa-to-counter-china.html|title=Japan to pledge human resources investment in Africa to counter China|first=KYODO|author=NEWS|work=Kyodo News+}}</ref><ref name="Ticad8_S2">{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202208250330.html|title=Tunisia: Three Decades of Promoting Ownership and Partnership - History of Ticad|date=August 25, 2022|work=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref name="Ticad8_S3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/business-and-tech/20220825-japan-seeks-sustainable-world-in-africa-aid-forum|title=Japan seeks 'sustainable world' in Africa aid forum|date=August 25, 2022|work=RFI}}</ref>
== Ihe edeturu ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Ihe odide ==
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mmekọrịta mba ụwa nke Japan: ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba na nchekwa. London: Routledge. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-415-33638-4|0-415-33638-4]]
* Juma, Monica Kathina, Rafael Velásquez García, na Brittany Kesselman (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=mjtcCyGjm1wC&dq=TICAD&pg=PP2 ''Compendium nke akwụkwọ ndị dị mkpa metụtara udo na nchekwa n'Africa'']. Praetoria: Praetoria University Law Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-9585097-3-5|0-9585097-3-5]]
* Taylor, Ian na Paul Williams (2004). Africa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba ụwa: Mmekọrịta mpụga na Kọntinent. London: Routledge. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-415-35836-1|0-415-35836-1]]
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [http://www.ticad.net/index.html Tokyo International Conference on African Development Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị]
* G8, Hokaidō Tōyako Summit: 34th G8 summit website
* Ụkpụrụ nduzi: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad/ticad1.html Ndepụta]
** [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad2/ticad22.html Nkwupụta Tokyo maka Mmepe Africa]
* Ụkpụrụ-II: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad2/index.html Ndepụta]
** [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad2/agenda21.html Ihe Omume Tokyo]
* Ụkpụrụ nduzi-III: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad3/index.html Ndepụta]
** [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad3/declaration.html TICAD Nkwupụta Afọ Iri]
** [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad3/chair-1.html Nchịkọta site n'aka Onye isi oche nke TICAD-III]
* Ụkpụrụ nduzi nke anọ: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad/index.html Ndepụta]
** [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad/ticad4/doc/declaration.html Nkwupụta Yokohama]
** Yokohama Action Plan (HTML), ([http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad/ticad4/doc/actoin.pdf PDF])
** [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad/ticad4/doc/followup.html Usoro Nnyocha TICAD]
** [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad/ticad4/doc/summary.html Nchịkọta site n'aka Onye isi oche nke TICAD-IV]
* TICAD-V: [Ministry for Foreign Affairs web site - a ga-ewu]
{{International fora on Africa}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Onuora Abuah
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{| class="infobox biography vcard"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline">Onuora Abuah</div>
|-
| colspan="2" class="infobox-image" | [[File:Onuora Abuah at Luxor Train Station (cropped).jpg|thumb|Onuora Abuah]]
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Born
| class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Anthony Onuora Ejoh- Abuah</div><br /><br /><br /><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]</div>
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nationality
| class="infobox-data category" |Nigerian, British
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Other names
| class="infobox-data nickname" |Anthony Abuah
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alma mater
| class="infobox-data" |Central Film School
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Occupation(s)
| class="infobox-data role" |[[actor]], [[film director]], [[Film producer|producer]] , writer and author
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Years active
| class="infobox-data" |2008–present
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Known for
| class="infobox-data" |Woolwich Boys, Danhomé & Vodun
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span>
| class="infobox-data" |Mona
|}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Anthony Onuora Abuah''' bụ onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri, [[Actor|onye]] nduzi ihe nkiri, na-emepụta ihe na onye edemede.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3355616|title=Onuora Abuah|work=[[IMDb]]|publisher=imdb.com|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="africine bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/index.php/personne/anthony-abuah/50483|title=Anthony Abuah Data|work=www.africine.org|accessdate=2023-08-01|archivedate=2025-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250605034009/https://www.africine.org/index.php/personne/anthony-abuah/50483}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thebritishblacklist.co.uk/anthony-abuah-discusses-his-new-political-thriller-mona/|title=ANTHONY ABUAH DISCUSSES HIS NEW POLITICAL THRILLER, MONA|work=The British Blacklist|publisher=thebritishblacklist.co.uk|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shadowandact.com/amp/uk-based-writerdirector-anthony-abuah-tells-his-story-whats-yours|title=UK-Based Writer/Director Anthony Abuah Tells His Story; What's Yours?|work=Shadowandact|publisher=shadowandact.com|accessdate=1 August 2023|archivedate=2 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802122353/https://shadowandact.com/amp/uk-based-writerdirector-anthony-abuah-tells-his-story-whats-yours}}</ref>
== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ ya na Kenya n'aka nna Naijiria-Igbo na nne Rwandan nke agbụrụ Tutsi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackplaysarchive.org.uk/explore/playwrights/abuah-anthony|title=Anthony Abuah {{!}} BPA|work=black plays archive|publisher=blackplaysarchive.org.uk|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ọ bụ nwata n'Afrịka tupu ezinụlọ ya akwaga Switzerland n'afọ 1995. Onuora gara British School of Lomé site na 1999 - 2002, tupu ọ kwaga United Kingdom ịga Mahadum Plymouth ma mesịa nweta nzere masta na Filmmaking na Central Film School.
== Ọrụ ==
=== Ime ihe nkiri ===
Mgbe o biri na Cardiff ruo afọ ole na ole, Onuora sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri nke ndị ntorobịa MeWe nke dị na London, ebe a tụbara ya n'egwuregwu banyere onye bụbu ohu ghọrọ onye edemede, [[Olaudah Equiano]]. O mechara rụọ ọrụ [[Olaudah Equiano]] na ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi site na ụlọ ọrụ Talawa Theatre maka Victoria & Albert Museum. Ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ na Tony Kaye's Black Water Transit (2009), tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri mmefu ego dị ala Patrolmen (2010).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0490087/fullcredits/cast|title=Full Cast & Crew: Black Water Transit (2009)|work=[[IMDb]]|publisher=imdb.com|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1394360/|title=Patrol Men|work=[[IMDb]]|publisher=imdb.com|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Topcount|url=https://www.topcount.co/tv/people/498505/onuora-abuah|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=www.topcount.co|archivedate=2023-08-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801122056/https://www.topcount.co/tv/people/498505/onuora-abuah}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, o dere ma mepụta egwuregwu mbụ ya Another Biafra, banyere nsogbu mmanụ Niger-Delta na-aga n'ihu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kweli.tv/creator/onuora-abuah|title=Actor Abuah Profile|work=Kweli TV|publisher=kweli.tv|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref>
=== Ịtụziaka ===
Onuora duziri ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ Woolwich Boys (2012), nke gosipụtara na British Urban Film Festival ma London Live na UK, ETV na South Africa na Ebony Life TV gafee Africa nyere ya ikikere. Ihe nkiri ya nke abụọ, Mona (2016) nke David Avery na Lonyo na-eme, meriri Grand Nile Award na 2016 Luxor African Film Festival ma họpụta ya maka Africa Movie Academy Awards abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okay.ng/full-list-of-nominees-for-the-2016-african-movie-academy-awards/|title=Full List of Nominees for the 2016 African Movie Academy Awards|work=Okay Nigeria|publisher=okay.ng|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.luxorafricanfilmfestival.com/en/PressZone/News/LAFF%20announces%20the%205th%20edition%E2%80%99s%20awards|title=LAFF announces the 5th edition’s awards|work=Luxor African Film Festival|publisher=luxorafricanfilmfestival.com|accessdate=1 August 2023|archivedate=29 September 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929120401/http://www.luxorafricanfilmfestival.com/en/PressZone/News/LAFF%20announces%20the%205th%20edition%E2%80%99s%20awards}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anthony Abuah on his new film Woolwich Boys about 419 scammers|url=https://www.smartmonkeytv.com/channel/emerging_cultures/anthony_abuah_on_his_new_film_woolwich_boys_about_419_scammers|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=www.smartmonkeytv.com|archivedate=2023-08-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801122057/https://www.smartmonkeytv.com/channel/emerging_cultures/anthony_abuah_on_his_new_film_woolwich_boys_about_419_scammers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2013 African movie academy awards nominations announced.|url=https://www.afrofilmsinternational.com/2017/05/02/2013-african-movie-academy-awards-nominations-announced/|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=www.afrofilmsinternational.com|archivedate=2023-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610043428/https://www.afrofilmsinternational.com/2017/05/02/2013-african-movie-academy-awards-nominations-announced/}}</ref>
=== Ihe nkiri ===
Abuah emepụtala ọtụtụ ihe ngosi banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Afrịka gụnyere Danhomé & Vodun (2018), A Thousand Years to Tomboctou (2019), Kano na Onuora Abuah (2020) na Revolution Now: 5 Days with Sowore (2022) banyere Onye guzobere Sahara Reporters [[Omoyele Sowore]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9829294/|title=Danhomé and Vodun|work=[[IMDb]]|publisher=imdb.com|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15787998/|title=A Thousand Years to Tombouctou|work=[[IMDb]]|publisher=imdb.com|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref>
== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2011
|''The Unlucky Mother''
|Director, Producer, Writer
|Short Film
|-
|2012
|''Woolwich Boys''
|Actor, Director, Producer, Writer
|Crime Drama
|-
|2013
|''Trim''
|Executive Producer, Director, Writer
|Web Series
|-
|2014
|''Woodfalls''
|Actor, Producer
|Drama
|-
|2014
|''Mum Dad Meet Sam''
|Producer
|Romantic Comedy
|-
|2016
|''Mona''
|Actor, Producer, Director, Writer
|Political Thriller
|-
|2018
|''Danhomé & Vodun''
|Director, Producer, Writer
|Documentary
|-
|2019
|''A Thousand Years to Tomboctou''
|Director, Producer, Writer
|Documentary
|-
|2019
|''Kano with Onuora Abuah''
|Director, Producer, Writer
|Documentary
|-
|2020
|''Tainted Canvas''
|Producer
|Drama
|-
|2020
|''Headwrap''
|Producer, Director, Writer
|Short Film
|-
|2020
|''Ouroboros''
|Actor
|Short Film
|-
|2021
|''Ọjị''
|Producer, Director, Writer
|Short Film
|-
|2021
|''Tafiya''
|Producer, Director, Writer
|Short Film
|-
|2022
|''Revolution Now: 5 Days with Sowore''
|Director, Producer, Writer
|Documentary
|-
|2023
|''km.t: A Journey through the Black Land''
|Actor, Director, Producer, Writer
|Documentary
|-
|2023
|''Deep Undercover: Part One''
|Actor
|Pilot Film
|}
== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Afọ
!Ememe mmeri
!Ụdị
!Ihe nkiri
!Nsonaazụ
!Nkwupụta
|-
|2013
|Ihe nrite Africa Movie Academy
|Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma nke Onye Afrịka Na Mba Ọzọ
|Ụmụ nwoke Woolwich
|{{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/2013-african-movie-academy-awards-amaa-nominations-announced|title=2013 African Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) Nominations Announced|work=Face 2 Face Africa|publisher=face2faceafrica.com|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Ihe nrite Africa Movie Academy
|Ihe nkiri mbụ kachasị mma site n'aka onye nduzi na ihe nkiri kachasị mma site na onye Afrịka bi na mba ọzọ
|''Mona''
|{{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/amaas-2016-full-list-of-winners-at-2016-africa-movie-academy-awards/x7v1vp2|title=Pulse Ghana Full list of winners at 2016 Africa Movie Academy Awards|work=Pulse|publisher=pulse.com.gh|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Luxor African Film Festival
|Ihe nrite Grand Nile maka Akụkọ Ogologo Kasị Mma
|''Mona''
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0003011/2016/1/|title=Luxor African Film Festival 2016 Awards|work=[[IMDb]]|publisher=imdb.com|accessdate=1 August 2023}}</ref>
|}
== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* {{IMDb name|3355616}}
* Onuora Abuah at Rotten Tomatoes
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Rofiat Imuran
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{{Databox}}
Rofiat Imuran (amụrụ na 17 June 2004) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agbachitere. Rofiat Imuran onye na-agbachitere Ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke Naijiria. Ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke Naijiria<ref>{{Cite web|author=Alao|first=Seyi|date=2022-09-05|title="They are the future of Super Falcons" — Waldrum praises Imuran, Deborah and others|url=https://www.brila.net/they-are-the-future-of-super-falcons-waldrum-praises-imuran-deborah-and-others/|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401184340/https://www.brila.net/they-are-the-future-of-super-falcons-waldrum-praises-imuran-deborah-and-others/}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
O sonyere na FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-23|title=Falcons chance excites Imuran|url=https://punchng.com/falcons-chance-excites-imuran/|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Falconets' Coach Names World Cup Squad As Team Depart For Costa Rica|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2022/08/05/falconets-coach-names-world-cup-squad-as-team-departs-for-costa-rica/|work=channelstv.com}}</ref>
TỌ na-egwuri egwu maka Stade de Reims. Ámá Egwuregwu nke Reims<ref>{{Cite web|author=Dairo|first=Fisayo|date=2022-10-14|title=Super Falcons stars Imuran, Demehin set for Reims debut|url=https://www.aclsports.com/super-falcons-stars-imuran-demehin-set-for-reims-debut/|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB|archivedate=2023-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401184339/https://www.aclsports.com/super-falcons-stars-imuran-demehin-set-for-reims-debut/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Agberebi|first=James|date=2022-10-14|title=Falconets Stars Demehin, Imuran Join French Club Stade de Reims|url=https://www.completesports.com/falconets-stars-demehin-imuran-join-french-club-stade-de-reims/|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=Complete Sports|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401184338/https://www.completesports.com/falconets-stars-demehin-imuran-join-french-club-stade-de-reims/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Oyebola|first=Mike|date=2022-10-13|title=Transfer: French club, Stade Reims sign Falconets duo|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/10/13/transfer-french-club-stade-reims-sign-falconets-duo/|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Erons|first=Imhons|date=2022-10-13|title=Official: Stade de Reims sign two Nigeria u20 Women World Cup stars - Soccernet NG|url=https://soccernet.ng/2022/10/official-stade-de-reims-sign-two-nigeria-u20-women-world-cup-stars.html|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US}}</ref>
N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2023, a gụnyere ya n'ime ndị egwuregwu iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka asọmpi FIFA Women's World Cup nke afọ 2023. 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ryan Dabbs|date=2023-06-14|title=Nigeria Women's World Cup 2023 squad: most recent call ups|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/nigeria-women-world-cup-2023-squad-team-roster-players|accessdate=2023-06-20|work=fourfourtwo.com|language=en}}</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
<references />
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
eybqnq5ek2prnniglc63ucof94yojnz
Omowumi Ogunrotimi
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{| class="infobox biography vcard"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline">Omowumi Ogunrotimi</div>
|-
| colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Ogunrotimi.jpg|frameless]]
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba
| class="infobox-data category" |[[Nigerian|Onye Naijiria]]
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ọrụ
| class="infobox-data role" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist">
* onye ọka iwu
* Onye na-akwado nwoke na nwanyị
</div>
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://gendermobile.org gendermobile.org]</span>
|}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]'''Omowumi Ogunrotimi''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka iwu na Naijiria, onye guzobere na onye isi nchịkwa nke Gender Mobile Initiative. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://independent.ng/omowunmi-ogunrotimi-winning-gender-advocacy-war-one-battle-at-a-time/|title=omowunmi ogunrotimi winning gender advocacy war one battle at a time|work=independent.ng|date=2022-12-30}}</ref> rụrụ ọrụ n'ihe karịrị obodo ime obodo iri ise na-akwado ebe dị nchebe maka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ọkachasị ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/to-overcome-vulnerability-women-must-dismantle-barriers-to-their-liberation/|title=overcome vulnerability women must dismantle barriers to their liberation|work=guardian.ng|date=2022-01-15}}</ref> <ref name="of">{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/features/meet-these-seven-young-influencers-making-waves-on-their-respective-fields-in-nigeria/|title=meet these seven young influencers making waves on their respective fields in nigeria|work=guardian.ng|date=2022-10-22|accessdate=2023-11-05|archivedate=2022-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103082412/https://guardian.ng/features/meet-these-seven-young-influencers-making-waves-on-their-respective-fields-in-nigeria/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''guardian.ng''. 2022-10-22.</cite></ref>
Ìgwè ihe ndị Ogunrotimi <ref name="you">{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/ogunrotimi-expanding-frontiers-of-women-empowerment/|title=expanding frontiers of women empowerment|work=guardian.ng|date=2022-08-02|accessdate=2023-11-05|archivedate=2023-12-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210103804/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/ogunrotimi-expanding-frontiers-of-women-empowerment/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''guardian.ng''. 2022-08-02.</cite></ref> ma na-ebute ụzọ emeela ka ihe karịrị otu narị puku (100,000) ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ rite uru.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/nigerias-omowumi-ogunrotimi-shortlisted-2018-commonwealth-youth-awards/|title=nigerias omowumi ogunrotimi shortlisted 2018 commonwealth youth awards|work=vanguardngr.com|date=2018-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecommonwealth.org/news/2018-commonwealth-youth-awards-finalists-announced-powering-our-common-future|title=commonwealth youth awards finalists announced powering our common future|work=thecommonwealth.org|date=2018-02-16}}</ref> 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, a kpọrọ Omowumi otu n'ime ndị ntorobịa 20 si gafee mba 53 nke Commonwealth, ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmepe pụrụ iche. Ọ bụ onye mmekọ nke Royal Commonwealth Society. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecable.ng/meet-the-lazy-nigerian-youths-who-absolved-the-rest-of-us-at-chogm-2018/amp|title=meet the lazy nigerian youths who absolved the rest of us at chogm 2018|work=thecable.ng|date=2022-05-03}}</ref> nyere ya otu n'ime ndị isi iri na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na kọntinent nke Africa site na Institute for Justice and Reconciliation na South Africa. Ogunrotimi <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://businessday.ng/interview/article/nigerian-government-not-doing-enough-to-ensure-justice-for-victims-of-sexual-violence-ogunrotimi/|title=nigerian government not doing enough to ensure justice for victims of sexual violence -ogunrotimi|work=businessday.ng|date=2021-05-07}}</ref> ugbu a osote onye isi nke Kọmitii Ngalaba na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na nwoke na nwanyị, African Union Economic, Social and Cultural Council (AU-ECOSOCC), Nigeria. <ref name="to">{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/jci-names-top-10-award-nominees/|title=jci names top 10 award nominees|work=thenationonlineng.net|date=2018-06-21}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://thenationonlineng.net/jci-names-top-10-award-nominees/ "jci names top 10 award nominees"]. ''thenationonlineng.net''. 2018-06-21.</cite></ref>'afọ 2018, ọ nọ na Ndepụta nke ndị na-enweta ndị ntorobịa iri pụtara ìhè n'ụwa, JCI 10 ndị ntorobịa pụtara ìhè (JCI TOYP). [1]
== Mgbalị Mgbasa Ozi ==
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/rape-case-group-lauds-busola-dakolo-for-seeking-redress-in-court/|title=rape case group lauds busola dakolo for seeking redress in court|work=theeagleonline.com.ng|date=2019-04-02}}</ref>'''Omowumi''' bụ onye guzobere Gender Mobile Initiative (GMI), nke na-akwado iwu na mmemme nke gọọmentị na ndị na-emetụta ya n'ịkwalite Ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na iwepụ ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke na nwanyị site na nkwado iwu, nkuchi teknụzụ, nyocha, nnyefe ọrụ, mmata ọha na eze, ike, ikike iwu na akụ na ụba. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/sexual-harassment-ngo-ford-foundation-partner-to-develop-app/|title=sexual harassment ngo ford foundation partner to develop app|work=thenationonlineng.net|date=2019-10-13}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://saharareporters.com/2019/08/20/nigeria-university-develop-policy-curb-sexual-harassment|title=nigeria university develop policy curb sexual harassment|work=saharareporters.com|date=2019-08-20}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2019/10/13/sexual-harassment-ngo-ford-foundation-partner-to-develop-report-application/|title=sexual harassment ngo ford foundation partner to develop report application|work=thenewsnigeria.com.ng|date=2019-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/sexual-harassment-destroying-institutions-of-learning-ngo-cries-out/5dxq0e1/|title=sexual harassment destroying institutions of learning ngo cries out|work=pulse.ng|date=2022-10-28|accessdate=2023-11-05|archivedate=2022-11-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114000607/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/sexual-harassment-destroying-institutions-of-learning-ngo-cries-out/5dxq0e1}}</ref> malitere Campus Safety Initiative, nke na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu iji dozie nsogbu mmekọahụ site na iwu ọhụrụ, ntinye aka na teknụzụ maka njikwa ikpe dị irè, nke na'ụzọ dị ukwuu na Naịjirịa tupu ugbu a.
== Nkwado ==
Omowumi Ogunrotimi, e depụtara ya maka 2018 Commonwealth Youth Programme Awards dị ka naanị onye Naịjirịa na-akwado enyemaka ya maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide 5, nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị, na Naijiria. Ihe nrite ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/nigerian-selected-as-finalist-in-commonwealth-youth-awards/|title=nigerian selected as finalist in commonwealth youth awards|work=punchng.com|date=2018-04-17}}</ref>-amata ndị ntorobịa pụtara ìhè dị afọ 15 ruo 29, ndị ọrụ na mmemme ha nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na obodo ha.
== Onyinye ==
* <ref name="to"/>: onye na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi nwoke na nwanyị site na IJR South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.redafrica.xyz/chude-jideonwo-red-co-founder-nominated-jci-ten-outstanding-young-persons-nigeria/|title=chude jideonwo red co-founder nominated jci ten outstanding young persons nigeria|work=redafrica.xyz|date=2018-04-02}}</ref><ref name="of"/><ref name="you"/>
* 2018: Onye natara onyinye Alumni nke Mandela Washington Fellowship; na
== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
q7d4zgmfxdqqswt3f9rlljtic061168
Rwanda Juliet
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{{Infobox person|name=Rwanda and Juliet|caption=Nova Scotian [
Ben Proudfoot|pronunciation=David Bolen|nationality=Movie|citizenship=Film}}
'''''Rwanda na Juliet''''' bụ ihe ngosi nke mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke onye Canada na-emepụta Ben Proudfoot.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-06|title='Rwanda & Juliet' explores struggle of post-genocide|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/-rwanda-juliet-explores-struggle-of-post-genocide--1348466|accessdate=2022-08-05|work=The East African|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Rwanda & Juliet|url=https://mubi.com/films/rwanda-juliet|language=en|access-date=2022-08-05}}</ref>
== Atụmatụ ==
Ihe nkiri ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Pela|first=Robrt L.|title=Rwanda and Juliet Sees Hutu and Tutsi Teens Through Shakespeare|url=https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/arts/rwanda-and-juliet-sees-hutu-and-tutsi-teens-through-shakespeare-8200714|accessdate=2022-08-05|work=Phoenix New Times|language=en}}</ref>-agbaso njem nke Dartmouth College prọfesọ emeritus Andrew Garrod gaa Kigali ebe ọ na-anwa itinye ụmụ nke ndị Hutu na ndị Tutsi ka ha mee ihe nkiri Shakespearean na-enwe olileanya na ọ nwere ike iduga n'ime udo ha.
== Nnakwere ==
A gbakwunyere ihe nkiri ahụ na usoro mmụta nke British Universities Film &amp; Video Council . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rwanda & Juliet · British Universities Film & Video Council|url=http://bufvc.ac.uk/shakespeare/index.php/title/av77253|accessdate=2022-08-05|work=bufvc.ac.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title="Rwanda & Juliet" Film Screening|url=https://sfi.usc.edu/events/rwanda-juliet-film-screening|accessdate=2022-08-05|work=CAGR {{!}} USC Dornsife}}</ref> gosipụtara ya na Meredith College, [1] òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ nke USC Shoah Foundation. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nicholson|first=Reah|date=2016-10-02|title=Rwanda and Juliet|url=https://www.meredith.edu/news/rwanda-and-juliet/|accessdate=2022-08-05|work=Meredith College|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-08-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805104851/https://www.meredith.edu/news/rwanda-and-juliet/}}</ref>
== Ememme na ihe ngosi ==
2016 Rwanda Film Festival<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africiné - Rwanda Film Festival - RFF 2016|url=http://africine.org/evenement/rwanda-film-festival-rff-2016/46161|accessdate=2022-08-05|work=Africiné|language=fr}}</ref>
2016 Wisconsin Film Festival<ref>{{Cite web|author=Citizen|first=Ben Rueter {{!}} Beaver Dam Daily|title=Wayland screens 'Rwanda and Juliet' documentary|url=https://www.wiscnews.com/news/local/wayland-screens-rwanda-and-juliet-documentary/article_1e1a0e65-75f8-5eb5-b64e-3808e7914799.html|accessdate=2022-08-05|work=Wiscnews.com|date=7 October 2016|language=en}}</ref>
== Onyinye ==
Ihe nkiri ahụ meriri ihe ngosi kachasị mma na 16th kwa afọ Phoenix Film Festival . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Halifax filmmaker's doc on Shakespeare in Rwanda wins big at U.S. festival|date=2016-04-13|work=[[CBC News]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806042726/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/ben-proudfoot-rwanda-and-juliet-phoenix-film-festival-1.3534475|archivedate=2022-08-06|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/ben-proudfoot-rwanda-and-juliet-phoenix-film-festival-1.3534475}}</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
ryubf9674690qx9v70j5py05wkz7e5g
Oluwatosin Demehin
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{{Databox}}
<ref>{{Cite web|author=Walsh|first=Erin|title=Rose Lavelle Gives USWNT Crucial Goal in Friendly Win vs. Nigeria|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/10047943-rose-lavelle-gives-uswnt-crucial-goal-in-friendly-win-vs-nigeria|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref>Oluwatosin Demehin (akpa 13 Maachị 2002) bụ onye egwuregwu ndị na-egwu egwu dịka onye mgbachitere . Ọ na-agba maka otu egwuregwu egwuregwu ụmụ anụmanụ
== Ọrụ ==
Ɔ gbara na FIFA U-20 iko mba ụwa <ref>{{Cite web|author=Erons|first=Imhons|date=2022-10-13|title=Official: Stade de Reims sign two Nigeria u20 Women World Cup stars – Soccernet NG|url=https://soccernet.ng/2022/10/official-stade-de-reims-sign-two-nigeria-u20-women-world-cup-stars.html|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Philip|first=Ukpe|date=2022-11-05|title=INTERVIEW: I Was Disappointed When We Were Eliminated At The World Cup– Nigeria's Stade De Reims New Signing, Demehin|url=https://thewhistler.ng/interview-i-was-disappointed-when-we-were-eliminated-at-the-world-cup-nigerias-stade-de-reims-new-signing-demehin/|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=The Whistler Newspaper|language=en-GB}}</ref>
Ọ gbara maka Rivers Angels . [1] Ọ na-egwu Stade de Reims<ref>{{Cite web|author=Dairo|first=Fisayo|date=2022-10-14|title=Super Falcons stars Imuran, Demehin set for Reims debut|url=https://www.aclsports.com/super-falcons-stars-imuran-demehin-set-for-reims-debut/|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB|archivedate=2023-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401184339/https://www.aclsports.com/super-falcons-stars-imuran-demehin-set-for-reims-debut/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Agberebi|first=James|date=2022-10-14|title=Falconets Stars Demehin, Imuran Join French Club Stade de Reims|url=https://www.completesports.com/falconets-stars-demehin-imuran-join-french-club-stade-de-reims/|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=Complete Sports|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Oyebola|first=Mike|date=2022-10-13|title=Transfer: French club, Stade Reims sign Falconets duo|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/10/13/transfer-french-club-stade-reims-sign-falconets-duo/|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Alao|first=Seyi|date=2022-10-14|title=Falconets star Tosin Demehin happy to join French side Stade Reims|url=https://www.brila.net/falconets-star-tosin-demehin-happy-to-join-french-side-stade-reims/|accessdate=2023-04-01|work=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401185057/https://www.brila.net/falconets-star-tosin-demehin-happy-to-join-french-side-stade-reims/}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ryan Dabbs|date=2023-06-14|title=Nigeria Women's World Cup 2023 squad: most recent call ups|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/nigeria-women-world-cup-2023-squad-team-roster-players|accessdate=2023-06-20|work=fourfourtwo.com|language=en}}</ref>Na 16 June 2023, imere ya na ndị otu egwuregwu Nigeria 23 maka ihe iko mba ụwa nke FIFA 2023
== Ntụaka ==
<references />
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
ea4ftvs2q1qxrek80lj8tic26u403x2
Odile Tetero
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'''Odile Tetero''' (amụrụ ya na ubochi 24 n’onwa Febụwarị n’afo 1998) <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="38" href="./Basketball" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Basketball">basketball 1998 t072"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-FIBA.basketball_1998_t072-2","html":"<nowiki><span typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;cite web &quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Cite_web&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Odile TETERO at the FIBA Women's AfroBasket 2023&quot;},&quot;website&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;FIBA.basketball&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1998-02-24&quot;},&quot;url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/player/Odile-Tetero&quot;},&quot;access-date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2024-03-18&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwLQ\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt13\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwLg\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/player/Odile-Tetero\" id=\"mwLw\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Odile TETERO at the FIBA Women's AfroBasket 2023\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-FIBA.basketball_1998_t072_2-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Odile_Tetero#cite_note-FIBA.basketball_1998_t072-2 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[1]</nowiki></span>]</sup> bụ onye Obodo Rwanda na-egwu egwu basketball nke na-agba maka Rwandan Women's Basketball National Team.A kpọrọ ya onye egwuregwu kacha baa uru na afo 2022/2023 Rwanda Basketball League (RBL) playoffs. <ref name="Munyeshuri 2023 h734">{{Cite web|author=Munyeshuri|first=Evode|title=Odile Tetero Scores 30 Points To Give APR WBBC A 2-1 Series Lead.|work=Ground Sports|date=2023-09-10|url=https://ground-sports.com/odile-tetero-scores-30-points-to-give-apr-wbbc-a-2-1-series-lead/|accessdate=2024-03-18|archivedate=2024-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318112135/https://ground-sports.com/odile-tetero-scores-30-points-to-give-apr-wbbc-a-2-1-series-lead/}}</ref> nwetara nkwado dịka otu n'ime ndị nche kacha mma na egwuregwu basketball nke obodo Rwanda.
== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Odile na Karongi District, Western Province, di Na Obodo Rwanda. Njem agụmakwụkwọ ya malitere na Karongi ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Gatwaro Primary School tupu ọ gaa Koleeji St Marie . Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ọ debanyere aha na Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare Scolaire (GSOB).
Site na-afo 2016 ruo 2021, ọ gụrụ Anesthesiology na Mahadum nke Rwanda . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ahụike ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ nke Nyarugenge.
== Ọrụ ==
Odile malitere ịgba bọọlụ n'oge ọ malitere ọrụ tupu ọ banye na egwuregwu basketball n'afọ 2010.Onye nkuzi Jovithe Kabarere chọpụtara ya mgbe ọ na-egwu egwu basketball n'ogige ma gbaa ya ume. Nke a gara n'ihu ka ọ sonyeere Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare, ebe onye nkuzi Charles Mushumba ghọtara nkà ya n'oge asọmpi. Nke a mere ka o sonye na egwuregwu nke Federation of East Africa Secondary School Sports (FEASSA). <ref name="Sikubwabo 2024 y660">{{Cite web|author=Sikubwabo|first=Damas|title=Odile Tetero: Rwandan medic starring on the basketball scene|work=The New Times|date=2024-01-17|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/13812/sports/basketball/odile-tetero-rwandan-medic-starring-on-the-basketball-scene|accessdate=2024-03-18}}</ref>
N'afọ 2019, o mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa n'oge Afrobasket qualifiers na Uganda Ọ sonyeere REG Women's basketball na 2021 ebe o nyere aka na mmeri mbụ nke otu ahụ.
N'afọ 2022, ọ sonyeere APR basketball na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ, ndị otu ahụ nwetara asọmpi ahụ n'afọ 2023 wee nweta aha MVP na mgbachapu.
== Edensibia ==
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
2tz4v3b11152tr45jvt0jldvw2kxdjy
Okporo ụzọ Mba Nile
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{{Databox}}
[[Usòrò:Crossroads_International_Logo.png|thumb| Crossroad International Logo]]
'''Crossroads International''' bụ ọgbakọ mmepe mba ofesi Canada dabere na Toronto na Montréal . Ego site n'aka Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/home|title=Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development|publisher=Acdi-cida.gc.ca|date=2013-09-01|accessdate=2013-09-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619213041/http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/home|archivedate=2013-06-19}}</ref> Crossroads bụ nke a raara nye ịkwalite ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na ibelata ịda ogbenye na West Africa, South Africa, na [[Bolivia]] .
== Ozi na ụkpụrụ ==
Crossroads International na-arụ ọrụ iji mepụta ụwa ziri ezi na nke na-adịgide adịgide site na itinye aka na ịkwado ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, òtù dị iche iche na obodo site na mmụta, ịdị n'otu na imekọ ihe ọnụ. Ozi ahụ na-aga n'ihu n'ọhụụ bụ isi na mbọ Crossroads International, ''Otu ụwa ebe a na-ekpochapụ ịda ogbenye, ịha nhatanha na-emeri ma mezuo ikike nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cintl.org/page.aspx?pid=384|title=Mission, Vision Values - Crossroads International - Carrefour International|publisher=Cintl.org|date=2013-07-09|accessdate=2013-09-08}}</ref> Crossroads International kwenyere na ụmụ amaala na-arụsi ọrụ ike, nha nha nha na ịdị iche iche, ịdị n'otu n'etiti North na South, ihe ọhụrụ na mmụta, yana nghọta na nkọwa.
== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Crossroads International, nke e hiwere na mbụ n'okpuru aha ''Operation Crossroads Africa'', tọrọ ntọala na 1958 site n'aka onye nkwusa America bụ James Herman Robinson, bụ onye kwalitere ọhụụ ya nke ''Otu Ụwa'' . O kwenyere na ndị mmadụ na-adịkarị ka ndị dị iche, na site na ibi ndụ na ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ anyị nwere ike ịmepụta ụzọ dị iche iche nke omenala na ahụmahụ onwe onye nke na-emecha na-akwado mgbanwe dị mma nke onye ọ bụla na nke ọha mmadụ. <ref>ROBINSON, James H. ''Tomorrow is Today'' 1994</ref> N'ihe gbasara otu ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na United States, echiche ọhụrụ na nsonye nke Robinson na-agba ume imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti ndị isi ojii na ndị ọcha Canada, ndị America na ndị Africa na ọrụ mmepe dọtara ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo. Otu a ka Peter Parris si bụrụ ''onye Crossroader'' mbụ ga-aga mba ofesi mgbe o wepụtara onwe ya na [[Naijiria]] na 1958.
Ọnụọgụ nke iwu mụbara ngwa ngwa. Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iri gara mba ọzọ na 1960 ma ka ọ na-erule 1969, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo 257 ekerewo òkè n'ihe omume esenidụt. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amistadresearchcenter.org/archon/?p=creators/creator&id=288|title=Robinson, James Herman (1907-1972)|publisher=Amistad Research Center|accessdate=2013-09-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928030338/http://www.amistadresearchcenter.org/archon/?p=creators%2Fcreator&id=288|archivedate=2013-09-28}}</ref> Na 1969, e nyere ''Canadian Crossroads International'' akwụkwọ ikike dị ka òtù ọrụ ebere, dị iche na ''Operation Crossroads Africa'', na nke mbụ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na mba ndị na-abụghị mpaghara Africa. N'otu afọ ahụ, e hiwere alaka francophone na Montreal, bụ́ nke na-ahụ maka itinye ya na mba Africa ndị na-asụ French. Na 1971, Crossroads malitere ''mmemme To-Canada'', na-ebute ndị sonyere Africa na [[Kánada|Canada]] . Nke a sochiri ''mmemme Interflow'', mmemme mgbanwe South-South ọhụrụ. Na 2011, a nakweere aha nzukọ ugbu a, ''Crossroads International'', iji gosi n'ezie ọdịdị mba ụwa nke ọrụ ya.
== Ụbọchị ugbu a ==
Ruo ugbu a, Crossroads International ahaziri ihe karịrị ọrụ afọ ofufo 8,000. Dabere na Toronto na Montréal, Crossroads na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na ndị mmekọ na West Africa, South Africa na [[South Amerika|South America]] ( [[Bolivia]] ). Crossroads International dị na mba asatọ, nwere ihe karịrị ọrụ 25 na ndị mmekọ. Ịkwalite ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na ilekwasị anya na mbelata ịda ogbenye na ibi ndụ na-adịgide adịgide bụ isi na mmemme Crossroads International. Crossroads International bụ onye otu ''Association québécoise des organismes de coopération international (AQOCI)'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aqoci.qc.ca/spip.php?rubrique82|title=Répertoire des membres - Association québécoise des organismes de coopération internationale|publisher=AQOCI|date=|accessdate=2013-09-08}}</ref> Crossroads International na-ekerekwa òkè na mmemme nke Ministry of International Relations ' ''Québec sans frontières (QSF)'', na-ekwe ka ndị na-eto eto si Quebec sonye na ahụmahụ mmekọrịta mba ụwa na mba ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aqoci.qc.ca/spip.php?rubrique72|title=Québec Sans Frontières (QSF) - Association québécoise des organismes de coopération internationale|publisher=AQOCI|date=|accessdate=2013-09-08}}</ref>
Ụdị nke Crossroads nke imekọ ihe ọnụ afọ ofufo enyela ọtụtụ ahụmahụ echefu echefu na ụgwọ ọrụ maka ''Crossroaders'', gụnyere onye edemede Lawrence Hill . N'afọ a, Hill meriri n'asọmpi Combat des Livres Radio-Canada maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya ''Akwụkwọ nke Negroes'', bụ nke sitere na afọ ọrụ ya na Crossroads International na Western Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/emissions/plus_on_est_de_fous_plus_on_lit/2012-2013/combat_livre4.asp|title=Livre | Combat des livres | Plus on est de fous, plus on lit! | ICI Radio-Canada Première|publisher=Radio-canada.ca|date=2000-09-01|accessdate=2013-09-08}}</ref> Yana ''Crossroaders'', [[Ann McCain Evans]] malitere na 1976 mgbe o wepụtara onwe ya na Crossroads na ntinye na Etiopia. Mgbe ahụ, ọ bụụrụ onye enyemaka pụrụ iche nye Hon. Gerald Regan na Ottawa site na 1981 ruo 1984 wee rụọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ nkata onyinye nke ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Ọzọkwa, Lyse Doucet bụ onye isi ihe ngosi na onye nta akụkọ maka ''BBC World TV'' na ''BBC World Service redio'' . A na-ebunyekarị ya ka ọ kwado akụkọ akụkọ pụrụ iche sitere n'ubi, gụnyere nnukwu ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha. Ahụmahụ mbụ ya na mba ofesi bụ Crossroads International, mgbe o wepụtara onwe ya na Côte d'Ivoire na 1982. Audrey McLaughlin wepụtara onwe ya na Barbados na Crossroads International na 1986. Mgbe ahụ a họpụtara ya na House of Commons maka Yukon dị ka onye so na New Democratic Party na ntuli aka ime obodo na 1987 wee họpụta ya na ntuli aka izugbe nke 1988 na 1993. N'ịbụ onye ahọpụtara dị ka onye ndu nke otu ahụ na Disemba 2, 1989, McLaughlin ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ ga-edu otu nnukwu pati gọọmenti etiti na Canada. O duuru pati ahụ afọ isii sochirinụ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://cintl.org/who-we-are/honorary-patrons/|title=Honorary Patrons|work=Crossroads International|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-05}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20240224160522/https://cintl.org/who-we-are/honorary-patrons/ "Honorary Patrons"]. ''Crossroads International''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-05</span></span>.</cite></ref>
Senator Donald H. Oliver gara mba ofesi na Crossroads na 1962, na-emecha ntinye na Etiopia. Mgbe a kpọchara ya na Bar na [[Nova Scotia]], Senator Oliver wuru omume na-aga nke ọma dị ka onye na-ekpe ikpe obodo ma kụziere iwu na ọtụtụ mahadum. Mgbe e mesịrị, dị ka onye a na-asọpụrụ nke ukwuu nke Conservative Caucus na onyeisi oche nke ''Senate Standing Committees'', o nwere ọganihu ọha amụma na mpaghara sitere na ego, ugbo, ọhịa, nkwurịta okwu na ụgbọ njem na bank, ahia, azụmahịa, ikike mmadụ na ọrụ nha anya. Ọzọkwa dị ka ''Crossroaders'', Dr. [[Peter Parris]] bụ onye Canada mbụ gara esenidụt na Operation Crossroads Africa, wepụtara onwe ya na Nigeria na 1958. Ọ bụ ugbu a Prọfesọ Emeritus na Princeton Theological Seminary. Ọ bụbu onye isi oche nke Society for the Study of Black Religion, American Academy of Religion, na Society of Christian Ethics . Paris bụ onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke usoro ''okpukpe, agbụrụ, na agbụrụ nke'' New York, onye nchịkọta akụkọ izugbe nke ''History of the Riverside Church'' na [[New York City]], ma na-eje ozi na bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ. J. Robert S. Prichard bụ onyeisi oche nke Torys, ụlọ ọrụ iwu azụmahịa mba ụwa nke a na-akwanyere ùgwù nke ukwuu. Ọ bụkwa Onye isi ala Emeritus nke Mahadum Toronto ebe ọ na-arụbu ọrụ dịka onye isi iwu na dịka prọfesọ ọkachamara na iwu na akụnụba. Ọ bụ onye ọrụ nke Order of Canada, ''onye otu Order of Ontario'' na onye otu ''Royal Society of Canada'' . Maazị Prichard wepụtara onwe ya na Crossroads International na Zambia na 1969. N'ikpeazụ, [[Betty Plewes]] ejirila ọtụtụ ọrụ ya rụọ ọrụ na nkwado mba ụwa. N'ịgbaso ọtụtụ ọrụ afọ ofufo n'ọtụtụ mba Africa, ọ rụzuru ọrụ nchịkwa dị iche iche na CUSO . Plewes na Crossroads International na-emekọrịta ihe kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ; Nke mbụ dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo na 1964 (Ethiopia) na 1968 (Liberia). A họpụtara ya Secretary Executive na 1968. Mgbe ahụ, na 2004 ọ sonyeere Board ma ọ bụ ndị nduzi na-eje ozi okwu atọ na-agwụ na 2010. <ref name=":0" />{{Cite web|url=https://cintl.org/who-we-are/honorary-patrons/|title=Honorary Patrons|work=Crossroads International|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-05|archivedate=2019-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605073311/https://cintl.org/who-we-are/honorary-patrons/}}</ref>
== Edensibia ==
na-aga n'ihu n'ọhụụ bụ isi na mbọ Crossroads International, Otu ụwa ebe a na-ekpochapụ ịda ogbenye, ịha nhatanha na-emeri ma mezuo ikike nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ . Crossroads International kwenyerena-aga n'ihu n'ọhụụ bụ isi na mbọ Crossroads International, ''Otu ụwa ebe a na-ekpochapụ ịda ogbenye, ịha nhatanha na-emeri ma mezuo ikike nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cintl.org/page.aspx?pid=384|title=Mission, Vision Values - Crossroads International - Carrefour International|publisher=Cintl.org|date=2013-07-09|accessdate=2013-09-08|archivedate=2013-09-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906010812/http://cintl.org/page.aspx?pid=384}}</ref> Crossroads International kwenyere{{Reflist}}
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Ntọala Nuffield
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Nuffield Foundation bụ ịhụnanya obi ebere hibere na 1943 site n'aka William Morris, Lord Nuffield, onye nwunye Morris Motors Ltd. Ọ na-achọ ime ka ọnọdụ nsogbu na eze arịa mma site n'ịkwanye ego nyọkọ ọrụ na ọrụ na onye nkwado ụmụ mmadụ na ibe ya, na ike nchagha na iji nyere aka. Onye isi ya ugbu a bụ Tim Gardam
Ego Foundation a na-enweta sitere na mmasị na ntinye ego ya na ọ na-emefu ihe dị ka nde £10 na ọrụ ebere kwa afọ. Ọ bụ n'ụzọ ego na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma na-achịkwa ya site n'aka otu ndị nlekọta na-ezukọ ugboro anọ n'afọ.
Ntọala ahụ na-enye onyinye maka nyocha na ọrụ ọhụrụ nke na-achọ imeziwanye nhazi na ọrụ nke amụma ọha, karịsịa na:
* Agụmakwụkwọ
* Ọdịmma
* Ikpe ziri ezi
Ọ kwụsịrị mmemme Open Door ya, mana ọ na-agbasi mbọ ike na-agba ume ụzọ mbụ na nke na-akpali echiche maka nyocha nke na-achọpụta ajụjụ ọhụrụ ma gbanwee usoro nke arụmụka ahụ.
Ntọala ahụ na-akwadokwa mmemme emebere iji kwalite ikike nyocha na sayensị na sayensị ọha. Kwa afọ ọ na-akwado ihe karịrị 1,000 Nuffield Research Placements iji nye aka na ahụmịhe nyocha nye ndị dị afọ 16 na 17 na-amụ isiokwu STEM. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/Funding/Public-engagement/Engagement-with-your-research/Support-and-resources/Schools-and-young-people/index.htm|title=Communicating your research to young people| Wellcome Trust|publisher=Wellcome.ac.uk|accessdate=2015-11-08|archivedate=2015-09-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906070734/http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/Funding/Public-engagement/Engagement-with-your-research/Support-and-resources/Schools-and-young-people/index.htm}}</ref>
Site na ESRC na HEFCE ọ na-akwụ ụgwọ Q-Step, mmemme nde £ 19.5 emebere iji kwalite mgbanwe mgbanwe n'usoro ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ maka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-agụsị akwụkwọ na UK. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hefce.ac.uk/news/newsarchive/2013/Name,93954,en.html|title=2013 - Higher Education Funding Council for England|publisher=Hefce.ac.uk|date=2013-10-02|accessdate=2015-11-08|archivedate=2015-09-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910084848/http://www.hefce.ac.uk/news/newsarchive/2013/Name,93954,en.html}}</ref>
Ntọala ahụ enyela aka na nlekọta ahụike na nyocha ahụike. O nwere ego dị iche iche maka itinye ego na nyocha ọrịa rheumatic. Captain Oliver Bird nyere nke a n'aka na 1948. N'ime afọ 10 na-esote, Oliver Bird Fund ga-arara ihe ruru £ 12.5m na nyocha n'ime ọnọdụ anụ ahụ (MSK).[1] O nwekwara obere ego raara onwe ya nye maka ime ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti UK na mba ndị ọzọ Commonwealth.
== Enyemaka ahọpụtara ==
<ref>{{Cite book|first=Ronald W.|author=Clark|authorlink=Ronald W. Clark|title=A Biography of the Nuffield Foundation|url=https://archive.org/details/biographyofnuffi0000clar|location=London|publisher=Longman|year=1972|isbn=9780582364875|pages=[https://archive.org/details/biographyofnuffi0000clar/page/168 168]–73}}</ref>N'afọ 1951, e tinye akwụkwọ ozi obi ka ọ "ọganihu njikọ" dịka ebumnobi nke ntọala ahụ. Nke a dugara na Nuffield Science Teaching Project na 1960s
<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1963|title=Medical Social Work, Volume 15|journal=Medical Social Work|volume=15}}</ref>N'afọ 1960, ntọala ahụ nyere ihe ndị ọrụ dị n'abọgwụ onyinye ọtụtụ awụ maka njirisi, na ihe ọkpụkpụ mgbe ụfọdụ, iji guzobe mkpokọta nka na-adịgide adịgide maka ndụ ụlọ na London
N'afọ 2006, ya na Institute for Fiscal Studies, Nuffield Foundation ግብዣ maka ngbanwe usoro ụtụ isi nke Britain. [1] Onye isi oru nchacha a bu onye nturu ugo Nobel Sir James Mirrlees
Na 2015, Nuffield Foundation nwere ike na Data, ozi n'efu iji kesaa nsogbu mmadụ na ọha mmadụ. [1] A na-eji akwụkwọ a na-ahụ ihe n'ọtụtụ mahadum na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi nke ogologo oge maka ụwa ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ourworldindata.org/media-coverage/|title=Media Coverage of OurWorldInData.org — Our World in Data|publisher=Ourworldindata.org|date=2015-07-01|accessdate=2015-11-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104060054/http://ourworldindata.org/media-coverage/|archivedate=4 November 2015}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news|title=From ethics to accountability, this is how AI will suck less in 2019|language=en-GB|work=Wired UK|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/artificial-intelligence-2019-predictions|accessdate=2021-08-12}}</ref>Na 2018, Foundation ahụ ahụ Ada Lovelace Institute [1] iji ihe gbasara mgbasa nke nnukwu data welitere, algọridim na ụfọdụ isi .
Na 2019, Foundation ahụ nsogbu dị ukwuu nke akara ahaghị nhata [1] nke Prọfesọ Sir Angus Deaton na-achị, na £ 15m Strategic Fund maka ngwaọrụ, ọrụ ihe nke ga-edozi ụfọdụ n'ime nsogbu ndị dị mkpa na- eche ọha mmadụ UK ihu na ụgwọ nsogbu na eze. n'ime afọ iri na-arọ. [2] Onyinye site na Strategic Fund:
* Ajụjụ Economy 2030: Ịgagharị afọ iri nke mgbanwe <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.resolutionfoundation.org/press-releases/uk-facing-a-decisive-decade-of-change-that-the-country-is-neither-used-to-nor-prepared-for/|title=UK facing a ‘decisive decade’ of change that the country is neither used to, nor prepared for • Resolution Foundation}}</ref>
* Nkà ndị dị mkpa 2035: Nkà ndị dị mkpa maka ndị ọrụ echi <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tes.com/news/research-ps43m-funding-shape-future-skills|title=Research: £4.3m funding to shape the future of skills|work=Tes}}</ref>
* Ọdịnihu nke Ọrụ na ọdịmma: Nyocha Pissarides <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/news/4-3-million-research-to-shape-future-of-work-and-skills|title=£4.3 million for research to help shape the future of work and skills|date=23 June 2021}}</ref>
* Data na olu iji kwalite ndụ ụmụaka <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cypnow.co.uk/news/article/project-to-improve-sharing-of-social-care-data-receives-2-8m-grant|title=Project to improve sharing of social care data receives £2.8m grant|work=CYP Now}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Nuffield Council na Bioethics
== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* Official website
* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/searchResults.asp?name=nuffield&subjectType=O&submit.x=0&submit.y=0 Records relating to projects carried out with grants from the Nuffield Foundation] at the National Archives
*
{{authority control}}
[[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]]
872fluzfd68e39x2cgpynqkottuqwi7
Olisa Ndah
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''' Olisa Harold Ndah''' (amụrụ ya na 21 Jenụwarị 1998) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ, ọ bụkwa ya na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu South African Premier Division Orlando Pirates na ndị otu mba Naijiria. [1][2] (amụrụ ya na 21 Jenụwarị 1998) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu South African Premier Division Orlando Pirates na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://akwaunitedfc.com/2021/01/29/npfl-we-have-to-make-it-count-__olisa-ndah/|title=NPFL: WE HAVE TO MAKE IT COUNT __OLISA NDAH|date=29 January 2021|publisher=akwaunitedfc.com|accessdate=2 March 2021|archivedate=4 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304095302/https://akwaunitedfc.com/2021/01/29/npfl-we-have-to-make-it-count-__olisa-ndah/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://npfl.ng/ndah-wants-more-goals-conversion-as-akwa-united-hosts-pillars/|title=Ndah Wants More Goals Conversion As Akwa United Hosts Pillars|date=29 January 2021|publisher=npfl.ng|accessdate=2 March 2021|archivedate=6 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106214852/https://npfl.ng/ndah-wants-more-goals-conversion-as-akwa-united-hosts-pillars/}}</ref>
== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ndah sonyeere otu egwuregwu Nigeria Premier League n' akụkụ Remo Stars n'oge 2018-19 na nkwekọrịta kọntrati afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/olisa-ndah/344850/|title=Olisa Ndah|publisher=globalsportsarchive.com|accessdate=2 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.today.ng/sport/football/dream-team-invitation-excites-remo-stars-olisa-ndah-195427|title=Dream Team invitation excites Remo Stars' Olisa Ndah|date=15 February 2019|publisher=today.ng|accessdate=2 March 2021}}</ref> Na 25 Jenụwarị 2020, Akwa United kwupụtara nnweta nke Ndah na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://akwaunitedfc.com/2020/01/25/akwa-utd-bolster-squad-with-six-new-signings/|title=Akwa Utd Bolster Squad With Six New Signings|date=25 January 2020|publisher=akwaunitedfc.com|accessdate=2 March 2021|archivedate=7 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207174649/https://akwaunitedfc.com/2020/01/25/akwa-utd-bolster-squad-with-six-new-signings/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/akwa-united-signs-chan-eagles-defender-olisa-ndah/|title=Akwa United signs CHAN Eagles defender Olisa Ndah|date=26 January 2020|publisher=brila.net|accessdate=2 March 2021|archivedate=2 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502041452/http://www.brila.net/akwa-united-signs-chan-eagles-defender-olisa-ndah/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sofascore.com/player/olisa-harold-ndah/1006441|title=Olisa Harold Ndah|publisher=sofascore.com|accessdate=2 March 2021}}</ref>
Ndah meriri na Akwa United na Nigerian Professional Football league title, ọlaọcha mbụ ya na klọb ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Akwa United Wins 2020/2021 NPFL Title|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2021/08/01/breaking-akwa-united-wins-2020-2021-npfl-title/|accessdate=2021-12-26|work=Channels Television}}</ref>
N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2021, a mara ọkwa ya dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ ọhụrụ nke Orlando Pirates.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peprah and Ndah: Orlando Pirates confirm signing of Ghana and Nigeria internationals {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-bh/news/peprah-and-ndah-orlando-pirates-confirm-signing-of-ghana-and/fady8zd0wk4z17lvkqen48fed|accessdate=2021-08-26|work=www.goal.com}}</ref>
== Mba Nile ==
Ndah nọchitere anya Naịjirịa U23 na 2019 Africa U-23 Cup of Nations na Egypt. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scorenigeria.com.ng/nigeria-name-final-squad-for-u23-afcon-sunusi-ibrahim-leads-npfl-stars/|title=Nigeria name final squad for U23 AFCON, Sunusi Ibrahim leads NPFL stars – Score Nigeria|accessdate=2024-04-30|archivedate=2019-12-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216175236/https://scorenigeria.com.ng/nigeria-name-final-squad-for-u23-afcon-sunusi-ibrahim-leads-npfl-stars/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/11/u23-afcon-dele-bashiru-and-awoniyi-lead-nigeria-squad/|title=U23 AFCON: Dele-Bashiru and Awoniyi lead Nigeria squad|date=November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50362179?intlink_from_url=|title=Ivory Coast shock Nigeria in U23 Group B opener|work=BBC Sport}}</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* Olisa Ndahna National-Football-Teams.com
* Olisa Ndahna Global Sports Archive
{{Orlando Pirates squad}}{{Nigeria squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
nllds87b0fpej0kovx941muwxlu4tbf
Rigaud Benoit
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Rigaud Benoit (1911–1986) abụrụla otu n'ime ndị nka atọ ma ọ bụ anọ kacha ewu na Haiti nke ọma tupu ọ malite.
== Ndụ mbido ==
N'ịbụ onye Port-au-Prince, Benoit bụbu onye na-akpụ akpụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ, onye na-egwu egwu, na onye ụgbọ ala tupu ya ebie ndụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe. O mejuwokwa ego ọ na-enweta site n'esere mbụ ite ihe ndị ọ na-adịke dere aka ma ọ bụ kweta
== Ọrụ ==
Benoit bụ onye mbụ so n'òtù ọrụ nka Haiti nke a maara dị ka Naive Art, nke a na-akpọ n'ihi oke ike nke ndị òtù ya. Ndị ọrụ Centre d'Art bụ nke ndị American Quaker na Agha mgbaàmà nke echiche nke na 1944, bụ onye ili amị ọrụ akọnuche ya, bụ́ Dewitt Peters, hiwere ma kwalite nke mbụ.
Dị ka a na-emekarị ugboro ugboro, Benoit na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Peters na 1944 mgbe ọrụ ụfọdụ ọrụ mbụ e na Center d'Art. O ahia na ya nwere ike ime yana nke ọ ALA n'ime ndị na-ese ihe ngosi. N'oge ndụ Benoit gọrọ agogọ ahụ, na-ekwusi ike na ọ gara na Center ahụ n'ihi ihe ihe tupu o Peters ọrụ mbụ ya. E nọmba ya, na-enye akaụntụ ahụ, na Krik? Krak! ( Tales of a Nightmare ), ihe ngosi VHS nke Jac Avila na Vanyoska Gee (VHS, nsogbu 78. Chicago: Facets Video, 1997).
Otú ọ dị, ọ ihe, ihe osise ya ngwa ngwa ozi otu n'ime ihe ndị Haiti na-achọsi ike. Mgbe ahụ, na ọhụrụ 1950s Benoit bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na-achọ ka ha pụta mma n'ime ime Katidral nke Sainte Trinité ; nnukwu ya, ike, guzo n’elu ebe àjà dị elu. ( Achịbishọp akpata —n'akwa ụta ya sochirinụ—napụrụ ikike ka “ndị Haiti” ka ha pụta Katidral Roman mma. tiri mkpu “Ekele Chineke ọchịchị!, ha na-ese ndị Haiti.”) Katidral ahụ na ọtụtụ ihe ọrụ ya ka ebibiri kpamkpam na Jenụwarị 2010 ala ọma jijiji
Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ Benoit mechara bụrụ eziokwu, ọ bụ ebe ahụ na-ahụ na-ahụ ihe nkiri nke ndụ Haiti - ihe nkiri nkiri - ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.
Benoit ndidi nwa enyi ya, onye mgbaàmà ifo Hector Hyppolite, onye mbụ na-ese ihe na Haiti na-enweta mmetụta mba ụwa - ma bụrụ onye kacha mara amara - na ire nka ụwa. Ha ụmụ anọ. Atɔ n'ime ha - Yves Lafontant na Jacques Dorce, ha abụọ nakweere, na Rigaud Benoit, fils - bụkwa ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. (Benoit fils bi na New York, nwanne ya njikọ na Montreal.)
A na-eji ọrụ Benoit mara nkenke nke ọma, agba agba (tụnyere ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe na Haiti n'wax akwụkwọ Northern ma ọ bụ Cap-Haïtien ), na mgbe mgbe - na ngwaọrụ ya - ihe ọchị. Ihe osise ya na - egosikarị ihe nkiri voodoo ma ọ bụ chi lwas . (Haïti bụ, ka okwu ahụ na-ekwu, “pasent 80 nke ndị edemede na 100 Vodou.
Benoit na-arụ ọrụ nwayọọ nwayọọ - na-abụkarị ihe na-erughị ọkara otu iri na abuo kwa afọ. Mgbe ihe mberede ụgbọ ala dị nso na-egbu ya na mbido 1980, mmepụta ya gbadara n'ihu. O nwere, n'oge ahụ, nwetatụ ego nchebe: o nwere ụlọ dị mma na mpụga isi obodo Haiti.
== Ntụaka ==
* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Art Haïtian [http://www.artshaitian.com/Pages/haitianartbenoit.html]
* Nchịkọta Ned Hopkins nke Art Haiti [https://web.archive.org/web/20060426114519/http://www.haitianarthopkins.com/benoit.htm]
*
jqdk819fjd35la1ihit7m57sfabykrl
Opal J. Moore
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{{Databox}}
{{Infobox person|name=Opal J. Moore|birth_date={{birth year and age|1953}}|birth_place=Chicago, Illinois, U.S.|nationality=|citizenship=United States|education=[[Illinois Wesleyan University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[University of Iowa]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])<br>[[Iowa Writers' Workshop]] ([[Master of Fine Arts|MFA]])|occupation=Writer, professor|employer=Spelman College|notable_works=|awards=Fulbright Scholarship}}
'''Opal J. Moore''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1953) bụ onye Africa-America na-ede uri, onye edemede akụkọ mkpirikpi, na prọfesọ.
== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Moore na Chicago, Illinois, n'afọ 1953. <ref name="conciseOxfordAALit">{{Cite book|author=Dance|first=Daryl Cumber|title=The Concise Oxford Companion to African American Literature|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=9780195138832|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100208122|accessdate=August 6, 2022|language=en}}</ref> Moore nwetara BFA na Mahadum Illinois Wesleyan na 1974, MA na nka mara mma na Mahadum nke Iowa School of Art na 1981, na MFA site na Iowa Writers' Workshop na 1982.
Ọ kụziri na Mahadum Virginia Commonwealth, Mahadum Kassel, na Mahadim Radford . <ref name="encyAAWomenWriters">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African American Women Writers|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofaf0002unse_l5v0|date=2007|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn.|isbn=9780313334290}}</ref> E nyere ya Fulbright Scholarship na 1993 ma kụzie Akwụkwọ ndị Africa na America na Mahadum Mainz na Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Institute Faculty {{!}} Don't Deny My Voice|url=https://dontdeny.ku.edu/institute/faculty.shtml|work=dontdeny.ku.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Opal Moore {{!}} Fulbright Scholar Program|url=https://fulbrightscholars.org/grantee/opal-moore|work=[[Fulbright Program]]}}</ref> N'afọ 1997, ọ sonyeere ngalaba nke Spelman College na Ngalaba Bekee.<ref name="conciseOxfordAALit"/> N'oge ọ nọ na Spelman, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche ngalaba. [1] <ref>{{Cite news|title=Inside Spelman|url=https://issuu.com/spelmancollege/docs/5035_spelman_inside_f02|accessdate=August 7, 2022|publisher=Spelman College|date=2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Opal Moore|url=https://thirdworldpressfoundation.org/opal-moore/|work=Third World Press Foundation & Bookstore|accessdate=August 7, 2022|date=June 17, 2018|archivedate=August 7, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807004223/https://thirdworldpressfoundation.org/opal-moore/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Faculty|url=https://sites.spelman.edu/honorsprogram/faculty/|work=Spelman College|accessdate=August 7, 2022|archivedate=January 28, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128125421/https://sites.spelman.edu/honorsprogram/faculty/}}</ref> Furious Flower Poetry Center gosipụtara ma debe ọrụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Opal Moore|url=https://furiousflower.org/opal-moore/|work=Furious Flower Archive|accessdate=August 7, 2022}}</ref> Moore bụ onye otu The Wintergreen Women Writers Collective . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241126233627/https://wintergreenwomenwriterscollective.com/ "The Wintergreen Women Writers Collective"].</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
=== Nkatọ nke akwụkwọ ===
* "Nkọwapụta nka nke uri" The Cambridge History of African American Literature (2011)
=== Abụ uri ===
* "Ịtọhapụ onwe anyị n'akụkọ ihe mere eme: Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ohu", "A poem: For free" Obsidian II (1988)
* "Ụlọ ọrụ nne" ''Callaloo'' (1996)
* ''Ụmụ nwanyị Lọt'' (2004)
* "Eulogy for Sister", "The Taste of Life Going On" Furious Flower: African American Poetry from the Black Arts Movement to the Present (2004)
* "Suite maka Trayvon" Boston Review (2020)
=== Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi ===
* "The Odyssey: (Looking For The Hall Of Fame) " Obsidian II (1989)
* "The Fence" African American Review (1995)
== Edensibia ==
.
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
cqkfzkys3zhek03iymdcfbwvedo3b3f
Stacey Tyrell
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{| class="infobox biography vcard"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Stacey Tyrell</div>
|- class="infobox-data"
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Amụrụ
| class="infobox-data" |<div class="birthplace" style="display:inline"> [[Toronto]], Ontario</div>
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Agụmakwụkwọ
| class="infobox-data" | [[OCAD University|Mahadum OCAD]]
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Mara maka
| class="infobox-data" | Onye na-ese foto
|-
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Weebụsaịtị
| class="infobox-data" | http://www.staceytyrell.com
|}
Stacey Tyrell bụ onye na-ese foto Canada nke bi ugbu a na Brooklyn . Ọrụ ya na-emetụta nsogbu nke ihe, ụdị na ihe nketa dịka ọ gbasara nsogbu ndị dị iche na ndị obodo Caribbean . [1] ekiri nke ihe nketa Tyrell bụ nke isiokwu na mbata na ike; [2] ọ gbanyere ụzọ ọgwụgwọ ya na Caribbean nke Nevis.
A maara Tyrell maka usoro foto ''Backra Bluid'', nke na-achọ "ịgbasa mkparịta ụka banyere ihe ọ pụtara ịbụ Black." <ref>{{Cite web|title=Stacey Tyrell's self-portraits explore the nuances of race.|url=http://www.americanphotomag.com/stacey-tyrells-self-portaits-explore-nuances-race}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/trending/black-canadian-artist-dresses-up-like-white-ancestors-to-explore-racial-identity-1.3044338|title=Black Canadian artist dresses up like white ancestors to explore racial identity|work=CBC News|accessdate=2017-01-12}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/14/stacey-tyrell-backra-bluid_n_7057086.html|title='Black' Artist Dresses Up As Her 'White' Ancestors, Revealing The Complexity Of Multiracial Identity|author=Writer|first=Priscilla Frank Arts|date=2015-04-14|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=2017-01-12}}</ref> N'ime ihe osise onwe onye a, Tyrell na-eme mgbanwe n'ụda akpụkpọ ya na tweaks ọdịdị ihu iji "gosi na ọ bụrụ na mmadụ eleruo ihu m anya na ha ga-ahụ na ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị adị iche. site n'aka nke ha." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.staceytyrell.com/backra-bluid|title=Backra Bluid|work=STACEY TYRELL|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-29}}</ref>
A makwaara Tyrell nke ọma maka iji nka ma ọ bụ foto iji chọpụta njirimara agbụrụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/21/nyregion/things-to-do-on-long-island-feb-20-through-march-6.html|title=Things to Do on Long Island, Feb. 20 Through March 6|date=2016-02-18|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2017-01-12}}</ref> Ọrụ foto ya bụ ngosipụta nke ahụmịhe onye ọ bụla na nke ezinụlọ; na-enyocha nke ọma colonialism, capitalism (na ọdịda anyanwụ Canon) na agbụrụ dị ka ọha na-ewu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=LensCulture|first=Stacey Tyrell {{!}}|title=Bluid and Sweat – Photographs by Stacey Tyrell {{!}} Interview by Clare Samuel|url=https://www.lensculture.com/articles/stacey-tyrell-bluid-and-sweat|accessdate=2020-06-26|work=LensCulture}}</ref>
== Ihe ngosi ==
E gosipụtara ọrụ Tyrell na 2017 Art Gallery of Windsor exhibition ''Position Dị ka achọrọ'', nke Kenneth Montague nke The Wedge Collection kwadoro; <ref>{{Cite web|title=Position As Desired/Exploring African Canadian Identity: Photographs from the Wedge Collection|url=https://www.rom.on.ca/en/about-us/newsroom/press-releases/position-as-desiredexploring-african-canadian-identity-photographs|accessdate=2020-06-26|work=Royal Ontario Museum|language=en|archivedate=2019-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323205534/https://www.rom.on.ca/en/about-us/newsroom/press-releases/position-as-desiredexploring-african-canadian-identity-photographs}}</ref> aha, ''Ọnọdụ Dị ka achọrọ'', gbaziri n'ọrụ ya nke otu aha ahụ. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Art Gallery of Windsor|title=Position as Desired|date=2017|publisher=Art Gallery of Windsor|location=Windsor, Ontario}}</ref>
== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210306160131/http://216.197.120.164/artistbibliog.cfm?id=13895 Stacey Tyrell] na ebe nchekwa data ndị na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri America nke Amerịka
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
md5lwlstd4kwttu1fyci5yz7bn9bn05
Noel Mayo
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{{Databox}}'''Noel Mayo''' (amuru Disemba 30, 1937) bu onye mmebe ulo oru America nke hibere ulo oru mbu nke ndi Africa America. Ụlọ ọrụ ya, Noel Mayo Associates, arụpụtala ọrụ maka ndị ahịa dị ka IBM, NASA, na National Museum of American Jewish History .
== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Mayo na Disemba 30, 1937, na Orange, New Jersey nye Noel na Blanche Mayo. Mgbe ọ bụ nwata ọ na-akwagharị ọtụtụ ihe ruo afọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ụlọ na Cheney, Pennsylvania nke a na-akpọ Sunnycrest Farm for Negro Boys. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home for Destitute Colored Children (Philadelphia, Pa.) {{!}} Archives & Manuscripts|url=https://archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/agents/corporate_entities/10051|accessdate=2024-05-04|work=archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu|archivedate=2024-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605135149/https://archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/agents/corporate_entities/10051}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ahịa ihe osise. Onye nwe ụlọ ahịa ahụ kwere ka Mayo gbaziri akwụkwọ nka ọ bụla ọ chọrọ. Nke a bụ mgbe ọ ga-achọpụta ubi nke mmepụta mmepụta ihe. Ọ ga-aga n'ihu ịga na Philadelphia College of Art (nke a na-akpọ ugbu a University of Arts), na 1960 ghọrọ onye isi ojii mbụ nwetara akara ugo mmụta mmepụta ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=September 5, 2002|title=Video Oral History with Noel Mayo|url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2002_186_EAD.pdf|work=The HistoryMakers}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Noel Mayo, IDSA|url=https://www.idsa.org/profile/dr-noel-mayo-idsa/|accessdate=4 May 2024|work=Industrial Designers Society of America}}</ref> <ref name="uarts.edu">{{Cite web|title=Alum Creates Scholarship for Students of Color {{!}} University of the Arts|url=https://www.uarts.edu/news/mayo-scholarship|accessdate=2024-05-04|work=www.uarts.edu|archivedate=2024-06-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601132858/https://www.uarts.edu/news/mayo-scholarship}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
N'ime afọ nta ya na mahadum prọfesọ Joseph Carreiro, onye bụ onye isi ngalaba n'oge ahụ, goro Mayo ka ọ rụọ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ya Carreiro/Sklaroff Design Associates. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nwe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nọ na ezumike ogologo oge, e nyere Mayo ọrụ nke ilekọta ọfịs ahụ n'onwe ya. Na 1964, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ ga-emecha zụta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ma gbanwee aha ya na Noel Mayo Associates. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Noel Mayo, President Noel Mayo Associates|url=https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.dmi.org/resource/resmgr/pdf_files/Noel_Mayo.pdf|work=DMI Volume 28. Issue 2}}</ref>
== Noel Mayo Associates ==
N'okpuru ọchịchị Mayo enwetara ọhụrụ, Noel Mayo Associates ga-eso ndị ahịa na-arụ ọrụ n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ niile. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ahịa a gụnyere Ngalaba Azụmahịa na Agriculture, IRS, NASA, IBM, Philadelphia International Airport, Black + Decker na National Museum of American Jewish History . Noel Mayo Associates haziri ime ime maka oghere ọha na nke onwe, arịa ụlọ, ngwa eletrọnịkị, ọkụ, akara, ngwaahịa, nkwakọ, na eserese. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About Page|url=http://www.noelmayo.com/nma-about.html|work=noelmayo.com|accessdate=2024-06-05|archivedate=2024-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605123354/https://noelmayo.com/nma-about.html}}</ref> Ime ụlọ gụnyere ụlọ, ọdụ ụgbọ elu, ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ nchere, ụlọ ahịa, na ụlọ nri. N'ime afọ 45 mmekọrịta ya na ụlọ ọrụ Lutron Electronics aha ya pụtara n'elu 250 imewe patents na 27 utility patents, karịsịa maka ọkụ ọkụ na dimmers.
== Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ==
Mayo ga-aga n'ihu ịghọ onye isi oche nke ngalaba mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na Philadelphia College of Art. <ref name="uarts.edu"/>
Na 1989 Mahadum Ohio State aha ya bụ Noel Mayo the Ohio Eminent Scholar in Art and Design Technology. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">Ọ</span>]]'' [ ]</sup> omume ọkachamara nke ụlọ akwụkwọ maka afọ 20. <ref>{{Cite web|date=September 9, 2016|title=Honoring Dr. Noel Mayo's Retirement|url=https://design.osu.edu/news/honoring-dr.-noel-mayos-retirement|work=design.osu.edu}}</ref>
Mayo rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Philadelphia Economic Council na onye isi oche nke Philadelphia Community Development Corporation. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na MetroBank <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">nke</span>]]'' [ ]</sup> kọmishọna nke Philadelphia Art Commission.
== Ntụaka ==
<references />
== Njikọ mpụga ==
Official website
* [https://design-milk.com/watch-rit-design-conversations-a-life-of-firsts-noel-mayo-video/ ''Mkparịta ụka imewe - Ndụ nke mbụ: Noel Mayo''] ( RIT Vignelli Center for Design Studies ''Design Conversion'' series lecture)
* [https://www.idsa.org/profile/dr-noel-mayo-idsa/ Dr. Noel Mayo profaịlụ] ( Industrial Designers Society of America )
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
645rsrom0uowkabgj0ktx1xl8kypnjo
Ricky Tollman
0
48928
708720
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{{Databox}}'''Ricky Tollman''' bụ onye South Africa <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-28|title=A millennial adventure set during Rob Ford scandal|url=https://thecjn.ca/arts/a-millenial-adventure-set-during-rob-ford-scandal/|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=The Canadian Jewish News|language=en-US}}</ref> onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye na-ese ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta ihe .
== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Tollman na Johannesburg, [[South Africa]] ma tolite na mpaghara Sandton tupu ya na ezinụlọ ya kwaga Toronto, [[Kánada|Canada]] . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-13|title=Millennial filmmaker hits jackpot with new film|url=https://www.sajr.co.za/millennial-filmmaker-hits-jackpot-with-new-film/|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=Jewish Report|language=en-ZA}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
Na 2014, Tollman jikọrọ aka mepụta ''oku'' . Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde $3 na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na eriri, satịlaịtị, na vidiyo na nyiwe chọrọ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kay|date=2015-02-06|first=Jeremy|title=Vertical Entertainment hunting indie gems at EFM|url=https://www.screendaily.com/vertical-entertainment-hunting-indie-gems-at-efm/5082809.article|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=Screen Daily|language=en}}</ref> wee bụrụ #3 na Top 10 Indie na Theatrical Films nke 2014 na Xfinity, Comcast Cable 's na ọrụ achọrọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Meyer|first=Steve|date=Dec 19, 2014|title=Xfinity On Demand Presents: The Best of 2014|url=https://corporate.comcast.com/comcast-voices/xfinity-on-demand-presents-the-best-of-2014|work=[[Comcast]]}}</ref>
Tollman mepụtara ''Jonathan'', nke nwere ihe ngosi ụwa ya na Tribeca Film Festival na 2018.
Tollman dere, na-eduzi ma na-emepụta ihe nkiri mbụ ya, ''Gbaa obodo a'', nke banyere mmepụta na 2018 na [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] nominee JC Chandor Executive na-emepụta. Emere ihe nkiri a na South site na mmemme ihe nkiri Southwest na Machị 9, 2019 na ngalaba nkọwa akụkọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 SXSW Film Festival Lineup|url=https://www.sxsw.com/festivals/film/2019-lineup/|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=SXSW|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126051120/https://www.sxsw.com/festivals/film/2019-lineup/}}</ref> Ihe nkiri a mekwara na Traverse City Film Festival na FIN Atlantic Film Festival . Ọ bụ Oscilloscope nwetara ya wee wepụta ya na njikọ Twitter <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ramos|first=Dino-Ray|date=2020-01-23|title=Oscilloscope Teams With Twitter For Innovative Release Of Ricky Tollman's 'Run This Town' Starring Ben Platt|url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/oscilloscope-laboratories-twitter-ricky-tollman-run-this-town-ben-platt-1202838692/|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> na Machị 6, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ramos|first=Dino-Ray|date=2020-03-06|title=Apple Finally Releases 'The Banker'; 'First Cow', 'Run This Town', 'Extra Ordinary' Open Theatrically – Specialty B.O. Preview|url=https://deadline.com/2020/03/first-cow-a24-the-banker-apple-run-this-town-hope-gap-extra-ordinary-specialty-box-office-preview-1202875353/|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref>
Na ''Los Angeles Times'', Kenneth Turan kpọrọ ''ọsọ ọsọ obodo a'' "ụdị njirimara kachasị mma na-eduzi mpụta mbụ, ihe nkiri na-atọ ụtọ ma na-atụ anya ihe ga-abịa n'ihu," ọ gara n'ihu na "ọ bụ okwu n'ụzọ doro anya dị ka ihe odide ya, na nke ahụ na-ekwu ọtụtụ ihe." <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-05|title=Review: 'Run This Town' runs the table in a true tale of mayoral malfeasance in Toronto|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2020-03-05/run-this-town-review-toronto-rob-ford-ben-platt|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe nkiri a na-akpọ ihe nkiri ahụ "ihe nkiri ọhụrụ na-atọ ụtọ nke ukwuu" wee kwuo na "ọkụ ọkụ na-agba ọsọ na-aga n'ihu, na-akpọghachite ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị egwu nke afọ gara aga," ebe John DeFore na Hollywood Reporter kpọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ "ihe metụtara mana usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ gbatịrị agbatị." <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=DeFore|first=John|date=2020-03-05|title='Run This Town': Film Review|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/run-town-1282857/|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref>
''Gbaa obodo a'' natara onyinye onyinye ihuenyo Canada atọ na 8th Canadian Screen Awards na nhọpụta [[Ndị nduzi Guild nke Canada|onyinye DGC]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Écrans canadiens : Song of Names, The Twentieth Century et Antigone en tête des nominations|url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1527585/song-of-names-the-twentieth-century-antigone-prix-ecrans-canadiens|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=Radio-Canada.ca|language=fr-ca}}</ref>
== Ntụaka ==
<references />
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
ontf94ke38kx956x1pcwy7nv1uaifkx
Pharming (genetics)
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Pharming, portmanteau nke ugbo na ọgwụ, na-ezo aka iji usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa tinye mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-ede maka ọgwụ bara uru n'ime anụmanụ ma ọ bụ osisi ndị na-agaghị egosipụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị ahụ, si otú a na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa gbanwetụrụ (GMO).[1] [2] A na-akpọkwa ọgwụ ọgwụ dị ka ọrụ ugbo molecular, ọgwụ molecular,[3] ma ọ bụ biopharming.
Ngwaahịa nke pharing bụ protein recombinant ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa metabolic ha. A na-ejikarị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ yist na-emepụta protein ndị na-emepụta ihe na bioreactor, ma pharma na-enye ndị na-emepụta ihe uru na ọ dịghị achọ akụrụngwa dị oke ọnụ, na ikike mmepụta nwere ike ịgbatị ngwa ngwa iji gboo mkpa, na-ebelata oke cos.<ref name="Kaiser">{{Cite journal|author=Kaiser, Jocelyn|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|date=25 April 2008|url=http://people.forestry.oregonstate.edu/steve-strauss/sites/people.forestry.oregonstate.edu.steve-strauss/files/Is%20drought%20over%20for%20pharming%20Science%202007.pdf|title=Is the Drought Over for Pharming?|pmid=18436771|doi=10.1126/science.320.5875.473|volume=320|issue=5875|pages=473–5}}</ref>
== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Protein nke sitere n'osisi nwetaghachi nke mbụ (PDP) bụ serum albumin mmadụ, nke ewepụtara na 1990 na ụtaba transgenic na osisi nduku.[6] Ọnwụnwa na-eto eto n'ọhịa nke ihe ọkụkụ ndị a malitere na United States na 1992 ma na-eme kwa afọ kemgbe. Ọ bụ ezie na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States akwadola ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ ọgwụ na steeti ọ bụla, ọtụtụ nnwale emeela na [[Hawaii]], Nebraska, Iowa, na Wisconsin.
Na mbido afọ 2000, ụlọ ọrụ pharming siri ike. E guzobere ihe akaebe nke echiche maka mmepụta nke ọtụtụ protein ọgwụgwọ, gụnyere ndị na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, ngwaahịa ọbara, cytokines, Ihe ndị na-eto eto, [[Hormone|homonụ]], enzymes recombinant na ọgwụ mgbochi mmadụ na anụmanụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2003, ọtụtụ ngwaahịa PDP maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa mmadụ nọ na mmepe site n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ biotech 200, gụnyere recombinant gastric lipase maka ọgwụgwọ nke cystic fibrosis, na antibodies maka mgbochi ezé ezé na ọgwụgwọ nke non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. <ref name="christou">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/nrg1177|title=Genetic modification: The production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in plants|year=2003|author=Ma|first=Julian K-C.|journal=Nature Reviews Genetics|volume=4|issue=10|pages=794–805|pmid=14526375}}</ref>
Otú ọ dị, na ngwụcha afọ 2002, dịka ProdiGene na-eme ka mmepụta nke trypsin dịkwuo elu maka ịmalite azụmahịa a chọpụtara na a na-ewepụta osisi ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo (nke hapụrụ site na owuwe ihe ubi gara aga) nke otu n'ime ngwaahịa ọka GM ha na ihe ọkụkụ soybean a kụrụ n'ọhịa ahụ. <ref name="News of contamination">[http://ngin.tripod.com/151102a.htm News of contamination]</ref> [isi iyi a na-apụghị ịdabere na ya?] A kwụrụ ProdiGene $ 250,000 ma nye iwu ka ọ kwụọ ihe karịrị $ 3 nde na mmefu nhicha. Nke a kpasuru iwe ma mee ka oghere pharming laghachi azụ, n'ụzọ dị egwu.<ref name="Kaiser"/> Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dara ogbenye ka ụlọ ọrụ na-eche nsogbu inweta ikikere maka ule ule na ndị na-etinye ego gbapụrụ.<ref name="Kaiser" /> Na mmeghachi omume, APHIS webatara iwu siri ike maka nnwale pharming na US na 2003. N'afọ 2005, Anheuser-Busch yiri egwu ịkwụsị osikapa a na-akụ na [[Mizurị|Missouri]] n'ihi atụmatụ Ventria Bioscience na-akụ osikapa na steeti ahụ. E ruru nkwekọrịta, mana Ventria wepụrụ ikike ya ịkụ osisi na Missouri n'ihi ọnọdụ ndị na-enweghị njikọ.
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ gbakee, site n'ilekwasị anya na pharming na osisi ndị dị mfe na-etolite na bioreactors na ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ GM na greenhouses.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1196/annals.1408.009|title=Bioproduction of Therapeutic Proteins in the 21st Century and the Role of Plants and Plant Cells as Production Platforms|year=2007|author=Boehm|first=Robert|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|volume=1102|issue=1|pages=121–34|pmid=17470916}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na ìgwè agụmakwụkwọ anọgidewo na-anwale ihe ọkụkụ GM na-emepụta ọgwụ ọjọọ. N'afọ 2006, Dow AgroSciences natara nkwado USDA iji zụọ ọgwụ mgbochi maka ọkụkọ megide Ọrịa Newcastle, nke e mepụtara na mkpụrụ ndụ osisi - ọgwụ mgbochi mbụ e mepụtara site na osisi kwadoro na US.<ref>[http://www.pharmexec.com/pharmexec/The-First-Plant-Derived-Vaccine-Approved-for-Chick/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/307471 FDA Approval News]</ref><ref name="nature">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/sj.embor.7400470|title=Molecular farming for new drugs and vaccines|year=2005|author=Ma|first=Julian K -C.|journal=EMBO Reports|volume=6|issue=7|pages=593–9|pmid=15995674}}</ref>
== N'ime anụ na-enye nwa ara ==
=== Ọganihu akụkọ ihe mere eme ===
Mmiri ara ehi bụ usoro kachasị tozuru oke iji mepụta protein ndị na-emegharị ahụ site na ntule transgenic. Ọbara, akwa ọcha, plasma seminal, na mmamịrị bụ usoro ndị ọzọ nwere ike ime, mana ha niile nwere ihe ndọghachi azụ. Ọbara, dịka ọmụmaatụ, dịka nke afọ 2012 enweghị ike ịchekwa ọkwa dị elu nke protein recombinant kwụsiri ike, na protein ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ọbara nwere ike ịgbanwe ahụike ụmụ anụmanụ.[16] Nkwupụta n'ime mmiri ara ehi nke anụ ụlọ, dị ka ehi, atụrụ, ma ọ bụ ewu, bụ ngwa a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ebe ọ bụ na mmepụta mmiri ara ehi na-aba ụba na ime ka mmiri ara ehi dị ọcha dị mfe. A na-ejikwa hamsters na rabbits mee ihe ọmụmụ mbido n'ihi na ha na-amụ ngwa ngwa.
Otu ụzọ na nkà na ụzụ a bụ ịmepụta anụ anụ transgenic nke nwere ike ịmepụta biopharmaceutical na mmiri ara ehi ya (ma ọ bụ ọbara ma ọ bụ mmamịrị). Ozugbo e mepụtara anụmanụ, na-ejikarị usoro microinjection pronuclear, ọ na-adị irè iji teknụzụ cloning iji mepụta ụmụ ọzọ nke na-ebu genome emezigharịrị dị mma.[17] Na February 2009 US FDA nyere nkwado ahịa maka ọgwụ mbụ a ga-emepụta n'ime anụ ụlọ ndị gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.[18] A na-akpọ ọgwụ a ATryn, nke bụ protein antithrombin dị ọcha site na mmiri ara ehi nke ewu megharịrị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na Europe nyere ikike ịzụ ahịa na August 2006. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5041298.stm|title=Go-ahead for 'pharmed' goat drug|accessdate=2006-10-25|work=BBC News|date=June 2, 2006}}</ref>
=== Nsogbu nke ikike ikike ===
Dị ka e gosiri n'elu, ụfọdụ anụ mamma ndị a na-ejikarị emepụta nri (dị ka ewu, atụrụ, ezì na ehi) ka agbanweela iji mepụta ngwaahịa ndị na-abụghị nri, omume a na-akpọ pharming mgbe ụfọdụ. FDA na EMA akwadola iji ewu emezigharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iji mepụta ATryn, ya bụ recombinant antithrombin, ọgwụ protin na-egbochi ọbara ọgbụgba.[20] Ngwaahịa ndị a "mepụtara site n'ịtụgharị anụmanụ ka ọ bụrụ' igwe na-emepụta ọgwụ site n'ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa" na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ biopharmaceuticals.
Ikike ikike nke biopharmaceuticals dị otú ahụ na usoro nrụpụta ha ejighị n'aka. Eleghị anya, biopharmaceuticals n'onwe ha mere bụ enweghị ikike, na-eche na ha yiri ọgwụ ndị dịbu adị nke ha na-eṅomi. Ọtụtụ mkpebi nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States na narị afọ nke 19 na-ekwu na a pụghị ịdepụta ngwaahịa sitere n'okike arụpụtara na mbụ.[21] Enwere ike ịme arụmụka maka patentability nke usoro maka ịmepụta biopharmaceutical, Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na imegharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ụmụ anụmanụ ka ha wee mepụta ọgwụ ahụ dị iche na usoro mmepụta mbụ; Ọzọkwa, otu mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu yiri ka ọ na-emeghe ohere ahụ.<ref>The ''American Wood-Paper'' case invalidated the product patent but left open the patentability of the process, saying "whatever may be said of their process for obtaining it...." 90 U.S. at 596.</ref>
N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-atụ aro na mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Mayo v. Prometheus[23] nwere ike ịmepụta nsogbu na, dị ka mkpebi ikpe ahụ siri dị, "enwere ike ikwu na ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị dị otú ahụ na-emepụta. protein a n'otu ụzọ ahụ ha na-eme mgbe nile na anụ mam, ha na-emepụta otu ngwaahịa, na nkà na ụzụ mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eji bụ omenala, nke mere na nzọụkwụ nke usoro 'na-atụkwasịghị ihe ọ bụla n'iwu nke okike nke na-adịghị ugbu a. 24] Ọ bụrụ na arụmụka ahụ meriri n'ụlọ ikpe, usoro ahụ agaghịkwa eru maka nchebe patent ekpebibeghị okwu a n'ụlọ ikpe.
== N'ime osisi ==
Ọgwụ na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ (PMPs), nke a na-akpọkwa ya dị ka ọgwụ, bụ ngalaba nke ụlọ ọrụ biotechnology nke gụnyere usoro ihe ọkụkụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ka ha wee nwee ike imepụta ụfọdụ ụdị protein dị mkpa na-agwọ ọrịa na ụmụ irighiri ihe jikọrọ ya dị ka peptides na nke abụọ. metabolites. Enwere ike iweta protein na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ahụ wee mepụta ọgwụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1002/wnan.1462|title=Antibodies from plants for bionanomaterials|year=2017|author=Edgue|first=Gueven|journal=WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology|volume=9|issue=6|pmid=28345261}}</ref>
A na-ejikarị Arabidopsis eme ihe dị ka ihe nlereanya iji mụọ ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na osisi, ebe enwere ike imepụta ya na ọka, [[Oskàpà|osikapa]], poteto, ụtaba, flax ma ọ bụ safflower.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ramessar|first=Koreen|date=2008-02-23|title=Molecular pharming in cereal crops|journal=Phytochemistry Reviews|language=en|volume=7|issue=3|pages=579–592|doi=10.1007/s11101-008-9087-3|issn=1568-7767}}</ref> Ọtaba abụwo nhọrọ a ma ama nke ihe dị ndụ maka ngosipụta nke transgenes, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-agbanwe n'ụzọ dị mfe, na-emepụta ọtụtụ anụ ahụ, ma na-adị ndụ nke ọma ''in vitro'' na greenhouses.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jube|first=Sandro|date=2007-07-15|title=Expression of bacterial genes in transgenic tobacco: methods, applications and future prospects|journal=Electronic Journal of Biotechnology|volume=10|issue=3|pages=452–467|doi=10.2225/vol10-issue3-fulltext-4|issn=0717-3458|pmid=19750137}}</ref> Uru nke osikapa na flax bụ na ha na-eme ka ha na-amị mkpụrụ, ya mere, a na-ezere nsogbu nke Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (lee n'okpuru). Otú ọ dị, njehie mmadụ ka nwere ike ịkpata ihe ọkụkụ gbanwere agbanwe na-abanye n'ihe oriri. Iji obere ihe ọkụkụ dị ka safflower ma ọ bụ ụtaba na-ezere nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ka ukwuu na ihe ize ndụ maka nri na-emetụta iji ihe ọkụkụ ndị dị ka agwa ma ọ bụ osikapa. Ngosipụta nke protein na mkpụrụ ndụ osisi ma ọ bụ ọdịbendị mgbọrọgwụ na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, mana na ọnụahịa dị elu nke mmepụta. A pụkwara iji ngwakọta na-adịghị ọcha mee ihe maka bioconfinement nke osisi transgenic, ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ike ịmepụta usoro kwụsiri ike.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rice|first=J|date=2013|title=Assessing the bioconfinement potential of a Nicotiana hybrid platform for use in plant molecular farming applications|journal=BMC Biotechnology|language=En|volume=13|issue=1|pages=63|doi=10.1186/1472-6750-13-63|issn=1472-6750|pmid=23914736}}</ref> A na-ahọrọ ihe ọkụkụ ọka mgbe ụfọdụ maka pharming n'ihi na ngwaahịa protein ndị a na-elekwasị anya na endosperm nke ọka egosila na ha nwere oke okpomọkụ. Njirimara a na-eme ka ha bụrụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị maka mmepụta nke Ọgwụ mgbochi a na-eri eri, dịka protein mkpuchi nje a na-echekwa na ọka anaghị achọ nchekwa oyi dị ka ọtụtụ ọgwụ mgbochi na-eme ugbu a. Idebe usoro ọgwụ mgbochi na-achịkwa okpomọkụ na-esikarị ike mgbe ị na-ebute ọgwụ mgbochi gaa mba ndị na-emepe emepe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chan|first=Hui-Ting|date=2016-06-01|title=Cold chain and virus-free chloroplast-made booster vaccine to confer immunity against different poliovirus serotypes|journal=Plant Biotechnology Journal|language=en|volume=14|issue=11|pages=2190–2200|doi=10.1111/pbi.12575|issn=1467-7644|pmid=27155248}}</ref>
Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eme mgbanwe osisi site na iji Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A na-egosipụtakarị protein nke mmasị n'okpuru njikwa nke kọlịflawa mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV35S), onye na-akwado ike na-akwalite okwu ịkwọ ụgbọala na osisi.[30] Enwere ike itinye akara ngosi mpaghara na protein nke mmasị iji mee ka mkpokọta na-eme n'otu mpaghara mpaghara mpaghara, dị ka chloroplasts ma ọ bụ vacuoles. A na-eme nke a iji meziwanye mkpụrụ, mee ka ọ dị mfe ime ka ọ dị ọcha, ma ọ bụ ka protein ahụ na-apịaji nke ọma.[31][32] N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, egosipụtara na ntinye nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa antisense n'ime kaseti okwu nwere ike imeziwanye usoro ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na [[Japan]] ji mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa SPK gbanwere osikapa, bụ́ nke na-akpaghasị mkpokọta starch n’ime mkpụrụ osikapa, ka ngwaahịa wee na-agbakọta n’ime sap mmiri nke dị mfe ime ka ọ dị ọcha.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Imamura|first=Tomohiro|date=February 2016|title=Production of recombinant thanatin in watery rice seeds that lack an accumulation of storage starch and proteins|journal=Journal of Biotechnology|volume=219|pages=28–33|doi=10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.12.006|pmid=26689479|issn=0168-1656}}</ref>
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ osisi ndị na-abụghị ihe ọkụkụ dị ka duckweed Lemna obere ma ọ bụ moss Physcomitrella patens egosila na ọ bara uru maka mmepụta nke biopharmaceuticals. Enwere ike ịzụlite ihe ndị a na-akpa ike na bioreactors (na-emegide ịbụ ndị toro n'ubi), na-ezobe protein ndị gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eto eto ma, ya mere, na-ebelata ibu dị ọcha nke protein n'ịkwadebe proteins recombinant maka ahụike.[34] [35] [36] Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike imepụta ụdị abụọ ahụ iji mee ka nzuzo nke protein na usoro mmadụ nke glycosylation, mmụba karịa usoro ngosipụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ.[37] [38]. Biolex Therapeutics mepụtara ikpo okwu okwu dabeere na ọbọgwụ; ọ rere Synthon azụmahịa ahụ wee kwupụta enweghị ego na 2012. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span>]]'']</sup>
Tụkwasị na nke a, ụlọ ọrụ [[Israel]], Protalix, emepụtala usoro iji mepụta ọgwụgwọ na carrot transgenic ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ ụtaba. Protalix na onye mmekọ ya, Pfizer, natara nkwado FDA iji ree ọgwụ ya, taliglucerase alpha (Elelyso), dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa Gaucher, na 2012.
== Nchịkwa ==
Nchịkwa nke injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-emetụta usoro gọọmentị na-ewere iji nyochaa ma jikwaa ihe ize ndụ ndị metụtara mmepe na ntọhapụ nke ihe ọkụkụ gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ubi. E nwere ọdịiche dị na nhazi nke ihe ọkụkụ GM - gụnyere ndị a na-eji eme pharming - n'etiti mba, na ụfọdụ n'ime ọdịiche ndị a na'etiti USA na Europe. Nchịkwa dịgasị iche na mba a nyere dabere na ojiji a chọrọ iji ngwaahịa nke injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe ọkụkụ a na-ezube iji mee ihe oriri anaghị enyocha ya site n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa nri.
== Arụmụka ==
E nwere esemokwu gburugburu GMOs n'ozuzu ya n'ọtụtụ ọkwa, gụnyere ma ime ha bụ ụkpụrụ omume, okwu gbasara ihe onwunwe ọgụgụ isi na ahịa ahịa; mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe ọkụkụ GM; na ọrụ GM na ọrụ ugbo n'ofe. E nwekwara arụmụka ụfọdụ gbasara pharming.
=== Uru ya ===
[[Osisi]] anaghị ebu nje ndị nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ nye [[Health|ahụike]] mmadụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, na ọkwa nke protein na-arụ ọrụ na ọgwụ, enweghị protein na osisi ndị yiri protein mmadụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, osisi ka nwere njikọ chiri anya na ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ nke na ha nwere ike ịhazi ma hazie ma anụmanụ na protein mmadụ. Mkpụrụ ha na mkpụrụ ha na-enyekwa akpa nkwakọba ihe na-adịghị mma maka ọgwụgwọ bara uru ma na-ekwe nkwa ndụ nchekwa ụfọdụ.<ref name="BioPro">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bio-pro.de/magazin/thema/00178/index.html?lang=en|title=Molecular Farming – Plant Bioreactors|publisher=BioPro|accessdate=2008-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718203226/http://www.bio-pro.de/magazin/thema/00178/index.html?lang=en|archivedate=2011-07-18}}</ref>
Mkpa ụwa maka ọgwụ dị na ọkwa a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ. Ịgbasawanye usoro microbial dị ugbu a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ga-ekwe omume maka ụfọdụ ngwaahịa ọgwụgwọ, abụghị nhọrọ na-eju afọ n'ọtụtụ ihe. Ọtụtụ protein na-adọrọ mmasị dị mgbagwoju anya nke ukwuu iji mee ya site na usoro microbial ma ọ bụ site na protein synthesis. <ref name="BioPro"/> A na-emepụta protein ndị a ugbu a na mkpụrụ ndụ anụmanụ, mana ngwaahịa a na-emepụta na-adịkarị oke ọnụ maka ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa. N'ihi ihe ndị a, sayensị anọwo na-enyocha nhọrọ ndị ọzọ maka ịmepụta protein nke uru ọgwụgwọ. <ref name="library">{{Cite web|url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0509-e.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507080722/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0509-e.htm|archivedate=May 7, 2010|title=Molecular pharming|publisher=[[Parliament of Canada]]|work=[[Library of Parliament]]|date=4 July 2005|accessdate=2008-09-11|author=Norris, Sonya}}</ref><ref name="ScienceD">{{cite journal | title=Molecular farming in plants: Host systems and expression technology | first1=Richard M. | last2=Stoger | first2=Eva | last3=Schillberg | first3=Stefan | last4=Christou | first4=Paul | last5=Fischer | first5=Rainer | journal=[[Trends Biotechnol.]] | year=2003 | volume=21 | issue=12 | pages=570–8 | doi=10.1016/j.tibtech.2003.10.002 | last1=Twyman | pmid=14624867 | display-authors=3}}</ref> <ref name="nature"/>
Ihe ọkụkụ ọgwụ ndị a nwere ike [[Iba|ịba]] uru nke ukwuu na mba ndị na-emepe emepe. Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na-eme atụmatụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ atọ na-anwụ kwa afọ site na ọrịa a na-egbochi site na ọgwụ mgbochi, karịsịa n'Africa. Ọrịa ndị dị ka kịtịkpa na ịba ọcha n'anya na-eduga n'ọnwụ na mba ebe ndị mmadụ na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ dị elu nke ọgwụ mgbochi, mana ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike inye aka dozie nsogbu a.
=== Ọghọm ya ===
Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ugbo bụ otu n'ime ngwa nke Injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, enwere nchegbu pụrụ iche na ya. N'ihe banyere nri gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (GM), nchegbu na-elekwasị anya na nchekwa nke nri maka oriri mmadụ. Na nzaghachi, a na-ekwu na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme ka [[ihe ọkụkụ]] dịkwuo mma n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, dị ka iguzogide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ iguzogide ọgwụ ahụhụ, ekwenyeghị na ha anaghị emetụta nri n'onwe ya. Nri GM ndị ọzọ na-emepe emepe, dị ka mkpụrụ osisi e mere iji tochaa ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ too, ekwere na ha anaghị emetụta ụmụ mmadụ n'ụzọ dị iche na ụdị ndị na-abụghị GM.<ref name="library"/><ref name="nature"/><ref name="BioPro"/><ref name="wired">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2001/11/48108|title=Molecular Farming Under Fire|author=Mandel|first=Charles|publisher=wired|accessdate=2008-09-13|date=2001-11-06}}</ref>
N'ụzọ dị iche, a naghị ebu n'uche ịkọ ugbo maka ihe ọkụkụ maka [[Nri yinye|Usoro nri]]. Ọ na-emepụta osisi ndị nwere ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-agbakọta na anụ ahụ nke osisi ahụ. N'ihi ya, a na-elekwasị anya nke ukwuu na njide na ịkpachara anya dị mkpa iji chebe ma ahụike ndị na-azụ ahịa na ụdị dị iche iche nke gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="library"/>
Eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-eji osisi ndị ahụ emepụta ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ka ndị na-eme ihe ike. Ha na-echegbu onwe ha na ozugbo mmepụta malitere, osisi ndị gbanwere nwere ike ịchọta ụzọ ha n'ime nri ma ọ bụ cross-pollinate na ihe ọkụkụ nkịtị, ndị na-abụghị GM.<ref name="wired"/> Nchegbu ndị a nwere nkwado akụkọ ihe mere eme site na ihe omume ProdiGene, na site na ihe mere StarLink, nke ọka GMO na mberede mechara bụrụ ngwaahịa nri azụmahịa. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-echegbu onwe ha banyere ike nke azụmahịa. Dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-enyocha Nri nke [[Kánada|Canada]] si kwuo, na akụkọ na-adịbeghị anya, na-ekwu na naanị ọchịchọ US maka ọgwụ biotech na-agbasawanye na pasent 13 kwa afọ ma ruo ọnụ ahịa ahịa nke ijeri $ 28.6 na 2004.<ref name="wired" /> A na-atụ anya na Pharming ga-aba ijeri $ 100 n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.molecularfarming.com/about.html|title=Protein Products for Future Global Good|publisher=molecularfarming.com|accessdate=2008-09-11}}</ref>
== Ndepụta nke ndị malitere (ụlọ ọrụ na mahadum), ọrụ nyocha na ngwaahịa ==
''Biko rịba ama na ndepụta a agwụghị agwụ.''
* Dow AgroSciences - ọgwụ mgbochi ọkụkọ megide nje ọrịa Newcastle (PMP mbụ a kwadoro maka ahịa site na USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics Dow ebughị n'obi ire ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dowagro.com/animalhealth/resources/news/20060131b.htm |title=Retrieved on 15 May 2007 |accessdate=10 August 2024 |archivedate=21 November 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121112634/http://www.dowagro.com/animalhealth/resources/news/20060131b.htm }}</ref><ref>Margret Engelhard, Kristin Hagen, Felix Thiele (eds). (2007) Pharming A New Branch of Biotechnology </ref> "'Dow Agrosciences jiri ọgwụ mgbochi anụmanụ mee ihe dị ka ihe atụ iji gbasaa usoro ahụ kpamkpam. A ghaghị ịkwado ikpo okwu ọhụrụ, nke nwere ike isi ike mgbe ndị ọchịchị na-emetụta ya na nke mbụ', ka onye na-ahụ maka ahụike osisi Stefan Schillberg, onye isi nke Molecular Biology Division na Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biological and Applied Ecology Aachen kọwara. "<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.labtimes.org/labtimes/issues/lt2012/lt04/lt_2012_04_38_40.pdf |title=Farming for Pharma |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091208/http://www.labtimes.org/labtimes/issues/lt2012/lt04/lt_2012_04_38_40.pdf }}</ref>
* Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, nke nwere saịtị dị na Germany, US, na [[Chile]] bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga na Pharma Planta consortium nke òtù ndị mmekọ 33 sitere na mba 12 nke Europe na South Africa, nke European Commission kwadoro. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ime.fraunhofer.de/en/about_us.html |title=Fraunhofer website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2024-11-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241115044959/https://www.ime.fraunhofer.de/en/About_Us.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=58 |title=Pharma Planta website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2019-07-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710071531/http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=58 }}</ref> Pharma Planta na-emepe usoro maka mmepụta osisi nke protein na greenhouses na usoro nchịkwa Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=61 |title=FAQ page |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2019-06-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630164043/http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=61 }}</ref> Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na Biosimilars na Plantform na PharmaPraxis (lee n'okpuru). <ref name="Brennan">Brennan, Zachary. Brazilian JV looks to tap plant-based manufacturing system for biosimilars. BioPharma-Reporter.com, 23-Jul-2014.</ref>
* Genzyme - antithrombin III na mmiri ara ewu
* GTC Biotherapeutics - ATryn (recombinant human antithrombin) na mmiri ara ewu <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gtc-bio.com/ |title=GTC website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2009-01-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130022346/http://gtc-bio.com/ }}</ref>
* Icon Genetics na-emepụta ọgwụgwọ na osisi ''Nicotiana benthamiana'' (nke metụtara ụtaba) na-ebute ọrịa na ụlọ akwụkwọ na Halle, Germany ma ọ bụ n'ọhịa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5948.htm |title=Press release on opening Halle facility |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621071825/http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5948.htm }}</ref><ref name="NHL-Launch">{{Cite web |url=http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5954.htm |title=Icon press release on clinical trial launch |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621072048/http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5954.htm }}</ref> Ngwaahịa mbụ bụ ọgwụ mgbochi maka ọrịa kansa, lymphoma na-abụghị Hodgkin.<ref name="NHL-Launch" />
* Mahadum steeti Iowa - protein na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ site na nje bacteria E. coli na ọka na-enweghị ntụ ọka dị ka ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa megide E. coli maka ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bigmap.iastate.edu/images/BIGMAP%20newsletter%20spring06.pdf |title=Iowa State Ag School 2006 Newsletter |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2013-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503143308/http://www.bigmap.iastate.edu/images/BIGMAP%20newsletter%20spring06.pdf }}</ref><ref>[http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/08_057109r_nds.pdf APHIS approval]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psychcentral.com/news/archives/2006-06/isu-isp062306.html|title=Iowa State plant scientists tweak their biopharmaceutical corn research project|accessdate=2012-10-06|archivedate=2015-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602172133/http://psychcentral.com/news/archives/2006-06/isu-isp062306.html}}</ref>
* Kentucky Bioprocessing weghaara ụlọ ọrụ Large Scale Biology na Owensboro, Kentucky, ma na-enye ọrụ nkwekọrịta biomanufacturing na ụlọ ọrụ ụtaba, nke a na-akụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ n'ọhịa mepere emepe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kbpllc.com/Home.aspx |title=Kentucky Bioprocessing website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2015-11-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119062837/http://www.kbpllc.com/Home.aspx }}</ref>
* Medicago Inc. - Nnyocha tupu Ọgwụ mgbochi influenza nke e mere na osisi ''Nicotiana benthamiana'' (nke metụtara ụtaba) na-ebute ọrịa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Louis-P.|author=Vezina|year=2011|title=Plants As an Innovative and Accelerated Vaccine-Manufacturing Solution|journal=BioPharm International Supplements|volume=24|issue=5|pages=s27–30|url=http://www.biopharminternational.com/biopharm/Upstream+Processing/Plants-As-an-Innovative-and-Accelerated-Vaccine-Ma/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/718082}}</ref> Medicago zụlitere ụmụ irighiri nje dị ka nje na ahịhịa ahịhịhịa nke Australia ''Nicotiana benthamiana,'' maka mmepe nke ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa megide nje COVID-19, na-amalite ule ahụike nke Phase I na July 2020.<ref name="ctv-medicago">{{Cite news|title=The hunt for a vaccine: Canadian company begins human testing of COVID-19 candidate|work=CTV News|date=2020-07-14|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/the-hunt-for-a-vaccine-canadian-company-begins-human-testing-of-covid-19-candidate-1.5022960|accessdate=2020-07-14|author=St. Philip|first=Elizabeth}}</ref><ref name="np-medicago">{{Cite news|author=Vishwadha Chander|publisher=Reuters|title=Canada's Medicago begins human trials of plant-based COVID-19 vaccine|work=National Post|date=2020-07-14|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadas-medicago-begins-human-trials-of-plant-based-covid-19-vaccine|accessdate=2020-07-14}}</ref><ref name="medicago">{{Cite web|title=Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of a Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults Aged 18-55 Years|work=ClinicalTrials.gov|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04450004|accessdate=14 July 2020}}</ref>
* PharmaPraxis - Ịmepụta ihe ndị yiri ihe ndị dị ndụ na njikọ aka na PlantForm (lee n'okpuru) na Fraunhofer.<ref name="Brennan" />
* Pharming - C1 inhibitor, human collagen 1, fibrinogen (na American Red Cross), na lactoferrin na mmiri ara ehi E nwetara ihe onwunwe ọgụgụ isi n'azụ ọrụ fibrinogen site na PPL Therapeutics mgbe PPL dara ogbenye na 2004. <ref>[http://www.pharming.com/ Company website]</ref><ref name="PPL-Press">{{Cite web |url=http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Processing/Pharming-buys-up-PPL-s-patent-estate |title=Press on Pharming Purchase of PPL assets |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2013-07-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704171010/http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Processing/Pharming-buys-up-PPL-s-patent-estate }}</ref>
* Phyton Biotech na-eji usoro mmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ osisi emepụta ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-adabere na taxanes, gụnyere paclitaxel na docetaxel <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phytonbiotech.com/index-2.html |title=Phyton Biotech Official Website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2014-06-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605053230/http://www.phytonbiotech.com/index-2.html }}</ref>
* Planet Biotechnology - antibodies megide Streptococcus mutans, antibodies gegn doxorubicin, na ICAM 1 receptor na ụtaba <ref>[http://www.planetbiotechnology.com/ Company website]</ref>
* PlantForm Corporation - Biosimilar trastuzumab na ụtaba - Ọ na-emepe biosimilars na mmekorita ya na PharmaPraxis (lee n'elu) na Fraunhofer. <ref>[http://www.plantformcorp.com/ Company website]</ref><ref name="Brennan" />
* ProdiGene - na-emepụta ọtụtụ protein, gụnyere aprotinin, trypsin na ọgwụ mgbochi TGE nke anụmanụ na ọka. Ọ nọ na usoro nke ịmalite ngwaahịa trypsin na 2002 mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ihe ọkụkụ ya na-anwale n'ọhịa emetọla ihe ọkụkụ nkịtị. <ref name="News of contamination"/> N'enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ nde $ 3 nke nhicha ahụ, ndị International Oilseed Distributors zụrụ ya na 2003 ndị International Oilbeed Distributers bụ ndị Harry H. Stine na-achịkwa, onye nwere otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ soybeans genetics na US.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090108160917/http://www.seedquest.com/News/releases/2003/august/6457.htm Press release from internet archive]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20130118150903/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=33330 Bloomberg BusinessWeek Profile]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stineseed.com/about-stine/media/company-leadership/harry-h-stine/ |title=Stine Seeds Website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2015-03-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308130006/http://www.stineseed.com/about-stine/media/company-leadership/harry-h-stine }}</ref> ProdiGene's maize-produced trypsin, na akara ahịa TrypZean bụ nke Sigma-Aldritch na-ere ugbu a dị ka ihe nyocha. <ref>[http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=78179017&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearchUSPTO Trademark listing]</ref><ref name="SigmaDetailSheet">[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Sigma/General_Information/cell_culture.Par.0001.File.tmp/cell_culture.pdf SIgma Info Sheet]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Kevin|author=Ray|year=2011|title=Characterization of TrypZean: a Plant-Based Alternative to Bovine-Derived Trypsin (Peer-Reviewed)|journal=BioPharm International|volume=24|issue=10|pages=44–8|url=http://www.biopharminternational.com/biopharm/Quality/Characterization-of-TrypZean-a-Plant-Based-Alterna/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/742608}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/metabolomics/enzyme-explorer/analytical-enzymes/trypzean.html Sigma Catalog]</ref>
* Syngenta - Beta carotene na osikapa (nke a bụ "Golden rice 2"), nke Syngenta nyere onyinye na Golden Rice Project <ref>[http://www.goldenrice.org/Content3-Why/why3_FAQ.php#Syngenta FAQ page]</ref>
* Mahadum steeti Arizona - Ọgwụ mgbochi Hepatitis C na poteto <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sols.asu.edu/people/charles-arntzen|title=Charles Arntzen | School of Life Sciences|accessdate=2024-08-10|archivedate=2017-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520035801/https://sols.asu.edu/people/charles-arntzen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/news050214-2|title=Potatoes pack a punch against hepatitis B|year=2005|author=Khamsi|first=Roxanne|journal=News@nature}}</ref>
* Ventria Bioscience - lactoferrin na lysozyme na osikapa
* Mahadum Washington State - lactoferrin na lysozyme na ọka bali <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/10_047102r_nds.pdf|title=NEPA Decision Summary for Permit #10-047-102r|date=March 10, 2010|publisher=[[Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service]]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.officeofresearch.wsu.edu/mps/researchers/vonwettstein.aspx Wettstein lab webpage]</ref>
* European COST Action on Molecular Farming - COST Action FA0804 on Molecular Agriculture na-enye ụlọ ọrụ nhazi pan-European, na-ejikọ ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na gọọmentị si mba 23.<ref>[http://www.molecularfarming.org/ COST Action FA0804 Official Website]</ref> Ebumnuche nke Action bụ ịkwalite mpaghara ahụ site n'ịgba ume mmekọrịta sayensị, inye echiche ọkachamara na ịgba ume mmepe azụmahịa nke ngwaahịa ọhụrụ. COST Action na-enyekwa onyinye na-enye ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eto eto ohere ileta ụlọ nyocha na Europe maka ọzụzụ sayensị.
* Map Biopharmaceutical na San Diego, [[California]], a kọrọ na August 2014 na-emepụta ZMapp, ọgwụgwọ nnwale maka [[Nje ọrịa Ebola|Ọrịa Ebola]] na-egbu egbu. A kọrọ na ndị America abụọ butere ọrịa na [[Liberia]] na-emeziwanye ọgwụ ahụ. E mere ZMapp site na iji ihe ndị na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ụtaba GM mepụtara.<ref>Ward, Andrew (8 August 2014) [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3925a80e-1e32-11e4-bb68-00144feabdc0.html#axzz39ok7ETQX Biotech groups face ethical dilemmas in race for Ebola Cure], Financial Times, Page 4, Internet article retrieved 8 August 2014</ref><ref>Langreth, Robert, et al (5 August 2014) [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-05/ebola-drug-made-from-tobacco-plant-saves-u-s-aid-workers.html Ebola Drug Made From Tobacco Plant Saves U.S. Aid Workers] Bloomberg News, Retrieved 8 August 2014</ref>
'''Ọrụ ndị a maara na a hapụrụ'''
* Agragen, na mmekorita ya na Mahadum Alberta - docosahexaenoic acid na human serum albumin na flax<ref>[http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009109054 Published PCT Application]</ref><ref>CEO Sam Huttenbauer testified before Congress in 2005 about their GM flax efforts [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-109hhrg23179/pdf/CHRG-109hhrg23179.pdf Testimony]</ref><ref>Web search on October 6, 2012, found no website for this company and found that executives are all with other companies.</ref>
* Chlorogen, Inc. - ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgba, anthrax, na ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, albumin, interferon maka ọrịa imeju gụnyere ịba ọcha n'anya C, elastin, 4HB, na Ihe na-eto eto dị ka insulin na chloroplasts ụtaba. Ọ kwụsịrị azụmahịa na 2007.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130118182205/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=5863309 Bloomberg BusinessWeek Profile]</ref>
* Dow Chemical Company mere nkwekọrịta na Sunol Molecular na 2003 iji mepụta ihe na-alụso ihe na-eme ka anụ ahụ ghara ịdị na osisi na n'ọdịbendị mkpụrụ ndụ na iji ha tụnyere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Ingredients/Plant-production-for-cancer-protein |title=Plant production for cancer protein Sept 22, 2003 |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2013-07-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705140326/http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Ingredients/Plant-production-for-cancer-protein }}</ref> N'afọ 2005, Sunol rere ihe niile na-emegide anụ ahụ ya na Tanox, nke Genentech zụrụ n'afọ 2003.<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/tanox-to-acquire-antibodies-from-sunol-molecular-corp-for-potential-treatment-of-inflammatory-disease-cancer-54351832.html Press Release]</ref><ref>[http://contracts.onecle.com/tanox/sunol.apa.2005.03.25.shtml Purchase contract]</ref> Genentech nyere Altor ikikere usoro ihe omume anụ ahụ na 2008 Altor n'onwe ya bụ spinout site na Sunol. <ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080212005194/en/Altor-BioScience-In-Licenses-Tissue-Factor-Antagonists-Genentech Press Release]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://altorbioscience.com/team.html |title=Altor website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082019/http://altorbioscience.com/team.html }}</ref> Ngwaahịa a na-emepe emepe, ALT-836, nke a maara na mbụ dị ka TNX-832 na Sunol-cH36, abụghị ihe na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ nke osisi mepụtara, kama ọ bụ ihe na-egbochi ọrịa nke anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara, karịa kpọmkwem, ihe na-emegide ọrịa nke a na-emepụta na hybridoma. <ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1160/TH09-06-0400|title=Inhibition of acute vascular thrombosis in chimpanzees by an anti-human tissue factor antibody targeting the factor X binding site|year=2009|author=Jiao|first=J.-a.|journal=Thrombosis and Haemostasis|volume=103|pages=224–33|pmid=20062929|issue=1}}</ref>
* Epicite - spermicidal antibodies in corn Biolex zụrụ Epicyte na 2004 mgbe a kọwara akwụkwọ Epicyte dị ka "na-elekwasị anya na nchọpụta na mmepe nke ngwaahịa monoclonal antibody mmadụ dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka ọtụtụ ọrịa na-efe efe na nke na-eme ka ọzịza. <ref>{{Cite web|title=GM corn set to stop man spreading his seed|date=2001-09-09|work=[[The Guardian]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603052259/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2001/sep/09/gm.food|archivedate=2023-06-03|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2001/sep/09/gm.food}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.trelys.com/news050604.aspx |title=Trelys press release |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2024-08-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810215717/https://www.trelys.com/news050604.aspx }}</ref>
* Large Scale Biology Corporation (LSBC) (bankrupt) - jiri nje Tobacco mosaic mepụta reagents na ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa maka Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Papillomavirus vaccine, parvovirus vaccine, alphactosidase maka Ọrịa Fabry, lysosomal acid lipase, aprotinin, interferon Alpha 2a na 2b, G-CSF, na ọgwụ mgwọ ọrịa Hepatitis B na ụtaba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sacramento.bizjournals.com/sacramento/stories/2006/01/16/story1.html|title=Large Scale files Ch. 11 after closing|accessdate=2007-05-10|author=Lamb|first=Celia|date=2006-01-13|work=[[Sacramento Business Journal]]}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, LSBC kwupụtara nkwekọrịta ya na Sigma-Aldritch nke LSB ga-emepụta aprotinin recombinant na osisi nke ezinụlọ ụtaba na Sigma -Aldrich ga-ekesa ngwaahịa recombinant LSBC na ndị ahịa ya na R&D, omenala mkpụrụ ndụ na ahịa.<ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040304005618/en/Large-Scale-Biology-Corporation-Announces-Biomanufacturing-Commercial Biomanufacturing Press Release]</ref> Ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba 2012 SIgma ka nwere protein na ngwaahịa.<ref>[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/a6103?lang=en®ion=US Sigma catalog Aprotinin]</ref>
* Meristem Therapeutics - Lipase, lactoferrin, plasma protein, collagen, antibodies (IgA, IgM), allergens na protease inhibitors na ụtaba. E wepụrụ ya na 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pharmaclient.net/biotech/memories.php |title=History of bankrupt biotech companies |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2021-06-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620072220/https://pharmaclient.net/biotech/memories.php }}</ref>
* Novoplant GmgH - protein ọgwụgwọ na ụtaba na nri.<ref>[http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=EN_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=432&CAT=PART&QUERY=012c1391b59f:da0f:58589b33&RCN=73876 Cordis entry on Novoplant]</ref> Nnyocha ubi na US nke nri ahịhịa maka ezì nke mepụtara anti-bacterial antibodies.<ref>[http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/06_335101r_nds.pdf APHIS approval]</ref> Onye bụbu CSO nọ ugbu a na ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ; o yiri ka Novoplant enweghị azụmahịa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.affitech.com/about-us/management-team/sergej-m-kiprijanov |title=Kiprijanov biography |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2015-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914180734/http://www.affitech.com/about-us/management-team/sergej-m-kiprijanov }}</ref>
* Monsanto Company - a gbahapụrụ mmepe nke ọka na-emepụta ọgwụ
* PPL Therapeutics - Alpha 1-antitrypsin maka cystic fibrosis na emphysema na mmiri ara atụrụ. Nke a bụ ụlọ ọrụ mepụtara Dolly the Sheep, anụmanụ mbụ e mepụtara. Ọ dara ogbenye n'afọ 2004. Pharming na otu ndị na-etinye ego gụnyere Mahadum nke Pittsburgh Medical Center nwetara ihe onwunwe.<ref name="PPL-Press"/><ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/stories/2003/04/07/daily30.html?page=all UPMC buys PPL assets]</ref>
* SemBioSys - Insulin na safflower. Na Mee 2012, SemBioSys kwụsịrị ọrụ ya.<ref name="BankruptcyAnnouncement">{{Cite web |url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/975453/sembiosys-announces-first-quarter-results-and-provides-update-on-activities |title=Press release May 15, 2012: SemBioSys Announces First Quarter Results and Provides Update on Activities |accessdate=August 10, 2024 |archivedate=August 15, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815152432/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/975453/sembiosys-announces-first-quarter-results-and-provides-update-on-activities }}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Biopharmaceutical
* Mgbanwe nke ndụ
* Ihe dị ndụ a gbanwere site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa
* Polly na Molly
* International Center for Technology Assessment
== Ebem si dee ==
{{Reflist|33em}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Ogige ntụrụndụ Alice Locke
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Alice Elizabeth Locke Park (née Locke; Febụwarị 2, 1861 – Ọktoba 17, 1961) [1] bụ onye America na-akwado ọchịchị na onye gbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị ogologo oge.[2] Ọ jere ozi dị ka osote onye nduzi nke Susan B. Anthony Memorial Committee nke California. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Finding aid for Anthony Family Collection, 1844–1945.|url=http://hdl.huntington.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15150coll1/id/3178|work=Huntington Digital Library|accessdate=August 18, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818174942/http://hdl.huntington.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15150coll1/id/3178|archivedate=August 18, 2017}}</ref>
== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Alice Elizabeth Locke na Febụwarị 2, 1861, na Boston, Massachusetts. N'afọ 1884, ọ lụrụ Dean W. Park; ha mụrụ ụmụ abụọ. Di ya nwụrụ na 1909.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Katz|first=Sherry J.|url=https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/VOTESforWOMEN|title=Online Biographical Dictionary of the Woman Suffrage Movement in the United States|publisher=Alexander Street|editor=Dublin|language=en|chapter=Biographical Sketch of Alice Locke Park|chapterurl=https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/d/1010596118}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
N'ọgwụgwụ 1870s, Park nwere mmasị na mmegharị ntuli aka wee gaa mgbakọ na Providence, Rhode Island na 1877 na 1879.[1] Na 1894, ọ sonyeere International Feminist Movement.[1] Park ghọrọ onye udo na 1898.[1] Ọ bụkwa onye na-elekọta mmadụ na onye anaghị eri anụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Collection: Alice Locke Park Collected Papers|url=https://archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/resources/scpc-cdg-a-park_alice_locke|accessdate=October 29, 2021|work=TriCollege Libraries|archivedate=October 29, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111525/https://archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/resources/scpc-cdg-a-park_alice_locke}}</ref>
O guzobere akụkụ abụọ nke iwu steeti California: Iwu California Bird and Arbor Day Act nke 1909 nyere iwu maka ichebe osisi na nnụnụ ma guzobe ụbọchị maka ụmụaka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ka a kụziere ha ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi ndị a; na iwu nke mere ka nne na nna nwee nlekọta ụmụaka hà nhata. N'afọ 1910, ọ bụ onye isi oche steeti nke Kọmitii edemede nke Njikọ Ịha nhata ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị . <ref>{{Cite journal|title=21 Apr 1910, Thu • First Edition • Page 4|journal=Los Angeles Herald|date=1910}}</ref>
Ọ bụ onye otu Women's Suffrage Association ruo afọ iri isii. Ozugbo e nyere ụmụ nwanyị ikike ịtụ vootu iwu na California na 1911, ọ bụ ọkà okwu na Nzukọ nke asaa nke International Woman Suffrage Alliance na Budapest, Hungary, na 1913. <ref name="obituary">{{Cite journal|title=Alice Park Taken by Death at 100 - 19 Oct 1961, Thu • Page 35|journal=Oakland Tribune|date=1961|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15793238/oakland_tribune/|accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref>
N'afọ 1914, o kwuru, sị: "Enwere m ọmịiko miri emi maka usoro ndị agha nọ na London. Ike gwụrụ m na a na-ata ụmụ nwanyị England ụta maka obi ọjọọ na ime ihe ike ha. Ha nwere nnukwu otuto maka inweta votu maka ụmụ nwanyị na California, n'inye mgbasa ozi maka ihe kpatara ya. Ọ bụrụ na ha ebibighị ihe onwunwe ma mee ihe n'ụzọ nkịtị, ọ dịghị onye ga-elebara ha anya, omume ha anya. " <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Militants Owe Lives to Policemen - 07 Aug 1914, Fri • Page 7|journal=The Bridgeport Times and Evening Farmer|date=1914|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15793611/the_bridgeport_times_and_evening_farmer/|accessdate=December 15, 2017}}</ref>
Ọ hapụrụ òtù Unitarian n'ihi ọdịda ya na-emegide Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya International Women's Congress for Peace and Freedom na Hague na 1915; na 1915 ọ bụ onye otu Ford Peace Ship; ọ bụ onye ndú nke Women's International League for Peace and Liberty (WILPF). O guzobere Palo Alto Women's Peace Party na 1915. <ref name="obituary" />
Ọ mere mkpesa maka nguzobe nke Mahadum Stanford maka ụmụ nwanyị ma lụọ ọgụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị. N'ụlọ ya (na 611 Gilman na 510 Hamilton streets na Palo Alto) o nwere nzukọ maka otu ndị na-eme udo a na-akpọ American Union Against Militarism. Nke a mechara ghọọ American Civil Liberties Union . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Alice Park|url=https://www.nps.gov/people/alice-park.htm|accessdate=October 29, 2021|work=U.S. National Park Service|language=en}}</ref>
== Ikike ụmụ anụmanụ ==
Park bụ onye na-akwado otu Humanitarian League, otu òtù na-ahụ maka ikike anụmanụ nke Britain, ma gaa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iji nye okwu gbasara anụmanụ. O nwetara otuto nke onye malitere nzukọ ahụ bụ́ Henry S. Salt maka ibipụta kaadị, na 1920, bụ́ nke kwuru, sị: “Nwee Obiọma n'Anụmanụ, N'ihi na Ị Bụ Onwe Gị
== Ọnwụ na ihe nketa ==
Park nwụrụ na October 18, 1961, n'ụlọ ya na Palo Alto, California. Ọ dị otu narị afọ.<ref name="obituary" />
== Ihe odide ==
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Solomon Adun Asemota
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'''Solomon Adun Asemota''' SAN (amụrụ na Disemba 8, 1938) bụ onye ọka iwu Naijiria na Onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.edostate.gov.ng/blog/2017/12/31/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-at-80/|title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80|author=Akpomudje|first=About Efe|date=2017-12-31|work=Edo State Government|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2016/08/discriminatory-appointments-against-non.html|title=Discriminatory Appointments against Non-muslims in Nigeria - by Solomon Asemota, SAN|date=2016-08-10|work=Linda Ikeji's Blog|language=en|accessdate=2019-01-17}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye guzobere na onye isi mmekọ nke ụlọ ọrụ iwu nke Solomon Asemota & Co.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newtonarbitration.com/Arbitration/solomon-asemota-co/|title=Solomon Asemota & Co.|date=2015-07-21|work=Newton Arbitration|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-17|archivedate=2019-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121329/https://newtonarbitration.com/Arbitration/solomon-asemota-co/}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ irene Asemota ma nwee ụmụ abụọ. Ọ ghọrọ Onye Nnọchiteanya Ukwu nke Naijiria (SAN) n'afọ 1986. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianlawguru.com/information/SENIOR%20ADVOCATES%20OF%20NIGERIA.pdf|title=Senior Advocates of Nigeria|author=Nigerian Law Guru|work=Nigerian Law Guru|accessdate=2024-11-18|archivedate=2016-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170323/http://www.nigerianlawguru.com/information/SENIOR%20ADVOCATES%20OF%20NIGERIA.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://philipilenbarenemen.wordpress.com/2012/08/29/philip-ilenbarenemen-reports-on-mr-solomon-asemota-san-led-discussion-at-the-nigerian-observatory-in-london/|title=Philip Ilenbarenemen reports on Mr Solomon Asemota SAN led discussion at the Nigerian Observatory in London|date=2012-08-29|work=philipilenbarenemen|language=en|accessdate=2019-01-17}}</ref>
== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Solomon Adun Asemota na Disemba 8, 1938, na Benin City, isi obodo Edo State, Southern Nigeria . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/|title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun|author=Admin|date=2016-11-15|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-17}}</ref> Agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya malitere na 1945 na St. Luke School, Jos, tupu ọ gụchaa akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na 1948 na Immaculate Conception College, Benin City . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2013/05/02/issues-religion-politics-and-socio-economic-violence-nigeria-catholic-response|title=Issues of Religion, Politics And Socio-Economic Violence In Nigeria: A Catholic Response|date=2013-05-02|work=Sahara Reporters|accessdate=2019-01-17}}</ref> Ọ gara Southern Police College, Ikeja, Lagos (1959-1960) (Cadet Sub-Inspectors" Course) tupu ọ gaa Wakefield Police College, Yorkshire, England, na 1962 maka Advanced Police Training na Scottish Police College, Kincardine, Scotland, na 1969 maka Senior Officers Training na nhazi na njikwa.
Ọ gara [[University of Lagos|Mahadum Lagos]] n'etiti afọ 1964 na 1969, ebe ọ nwetara nzere Bachelor of Law (Honours) na 1969. N'afọ 1970, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka iwu ma ghọọ onye ọka iwu na Law mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Nigerian Law School . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-05|title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 - Welcome To InlandTown Online {{!}} Get hot information on Onitsha|url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/|accessdate=2023-01-16|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ọrụu ==
Ndị uwe ojii Naijiria <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/solomon-asemota-wishing-you-many-more-years-of-national-service/|title=Solomon Asemota: Wishing you many more years of national service – The Sun Nigeria|work=www.sunnewsonline.com|date=3 January 2018|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-17}}</ref>
Edebara ya aha na ndi uwe ojii Naijiria dika onye nleba anya nke Cadet: (course no. 6) na 1959. Mgbe o nwechara ọzụzụ, e zigara ya na mpaghara Ikeja ebe o buru uzo jee ozi dika onye okaiwu n’ulo ikpe majisteet, Ikeja, n’Isi. Ụlọikpe Mason Begho. Na 1961, ọ ghọrọ onye ọrụ nkuzi na Man O'War Bay na Victoria, Cameroons. Ọ laghachiri Naịjiria, na-eje ozi dịka onye ọka iwu n'ụlọ ikpe Chief Magistrate Sapele, n'okpuru Chief Magistrate Olayinka Odumosu na Sikiru Abina. Ka e mesịrị na 1961, ọ ghọrọ onye Inspector, Administrator, Second-in-Command Traffic Division, ma mesịa banye na ngalaba mpụ na ngalaba ndị uwe ojii mpaghara Ikeja.
N'afọ 1962, e buliri ya gaa n'ọkwa nke Assistant Superintendent of Police, ma họpụta onye isi ndị uweojii na mpaghara Ondo North nke gụnyere Ekiti, Akoko, na Owo Divisions, (nke dị ihe dị ka ọkara Ondo steeti), bụ ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ. Onye uwe ojii ngalaba, onye na-ahụ maka 800 L.S. ndị uwe ojii na ụlọ ọrụ uwe ojii 26. A họpụtara ya (nke ọnwa isii na 1963) na United Nations Operation na Congo (ONUC) ugbu a Democratic Republic of Congo. O jere ozi na Leopoldville (nke bụ́ Kinshasa ugbu a), ma mesịa jee ozi dị ka Onye Ọchịchị nke Abụọ (Ndị uwe ojii) na Luluaburg (nke bụzi Katanga).
Ọ ghọrọ onye enyemaka nke Gọvanọ Mbụ nke Midwest Region, Chief [[Jereton Mariere]], site na 1963 ruo 1964. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ hapụrụ Southern Police College na Ikeja ebe ọ ghọrọ onye isi ọmụmụ maka Cadet Sub-Inspector na Sergeants promotion courses na Advanced Training Wing, site na 1964 ruo 1966. Otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, Ibrahim Coomassie, mechara bụrụ Inspector General of Police, ebe mmadụ ise ndị ọzọ ruru ọkwa nke Assistant Inspector General nke Police (AIGs). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span>]]'']</sup>
Ọ bụ onye nke abụọ na-achị site na 1966 ruo 1968 na National Bureau of the Interpol, Central C.I.D. Alagbon Close, [[Ikoyi]], Lagos, ọ bụkwa, n'otu oge, onye nyocha nke ụlọ ikpe nyocha na E.C.N. na Ports Authority. A kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ osote Onye isi ndị uwe ojii ma bụrụ onye otu ndị uwe ojii Naịjirịa na nzukọ Interpol na [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] na 1967. E mechara nyefee ya na Ngalaba Mpụ dị ka onye nke abụọ na-achị.
N'afọ 1969, e buliri ya n'ọkwa Superintendent ma họpụta ya dịka onye isi na-ahụ maka ọzụzụ ndị uwe ojii, Ikoyi, Lagos.
Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na [[Nigeria Police Force|Ndị uwe ojii Naịjirịa]] n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1970 iji rụọ ọrụ iwu.
=== Iwu ===
A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke otu ndị ọka iwu nke Naijiria, Alaka Benin, site na 1974 ruo 1978. Ọ ghọrọ onye na-echekwa ego nke otu ndị ọka iwu nke Naijiria wee jee ozi site na 1978 ruo 1980. O wee bụrụ odeakwụkwọ, kọmitii ego, ọgbakọ iwu Commonwealth nke isii na 1980. Ọ bụkwa onye otu General Council of the Bar site na 1978 ruo 1984. Ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi nleta maka nkuzi na usoro iwu obodo na Institute of Advanced Legal Studies na 1985.
Site na 1979 ruo 1985, ọ bụ onye otu Council of Legal Education. Ọ ghọkwara onye otu, Kọmitii Ịdọ Aka ná Ntị, nke General Council of the Bar, site na 1990 ruo 1995 na onye otu, Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee site na 1991 ruo 1993 (komiti nke na-enye ọkwa nke Senior Advocate of Nigeria on Lawyers).
Ọ ghọrọ Onye Nnukwu Ọkaiwu nke Naịjirịa (SAN) n'afọ 1986.
N'oge dị iche iche n'ọrụ ya, ọ nọchitere anya Elf Petroleum Nigeria Ltd., Dumez Nigeria Ltd., Elf Oil Nig. Ltd., Bight Engineering Ltd., Life Flour Mill Ltd., Sapele, Nigeria Police Force, State Security Services, University of Benin, Oil Mineral Producing Area Development Commission (OMPADEC).
Ọ bụ onye guzobere na onye isi mmekọ nke ụlọ ọrụ iwu Solomon Asemota & Co. (site na 1970), Barristers na Solicitors, nwere ọfịs na Benin City, Lagos, Port Harcourt, [[Abuja]] na [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lawnigeria.com/Legalservices/LawFirmswithSeniorAdvocatesofNigeria(SAN)2.html|title=NIGERIAN LAW FIRMS with Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)|work=lawnigeria.com|accessdate=2019-01-17}}</ref>
== Nkwado ==
* Ihe nrite nnwere onwe, 1960
* Ihe nrite ONUC (Congo), 1962
* Ihe nrite nke Republican, 1963
* Ihe nrite nke Agha Obodo, 1970
=== Nsọpụrụ ===
* Jubilee Alumnus Award, Law Faculty, University of Lagos, maka ihe ịga nke ọma dị ịrịba ama na ọha mmadụ na 1987
* Ihe nrite Distinguished Merit, Edo State University, Ekpoma, 1996
* Onyinye CAN Merit, November 1999
== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==
* "Nigerian's Securities and Exchange Commission Act 1979" (N'ime International Business Lawyer, Journal of the Section on Business Law of the International Bar Association, October 1981, Vol. 9).
nke Naịjirịa na nzukọ nke ndị nnọchi anya ndị nkịtị, Archdiocese nke Lagos na IWOPIN na Fraịde, July 14, 2006.
* Ojukwu and the Ethnic Nationalities Movement of Nigeria by Solomon Asemota, SAN, November 28, 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arisenigeria.org/peoples-news/277-ojukwu-and-the-ethnic-nationalities-movement-of-nigeria-by-solomon-asemota-san?format=pdf|title=Ojukwu and the Ethnic Nationalities Movement of Nigeria|author=Asemota|first=Solomon|date=2011-11-28|work=www.arisenigeria.org|accessdate=2019-01-17|archivedate=2025-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124091927/http://www.arisenigeria.org/peoples-news/277-ojukwu-and-the-ethnic-nationalities-movement-of-nigeria-by-solomon-asemota-san?format=pdf}}</ref>
* Constitutional Development Options for Sustainable Development in Nigeria, January 2017.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Asemota|first=Solomon|date=January 2017|title=CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA|url=https://csmnigeria.org/images/docs/Constitutional_development_options_for_sustainable_development_in_Nigeria.pdf|journal=Nigerian National Political Summit}}</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Sarah Adwoa Safo (amuru 28 Disemba 1981) [1] bu onye ọka iwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị onye Ghana. Ọ bụ onye otu New Patriotic Party na onye omeiwu kemgbe 2013 maka Dome Kwabenya Constituency nke Greater Accra Region nke Ghana.[2][3] Ọ bụ Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka okike, ụmụaka na nchekwa ọha ruo na 28 Julaị 2022 mgbe Onye isi ala Nana Akufo-Addo chụrụ ya n'ọrụ..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarah Adwoa Safo dismissed as Minister|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/adwoa-safo-dismissed-as-minister.html|accessdate=2022-08-06|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-28|title=Adwoa Safo sacked from her role as Gender Minister|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/07/adwoa-safo-sacked-as-gender-minister/|accessdate=2022-08-06|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-30|title=Dismissal of Adwoa Safo as Gender Minister long overdue – Governance Expert|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Dismissal-of-Adwoa-Safo-as-Gender-Minister-long-overdue-Governance-Expert-1593032|accessdate=2022-08-06|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2023-05-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527204245/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Dismissal-of-Adwoa-Safo-as-Gender-Minister-long-overdue-Governance-Expert-1593032}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-29|title=Ghanaians react to Adwoa Safo's dismissal as Gender Minister - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ghanaians-react-to-adwoa-safos-dismissal-as-gender-minister/|accessdate=2022-08-06|work=myjoyonline|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Adwoa Safo n'aka onye mmepụta ihe na onye ụkọchukwu Ghana, Apostle Kwadwo Safo na Mọnde, 28 Disemba 1981.[1] Nna ya bụ onye guzobere Ụka Kristo Asafo na ụgbọ ala Kantanka gbakọtara n'obodo.[2] Ọ bụ onye nkuzi n'ụlọ wee dee wee gafee ọkwa GCE A' na 1998. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 17, ọ banyere na Mahadum Ghana Faculty of Law ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Iwu (LLB) na 2002.[3][4] Safo bụ osote onye isi oche otu ụmụ akwụkwọ iwu (LSU) n'afọ ikpeazụ ya. Ọ gara n'ihu na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Iwu Ghana ma kpọọ ya na Bar na October 2004 mgbe ọ dị afọ 22.[5] O nwere LLM na Mahadum George Washington.[6][4] Na Septemba 2022, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Nottingham na Diploma Postgraduate na Iwu Nzụta Ọha na Iwu<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-27|title=Adwoa Safo bags postgraduate diploma from University of Nottingham|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Adwoa-Safo-bags-postgraduate-diploma-from-University-of-Nottingham-1631159|accessdate=2022-09-28|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2022-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002161559/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Adwoa-Safo-bags-postgraduate-diploma-from-University-of-Nottingham-1631159}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nwa oge na Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] ma mesịa laghachi Ghana.<ref name=":Ad">{{Cite web|title=Meet Adwoa Safo, MP Dome-Kwabenya|url=https://www.thefinderonline.com/politics/item/5875-meet-adwoa-safo-mp-dome-kwabenya|accessdate=2021-01-10|work=thefinderonline|archivedate=2019-09-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904145442/https://www.thefinderonline.com/politics/item/5875-meet-adwoa-safo-mp-dome-kwabenya}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, ọ sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu Kulendi @ law, mgbe ahụ Zoe, Akyea & Co, dị ka onye na-ahụ maka iwu onwe ya ma rụọ ọrụ na Kọmitii Nkwado nke Legal Aid Board nke Ghana dị ka onye ogbugbo.
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ iwu mbụ nke Public Procurement Authority (PPA) ruo afọ abụọ (2) ma rụọ ọrụ dị ukwuu n'ịmepụta atụmatụ ndị ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka ịmepụta Ngalaba Mkpesa na Mkpesa nke PPA na mgbanwe aha nke Public Procorement Board ka ọ bụrụ Public Procurment Authority.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LLM Alumna Appointed Minister of State|url=https://www.law.gwu.edu/llm-alumna-appointed-minister-state|work=law.gwu.edu|accessdate=2021-01-10}}</ref>
A họpụtara ya na mbụ dị ka onye omeiwu maka Dome Kwabenya na 2012.
A họpụtara ya ọzọ na ntuli aka 2016 na 2020. Ọ bụ osote onye isi nke ndị omeiwu nke asaa nke Republic of Ghana ma bụrụkwa naanị nwanyị omeiwu na Ghana rịgooro n'ọkwa nke abụọ nke ndị omebe iwu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pulse.com.gh/politics/npp-government-adwoa-safo-named-deputy-majority-leader-id6001182.html|title=NPP Government: Adwoa Safo named Deputy Majority Leader – Politics – Pulse|author=Taylor|first=Mildred Europa|accessdate=4 February 2017}}</ref>
A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista nke Steeti na-ahụ maka ịzụta gọọmentị na 2017, na-eje ozi ruo 2021, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Adwoa Safo appointed Minister of State|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Adwoa-Safo-appointed-Minister-of-State-519012|accessdate=9 March 2019|work=ghanaweb.}}</ref> n'okpuru Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, onye isi ala nke ise nke 4th [[Ghana|Republic of Ghana]].
Na omeiwu nke asatọ n'okpuru Republic nke anọ nke Ghana, Akufo-Addo họpụtara ya dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka Mmekọahụ, Ụmụaka na Nchebe Ọha. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ a ruo na 28 Julaị 2022 mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-21|title=Six ministers reassigned, four deputies elevated in Nana Addo’s new government|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/01/six-ministers-reassigned-four-deputies-elevated-in-nana-addos-new-government/|accessdate=2021-01-27|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-22|title=Adwoa Safo will be screened thoroughly as Gender Minister designate - Nana Oye|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/adwoa-safo-will-be-screened-thoroughly-as-gender-minister-designate-nana-oye/n8kevhv|accessdate=2021-01-27|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Adwoa Safo leaves Procurement, heads to Gender Ministry - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/adwoa-safo-leaves-procurement-heads-to-gender-ministry/|accessdate=2021-01-27|work=myjoyonline.|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-28|title=Adwoa Safo sacked from her role as Gender Minister|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/07/adwoa-safo-sacked-as-gender-minister/|accessdate=2022-07-29|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref>
== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Adwoa Safo bụ onye otu New Patriotic Party ma na-anọchite anya mpaghara Dome Kwabenya na 6th, 7th na Eighth Parliament nke Fourth Republic of Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=47|accessdate=2024-03-22|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=2023-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203071646/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=47}}</ref>
=== Nhọrọ nke afọ 2012 ===
Sarah Adwao Safo zọọrọ oche ndị omeiwu Dome Kwabenya n'oge ntuli aka izugbe Ghana na 2012 na tiketi New Patriotic Party wee merie na vootu 63,373 na-anọchite anya 63.75% nke ngụkọta vootu. A họpụtara ya dịka onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi onye omebe iwu nke National Democratic Congress Sophia Karen Ackuaku onye nwere vootu 35,366 nke ya na 35.58%, Ernest Kwesi Anyornisi nke Progressive People's Party nwere vootu 312 na-anọchite anya 0.31%, Abubakar Kwashie Gege Ebla nke PNC, onye nwere vootu 180.1. 107 votes na-anọchi anya 0.11% na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị NDP Sam Mireku nwere 56 votes na-anọchite anya 0.06% nke mkpokọta votes.<ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Dome / Kwabenya Constituency Results - Election 2012|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/greateraccra/dome_kwabenya/|accessdate=2024-03-22|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2024-09-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925231034/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/greateraccra/dome_kwabenya/}}</ref>
==== Nhọrọ 2016 ====
A họpụtara Adwao Safo ọzọ dị ka onye otu ndị omeiwu maka mpaghara Dome Kwabenya na tiketi nke New Patriotic Party na ntuli aka Ghana nke afọ 2016 na votu 63,488 na-anọchite anya 67.99%. A họpụtara ya karịa Nurudeen Mohammed nke National Democratic Congress, Martha Akpah Yeboah nke Convention People's Party na Abdul Kadir Issah nke People's National Convention. Ha nwere vootu 29,392, vootu 336 na vootu 157 n'otu nke ya na 31.48%, 0.36% na 0.17% nke ngụkọta vootu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Dome / Kwabenya Constituency Results - Election 2016|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/greateraccra/dome_kwabenya/|accessdate=2024-03-22|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2023-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209190011/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/greateraccra/dome_kwabenya/}}</ref>
===== Nhọrọ 2020 =====
A họpụtara ya ọzọ dị ka onye otu ndị omeiwu maka mpaghara Dome Kwabenya na tiketi nke New Patriotic Party n'oge ntuli aka Ghana nke afọ 2020 na votu 75, 041 na-anọchite anya 58.4% nke ngụkọta votu. A họpụtara ya karịa Faustina Elikplim Akurugu nke National Democratic Congress, Kofi Kwachie Asante nke LPG, Anderson Adongo Emmanuel nke IND na Abdul Kadir Issah nke People's National Convention. Ha nwetara vootu 52,262, vootu 804, vootu 271 na vootu 221, n'otu, nke kwekọrọ na 40.6%, 0.6%, 0.2% na 0.2% nke ngụkọta vootu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=2020 Election - Dome / Kwabenya Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/greateraccra/dome_kwabenya/|accessdate=2024-03-22|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2024-03-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322140628/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/greateraccra/dome_kwabenya/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dome/Kwabenya – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report|url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/greater-accra-region/dome-kwabenya/|accessdate=2024-03-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliamentary Results for Dome Kwabenya|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?ID=150&mode=parliamentary|accessdate=2024-03-22|work=mobile.ghanaweb.com}}</ref>
Ọ meriri na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke NPP na 2024 na Micheal Oquaye Jnr onye nwetara vootu 1,194 megide 328 site na Adwoa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-01-27|title=Sarah Adwoa Safo loses Dome Kwabenya to Micheal Oquaye Jr - MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sarah-adwoa-safo-loses-dome-kwabenya-to-micheal-oquaye-jr/|accessdate=2024-01-31|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-01-27|title=NPP Primaries: Adwoa Safo loses Dome-Kwabenya to Mike Oquaye|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/01/npp-primaries-adwoa-safo-loses-dome-kwabenya-to-mike-oquaye/|accessdate=2024-03-22|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-01-31|title=Adwoa Safo breaks silence on election defeat, hints of political future|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Adwoa-Safo-breaks-silence-on-election-defeat-hints-of-political-future-1914141|accessdate=2024-03-22|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref>
===== Nhọrọ nke 2024 =====
Sarah Adwoa Safo, onye nọchitere anya mpaghara Dome Kwabenya na nzuko omeiwu kemgbe 2012, tụfuru oche ya na ntuli aka izugbe nke 2024. Na primaries New Patriotic Party (NPP) emere na Jenụwarị 27, 2024, Mike Oquaye Jnr meriri ya, nwa onye bụbu Onye isi oche nke nzuko omeiwu, Prọfesọ Mike Oquaye. Oquaye Jnr nwetara votu 1,194, ebe Adwoa Safo nwetara votu 328.. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Agyei|first=Isaac Kofi|date=January 27, 2024|title=Results from NPP parliamentary primaries|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/live-results-npp-parliamentary-primary/}}</ref>
Ọganihu a na-egosi na Sarah Adwoa Safo anaghịzi arụ ọrụ dị ka onye omeiwu.
== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Adwoa Safo onye amụrụ na Ashanti Bekwai, Ghana lụrụ di na Satọdee, 17 Ọgọst 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MP For Dome Kwabenya Constituency Hon. Adwoa Safo Marries|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201908/388325.php|accessdate=2019-08-04|work=peace fm online|archivedate=2023-05-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531135531/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201908/388325.php}}</ref> Ọ bụ Onye Kraịst.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=47|accessdate=2024-07-28|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=2023-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203071646/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=47}}</ref> O nwere ụmụ abụọ na onye omeiwu Assin North Maazị [[Kennedy Agyapong]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ndetei|first=Chris|date=2018-08-21|title=Profile: Adwoa Safo children, husband and pictures - YEN.COM.GH|url=https://yen.com.gh/114328-profile-adwoa-safo-children-husband-pictures.html|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=yen.com.gh|language=en}}</ref>
== Onyinye na mmata ==
Adwoa bụ onye a họpụtara maka onyinye Nobles Forum na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Adwoa Safo to receive Nobles Forum Award|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=256951|accessdate=2 September 2015|work=ghanaweb}}</ref> Glitz Africa kwanyeere ya ugwu dị ka otu n'ime Top 100 Women of the Year . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Glitz top 100 inspirational women – Page 100 – Glitz Africa Magazine|url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/100/|accessdate=2022-05-28|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526112709/https://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/}}</ref>
== Edemsibia ==
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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{{Infobox officeholder|image=|parliament=Ghana|majority=|predecessor=[[Francis Osafo-Mensah]]|successor=[[Davis Ansah Opoku]]|termstart=January 2013|termend=December 2020|party=[[New Patriotic Party]]}}
Seth Kwame Acheampong ( dhoof na Disemba 18, 1971) bụ onye agha Ghana ma bụrụ onye otu ndị omeiwu nke asaa nke Republic nke anọ nke Ghana na-anya anya Mpraeso Constituency na Eastern Region na tiketi nke New Patriotic Party . [1] N'afọ 2020, ọ meri n'ibuzi New Patriotic Party na-aga na mbụ aka ndị omeiwu na Davis Ansah Opoku.[2] Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka minista nke mpaghara Ọwụwa ịkpa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eastern Reg. Minister receives massive support to return to Parliament in 2025|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2023/08/eastern-reg-minister-receives-massive-support-to-return-to-parliament-in-2025/?amp=1|work=StarrFm Ghana|accessdate=2025-03-22|archivedate=2024-09-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925102926/https://starrfm.com.gh/2023/08/eastern-reg-minister-receives-massive-support-to-return-to-parliament-in-2025/?amp=1}}</ref>
== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Acheampong bụ Onye Kraịst (Presbyterian). Ọ lụrụ di.<ref name="mps">{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Acheampong, Kwame Seth|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=23|accessdate=2020-02-09|work=GhanaMps.|archivedate=2020-01-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114081018/http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=23}}</ref>
== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A Manchester Acheampong na Disemba 18, 1971. Ọ si Atibie-Kwahu, obodo dị na mpaghara ọmụmụ nke Ghana.[1] Ọhụ na Graduate School of Management, France, Paris wee nweta diplọma postgraduate ya na Management na 2008. <ref name="mps" />
== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Acheampong bụ onye otu New Patriotic Party (NPP). Ọ bụ onye otu nke ise, nke isii na nke asaa nke Republic of Ghana. [1] O bu ụzọ banye na ndị omeiwu na January 2009 na-enweta vootu 17,519 n'ime vootu 25,468 ziri ezi na mpaghara ya. [2] N'afọ 2012, o ndị maka nhọpụta ọzọ n'ime oche ndị omeiwu nke Mpraeso Constituency na tiketi nke NPP ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndị omeiwu ya nke isii nke mba nke anọ wee merie.[3] Ọ ka na- ruo anya ndị omeiwu ya taa.<ref name="Parliament of Ghana">{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=171|accessdate=2020-07-06|work=Parliament Of Ghana|archivedate=2024-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301080524/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=171}}</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
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[[Faịlụ:Oheneyere_Gifty_Anti.jpg|thumb|Onye Anti nwere onyinye]]
'''Oheneyere Gifty Anti''' (amụrụ na Jenụwarị 23, 1970) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Oheneyere-Gifty-Anti-looks-younger-than-ever-at-age-50-846235|title=Oheneyere Gifty Anti looks younger than ever at age 50|author=|first=|date=|work=|language=en|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> bụ onye nta akụkọ na onye mgbasa ozi [[Ghana]]. Ọ bụ onye na-elekọta mmemme Standpoint nke na-atụle okwu metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Ghana Television.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glitz top 100 inspirational women – Page 100 – Glitz Africa Magazine|url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/100/|accessdate=2022-05-28|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526112709/https://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/}}</ref><ref name="stand1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/about.html|title=The StandPoint Profile|publisher=thestandpoint.com|accessdate=9 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710055925/http://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/about.html|archivedate=10 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/GIJ-Women-s-Commission-to-honour-Oheneyere-Gifty-Anti-tonight-739544|title=GIJ Women's Commission to honour Oheneyere Gifty Anti tonight|work=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2019-05-18}}</ref>
== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Gifty bụ onye Cape Coast na Central Region mana amụrụ ma zụlite na Tema, Greater Accra Region nke Ghana. [1] [2] Ọ bụ ọdụdụ n'ime ụmụaka asatọ.[3] N'ihi ihe isi ike akụ na ụba, ọ na-ere ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwá nkà iji kpata ihe e ji ebi ndụ.[4]
Gifty lụrụ [[Nana Ansah Kwao nke Anọ]], Onye isi Akwamu Adumasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-m-dyslexic-Nana-Ansah-Kwao-598964|title=I'm dyslexic – Nana Ansah Kwao|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-16}}</ref> Ememe agbamakwụkwọ ha mere na Trinity Baptist Church na 25 Ọktoba 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-26|title=Oheneyere Gifty Anti & Husband In Church (PHOTOS). {{!}} ANAPUAFM.COM - Today's Hits Yesterday's Classics!|url=https://anapuafm.com/oheneyere-gifty-anti-husband-in-church-photos/|accessdate=2021-10-12|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya n'ụbọchị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive Photos of Gifty Anti and Nana Ansah Kwao's Church Blessing Ceremony|url=http://accrareport.com/news/exclusive-photos-of-gifty-anti-and-nana-ansah-kwaos-church-blessing-ceremony/|work=The Accra Report|accessdate=2015-10-27|date=2015-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201708/324835.php|title=Gifty Anti And Husband Outdoor 'Royal Baby'|author=Online|first=Peace FM|accessdate=2018-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/september-3rd/royal-baby-makeup-free-gifty-anti-gives-thanks-to-god.php|title=Royal baby: Makeup free Gifty Anti gives thanks to God|date=2017-09-03|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=2019-05-18|archivedate=2019-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518145502/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/september-3rd/royal-baby-makeup-free-gifty-anti-gives-thanks-to-god.php}}</ref> Nwa ha nwanyị, Nyame Anuonyam, bụ nganga nke ya ma gosipụta ọṅụ dị ukwuu n'inwe nwa ọrụ ebube, ọbụlagodi na ọ dị afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201901/373197.php|title=Beautiful and Adorable! — Gifty Anti Flaunts 'Special' Daughter As She Happily Marks Her Birthday – PHOTO|author=Online|first=Peace FM|work=www.peacefmonline.com|accessdate=2019-06-08|archivedate=2022-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226124441/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201901/373197.php}}</ref>
Ọ nwetara nsọpụrụ na aha ọhụrụ e nyere ya mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ azụmahịa Accra nyere ya Fellowship of Boardroom Institute (FBI). A maara ya dị ka Oheneyere FBI Dr Gifty Anti. [1]
== Mmụta ==
Gifty Anti gụrụ akwụkwọ na Tema community 8 "Number 1" Basic School. Ọ gara Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ụmụ nwanyị Mfantsiman ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ntụrụndụ. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Ghana Institute of Journalism nke o jere ozi dị ka Kọmishọna Ụmụ nwanyị. <ref name="Myjoyonline.com">{{Cite web|title=Ghana News - Joy FM's Personality Profile: Gifty Anti talks work, women, romance and rumours|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2013/november-22nd/joy-fms-personality-profile-gifty-anti-talks-work-women-romance-and-rumours.php|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=2015-08-01|author=Myjoyonline.com|archivedate=2015-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022222726/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2013/november-22nd/joy-fms-personality-profile-gifty-anti-talks-work-women-romance-and-rumours.php}}</ref> <ref name="carp1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/music/14654/3/i-have-been-a-carpenter-before-gifty-anti-reveals.html|title=I have been a carpenter before, Gifty Anti reveals|publisher=myjoyonline.com|date=11 March 2011|accessdate=9 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Int'l Women's Day: The Gifty Anti factor - How her 'feminist' father influenced her life - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/intl-womens-day-the-gifty-anti-factor-how-her-feminist-father-influenced-her-life/|accessdate=2021-08-29|work=www.myjoyonline.com|date=8 March 2021|language=en-US}}</ref> O nwekwara nzere masta na akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa site na City, Mahadum [[London]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/103492-dr-gifty-anti-biography-2020.html|title=Dr Gifty Anti biography: Husband, siblings, wedding, daughter, photos|date=26 October 2020}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
Gifty malitere ọrụ ya na nta akụkọ dịka onye nta akụkọ na Ghana News Agency, wee kwaga na Ghanaian Times dịka onye ode akwụkwọ ọrụ. O mechara rụọ ọrụ dịka onye nta akụkọ na Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC), ebe nyekwara ya nhọrọ ịrụ ọrụ maka obodo ya. [1]
Gifty nwetara ọrụ mbụ ya dị ka onye njikwa ala na GTV.<ref name="carp1"/> O mechara bụrụ onye na-eme ihe ngosi TV, onye nkuzi, onye na-akwado okike na onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/October-16th/photos-gifty-anti-nana-ansah-kwao-iv-celebrate-3-years-of-marriage.php|title=Photos: Gifty Anti, Nana Ansah Kwao IV celebrate 3 years of marriage|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=2019-05-19|archivedate=2018-10-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016164844/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/October-16th/photos-gifty-anti-nana-ansah-kwao-iv-celebrate-3-years-of-marriage.php}}</ref> Ọ bụ Onye isi nchịkwa nke GDA Concept ugbu a na onye na-elekọta Stand Point [https://yfmghana.com/gifty-anti-talks-about-the-inspiration-behind-standpoint/], ihe ngosi okwu banyere nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Gifty-Anti-shares-inspiring-story-of-how-she-made-it-in-her-career-667555|title=Gifty Anti shares inspiring story of how she made it in her career|work=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2019-06-17}}</ref> Ihe ngosi ya; The Stand Point na-egosikwa na ABN TV na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]].<ref name=":0"/>
Mgbe ọ nọ na Ghanaian Times [akwụkwọ akụkọ Ghana), ọ natara ntụziaka site n'aka Liz Hayfron.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prioritise youth mentoring in national developmental agenda - Gifty Anti - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/prioritise-youth-mentoring-in-national-developmental-agenda-gifty-anti/|accessdate=2021-08-29|work=www.myjoyonline.com|date=20 August 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>
N'afọ 2019, ọ malitere akwụkwọ ya akpọrọ A Bit Of Me; akwụkwọ ahụ ruru nọmba mbụ na [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] mgbe otu izu nke mbipụta gasịrị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/August-3rd/gifty-antis-a-bit-of-me-number-1-on-amazon-in-less-than-a-week.php|title=Gifty Anti's 'A Bit of Me' number 1 on Amazon in less than a week|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=2020-01-27|archivedate=2020-01-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127164044/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/August-3rd/gifty-antis-a-bit-of-me-number-1-on-amazon-in-less-than-a-week.php}}</ref>
Ọ bụ onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke Girl in Need Foundation na Awo Dansoa Reading Project nakwa onye nnọchi anya maka mkpọsa megide ọnwụ ụmụ ọhụrụ.<ref name=":0"/>
== Onyinye ==
* Gwa ya Moms Ihe Nlereanya Nkwado Feminist Honour 2019 [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121015151/https://timesinghana.com/gifty-anti-biography-and-net-worth/]
* Onye na-ahụ maka [[Iba|ịba]] n'ụwa <ref>{{Cite web|title=NMCP appoints Gifty Anti as National Malaria Advocate - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nmcp-appoints-gifty-anti-as-national-malaria-advocate/|accessdate=2021-08-29|work=www.myjoyonline.com|date=29 April 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Nwanyị Kasị Na-akpali Akpali na Mgbasa Ozi <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-18|title=Ghana's Most Inspiring Women Awards: Gifty Anti, others win big at maiden event|url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/entertainment/ghana-s-most-inspiring-women-awards-gifty-anti-others-win-big-at-maiden-event.html|accessdate=2021-08-29|work=Prime News Ghana|language=en-us}}</ref>
* Ụmụ nwanyị kachasị nwee mmetụta<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shatta Wale, Gifty Anti, Others Win Big At Ghana Actors And Entertainers Awards [Full List]|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/60514/shatta-wale-gifty-anti-others-win-big-at-ghana.html|accessdate=2021-08-29|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref>
* United Nation's MDGs 4&5 Ambassador Award 2012 <ref name=":0"/>
* Onyinye nke African Women in Leadership Organisation <ref name=":0" />
== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==
* Otu akụkụ nke m (2019) [https://www.amazon.com/Bit-Me-Oheneyere-Gifty-Anti/dp/0999118110]
* ''Nuggets iri ise'' (2020) [https://www.amazon.com/Fifty-Nuggets-Oheneyere-Gifty-Anti/dp/0999118145]
* ''Ihe kacha mma n'ime gị'' (2020) [https://www.amazon.com/Best-You-Oheneyere-Gifty-Anti-ebook/dp/B08B18V51C]
* Ọ gbawara agbawa ma mara mma<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thriftbooks.com/a/oheneyere-gifty-anti/4326674/|title=Oheneyere Gifty Anti Books | List of books by author Oheneyere Gifty Anti}}</ref>
* Ụlọ 5005<ref name=":1" />
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
io9a0b8cxby2yeia1aa94sfg2gtt9e3
Technobabble
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'''Technobabble''' (a portmanteau nke ''teknụzụ'' na babble), nke enwere ike ịkpọkwa '''technospeak''', <ref name="OED">{{Cite book|title=Oxford Desk Dictionary and Thesaurus|url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddeskdictio0000unse_f2h5|publisher=Spark Publishing|location=Oxford|year=2007|edition=2nd|isbn=978-1-4114-0508-0}}</ref> bụ ụdị ihe nzuzu nke nwere ''okwu mkparị'', asụsụ esoteric, ma ọ bụ okwu teknụzụ. <ref name="CB">{{Cite web|url=http://www.criminalbrief.com/?p=10866|title=Buzzwords – bang * splat !|author=Lundin|first=Leigh|date=2009-12-31|publisher=Criminal Brief|work=Don Martin School of Software|accessdate=2026-03-03|archivedate=2018-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713015403/http://criminalbrief.com/?p=10866}}</ref> Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na akụkọ sayensị. A na-akpọ ojiji nke technobabble na mbara igwe ''Star Trek'' '''treknobabble'''.
== Leekwa ==
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* Archived?author=oid%3A43048" id="mwPA" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ogwe teknụzụ a na-akpọ Technobabble E debere Wayback Machine
* [https://continuingmissionsta.com/2017/09/18/need-some-technobabble-for-your-game/ Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka mmadụ kwụsị]
* {{Cite web|author=Tremeer|first=Eleanor|title=Reverse The Polarity! What Is Technobabble And Why Do We Use It?|url=https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/what-is-technobabble|accessdate=2023-11-16|work=Babbel Magazine|language=en}}
*
* {{Cite web|author=Wagstaff|first=Keith|date=2018-07-15|title=The science behind Star Trek technobabble|url=https://mashable.com/article/star-trek-science-technobabble|accessdate=2023-11-16|work=Mashable|language=en}}
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Omewa Joy Ogochukwu
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Joy Ogochukwu Omewa (amụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2002) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa nke na-agba bọọlụ dịka onye na-agba bọọlụ n'ihu maka Nottingham Forest na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị nke Naịjirịa.
== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ọrụ ọkachamara nke Omewa malitere na mba ya nke Naijiria na Confluence Queens <ref>{{Cite web|author=Adegboyega|first=Bayo|date=25 November 2020|title=Flying Officers Cup 2020: Ali, Alani, Jerry Named In Best XI|url=https://ogunradio.ng/2020/11/25/flying-officers-cup-2020-ali-alani-jerry-named-in-best-xi/|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=ogunradio.ng|publisher=[[Ogun State Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> tupu ọ bịarute na Østerbro, sonye na B.93 na Eprel 2021 <ref>{{Cite web|title=19. Omewa Joy Ohochukwu|url=https://b93prof.dk/project/19-omewa-joy-ogochukwu/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223904/https://b93prof.dk/project/19-omewa-joy-ogochukwu/|archivedate=22 July 2021|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=b93prof.dk|publisher=B.93|language=da}}</ref> dị ka mgbalị jikọrọ aka n'etiti klọb abụọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=12 April 2021|title=Udenlandsk tilgang til B.93 Q|url=https://b93prof.dk/1-kvindesenior/udenlandsk-tilgang-til-b-93-q/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223907/https://b93prof.dk/1-kvindesenior/udenlandsk-tilgang-til-b-93-q/|archivedate=22 July 2021|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=b93prof.dk|publisher=B.93|language=da}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 3 Eprel 2021 na mmeri 0-1 na AaB. N'oge ọ nọ na klọb ahụ, ọ ga-apụta ugboro itoolu mgbe ọ na-agba goolu atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 April 2021|title=Snævert nederlag til AaB|url=https://b93prof.dk/kampreferat/snaevert-nederlag-til-aab/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223905/https://b93prof.dk/kampreferat/snaevert-nederlag-til-aab/|archivedate=22 July 2021|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=b93prof.dk|publisher=B.93|language=da}}</ref>
Na Nọvemba afọ 2021, e rere Omewa nye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị ibe ya bụ Fortuna Hjørring na Kvindeligaen, nke bụ otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị kacha elu na Denmark.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 November 2021|title=Omewa Joy Ogochuckwu udlejes til Kvindeligaklub|url=https://b93prof.dk/1-kvindesenior/omewa-joy-oguchuckwu-udlejes-til-kvindeligaklub/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621194330/https://b93prof.dk/1-kvindesenior/omewa-joy-oguchuckwu-udlejes-til-kvindeligaklub/|archivedate=21 June 2023|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=b93prof.dk|publisher=B.93|language=da}}</ref> N'oge afọ 2024-25, o wepụrụ onwe ya na mbọ ọ na-agba, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Jensen|first=Michael Sten|date=21 April 2025|title='Det er mega fedt at vise Danmark, at vi er med igen'|url=https://www.dr.dk/sporten/fodbold/kvindeligaen/det-er-mega-fedt-vise-danmark-vi-er-med-igen|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=dr.dk|publisher=[[DR (broadcaster)|DR]]|language=da}}</ref> na-agba goolu iri na anọ na enyemaka anọ naanị n'egwuregwu league iri na asaa n'etiti ọnwa Eprel. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 April 2025|title=Fortuna på guldkurs: Vandt topkamp over FC Nordsjælland|url=https://www.fodboldforpiger.dk/2025/04/fortuna-paa-guldkurs-vandt-topkamp-over-fc-nordsjaelland/|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=fodboldforpiger.dk|publisher=Fodbold for Piger|language=da}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Omewa Bags A Brace, Fires Fortuna Hjorring Closer to Glory in Denmark|url=https://www.brila.net/omewa-bags-a-brace-fires-fortuna-hjorring-closer-to-glory-in-denmark/|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=brila.net|publisher=[[Brila FM]]|archivedate=27 April 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427141828/https://www.brila.net/omewa-bags-a-brace-fires-fortuna-hjorring-closer-to-glory-in-denmark/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skipper|first=Niels|date=13 April 2025|title=Klassespil af Fortuna|url=https://nordsoeposten.dk/klassespil-af-fortuna/|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=nordsoeposten.dk|language=da}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Oge 2024-25&nbsp;, ya na klọb ahụ meriri okpukpu abụọ n'ụlọ - na-emeri Danish Women's League na Women's Cup. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Muminović|first=Arnela|date=10 May 2025|title=Så lykkedes det endelig: Fortuna Hjørring er dansk mester igen|url=https://www.dr.dk/sporten/fodbold/kvindeligaen/fortuna-hjoerring-vinder-det-danske-mesterskab|accessdate=17 May 2025|work=dr.dk|publisher=DR|language=da}}</ref><ref name="Bagger-2025" /> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nielsen|first=Anders Juncker|title=Fortuna Hjørring sælger stjerneangriber til Nottingham Forest|work=Fodbold for piger|date=27 January 2026|url=https://www.fodboldforpiger.dk/2026/01/fortuna-hjoerring-saelger-stjerneangriber-til-nottingham-forest/|language=danish|accessdate=30 January 2026}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2025, a nabatara ya dị ka onye egwuregwu nke oge na Danish Women's League maka arụmọrụ ya. <ref name="Grønberg-2025" />
Na 27 Jenụwarị 2026, otu egwuregwu ụmụnwaanyị nke Nottingham Forest, nke akpọrọ Women's Super League 2, bịanyere aka na Omewa ruo na ngwụcha oge 2025–26. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Forest women complete Joy Omewa signing|url=https://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/news/2026/january/27/forest-women-complete-joy-omewa-signing/|accessdate=28 January 2026|publisher=[[Nottingham Forest F.C.]]|date=27 January 2026}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 1 Febụwarị, malite egwuregwu ahụ ma gbaa otu goolu na mmeri 5-1 na Birmingham City.
== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A kpọrọ Omewa n'oge gara aga na ndị otu [[Otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa na-erubeghị afọ iri na asaa|U-17]] <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ahmadu|first=Dennis|date=9 January 2025|title=Exclusive: Joy Omewa the Nigerian Star Lighting Up Danish Football|url=https://www.sportsboom.com/en-ng/football/exclusive-joy-omewa-fortuna-hjorring-sensation-aiming-to-pave-way-for-africans-in-denmark/|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=sportsboom.com}}</ref> na [[Nigeria women's national under-20 football team|U-20]] nke Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2024|title=Nigeria's Flamingos in Final Preparations for U-17 Women's World Cup|url=https://www.brila.net/nigerias-flamingos-in-final-preparations-for-u-17-womens-world-cup/|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=brila.net|publisher=Brila FM|archivedate=25 September 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925144201/https://www.brila.net/nigerias-flamingos-in-final-preparations-for-u-17-womens-world-cup/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=5 June 2022|title=U20 Women's World Cup: Omewa makes Nigeria's 30-woman provisional squad|url=https://sportnewsafrica.com/en/at-a-glance/u20-womens-world-cup-omewa-makes-nigerias-30-woman-provisional-squad/|accessdate=26 April 2025|work=sportsnewsafrica.com|archivedate=11 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811205049/https://sportnewsafrica.com/en/at-a-glance/u20-womens-world-cup-omewa-makes-nigerias-30-woman-provisional-squad/}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya na Naịjirịa na 24 Ọktoba 2025, na-abịa dị ka onye nnọchi anya na mmeri Naịjirị 2-0 na-agafe Benin na 2026 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualifier.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 October 2025|title=WAFCON 2026: Super Falcons defeat Benin 2–0 in first leg|url=https://www.aclsports.com/wafcon-2026-super-falcons-defeat-benin-2-0-in-first-leg/|accessdate=19 February 2026|work=aclsports.com}}</ref>
== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{{updated|match played 8 February 2026}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan="2" |Klọb
! rowspan="2" |Oge
! colspan="3" |Njikọ
! colspan="2" |Iko Mba[a]
! colspan="2" |Kọntinent
! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan="1" |B.93
|2020–21
|Ngalaba 1st nke ụmụ nwanyị Danish
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
|9[b]
|3
|9
|3
|-
| rowspan="6" |Fortuna Hjørring
|2021–22
|Kvindeligaen
|7
|3
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|7
|3
|-
|2022–23
|Kvindeligaen
|21
|8
|0
|0
|2[c]
|0
| colspan="2" | -
|23
|8
|-
|2023–24
|Kvindeligaen
|19
|6
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|19
|6
|-
|2024–25
|Kvindeligaen
|24
|22
|4
|3
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|28
|25
|-
|2025–26
|Njikọ A
|14
|13
|0
|0
|8[d]
|7
| colspan="2" | -
|22
|20
|-
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
!85
!52
!4
!3
!10
!7
!0
!0
!99
!62
|-
|-
|Ọhịa Nottingham
|2025–26
|Super League nke ụmụ nwanyị 2
|2
|1
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|2
|1
|-
! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile
!87
!53
!4
!3
!10
!7
!9
!3
!110
!66
|}
== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Fortuna Hjørring'''
* Kvindeligaen: 2024-25<ref name="Bagger-2025">{{Cite web|author=Bagger|first=Sebastian Taarsted|date=17 May 2025|title=Endnu en titel og endnu en festlig bustur for Fortuna|url=https://www.dr.dk/sporten/fodbold/pokalturneringen/fortuna-har-det-fedt-over-titler-paa-en-uge|accessdate=17 May 2025|work=dr.dk|publisher=DR|language=da}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBagger2025">Bagger, Sebastian Taarsted (17 May 2025). [https://www.dr.dk/sporten/fodbold/pokalturneringen/fortuna-har-det-fedt-over-titler-paa-en-uge "Endnu en titel og endnu en festlig bustur for Fortuna"] [Another title and another festive bus ride for Fortuna]. ''dr.dk'' (in Danish). DR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2025</span>.</cite>
[[Category:CS1 Danish-language sources (da)]]</ref>
* Iko ụmụ nwanyị Danish: 2021-22, 2024-25<ref name="Bagger-2025" />
* Kvindeligaen Player nke Oge: 2024-25<ref name="Grønberg-2025">{{Cite web|author=Grønberg|first=Matias|date=13 June 2025|title=Omewa Joy Ogochukwu er Årets Profil i Kvindeligaen|url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/klubber/fortuna-hjoerring/nyheder/omewa-joy-ogochukwu-er-arets-profil-i-kvindeligaen|accessdate=13 June 2025|publisher=bold.dk|language=da}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGrønberg2025">Grønberg, Matias (13 June 2025). [https://bold.dk/fodbold/klubber/fortuna-hjoerring/nyheder/omewa-joy-ogochukwu-er-arets-profil-i-kvindeligaen "Omewa Joy Ogochukwu er Årets Profil i Kvindeligaen"] [Omewa Joy Ogochukwu is the Player of the Year in the Women's League] (in Danish). bold.dk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite>
[[Category:CS1 Danish-language sources (da)]]</ref>
== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://fortunahjorring.dk/spiller/17-joy-omewa-ogochukwu/ Obi Ụtọ Omewa Ogochukwu] na Fortuna Hjørring
* Joy Omewan'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
{{Nottingham Forest Women F.C. squad}}
[[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria n'agba bọọlụ]]
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
pllx5t3164vdx457az0idoqwny7cjnc
Olatunji Yemisi
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{{Databox}}'''Olatunji Yemisi''' (amụrụ na 14 Febụwarị 1994) bụ onye [[Ndị Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] bụbu onye egwuregwu skwọsh ọkachamara si [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti State]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] . Ọ ghọrọ ọkachamara na 2014 wee chịa skwọsh na Naịjirịa na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-11|title=Getting to Know Nigerian No.1 Yemisi Olatunji|url=https://www.worldsquash.org/getting-to-know-nigerian-no-1-yemisi-olatunji/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=World Squash|language=en-GB}}</ref> Yemisi nwetara ọkwa kachasị elu n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ọ bụla na akụkọ ntolite skwọsh Naịjirịa, ruo ọkwa kachasị elu n'ọrụ ya nke 104 na ọkwa ụwa nke Professional Skwọsh Association . Ugbu a ọ bụ onye nkuzi skwọsh ọkachamara.
Ọ bụkwa onye na-enyere aka n'ịmepụta Sqaush nke nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Olatunji Busayo, onye bụkwa onye na-egwu egwu PSA. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kuti|first=Dare|date=2019-01-05|title=Squash: My sister is a tough opponent says Yemisi Olatunji|url=https://www.aclsports.com/squash-my-sister-is-a-tough-opponent-says-yemisi-olatunji/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Ọrụ skwọsh mbụ ==
Olatunji Yemisi malitere ọrụ squash ya n'afọ 2004 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na Akure, Ondo Steeti, Naịjirịa. N'oge ọ bụ nwata, onye nkuzi Ojo na onye nkuzi Sadiat Akande nyere ya ọzụzụ.
Yemisi nwetara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ ya na 2008, wee merie ihe nrite ọla nchara na asọmpi Fembass Squash na ngalaba ndị na-erubeghị afọ 19, afọ anọ ka ọ malitere egwuregwu ahụ. Ọchịchị ya na ngalaba ndị na-erubeghị afọ 19 mere ka ọ bụrụ onye isi na 2011, mgbe o meriri ọtụtụ ihe nrite n'usoro afọ atọ.
== Ọrụ skwọsh ọkachamara ==
Yemisi nwetara nkwalite ya na ngalaba ndị okenye na 2011 mgbe ọ dị afọ 17, wee mee ka ọ bụrụ onye mmegide siri ike megide ndị egwuregwu dị elu. Ihe ịga nke ọma ya bịara na 2012, mgbe o nwetara ihe nrite mbụ ya na ngalaba ndị okenye: ihe nrite ọla nchara na ngalaba ndị na-alụbeghị di na nwunye na ihe nrite ọlaedo na ngalaba otu na Ememme Egwuregwu Mba na Lagos.
Ọchịchị Yemisi n'egwuregwu skwọsh Naịjirịa gara n'ihu nke ọma, ebe o meriri asọmpi mba ugboro ugboro n'afọ 2012 na 2013. Ihe ịga nke ọma a mere ka ọ banye n'egwuregwu skwọsh ọkachamara, ọ ghọkwara onye egwuregwu skwọsh ọkachamara (PSA) na 2014.
Ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri, Yemisi chịrị skwọsh Naịjirịa, na-eme ka ọ sie ike dịka onye kacha nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Naịjirịa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="Material appears to be promotional in nature. (December 2024)">nkwalite?</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
== Aha ndị a ==
Yemisi agbaala asọmpi n'ọtụtụ asọmpi ndị a ma ama, wee merie n'ọtụtụ n'ime ha. Ihe atụ ndị a ma ama gụnyere asọmpi OTrafford PSA nke mba ụwa mechiri emechi na Satellite Squash, <ref>{{Cite web|author=PositiveNaija|date=2018-12-27|title=Yemisi Olatunji & Sodiq Taiwo Win OTrafford PSA National Closed Satellite Squash Tournament 2018|url=https://www.positivenaija.com/yemisi-olatunji-sodiq-taiwo-win-otrafford-psa-national-closed-satellite-squash-tournament-2018/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=PositiveNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Sodiq, Olatunji Win O'Trafford PSA National Tourney – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/12/24/sodiq-olatunji-win-otrafford-psa-national-tourney/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=[[This Day]]}}</ref> Lagos International Squash Classic, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2016-03-17|title=Top seeds advance, as Lagos International Squash Classics enters crucial stage|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/top-seeds-advance-as-lagos-international-squash-classics-enters-crucial-stage/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Report|first=Agency|date=2018-03-23|title=Yemisi Olatunji crashes out of Lagos International Squash Classics|url=https://punchng.com/yemisi-olatunji-crashes-out-of-lagos-international-squash-classics/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Wisers PSA Open, Calgary Professional Squash Association, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Ojoye|first=Taiwo|date=2018-02-06|title=Olatunji sets 2018 Calgary PSA target|url=https://punchng.com/olatunji-sets-2018-calgary-psa-target/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Professional Squash Players Association of Nigeria (PSSPAN) National Open Tournament, Chamberlain Squash Open Safeguard <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2017-08-28|title=Britain's top player, Tom Ford, Yemisi Olatunji win maiden Chamberlain Squash Open tourney|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/britains-top-player-tom-ford-yemisi-olatunji-win-maiden-chamberlain-squash-open-tourney/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> Zimbabwe International Open. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kuti|first=Dare|date=2018-08-08|title=Squash: Yemisi Olatunji retains Zimbabwe Open title|url=https://www.aclsports.com/squash-yemisi-olatunji-retains-zimbabwe-open-title/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Nkwado skwọsh ==
Yemisi na-akwado maka ọganihu nke skwọsh na Naịjirịa na Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka mgbe niile, a ma ama maka nghọta na ndụmọdụ ya dị iche iche nke na-akwalite uto na mmezi na egwuregwu ahụ. Site na nghọta miri emi nke ọdịdị skwọsh nke mpaghara ahụ, ọ na-atụ aro mgbe niile atụmatụ ndị ga-eme ka akụrụngwa, ohere ịnweta, na asọmpi dịkwuo mma, na-enye aka nke ukwuu na mmepe na ọganihu nke egwuregwu ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-06|title=Growing squash needs support, says West Africa & Nigeria's number one Yemisi Olatunji|url=https://sportsration.com/growing-squash-needs-support-says-west-africa-nigerias-number-one-yemisi-olatunji/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=SportsRation|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Ojoye|first=Taiwo|date=2018-04-18|title=How Nigeria can catch up with Egypt in squash —Yemisi|url=https://punchng.com/how-nigeria-can-catch-up-with-egypt-in-squash-yemisi/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ogwo|first=Ogechukwu|date=2019-02-28|title=Nigeria's No.1 squash player laments Govt. neglect|url=https://www.brila.net/nigerias-no-1-squash-player-laments-govt-neglect/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=Latest Sports News in Nigeria|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914143355/https://www.brila.net/nigerias-no-1-squash-player-laments-govt-neglect/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=sunnews|date=2017-10-19|title=Squash star tasks FG on devt|url=https://thesun.ng/squash-star-tasks-fg-on-devt/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
bquiwgkh5zz4j01860vt2avx8r6qy8x
Audre Lorde
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[[Faịlụ:Audre Lorde.jpg|thumb|Audre Lorde]]
'''Audre Lorde''' (/ˈɔːdri ˈlɔːrd/ AW-dree LORD; a mụrụ '''Audrey Geraldine Lorde'''; February 18, 1934 - November 17, 1992) bụ onye edemede America, prọfesọ, [[Ákọ na Uche|ọkà ihe ọmụma]], onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, onye na'ede uri, na onye na-agbachitere ikike obodo. Ọ bụ onye na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka "Onye ojii, nwanyị, onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ Ọchịchị, nne, onye agha, onye na'ede uri" onye raara ndụ ya na nkà ya nye iji chee ụdị ikpe na-ezighị ezi na mmegbu ihu. O kwenyere na enweghi ike inwe "ọchịchị mmegbu" n'etiti "ndị nwere ebumnuche nke nnwere onwe na ọdịnihu dị mma maka ụmụ anyị". <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lorde|first=Audre|date=1983|title=There is not hierarchy of oppressions|url=https://uuliveoak.org/pdfs/worship_9-04-09_excerpts_no_hierarchy_of_oppressions.pdf|journal=Interracial Books for Children BULLETIN: Homophobia and Education|volume=14|issue=4|pages=i–ii|doi=|issn=0003-6870}}</ref> <ref name="foundation"/>
Dị ka onye na-ede [[Ábu|uri]], a maara ya nke ọma maka nkà na ụzụ na ngosipụta mmetụta uche, yana uri ya nke na-egosipụta iwe na iwe maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke obodo na nke ọha na eze ọ hụrụ n'oge ndụ ya niile. Ọ bụ onye natara onyinye mba na nke mba ụwa na onye guzobere Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Audre Lorde|url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/audre-lorde|accessdate=2024-11-26|work=National Women's History Museum|language=en}}</ref> Dị ka onye na-ese okwu, a na-akụkọ okwu ya dị ike, nke na-atọ ụtọ, na nke siri ike site na Poetry Foundation.<ref name="foundation"/> Abụ ya na okwu ya na-ekwu maka okwu ndị metụtara ikike obodo, ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị na-edina nwanyị, ọrịa, nkwarụ, na nyocha nke njirimara nwanyị ojii. <ref name="foundation" /><ref name="OutHistory">{{Cite web|author=McDonald|first=Dionn|title=Audre Lorde. Big Lives: Profiles of LGBT African Americans|url=http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/aa-history-month-bios/audre-lorde|work=OutHistory|accessdate=March 28, 2021|archivedate=July 25, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725185013/http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/aa-history-month-bios/audre-lorde}}</ref><ref name="Wire">{{Cite news|author=Nixon|first=Angelique V.|url=http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/02/the-magic-and-fury-of-audre-lorde-feminist-praxis-and-pedagogy/|title=The Magic and Fury of Audre Lorde: Feminist Praxis and Pedagogy|date=February 24, 2014|work=The Feminist Wire|accessdate=March 28, 2021}}</ref>
== Oge ọ malitere ==
Nna Lorde Byron mụrụ na 20 Ọgọst 1898 na Barbados. E jidere nne ya, Linda Gertrude Belmar Lorde na 1902 n'àgwàetiti Carriacou na Grenada. Nne Lorde bụ nwanyị ojii nke na-agafe oge ụfọdụ maka Spanish,[1] maka ebumnuche ire ọrụ ya. Nna Lorde bụ onye Belma, ma ha jụrụ ịlụ nwunye n’ihi ịma mma Byron, ike na ntachi obi.[8] Mgbe ha kwagara, di na nwunye ahụ gara biri na Harlem, agbata obi dị iche iche na mgbago Manhattan, New York. Lorde bụ ọdụdụ nwa n'ime ụmụaka atọ. Lorde kpuru ìsì ruo n'ókè nke ịbụ onye ìsì n'ụzọ iwu. Mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, ọ malitere ịgụ na ikwu okwu, n'okpuru nduzi nke Augusta Braxton Baker, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na Alaka 135th Street nke New York Public Library. Nne ya so ya na-ede akwụkwọ n'otu oge ahụ.
A mụrụ Audrey Geraldine Lorde, ọ họọrọ ịhapụ "y" site na aha mbụ ya mgbe ọ ka bụ nwatakịrị, na-akọwa na Zami: A New Spelling of My Name na ọ nwere mmasị na nhata [[Ǹkà|nka]] nke "e"- njedebe na aha abụọ dị n'akụkụ "Audre Lorde" karịa n'ịsụgharị aha ya dịka ndị mụrụ ya bu n'obi.<ref name="Parks">{{Cite web|author=Parks|first=Rev. Gabriele|title=Audre Lorde|publisher=Thomas Paine Unitarian Universalist Fellowship|date=August 3, 2008|url=http://www.tpuuf.org/?p=130|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130416144217/http://www.tpuuf.org/?p=130|archivedate=April 16, 2013|accessdate=July 9, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Lorde">{{Cite book|author=Lorde|first=Audre|title=Zami: A New Spelling of My Name|publisher=The Crossing Press|url=https://archive.org/details/zaminewspellingo0000lord|year=1982}}</ref>
Lorde na ndị ọrụ ya siri ike site na nwata. Ya na nna ya na nne ya nọrọ oge, bụ ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike ijikwa azụmahịa ahịa ahịa mmetụta ha na ndị akụ na ụba ha nọ na ọgba aghara n'oge nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi na nnukwu nlaghachi azụ. Mgbe ọ malitere, ha na-enwekarị ihere ma ọ bụ na-echekwa onwe ha. icon, Lorde na nne ya, bụ ndị katọrọ ndị nwere ụda akpụkpọ ahụ dịtụ ka nke ya (nke Lorde nwere) na ụwa na nnukwu, e ji "ịhụnanya siri ike" na iwu siri ike mara.[11]. A na-egosi ụgbọ mmiri siri ike Lorde na nne ya n'ụzọ dị mfe n'ime uri ya ndị ọzọ, dịka "Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Coal na tebụl kichin".[1]
Dị ka nwatakịrị, Lorde lụsoro nkwurịta okwu ọgụ, ma nwee ekele maka ike nke uri dị ka ụdị nkwupụta.<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, Inc"/> Ọbụna ọ kọwara onwe ya dị ka onye na-eche echiche na uri.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Zami: A New Spelling of My Name - A Biomythography|author=Lorde|first=Audre|year=1982|isbn=0895941228|edition=1st|location=Berkeley|publisher=The Crossing Press|oclc=18190883}}</ref> O buru ọtụtụ uri n'isi, ma jiri ya kwurịta okwu, ruo n'ókè nke na, "Ọ bụrụ na a jụọ ya otú ọ dị, Audre ga-azaghachi site n'ịgụ abụ. " N'ihe dị ka afọ iri na abụọ, ọ malitere ide uri nke ya ma jikọọ ndị ọzọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ya bụ ndị a na-ewere dị ka "ndị a chụpụrụ", dịka o chere na ọ bụ. <ref name="Audre Lorde's Life and Career"/><ref name="Audre Lorde's Life and Career" />
N'ịbụ onye Katọlik zụlitere, Lorde gara ụlọ akwụkwọ parochial tupu ọ gaa Hunter College High School, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ọgụgụ isi. Onye na-ede uri bụ Diane di Prima bụ nwa klas na enyi. Mgbe ọ na-aga Hunter, Lorde bipụtara uri mbụ ya na magazin Seventeen mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ya jụrụ ya maka ịbụ ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Ọzọkwa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Lorde sonyere na ọmụmụ ihe uri nke Harlem Writers Guild kwadoro, mana o kwuru na ọ na-adị ya mgbe niile ka ọ dị ka onye a chụpụrụ na Guild. O chere na a nabataghị ya n'ihi na ọ "bụ onye ara ma onye na-eme ihe ọ bụla mana [ha chere] m ga-etolite na ya niile". <ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, Inc"/> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Yetunde|first=Pamela Ayo|date=January 1, 2019|title=Audre Lorde's Hopelessness and Hopefulness: Cultivating a Womanist Nondualism for Psycho-Spiritual Wholeness|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0966735018814692|journal=Feminist Theology|language=en|volume=27|issue=2|pages=176–194|doi=10.1177/0966735018814692|issn=0966-7350}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dean|first=Mary Kathryn|date=February 23, 2014|title=On Faith and Feminism|url=https://thefeministwire.com/2014/02/on-faith-and-feminism-a-sermon/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019133246/https://thefeministwire.com/2014/02/on-faith-and-feminism-a-sermon/|archivedate=October 19, 2021|accessdate=October 19, 2021|work=The Feminist Wire|language=en-US}}</ref> Lorde gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Hunter College High School na 1951.
''Zamy'' kwuru na nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa strok n'afọ 1953. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Lorde|first=Audre|title=Zami: A New Spelling of My Name|url=https://archive.org/details/zaminewspellingo0000lord|publisher=The Crossing Press|year=1982|chapter=Chapter 19}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Audre_lorde.jpg|thumb|Audre Lorde Foto nke Elsa Dorfman.]]
N'afọ 1968, Lorde bụ onye edemede bi na Tougaloo College na Mississippi.<ref name="poets.org">{{Cite web|title=Audre Lorde|publisher=Poets.org|url=http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/306|accessdate=July 9, 2009|archivedate=March 9, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309030149/http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/306}}</ref> Oge Lorde nọ na Tougaloo College, dị ka afọ ya na National University of Mexico, bụ ahụmahụ na-eto eto maka ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe. Ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya na-eto eto, ndị isi ojii na-eduzi ọmụmụ ihe, ọtụtụ n'ime ha chọsiri ike ikwurịta okwu gbasara ikike obodo nke oge ahụ. Site na mmekọrịta ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, ọ kwusiri ike na ọchịchọ ya ọ bụghị naanị ibi ndụ ya "onye ara na onye na-eme ihe ike", kamakwa itinye uche n'akụkụ nke ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ede uri. Akwụkwọ uri ya, Cables to Rage, sitere n'oge ya na ahụmịhe ya na Tougaloo.<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, Inc">{{Cite book|author=Kimberly W. Benston|editor=Gates|title=The Norton Anthology of African-American Literature: Volume 2|date=2014|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.|isbn=978-0-393-92370-4|pages=637–39|edition=Third}}</ref>
[[Faịlụ:Audre_Lorde_Residence_(Staten_Island).jpg|alt=A three-story, gray-blue, Neo-Colonial style home with a gabled roofline, open porch, columns, and a pediment with a sunburst decoration. Picture includes shrubs and a trashcan on the front lawn, and the third story is partially obscured by leaves.|thumb|Ebe obibi Audre Lorde na Stapleton Heights, Staten Island, ugbu a bụ New York City Historical Landmark.]]
Site na 1972 ruo 1987, Lorde biri na Staten Island. N'oge ahụ, na mgbakwunye na ide na ịkụzi ihe, ọ kwadoro Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Audre Lorde Residence|url=https://www.nyclgbtsites.org/site/audre-lorde-residence/|publisher=NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project|accessdate=April 19, 2018|archivedate=November 6, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106172140/https://www.nyclgbtsites.org/site/audre-lorde-residence/}}</ref>
Lorde kụziri na Ngalaba Mmụta na Lehman College site na 1969 ruo 1970, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lorde-audre-1934-1992|title=Lorde, Audre (1934–1992)|author=Morehouse|first=Susan Perry|year=2002|work=Encyclopedia.com|accessdate=October 28, 2017|archivedate=October 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012549/http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lorde-audre-1934-1992}}</ref> mgbe ahụ dị ka prọfesọ nke Bekee na John Jay College of Criminal Justice (nke abụọ bụ akụkụ nke Mahadum City nke New York, CUNY) site na 1970 ruo 1981. N'ebe ahụ, ọ lụrụ ọgụ maka ịmepụta ngalaba ọmụmụ ndị isi ojii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice Matters|url=http://www.jjay.cuny.edu/sites/default/files/News/Justice_Matters_50.pdf|publisher=John Jay College of Criminal Justice|accessdate=March 18, 2017|year=2015|archivedate=October 27, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027084806/http://www.jjay.cuny.edu/sites/default/files/News/Justice_Matters_50.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 1981, ọ gara n'ihu na-akụzi na alma mater ya, Hunter College (nke a na-akpọkwa CUNY), dị ka onye isi oche Thomas Hunter.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Cook|first=Blanche Wiesen|editor=Ware|title=Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century, Volume 5|date=2004|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA|chapter=Lorde, Audre}}</ref> Dị ka nwanyị ojii na-eme ihe ọ bụla, ọ bụ onye si n'èzí n'ọhịa [[Ndi ocha|nwoke ọcha]] na ahụmahụ ya na gburugburu ebe a nwere mmetụta miri emi n'ọrụ ya. Mpaghara ọhụrụ dị ka Ọmụmụ ndị Africa America na Ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị kwalitere isiokwu ndị ọkà mmụta na-ekwu ma dọta uche n'ìgwè ndị a na-ekwukarị na mbụ. Site na gburugburu agụmakwụkwọ a, Lorde sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ide ọ bụghị naanị uri kamakwa edemede na isiokwu banyere ọmụmụ nwoke na nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị, na African American.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=New-York Historical Society|date=October 28, 2024|title=Life Story: Audre Lorde (1934-1992)|url=https://wams.nyhistory.org/end-of-the-twentieth-century/a-conservative-turn/audre-lorde/#resource|work=Women and the American Story|accessdate=March 26, 2026|archivedate=February 21, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221052747/https://wams.nyhistory.org/end-of-the-twentieth-century/a-conservative-turn/audre-lorde/#resource}}</ref>
Na 1981, Lorde bụ onye ntọala ntọala nke Women's Coalition of St. Croix, [1] otu raara onwe ya nye inyere ndị lanarịrị mmetọ mmekọahụ na ime ihe ike mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị aka. N'afọ ndị 1980, o nyere aka chọta Sistahood in Support of Sisters (SISA) na South Africa iji rite uru na ụmụ nwanyị ojii bụ ndị e merụrụ na 1980s na mpụ ndị ọzọ yiri ya.[2]
N'afọ 1985, Audre Lorde so na ndị nnọchi anya ndị odee nwanyị ojii bụ ndị akpọrọ na Cuba. Ọ bụ The Black Scholar na Union of Cuba Writers kwadoro njem a. Ọ nabatara òtù ụmụnna ndị na-ekekọrịta ihe dị ka ndị inyom ojii na-ede akwụkwọ. Ha letara ndị Cuban uri bụ́ Nancy Morejón na Nicolás Guillén. Ha tụlere ma mgbanwe Cuban agbanweela ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ọnọdụ ndị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị na ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị n'ebe ahụ.[1]
=== Afọ ndị Berlin ===
Na 1984, Lorde malitere ọrụ mmụta mmụta nleta na West Berlin na Mahadum Free nke Berlin. Prọfesọ FU Dagmar Schultz kpọrọ ya òkù, bụ onye zutere ya na UN "World Women Conference" na Copenhagen na 1980.[1] N'oge ya na Germany, Lorde ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị Afro-German nke oge ahụ.[2] Ya na otu ndị inyom ojii na-agba mbọ na Berlin, Audre Lorde chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ "Afro-German" na 1984 na, n'ihi ya, hiwere òtù ojii na Germany.[3] N'ime ọtụtụ njem ya na Germany, Lorde ghọrọ onye ndụmọdụ nye ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere May Ayim, Ika Hügel-Marshall, na Helga Emde.[4][5] Kama ịlụso usoro ahụ ọgụ site na ime ihe ike, Lorde hụrụ asụsụ dị ka ụdị nguzogide siri ike ma gbaa ụmụ nwanyị German ume ikwu okwu kama ịlụ ọgụ.[6] Mmetụta ya na Germany karịrị ụmụ nwanyị Afro-German; Lorde nyere aka n'ịmata mmekọrịta dị n'etiti agbụrụ na agbụrụ.[4] Audre Lorde nyere ohere bara uru maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii German ịhazi na jikwaa mmetụta ha n'ụzọ ọ bụla ha nwere ahụ iru ala. Ịbụ ndị ọkachamara German na-atụgharị ọzọ, na ịkọwapụta site n'echiche ndị ọzọ nke ihe "ihe ọjọọ" pụtara (ihe nketa agwakọtara) nwere ike imebi echiche nke onwe ha. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ndị a enweghị ike ikwupụta n'ụzọ zuru ezu akụkụ niile nke ịdị adị ha wee hụ na ọha mmadụ na-akpakwa nduru. Audre Lorde nwere ike ịmalite imechi ọdịiche dị n'etiti njirimara ụmụ nwanyị ndị a na-ahụta na ọha German na ihe ha mere onwe ha. Lorde kere ohere maka ụmụ nwanyị ndị a iji kparịta ahụmịhe ha wee mepụta akụkọ German ojii. Nke a abụghị ikwu na Lorde n'onwe ya malitere njirimara German a na-akwado Black Black, kama na o nyere ụmụ German ndị a ihe nlereanya maka ọbụbụenyi, njirimara onwe onye, na ikike ọgụgụ isi.[7]
Na Disemba 1989, otu ọnwa ka Mgbidi Berlin dasịrị, Lorde dere uri ya "East Berlin 1989"[1] na-ekwupụta echiche ya na mmemme akụkọ ihe mere eme a. Na uri, mgbe Lorde na-ekwupụta egwu ya banyere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ megide Afro-Germans na ndị ọzọ ojii na Berlin n'ihi ọhụrụ nnwere onwe East Germany, ọ na-akatọ mmeri nke nnwere onwe onye kwuo uche na mmetụta Western, na-egosipụta obi abụọ miri emi banyere ya, na iguzogide, "Weghachi udo" nke ga-emecha na-eduga ná mgbanwe nke Communist East Germany n'ime ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.
Mmetụta Lorde na Afro-Germans bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri 2012 nke Dagmar Schultz dere. Audre Lorde: The Berlin Years 1984-1992 nabatara site na Berlin Film Festival, Berlinale, ma nwee ya World Premiere na 62nd Annual Festival na 2012. [1] E gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na mmemme ihe nkiri gburugburu ụwa, ma na-aga n'ihu na-ekiri ya na ememe dị ka nke 2018. [2] Ihe nkiri 2 na-enweta ihe nrite nke 1 nke Golden. Akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na 15th Reelout Queer + Video Festival, Golden Globe maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na International Film Festival maka ụmụ nwanyị, okwu ọha na eze, na enweghị ịkpa ókè, na onyinye ndị na-ege ntị maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na Barcelona International LGBT Film Festival. [3] Audre Lorde: Afọ Berlin kpughere enweghị nnabata Lorde natara na mbụ maka onyinye ya na echiche nke intersectionality. [4]
== Abụ uri ==
[[Faịlụ:Audre_Lorde,_Meridel_Lesueur,_Adrienne_Rich_1980.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Audre Lorde (n'aka ekpe) na ndị edemede Meridel Le Sueur (n'etiti) na Adrienne Rich (n'ụzọ nri) na ụlọ ọrụ edemede na Austin, Texas, 1980]]
Lorde lekwasịrị anya n'ụzọ nchọpụta nke ya, ọ bụghị naanị n'etiti nchọpụta nke ndụ nke na-agbakọ aka n'otu n'otu n'ime mmadụ nke ya. "A na-emeso m dị ka onye ọzọ n'ime otu m so na ya," ka o kwuru. "Ma n'ime obodo," Lorde dere, "ọ bụ n'ezie akwụkwọ nkeonwe, ihe ngosi, agha nwa oge na nke na-egbu mgbu n'etiti mụ na mmegbu m."[1] : 12-13 Ọ na-ahụ onwe ya dị ka "nwanyị na-aga n'ihu" [1]: 17 na "onye na-eme olu" n'ime onwe ya. : 31 : 31
Echiche ya na ọtụtụ njirimara na-egosipụta na ụdị ọrụ ya dị iche iche. Onye nkatọ Carmen Birkle dere, sị: "A na-egosipụta ọdịiche omenala ya n'ụdị ederede omenala, n'ụdị dị iche iche." [1] Ọjụjụ ọjụjụ itinye nduru n'otu ụdị, ma ọ bụ ọha mmadụ ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ, bụ mkpebi siri ike ya ịbịa n'otu n'otu kama ịbụ echiche efu. Lorde akọwawo onwe ya dị ka "onye na-ahụ maka nwanyị, nne, dike, onye na-ede uri" ma jiri abụ zie ozi a. [2]
=== Ọrụ ndị mbụ ===
E bipụtara uri Lorde mgbe niile n'afọ ndị 1960 - na Langston Hughes' 1962 New Negro Poets, USA; n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ọzọ; na magazin ndị isi ojii. N'oge a, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ikike obodo, ndị na-mmegide agha, na ndị inyom.
Na 1968, Lorde bipụtara The First Cities, nchịkọta uri. Diane di Prima, onye bụbu nwa klas ya na enyi sitere na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Hunter College deziri ya. A kọwawo obodo mbụ dị ka "akwụkwọ nke bụ, n'ụzọ, ọhụụ", [1] na Dudley Randall, onye na-ede uri na onye nkatọ, kwusiri ike na mmalite ya na akwụkwọ ahụ na Lorde "na-ahụ ọkọlọtọ ka ọ na-efe efe, ma Blackness ya dị ebe ahụ, n'ụzọ, n'ime ọkpụkpụ "[2].
Nchịkọta ya nke abụọ, Cables to Rage (1970), nke edere n'oge ya dị ka nwa akwụkwọ uri na Tougaloo College na Mississippi, lekwasịrị anya na ịhụnanya, Carra, nna, na anya ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ bụ ihe a ma ama maka uri "Martha", bụ nke Lorde kwupụtara n'ihu ọha na ọ bụ nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke na nke mbụ n'ime ihe odide ya: "[M ga-ahụ ya n'anya ebe a ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ onye nzuzu."]
A họpụtara maka onyinye nturu ugo akwụkwọ mba maka abụ na 1974, [1] Site n'ala ebe ndị ọzọ bi (Broadside Press) na-egosi ọgụ nke Lorde n'onwe ya na njirimara na iwe na mmegbu ọha. Mpịakọta ahụ na-ekwu banyere isiokwu nke iwe, owu ọmụma, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi, yana ihe ọ pụtara ịbụ nwanyị ojii, nne, enyi, na onye hụrụ n'anya.[2]
1974 hụrụ ntọhapụ nke New York Head Shop and Museum, nke na-enye foto nke Lorde's New York site na anya nke ma Òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na oge ọ bụ nwata: <ref name="foundation">{{Cite web|accessdate=March 28, 2021|title=Audre Lorde 1934-1992|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/audre-lorde|publisher=Poetry Foundation|archivedate=November 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127194430/https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/audre-lorde}}</ref> nke ịda ogbenye na ileghara anya na, n'echiche Lorde, na-achọ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. <ref name="Audre Lorde's Life and Career"/>
N'agbanyeghị ihe ịga nke ọma nke mpịakọta ndị a, ọ bụ ntọhapụ nke Coal na 1976 bụ onye guzobere Lorde dị ka onye nwere mmetụta na Black Arts Movement, na nnukwu ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ n'azụ ya-Norton-nyere aka mee ka ọ bịarute ndị na-ege ntị. Mpịakọta ahụ gụnyere abụ sitere na Obodo Mbụ na Cables ruo Rage, ọ gbakwunyekwara ọtụtụ isiokwu Lorde ga-abụ nke a maara maka oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ: iwe ya na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke agbụrụ, ememe ya nke onye ojii, na oku ọ na-akpọ maka nyochaghachi ahụmahụ nwanyị. Lorde soro Coal na N'etiti Onwe Anyị (nakwa 1976) na Hanging Fire (1978).
N'ime mpịakọta Lorde The Black Unicorn (1978), ọ na-akọwa njirimara ya n'ime akụkọ ifo nke chi ụmụ nwanyị Africa okike okike, ọmụmụ, na ike dike. Mweghachi a nke njirimara ụmụ nwanyị Africa na-ewulite ma na-agbagha echiche Black Arts dị ugbu a gbasara pan-Africanism. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị edemede dị ka Amiri Baraka na Ishmael Reed jiri nkà mmụta mbara igwe Africa mee ihe n'ụzọ nke "wepụtara akụkọ nke chi nwoke nwere obi ike nke nwere ike ịkpụpụta na ịgbachitere eluigwe na ụwa ndị ojii," n'akwụkwọ Lorde, "a na-ebufe onye agha ahụ n'aka onye nche nwanyị nwere ike kwa ike na ọmụmụ."[1]
Abụ ekere Lorde bịara bụrụ nke a na-ahụ anya na nke onwe ka ọ na-etolite na inwekwu ntụkwasị obi na mmekọahụ ya. N'ime Sista Outsider: Essays and Speeches, Lorde na-ekwu, "Abụ bụ ụzọ anyị ga-esi nyere aka nye ndị na-enweghị aha ka anyị nwee ike iche echiche ... Ka anyị na-amata ha ma nabata ha, mmetụta anyị na nyocha nke eziokwu nke ha na-aghọ ebe nsọ na ebe ọmụmụ maka echiche kachasị ike na obi ike." [1] Nwanne nwanyị Outsider na-akọwapụta ihe ịma aka nke Lorde na omenala ndị Europe na America.
== Nkwupụta ==
Akwụkwọ akụkọ ọrịa cancer (1980) na A Burst of Light (1988) na-eji akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, gụnyere edemede na ntinye akwụkwọ akụkọ, iji gbaa aka, nyochaa, na ịtụgharị uche na nyocha nke Lorde, ọgwụgwọ, mgbake site na ọrịa ara ara, na n'ikpeazụ ọnwụ ya site na ọrịa ahụ. [1] [2] N'ime ọrụ abụọ a, Lorde na-ekwu maka echiche Western banyere ọrịa, nkwarụ, ọgwụgwọ, ọrịa kansa na mmekọahụ, na ịma mma anụ ahụ na amara, yana isiokwu nke ọnwụ, egwu ọnwụ, ndụ, ọgwụgwọ mmetụta uche, na ike dị n'ime.[3]
Lorde's deeply personal book ''Zami: A New Spelling of My Name'' (1982), subtitled a "biomythography", chronicles her childhood and adulthood. The narrative deals with the evolution of Lorde's sexuality and self-awareness.<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, Inc"/>
=== ''Nwanne Nwanyị Na-anọghị n'Ebe'' ===
Na Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches (1984), Lorde na-ekwusi ike na ọ dị mkpa ịkọrọ ahụmahụ nke ìgwè ndị a na-akparaghị ókè iji mee ka ọgụ ha pụta ìhè na ọha mmadụ na-emegide onwe ha.<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, Inc"/> Ọ na-ekwusi ike na ọ dị mkpa ka ìgwè ndị mmadụ dị iche iche (karịsịa ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na ụmụ nwanyị Africa America) chọta ihe jikọrọ ha na ahụmịhe ha na ndụ, kamakwa iji chee ọdịiche ihu n'onwe ya, ma jiri ya dị ka isi iyi nke ike karịa nkewa. Ọ na-ekwusi ike ugboro ugboro na ọ dị mkpa maka obodo na mgba iji wuo ụwa ka mma. Otu esi eme ka iwe na iwe nke mmegbu kpaliri bụrụ isiokwu ọzọ a ma ama n'ọrụ ya niile, na nchịkọta a karịsịa.<ref name="Audre Lorde's Life and Career">{{Cite web|author=Threatt Kulii|first=Beverly|title=Audre Lorde's Life and Career|url=http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/lorde/life.htm|work=|publisher=University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign{{snd}}Department of English|accessdate=November 8, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121211926/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/lorde/life.htm|archivedate=November 21, 2015}}</ref>
Edemede ya ama ama, "Ngwaọrụ Nna-ukwu agaghị emebi ụlọ Nna-ukwu", gụnyere n'ime Nwanna Nwanyị N'èzí. Lorde na-ajụ oke na ikike mgbanwe nke a ga-enwe mmụọ mgbe ọ nyochara nsogbu ahụ site na oghere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, nke nna ochie. Ọ na-arụ ụka na ụmụ nwanyị na-ahụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ ọ bụghị dị ka ihe a ga-anabata, kama dịka ihe dị mkpa n'ịmepụta ike na "ịbụ" n'ụwa. Nke a ga-emepụta ọha mmadụ nke na-anabata ọdịiche, nke ga-eduga na nnwere onwe. Lorde na-akọwa, "Kewaa na imeri, na ụwa anyị, ga-aghọ akụkọ ifo na isi iyi nke ike." [1] Ọzọkwa, ndị mmadụ ga-akụziri onwe ha banyere mmegbu nke ndị ọzọ n'ihi na ịtụ anya ka otu ndị na-erughị eru ịkụziri ndị a na-emegbu emegbu bụ ịga n'ihu nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, echiche ndị nna ochie. Ọ kọwara na nke a bụ ngwá ọrụ dị ike nke ndị mmegbu na-eji eme ka ndị a na-emegbu emegbu na-arụ ọrụ na-eche banyere ndị nna ha ukwu. O kwubiri na iji weta ezigbo mgbanwe, anyị enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ime usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, nke ndị nna ochie n'ihi na mgbanwe nke ahụ kpatara agaghị adịte aka.[1]
N'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị nke na United States, Lorde kwuru, sị: <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Lorde|first=Audre|title=Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches|url=https://archive.org/details/sisteroutsideres00lord|publisher=The Crossing Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0895941411|year=1984}}</ref>
== Ihe nkiri ==
== Echiche ==
Ihe odide ya dabere na "echiche nke ọdịiche", echiche ahụ bụ na esemokwu abụọ dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị dị mfe; ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị achọpụtala na ọ dị mkpa igosi echiche efu nke ihe siri ike, nke dị n'otu, ụdị ụmụ nwanyị n'onwe ya jupụtara na nkewa.
Lorde okwu nsogbu, klaasị, afọ na afɔ, agụụ na agụụ na, mgbe e ezi na ndụ ya, ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala na-ebu; Nke ikpeazụ na-aghọ arịa onye a ma ama n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya ka ọ na- ọrịa kansa. O dere ihe ndị a nile dị ka ihe ndabere maka ozi ya nke ndidi. Ọ bụ́ ụka na, n'agbanyeghị na ndịiche dị n'ụdị nwoke na enwetala ihe niile a na-achọ anya, ọ dị mkpa ka a matakwa ma lebara ndịiche ndị ọzọ anya. "Onyenwe anyị," ka Carmen Birkle [de] na-ekwu, "na-etinye uche ya na izi ezi nke ozi. Ọ Poly ka ekwe na-egbochi ya ma ghara ikpe ya ikpe; ọ akwụkwọ ka e tinye ya n'otu ụdị nke 'nwanyị.'"[1] A mara echiche a taa dị ka intersectionality.
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ekweta na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị buru ibu ma dị iche iche, ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ Lorde na-emetụta akụkụ abụọ metụtara ya-agbụrụ na mmekọahụ. Na akwụkwọ akụkọ Ada Gay Griffin na Michelle Parkerson A Litany for Survival: The Life and Work of Audre Lorde, Lorde na-ekwu, sị, "Ka m buru ụzọ gwa gị ihe ọ dị ka nwanyị ojii na-ede uri na 60s, site n'ịwụba n'ime. [1]
N’akwụkwọ edemede ya “The Erotic as Power” (1978) nke e debere n’ime Sister Outsider, Audre Lorde kọwara “erotic” dịka ebe ike dị maka ụmụ nwanyị naanị mgbe ha mụtara ịhapụ ya n’ime mgbochi ma nabata ya, na-enweghị itinye ya naanị n’ihe gbasara mmekọahụ dịka ọ na-adịkarị n’ọha mmadụ. Ọ na-ekwu na a ga-enyocha ma nwee ahụmahụ nke erotic n’ụzọ zuru oke, n’ihi na ọ bụghị naanị ihe gbasara mmekọahụ, kama ọ bụ mmetụta nke obi ụtọ, ịhụnanya, na ịnụ ụtọ ihe ọ bụla na-enye nwanyị afọ ojuju n’ụzọ ndụ ya, dịka ịgụ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ịhụ ọrụ ya n’anya.
Ọ jụrụ echiche ụgha nke na naanị site n’ịkwụsị erotic n’ime ndụ na uche ka ụmụ nwanyị ga-enwe ike. Ọ sịrị na ike dị otú ahụ bụ aghụghọ, n’ihi na e wuru ya n’usoro echiche nke ike ụmụ nwoke. Ọ kọwara na ọha mmadụ nke patriarchy agbanweela aha erotic ma jiri ya megide ụmụ nwanyị, nke mere ka ha na-atụ ya egwu. Ụmụ nwanyị na-atụkwa ya egwu n’ihi na erotic bụ ike siri ike ma dị omimi.
Ọ na-agwa ụmụ nwanyị ka ha kesaa ike ha n’etiti onwe ha kama iji ya eme ihe na-enweghị nkwenye, nke bụ mmegbu. Kama nke ahụ, ha kwesịrị iji ya mee ihe iji jikọta mmadụ niile n’ime ọdịiche na ihe ha nwere ọnụ. Iji erotic dị ka ike na-enyere ụmụ nwanyị iji ọgụgụ isi ha na ike ha ihu nsogbu dịka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, patriarchy, na ọha mmadụ na-egbochi erotic.
Audre Lorde kwuru na erotic nwere ike ịbụ isi iyi ike nke na-enyere ụmụ nwanyị ibi ndụ jupụtara n’mmụọ na agụụ n’akụkụ niile nke ndụ ha. Ọ na-akpọ ka erotic bụrụ ụdị “kompas” nke na-enyere ha ịmata ihe bara uru n’ndụ ha. Ọ katọrọkwa echiche nke compulsory heterosexuality na echiche na obi ụtọ ụmụ nwanyị ga-abịa naanị site n’alụmdi na nwunye, Chineke, ma ọ bụ okpukpe.
Echiche erotic na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha ghara ịnabata ihe ọha mmadụ na-atụ anya ma ọ bụ ihe dị mfe, kama iguzogide usoro patriarchy nke na-achịkwa mmekọahụ na ndụ ha. Ọ na-ahụ igbochi erotic ma ọ bụ ịnabata ụkpụrụ heterosexual dị ka ụzọ ijide ụmụ nwanyị n’okpuru ọchịchị. Iji nweta onwe ha, ọ na-akpọ ha ka ha weghachite erotic ma jiri ya jide ndụ ha.
Ọ na-agbalị iwepụ ọdịiche erotic dị n’etiti ụdị mmekọahụ dị iche iche iji mee ka ọchịchọ ndị a bụrụ ike mmepụta mgbanwe ọhụrụ. N’agbanyeghị na ọ jụrụ compulsory heterosexuality, echiche a ka na-apụta n’akwụkwọ ya Uses of the Erotic n’ụzọ ụfọdụ nwere akara heteronormativity.
Onye ọkà ihe ọmụma feminism ọzọ, Lee Edelman, kọwara heteronormativity dịka usoro omenala nke a na-akwado site n’ịmụ nwa na ịhụ ụmụaka dịka ọdịnihu. Nke a na-ejikọta na okwu Lorde banyere ime ka ndụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ ha bụrụ ihe ka mma.
Lorde na-ekwu na mgbọrọgwụ erotic bụ “ebe miri emi nke nwanyị na nke mmụọ, nke siri ike n’ike mmetụta anyị nke a na-ekwughị ma ọ bụ nke a naghị ama,” nke na-egosi na ọ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịbụ nwanyị. Nke a na-akwado echiche binary banyere okike mmadụ. Echiche a nke essentialism na-akpalite mkparịta ụka n’etiti feminists nke oge ọhụrụ, ma gosikwa otú third-wave feminism si dị iche na fourth-wave feminism n’ịghọta intersectionality.
=== Echiche nke ụmụ nwanyị ===
Nkatọ ahụ abụghị otu akụkụ: ọtụtụ ndị inyom ọcha were iwe n'ihi ụdị ejiji nke Lorde. N'edemede ya nke 1984 "Ngwaọrụ Nna-ukwu agaghị emebi Ụlọ Nna-ukwu", [64] Lorde wakporo ihe ọ kwenyere na ọ bụ isi ihe kpatara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị, na-akọwa ya dị ka ntọala amaghị ama na nna ochie. Ọ rụrụ ụka na, site n'ịgọnarị ọdịiche dị n'ụdị ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na-eme ka usoro mmegbu ochie na-adịgide adịgide na, n'ime nke a, na-egbochi mgbanwe ọ bụla na-adịgide adịgide. Arụmụka ya kwadoro ụmụ nwanyị ọcha bụ ndị na-aghọtaghị agbụrụ dị ka okwu gbasara nwanyị na ndị isi ohu nwoke ọcha, na-akọwa ha abụọ dị ka "ndị nnọchianya nke mmegbu"[65].
=== Nkwupụta Lorde banyere ụmụ nwanyị ===
Lorde kwenyere na ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke nwanyị bụ na ụdị mmegbu niile jikọtara ọnụ; na ịmepụta mgbanwe dị mkpa iji kwado ọha mmadụ; ka ndịrịta iche ekwesịghị ịdị nkewa; na mgbanwe bụ usoro; mmetụta ahụ bụ ụdị ihe ọmụma onwe onye nke nwere ike ịkọwa ma melite ọrụ; na ịnakwere na inwe ihe mgbu na-enyere ụmụ nwanyị aka imeri ya.[1]
Na Lorde's "Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference", ọ na-ede, sị: "N'ezie, e nwere ezigbo ọdịiche dị n'etiti anyị agbụrụ, afọ, na mmekọahụ. Ma ọ bụghị ọdịiche dị n'etiti anyị na-ekewa anyị. Ọ bụ kama ọjụjụ anyị jụrụ ikweta ọdịiche ndị ahụ, na nyochaa mgbagwoju anya nke na-esite n'ịkpọ aha ha na àgwà ha na-atụ anya ya. " Kpọmkwem, ọ na-ekwu, sị: "Dịka ndị inyom na-acha ọcha na-ahapụ ihe ùgwù ha wuru nke Whiteness ma kọwaa nwanyị n'ihe banyere ahụmahụ nke onwe ha nanị, mgbe ahụ, ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-acha agba na-aghọ 'ọzọ'." "Onye ocha nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe".
Lorde defines racism, sexism, ageism, heterosexism, elitism and classism altogether and explains that an "ism" is an idea that what is being privileged is superior and has the right to govern anything else. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span>]]'']</sup> Lorde argues that a mythical norm is what all bodies should be. According to Lorde, the mythical norm of US culture is White, thin, male, young, heterosexual, Christian, financially secure.[67]
=== Mmetụta ọ na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị ojii ===
Ndị ọkà mmụta gara n'ihu na-enyocha ọrụ Lorde na-arụ n'ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii taa. Jennifer C. Nash na-enyocha ka ụmụ nwanyị ojii si nabata njirimara ha wee hụ onwe ha n'anya site na esemokwu ndị ahụ.[1] Nash na-ehota Lorde, onye dere, sị: "Ana m agba onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị ume ka ọ banye n'ime ebe dị omimi nke ihe ọmụma n'ime onwe anyị ma metụ egwu na ịkpọasị nke ọdịiche ọ bụla dị n'ebe ahụ anya. Lee onye ọ bụ. Mgbe ahụ, onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere ike ịmalite ime ka nhọrọ anyị niile doo anya. " [1] Nash na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị ojii ka ha nabata ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kama ịtụ egwu ya, nke ga-eduga n'ọha obodo ka mma. Lorde na-agbakwụnye, sị: "Ụmụ nwanyị ojii bụ́ ndị dị n'otu, n'ọchịchị ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ mmetụta uche, abụghị ndị iro nke ndị isi ojii. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ mgbe, ụfọdụ ndị ikom ojii na-agbalị ịchịisi site n'ịtụ ndị inyom ojii bụ́ ndị enyi karịa ndị iro." [2]
N'afọ 1981, Lorde na enyi ya bụ onye edemede, Barbara Smith guzobere Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press nke raara onwe ya nye inyere ndị edemede ndị ọzọ ojii aka site n'inye ihe, nduzi na agbamume. Lorde gbara ndị gbara ya gburugburu ume ime emume ọdịiche ha dịka agbụrụ, mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ ọkwa kama ibi na ha, ma chọọ ka onye ọ bụla nwee ohere yiri nke ahụ.
N'oge niile Lorde na-arụ ọrụ, ọ gụnyere echiche nke njirimara otu n'ọtụtụ uri na akwụkwọ ya. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-akọwa otu ụdị kamakwa ọ chọrọ ime ememe akụkụ niile nke onwe ya n'otu ụzọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kemp|first=Yakini B.|year=2004|title=Writing Power: Identity Complexities and the Exotic Erotic in Audre Lorde's writing|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_studies-in-the-literary-imagination_spring-2004_37_1/page/22|journal=Studies in the Literary Imagination|volume=37|pages=22–36}}</ref>
A mara ya ka ọ na-akọwa dị ka nwanyị ojii, nwanyị nwanyị, onye na-emetọ ụmụaka, onye na-ede uri, nne, wdg N'akwụkwọ ya bụ Zami: A New Spelling of My Name, Lorde lekwasịrị anya n'ọtụtụ njirimara dị iche iche o nweburu na ndụ ya na ndị o nweworo n'ihi ha. Ọ na-egosi anyị na a na-ahụ ike onwe onye na njikọ dị n'etiti akụkụ dị iche iche nke ndụ mmadụ, dabere na omume, na ike ikwu okwu sitere na ahụmahụ ndị a. A na-ekpuchikarị ike nke onwe site n'ebe dị anya nke mmadụ, ma dị ka Lies Xhonneux na-ekwu ma a bịa n'ikike nke ihe ị na-ahụ - ụfọdụ ndị, ndị nọ na obere m gburugburu, nwere ike nke ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya.[1]
Ọrụ Lorde lekwasịrị anya na mkpa ọ dị ịnakwere, ịkwanyere ùgwù na ime emume ọdịiche anyị yana ihe anyị na-eme n'ịkọwa njirimara. Na The Master's Tools, o dere na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-ahọrọ ime ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti anyị adịghị, ma ọ bụ na ọdịiche ndị a enweghị ike imeri, na-agbakwụnye, "Ọdịiche ga-abụrịrị na a ga-anabata ya, kama a ga-ahụ ya dị ka ego nke polarities dị mkpa n'etiti nke ihe okike anyị nwere ike igwu dị ka dialectic. "
Lorde gbara ndị na-agụ ya ume ka ha nyochaa ma chọpụta ọdịiche ndị a, na-atụle otú ileghara ọdịiche anya nwere ike isi duga n'ileghara ajọ mbunobi na ajọ mbunobe ọ bụla nwere ike ịbịakwute ọdịiche ndị ahụ anya, ebe ọ na-ekweta na ha nwere ike ime ka ọhụụ anyị na ọgụ anyị dịkwuo mma. O dere na ọ dị anyị mkpa iji nlezianya dozie ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ ma ghọta na ịdị n'otu abụghị otu. N'ime I Am Your Sister, ọ gbara ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ume ka ha buru ibu ọrụ maka ịmụta nke a, ọbụlagodi na ọ pụtara ịkụzi onwe onye, "...nke a ga-eji mee ihe nke ọma n'ịkọwa onwe gị na ịmepụta ihe ndị dị adị maka ịgbanwe ugbu a na iwulite ọdịnihu".
Na The Cancer Journals o dere "Ọ bụrụ na akọwaghị m onwe m, a ga-etinye m n'ime nrọ ndị ọzọ maka m ma rie m ndụ. " O kwusiri ike na njirimara onwe onye karịrị naanị ihe ndị mmadụ na-ahụ ma ọ bụ na-eche banyere mmadụ, mana ihe onye ahụ ga-akọwa, dabere na ahụmịhe onye ahụ. "Ụlọ nke Ọdịiche" bụ ahịrịokwu sitere na echiche njirimara nke Lorde. Echiche ya bụ na onye ọ bụla dị iche na ibe ya ma ọ bụ ọdịiche ndị a na-eme ka anyị bụrụ ndị anyị bụ, kama otu obere akụkụ dị iche iche. Ilekwasị anya n'akụkụ niile nke njirimara mmadụ na-eme ka ndị mmadụ gbakọta ọnụ karịa ịhọrọ otu obere ihe iji mata.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/486572|doi=10.1353/cal.2012.0100|issn=1080-6512|title="Which Me Will Survive": Rethinking Identity, Reclaiming Audre Lorde|year=2012|author=Leonard|first=Keith D.|journal=Callaloo|volume=35|issue=3|pages=758–777|accessdate=December 4, 2016}}</ref>
Ọrụ Lorde "Coal" na "The Black Unicorn" bụ ihe atụ abụọ nke uri nke na-ejikọta njirimara ojii ya, nke ụmụ nwanyị. Abụ ọ bụla na-elekwasị anya n'echiche nke njirimara, na otu njirimara n'onwe ya si bụrụ ihe doro anya. Ọtụtụ ndị na-akatọ akwụkwọ na-eche na "Coal" bụ ụzọ Lorde si emepụta agbụrụ n'ihe gbasara coal na diamond. Lorde n'onwe ya kwuru na nkọwa ndị ahụ ezighi ezi n'ihi na akọwaghị njirimara n'ụzọ dị mfe ma a gaghị eme ka uri ya dị mfe.
Ka anyị na-eme ka ihe ndị dị n'etiti Lorde pụta ìhè site na oghere nke na-elekwasị anya na agbụrụ, okike, ọnọdụ akụ na ụba / klas na ihe ndị ọzọ, anyị ga-anabatakwa otu n'ime njirimara ya pụtara ìhè; Lorde atụghị egwu ikwusi ọdịiche ya, dị ka ụcha akpụkpọ ahụ na omume mmekọahụ, mana jiri njirimara nke ya megide nwoke ojii na-egbu egbu. Lorde jiri njirimara ndị ahụ mee ihe n'ime ọrụ ya ma jiri ndụ nke ya kụziere ndị ọzọ mkpa ọ dị ịdị iche. Ihere emeghị ya ikwu na ọ bụ ya ma jiri ya mee ihe maka uru okike ya.
While highlighting Lorde's intersectional points through a lens that focuses on race, gender, socioeconomic status/class and so on, we must also embrace one of her salient identities, lesbianism. She was a lesbian and navigated spaces interlocking her womanhood, gayness and blackness in ways that trumped White feminism, predominantly White gay spaces and black male masculinity. Lorde used those identities within her work and ultimately it guided her to create pieces that embodied lesbianism in a light that educated people of many social classes and identities on the issues black lesbian women face in society.
=== Enyemaka na mkparịta ụka ụmụ nwanyị nke atọ ===
N'ihe dị ka afọ 1960, ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ malitere ịgba gburugburu mkparịta ụka na arụmụka banyere akụrụngwa dị ka ụlọ ọrụ "na-emebi emebi, na-akpa ókè, na-ezighị ezi", ọkachasị n'ime ọnọdụ nke ịrị elu nke ijikọ ụwa ọnụ.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/developmentsocia0000mcmi|author=McMichael|first=Phillip|publisher=Pine Forge Press|year=2008|location=Thousand Oaks, California}}</ref>
N'ịbụ nke e bipụtara na Sister Outsider, nchịkọta nke edemede na okwu, Audre Lorde dọrọ aka ná ntị megide "ịjụ ọdịiche" na edemede ya, "Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference", na-atụ egwu na mgbe "anyị anaghị emepụta ngwá ọrụ maka iji ọdịiche mmadụ dị ka springboard maka mgbanwe okike n'ime ndụ anyị[,] anyị anaghị ekwu maka ọdịiche mmadụ, kama ọ bụ nke ọdịiche mmadụ".<ref name=":0"/> Lorde hụrụ nke a na-eme na enweghị itinye akwụkwọ sitere n'aka ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara n'okwu ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ. A jụrụ uri, nke a na-ewere dị ka nke na-erughị okwu ma na-ahụkarị n'etiti ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị ala na ndị na-arụ ọrụ, site na ndị otu magazin ụmụ nwanyị nke Lorde na-azọrọ na ha napụrụ "ndị inyom ike na nghọta nke ibe ha". Ọ chọpụtara na "akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị nke agba [bụ] anaghị etinye ya na ọmụmụ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụla na ọmụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụ na ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu" <ref name=":0" /> ma gosipụta "ịdị iche" nke ụmụ nwanyị nke na-acha agba na ụmụ nwanyị na mba ndị na-emepe emepe dị ka ihe kpatara ya.[was] Site n'ịdị n'otu obodo ndị a ma leghara ọdịiche ha anya, "ụmụ nwanyị nke agba na-aghọ 'ndị ọzọ,' ndị si n'èzí nke ahụmịhe na ọdịnala ha bụ 'ndị si mba ọzọ' ịghọta", <ref name=":0" /> ma si otú a, o yiri ka ha erughị eru maka nlebara anya ndị ọkà mmụta na agụmakwụkwọ dị iche. Lorde gbasaa echiche a nke ịjụ onye nke ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ ngwaahịa nke ọha mmadụ anyị. N'ụzọ uche, a zụrụ ndị mmadụ ka ha meghachi omume na enweghị afọ ojuju site n'ileghara ya anya. Mgbe ileghara nsogbu anya anaghị arụ ọrụ, a na-amanye ha ime ka ha kwekọọ ma ọ bụ bibie ha. Ọ na-ekwu na ndị mmadụ emeghachiri n'okwu a na ọdịiche dị na okike, agbụrụ, na okike: ileghara anya, kwekọọ, ma ọ bụ bibie. Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-ekwu na a ga-eji ọchịchọ ịmata ihe ma ọ bụ nghọta na-abịakwute ọdịiche. Lorde katọrọ echiche nke ịhọrọ onye ka elu na onye dị ala mgbe ọ na-atụnyere ihe abụọ. N'ihe banyere ndị mmadụ, nkwupụta, na njirimara, ọ na-ekwu na e kwesịrị inwe nhọrọ nke atọ nke ịha nhata. Otú ọ dị, Lorde na-ekwusi ike na edemede ya na ekwesighi imebi ma ọ bụ ghara ịnakwere ọdịiche. Enweghị ịgọnahụ ọdịiche dị na ahụmịhe nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ụmụ nwanyị ọcha, dịka egosiri site na ihe atụ na edemede Lorde, mana Lorde na-alụ ọgụ megide isi ihe na ọdịiche dị njọ.
Audre Lorde kpọrọ oku ka a nabata ọdịiche ndị a. N'otu edemede ahụ, o kwupụtara, "ugbu a anyị ga-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ndị ha na anyị hà nhata, ma ọ bụghị ndị dị ala ma ọ bụ ndị dị elu, ma chepụta ụzọ iji ọdịiche nke ibe anyị mee ka ọhụụ anyị na ọgụ anyị dị n'otu baa ọgaranya" <ref name=":0"/> Ime nke a ga-eduga n'ịgbakwunye ma si otú a, ihe mgbaru ọsọ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Lorde dere na ụmụ nwanyị ga- "mepụta nkọwa ọhụrụ nke ike na usoro ọhụrụ nke mmekọrịta dị iche iche. Nkọwa ochie ejighị anyị ozi". Site n'ịdị n'otu, Lorde dere na ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike iweghachi mmegbu ha na-eche ihu ma mepụta obodo ka mma maka onwe ha na ndị ha hụrụ n'anya. Lorde kwuru na ezi mmepe na obodo ndị dị n'ụwa nke atọ ga-abụ na ọbụna "ọdịnihu nke ụwa anyị nwere ike ịdabere na ikike ụmụ nwanyị niile nwere ịchọpụta ma mepụta nkọwa ọhụrụ nke ike na usoro ọhụrụ nke mmekọrịta gafee ọdịiche. " <ref name=":0" /> N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, olu na nchegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị na agba na ụmụ nwanyị na mba ndị na-emepe emepe ga-abụ nzọụkwụ mbụ n'inweta nnwere onwe na ikike ịzụlite na ịgbanwe obodo ha n'ụzọ dị irè n'oge (na ọdịnihu) nke ijikọ ụwa ọnụ.
==== Okwu ====
N'okwu dị mkpa na National Third-World Gay and Lesbian Conference na October 13, 1979, nke isiokwu ya bụ, "Olee mgbe amaghị ihe ga-agwụ?" Lorde chetara ma dọọ ndị bịaranụ aka na ntị, "E nwere ọdịiche dị egwu nke ìgwè dị iche iche n'ime nzukọ a, na ọdịiche dị mma n'etiti anyị n'ime ìgwè ndị ahụ. Ọdịiche ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ike na-eme ka ọhụụ anyị maka ọdịnihu. Anyị agaghị ekwe ka e jiri ya kewaa anyị n'etiti onwe anyị, ma ọ bụrụ otu ihe anyị, ọ bụrụ na anyị, anyị agaghị achọ ka anyị mee ka anyị mee ihe ha, ọ bụrụ otu anyị, ọ dị iche iche iche, ọ bụrụ ihe ha, ma ọ dị iche, anyị, ọ ga-achọ ka anyị ghara iche, ọ dị n'etiti ha mee ka anyị, anyị, anyị ghara iche iche, anyị ghara ime anyị, ọ ghara ime anyị na anyị, ọ bụ site na anyị, ka anyị, ọ hapụ anyị, anyị ka anyị, ka ndị ọzọ, anyị, ka m ka anyị,<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=I Am Your Sister: Collected and Unpublished Writings of Audre Lorde|last=Lorde|first=Audre|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|location=Oxford|pages=209–212}}</ref>
Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, n'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1983, Audre Lorde kwuru okwu dị ka akụkụ nke "Litany of Commitment" na March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. "Taa anyị na-aga," ka o kwuru, "ndị na-edina nwoke ibe anyị na ụmụ anyị, na-eguzo n'aha nke anyị na ụmụnne anyị niile na-alụ ọgụ ebe a na gburugburu ụwa, na Middle East, na Central America, na Caribbean na South Africa, na-ekerịta mkpebi anyị ịrụ ọrụ maka ọdịnihu dị mma. Anyị maara na anyị ekwesịghị ịghọ ihe yiri ibe anyị iji nwee ike ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ. Anyị maara ete mgbe anyị jikọtara aka gafee tebụl nke ọdịiche anyị niile ga-enye anyị ike na nnukwu ike, mgbe ahụ anyị niile.<ref name=":6"/>
Onye ọkà mmụta ụmụ nwanyị Afro-German na onye edemede Dr. Marion Kraft gbara Audre Lorde ajụjụ ọnụ na 1986 iji kwurịta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ya na uri ya. N'ajụjụ ọnụ a, Audre Lorde kwupụtara olileanya maka oke agụmakwụkwọ na okwu ụmụ nwanyị. Mgbe Kraft jụrụ ya, "Ị na-ahụ mmepe ọ bụla nke mmata banyere mkpa ọdịiche dị n'ime òtù ụmụ nwanyị White?" Lorde ji nkatọ na olileanya zaghachi: <ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=Audre Lorde's Transnational Legacies|author=Broeck|first=Sabine|publisher=University of Massachusetts Press|year=2015|location=Boston|pages=45–50}}</ref><blockquote>Ọfọn, òtù ụmụ nwanyị, òtù ụmụ nwoke ọcha, ejirila nwayọ na-amata na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ bụ nchegbu ụmụ nwanyị, ọ bụghị nke na-achọ ọdịmma onwe ya, kama nke bụ akụkụ na akụkụ nke uche ụmụ nwanyị. Echere m, n'ezie, na ihe na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe nakwa na e nwere ụmụ nwanyị ọcha ugbu a na-aghọta na maka ọdịmma nke ezigbo njikọ aka, ha ga-ahụ na anyị abụghị otu. Ụmụ nwanyị ojii abụghị ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na Blackface. Ọ bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya na-apụta na ndụ, ọchịchọ, na eziokwu nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii. Anyị na ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na-ekerịta ihe ụfọdụ, na e nwere ihe ndị ọzọ anyị na-adịghị ekerịta. Anyị ga-enwe ike ịbịakọta gburugburu ihe ndị anyị na-ekerịta.</blockquote>Nkatọ Lorde nke ndị nwanyị n'afọ 1960 gosipụtara okwu gbasara agbụrụ, klaasị, afọ, okike, na mmekọahụ. N'otu aka ahụ, onye edemede na onye na-ede uri bụ Alice Walker chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ "nwanyị" n'ịgbalị ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ndị nta na "nwanyị." Ọ bụ ezie na a kọwawo "ụmụ nwanyị" dị ka "otu mmegharị na echiche ndị na-ekerịta otu ebumnuche: ịkọwapụta, guzobe, na nweta ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, omenala, nke onwe na nke ọha mmadụ maka ụmụ nwanyị" site n'ịma aka dị mfe dị n'etiti "ụmụ nwoke" na "ụmụ nwanyị," ndị ọkà mmụta nwanyị na ndị na-eme ihe ike na-elegharakarị ọdịiche dị na ahụmahụ na ihe ndị dị ka agbụrụ na okike kere n'ime òtù ọha mmadụ [67].
=== Ịhụnanya ụmụ nwanyị n'anya na mgbagwoju anya ya ===
Ịdị adị nke ụmụ nwanyị na-emeghe nkọwa na nkọwa dị iche iche. Ihe Alice Walker kwuru banyere ụmụ nwanyị, na "ndị inyom bụ ndị inyom dịka ndị purple bụ ndị lavender", na-egosi na oke ọmụmụ nke ụmụ nwanyị gụnyere ma gafee nke ụmụ nwanyị. Na nkọwa ya kachasị mkpirikpi, feminism bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị ojii nke e guzobere iji meghachi omume na uto nke echiche agbụrụ n'ime òtù ụmụ nwanyị.
.Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ sara mbara, feminism bụ "mmegharị mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-adabere na nsogbu kwa ụbọchị na ahụmahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ndị inyom ndị ọzọ na-acha agba," kamakwa nke "na-achọ ụzọ isi kpochapụ ahaghị nhata ọ bụghị naanị maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii, mana maka mmadụ niile" site n'ịkwado maka nha anya na nha anya. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na nwanyị na-emeghe nkọwa, otu n'ime nkatọ ndị a na-emekarị nke nwanyị bụ enweghị usoro nkwenye dị n'otu. A katọkwara ya maka enweghị mkparịta ụka gbasara mmekọahụ.
Lorde gbasiri mbọ ike maka mgbanwe omenala n'ime obodo nwanyị site n'iji echiche nke nwanyị. N'akwụkwọ bụ "Anger among Allies: Audre Lorde's 1981 Keynote Admonishing the National Women's Studies Association", e kwuru na okwu ya nyere aka na mkparịta ụka na nghọta nke ajọ mbunobi ọha na eze n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta. Ọ bụ ezie na "ihe ize ndụ, obodo ndị a na-ekewaghị ekewa, na omenala US" bụ isi isiokwu nke okwu ahụ, Lorde webatara okwu dịgasị iche iche iji maa aka n'echiche nke ndị na-ege ya "nwanyị ọcha".[1]
Ọ gara n'ihu kọwaa na "anyị na-arụ ọrụ n'ọnọdụ mmegbu na egwu, nke ihe kpatara ya abụghị iwe dị n'etiti anyị, kama ọ bụ ịkpọasị siri ike megide ụmụ nwanyị niile, ndị na-acha ọbara ọbara, ndị na'anya nwanyị na ndị nwoke na-edina nwoke, ndị ogbenye - megide anyị niile na-achọ inyocha ihe ndị dị na ndụ anyị ka anyị na-eguzogide mmegbu anyị, na-aga n'ihu na njikọ aka na ime ihe dị irè. "<ref name="Academic Search Complete">{{Cite journal|author=Olson|first=Lester|title=Anger Among Allies: Audre Lorde's 1981 Keynote Admonishing The National Women's Studies Association|journal=Quarterly Journal of Speech|year=2011|volume=97|issue=3|pages=283–308|doi=10.1080/00335630.2011.585169|url=https://zenodo.org/record/889836|accessdate=June 24, 2019}}</ref>
N'adịghị ka nke a, Lorde na-emeghe nke ọma maka mmekọahụ ya na ịmụrụ anya mmekọahụ. Na Zami: A New Spelling of My Name, ya "biomythography" (okwu nke Lorde chepụtara nke jikọtara "akụkọ ndụ" na "akụkọ ifo") o dere, "Afọ ole na ole mgbe m toro, mgbe ọ bụla m chere banyere ụzọ m si esi esi ísì n'ụbọchị ahụ, m ga-eche echiche nke nne m, aka ya ka a na-ehichapụ ya ma debe ya nke ọma, na-ele m anya n'elu àkwà, wee jiri nwayọ, nlezianya, mmekọrịta nwanyị ọ bụla na-emetụ n'okpuru, dị ichebe ya na ọnọdụ mmekọahụ nke Lorde"<ref name="Academic Search Complete-2">{{Cite journal|author=Hua|first=Anh|title=Audre Lorde's Zami, Erotic Embodied Memory, and the Affirmation of Difference|journal=Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies|year=2015|volume=36|issue=1|pages=113–35|doi=10.5250/fronjwomestud.36.1.0113}}</ref><ref name="Academic Search Complete-2" />
Mmetụta Lorde nwere n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị enweela ihe dị ịrịba ama.<ref name="JSTOR">{{Cite journal|author=Aptheker|first=Bettina|title=Audre Lorde, Presente|journal=Women's Studies Quarterly|year=2012|volume=autumn/winter|issue=3–4|pages=289–94|doi=10.1353/wsq.2013.0011}}</ref> Lorde nyere ụfọdụ n'ime ihe odide ya na akwụkwọ onwe ya na Lesbian Herstory Archives.<ref name="Klinger">{{Cite book|author=Klinger|first=Alisa|title=Same-Sex Cultures and Sexualities: An Anthropological Reader|year=2005|publisher=Blackwell Pub.|location=Malden, MA|isbn=978-0-470-77676-6|pages=75–79|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsTzWk5r6U4C&pg=PA73|chapter=Resources for Lesbian Ethnographic Research in the Lavender Archives|accessdate=July 31, 2020}}</ref>
N'afọ 1962, Lorde lụrụ onye ọka iwu Edwin Rollins, onye bụ onye ọcha, nwoke na-edina nwoke ibe ya.<ref name="foundation"/> Audre anọwo na-ebi ndụ n'ihu ọha dị ka nwanyị na-edina nwoke kemgbe kọleji, mana n'ihi ịkpa ókè homophobic, ha abụọ kpebiri ịnọgide na-anọ na nzuzo. Audre na Edwin nọgidere na-enwe mmekọrịta ghere oghe, na-enye ibe ha ohere ịchụso mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name=":3"/> Ya na Rollins gbara alụkwaghịm na 1970 mgbe ha mụrụ ụmụ abụọ, Elizabeth na Jonathan. N'afọ 1966, Lorde ghọrọ onye isi ọbá akwụkwọ na Town School Library na New York City, ebe ọ nọrọ ruo n'afọ 1968.<ref name="Audre Lorde's Life and Career"/>
Lorde na onye na-ese ihe na onye na'ese ihe [[Mildred Thompson]] nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ zutere ya na Naịjirịa na Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC 77). Ha abụọ sonyere n'oge Thompson bi na Washington, D.C.[83]
Lorde na onye ikpeazụ ya dị ịrịba ama, onye ojii Gloria Joseph, biri ọnụ n’agwaetiti St. Croix, St. Joseph. Lorde na Joseph na-akpa kemgbe 1981, mgbe a chọpụtara na Lorde nwere ọrịa kansa imeju, na Clayton kwagara n'ihu ọha na St. Croix. Ha tinyere aka na otu dị iche iche, gụnyere Che Lumumba School for Truth, Women's League of St. Croix, US Virgin Islands, Ụmụnna nwanyị na Nkwado nke Ụmụnna nwanyị na South Africa, na Doc Loc Apiary.[1]
== Afọ ndị ikpeazụ ==
A chọpụtara Lorde nwere ọrịa kansa ara na 1978 wee mee mastectomy. Afọ isii ka e mesịrị, ọ chọpụtara na ọrịa kansa ara ya agbasawo n'imeju ya. Mgbe nchọpụta mbụ ya gasịrị, o dere The Cancer Journals, bụ nke meriri American Library Association Gay Caucus Book of the Year Award na 1981. [1] E gosipụtara ya dị ka isiokwu nke ihe ngosi a na-akpọ A Litany for Survival: The Life and Work of Audre Lorde, nke na-egosi ya dị ka onye edemede, onye na-ede uri, onye na-akwado ikike obodo, nwanyị, onye nkụzi, onye na-agba ọsọ ndụ. A na-ehota ya na-ekwu, sị: "Ihe m hapụrụ nwere ndụ nke ya. M kwuru nke a banyere uri; Ekwuru m nke a banyere ụmụaka. Ọfọn, n'ụzọ m na-ekwu nke a banyere onye m bụ "[3].
Site na 1991 ruo ọnwụ ya, ọ bụ onye New York State Poet laureate. <ref name="New York">{{Cite web|title=New York|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/main/poets/newyork.html|work=US State Poets Laureate|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=May 8, 2012|archivedate=November 30, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130130051/https://www.loc.gov/rr/main/poets/newyork.html}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-ahọpụta ya dị ka nke a, gọvanọ Mario Cuomo kwuru banyere Lorde, "echiche ya na-ebute echiche nke ikpe na-ezighị ezi agbụrụ na obi ọjọọ, nke ajọ mbunobi mmekọahụ... Ọ na-eti mkpu megide ya dị ka olu nke ụmụ mmadụ iwe. Audre Lorde bụ olu onye si n'èzí na-ekwu okwu n'asụsụ nwere ike iru ma metụ ndị mmadụ n'ebe niile. " N'afọ 1992, ọ natara Bill Whitehead Award maka Lifetime Achievement site na Publishing Triangle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alp.org/about/audre|title=About Audre Lorde {{!}} The Audre Lorde Project|work=The Audre Lorde Project|date=November 6, 2007|accessdate=October 24, 2018|archivedate=October 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024023739/https://alp.org/about/audre}}</ref> N'afọ 2001, Publishing Triangle guzobere onyinye Audre Lorde iji sọpụrụ ọrụ nke uri ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.publishingtriangle.org/awards.asp#Audre|title=Publishing Triangle awards page|accessdate=January 15, 2016|archivedate=March 23, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323191422/http://www.publishingtriangle.org/awards.asp#Audre}}</ref>
== Nsọpụrụ ==
* 1979, 1983: MacDowell Fellowship<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macdowell.org/artists/audre-lorde|title=Audre Lorde - Artist|work=MacDowell|accessdate=July 15, 2020|archivedate=July 15, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715184829/https://www.macdowell.org/artists/audre-lorde}}</ref>
* 1991-1992: New York State Poet laureate.<ref name="New York"/>
The Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, otu nzukọ dị na New York City aha ya bụ Michael Callen na Lorde, raara onwe ya nye inye ndị obodo LGBT nlekọta ahụike n'agbanyeghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ. Callen-Lorde bụ naanị ebe nlekọta bụ isi na New York City emebere ka ọ na-ejere ndị LGBT ozi.[1]
Audre Lorde Project, nke e guzobere na 1994, bụ òtù dị na Brooklyn maka ndị LGBT na-acha ọbara ọbara. Nzukọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya na nhazi obodo na ọrụ na-enweghị ime ihe ike gbasara nsogbu ndị na-aga n'ihu n'ime New York City, ọkachasị ndị metụtara obodo LGBT, ọrụ AIDS na HIV, ọrụ na-akwado ndị mbata, mgbanwe ụlọ mkpọrọ, na ịhazi n'etiti ndị ntorobịa na-acha ọbara ọbara.<ref name="About the Audre Lorde Project">{{Cite web|url=https://alp.org/about|title=About ALP|date=November 6, 2007|work=The Audre Lorde Project|accessdate=October 24, 2018|archivedate=February 13, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064152/https://alp.org/about}}</ref>
Na June 2019, Lorde bụ otu n'ime ndị America iri ise "ndị ọsụ ụzọ, ndị na-ebute ụzọ, na ndị dike" nke e webatara na National LGBTQ Wall of Honor n'ime Stonewall National Monument (SNM) na Stonewall Inn nke New York City.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|url=https://www.metro.us/news/local-news/new-york/stonewall-inn-lgbtq-wall-honor|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor unveiled at Stonewall Inn|author=Glasses-Baker|first=Becca|date=June 27, 2019|work=metro.us|accessdate=June 28, 2019|archivedate=June 28, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628133313/https://www.metro.us/news/local-news/new-york/stonewall-inn-lgbtq-wall-honor}}</ref><ref name="SDGLN">{{Cite web|url=https://sdgln.com/news/2019/06/19/national-lgbtq-wall-honor-be-unveiled-historic-stonewall-inn|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor to be unveiled at historic Stonewall Inn|author=Rawles|first=Timothy|date=June 19, 2019|work=San Diego Gay and Lesbian News|accessdate=June 21, 2019|archivedate=June 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621091646/https://sdgln.com/news/2019/06/19/national-lgbtq-wall-honor-be-unveiled-historic-stonewall-inn}}</ref> SNM bụ Ihe ncheta mba U.S. mbụ a raara nye Ikike LGBTQ na akụkọ ihe mere eme, na oge a ga-ekpughe mgbidi ahụ n'oge ncheta afọ 50 nke Ọgba aghara Stonewall. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Laird|first=Cynthia|url=https://www.ebar.com/news/news//272833|title=Groups seek names for Stonewall 50 honor wall|work=The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.|accessdate=May 24, 2019|archivedate=May 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524021601/https://www.ebar.com/news/news//272833}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Sachet|first=Donna|url=http://sfbaytimes.com/stonewall-50/|title=Stonewall 50|date=April 3, 2019|work=San Francisco Bay Times|accessdate=May 25, 2019|archivedate=May 25, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525134357/http://sfbaytimes.com/stonewall-50/}}</ref>
N'afọ 2014, a kpọbatara Lorde n'ime Legacy Walk, ihe ngosi ọha na eze n'èzí na [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]], nke na-eme emume akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndị mmadụ LGBTQ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-gay-plaque-wrigleyville-20141012-story.html|title=Legacy Walk honors LGBT 'guardian angels'|date=October 11, 2014|work=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=October 13, 2014|archivedate=May 29, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529001821/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-gay-plaque-wrigleyville-20141012-story.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/pride/2014/10/11/photos-7-lgbt-heroes-honored-plaques-chicagos-legacy-walk?page=full|title=Photos: 7 LGBT Heroes Honored With Plaques in Chicago's Legacy Walk|work=Advocate.com|date=October 11, 2014|accessdate=October 13, 2014|archivedate=July 6, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706030243/http://www.advocate.com/pride/2014/10/11/photos-7-lgbt-heroes-honored-plaques-chicagos-legacy-walk?page=full}}</ref>
Ihe nrite Audre Lorde bụ ihe nrite edemede kwa afọ nke Publishing Triangle na-enye iji sọpụrụ ọrụ nke uri ụmụ nwanyị, nke mbụ e gosipụtara na 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Audre Lorde Award for Lesbian Poetry|url=https://publishingtriangle.org/awards/audre-lorde-lesbian-poetry/|accessdate=2024-02-13|work=The Publishing Triangle|language=en-US|archivedate=October 28, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028211138/https://publishingtriangle.org/awards/audre-lorde-lesbian-poetry/}}</ref>
In June 2019, Lorde's residence in Staten Island<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2642.pdf|title=Audre Lorde Residence|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|date=June 18, 2019|accessdate=January 22, 2020|archivedate=September 18, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918023136/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2642.pdf}}</ref> was given landmark designation by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/449355-six-new-york-city-locations-dedicated-as-lgbtq-landmarks|title=Six New York City locations dedicated as LGBTQ landmarks|publisher=TheHill|date=June 19, 2019|accessdate=June 24, 2019|archivedate=June 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624190313/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/449355-six-new-york-city-locations-dedicated-as-lgbtq-landmarks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/six-historical-new-york-city-lgbtq-sites-given-landmark-designation-n1019336|title=Six historical New York City LGBTQ sites given landmark designation|work=NBC News|date=June 19, 2019|accessdate=June 24, 2019|archivedate=June 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624073921/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/six-historical-new-york-city-lgbtq-sites-given-landmark-designation-n1019336}}</ref>
Maka egwuregwu mbụ ha na Machị 2019, ụmụ nwanyị nke otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke United States na-eyi uwe elu nwere aha nwanyị ha na-asọpụrụ n'azụ; Megan Rapinoe họọrọ aha Lorde.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ennis|first=Dawn|url=https://www.outsports.com/2019/3/4/18248520/lesbian-icons-honored-with-jerseys-worn-uswnt|title=Lesbian icons honored with jerseys worn by USWNT|publisher=Outsports|date=March 4, 2019|accessdate=March 4, 2019|archivedate=March 5, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305152541/https://www.outsports.com/2019/3/4/18248520/lesbian-icons-honored-with-jerseys-worn-uswnt}}</ref>
Na Jenụwarị 2021, a kpọrọ Audre onye ọrụ "Broad You Should Know" na podcast Broads You Should Know . <ref name="Broads You Should Know">{{Cite web|author=Broads You Should Know|title=Audre Lorde|url=https://broadsyoushouldknow.com/audre-lorde/|year=2021|accessdate=April 9, 2021|archivedate=April 17, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417235822/https://broadsyoushouldknow.com/audre-lorde/}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 18, 2021, Google mere emume ncheta ọmụmụ ya nke afọ 87 na Google Doodle. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Audre Lorde's 87th Birthday|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/audre-lordes-87th-birthday/|accessdate=February 18, 2021|work=www.google.com|language=en}}</ref>
Na Septemba 2023, a gbanwere aha akụkụ ugwu nke Manteuffelstrasse dị na Berlin Kreuzberg ka ọ bụrụ Audre-Lorde-Straße . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tringali|first=Stella|date=2024-04-25|title=Berlin: Chaos bei der Umbenennung der Manteuffelstraße in Audre-Lorde-Straße|url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/mensch-metropole/berlin-chaos-bei-der-umbenennung-der-manteuffelstrasse-in-audre-lorde-strasse-li.2208679|accessdate=2024-05-16|work=Berliner Zeitung|language=de}}</ref> A rụchara ọrụ ahụ na June 28, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-11-02|title=Audre-Lorde-Straße: Berlin street renamed for feminist poet|url=https://www.the-berliner.com/english-news-berlin/audre-lorde-strase-berlin-street-renamed-for-feminist-poet/|accessdate=2025-11-02|work=The Berliner|language=en}}</ref>
Lorde bụ isiokwu nke akụkọ ndụ 2024 akpọrọ Survival Is a Promise, nke Alexis Pauline Gumbs dere.<ref name="Wortham_article">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/22/magazine/audre-lorde-biography-legacy.html|title=The Afterlives of Audre Lorde|work=The New York Times|first=J|author=Wortham|date=August 22, 2024|accessdate=August 23, 2024|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi ma kwuo maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="Wortham_article" />
== Ọrụ ==
* {{Cite book|title=The First Cities|publisher=Poets Press|location=New York City|year=1968|oclc=12420176}}
* {{Cite book|title=Cables to Rage|publisher=Paul Breman|location=London|year=1970|oclc=18047271}}
* {{Cite book|title=From a Land Where Other People Live|publisher=Broadside Press|location=Detroit|year=1973|isbn=978-0-910296-97-7}}
* {{Cite book|title=New York Head Shop and Museum|publisher=Broadside Press|location=Detroit|year=1974|isbn=978-0-910296-34-2}}
* {{Cite book|title=Coal|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|location=New York|year=1976|isbn=978-0-393-04446-1}}
* {{Cite book|title=Between Our Selves|publisher=Eidolon Editions|location=Point Reyes, California|year=1976|oclc=2976713}}
* {{Cite book|title=Hanging Fire|year=1978}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Black Unicorn|url=https://archive.org/details/blackunicornpoem00lord|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|location=New York|year=1978|isbn=978-0-393-31237-9}}
* {{Cite book|title=Chosen Poems: Old and New|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|location=New York|year=1982|isbn=978-0-393-30017-8|url=https://archive.org/details/chosenpoemsoldne00lord}}
* {{Cite book|title=Our Dead Behind Us|url=https://archive.org/details/ourdeadbehindusp00lord|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|location=New York|year=1986|isbn=978-0-393-30327-8}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Marvelous Arithmetics of Distance: Poems 1987–1992|url=https://archive.org/details/marvelousarithme0000lord_n7d9|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|location=New York|year=1993|isbn=978-0-393-03513-1}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Collected Poems of Audre Lorde|url=https://archive.org/details/collectedpoemsof0000lord|publisher=W. W. Norton Publishing|year=1997|isbn=9780393040906}}[a]
* {{Cite book|title=Your Silence Will Not Protect You : Essays and Poems|publisher=Silver Press|year=2017|isbn=9780995716223}}[b]
=== Akwụkwọ Prose ===
* "N'ajụjụ ọnụ na Audre Lorde", na Against Sadomasochism: A Radical Feminist Analysis, ed. Robin Ruth Linden (East Palo Alto, Calif.: Frog in the Well, 1982.), peeji nke 66-71 ,
=== Ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ ===
== Hụkwa ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
* Akwụkwọ ndị America
* Ịbụ onye inyom na United States
* Ndepụta nke ndị na-ede uri na-egosi mmekọahụ n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị
* Ụmụ nwanyị ojii
* Intersectionality
* Afrocentrism
== Edensibia ==
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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'''Patrick Obasi''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33578_(ibo)-Goodymeraj-Patrick_Obasi.wav|Listen}}; iri na ise 1951 - iri na isii Ọktoba 2012), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka '''Patty Obasi''', bụ onye Naijiria na-edekọ egwu gospel.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/goodnight-patty/|title=Goodnight, Patty|date=2 November 2012|accessdate=2 July 2016|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke egwu ozioma nke Naijiria, Patty Obasi ghọrọ onye a ma ama na 1980 mgbe a tọhapụrụ abọm ya ''Nwa Mama Iwota'' .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriansinamerica.com/igbo-music-where-are-the-gongs-and-flutes/|title=Igbo Music: Where Are The Gongs And Flutes?|publisher=Nigerians in America|author=Obi|first=Felix-Abraham|date=25 May 2006|accessdate=2 July 2016}}</ref>
A mụrụ Patrick Obasi na [[Mmaku]], obere obodo dị na [[Awgu]] mpaghara ọchịchị nke Enugu Steeti, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ebe ọ malitere ọrụ ịbụ abụ ya.<ref name="van">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/gospel-singer-patty-obasi-dies-of-kidney-failure/|title=Gospel singer, Patty Obasi, dies of kidney failure|author=Edike|first=Tony|date=27 October 2012|accessdate=2 July 2016|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
Obasi wepụtara abọm izizi ya ''Bianu Kanyi Kele Jehova'' ma gaa n'ihu wepụta ihe karịrị abọm studio iri na ise. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.justgospel.com.ng/2010/11/i-used-music-to-spread-the-gospel-patty-obasi.html|title=I Used Music To Spread The Gospel - "Patty Obasi"|author=Ovye|first=John|date=2010-11-26|work=Gospel Songs 2020|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-01-08|archivedate=2020-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806055533/https://www.justgospel.com.ng/2010/11/i-used-music-to-spread-the-gospel-patty-obasi.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/remembering-patty-obasi-patrick-oguejiofor/|title=Tribute: Remembering Gospel Singer And Champion For Christ Patty Obasi|work=The Trent|author=Oguejiofor|first=Patrick|date=7 March 2014|accessdate=2 July 2016}}</ref>
Patty Obasi bụ onye a ma ama na-agụ egwú, onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara na onye na-ezisa ozi ọma egwú. Egwú ya juputara na nkuzi gbasara ụkpụrụ omume, omume ọjọọ ọha na eze na ndụ ndị Kraịst kwesịrị ekwesị. Ụzọ ndụ nke mere ka a kpọọ ya "ọgha mkpụrụ" na onye a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ nsọpụrụ maka iji egwu ya kwusaa ozioma.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-23|title=Patty Obasi Biography, Career, Family And Songs|url=https://soundwela.net/biography/patty-obasi-biography-career-family-and-songs/|accessdate=2024-10-15|work=soundwela.net|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121112456/https://soundwela.net/biography/patty-obasi-biography-career-family-and-songs/}}</ref>
== Ọnwụ ==
Patty nwụrụ mgbe ọ lụchara ọgụ na nkụchi akụrụ, na iri na isii Ọktoba 2012 n'ụlọ ya na Enugu, ebe ọ tụbọrọ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'ụbọchị ahụ.<ref name="van"/>
== Nkọwapụta ==
* Uwa Bu Ahai
* Onye Kwere Ekwu
* Anya Nelebe
* Bianu Kanyi Kele Jehova
* Onye Isi Agha
* Nwa Mama Iwota
* Okara Akapa
* Ọgaranya n'A Crate
* Isoro Jizọs na-eje ije
* Ezi Nwayi Di Ukor
* Ubanase
* Anya n'ele uwa
* Ogadika Oluebube
* Onye Onyinye
* Onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya
* Ezinwanye Di Iko
* Chinaza Oku
* Onye Ọgaranya Mepụta
* Anyi Gana Eje N'iru
== Hụkwa ==
* Ndepụta nke ndị na-agụ egwú gospel na Naijiria
== Edensibia ==
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[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Odion Jude Ighalo''' (amụrụ na 16 June 1989) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu.
Mbụ ọ malitere ọrụ ya na klọb ndị Naijiria Prime na [[Bridge F.C.|Julius Berger]], Ighalo kwagara na klọbu Norwegian Lyn na 2007. Otu afọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, klọb Ịtali Udinese bịanyere aka na ya, na-etinye ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ na klọb Spain Granada. N'afọ 2014, ọ bịanyere aka na klọb Championship Watford ma bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa na nkwalite klọb ahụ na Premier League na oge 2014-15. Na Jenụwarị 2017, Ighalo sonyeere klọb Chinese Super League Changchun Yatai maka £ 20 nde, tupu ọ kwaga Shanghai Shenhua. Na Jenụwarị 2020, Ighalo laghachiri na Premier League, sonye na Manchester United na mgbazinye ego, na mbido ruo na ngwụcha oge 2019-20; a gbatịkwuru mgbazinye ahụ ruo Jenụwarụwarị 2021.
Ighalo mere nke mbụ ya maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na Machị 2015 megide Uganda. Ọ nọchitere anya mba ahụ na 2018 World Cup ma bụrụ onye kacha gbaa goolu na 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification campaign. O mechara duru Naijiria gaa n'ọkwa nke atọ na 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, ebe ọ gwụchara na asọmpi Team of the Tournament ma bụrụ onye kacha gbaa goolu.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ighalo Emerges AFCON 2019 Top Scorer With Five Goals|url=https://www.completesports.com/ighalo-emerges-afcon-2019-top-scorer-with-five-goals/|author=Ezekute|first=Nnamdi|date=19 July 2019|work=[[Complete Sports]]|accessdate=24 May 2020}}</ref>
== Ọrụ klọb ==
=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
A Mbụ ya ma zụlite ya na [[Ajegunle]], Lagos, Ighalo na Prime na [[Bridge F.C.|Julius Berger]] gbara bọọlụ na mba ya, ebe onye ọrụ FIFA bụ Marcelo Houseman chọpụtara ya bụ onye tụrụ aro ka ọ gaa Atta Aneke, Lyn nke Norway mechara kpee ya ikpe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Odion Ighalo Stats|url=https://fbref.com/en/players/03622183/Odion-Ighalo|accessdate=18 May 2021|work=FBref.com}}</ref>
O mere nke mbụ ya na Tippeligaen na 16 Septemba 2007 mgbe ọ dị naanị afọ 18, na-emeri 2-0 n'ụlọ megide Viking. Ọ gbara goolu isii n'egwuregwu iri na atọ n'afọ nke abụọ ya iji nyere ndị otu ya aka iru n'ọkwa nke asaa, ma mesịa mee ka klọb ndị ọzọ nọ na mba ahụ nwee mmasị, ebe Brann kọọrọ Lyn na Norwegian Football Federation maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi na usoro mkparịta ụka ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lyn.no/index.aspx?id=2377616|title=Lyn, Brann og Odion Ighalo|publisher=FC Lyn|language=no|date=30 July 2008|accessdate=15 January 2010}}</ref>
Na 30 Julaị 2008, Ighalo bịanyere aka na Udinese na Ịtali, na-aga n'akụkụ onye otu ya Jo Inge Berget ma kweta nkwekọrịta afọ ise.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lyn.no/index.aspx?id=2377620|title=Blir trist å forlate Lyn|publisher=FC Lyn|language=no|date=30 July 2008|accessdate=15 January 2010}}</ref> Ọ pụtara obere na Serie A n'Oge izizi ya, na-emeri Cagliari na 6-2 n'ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/it/news/2/serie-a/2009/05/31/1296724/udinese-cagliari-6-2-quagliarella-saluta-nella-festa-del|title=Udinese-Cagliari 6–2: Quagliarella saluta nella festa del goal|work=Goal.com|language=it|date=31 May 2009|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref> Anọ n'ime ise ọ pụtara na league bịara dị ka onye na-anọchi anya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Odion Ighalo must do what it takes to extend Manchester United stay|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/odion-ighalo-must-do-what-it-takes-to-extend-manchester/w0eh5ekc5b2p1xuxre8hercbp|accessdate=21 June 2022|work=Goal.com}}</ref>
A gbazitere Ighalo Granada n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2009, dịka akụkụ nke nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Udinese na ndị Spain. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.granadacf.es/gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=291&catid=2913|title=Apuesta de futuro por el Granada CF|publisher=Granada CF|language=es|date=10 July 2009|accessdate=17 August 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113033644/http://www.granadacf.es/gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=291&catid=291|archivedate=13 November 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.granadacf.es/gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=300:pistoletazo-de-salida&catid=34:ultimas-noticias&Itemid=59|title=Pistoletazo de salida al Granada C.F. 2009/2010|publisher=Granada CF|language=es|date=23 July 2009|accessdate=20 August 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090729051407/http://www.granadacf.es/gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=300%3Apistoletazo-de-salida&catid=34%3Aultimas-noticias&Itemid=59|archivedate=29 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.granadacf.es/gr/index.php?view=article&catid=34%3Aultimas-noticias&id=338%3Aodion-ighalo&option=com_content&Itemid=59|title=Odion Ighalo, nuevo jugador del Granada C.F.|publisher=Granada CF|language=es|date=22 August 2009|accessdate=22 August 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826133014/http://www.granadacf.es/gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=338%3Aodion-ighalo&catid=34%3Aultimas-noticias&Itemid=59|archivedate=26 August 2009}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ ugboro iri na asaa n'afọ mbụ ya (gụnyere egwuregwu) na ise n'afọ nke abụọ, ebe oge abụọ ahụ kwụsịrị na nkwalite; nke a na-agbakọta ya na obere oge mgbazinye na Ịtali, na Cesena.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ideal.es/jaen/20100516/deportes/granada-cf/granada-medio-palmo-ascenso-201005162103.html|title=El Granada, a medio palmo del ascenso|work=Ideal|language=es|date=16 May 2010|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.marca.com/marcador/futbol/2010_11/promocion_ascenso/final/vuelta/elc_gda/indexCronica.html|title=Granada, en Primera 35 años después|work=Marca|language=es|date=18 June 2011|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deportes.elpais.com/deportes/2011/06/19/actualidad/1308468115_850215.html|title=Ighalo, el goleador oportuno|work=El País|language=es|date=19 June 2011|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/ufficiale-ighalo-al-cesena-218786|title=Ufficiale: Ighalo al Cesena|publisher=Tutto Mercato Web|language=it|date=16 July 2010|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref>
Ighalo gara n'ihu na-egwuri egwu na Granada n'afọ ndị sochirinụ, nke ka bụ nke klọb Udine.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.marca.com/2012/08/31/futbol/equipos/granada/1346411243.html|title=Ighalo vuelve cedido a Granada|work=Marca|language=es|date=31 August 2012|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ideal.es/agencias/20130824/deportes/futbol/ighalo-jugara-granada-quinta-campana_201308241353.html|title=Ighalo jugará en el Granada su quinta campaña consecutiva cedido por {{sic |nolink=y|Udinense}}|work=Ideal|language=es|date=24 August 2013|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya na La Liga n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2011, malite ma gbaa nkeji iri itoolu zuru ezu na mmeri 0-1 n'ụlọ na Real Betis.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elpais.com/articulo/deportes/Ruben/Castro/hace/justicia/elpepudep/20110828elpepudep_1/Tes|title=Rubén Castro hace justicia|work=El País|language=es|date=28 August 2011|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref>
=== Watford ===
[[Faịlụ:Odion_Ighalo_20140802.jpg|thumb|Ighalo na-ekpo ọkụ maka Watford na 2014]]
Ighalo sonyeere Watford na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye oge site na Udinese, na 29 Julaị 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/sport/11373606.UPDATED__Ighalo_completes_Watford_move/?ref=mrs|title=Udinese striker Odion Ighalo agrees one-year loan switch to Watford|work=Watford Observer|date=29 July 2014|accessdate=30 July 2014}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya maka klọb ndị England na agba nke mbụ nke League Cup na Stevenage na 12 Ọgọstụ, wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya na Championship megide Brentford na 30 Septemba site na ịpị bọọlụ n'ụlọ mgbe David Button zọpụtara penalty mbụ ya, na Mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/28652554|title=Stevenage 0–1 Watford|work=BBC Sport|date=12 August 2014|accessdate=2 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29320618|title=Watford 2–1 Brentford|work=BBC Sport|date=30 September 2014|accessdate=2 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.watfordfc.com/teams/first-team/odion-ighalo|title=Odion Ighalo|publisher=Watford F.C.|accessdate=29 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129003545/https://www.watfordfc.com/teams/first-team/odion-ighalo|archivedate=29 January 2017}}</ref>
N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, Watford kwụsịrị ịgbazinye ego Ighalo ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide n'otu ụbọchị ahụ Udinese tọhapụrụ ya na nkwekọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.watfordfc.com/news/article/141024-odion-ighalo-watford-fc-permanent-transfer-2037957.aspx|title=Official: Ighalo signs permanent deal|publisher=Watford F.C.|date=24 October 2014|accessdate=24 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024201857/http://www.watfordfc.com/news/article/141024-odion-ighalo-watford-fc-permanent-transfer-2037957.aspx|archivedate=24 October 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọnwa atọ gachara, ọ gbara goolu anọ na ọkara nke abụọ ma bụrụ onye a họpụtara dịka onye egwuregwu ahụ na 7-2 n'ụlọ Blackpool, onye butere 0-2 na ọkara oge; ọ butere ọnụ ọgụgụ league ya ruo 14 na 10 Febụwarị 2015, mgbe ọ gbasịrị aka iji nyere ndị otu ya aka ịbịa site n'azụ na Brentford iji merie ya 2-1 - nke abụọ ya bịara site na isi mmerụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30860531|title=Watford 7–2 Blackpool|work=BBC Sport|date=24 January 2015|accessdate=11 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31105995|title=Brentford 1–2 Blackpool|work=BBC Sport|date=10 February 2015|accessdate=12 February 2015}}</ref>
Ighalo mere mbụ Njikọ Njikọ ya na 8 August 2015, dochie José Manuel Jurado 16 nkeji oge ma tinye ndị ọbịa ahụ n'ihu 2-1 na 2-2 sere na Everton imeghe oge. O meriri ugboro abụọ na mmeri 2-0 n'ụlọ megide West Ham United na 31 October, na-ewere ọnụọgụ ya ruo ihe mgbaru ọsọ asaa maka oge ahụ wee bụrụ onye kachasị na asọmpi ahụ mgbe nanị egwuregwu iri na otu gasịrị. Na 20 Disemba, Ighalo meriri na mmeri nke anọ Watford nwetara na nso nso a, mmeri 3–0 meriri Liverpool. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ise ya mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe nrite Premier League nke ọnwa Disemba, onye njikwa Quique Sánchez Flores na-enweta ihe nrite ahụ.
Ighalo mebiri nkeji 599 nke onwe ya na 13 Machị 2016, site na goolu na mmeri 2-1 megide ndị na-ejide Arsenal na nkeji iri na ise Iko FA Cup, na-etinye Hornets n'ime anọ ikpeazụ maka oge mbụ n'ime afọ itoolu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35738604|title=Arsenal 1–2 Watford|work=BBC Sport|author=Jennings|first=Patrick|date=13 March 2016|accessdate=13 March 2016}}</ref> N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ ise ọhụrụ mana, n'afọ sochirinụ, ọ gbara naanị otu goolu league ma ọ chọtabeghị net n'egwuregwu iri na ise ikpeazụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37059579|title=Odion Ighalo: Nigerian striker 'honoured' by new Watford deal|work=BBC Sport|date=12 August 2016|accessdate=14 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="Yatai">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38796667|title=Odion Ighalo: Watford striker joins Changchun Yatai for £20m|work=BBC Sport|date=31 January 2017|accessdate=31 January 2017}}</ref>
=== Changchun Yatai ===
Na 31 Jenụwarị 2017, Ighalo sonyeere klọb Chinese Super League Changchun Yatai maka £ 20 nde. <ref name="Yatai" />Ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke abụọ na chaatị ịgba goolu n'oge nke abụọ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na otu, mana ndị otu ya merụrụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/ighalos-club-chanchung-yatai-suffers-relegation-in-china/y27wt4t|title=Ighalo's club Chanchung Yatai suffers relegation in China|author=Abayomi|first=Tosin|date=11 November 2018|accessdate=2 March 2019|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46646423|title=Nigeria's Odion Ighalo does not plan on playing in second division|work=BBC Sport|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|date=21 December 2018|accessdate=2 March 2019}}</ref>
=== Shanghai Shenhua ===
Ighalo gafere na Shanghai Shenhua na 14 Febụwarị 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.sina.com.cn/china/j/2019-02-14/doc-ihqfskcp5045888.shtml|publisher=Sina Corp|language=zh|date=14 February 2019|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47237760|title=Odion Ighalo: Nigeria striker 'excited' to reunite with Quique Sanchez Flores in China|work=BBC Sport|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|date=14 February 2019|accessdate=1 April 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị, o kwuru na ọ jụrụ ịkwaga Barcelona n'ọnwa gara aga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47733498|title=Odion Ighalo: Why I turned down Barcelona move|work=BBC Sport|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|date=29 March 2019|accessdate=1 April 2019}}</ref>
N'ọnwa Machị 2020, Shenhua nyere ya nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta karịrị £ 400,000 kwa izu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/transfer/news/12691/11963891/man-utd-loanee-odion-ighalo-offered-400k-a-week-deal-by-shanghai-shenhua|title=Man Utd loanee Odion Ighalo offered £400k-a-week deal by Shanghai Shenhua|publisher=Sky|work=Sky Sports|first=Dharmesh|author=Sheth|date=26 March 2020|accessdate=27 March 2020}}</ref>
==== Ịgbazinye Manchester United ====
Na 31 Jenụwarị 2020, Ighalo laghachiri na Premier League, sonye na Manchester United na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51335993|title=Odion Ighalo: Manchester United sign Nigeria striker on loan until end of season|work=BBC Sport|author=Stone|first=Simon|date=31 January 2020|accessdate=31 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=United complete loan move for Nigerian striker Ighalo|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-and-shanghai-shenhua-reach-agreement-for-odion-ighalo-loan|work=ManUtd.com|publisher=Manchester United|date=1 February 2020|accessdate=1 February 2020}}</ref> N'ime nke a, ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu Naijiria mbụ, na onye Afrịka nke asaa, sonyeere klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/manchester-united-african-players-before-odion-ighalo|title=Manchester United African players before Odion Ighalo|work=ManUtd.com|publisher=Manchester United|accessdate=11 February 2020}}</ref> Mgbe e gosipụtara ọpụpụ ahụ, Ighalo kpughere na ọ kwụsịrị ụgwọ iji mee ka ọpụpụ ya mee, na-akpọ ya " nrọ" ịbanye na klọb ahụ ọ kwadoro kemgbe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/feb/05/odion-ighalo-reveals-he-took-pay-cut-to-make-dream-manchester-united-move|title=Odion Ighalo reveals he took pay cut to make 'dream' Manchester United move|date=5 February 2020|work=The Guardian|accessdate=11 February 2020}}</ref> Ọ họọrọ iyi uwe elu nke ọnụọgụ 25, nke onye egwuregwu Africa mbụ na nke kachasị ogologo oge nke United, Quinton Fortune nke South Africa, yibu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/odion-ighalo-explains-choice-of-shirt-number-at-man-utd|title=Odion Ighalo explains choice of shirt number at Man Utd|work=ManUtd.com|publisher=Manchester United|accessdate=11 February 2020}}</ref>
Amachibidoro ọnụnọ ndị otu egwuregwu ya ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ nchekwa n'ihi nchegbu na-aga n'ihu gbasara ntiwapụ COVID-19 na China. Mgbe o mechara ihe ngosi atọ, Ighalo mere egwuregwu mbụ ya maka United na ụkwụ nke abụọ nke Europa League megide Club Brugge na 27 February. Ọ gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya maka United, nke mbụ ya na asọmpi European, ka ndị ọbịa ahụ meriri 5–0.Otu izu ka e mesịrị, o mere mpụta mbụ ya maka ọgbakọ ahụ ka United meriri Derby County 3–0 na iko FA.[4] N'asọmpi ikpeazụ nke United tupu ọrịa COVID-19, Ighalo meriri ọkara volley ka ọ gbachara goolu na 5–0 meriri LASK; Akpọrọ ya aha United's Goal of the Month maka March.
Site na nkwụsịtụ bọọlụ n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19 na mgbazinye ego Ighalo ga-agwụ na ngwụcha Mee, United kwupụtara na ha ekwekọrịtala ịgbatị nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego nke Ighalo ruo 30 Jenụwarị 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Adam|author=Bostock|title=Confirmed: United extend Ighalo loan deal|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-extend-odion-ighalo-loan-from-shanghai-greenland-shenhua|work=ManUtd.com|publisher=Manchester United|date=1 June 2020|accessdate=27 January 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2021, Ighalo biputere ozi ekele na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta, tupu ọ pụọ na United na ngwụcha ọnwa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Odion Ighalo: Manchester United loanee bids emotional farewell|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11667/12199947/odion-ighalo-manchester-united-loanee-bids-emotional-farewell|work=Sky Sports|date=26 January 2021|accessdate=27 January 2021}}</ref> United kwupụtara ọpụpụ Ighalo n'ụbọchị na-esote.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ighalo loan period ends|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/odion-ighalo-bids-farewell-to-man-utd-after-loan-period-ends|work=ManUtd.com|publisher=Manchester United|date=27 January 2021|accessdate=27 January 2021}}</ref>
=== Al Shabab ===
Na 4 Febụwarị 2021, Ighalo sonyeere klọb Saudi Professional League Al Shabab na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na ọkara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/odion-ighalo-ex-manchester-united-striker-joins-al-shabab/s9kyxdmx0isf1tb9am0g5uuz5|accessdate=4 February 2021|title=Odion Ighalo: Ex-Manchester United striker joins Al Shabab from Shanghai Shenhua}}</ref>
=== Al-Hilal ===
Na 29 Jenụwarị 2022, ọ bịanyere aka na klọb Saudi Al-Hilal . <ref>{{Cite web|author=McAuley|first=John|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2022/01/30/al-hilal-recruit-former-manchester-united-striker-odion-ighalo-from-title-rivals-al-shabab/|title=Al Hilal recruit former Manchester United striker Odion Ighalo from title rivals Al Shabab|publisher=The National News|date=30 January 2022}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara oge mbụ ya dị ka onye kacha gbaa goolu na league.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Alao|first=Seyi|url=https://www.brila.net/ighalo-happy-with-successful-season-with-al-hilal/|title=Ighalo happy with successful season with Al Hilal|publisher=brila.net|date=30 June 2022|accessdate=11 May 2026|archivedate=29 November 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129025453/https://www.brila.net/ighalo-happy-with-successful-season-with-al-hilal/}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2023, ọ gbara goolu anọ na mmeri 7-0 meriri Al-Duhail na ọkara ikpeazụ nke Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/article/656306/sports/hilal-thrash-duhail-to-reach-afc-champions-league-final|title=Hilal thrash Duhail to reach AFC Champions league final|publisher=Gulf Times|date=26 February 2023}}</ref>
=== Al-Wehda ===
N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, Ighalo sonyeere Al-Wehda n'efu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=الوحدة.. ثالث محطات إيجالو في الدوري السعودي|url=https://arriyadiyah.com/815633}}</ref>
[[Faịlụ:Odion_Ighalo.jpg|thumb|261x261px|Ighalo na-egwuri egwu maka [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] na 2018 World CupIko Mbaụwa nke 2018]]
Na 24 Maachị 2015, mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ na-adịghị mma maka Watford, onye njikwa ọhụrụ Nigeria Daniel Amokachi họpụtara Ighalo na nke mbụ, onye nke ikpeazụ kwuru, sị, "Enwere m obi ụtọ n'ihi na ọ bụ nrọ m igwu egwu maka obodo m". Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, malite na 0–1 enyi na enyi meriri Uganda.
A kpọrọ Ighalo aha na mbụ dị ka otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu atọ karịrị afọ n'ime otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi Olimpik nke afọ 2016, mana o mechara ghara ịga Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/siasia-picks-mikel-ighalo-akpeyi-olympics/|title=EXCLUSIVE: Siasia picks Mikel, Ighalo, Akpeyi for Olympics; Iwobi doubtful|publisher=Complete Sports|date=27 May 2016|accessdate=6 June 2016|archivedate=31 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531151722/http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/siasia-picks-mikel-ighalo-akpeyi-olympics/}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu mmadụ iri abụọ na atọ maka mbipụta FIFA World Cup na-abịanụ na Russia, na-apụta nke mbụ ya na asọmpi ahụ site n'ịgba nkeji iri asaa na atọ na mmeri 0-2 megide Croatia; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/nigeria/story/3516588/nigeria-super-eagles-drop-ola-ainamikel-agu-from-world-cup-squad|title=Super Eagles drop Aina, Agu from World Cup squad|publisher=ESPN|date=3 June 2018|accessdate=4 June 2018}}</ref> n'ọnwa Ọktoba, ọ kpughere na ezinụlọ ya nwetara egwu ọnwụ mgbe ọ na-emeghị akara na asọmpiەکە.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44422185|title=Croatia 2–0 Nigeria|work=BBC Sport|author=Whalley|first=Mike|date=16 June 2018|accessdate=17 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45928562|title=Odion Ighalo: 'Threat to family not enough to make me quit'|work=BBC Sport|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|date=20 October 2018|accessdate=25 October 2018}}</ref>
Ighalo gbara goolu asaa na 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification campaign, nke onye ọ bụla na-egwu egwuregwu, iji nyere Naịjirịa aka iru eru maka asọmpi ikpeazụ na Egypt n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/extra-time-nigerias-odion-ighalo-celebrates-afcon/155dw6uqnaxly1jbu0o8x399zc|title=EXTRA TIME: Nigeria's Odion Ighalo celebrates Afcon goalscoring feat|work=Goal.com|author=Taiwo|first=Taiye|date=25 March 2019|accessdate=26 March 2019}}</ref> A gụnyere ya na ndị otu Gernot Rohr, na-ekere òkè na egwuregwu niile ma chọta net megide Burundi na mpaghara otu (1-0), <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/06/09/breaking-afcon-2019-rohr-announces-final-super-eagles-23-man-squad-full-list/|title=AFCON 2019: Rohr announces final Super Eagles 23-man squad (Full list)|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|author=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=9 June 2019|accessdate=1 July 2019}}</ref> Cameroon na agba nke 16 (3-2 mmeri), <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-super-eagles-beat-burundi-1-0/|title=UPDATED: Odion Ighalo snatches Nigeria winner against stubborn Burundi|work=[[The Punch]]|date=22 June 2019|accessdate=1 July 2019}}</ref> Algeria na ọkara ikpeazụ (1-2 ọnwụ) <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-algeria-knock-nigeria-out-of-2019-afcon/|title=BREAKING: Algeria knock Nigeria out of 2019 AFCON|work=[[The Punch]]|date=14 July 2019|accessdate=14 July 2019}}</ref> na Tunisia na nke atọ (1-0).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-nigeria-beat-cameroon-3-2-qualify-for-quarter-finals/|title=UPDATED: Nigeria beat Cameroon 3–2, qualify for quarter-finals|work=[[The Punch]]|date=6 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="ACN">{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-nigeria-beat-tunisia-win-bronze/|title=BREAKING: Nigeria beat Tunisia, win bronze|work=[[The Punch]]|date=17 July 2019|accessdate=17 July 2019}}</ref> Na ngwụcha asọmpi ahụ, ọ kwupụtara ezumike nká ya na mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190720-cup-nations-golden-boot-ighalo-retires-international-football|title=Cup of Nations Golden Boot Ighalo retires from international football|publisher=France 24|date=20 July 2019|accessdate=10 September 2019}}</ref>
A kpọghachiri Ighalo na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka [[Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2021]] mana klọb ya, Al Shabab, gbochiri ya isonye.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Damola|author=Ogungbe|title=Breaking: Cyril Dessers to replace Odion Ighalo in Super Eagles squad for AFCON 2021|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/cyril-dessers-to-replace-odion-ighalo-in-super-eagles-squad-for-afcon-2021/g44x82q|date=5 January 2022|accessdate=6 January 2022|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref>
Ighalo bụ Onye Kraịst na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xtheline.co.uk/interview-watford-striker-jude-ighalo-talks-goals-and-god-with-cross-the-line/|title=Interview: Watford striker, Jude Ighalo talks goals and God with Cross The Line|publisher=Cross The Line|author=Baines|first=Ollie|date=1 October 2015|accessdate=28 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002114356/http://xtheline.co.uk/interview-watford-striker-jude-ighalo-talks-goals-and-god-with-cross-the-line/|archivedate=2 October 2016}}</ref> onye na-enyekarị akụkụ nke ụgwọ ọrụ ya maka òtù ọrụ ebere Naijiria iji nyere ụmụaka dara ogbenye, ụlọ akwụkwọ na ndị inyom di ha nwụrụ aka n'okpuru akara ịda ogbenye. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/watfords-odion-ighalo-discusses-heart-6647585|title=Watford's Odion Ighalo discusses his heart of Gold and hopes of reuniting with Arsenal's Alexis Sanchez|work=Daily Mirror|author=Walters|first=Mike|date=16 October 2015|accessdate=1 December 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-akwado Manchester United ogologo oge.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51383589|title=Odion Ighalo: Manchester United striker took pay cut to make loan deal happen|work=BBC Sport|date=5 February 2020|accessdate=10 February 2020}}</ref> Ighalo nwere ụmụ atọ, ụmụ nwoke abụọ na otu nwa nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jeremiah|first=Abass|date=31 August 2020|title=Odion Ighalo's children Show Support By Rocking New Manchester United Jerseys|url=https://ab-tc.com/odion-ighalos-children-show-support-by-rocking-new-manchester-united-jerseys/|accessdate=2 December 2020|work=ABTC}}</ref> Na 22 June 2021, a kpughere ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya National Principal's Cup na Abuja site na Ministry of Youth and Sports Development, Sunday Dare.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 June 2021|title=FG names Ighalo National Principal's Cup ambassador|url=https://punchng.com/fg-names-ighalo-national-principals-cup-ambassador/|accessdate=22 June 2021|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref>
N'afọ 2016, ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọkàiwu ọha na eze nke Granada, Spain, boro Ighalo ebubo, ya na mmadụ 94 ndị ọzọ (gụnyere onye na-agba bọọlụ Diego Buonanotte), na ha sonyere na atụmatụ nrụrụ aka nke metụtara ule ịkwọ ụgbọala edere ede. Atụmatụ ahụ gụnyere ịchịkwa ule iji hụ na ndị metụtara gafere ule edere ede.
== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan="2" |Klọb
! rowspan="2" |Oge
! colspan="3" |Njikọ
! colspan="2" |Iko mba[a]
! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ[b]
! colspan="2" |Kọntinent
! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Mbụ
|2005
|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa
|5
|0
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|5
|0
|-
|[[Bridge F.C.|Julius Berger]]
|2006<ref name="NFT" />
|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa
|10
|5
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|10
|5
|-
| rowspan="3" |Lyn
|2007<ref name="NFT" />
| rowspan="2" |Tippeligaen
|7
|3
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|7
|3
|-
|2008<ref name="NFT" />
|13
|6
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|13
|6
|-
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
!20
!9
!0
!0
! colspan="2" |-
! colspan="2" |-
! colspan="2" |-
!20
!9
|-
|Udinese
|2008–09<ref name="NFT" />
|Usoro A
|6
|1
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|6
|1
|-
|Granada (onye a gbazinyere)
|2009–10<ref name="NFT" />
|Nkewa nke Abụọ B
|26
|16
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|2[c]
|1
|28
|17
|-
|Cesena (onye a gbazinyere)
|2010–11<ref name="Soccerway">{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/odion-jude-ighalo/20010/|title=O. Ighalo: Summary|work=Soccerway|publisher=DAZN Group|accessdate=27 February 2020}}</ref>
|Usoro A
|3
|0
|1
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|4
|0
|-
| rowspan="5" |Granada (onye a gbazinyere)
|2010–11<ref name="Soccerway" />
|Nkewa nke Abụọ
|21
|4
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|4
|1
|25
|5
|-
|2011–12<ref name="Soccerway" />
| rowspan="3" |[[La Liga|Njikọ ahụ]]
|30
|6
|1
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|31
|6
|-
|2012–13<ref name="Soccerway" />
|28
|5
|2
|1
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|30
|6
|-
|2013–14<ref name="Soccerway" />
|16
|2
|2
|2
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|18
|4
|-
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
!95
!17
!5
!3
! colspan="2" |-
! colspan="2" |-
!4
!1
!104
!21
|-
| rowspan="4" |Watford
|2014–15<ref name="Soccerway" />
|Mmeri
|35
|20
|1
|0
|2
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|38
|20
|-
|2015–16<ref name="Soccerway" />
| rowspan="2" |Njikọ Premier
|37
|15
|5
|2
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|42
|17
|-
|2016–17<ref name="Soccerway" />
|18
|1
|1
|0
|1
|1
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|20
|2
|-
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
!90
!37
!7
!2
!3
!1
! colspan="2" |-
! colspan="2" |-
!100
!40
|-
| rowspan="3" |Changchun Yatai
|2017<ref name="Soccerway" />
| rowspan="2" |Njikọ Super China
|27
|15
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|27
|15
|-
|2018<ref name="Soccerway" />
|28
|21
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|28
|21
|-
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
!55
!36
!0
!0
! colspan="2" |-
! colspan="2" |-
! colspan="2" |-
!55
!36
|-
|Shanghai Shenhua
|2019<ref name="Soccerway" />
|Njikọ Super China
|17
|10
|2
|0
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|19
|10
|-
| rowspan="3" |Manchester United (ụgwọ)
|2019–20
| rowspan="2" |Njikọ Premier
|11
|0
|3
|3
| colspan="2" | -
|5[e]
|2
| colspan="2" | -
|19
|5
|-
|2020–21
|1
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|1[f]
|0
| colspan="2" | -
|4
|0
|-
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
!12
!0
!3
!3
!2
!0
!6
!2
! colspan="2" |-
!23
!5
|-
| rowspan="3" |Al Shabab
|2020–21<ref name="Soccerway" />
| rowspan="2" |Saudi Pro League
|13
|9
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
|13
|9
|-
|2021–22
|18
|12
|1
|1
| colspan="2" | -
|0
|0
| colspan="2" | -
|19
|13
|-
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
!31
!21
!1
!1
! colspan="2" |-
!0
!0
!0
!0
!32
!22
|-
| rowspan="3" |Al-Hilal
|2021–22<ref name="Soccerway" />
| rowspan="2" |Saudi Pro League
|13
|12
|3
|2
| colspan="2" | -
|4[g]
|2
|2[h]
|1
|22
|17
|-
|2022–23<ref name="Soccerway" />
|27
|19
|4
|2
| colspan="2" | -
|3[g]
|5
|4[h]
|0
|38
|26
|-
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
!40
!31
!7
!4
! colspan="2" |-
!8
!7
!5
!1
!58
!42
|-
| rowspan="3" |Al-Wehda
|2023–24<ref name="Soccerway" />
| rowspan="2" |Saudi Pro League
|31
|15
|2
|1
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|1[i]
|0
|34
|16
|-
|2024–25<ref name="Soccerway" />
|32
|6
|2
|1
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" | -
|34
|7
|-
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
!63
!21
!4
!2
! colspan="2" |-
! colspan="2" |-
!1
!0
!68
!23
|-
! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile
!473
!204
!30
!15
!5
!1
!14
!9
!12
!3
!533
!232
|}
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles>
=== Mba Nile ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2015
|7
|2
|-
|2016
|5
|1
|-
|2017
|3
|1
|-
|2018
|10
|6
|-
|2019
|10
|6
|-
|2021
|1
|0
|-
|2022
|1
|0
|-
! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta
!37
!16
|}
''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of international goals scored by Odion Ighalo
! scope="col" |No.
! scope="col" |Date
! scope="col" |Venue
! scope="col" |Cap
! scope="col" |Opponent
! scope="col" |Score
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" |Competition
|-
| align="center" |1
|13 June 2015
|[[Ahmadu Bello Stadium|Ahmadu Bello]], Kaduna, Nigeria
| align="center" |3
| Chad
| align="center" |2–0
| align="center" |2–0
|2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
| align="center" |2
|11 October 2015
|Edmond Machtens, Brussels, Belgium
| align="center" |5
| Cameroon
| align="center" |3–0
| align="center" |3–0
|Friendly
|-
| align="center" |3
|31 May 2016
|Josy Barthel, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| align="center" |11
| Luxembourg
| align="center" |3–1
| align="center" |3–1
|Friendly
|-
| align="center" |4
|1 September 2017
|Godswill Akpabio, Uyo, Nigeria
| align="center" |13
| Cameroon
| align="center" |1–0
| align="center" |4–0
|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| align="center" |5
|8 September 2018
|Stade Linité, Victoria, Seychelles
| align="center" |23
| Seychelles
| align="center" |3–0
| align="center" |3–0
|2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
| align="center" |6
| rowspan="3" |13 October 2018
| rowspan="3" |[[Ahmadu Bello Stadium|Ahmadu Bello]], Kaduna, Nigeria
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |24
| rowspan="3" | Libya
| align="center" |1–0
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |4–0
| rowspan="3" |2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
| align="center" |7
| align="center" |2–0
|-
| align="center" |8
| align="center" |3–0
|-
| align="center" |9
| rowspan="2" |16 October 2018
| rowspan="2" |Taïeb Mhiri, Sfax, Tunisia
| rowspan="2" align="center" |25
| rowspan="2" | Libya
| align="center" |1–0
| rowspan="2" align="center" |3–2
| rowspan="2" |2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
| align="center" |10
| align="center" |3–2
|-
| align="center" |11
|22 March 2019
|Stephen Keshi, Asaba, Nigeria
| align="center" |26
| Seychelles
| align="center" |1–0
| align="center" |3–1
|2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
| align="center" |12
|22 June 2019
|Alexandria Stadium, Alexandria, Egypt
| align="center" |29
| Burundi
| align="center" |1–0
| align="center" |1–0
|2019 Africa Cup of Nations
|-
| align="center" |13
| rowspan="2" |6 July 2019
| rowspan="2" |Alexandria Stadium, Alexandria, Egypt
| rowspan="2" align="center" |32
| rowspan="2" | Cameroon
| align="center" |1–0
| rowspan="2" align="center" |3–2
| rowspan="2" |2019 Africa Cup of Nations
|-
| align="center" |14
| align="center" |2–2
|-
| align="center" |15
|14 July 2019
|International Stadium, Cairo, Egypt
| align="center" |34
| Algeria
| align="center" |1–1
| align="center" |1–2
|2019 Africa Cup of Nations
|-
| align="center" |16
|17 July 2019
|Al Salam Stadium, Cairo, Egypt
| align="center" |35
| Tunisia
| align="center" |1–0
| align="center" |1–0
|2019 Africa Cup of Nations
|}
== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Watford'''
* Onye nke abụọ na asọmpi bọọlụ: 2014-15<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Anderson|title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2015–2016|year=2015|publisher=Headline Publishing Group|location=London|isbn=978-1-4722-2416-3|pages=370–371}}</ref>
* Iko FA nke China: 2019<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sports.sina.com.cn/china/cfacup/2019-12-06/doc-iihnzhfz4146419.shtml|title=申花打破足协杯先主后客夺冠魔咒 并终结尴尬纪录|publisher=Sina Corp|date=6 December 2019|accessdate=6 December 2019|language=zh}}</ref>
* Saudi Pro League: 2021-222021–22
* Iko Eze: 2022-232022–23
* Onye nke abụọ na AFC Champions League: 2022<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2023/05/06/soccer/acl-final-urawa-alhilal-game2/|title=Urawa beats Al Hilal to capture third Asian Champions League title|publisher=The Japan Times|date=6 May 2023|accessdate=7 February 2024}}</ref>
* Onye nke abụọ na FIFA Club World Cup: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sharma|first=Rohan|date=11 January 2023|title=Real Madrid vs Al-Hilal 5–3: Club World Cup 2022 – as it happened|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/2/11/real-madrid-face-al-hilal-for-fifa-club-world-cup-title|accessdate=13 January 2023|work=Aljazeera|language=}}</ref>
* Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2019<ref name="ACN"/>
'''Onye ọ bụla'''
* Onye Egwuregwu nke Ọnwa nke Premier League: Disemba 2015<ref name="PremProfile">{{Cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/10957/Odion-Ighalo/overview|title=Odion Ighalo: Overview|publisher=Premier League|accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref>
* Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=640947323067891|title=The Total AFCON 2019 Best XI|publisher=Confédération Africaine de Football|date=20 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Eludini|first=Tunde|date=20 July 2013|title=AFCON 2019: Ighalo wins top scorer award, makes Best XI|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/341920-afcon-2019-ighalo-wins-top-scorer-award-makes-best-xi.html|accessdate=24 January 2023|work=[[Premium Times]]|language=}}</ref>
* Africa Cup of Nations Golden Boot: 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/odion-ighalo-wins-africa-cup-of-nations-golden-boot/18k43zxox856p15dy9llhoz1lm|title=Odion Ighalo wins Africa Cup of Nations Golden Boot|publisher=Goal|date=20 July 2019|accessdate=19 February 2020}}</ref>
* Onye egwuregwu Saudi Pro League nke ọnwa: Eprel & Mee 2021, Machị 2022 <ref>{{Cite web|title=كاريلي أفضل مدرب في أبريل ومايو.. وإيغالو وغروهي والنجعي ينتزعون النجومية|url=https://www.spl.com.sa/ar/node/3815|language=ar|accessdate=3 November 2021|archivedate=3 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603000404/https://www.spl.com.sa/ar/node/3815}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=سباق الاتحاد والهلال يقودهما إلى جوائز مارس|url=https://spl.sa/ar/news/4109|accessdate=2026-05-11|archivedate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227150519/https://spl.sa/ar/news/4109}}</ref>
* Saudi Pro League Team of the Year: 2021-22, 2022-23 <ref>{{Cite news|author=Oyebola|first=Mike|date=2022-07-15|title=Ighalo makes Saudi Pro League Team of the Season|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/07/15/ighalo-makes-saudi-pro-league-team-of-the-season/|accessdate=2023-01-03|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cazin.net/sport/nakon-sto-je-ostao-bez-titule-za-cristiana-ronalda-iz-saudijske-arabije-stigao-jos-jedan|title=Nakon što je ostao bez titule, za Cristiana Ronalda iz Saudijske Arabije stigao još jedan udarac|work=Cazin.net|date=2023-06-09|accessdate=2025-06-07}}</ref>
* Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Saudi Pro League: 2021-222021–22
== Edensibia ==
== Njikọ mpụga ==
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
92k3nukm26bgzgihwvokvk25939hbl4
Oladipupo Martins
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'''Oladipupo Olarotimi Martins''' (12 Eprel 1983 - 9 Ọgọst 2011) bụ [[Naijiria|Onye Naijiria]] na-agba bọọlụ nke ikpeazụ gbara bọọlụ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu na Mahadum Ado Ekiti, otu na-abụghị ọkachamara.
Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ihe a na-enyo enyo na ọ nwere nkụchi obi n'ụlọ ọgwụ Dorel Specialist, Ajah, Lagos na Mọnde, 8 Ọgọst 2011, mgbe a nabatara ya na ọ na-eme mkpesa maka ihe mgbu obi n'ụbọchị gara aga. Ọ dị afọ 28..<ref>Socqer.com. [http://socqer.com/questions/839/how-did-nigerias-obafemi-martins-brother-die/# How did Nigeria's Obafemi Martins' Brother Die?] Retrieved 10, August, 2011.</ref><ref>Vanguard. [http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/08/martins%E2%80%99-brother-dies-of-heart-problem/ Martins Brother Dies of Heart Problem] Retrieved 10, August, 2011.</ref>
== Ọrụ ==
Martins malitere ọrụ ya na Yuropu na otu egwuregwu Reggiana nke Itali tupu ọ dọta uche Inter Milan ngwa ngwa, bụ́ ndị o bịanyere aka na ha na 2001. N'adịghị ka nwanne ya nwoke, Martins emeghị nke ọma na Inter, a tọhapụrụ ya na njedebe nke oge 2001–02. Ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa mana n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ laghachiri Yuropu, oge a maka nnwale ya na otu egwuregwu Serbia FK Partizan. Ọrụ siri ike ya nwetara ụgwọ ọrụ, na 2003 ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọkachamara. Ohere ya na Partizan pere mpe, ọtụtụ ohere ya igwu egwu mechara bụrụ maka satịlaịtị FK Teleoptik..<ref>[http://www.sportowy365.net/pilka-nozna/gracze/oladipupo-martins/ Sportowy365]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. N'afọ 2004, a tọhapụrụ ya na nkwekọrịta ya wee laghachi [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ọzọ, n'oge a maka ogologo oge tupu ya emesịa banye n'òtù [[:de:Innsbrucker AC|Innsbrucker AC]] nke [[Austria|Austrian]] n'oge maka oge 2007-08 mgbe oge nnwale gasịrị wee sonye na Mahadum Ado Ekiti na Febụwarị 2009.<ref name="ph">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306070317/https://playerhistory.com/player/91912 Oladipupo Martins] on [[Playerhistory.com]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306070317/https://playerhistory.com/player/91912 |date=2016-03-06 }}</ref>
== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Martins bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu mba ụwa bụ [[Obafemi Martins]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/live/content.php?Item_ID=1648|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2009-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218105517/http://www.mtnfootball.com/live/content.php?Item_ID=1648|archivedate=2007-12-18}}</ref>
== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
ojq9mc25scf9afsq6z4ffi72d4tyvwe
Nomad
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'''''Nomad''''' bụ nchịkọta abụ uri [[Romeo Oriogun]] dere n'afọ 2020. Ọ bụ Griots Lounge Publishing bipụtara ya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nomad |url=https://web.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/bib/b23144487 |website=New York Public Library Research Catalog |access-date=8 June 2026 |accessdate=10 June 2026 |archivedate=10 June 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610201514/https://web.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/bib/b23144487 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Creative Writing Postdoc Fellow, Romeo Oriogun, has "Nomads", a new collection published from Nigerian Publisher, Griots' Lounge |url=https://engl.iastate.edu/2022/03/17/creative-writing-postdoc-fellow-romeo-oriogun-has-nomads-a-new-collection-published-from-nigerian-publisher-griots-lounge/ |website=Iowa State University Department of English |date=17 March 2022 |access-date=8 June 2026}}</ref>
Nchịkọta abụ a na-esochi njem gafee [[West Afrịka]], [[North Afrịka]], [[Europe]], na [[United States]]. Ọ na-enyocha ma mbugharị mmadụ n'anụ ahụ ma mmetụta nke ịdị anya n'ebe mmadụ si. Ndị nkatọ akwụkwọ achọpụtala na ọrụ ahụ na-atụle isiokwu ndị mere eme dịka ịgba ohu, [[Middle Passage]], mbugharị mmadụ n'ike, na ọchịchọ ịchọta ebe mmadụ ga-akpọ ụlọ n'ime ụwa nke oge a.<ref>{{cite web |title=Movement and Reclaiming Humanity from Historical Pain: A Review of Romeo Oriogun's Nomad |url=https://www.marokomag.com/post/movement-and-reclaiming-humanity-from-historical-pain-a-review-of-romeo-oriogun-s-nomad |website=Márọkọ́ Magazine |date=26 February 2024 |access-date=8 June 2026 |accessdate=10 June 2026 |archivedate=10 June 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610201519/https://marokomag.com/post/movement-and-reclaiming-humanity-from-historical-pain-a-review-of-romeo-oriogun-s-nomad }}</ref>
==Nnabata==
''Nomad'' nwetara nnukwu otito sitere n'aka ndị nkatọ akwụkwọ ma merie {{ill|Nigeria Prize for Literature|en}} nke afọ 2022, otu n'ime ihe nrite edemede kachasị mkpa na [[Afrika]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Romeo Oriogun's Nomad wins The Nigeria Prize for Literature 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/10/16/romeo-orioguns-nomad-wins-the-nigeria-prize-for-literature-2022/ |work=ThisDay |date=16 October 2022 |access-date=8 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Romeo Oriogun, Author of "Nomad" wins the 2022 Nigeria Prize for Literature |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/10/romeo-oriogun-nomad-wins-2022-nigerian-prize-for-literature/ |work=BellaNaija |date=16 October 2022 |access-date=8 June 2026}}</ref>
Ndị ikpe nyere Nigeria Prize for Literature kọwara nchịkọta a dịka "ọrụ kacha nwee nka n'usoro ide abụ uri" n'etiti ndị a họpụtara. Ha toro ụzọ Oriogun si jiri asụsụ juputara n'egwu na mmetụta kọwaa mbugharị mmadụ, ma kwuo na abụ uri iri isii na asaa (67) dị n'ime ya jikọtara ọnụ site n'isiokwu njem nke na-ejikọta ọdịnihu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Afrịka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Romeo Oriogun wins Nigeria Prize For Literature |url=https://writersworkshop.uiowa.edu/news/2022/10/romeo-oriogun-wins-nigeria-prize-literature |website=Iowa Writers' Workshop |date=15 October 2022 |access-date=8 June 2026}}</ref>
Mgbe Samuel Osaze na-enyocha nchịkọta ahụ, ọ kọwara ''Nomad'' dịka ọrụ bara ụba n'ihe oyiyi uche na ime ka ihe na-adịghị ndụ dị ka mmadụ. Ọ kpọrọ ihe pụrụ iche ụzọ Oriogun si jiri Ọzara Sahara mee ka ọ bụrụ onye akaebe nke mbugharị mmadụ, ahụhụ, na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ.<ref>{{cite web |title=If only the desert could talk: a review of NOMAD |url=https://nigeriancurrent.com/2022/10/18/if-only-the-desert-could-talk-a-review-of-nomad/ |website=Nigerian Current |date=18 October 2022 |access-date=8 June 2026}}</ref>
Emmanuel Esomnofu, mgbe ọ na-ede maka ''Márọkọ́ Magazine'', toro nchịkọta ahụ maka nyocha ya banyere mmegharị mmadụ, mbugharị mmadụ, na ncheta akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ rụrụ ụka na ''Nomad'' gbasapụtara isiokwu ndị Oriogun malitere nyocha n'ime nchịkọta ya gara aga, ''Sacrament of Bodies''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Movement and Reclaiming Humanity from Historical Pain: A Review of Romeo Oriogun's Nomad |url=https://www.marokomag.com/post/movement-and-reclaiming-humanity-from-historical-pain-a-review-of-romeo-oriogun-s-nomad |website=Márọkọ́ Magazine |date=26 February 2024 |access-date=8 June 2026 |accessdate=10 June 2026 |archivedate=10 June 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610201519/https://marokomag.com/post/movement-and-reclaiming-humanity-from-historical-pain-a-review-of-romeo-oriogun-s-nomad }}</ref>
==Ihe nrite==
* 2022 {{ill|Nigeria Prize for Literature|en}} (Abụ uri)<ref>{{cite news |title=Romeo Oriogun's Nomad wins The Nigeria Prize for Literature 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/10/16/romeo-orioguns-nomad-wins-the-nigeria-prize-for-literature-2022/ |work=ThisDay |date=16 October 2022}}</ref>
==Edensibia==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Akwụkwọ abụ uri nke 2022]]
[[Category:Nchịkọta abụ uri ndị Naịjirịa]]
[[Category:Abụ uri Afrịka]]
[[Category:Akwụkwọ Bekee]]
[[Category:Akwụkwọ nke 2022]]
[[Category:Edemede Naịjirịa]]
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Payson R. Stevens
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'''Payson R. Stevens''' (amụrụ na Machị 29, 1945) bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye edemede, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, onye na'eme ihe nkiri, na onye na-ekwu okwu sayensị si United States. A na-ewere Stevens dị ka onye na-ebute ụzọ na nkwurịta okwu sayensị na ngalaba nke usoro ụwa (ESS) na Mgbanwe ihu igwe na US. A makwaara ya dị ka onye mbụ na-ese ihe dijitalụ na nke elektrọnik, onye na-ese foto, na onye na-ede uri. Na mgbakwunye, a maara ya maka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ọrụ ebere ya na [[California]], US, na Himachal Pradesh, India.
== Ndụ onwe onye na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Payson R. Stevens na Dr. Naomi Miller Coval-Apel, onye dọkịta ezé a ma ama na New York, na Eric Stevens.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kay|first=Ernest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpErAQAAIAAJ&q=namoi+miller+coval|title=The Two Thousand Women of Achievement|date=1972|publisher=Melrose Press|isbn=978-0-900332-24-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2000-12-01|title=Paid Notice: Deaths COVAL, APEL, DR. NAOMI MILLER|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/01/classified/paid-notice-deaths-coval-apel-dr-naomi-miller.html|accessdate=2023-03-09}}</ref>
Stevens nwere nzụlite na nka, molecular biology, biological oceanography, na eserese eserese. O nwere BA na Mahadum New York. Ọ gụrụ molecular biology maka masters ya na Mahadum City nke New York site na 1965 ruo 1968. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Arts Students League na School of Visual Arts na New York City . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Chandok|first=Neha|date=2008-10-09|title=Payson Stevens to be honored by PCI for his work with My Himachal|url=https://hillpost.in/2008/10/payson-stevens-to-be-honored-by-pci-for-his-work-with-my-himachal/7055/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, Stevens rụchara ọrụ ụfọdụ na Scripps Institution of Oceanography, n'okpuru nduzi nke Roger Revelle.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Barton|first=Jenifer|date=2023|title=Branding the Earth: Selling Earth system science in the United States, 1983-1988|journal=Social Studies of Science|language=en|volume=53|issue=1|pages=49–80|doi=10.1177/03063127221122436|issn=0306-3127|pmid=36112799}}</ref>
Stevens is married to the Indian writer Kamla K. Kapur. They live in Del Mar, San Diego County, California.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bio - Kamla K. Kapur|url=https://www.kamlakkapur.com/bio/|work=kamlakkapur.com|date=8 November 2014|accessdate=3 July 2026|archivedate=3 July 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260703225347/https://www.kamlakkapur.com/bio/}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2021|title=Del Mar City Council Meeting Agenda, October 18, 2021 City Council Meeting, Information received after the council agenda was distributed.|url=https://www.delmar.ca.us/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_10182021-2848|work=delmar.ca.us}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.delmar.ca.us/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_10182021-2848 "Del Mar City Council Meeting Agenda, October 18, 2021 City Council Meeting, Information received after the council agenda was distributed"]. ''delmar.ca.us''. 2021.</cite></ref>
== Nkwurịta okwu sayensị ==
Stevens bụ onye ndụmọdụ naenye aka na akwụkwọ nkuzi kọleji Biology Today na Geology Today, nke CRM bipụtara na 1972 na 1973 n'otu n'otu.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=50 Watts: An Artist's Interpretation of a Flashback: Biology Today 3|url=https://50watts.com/filter/textbooks/An-Artist-s-Interpretation-of-a-Flashback-Biology-Today-3|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=50watts.com}}</ref> Stevens bụ onye edemede maka ihe ngosi 'Antarctica: Desert of Ice, Sea of Life', nke KPBS gosipụtara na Nọvemba 19, 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Antarctica: Desert of Ice, Sea of Life|url=https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-x639z91q27|work=americanarchive.org}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Antarctica: Desert of Ice, Sea of Live- KPBS documentary 1979 | date=8 April 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB8YAW6hpfs |access-date=2023-03-09 |language=en}}</ref> Ihe ngosi a meriri CINE Golden Eagle Award na 1980 Silver Award na US Industrial Film Festival. <ref>{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GhJbAAAAYAAJ&dq=Antarctica:+Desert+of+Ice,+See+of+Life&pg=RA15-PA31-IA13|title=Princeton Alumni Weekly|date=1983|publisher=Princeton University Press|language=en|chapter=Class Notes - 62, Jeff Kirsch}}</ref>
N'afọ 1979, Stevens guzobere ụlọ ọrụ InterNetwork Inc. (INI) 'iji nye ọrụ nkwurịta okwu nye òtù ndị chọrọ ịnye ozi sayensị nye ndị na-ege ntị na-eji mgbasa ozi dịgasị iche iche'.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Barton|first=Jenifer|date=2023|title=Branding the Earth: Selling Earth system science in the United States, 1983-1988|journal=Social Studies of Science|volume=53|issue=1|pages=57|doi=10.1177/03063127221122436|pmid=36112799}}</ref> N'afọ 1985, Kọmitii Sayensị Ụwa nke NASA gakwuuru Stevens maka enyemaka n'ịkpọtụrụ ndị na-abụghị ndị ọrụ, dị ka ndị bureaucrats, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ọha na eze, na ọzụzụ ESS na-amalite n'oge ahụ. Stevens na ụlọ ọrụ ya INI kwadebere ihe ESS na atụmatụ iji kwalite ha. Ụfọdụ n'ime isiokwu ESS Stevens / INI nyere aka mepụta ma gosipụta ihe ndị gụnyere mmeghe ESS, Mgbanwe ihu igwe, <ref>{{Cite book|author=NASA Advisory Council Earth System Sciences Committee|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5BVOAQAAIAAJ&q=+Payson+Stevens&pg=PA208|title=Earth System Science: A Program for Global Change|date=1986|publisher=NASA|language=en}}</ref> ọrụ mbara igwe maka data oceanographic, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InZNAQAAIAAJ&dq=payson+stevens&pg=PP24|title=Reports to the Nation on Our Changing Planet|date=1991|publisher=University Center for Atmospheric Research|language=en}}</ref> El Nino, <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_zhSAQAAMAAJ&q=payson+stevens|title=El Niño and Climate Prediction|date=1994|publisher=University Corporation for Atmospheric Research|language=en}}</ref> na Ozone layer.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fkvehJr0im4C&dq=payson+stevens&pg=PT2|title=Topex/Poseidon, a United States/France Mission: Oceanography from Space : the Oceans and Climate|date=1992|publisher=NASA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Albritton|first=Daniel L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VZfXJ0zVyIC&q=payson+stevens|title=Our Ozone Shield|date=1992|publisher=University Corporation for Atmospheric Research|language=en}}</ref> Usoro eji eme ihe na ihe ndị a na atụmatụ nkwalite na-ejikọkarị ya na ahịa ụlọ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Barton|first=Jenifer|date=2023|title=Branding the Earth: Selling Earth system science in the United States, 1983-1988|journal=Social Studies of Science|volume=53|issue=1|pages=56|doi=10.1177/03063127221122436|pmid=36112799}}</ref>
Ka e mesịrị na 1990s, InterNetwork Inc. ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ, nke a na-akpọ InterNetwork Media Inc. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=About InterNetwork Media|url=http://www.in-media.com/About.html|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=www.in-media.com}}</ref><ref name=":1"/>
Dịka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke sayensị bụ Jenifer Barton si kwuo, 'Ọrụ Payson Stevens nyere aka gbanwee ngwaahịa ESS na atụmatụ nkwukọrịta dị iche iche ka ọ bụrụ akara sayensị'.[1] Arụmụka ndị yiri ya gbasara mkpa ọrụ Stevens dị maka ESS pụtakwara na ajụjụ ọnụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị ụwa bụ Berrien Moore III (2011), nakwa na Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (2008).[2]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barton |first=Jenifer |date=2023 |title=Branding the Earth: Selling Earth system science in the United States, 1983-1988 |journal=Social Studies of Science |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=57|doi=10.1177/03063127221122436 |pmid=36112799 |pmc=9893296 |s2cid=252235142 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Berrien Moore III Oral History|url=https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/NASA_HQ/ESS/MooreB/MooreB_4-4-11.htm|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Wilson|first=W.S.|title=Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences|publisher=Academic Press|year=2008|editor=J.H. Steele, K. K. Turekian & S. A. Thorpe|edition=2nd|pages=70|chapter=Satellite oceanography, history, and introductory concepts}}</ref>
N'afọ 1989, Stevens gosipụtara ọrụ INI na 'Sundance Symposium on Global Climate Change' nke Robert Redford.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nc9UAAAAMAAJ&q=robert+redford+payson+stevens|title=Communication Art|publisher=Coyne & Blanchard|year=1990|isbn=978-0-9694432-0-9|location=California|pages=109|language=en}}</ref>
N'afọ 1990, Stevens kwuru Okwu TED banyere okpomọkụ ụwa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Alsop|first=Stewart|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzsEAAAAMBAJ&dq=TED+2+global+warming+1990&pg=PA106|title=Info World - the weekly for personal computing professionals|date=March 5, 1990|publisher=InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.|pages=106|language=en|chapter=Personal Computers Are Finally Becoming Good Enough for Art}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=TED2-1990 Warning on Global Warming by Payson R. Stevens | date=11 May 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBH-puCsdGk |access-date=2023-03-09 |language=en}}</ref>
N'afọ 1993, ụlọ ọrụ Stevens bụ INI natara onyinye John Wesley Powell site na United States Geological Survey . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/yb/1993fy/report.pdf|title=U.S. Geological Survey Yearbook - Fiscal Year 1993|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|year=1994|pages=94}}</ref>
N'afọ 1994, INI gara n'ihu nata onyinye onye isi ala maka imepụta ihe magburu onwe ya site n'aka onye isi ala Bill Clinton. <ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPcnAQAAIAAJ&q=payson+stevens|title=New Media|date=1994|publisher=HyperMedia Communications, Incorporated|language=en}}</ref>
== Nchekwa okike ==
Na ngwụcha afọ 1970, Stevens sonyere na mbọ ọha na eze na-agba iji nweta traktị ụfọdụ, nke a kara akara maka Igwu mmanụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Outer Continental Shelf dị nso na San Diego, California, ehichapụ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite book|author=United States Congress House Select Committee on the Outer Continental Shelf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8F7d3oUHcBgC&dq=san+diego+OCS+payson+r+stevens&pg=PA1019|title=O.C.S. Oversight of 1978 Amendments: Hearings Before the Select Committee on the Outer Continental Shelf, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, First Session, on Oversight on the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act Amendments of 1978|date=1979|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|language=en}}</ref>
north
Na afọ 2000, otu ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ́ 'Friends of GHNP' hiwere site n'aka Stevens na Sanjeeva Pandey, onye ọrụ Indian Forest Service, onye bụkwa onye nduzi nke Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP), nke dị na steeti Himachal Pradesh nke ugwu India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Friends of GHNP |url=https://greathimalayannationalpark.com/friends-of-ghnp/ |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=Great Himalayan National Park |language=en-US |accessdate=2026-08-18 |archivedate=2026-08-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260820030108/https://greathimalayannationalpark.com/friends-of-ghnp/ }}</ref> Stevens bụ onye isi na Friends of GHNP, bụ́ ndị chịkọtara akwụkwọ nhọpụta ahụ ma duzie ngwa maka ọkwa UNESCO World Heritage Site maka Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP) na Himachal Pradesh, India.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1406rev.pdf |title=The Republic of India's Nomination of the Great Himalayan National Park for Inscription on the World Heritage List |year=2011 |page=160}}</ref> Na June 2014, GHNP ghọrọ Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa nke UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soofi |first=Mayank Austen |date=2014-07-26 |title=Himalayas {{!}} How green is my valley |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/XaY2EEnfNyJCezgCEMTF7M/Himalayas--How-green-is-my-valley.html |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=2014-06-23 |title=Himachal park gets Unesco's heritage tag |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/himachal-park-gets-unesco-s-heritage-tag-114062300849_1.html |access-date=2023-03-07}}</ref>
5aKemgbe 2021, Stevens etinyela aka na mbọ ọha na eze na-agba iji chebe ugwu na osimiri dị na Del Mar, California, n'akụkụ [[Òrìmìlì Pacific|Oké Osimiri Pacific]].<ref name=":3"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=Concerned Citizens of Del Mar and Coastal Bluff Conservancy, Del Mar|date=2021|title=Protect and Preserve Del Mar Bluffs and Beach|url=https://sciencereport.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/DEL+MAR+BLUFFS+IMPACTS+-+Viz+n+Sience+Report+8Nov2021-v2+Final+Submission.pdf|work=sciencereport}}</ref>
== Ọrụ enyemaka ==
Stevens bụ onye otu ntọala na onye ndụmọdụ bọọdụ nke otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGO) 'My Himachal', nke e guzobere na 2006. NGO a zụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ime obodo dị ka ndị ọrụ nlekọta ahụike, hazie ihe ngosi ahụike njem, ma guzobe obere ego agụmakwụkwọ, niile n'akụkụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Himachal Pradesh, India.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 2010 |editor-last=Fox |editor-first=Marjorie |editor2-last=Hays |editor2-first=Steve |editor3-last=Cohen |editor3-first=David S. |title=Payson Stevens: on India, Our Environment, and Art |url=https://energylandscapes.com/wp-content/themes/energylandscapes/pdf/PRS%20TLC-cover-FEB10-final.pdf |journal=The Life Connection |pages=33–36}}</ref> Maka ọrụ a, Project Concern International nyere Stevens nsọpụrụ na 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghuman |first=Jagmeet Y. |date=October 15, 2008 |title=Environmentalist to be honoured in US |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081015/himplus1.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Payson Stevens on doordarshan_all.mp4 | date=26 April 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Brz5a2cwK4 |access-date=2023-03-09 |language=en}}</ref>
== Ihe osise ==
* N'afọ ndị 1960, Stevens bụ akụkụ nke Bread and Puppet Theatre na New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2006-10-11|title=Nicholas Roerich's 132nd birth anniversary|url=https://hillpost.in/2006/10/nicholas-roerich’s-132nd-birth-anniversary/758/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}</ref>
* N'afọ 1983, e gosipụtara ihe osise kọmputa ya nke akpọrọ 'Entropy' na SIGGRAPH 1983: Art Show na Detroit, Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brad de Graf, Payson Stevens: Entropy – ACM SIGGRAPH ART SHOW ARCHIVES|url=https://digitalartarchive.siggraph.org/artwork/brad-de-graf-payson-stevens-entropy/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=digitalartarchive.siggraph.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SIGGRAPH 1983: Art Show – ACM SIGGRAPH ART SHOW ARCHIVES|url=https://digitalartarchive.siggraph.org/exhibition/siggraph-1983-art-show/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=digitalartarchive.siggraph.org}}</ref>
* N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2006, Roerich Memorial Museum and Art Gallery na Naggar, India, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ihe osise Stevens, nke akpọrọ 'Flux and Flow'. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Development Report of International Roerich Memorial Trust from 01.01.2002 till 08.09.2012 - by Alena Adamkova|url=https://lebendige-ethik.net/index.php/english/45-report-irmt-adamkova/327-adamkova-1-copy|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=lebendige-ethik.net}}</ref>
* N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2007, e gosipụtara ihe osise Stevens na nke Lotte Koch na Nele von Mengerhausen na ngosi 'Alles im Fluss', na Tannerhof na Bayerischzell, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007|title=Veranstaltungskalender Kultur und Brauchtum|url=https://www.kulturvision-aktuell.de/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/kulturbegegnungen07.pdf|work=kulturvision-aktuell.de}}</ref>
* N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2007, ụlọ ngosi nka gọọmentị na ụlọ ngosi nka dị na Chandigarh, India, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ihe osise Stevens, nke akpọrọ 'Energy Flows'. Ihe osise ndị ahụ dabeere na isiokwu nke ike nke mmiri na-asọ, na mmụba nke mkpụrụ obi mmadụ site na ndụ na ọnwụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2007-10-10|title=Payson Stevens exhibition at Chandigarh Museum and Art Gallery|url=https://hillpost.in/2007/10/payson-stevens-exhibition-at-chandigarh-museum-and-art-gallery/3222/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}</ref>
* N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2008, Doordarshan, onye mgbasa ozi ọha na eze nke India, gosipụtara nka na ndụ Steven na Himalayas nke India, na ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi akpọrọ 'Energy Landscapes - The Art of Payson R. Stevens'.
* N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2009, na San Diego Museum of Art na California, Stevens kwuru okwu ma gosipụta ihe ngosi o mere na ebe obibi ndị mọnk Tabo oge ochie na Ndagwurugwu Spiti, India, ebe ya na nwunye ya tọrọ atọ izu abụọ n'ihi snow mberede na Septemba afọ 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2009-01-20|title=Payson Stevens talk at San Diego Museum of Art|url=https://hillpost.in/2009/01/payson-stevens-of-my-himachal-to-talk-in-san-diego-museum-of-art/9804/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Na Septemba 2009, American Center nke US Embassy na New Delhi, India, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ihe osise Stevens, nke akpọrọ 'Dark Forest/Ghana Jungle'. Ihe osise ndị ahụ dabeere na echiche ya banyere ike na-agafe n'oké ọhịa gbara ọchịchịrị.<ref>{{Citation |title=Dark forest_painting exhibition by artist Payson.R.Stevens | date=12 January 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Awl2x7N9Fno |access-date=2023-03-08 |language=en}}</ref>
* Na Febụwarị 2010, Southwestern College Art Gallery na Chula Vista, California, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ọrụ nka Stevens site na 1970s gaa n'ihu, nke akpọrọ 'Energy Landscapes'. Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara ihe osise Stevens, ihe osise, ihe osisa kọmputa, akwụkwọ na posters, na ọrụ ya site na InterActive Media.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2010-01-17|title=Energy Landscapes - The Art of Payson R. Stevens: A My Himachal Fund Raiser|url=https://hillpost.in/2010/01/energy-landscapes-the-art-of-payson-r-stevens-a-my-himachal-fund-raiser/18104/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}</ref>
* N'afọ 2015, uri vidio Stevens 'Ajanta: Small Universe' bụ nhọrọ gọọmentị na Delhi International Film Festival, India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spiritual Messages-I : Ajanta: Small Universe|url=https://filmfreeway.com/434537|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=FilmFreeway|language=en}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e gosipụtara uri vidio ya 'Entropic Void' na movingpoems.com.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bonta|first=Dave|date=2015-06-22|title=Entropic Void by Payson R. Stevens|url=https://movingpoems.com/2015/06/entropic-void-by-payson-r-stevens/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=Moving Poems|language=en-US}}</ref>
* N'afọ 2015 na 2016, Stevens gosipụtara uri vidio ya na San Diego Museum of Art, California. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015|title=Messages from India|url=https://filmfreeway-production-storage-01.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/attachments/files/001/359/599/original/SDMA_PRS_Talk_March_2015.png?X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Date=20230307T202528Z&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2CLUDU3Q532SSOBJ/20230307/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=0e768b826dd15969a7984d3e2b0d98b3da12443dbfa86fd0568ab6dfd0e03782|work=filmfreeway|accessdate=2026-07-03|archivedate=2023-03-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307203624/https://filmfreeway-production-storage-01.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/attachments/files/001/359/599/original/SDMA_PRS_Talk_March_2015.png?X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Date=20230307T202528Z&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2CLUDU3Q532SSOBJ/20230307/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=0e768b826dd15969a7984d3e2b0d98b3da12443dbfa86fd0568ab6dfd0e03782}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Visions of Sacred India|url=https://filmfreeway-production-storage-01.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/attachments/files/001/359/644/original/PRS_VTPs_SDMA_eVite_19_March_2016.png?X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Date=20230307T202528Z&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2CLUDU3Q532SSOBJ/20230307/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=826289294223cb07f17159322b14005591102b54d6f84edb396ede9dafbb3006|work=filmfreeway}}</ref>
* N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2016, e gosipụtara uri vidio Stevens 'Divine Spell' na London International Short Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-20|title=London International Short Film Festival 2016|url=https://bermondseysquare.net/short-film-festival/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=Bermondsey Square|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* N'afọ 2017, abụ vidio anọ nke Stevens pụtara na ''Atticus Review''.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mullins|first=Matt|date=2017-09-22|title=Four from Payson Stevens|url=https://atticusreview.org/four-payson-stevens/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Atticus Review|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Akwụkwọ ==
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Usoro igwu egwu OCS: San Diego na-emechi ọkwa. Oceans, 4, peeji nke 57-60.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Akụkọ ndụ na ịkụ azụ nke Pacific whiting, Merluccius productus''. Northwest na Alaska Fisheries Centre.
* Bernstein, R.L. na Stevens, P.R., 1986. Mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ nke oké osimiri. ''Sayensị mbara igwe na ngwa: Ọganihu na ikike (A 87-30876 12-12).'' New York, IEEE Press, peeji nke 123-131.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ịnakwere Ụwa: Echiche ọhụrụ nke mbara ala anyị na-agbanwe agbanwe.'' San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
* Stevens, P.R. na Steinmetz, S., 2002. ''Meshuggenary: Ime emume ụwa nke Yiddish''. Simon na Schuster.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ị nọ n'Ụwa''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ụwa Dị n'Ime'' Gị. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
== Edensibịa ==
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
<references />
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stevens, Payson R.}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American poets]]
[[Category:American environmentalists]]
[[Category:Scripps Institution of Oceanography alumni]]
[[Category:City University of New York alumni]]
[[Category:Science communication award winners]]
[[Category:Artists from San Diego]]
[[Category:Yiddish culture in the United States]]
[[Category:People from Del Mar, California]]
[[Category:Painters from California]]
[[Category:People from San Diego County, California]]
[[Category:American environmental scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century American earth scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century American earth scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American oceanographers]]
[[Category:21st-century American illustrators]]
[[Category:20th-century American illustrators]]
[[Category:American male poets]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American male painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American male painters]]
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Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Royalesignature
3
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DolphybBot
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Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! (bot)
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{{Nnọọ|username=Royalesignature|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 12:01, 30 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)}}
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Essence International School
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79242
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2026-08-30T17:41:43Z
Chidera chikezie
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Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369195268|Essence International School]]"
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'''Ụlọ akwukwọ mba nile nke essence'''('''EIS''') bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mba ụwa dị na [[Kaduna]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] .
Ọ dị na Kashim Ibrahim nso n'okporo ụzọ Sultan, Ungwan Rimi Kaduna. E hiwere ya na 1982. Ọ na-eje ozi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara, ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta ahụhụ, praịmarị, na sekọndrị.
== Edensibia ==
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Ihe mberede ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Toukh
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NiferO
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Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367236650|Toukh train accident]]"
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N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2021, ụgbọ okporo ígwè kwụsịrị n'obodo Toukh dị na Qalyubiyya Governorate, Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/18/africa/egypt-train-derailment-intl/index.html|title=At least 11 killed, 98 injured in Egypt as train derails|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=18 April 2021|accessdate=19 April 2021|archivedate=19 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419005336/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/18/africa/egypt-train-derailment-intl/index.html}}</ref> Ihe mberede ahụ gburu mmadụ iri abụọ na atọ ma merụọ mmadụ iri atọ na itoolu ọzọ ahụ, na-ejide ọtụtụ n'ime ụgbọ ala ndị dara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-crash-idUSKBN2C731S|title=Egypt: 11 dead, 98 injured after train derails near Cairo|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=20 April 2021|accessdate=22 April 2021|archivedate=15 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615150253/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/egypts-sunday-train-accident-killed-23-says-public-prosecutor-2021-04-20/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 April 2021|title=Eleven dead, 98 injured after train derails in Egypt|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/several-people-hurt-after-train-derails-egypt-2021-04-18/|publisher=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=18 April 2021|archivedate=18 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418134344/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/several-people-hurt-after-train-derails-egypt-2021-04-18/}}</ref> Ọ bụ nnukwu ihe mberede ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke atọ e dekọrọ n'ihe na-erughị otu ọnwa. N'ịtụle ihe jikọrọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na ọdachi na Ijipt, ndị ọkàiwu tara ndị ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụta maka ileghara ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ anya na enweghị nchịkwa nke mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_egypt-least-11-killed-about-100-injured-train-crash-north-cairo/6204745.html|title=Egypt: At Least 11 Killed, About 100 Injured in Train Crash North of Cairo|accessdate=10 April 2021|publisher=Voice of America|archivedate=18 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418195326/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/egypt-least-11-killed-about-100-injured-train-crash-north-cairo}}</ref>
== Nnyocha ==
Nnyocha mbụ kwuru na ihe ahụ mere bụ n'ihi ọsọ nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè Toukh, nke na-aga na 120 km / h na mgbatị a na-emeghị maka ọsọ karịrị 30 km / h.<ref>{{Cite web|author=القاهرة|first=اليوم-|date=2021-04-18|title=قطار طوخ.. التحقيقات الأولية تكشف سبب الحادث وسر"صوت الانفجار "|url=https://www.alyaum.com/articles/6318723/القارات-السبع/قطار-طوخ-التحقيقات-الأولية-تكشف-سبب-الحادث-وسرصوت-الانفجار-|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=alyaum|language=Arabic|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418182620/https://www.alyaum.com/articles/6318709/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%84-543-%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7}}</ref> E jidere onye ọkwọ ụgbọ oloko ahụ, onye na-enyere onye ọkwọ ụgbọala aka, na ndị ọrụ niile nke akara na ụlọ elu dị n'ebe ihe mberede ahụ mere, E jidere ha dịka akụkụ nke nnyocha ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=السلطات المصرية تحقق مع طاقم قطار طوخ وعمال الإشارات|url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1430825-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B8-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%82-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%AE-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%95%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=سكاي نيوز عربية|language=ar}}</ref>
== Nzaghachi ==
Onye isi ala Abdel Fattah Sisi nyere Praịm Minista Mostafa Madbouly ọrụ ịmepụta kọmitii, nke ndị otu nchịkwa nchịkwa, ndị agha injinia, na kọleji teknụzụ ndị agha, iji chọpụta ihe kpatara ihe mberede ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=السيسي يكلف الحكومة بالتحقيق في أسباب حادث قطار طوخ|url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1430777-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=سكاي نيوز عربية|language=ar|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418181610/https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1430777-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1}}</ref> Minista na-ahụ maka njem, Kamel Al -Wazir, gara ebe ihe mberede ahụ mere, wee kwuo na a ga-aza ajụjụ maka ndị kpatara ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=وزير النقل المصري يتعهد بمحاسبة المتسببين في حادث قطار طوخ|url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1430775-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%AE|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=سكاي نيوز عربية|language=ar|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418180832/https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1430775-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%AE}}</ref> Ministri ahụike zigara ụgbọ ala mberede iri ise na asatọ n'ebe ahụ iji buru ndị merụrụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-18|title=الصحة: إصابة 97 مواطنًا في حادث قطار طوخ - بوابة الأهرام|url=https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/2695377.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418134158/https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/2695377.aspx|archivedate=2021-04-18|accessdate=2021-05-20}}</ref> A chụrụ Ashraf Raslan, onye isi nke ndị isi ụgbọ okporo ígwè Ijipt, n'ọrụ mgbe ihe ahụ mere. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Egypt Fires Top Railway Official after Deadly Train Crashes|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_egypt-fires-top-railway-official-after-deadly-train-crashes/6204902.html|accessdate=2021-05-21|work=Voice of America|language=en|archivedate=2021-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521190639/https://www.voanews.com/africa/egypt-fires-top-railway-official-after-deadly-train-crashes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=Egypt's Railways Chief Fired In Wake of Fatal Train Accident|url=https://themedialine.org/headlines/egypts-railways-chief-fired-in-wake-of-fatal-train-accident/|accessdate=2021-05-21|work=The Media Line|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521113013/https://themedialine.org/headlines/egypts-railways-chief-fired-in-wake-of-fatal-train-accident/}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Ihe mberede ụgbọ okporo ígwè Sohag, ihe mberede ụgbọ oloko ọzọ nke mere n'Ijipt izu atọ gara aga
* Ndepụta ihe mberede ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Egypt
== Edensibia ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {{Railway accidents in Egypt}}{{Railway accidents and incidents in 2021}}
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NiferO
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N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2021, ụgbọ okporo ígwè kwụsịrị n'obodo Toukh dị na Qalyubiyya Governorate, Ijipt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/18/africa/egypt-train-derailment-intl/index.html|title=At least 11 killed, 98 injured in Egypt as train derails|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=18 April 2021|accessdate=19 April 2021|archivedate=19 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419005336/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/18/africa/egypt-train-derailment-intl/index.html}}</ref> Ihe mberede ahụ gburu mmadụ iri abụọ na atọ ma merụọ mmadụ iri atọ na itoolu ọzọ ahụ, na-ejide ọtụtụ n'ime ụgbọ ala ndị dara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-crash-idUSKBN2C731S|title=Egypt: 11 dead, 98 injured after train derails near Cairo|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=20 April 2021|accessdate=22 April 2021|archivedate=15 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615150253/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/egypts-sunday-train-accident-killed-23-says-public-prosecutor-2021-04-20/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 April 2021|title=Eleven dead, 98 injured after train derails in Egypt|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/several-people-hurt-after-train-derails-egypt-2021-04-18/|publisher=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=18 April 2021|archivedate=18 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418134344/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/several-people-hurt-after-train-derails-egypt-2021-04-18/}}</ref> Ọ bụ nnukwu ihe mberede ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke atọ e dekọrọ n'ihe na-erughị otu ọnwa. N'ịtụle ihe jikọrọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na ọdachi na Ijipt, ndị ọkàiwu tara ndị ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụta maka ileghara ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ anya na enweghị nchịkwa nke mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_egypt-least-11-killed-about-100-injured-train-crash-north-cairo/6204745.html|title=Egypt: At Least 11 Killed, About 100 Injured in Train Crash North of Cairo|accessdate=10 April 2021|publisher=Voice of America|archivedate=18 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418195326/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/egypt-least-11-killed-about-100-injured-train-crash-north-cairo}}</ref>
== Nnyocha ==
Nnyocha mbụ kwuru na ihe ahụ mere bụ n'ihi ọsọ nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè Toukh, nke na-aga na 120 km / h na mgbatị a na-emeghị maka ọsọ karịrị 30 km / h.<ref>{{Cite web|author=القاهرة|first=اليوم-|date=2021-04-18|title=قطار طوخ.. التحقيقات الأولية تكشف سبب الحادث وسر"صوت الانفجار "|url=https://www.alyaum.com/articles/6318723/القارات-السبع/قطار-طوخ-التحقيقات-الأولية-تكشف-سبب-الحادث-وسرصوت-الانفجار-|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=alyaum|language=Arabic|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418182620/https://www.alyaum.com/articles/6318709/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%84-543-%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7}}</ref> E jidere onye ọkwọ ụgbọ oloko ahụ, onye na-enyere onye ọkwọ ụgbọala aka, na ndị ọrụ niile nke akara na ụlọ elu dị n'ebe ihe mberede ahụ mere, E jidere ha dịka akụkụ nke nnyocha ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=السلطات المصرية تحقق مع طاقم قطار طوخ وعمال الإشارات|url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1430825-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B8-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%82-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%AE-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%95%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=سكاي نيوز عربية|language=ar}}</ref>
== Nzaghachi ==
Onye isi ala Abdel Fattah Sisi nyere Praịm Minista Mostafa Madbouly ọrụ ịmepụta kọmitii, nke ndị otu nchịkwa nchịkwa, ndị agha injinia, na kọleji teknụzụ ndị agha, iji chọpụta ihe kpatara ihe mberede ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=السيسي يكلف الحكومة بالتحقيق في أسباب حادث قطار طوخ|url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1430777-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=سكاي نيوز عربية|language=ar|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418181610/https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1430777-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1}}</ref> Minista na-ahụ maka njem, Kamel Al -Wazir, gara ebe ihe mberede ahụ mere, wee kwuo na a ga-aza ajụjụ maka ndị kpatara ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=وزير النقل المصري يتعهد بمحاسبة المتسببين في حادث قطار طوخ|url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1430775-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%AE|accessdate=2021-05-20|work=سكاي نيوز عربية|language=ar|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418180832/https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1430775-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%AE}}</ref> Ministri ahụike zigara ụgbọ ala mberede iri ise na asatọ n'ebe ahụ iji buru ndị merụrụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-18|title=الصحة: إصابة 97 مواطنًا في حادث قطار طوخ - بوابة الأهرام|url=https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/2695377.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418134158/https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/2695377.aspx|archivedate=2021-04-18|accessdate=2021-05-20}}</ref> A chụrụ Ashraf Raslan, onye isi nke ndị isi ụgbọ okporo ígwè Ijipt, n'ọrụ mgbe ihe ahụ mere. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Egypt Fires Top Railway Official after Deadly Train Crashes|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_egypt-fires-top-railway-official-after-deadly-train-crashes/6204902.html|accessdate=2021-05-21|work=Voice of America|language=en|archivedate=2021-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521190639/https://www.voanews.com/africa/egypt-fires-top-railway-official-after-deadly-train-crashes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=Egypt's Railways Chief Fired In Wake of Fatal Train Accident|url=https://themedialine.org/headlines/egypts-railways-chief-fired-in-wake-of-fatal-train-accident/|accessdate=2021-05-21|work=The Media Line|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521113013/https://themedialine.org/headlines/egypts-railways-chief-fired-in-wake-of-fatal-train-accident/}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Ihe mberede ụgbọ okporo ígwè Sohag, ihe mberede ụgbọ oloko ọzọ nke mere n'Ijipt izu atọ gara aga
* Ndepụta ihe mberede ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Ijipt.
== Edensibia ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {{Railway accidents in Egypt}}{{Railway accidents and incidents in 2021}}
5pa4048c8m4yn9a4snnvvhdrzy0y1uh
Ụnwụ nri Sudan na 1993
0
79244
708716
2026-08-31T00:22:16Z
NiferO
20385
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353820035|1993 Sudan famine]]"
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N'afọ 1993, ụnwụ nri dara na Sudan n'etiti ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Agha Obodo Sudan nke Abụọ nke na-aga n'ihu n'oge ahụ.
== Ihe si na ya pụta ==
Na Kongor, ụnwụ nri ahụ gburu 20,000 ma mee ka mmadụ 100,000 hapụ mpaghara ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-04-10-mn-21325-story.html|title=A 'Silent' Famine Spreads Death in Southern Sudan : Africa: Bitter civil war, homelessness and disease in the remote area bring misery rivaling that of Somalia. - Los Angeles Times|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=10 April 1993}} </ref>
== Udele na obere nwa agbọghọ ==
Ụnwụ nri a bụ isiokwu nke foto Pulitzer Prize-winning The Vulture and the Little Girl nke onye nta akụkọ foto South Africa bụ [[Kevin Carter]]. Carter nwụrụ site na igbu onwe ya n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe enyere ya ihe nrite ahụ, ikekwe n'ihi mkpasasị uche site n'ịhụ mmetụta nke ụnwụ nri mbụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1993/04/21/a-harvest-of-death-famine-stalks-sudan-civil-war-brings-nightmare-for-millions/|title=A harvest of death: Famine stalks Sudan Civil war brings 'nightmare' for millions|publisher=|accessdate=2017-08-29|archivedate=2018-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920174918/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-04-21/news/1993111111_1_southern-sudan-civil-war-happening-in-sudan}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Ụnwụ nri nke 1988 na Sudan
* Ụnwụ nri Sudan na 1998
* Enweghị nri na ụnwụ nri na South Sudan
== Ebe e si nweta ya ==
* [https://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/sudan/ Human Rights Watch: Mbibi nke Ndị Obodo - Mmetụta ọjọọ site n'aka Ndị Agha Nile na Southern Sudan]
== Edensibia ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
2a9pvh5obrm5v2djs7bsso1rbl3kdw5
Ụnwụ nri n'Etiopia
0
79245
708717
2026-08-31T00:32:09Z
NiferO
20385
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354119470|Famines in Ethiopia]]"
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<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />Ụnwụ nri na Etiopia emeela site n'oge ruo n'oge n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke [[Ethiopia|mba ahụ]].
Akụnụba ahụ dabere na ọrụ ugbo e ji ebi ndụ, yana ndị ọgaranya nke riri ihe fọdụrụ. N'ihi ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya, ndị ọrụ ugbo enweghị ihe mkpali iji melite mmepụta ma ọ bụ ịchekwa ihe ubi ha gabigara ókè; n'ihi ya, ha biri ndụ site na owuwe ihe ubi ruo na owuwe ihe ubi. N'agbanyeghị nnukwu mmezi na mgbanwe ala na mba ahụ n'ime afọ 120 gara aga, karịsịa n'oge Eze Ukwu Haile Selassie, dịka ọ dị na 2016, ihe dị ka 80% nke ndị bi na ya bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo dara ogbenye bụ ndị ka na-ebi site na owuwe ihe ubi ruo na owuwe ihe ubi ma nwee ike ịda ada na ihe ubi. .<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ethiopia's drought: On the edge of disaster: The government's achievements appear increasingly precarious|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21693624-governments-achievements-appear-increasingly-precarious-edge|accessdate=15 March 2016|work=[[The Economist]]|date=27 Feb 2016}}</ref>
== Ndepụta ụnwụ nri ==
{| class="wikitable"
! width="15%" |Year
!Main region affected
! width="85%" |Description
|-
|First half of 9th century
|
|Followed by epidemic.
|-
|1272
|Harar
|Massive loss of life including aristocrats of the Sultanate of Shewa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Yohannes|first=Gebre Selassie|title=Plague as a Possible Factor for the Decline and Collapse of the Aksumite Empire: a New Interpretation|publisher=Mekelle University|url=http://www.ityopis.org/Issues-1_files/ITYOPIS-I-Gebre-Selassi.pdf}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1535
|Tigray (famine and epidemic)
|As described in the ''Futuh al-Habasha'', this famine happened during the Ethiopian–Adal War and took a heavy toll on Imam Ahmad Gragn's army: "When they entered Tigray each Muslim had fifty mules; some of them even one-hundred. When they left, each one of them had only one or two mules.": 367 Amongst the dead was the Imam's young son Ahmad al-Nagasi.<ref name=":0" />: 373
|-
|1540
|
|Contemporary accounts, collected by Richard Pankhurst, describe this famine as "worse than that which occurred at the time of the destruction of the Second Temple."<ref name=":1" />
|-
|1543
|
|Pankhurst provides no details.
|-
|1567–1570
|Harar
|The famine was accompanied with plague and Oromo expansion.<br /><br />
It saw the death of Nur ibn Mujahid, Emir of Harar, by typhus: as J. Spencer Trimingham describes, Emir Nur "exerted every effort to help his people to recover, but after every respite the Oromo would again descend like locusts and scourge the country, and Nur himself died (975/1567–8) of the pestilence which spread during the famine."
|-
|1611
|
|The heavy rains that fell this year and extreme cold caused extensive crop failures in the northern provinces.<br /><br />
Occurring under the reign of Emperor Susenyos I, the plague was referred to as ''manan tita'' (literally 'whom did it leave?'). Many people died, particularly in the province of Dembiya.: 52–3
|-
|1625–c. 1627
|
|Accounted by both Ethiopians and Portuguese Jesuits—including Jerome Lobo, Afonso Mendes, Gaspar Pais, Thomas Barneto, and Manoel de Almeida—this famine lasted for several years and was said to have been caused by unusually large swarms of locusts. The Jesuits also took this opportunity to convert famine victims to Catholicism.<ref name=":3" />: 54–62
|-
|1634–35
|Tigray
|This famine fell under the reign of Emperor Fasilides, as accounted by Emperor Zara Yaqob and philosopher Walda Heywet (supposedly) and by Jesuits Manoel de Almeida and Diego de Mattos.<br /><br />
It is said that an epidemic of ''kantara'' or ''fangul'' (cholera) afflicted Dembiya, which then spread into Tigray.<ref name=":3" />: 63
|-
|1650
|
|Pankhurst provides no details<ref name=":2" />
|-
|1653
|
|Epidemic of ''kabab''.<ref name=":2" />
|-
|1678
|
|Cost of grain inflated; this led to the death of many mules, horses, and donkeys.
|-
|1700
|
|This may have been the famine that struck Shewa between the reigns of Negasi Krestos and Sebastyanos, as mentioned by Donald N. Levine.: 32
|-
|1702
|
|Starving peasants were said to have appealed to Emperor Iyasu I at Gondar, insisting that if he did not feed them, they would die. In response, the Emperor and his nobles fed an uncountable number of the destitute for two months. The Emperor reportedly extended his charity to all those in need, whether they be a Jew, "disloyal or a murderer."
|-
|1747–48
|
|This famine is attributed to locusts. There was also an epidemic of fever (''gunfan''), possibly influenza, in 1747.
|-
|1752
|
|According to Pankhurst.<ref name=":2" /> A European visitor to Gondar, [[Remedius Prutky]], is silent about this disaster.
|-
|1783
|
|This famine is referred to as ''həmame'' ('my sickness') in ''The Royal Chronicle of Abyssinia''.<ref name=":4" />
|-
|1789
|
|According to Herbert Weld Blundell, "there was a famine over all the provinces."<ref name=":4" /><br /><br />
''Dejazmach'' [[Hailu Eshte]], who was then living in Este, settled many "needy people" in his villages as guards. "And hearing of this report... many commanders who acted as he did adopted his example for themselves."<ref name=":4" />: 411
|-
|1796
|
|This famine was particularly serious in Gondar, and blamed on an infestation of locusts.<ref name=":2" />
|-
|1797
|
|From the ''Royal Chronicle''<ref name=":4" />
|-
|1800
|
|Soldiers died on campaign due to famine.<ref name=":2" />
|-
|1829
|Shewa
|This famine was followed by a cholera outbreak in 1830–31. Sengwer folklore has it that, the land "became dry and there was great hunger. The Siger went away to the east to Moru Eris, where most of them died of heat and starvation."
|-
|1835
|Shewa
|Rains failed, leading to famine and "great mortality".
|-
|1880–81
|
|A cattle plague in 1879 spread from the Adal region, causing famine as far west as Begemder.
|-
|1888–92
|
|The African rinderpest epizootic of the 1890s, introduced from Indian cattle brought by the Italians for their campaign against Somalia, killed approximately 90% of cattle.<br /><br />Lack of rainfall from as early as 16 November 1888 led to famine in all but southernmost provinces; locusts and caterpillar infestations destroy crops in Akele Guzay, Begemder, Shewa, and around Harar. Conditions worsened with a typhus epidemic, a major smallpox epidemic (1889–90), and cholera outbreaks (1889–92), forcing the coronation of Menelik II to be a subdued event. Various cases of cannibalism were reported, including of a man who killed and consumed his wife and of mothers who ate their children.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Pankhurst|first=Richard|title=The History of Famine and Epidemics in Ethiopia Prior to the Twentieth Century|date=1985|publisher=Relief / Rehabilitation Commission|location=Addis Ababa|pages=59, 62, 67, 84–85}}</ref>
|-
|1913–14
|
|Price of grain increased 30-fold.
|-
|1929
|
|
|-
|1958
|Tigray
|The 1958 Tigray famine had a death toll of over 100,000.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Mesfin Wolde Mariam|title=Rural Vulnerability to Famine in Ethiopia: 1958-77|isbn=0946688036}}</ref>: 26–7
|-
|1966
|Wollo
|Famine broke out in Wollo.<ref name=":5" />
|-
|1972–75
|Wollo
|The 1972–1975 Wollo famine had a death toll of c. 200,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13351397|title=Ethiopia profile - Timeline|publisher=BBC News|date=12 October 2020}}</ref> This famine spread throughout northern provinces. Failure to adequately handle this crisis contributed to the fall of the Imperial government and the rise of Derg rule.
|-
|1984–85
|Tigray and Wollo
|The 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia had a death toll of 1.2 million, leaving "400,000 refugees outside the country, 2.5 million people internally displaced, and almost 200,000 orphans."<ref name=":6" />: 44 <ref name="Red Tears">{{Cite book|title=Dawit Wolde Giorgis, "Red Tears: War, Famine, and Revolution in Ethiopia"|isbn=0932415342|author=Giorgis|first=Dawit Wolde|year=1989}}</ref> The majority of the dead were from Tigray and other parts of northern Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Waal|first=Alexander De|title=Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia|date=1991|publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn=978-1-56432-038-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcVFXUwraxsC&pg=PA5|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2003
|
|A severe drought affected 13.2 million people in 2002/2003. Program data showed that thousands of adults and children died despite the large scale humanitarian response.<ref name="Waal child survival">{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23801556|title=Child survival during the 2002–2003 drought in Ethiopia}}</ref> However, despite the drought being the most extensive in the country's modern history, there was a higher child mortality in drought-affected areas but no measurable increase in child mortality amongst the general population. Household-level demographic factors, household-level food and livelihood security, community-level economic production, access to potable water, and household receipt of food aid were predictive of child survival. The latter had a small but significant positive association with child survival.<ref name="Waal child survival" />
|-
|2021–2022
|Tigray
|During the Tigray War, the Ethiopian federal government blocked food and humanitarian aid from entering the region as a weaponization of hunger. This led to a famine that the Ethiopian Parliament classified, {{Ruo|2021|01}}, as a ''crisis (phase 3)/emergency (phase 4)'' acute food insecurity situation in most of Tigray except for Western Tigray by the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) under the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Continued conflict in Tigray coupled with low economic activity drives Emergency (IPC Phase 4)|work=[[Famine Early Warning Systems Network]]|date=2021-02-10|url=https://fews.net/east-africa/ethiopia|accessdate=2021-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210201454/https://fews.net/east-africa/ethiopia|archivedate=2021-02-10}}</ref>
|}
== Hụkwa ==
* Ọrụ ugbo na Etiopia
* [[Nchebe nri na Etiopia]]
* Ụnwụ nri n'India
* Ndepụta ụnwụ nri na China
* Ndepụta ụnwụ nri
== Edensibia ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
== Njikọ mpụga ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061130152421/http://www.dppc.gov.et/ Ụlọ ọrụ mgbochi na nkwadebe maka ọdachi (DPPA) nke Ethiopia Home page]
{{Ethiopia topics}}{{Population}}
cxu0nd37jh3rnrd1zdjchi9so2wyyz6
2001 Mwakpo ụgbọ okporo ígwè Angola
0
79246
708729
2026-08-31T06:09:03Z
NiferO
20385
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361306040|2001 Angola train attack]]"
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Mwakpo ụgbọ okporo ígwè Angola nke afọ 2001 bụ mwakpo n'oge Agha Obodo Angola mgbe n'ụbọchị iri n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2001 ndị agha UNITA ji obere égbè wakpo ụgbọ okporo ụzọ na-aga n'etiti obodo Zenza na Dondo wee wakpo ndị njem ahụ.
== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Agha Obodo Angola anọwo na-aga n'ihu kemgbe afọ 1975 ma bụrụ ihe nketa nke Agha Nzuzo. Dị ka akụkụ nke mbọ ha na-agba mgbe niile iji kwatuo ọchịchị, e nwere ihe omume mwakpo ụgbọ oloko na Angola n'ụbọchị nke 10 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001, mgbe ụgbọ oloko na-ebu ndị njem kụrụ bọmbụ a na-eli n'ala (nke a maara dị ka 'anti-tank mine') nke ndị nnupụisi nke otu National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) debere n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko ahụ. Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị, ndị nnupụisi ji égbè wakpo ndị njem ahụ, gbuo ihe dị ka mmadụ 250 n'ime mmadụ 500 nọ n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ.<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1486448.stm|title=Africa | Angola train toll rises|work=BBC News|date=12 August 2001|accessdate=21 March 2010}}</ref> Mwakpo ahụ mere ihe dị ka kilomita 150 (93 mi) n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke isi obodo, Luanda.<ref name="BBC News" /> N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2001, ndị otu United Nations Security Council katọrọ mwakpo ahụ, na-akpọ ya " mwakpo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/storyAr.asp?NewsID=1244&Cr=Angola&Cr1=|title=Angola: Security Council members condemn 'terrorist' UNITA train attack|publisher=United Nations|date=16 August 2001|accessdate=21 March 2010|archivedate=4 June 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604184843/http://www.un.org/apps/news/storyAr.asp?NewsID=1244&Cr=Angola&Cr1=}}</ref>
N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, UNITA weere ọrụ maka mwakpo ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1489317.stm|title=AFRICA | Rebels claim Angolan train attack|work=BBC News|date=13 August 2001|accessdate=21 March 2010}}</ref>
== Hụkwa ==
* Agha Obodo Angola
* Njem na Angola
* Ndepụta nke ihe omume ndị na-eyi ọha egwu metụtara usoro ụgbọ okporo ígwè
== Edensibia ==
; Ihe edeturu
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; Akwụkwọ
<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" /> {{2001 railway accidents}}{{Massacres}}
72iz1c27t2lohw7t7w2wute96erg3hk
2014 Bọmbụ Gombe na Bauchi
0
79247
708730
2026-08-31T06:16:42Z
NiferO
20385
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338803286|2014 Gombe and Bauchi bombings]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Campaignbox Boko Haram insurgency}}N'ọnwa Disemba 22, afọ 2014, bọmbụ a tụrụ n'ebe ndị nkịtị nọ n'obodo abụọ dị n'ebe ugwu Naịjirịa gburu mmadụ iri abụọ na asaa ma merụọ mmadụ iri isii ahụ. Nke mbụ mere na ọdụ bọs dị na [[Gombe]], Gombe Steeti, Naijiria. O gburu mmadụ iri abụọ. Mgbawa nke abụọ dị ike karị ma mee n'ahịa dị na [[Bauchi]], Bauchi Steeti.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 22, 2014|title=Bombs in north Nigeria bus station, market kill 27|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-idUSKBN0K01L020141222|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=December 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dozens killed in Nigeria bomb blasts|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/12/23/dozens-killed-in-nigeria-bomb-blasts|accessdate=2022-04-17|work=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>
== Edensibia ==
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[[Otú:Ȯra Bauchi]]
[[Otú:Ȯra Gombe]]
6xjt8n1ydtl14i4ppedbw3ih313tzr1
Mwakpo bọmbụ na Gombe n'ọnwa Julaị 2015
0
79248
708731
2026-08-31T06:24:41Z
NiferO
20385
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365132161|July 2015 Gombe bombings]]"
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Na 16 na 22 n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2015, a tụrụ Gombe, Naịjirịa bọmbụ - o doro anya na ọ bụ otu ndị jihadist Boko Haram.
Nnupụisi nke Boko Haram kara njọ n'etiti afọ 2010, gụnyere mwakpo na obodo Gombe nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2014, Jenụwarị afọ 2015 na ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2015.
Na 16 Junn afọ 2015 na Gombe, a tụrụ bọmbụ abụọ n'ahịa na-ekwo ekwo n'ehihie, na-egbu mmadụ iri anọ na itoolu ma na-emerụ ndị ọzọ bụ iri asaa na otu ahụ. Bọmbụ mbụ gbawara n'èzí ụlọ ahịa akpụkpọ ụkwụ na nke abụọ n'èstre ụlọ ahịa china n'ihu ya.<ref name="T" />
Na 22 n'ọnwa Junn afọ 2015 na Gombe, ọ dịkarịa ala bọmbụ abụọ gbawara na ọdụ bọs abụọ, na-egbu ọ dịkarị mmadụ iri abụọ na itoolu.
== Edensibia ==
<references />
[[Otú:Ȯra Gombe]]
pjaz9agblxtlnt2f18n0aq2wb5h8vmx
Bọmbụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Potiskum na afọ 2014
0
79249
708733
2026-08-31T06:34:29Z
NiferO
20385
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360538515|2014 Potiskum school bombing]]"
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Na ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2014, otu onye ogbunigwe gburu onwe ya nke yi uwe nwa akwụkwọ gburu ihe ruru mmadụ iri anọ na isii ma merụọ ọtụtụ mmadụ ahụ na mgbakọ ụlọ akwụkwọ na Potiskum, obodo ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa nke ndị Boko Haram mere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29985252|title=BBC News - Nigeria school blast in Potiskum kills dozens|work=BBC News|date=10 November 2014|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/10/world/africa/nigeria-bombing/index.html?hpt=hp_t3|title=47 people killed in bombing outside Nigerian school - CNN.com|author=Aminu Abubakar|date=10 November 2014|work=CNN|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/suicide-bombing-at-nigerian-school-kills-dozens-20141110-11k17h.html|title=Suicide bombing at Nigerian school kills dozens|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=10 November 2014|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref>
== Edensibia ==
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8pbiqn0lrb8cxgzf7hysygg74wtn7yj
Mwakpo bọmbụ na Mubi n'afọ 2017
0
79250
708734
2026-08-31T06:41:53Z
NiferO
20385
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352621918|2017 Mubi bombing]]"
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N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2017, otu bọmbụ gburu onwe ya mere na Mubi, Adamawa Steeti, Naịjirịa. Otu nwa okorobịa kpatara mgbawa nke ihe mgbawa n'ime ụlọ alakụba mgbe ndị mmadụ na-abịa maka ekpere Fajr n'otu nnukwu obodo dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa, nke gburu mmadụ iri ise.<ref name="A" />
Ọ dịghị otu na-azọrọ na ọ bụ ya kpatara ya. Nnukwu òtù ndị Alakụba bụ Boko Haram malitere nnupụisi n'afọ 2009. Ha emeela ọtụtụ n'ime nnukwu mwakpo ndị mere na Naịjirịa kemgbe ahụ. A na-enyo ha enyo maka bọmbụ a, yana mwakpo na Mubi na 2012, 2014 na 2018.
== Edensibia ==
<references />
6prikveqemgk1mzmxx89iycyiotch60
Mwakpo Izghe
0
79251
708735
2026-08-31T06:55:37Z
NiferO
20385
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356998313|Izghe attack]]"
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'''Mwakpo Izghe''' bụ ihe omume ndị na-eyi ọha egwu nke mere n'uhuruchi nke ọnwa Febụwarị 15, afọ 2014.
Ndị ji egbe, ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha so n'òtù Boko Haram, batara n'obodo Izghe dị na Steeti Borno n'isi ụtụtụ ma gbuo ụmụ nwoke 105 na otu agadi nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26220300|title=Nigeria's Boko Haram 'in village massacre'|publisher=BBC News|date=2014-02-16|accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref>
Ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị, e gburu ọtụtụ mmadụ n'otu obodo ahụ.
Nke a bụ akụkụ nke mwakpo Boko Haram n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014; ogbugbu Konduga mere n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.
Otu ìgwè ndị mmadụ gara n'obodo ọrụ ugbo nke Izghe na steeti Borno wee gbuo mmadụ 106. "Ndị ikom bi n'obodo ahụ bụ ndị a na-agba égbè na mgbede Satọdee". <ref name=":0" />Ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha bụ ndị Boko Haram. "Na-egbu ihe karịrị mmadụ otú narị, a na-enyo ndị Boko haram enyo na ha wakporo obere obodo ọrụ ugbo, Izghe, na Borno, Naijiria. "
Otu n'ime ndị sonyere na mwakpo ahụ ga-awụli elu mgbidi iji zọpụta ndụ ya. "Onye lanarịrị mwakpo ahụ rịgooro mgbidi ụlọ ya wee gbadaa ihe dị ka nkeji iri anọ ruo n'udo. "
Ebe mwakpo ahụ mere bụ obodo Izghe, obodo dị na Naịjirịa. "Ha kwagara site n'ọnụ ụzọ ruo n'ọnụ ụlọ na-achọ ndị ikom bi na ya na-ezo. "
Mwakpo ahụ mere iji mee ka mba ahụ banye n'agha. "N'ịhọrọ ụlọ ụka dị ka ndị a na-achọ ịtụ bọmbụ, ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ mgbalị iji mee ka esemokwu dị n'etiti Ndị Kraịst na ndị Alakụba ma eleghị anya mee ka Naịjirịa banye n'agha obodo nke okpukpe siri ike mere ka akụkụ abụọ ahụ. "
O mere na ndị mwakpo ahụ banyere n'ime obodo ma gbuo ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ nkịtị.
== Edensibia ==
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l0k8rbbadt6ycasut1n3l46uekash20
Oké ọkọchị Somalia nke afọ 2017
0
79252
708739
2026-08-31T09:53:54Z
Elizabeth chee
62456
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368947251|2017 Somali drought]]"
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Oké ọkọchị nke [[Somalia]] na 2017 bụ oké ọkọchị nke metụtara Somalia n'etiti ngwụcha afọ 2016 na mmalite afọ 2018, na-esote oge mmiri ozuzo dị ala na mba ahụ. Oké ọkọchị ahụ wetara ọdịda nke ihe ọkụkụ, ọnwụ anụ ụlọ, na nchụpụ,kpatara otu n'ime nnukwu nsogbu ndị mmadụ na Somalia kemgbe ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke 2011 East Africa. N'oge ọ kachasị elu, ọ hapụrụ ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 6.2, <ref name="WorldBank2020">{{Cite web|date=2020|title=Summary of Chapter 3: Drought Impact|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/301631594113228528/pdf/Summary-of-Chapter-3-Drought-Impact.pdf|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=documents.worldbank.org|publisher=The World Bank}}</ref> ihe karịrị ọkara ndị bi na mba ahụ, na-achọ enyemaka mmadụ ma na-eche ụkọ nri ihu na ọtụtụ mmiri na-aghọ ihe a na-apụghị ịṅụ mmanya n'ihi ohere nke ibute ọrịa. <ref name="aljazeera1">{{Cite web|title=Drought in Somalia: Time is Running Out|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2017/02/drought-somalia-time-running-170213111737077.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|accessdate=26 February 2017}}</ref>
[[Faịlụ:Somalia_-_Drought_and_Displacement,_2016-2017.png|thumb|350x350px|Map nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na mbata na Somalia, 2017.]]
Dịka Ngalaba Ozi Ndị Mmadụ nke gọọmentị US si kwuo, ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 2.9 na Somalia na-eche nsogbu ma ọ bụ ọkwa mberede nsogbu nri dị oke njọ ihu ma chọọ enyemaka nri mberede n'ihi na mmiri ozuzo dara ada n'ọtụtụ ebe na 2016 nke belatara mmepụta ihe ubi ma merụọ anụ ụlọ ahụ. [nkọwapụta achọrọ] Somalia na-eche ihu owuwe ihe ubi nke asaa n'usoro na-adịghị mma, nkwụsi ike nri bụkwa nnukwu nsogbu. N'oge mmiri ozuzo nke Eprel ruo June, obere mmiri ozuzo mere n'ọtụtụ ebe na Somalia na Eprel, mana mmiri amalitela ma buru amụma na ọ ga-adị na Mee. [nkọwapụta achọrọ] Enweghị mmiri a na-aṅụ emeela ka ọrịa afọ ọsịsa na cholera gbasaa ngwa ngwa, a na-akọkwa ihe dị ka ikpe 32,000 kemgbe mmalite afọ. A tụrụ anya na ụmụaka nde 1.4 ga-achọ ọgwụgwọ maka nri na-adịghị mma na 2017, dịka UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) si kwuo.[1] FEWS NET na-atụ anya na nde mmadụ 2.9 ga-anọ n'ọnọdụ nsogbu na ọnọdụ mberede nke enweghị nri dị oke njọ ruo June 2017.[2] Na Maachị 2017, dịka Ụlọ Ọrụ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Nhazi Ihe Ndị Gbasara Ọha Mmadụ (OCHA) si kwuo, nde mmadụ 1.75 natara enyemaka nri mba ụwa.[3]FEWS NET na-atụ anya na nde mmadụ 2.9 ga-anọ n'ọnọdụ nsogbu na ọnọdụ mberede nke enweghị nri ruo June 2017.[4] Na Maachị 2017, nde mmadụ 1.75 natara enyemaka nri mba ụwa, dịka Ụlọ Ọrụ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Nhazi Ihe Ndị Gbasara Ọha Mmadụ (OCHA) si kwuo.[5]
Site na Nọvemba 2016 ruo Machị 2017, ihe karịrị mmadụ 615,000 agbaala ọsọ n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.<ref name="UNHCR2017Appeal">{{Cite web|date=22 March 2018|title=2017 Supplementary Appeal for the Somalia Situation|url=https://data.unhcr.org/fr/documents/download/62799|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=data.unhcr.org|publisher=UNHCR}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị ụkọ mmiri ozuzo hapụrụ ime obodo Bay, Lower Shabelle, na Sool wee biri n'obodo ukwu dị ka Mogadishu na [[Baidoa]]. Kemgbe Jenụwarị 2016, ihe dị ka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ 56,000 bụbu ndị Somalia si n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ọsọ ndụ Dadaab nke Kenya laghachi Somalia site na mmemme mweghachi afọ ofufo nke UNHCR ma biri na Gedo, Bay, Lower Jubba, na Banaadir.
== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
Oké ọkọchị ahụ bịara mgbe usoro mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị mma gafee Somalia, na-eduga na ọdịda ihe ọkụkụ, ebe mmiri na-adịghị na anụ ụlọ furu efu.<ref name="JRCDrought2017">{{Cite web|date=17 February 2017|title=Drought in the Horn of Africa – February 2017|url=https://drought.emergency.copernicus.eu/data/reports/old/GDODroughtNews201702_Horn_of_Africa.pdf|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=drought.emergency.copernicus.eu|publisher=JRC Drought Team, European Commission – Joint Research Centre}}</ref> Nke a metụtara obodo ndị dabere na ọrụ ugbo na ọzụzụ anụ ụlọ, na-ebelata mmepụta nri.
Oge ụkọ mmiri ozuzo bịara mgbe Somalia ka na-agbake site na ọtụtụ iri afọ nke esemokwu agha, ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ọgba agha ihu igwe.<ref name="WorldBank2023">{{Cite web|date=19 June 2023|title=Somalia Shock Responsive Safety Net for Human Capital Project|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099062923035034613/pdf/P17624603756190c409e570193ea2ae944d.pdf|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=documents.worldbank.org|publisher=The World Bank}}</ref> Ọtụtụ nde mmadụ achọlarị enyemaka enyemaka site na mmetụta nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ụnwụ nri nke 2011 East Africa, nke hapụrụ nsogbu enyemaka na mba ahụ.<ref name="SomaliaHNO2017">{{Cite web|date=24 November 2016|title=2017 Somalia Humanitarian Needs Overview|url=https://reliefweb.int/attachments/8bde1016-1670-3ebe-9924-ec931eba0662/161124_som_hno_2017.pdf|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=reliefweb.int|publisher=OCHA}}</ref>
Na ngwụcha afọ 2016, United Nations, FEWS NET na Food and Agriculture Organization welitere mkpu na enweghị mmiri ozuzo na-eyi nchekwa nri egwu na Somalia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UN warns worsening food security situation in Somalia - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2016-07/29/c_135550363.htm|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-08|title=In Somalia, food security and malnutrition situation is 'alarming' – UN report {{!}} UN News|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2016/02/521752|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=news.un.org|language=en}}</ref>
== Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya ==
Isi ihe kpatara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ bụ enweghị oge mmiri ozuzo na 2016 na mmalite 2017. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Persistent drought in Somalia leads to major food security crisis {{!}} FEWS NET|url=https://fews.net/east-africa/somalia/special-report/february-2017-1|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=fews.net|language=en}}</ref> N'oge oge mmiri ozuzo nke Eprel-June na Ọktọba-Nọvemba, mmiri ozuzo e dekọrọ dị n'okpuru nkezi, nke dugara n'ọnọdụ ịta ahịhịa na-adịghị mma, belata mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ na mmụba nke ọnwụ anụ ụlọ na mba ahụ dum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=This Is A Worsening Humanitarian Crisis That Shows No Signs Of Slowing|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mike-adamson/hunger-crisis-africa_b_14988122.html|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=26 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Famine fears rise as Somalia suffers worst drought in decades|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ce4d61f2-ef67-11e6-930f-061b01e23655|publisher=Financial Times|accessdate=26 February 2017}}</ref> Mgbanwe ihu igwe metụtara El Niño-Southern Oscillation nyere aka na mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị mma ma nwee ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ. <ref name="CGIAR2017">{{Cite web|title=3. El Niño–Southern Oscillation Impacts on Agriculture and the National Economy|url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/2d6dbb72-1c39-467a-920c-fe99067b7dbb/content|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=cgspace.cgiar.org|publisher=CGSpace (CGIAR)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hungerkrise in Somalia: Millionen Menschen brauchen Hilfe|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/somalia-hungerkrise-101.html|publisher=Tagesschau|accessdate=26 February 2017|language=de-DE}}</ref>
Okpomọkụ na-arị elu site na mgbanwe ihu igwe mekwara ka oke ọkọchị dị na mpi nke Africa site n'ịkwalite ọnwụ mmiri n'ala na ibelata ntụkwasị obi nke mmiri ozuzo oge.<ref name=":0" /> Site na ọmụmụ sayensị, mgbanwe ihu igwe a emeela ka ohere nke ọnọdụ ụkọ mmiri ozuzo dị ogologo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka.<ref name="Oxfam2017">{{Cite web|date=27 April 2017|title=A climate in crisis: How climate change is making drought and humanitarian disaster worse in East Africa|url=https://www-cdn.oxfam.org/s3fs-public/mb-climate-crisis-east-africa-drought-270417-en.pdf|accessdate=4 July 2026|work=oxfam.org|publisher=Oxfam International}}</ref>
== Ọnọdụ enyemaka ==
Nke a bụ otu n'ime ọnọdụ mberede kachasị njọ na Somalia kemgbe ụnwụ nri 2011. Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ 2017, ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 6.2 chọrọ enyemaka enyemaka, ebe ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 2.9 chere nsogbu ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ mberede nke enweghị nri siri ike ihu.<ref name="WorldBank2020" /> Na 4 Machị, praịm minista Somalia bụ Hassan Ali Khaire kwupụtara na ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 110 nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ na afọ ọsịsa na mpaghara Bay naanị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/03/hassan-ali-khaire-famine-kills-110-days-170304183606392.html|title=Hassan Ali Khaire: Hunger, disease kill 110 in two days|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=4 March 2017}}</ref>
Nsogbu ahụ kpatara ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ, ebe ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ hapụrụ ime obodo na-achọ nri, mmiri na enyemaka enyemaka, ọkachasị ịkwaga n'obodo ukwu dị ka Mogadishu, [[Baidoa]] na [[Kismayo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somalia — Humanitarian Response Annual Report (2017) {{!}} Displacement Tracking Matrix|url=https://dtm.iom.int/fr/reports/somalia-%E2%80%94-humanitarian-response-annual-report-2017|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=dtm.iom.int}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ 2017, ihe karịrị mmadụ 900,000 agbaala ọsọ n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.<ref name="OCHASitRep2March2017">{{Cite web|date=31 March 2017|title=Somalia: Drought Response - Situation Report No. 2 (as of 31 March 2017)|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-drought-response-situation-report-no-2-31-march-2017|accessdate=5 July 2026|work=reliefweb.int|publisher=UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)}}</ref>
Onye nnọchi anya FAO maka Somalia kwuru na ọnọdụ dị n'ọtụtụ ime obodo, ọkachasị Bay na [[Puntland]], na-amalite iwere "n'ụzọ na-echegbu onwe ya dị ka mmalite ụnwụ nri na 2010-2011".<ref name="un1">{{Cite web|title=Urgent scale-up in funding needed to stave off famine in Somalia, UN warns|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=56094|accessdate=26 February 2017}}</ref> Òtù Mba Nile maka Migration dọkwara aka ná ntị na ọ bụrụ na "emeghị ihe ozugbo, akara ịdọ aka ná ntị n'oge na-egosi nsogbu na-arịwanye elu na Somalia nke nwere ike imebi".<ref name="cnn1">{{Cite web|author=McKenzie|first=David|title=Somalia: 'People are dying..there's no water'|date=7 March 2017|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/07/africa/somalia-famine-united-nations/index.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=8 March 2017}}</ref>
Hassan Saadi Noor, onye nduzi Save the Children's Country na Somalia kwuru, sị: <ref>{{Cite web|title=Somalia reaching a 'tipping point' as signs of malnutrition among children worsen|url=https://www.savethechildren.net/article/somalia-reaching-tipping-point-signs-malnutrition-among-children-worsen|work=Save the Children International|accessdate=8 March 2017|language=en|date=21 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309072416/https://www.savethechildren.net/article/somalia-reaching-tipping-point-signs-malnutrition-among-children-worsen|archivedate=9 March 2017}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles>Na mgbakwunye na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ụnwụ nri, ahụike ọha na eze kara njọ n'oge ụkọ mmiri. Enweghị ike ịnweta mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị mma na ịdị ọcha nyere aka n'oké ntiwapụ nke ọrịa, dị ka ọgbụgbọ na kịtịkpa, nke gbasara.<ref name="cnn1" /> Ụmụaka na-emetụta karịsịa, na ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka na-eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka nde ụmụaka 1.4 ga-achọ ọgwụgwọ maka nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNICEF: 1.4 million Somali children risk acute malnutrition|url=https://www.dw.com/en/unicef-14-million-children-in-somalia-at-risk-of-acute-malnutrition-in-2017/a-38661501|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=dw.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2017-05-02|title=Somalia: 1.4M children to suffer acute malnutrition this year – UN agency {{!}} UN News|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/05/556402|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=news.un.org|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị 2017, e gosipụtara ihe karịrị mmadụ 8,400 na-arịa ọrịa ọgbụgbọ na Jenụwarị, nke gburu ndụ 200.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-03/11/c_136119454.htm|quote=More than 8,400 cases of the diseases have already been confirmed in 2017, 200 of which have been fatal|title=Aid agency warns of surge in cholera cases in Somalia|date=11 March 2017|publisher=Xinhua}}</ref> Na 20 Machị 2017, ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri abụọ na isii nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ na mpaghara Jubaland nke na-achị onwe ya nke ndịda Somalia, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi steeti si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shabellenews.com/2017/03/hunger-kills-dozens-in-southern-somalia-amid-drought/|title=Hunger kills dozens in Southern Somalia amid Drought|publisher=Shabelle News|date=21 March 2017|accessdate=21 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324052609/http://www.shabellenews.com/2017/03/hunger-kills-dozens-in-southern-somalia-amid-drought/|archivedate=24 March 2017}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị 2017, mmiri ọṅụṅụ na-adịghị ọcha kpatara ihe karịrị mmadụ 71,000 na-arịa ọrịa ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ afọ ọsịsa siri ike na 2017, nke kpatara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ 1,100 nwụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/hundreds-of-thousands-of-somalis-displaced-by-drought-conflict/3961865.html|title=Hundreds of Thousands of Somalis Displaced by Drought, Conflict|publisher=Voice of America|date=30 July 2017}}</ref>
== Ịkpọ oku maka nzaghachi ==
=== Nzaghachi ozugbo ===
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2017, otu onye isi ọrụ enyemaka nke United Nations na Somalia dọrọ aka ná ntị banyere ụnwụ nri n'ime ụfọdụ n'ime ebe oke ọkọchị na-enweghị enyemaka enyemaka dị ukwuu na ngwa ngwa n'ime izu ndị na-abịanụ.<ref name="aljazeera1" /><ref name="un1" /> O kwukwara na ịhapụ nzaghachi dị otú ahụ ozugbo "ga-efu ndụ, bibie ihe ndị a na-eri ebi, ma nwee ike imebi ịchụso isi ihe owuwu na udo".<ref name="un1" /> N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2017, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations bụ António Guterres gbara ume ka e nwee nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ iji gbochie ụnwụ nri.<ref>{{Cite web|title="The world must act now to stop this," UN chief Guterres says on visit to drought-hit Somalia|url=https://unsom.unmissions.org/world-must-act-now-stop-un-chief-guterres-says-visit-drought-hit-somalia|publisher=UNSOM|accessdate=8 March 2017|language=en|date=8 March 2017}}</ref>
=== Nzaghachi kwesịrị ekwesị ===
Ọ bụ ezie na a pụrụ idozi oke ọkọchị ahụ site na nzaghachi ozugbo, ụfọdụ na-atụ aro ịkọ ọdịnihu na mgbochi, ogologo oge, ọnụahịa dị mma na usoro kwesịrị ekwesị. Esther Ngumbi, onye nchọpụta na Ngalaba nke Entomology na Plant Pathology na Mahadum Auburn na [[Alabama]], na-atụ aro na a ga-eji "njikọ na nkwekọrịta dị n'etiti gọọmentị na NGO" mee ihe iji "nyekwa ndị ọrụ ugbo aka ịnagide oke ọkọchị na ọdachi ndị ọzọ metụtara mgbanwe ihu igwe". Ọzọkwa, ọ na-ekwu na ozugbo e mezuru nke a, ụzọ ọhụrụ iji gbasaa ozi na ngwọta dịnụ nye ndị ọrụ ugbo ga-adị mkpa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How to tackle repetitive droughts in the Horn of Africa|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2017/02/tackle-repetitive-droughts-horn-africa-170214090108648.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|accessdate=26 February 2017}}</ref> Mohamed Abdulkadir, onye njikwa ubi nke Save the Children, na-ekwu na nnyefe nri na-ebibi ahịa mpaghara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somalia: "Wenn keine Hilfe kommt, werden sie sterben" - heute-Nachrichten|url=http://www.heute.de/anhaltende-duerre-in-afrika-millionen-menschen-droht-der-hunger-tod-46642456.html|accessdate=26 February 2017|language=de|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227062613/http://www.heute.de/anhaltende-duerre-in-afrika-millionen-menschen-droht-der-hunger-tod-46642456.html|archivedate=27 February 2017}}</ref> Minista Federal nke German nke Economic Cooperation na Development Gerd Müller tụrụ aro ego nsogbu dị ijeri maka United Nations iji nye ya ohere ime ihe mgbochi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mit dem Vieh verhungern die Menschen - Somalia vor der Katastrophe {{!}} Aktuell Afrika {{!}} DW.COM {{!}} 26.02.2017|url=http://www.dw.com/de/mit-dem-vieh-verhungern-die-menschen-somalia-vor-der-katastrophe/a-37720647|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=8 March 2017|language=de}}</ref>
== Nzaghachi ==
Kemgbe ụnwụ nri nke afọ 2011, nke a bụ otu n'ime nzaghachi enyemaka kachasị ukwuu na Somalia. Ọ gụnyere Gọọmentị Federal nke Somalia, ụlọ ọrụ United Nations, òtù enyemaka mba ụwa, gọọmentị na-enye onyinye na òtù ndị obodo. <ref name="DFID2017Review">{{Cite web|date=November 2017|title=DFID Somalia 2017 Drought Response: Real-Time Review|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a8566e4e5274a2e87dc3e43/DFID_Somalia_2017_IRF_Real_Time_Review_FINAL.pdf|accessdate=5 July 2026|work=publishing.service.gov.uk|publisher=Department for International Development (DFID)}}</ref> Mgbalị enyemaka lekwasịrị anya n'igbochi ụnwụ nri site na enyemaka nri mberede, nnyefe ego, mmemme nri na-edozi ahụ, nlekọta ahụike na mmiri na ntinye aka na ịdị ọcha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNICEF helps avert a famine in Somalia in 2017 {{!}} UNICEF Somalia|url=https://www.unicef.org/somalia/stories/unicef-helps-avert-famine-somalia-2017|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=www.unicef.org|language=en}}</ref>
=== Nzaghachi gọọmentị ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2017, Onye isi ala Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed kwupụtara na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ bụ Ọdachi mba, na-enyere gọọmentị aka ịhazi akụ na ụba ma rịọ maka enyemaka mba ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/somalia-declares-national-disaster-drought-170228163745581.html|title=Somalia declares 'national disaster' over drought|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=1 March 2017}}</ref> Gọọmentị etiti guzobere usoro nhazi mberede na mba ndị otu gọọmentị etiti na ndị mmekọ ọrụ ebere iji bute mpaghara ndị kachasị emetụta ụzọ. <ref name="WorldBank2023Preparedness">{{Cite web|date=2023|title=Somalia Preparedness Plan for Food and Nutrition Security|url=https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/3da165e0bcb0ed7dddba9939afb21fda-0590012023/related/Somalia-Preparedness-Plan-for-Food-and-Nutrit.pdf|accessdate=5 July 2026|work=thedocs.worldbank.org|publisher=The World Bank}}</ref> A haziri enyemaka mberede site na Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs na Disaster.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DevelopmentAid|url=https://www.developmentaid.org/|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=DevelopmentAid|language=en}}</ref>
=== Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu ===
Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu haziri nzaghachi enyemaka mba ụwa site na Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Gọọmentị Federal nke Somalia na ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="OCHASitRep2March2017" /> N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2017, UN dọrọ Somalia aka na ntị na ha na-eche nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke ụnwụ nri ihu ọ gwụla ma enyere ha aka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=McVeigh|first=Karen|date=2017-02-03|title=Somalia famine fears prompt UN call for 'immediate and massive' reaction|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/feb/03/somalia-famine-fears-un-call-immediate-massive-reaction|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref> Odeakwụkwọ ukwu Antonio Guterres gara Somailia na Machị 2017 wee rịọ maka nkwado mba ụwa ngwa ngwa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-07|title=Secretary-General Visits Somalia {{!}} UN Photo|url=https://media.un.org/photo/en/asset/oun7/oun7142340|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=media.un.org|language=en}}</ref>
World Food Programme (WFP) gbasaa nkesa nri na enyemaka ego maka ezinụlọ ndị na-enweghị nri, <ref name="WFPEvaluation2020">{{Cite web|date=July 2020|title=Evaluation of the WFP Somalia Country Strategic Plan 2016–2018|url=https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000122255/download/|accessdate=5 July 2026|work=docs.wfp.org|publisher=World Food Programme}}</ref> ebe FAO kwadoro ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ anụ site na mkpọsa ọgwụgwọ anụ ụlọ, ọrụ anụmanụ, ntinye ọrụ ugbo yana ego mberede iji nyere aka chekwaa ihe oriri. <ref name="FAO2017Drought">{{Cite web|date=2017|title=Drought in Somalia: Livelihood impact and response|url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/bs155e|accessdate=5 July 2026|work=openknowledge.fao.org|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)}}</ref>
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) mụbara ọgwụgwọ maka nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ siri ike, mkpọsa ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi, ọrụ inye mmiri na mmemme nhicha. Ha kwadokwara mmezigharị oghere, ụgbọ mmiri, mkpọsa ịdị ọcha na ọgwụgwọ mmiri iji belata mgbasa nke ọgbụgbọ na afọ ọsịsa mmiri.
Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) wusiri nlekota ọrịa ike, guzobe ụlọ ọgwụ ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgba, nye ihe ọgwụgwọ mberede ma kwado ndị otu na-eme ngwa ngwa iji chịkwaa ntiwapụ nke ọgbụba na ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-efe efe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO calls for immediate action to save lives in Somalia|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/11-05-2017-who-calls-for-immediate-action-to-save-lives-in-somalia|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> International Organization for Migration (IOM) nyere nlekọta ahụike mberede site na ndị otu ahụike na-agagharị agagharị, kwadoro obodo ndị a chụpụrụ na mmiri, ịdị ọcha na ọrụ ịdị ọcha ma nyere aka na nlekota nke ndị mmadụ.
=== Òtù na-ahụ maka enyemaka mba ụwa ===
Kọmitii Mba Nile nke Red Cross (ICRC), na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ Somali Red Crescent Society, gbasaa enyemaka nri, mmemme ego mberede, ọrụ nri na-edozi ahụ, nlekọta ahụike na ọrụ mmiri n'ebe ndịda na etiti Somalia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-26|title=Somalia drought emergency response in 2017 {{!}} ICRC|url=https://www.icrc.org/en/document/somalia-drought-emergency-response-2017|accessdate=2026-07-04|work=www.icrc.org|language=en}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị-Eprel 2017, òtù ndị ahụ nyeere mmadụ 760,000 aka, gụnyere ikesa nri nye mmadụ 160,000, inye enyemaka ego nye ihe dị ka mmadụ 167,000, na-agwọ ihe karịrị mmadụ 12,000 ma na-akwado ọgwụgwọ ọgbụgbọ na ọrụ nlekọta ahụike.
Òtù ndị ọzọ na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka, gụnyere Save the Children, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), CARE International, Islamic Relief, Concern Worldwide, Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) na ọtụtụ òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, gbasaa mmemme nri na-edozi ahụ, ọrụ nlekọta ahụike, nkwado agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ nchebe na ọrụ mmiri na ịdị ọcha na obodo ndị ụkọ mmiri na-emetụta.<ref name="aljazeera1" />
=== Germany ===
Dị ka akụkọ nke 1 Mee 2017, na nleta ọ gara na mba ahụ, Minista na-ahụ maka mba ọzọ nke Germany, Sigmar Gabriel kwere nkwa na ọ ga-eme ka ọ dịkarịa ala okpukpu abụọ nke enyemaka nde euro 70 ma kwuo na mkparịta ụka ndị nta akụkọ ya na praịm minista Somalia bụ Hassan Ali Khaire na "obodo mba ụwa ga-eme ihe karịa megide ọdachi ụnwụ nri ahụ. " <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hungersnot in Somalia: Deutschland will Hilfe verdoppeln|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/gabriel-mogadischu-101.html|publisher=Tagesschau|accessdate=1 May 2017|language=de-DE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Außenminister in Somalia: Gabriel am Horn des Hungers|work=Der Spiegel|date=May 2017|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/mogadischu-sigmar-gabriel-am-horn-des-hungers-in-somalia-a-1145619.html|publisher=SPIEGEL ONLINE|accessdate=1 May 2017|author=Gebauer|first=Matthias}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Germany pledges 70 million euros to aid Somalia fight hunger|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/germany-pledges-70-million-euros-aid-somalia-fight-47132026|work=ABC News|accessdate=1 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọ na-arịọ ndị mba ụwa ka ha ghara ile Somalia anya dị ka steeti dara ada "ma dị ka steet nke na-agbasi mbọ ike iji mepụta usoro steeti a pụrụ ịdabere na ya" na-enyere ya aka "ịkwado nchekwa".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Germany's Gabriel makes surprise visit to Somalia|url=http://www.dw.com/en/germanys-gabriel-makes-surprise-visit-to-somalia/a-38655521|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=1 May 2017|language=en}}</ref>
=== Njikọ Europe ===
Na Nzukọ Mba Nile na Somalia na London na 11 Mee 2017, European Union kwere nkwa nde euro 200 maka iwu obodo na mgbalị mgbake ogologo oge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kommentar: 17 Seiten für den Frieden {{!}} Kommentare {{!}} DW.COM {{!}} 11.05.2017|url=http://www.dw.com/de/kommentar-17-seiten-f%C3%BCr-den-frieden/a-38807226|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=14 May 2017|language=de}}</ref> Mohamed kelere ndị nyere onyinye ahụ, na-ekwusi ike n'okwu ya na Somalia chọrọ iguzo ọtọ ọzọ, ọ rịọkwara ndị sonyere na nnọkọ ahụ ka ha mee ka gọọmentị ya nwee obi ụtọ ma ọ bụrụ na ha emezughị nke a.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Londoner Konferenz sagt Somalia Millionenhilfe zu {{!}} DW {{!}} 11.05.2017|url=https://www.dw.com/de/londoner-konferenz-sagt-somalia-millionenhilfe-zu/a-38802505|accessdate=2021-11-21|work=DW.COM|language=de-DE}}</ref>
== Ihe si na ya pụta ==
Oké ọkọchị ahụ nwere mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide maka ọdịmma mmadụ, akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Mmiri zoro nke ọma n'oge oge mmiri ozuzo nke Eprel-June 2018, nke nyere aka na mmepụta ugbo na ọnọdụ ịta ahịhịa na mpaghara ụfọdụ. Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ agwụla akụ ha n'oge ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ, mgbake dị nwayọ ma sie ike.
Enyemaka enyemaka gara n'ihu n'afọ 2018 niile ka ọtụtụ nde mmadụ ka na-adabere na enyemaka na mmemme nkwado enyemaka. IDP nọgidere na-eche oke mmadụ ihu, ebe obibi na-ezughị ezu na ohere dị nta maka ọrụ ndị bụ isi na ebe obibi ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ebe ọtụtụ enweghị ike ịlaghachi n'ebe ha si.
== Usoro oge iheomume ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Ihe ndị dị mkpa mere n'oge ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke Somalia na 2016-2018.
!Ụbọchị
!Ihe omume
!Ihe ọ pụtara
|-
|Ngwụsị afọ 2015 - Mmalite afọ 2016
|Ihe omume El Niño siri ike metụtara usoro ihu igwe gafee Horn of Africa, ọnọdụ La Niña na-adịghị ike sochiri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hungerkrise in Somalia: Millionen Menschen brauchen Hilfe|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/somalia-hungerkrise-101.html|publisher=Tagesschau|language=de-DE}}</ref>
|O nyere aka na mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị mma n'oge ọkọchị ma setịpụ ọnọdụ maka oke ọkọchị na Somalia.
|-
|Eprel-June 2016
|Oge mmiri ozuzo nke '''Eprel-June''' dekọrọ mmiri ozuzo dị n'okpuru nkezi n'ọtụtụ Somalia.
|Mbelata mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ, ebe ịta ahịhịa na-emebi emebi na isi iyi mmiri na-adịghị mma maka ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ anụ.
|-
|Ọktoba-December 2016
|Oge mmiri ozuzo nke October-December emeghị nke ọma n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke mba ahụ. <ref name="HIUpublicdomain" />
|Oge mmiri ozuzo na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka enweghị nri, anụ ụlọ na ụkọ mmiri ka njọ.
|-
|Jenụwarị 2017
|Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ kọrọ na ọ na-abawanye ngwa ngwa ma na-akawanye njọ nke ọgbụgbọ na ọsịsa mmiri (AWD). <ref name="HIUpublicdomain" /><ref name="cnn1" />
|gosipụtara mmetụta na-arịwanye elu nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na nchegbu dị elu maka ụnwụ nri.
|-
|2 Febụwarị 2017
|Òtù [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] dọrọ aka ná ntị na Somalia na-eche nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke ụnwụ nri ihu na-enweghị enyemaka enyemaka enyemaka ozugbo.<ref name="un1" />
|O gosipụtara ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ nke mba ụwa na nsogbu ahụ nwere ike ịghọ ụnwụ nri yiri nke 2011.
|-
|28 Febụwarị 2017
|Onye isi ala Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed kwupụtara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ dị ka ọdachi mba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/somalia-declares-national-disaster-drought-170228163745581.html|title=Somalia declares 'national disaster' over drought|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=1 March 2017}}</ref>
|O mere ka mba dịkwuo n'otu ma mee ka arịrịọ maka enyemaka mba ụwa sie ike.
|-
|Machị 2017
|Praịm Minista Hassan Ali Khaire kọrọ ọnwụ ndị metụtara agụụ na ọrịa na Bay Region, ebe odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN António Guterres gara Somalia iji kwado nkwado mba ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/03/hassan-ali-khaire-famine-kills-110-days-170304183606392.html|title=Hassan Ali Khaire: Hunger, disease kill 110 in two days|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=4 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="The world must act now to stop this," UN chief Guterres says on visit to drought-hit Somalia|url=https://unsom.unmissions.org/world-must-act-now-stop-un-chief-guterres-says-visit-drought-hit-somalia|publisher=UNSOM|date=8 March 2017}}</ref>
|Dọrọ uche zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ịdị njọ nke nsogbu ahụ ma mee ka ego enyemaka na mgbalị mmeghachi omume dị ngwa.
|-
|Eprel-May 2017
|Ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ enyemaka gbasaa enyemaka nri, nnyefe ego, mmemme nri na-edozi ahụ, ọrụ nlekọta ahụike, na ntinye aka mmiri na ịdị ọcha. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Somalia reaching a 'tipping point' as signs of malnutrition among children worsen|url=https://www.savethechildren.net/article/somalia-reaching-tipping-point-signs-malnutrition-among-children-worsen|work=Save the Children International|date=21 February 2017}}</ref>
|O nyere aka belata ọnwụ, gbochie ntiwapụ nke ọrịa ma gbochie ụnwụ nri n'ógbè ndị kachasị emetụta.
|-
|11 Mee 2017
|Na Nzukọ London na Somalia, ndị na-enye onyinye mba ụwa kwere nkwa enyemaka enyemaka enyemaka enyemaka na mmepe, gụnyere € 200 nde site na European Union. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Londoner Konferenz sagt Somalia Millionenhilfe zu|url=https://www.dw.com/de/londoner-konferenz-sagt-somalia-millionenhilfe-zu/a-38802505|work=DW|date=11 May 2017}}</ref>
|Mmụba ego kwadoro ọrụ enyemaka mberede na atụmatụ mgbake ogologo oge.
|-
|Ọkara afọ 2017
|Ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 6.2 chọrọ enyemaka enyemaka, ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 2.9 nwere oke nsogbu nri, ihe karịrị mmadụ 900,000 agbaala ọsọ.<ref name="HIUpublicdomain" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/hundreds-of-thousands-of-somalis-displaced-by-drought-conflict/3961865.html|title=Hundreds of Thousands of Somalis Displaced by Drought, Conflict|publisher=Voice of America|date=30 July 2017}}</ref>
|Ọ nọchitere anya ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke nsogbu enyemaka na otu n'ime ọnọdụ mberede kachasị ukwuu na Somalia kemgbe ụnwụ nri 2011.
|-
|Ná ngwụsị afọ 2017
|Enyemaka na-aga n'ihu, nhazi ka mma na mmiri ozuzo dị mma n'ebe ụfọdụ belatara ihe ize ndụ nke ụnwụ nri ozugbo.<ref name="HIUpublicdomain" />
|Somalia zere ụnwụ nri mba niile n'agbanyeghị oke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.
|-
|2018
|Mmiri ozuzo ka mma n'April-June kwadoro mgbake nke ihe ọkụkụ na ịta ahịhịa, ebe enyemaka enyemaka na-aga n'ihu maka obodo ndị metụtara.
|E gosipụtara mgbanwe site na nzaghachi mberede gaa na mgbake, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nde nọgidere na-enwe nsogbu n'ihi ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na ndị na-ebi ndụ.
|}
== Hụkwa ==
* Oké ọkọchị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka n'afọ 2011
* Ụnwụ nri South Sudan na 2017
* Oké ọkọchị nke Horn of Africa (2020-dị ugbu a)
* Oké ọkọchị nke Somalia (2021-dị ugbu a)
* Nchebe nri
* Nchebe mmiri
== Edensịbịa ==
<templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>
== Njikọ mpụga ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>
* [https://www.savethechildren.net/news/somalia/t-304 SaveTheChildren: Somalia]
* [https://unsom.unmissions.org/ Ọrụ Enyemaka nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Somalia]
* [https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/hunger-ostafrika-101.html Agụụụ na Ostafrika - ein Nsogbu für alle], (German)
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
72oh631b5w626oro1ic57lde70h2od2
Idei Mmiri nke Etiopia na 2016
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Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370164864|2016 Ethiopian flood]]"
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N'afọ 2016, nnukwu [[idei mmiri]] dakwasịrị [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]], na-ahapụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 200 nwụrụ na ihe karịrị mmadụ 200,000 enweghị ebe obibi ka mmiri ozuzo na-abịa n'oge na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/ethiopia-28-people-killed-in-floods-in-remote-regions/3269777.html|title=Ethiopia: 28 People Killed in Floods in Remote Regions|date=5 April 2016|publisher=VOA|accessdate=14 June 2016}}</ref> Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ọnwụ ndị a mere n'obodo Jijiga ebe n'ebe ndị ọzọ, a kọrọ na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na-atụ anya idei mmiri ọzọ n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole sochirinụ.<ref name="aljazeera">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/04/deadly-floods-hit-ethiopia-160406101102909.html|title=Flood killed 28 people in Ethiopia|date=6 April 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|accessdate=3 April 2016}}</ref> A na-akọ na idei mmiri ahụ dị elu karịa nke idei mmiri ndị ọzọ karịa nke afọ ndị gara aga.
== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
=== Idei Mmiri na Etiopia ===
Ethiopia nwere ahụmịhe dị ukwuu na idei mmiri na idei mmiri. A makwaara afọ idei mmiri nke akụkọ ihe mere eme (1988, 1996, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2012, na 2016) na mba ahụ dị ka ihe omume La Niήa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Melesse|first=Assefa M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H46gDwAAQBAJ&dq=flood+in+the+country+were+also+known+as+La+Ni%CE%AEa+episodes.&pg=PA381|title=Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation|date=2019-07-03|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-815999-6|language=en}}</ref>
=== Nkọwa nke Ógbè Iju Mmiri ===
[[Faịlụ:Basin_map_of_Ethiopia_with_flood-prone_extents.png|thumb|Map nke ọdọ mmiri nke Etiopia nke nwere oke idei mmiri.]]
Ethiopia nwere ọdọ mmiri iri na abụọ, nke asatọ n'ime ha bụ ọdọ mmiri, otu bụ ọdọ mmiri nwere osimiri na-adịgide adịgide na atọ bụ ọdọ mmiri kpọrọ nkụ. Ọtụtụ nnukwu osimiri na-agafe ókèala na ókèala. Ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ọdọ mmiri ndị a na-emetụta idei mmiri na idei mmiri.
=== Ọnọdụ Iju Mmiri ===
Njirimara nke nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na nkesa, yana ọnọdụ nke mgbanwe mmiri (ihe mmiri dị n'ala, mmiri dị n"okpuru ala na mmiri dị n n'elu), na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mgbanwe anụ ahụ nke ihe ndị metụtara idei mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Guan|first=DongJie|date=2011-10-01|title=Modeling urban land use change by the integration of cellular automaton and Markov model|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380011004698|journal=Ecological Modelling|language=en|volume=222|issue=20|pages=3761–3772|doi=10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.09.009|issn=0304-3800}}</ref>
=== Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na Iju Mmiri ===
Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, a na-ejikọta ihe omume La Nina na mmiri ozuzo dị elu karịa nke a na-ahụkarị n'etiti June na Septemba na etiti ugwu Ethiopia, na-eduga na idei mmiri. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, ihe omume La Nina ndị a na Etiopia bu ụzọ site na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke ihe omume El Nino.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Rosenzweig|first=Cynthia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-UbmSxLWlUC&dq=ROSENZWEIG%2C+C.+&pg=PR5|title=Climate Variability and the Global Harvest: Impacts of El Niño and Other Oscillations on Agro-Ecosystems|date=2008-01-07|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-803147-5|language=en}}</ref>
* Ihe omume El Nino
* Ihe omume Nina
=== Iju Mmiri nke Ethiopia na 2016 ===
N'afọ 2016, ụfọdụ ebe dị na Horn of Africa nwere idei mmiri na-esote ihe omume El Nino (oké ọkọchị) nke afọ 2015. Na Etiopia, ihe mere na idei mmiri nke afọ 2016 mere na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo Kiremt ma kpatara ọtụtụ idei mmiri, mbuze, na oke osimiri na mpaghara Lower Omo Valley, Dire Dawa, Amhara, Afar, Somali, Tigray, Gambella, Oromia, na Harari.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Li|first=Tim|date=2020-08-12|title=Regional Climates|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|language=EN|volume=101|issue=8|pages=S321–S420|doi=10.1175/2020BAMSStateoftheClimate_Chapter7.1|issn=0003-0007}}</ref>
== Mmetụta ala na nke anụ ahụ ==
Ọtụtụ puku mmadụ bi n’ebe idei mmiri metụtara enweghị ebe obibi ma ọ bụ nri zuru oke, ma ha na-eche ihu n’ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike, tinyere ihe ize ndụ nke ibute ọrịa. Idei mmiri ahụ gbakwụnyere n’ịkpata ọnwụ nke anụ ụlọ na ibibi nnukwu mpaghara ala ubi. [citation needed]
=== Mmetụta Mmetụta Na Mmiri ===
Dị ka NAPA (2011) si kwuo, mgbanwe ihu igwe ga-emetụta ngalaba akụ mmiri site n’ibelata mmiri na-asọba n’osimiri,[1] ibelata mmepụta ume, yana ịba ụba nke idei mmiri na ụkọ mmiri. N’ihi nke a, gburugburu ebe obibi, nke bụ isi iyi mmiri ozuzo na akụ mmiri, ga-emetụtakwa. Ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ga-emetụta ndụ ndị dị n’ime mmiri site n’imebi ogo na oke mmiri dị n’ime ọdọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ebe mmiri.[citation needed]
=== Mmetụta ọ na-enwe n'inweta nri ===
N’ihi ọdịda mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na ụkọ mmiri, mba ahụ na-enwe mbelata n’mmepụta nri n’akụkụ dị iche iche. O yikarịrị ka mmụba nke ọdachi ihu igwe siri ike, mmụba nke nkụ nke ala, mbelata mmiri ozuzo, mbelata ihe onwunwe ahịhịa maka anụ ụlọ, na mbelata mmiri dị n’ala ga-eme ka ọnọdụ ahụ ka njọ. Ịnweta nri aghọọla nnukwu ihe mgbochi nye ọtụtụ nde ezinụlọ n’ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Etiopia n’ihi ugboro ugboro nke ụkọ mmiri na ọdịiche dị n’oke mmiri ozuzo. Ezinụlọ ndị na-ejikọta ọrụ ugbo na ịzụ anụ ụlọ, yana ezinụlọ ndị na-azụ anụ ụlọ naanị, bụ ndị na-adabere n’anụ ụlọ maka ibi ndụ ha, na-enwekwa nnukwu mfu nke ihe onwunwe n’oge ụkọ mmiri.[citation needed]
=== Mmetụta na Settlement na Infrastructure ===
Mgbanwe ihu igwe, gụnyere ihe omume ndị siri ike dị ka oké ifufe, idei mmiri na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-adịgide adịgide, enweela mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na ebe obibi na akụrụngwa.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|author=Raymond, C.|title=Understanding and managing connected extreme events|journal=Nature Climate Change|year=2020|volume=10|issue=7|pages=611–621|doi=10.1038/s41558-020-0790-4}}</ref> N'ezie, maka ndị na-eme atụmatụ obodo, a na-atụkarị anya na nnukwu egwu maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'ógbè dị iche iche nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na mgbanwe na-esite na ọdachi ndị na-amalite ngwa ngwa na ndị a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta dịka oke mmiri ozuzo, idei mmiri na Oké ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ (Freeman, 2003). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Settlements, industry and infrastructure|url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch9s9-4-8.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219023821/https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch9s9-4-8.html|archivedate=2019-12-19}}</ref> Mmetụta ọjọọ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike ịmepụta ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ọhụrụ, ndị nwere ike ịkwaga n'ime ebe obibi ọhụrụ, chọọ ụzọ ndụ ọhụrụ ma tinye ihe ndị ọzọ achọrọ na akụrụngwa (IPCC, 2007). <ref name=":5" />
== Mmetụta N'Oké Mfe na Etiopia ==
Idei mmiri na Etiopia nwere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya; ndị a gụnyere mmetụta nke mmetọ na gburugburu ebe ahụ na mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ụba nke mmebi ụlọ ndị mmadụ na ihe onwunwe akụ na ụba.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Demissie|first=Biadgilgn|date=2021|title=Flood hazard in a semi-closed basin in northern Ethiopia: Impact and resilience|journal=Geo: Geography and Environment|language=en|volume=8|issue=2|doi=10.1002/geo2.100|issn=2054-4049}}</ref>
=== Mgbukpọ ndị mmadụ na ihe onwunwe ===
Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ e nwetara si kwuo, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ezinụlọ 20,000 chụpụrụ n’ebe obibi ha na Etiopia n’afọ 2016 n’ihi idei mmiri na ọdachi ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche mere n’akụkụ dị iche iche nke mba ahụ. Oké mmiri ozuzo kpatara idei mmiri na mbuze ala na mpaghara Oromia na mpaghara ndịda mba ahụ, nke butere ọnwụ mmadụ opekata mpe 202. Ihe karịrị otu puku anụ ụlọ nwụkwara, ebe hectare 559 nke ala a kụrụ ihe ọkụkụ mebiri emebi.[1]
=== Ime ka ihe na-esi n'oké ọkọchị pụta ===
Oké ọkọchị na idei mmiri nke otu afọ ahụ metụtara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngalaba niile dị na Etiopia, na ọnwụ nke ihe ọkụkụ na anụ ụlọ na mmetụta nke mbelata mmiri dị ịrịba ama.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taye|first=Meron|title=Ethiopia's future is tied to water – a vital yet threatened resource in a changing climate|date=22 August 2019|doi=10.64628/AAJ.udtg33kf5|url=https://theconversation.com/ethiopias-future-is-tied-to-water-a-vital-yet-threatened-resource-in-a-changing-climate-121844|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822131642/http://theconversation.com/ethiopias-future-is-tied-to-water-a-vital-yet-threatened-resource-in-a-changing-climate-121844|archivedate=2019-08-22}}</ref> N'etiti ha, mpaghara Tigray, Afar na Somalia metụtara nke ukwuu, ebe ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ kpatara ọnwụ nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 50% nke anụ ụlọ na mpaghara ahụ ma metụta 24%, 25% na 21% nke ndị bi na ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mera|first=Getachew Alem|date=December 2018|title=Drought and its impacts in Ethiopia|journal=Weather and Climate Extremes|volume=22|pages=24–35|doi=10.1016/j.wace.2018.10.002|issn=2212-0947}}</ref>
=== Inye Aka N'Iwu Mgbasa Ọrịa ===
Idei mmiri na Etiopia na-edugakarị ọrịa na-efe efe, ọrịa ndị na-ebute ọrịa, nsogbu na-edozi ahụ, nsogbu ahụike uche na mmebi nke akụrụngwa ahụike. Idei mmiri na-eme ka mgbasa nke [[Afọ ọsịsa|ọrịa afọ ọsịsa]] ka njọ n'ihi adịghị ọcha, mmiri na-ezughị ezu na nlekota na nchọpụta na-adịghị mma. N'otu oge ahụ, idei mmiri enweela mmetụta kpọmkwem na usoro ọrịa na-efe efe nke [[Iba|ịba]] na Etiopia n'ihi na ha na-emepụta ọtụtụ ebe anwụnta na-amụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wakuma Abaya|first=Samson|date=2009-10-28|title=Floods and health in Gambella region, Ethiopia: a qualitative assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of coping mechanisms|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v2i0.2019|journal=Global Health Action|volume=2|issue=1|pages=2019|doi=10.3402/gha.v2i0.2019|pmid=20027252|issn=1654-9716}}</ref>
== Mmetụta Ahụike Na-emetụta Ndị Etiopia ==
Mwakpo nke idei mmiri na-eweta nnukwu ihe egwu maka ahụike nke ndị Etiopia. Ihe atụ gụnyere ọnwụ, mmerụ ahụ, ọrịa na-efe efe, ọrịa na'adịghị ebute ọrịa, ahụike na-adịghị ebute na nri na-edozi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Alderman|first=Katarzyna|date=2012-10-15|title=Floods and human health: A systematic review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412012001237|journal=Environment International|language=en|volume=47|pages=37–47|doi=10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.003|pmid=22750033|issn=0160-4120}}</ref>
=== Mmetụta dị mkpirikpi: Uto nje bacteria ===
N'oge idei mmiri, a na-agbanwe ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi mgbe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo gasịrị, dịka ọmụmaatụ, okpomọkụ, iru mmiri na ahịhịa dị n'elu. Mgbanwe ndị a nwere ike ịkwado uto nke pathogens. N'ihi ya, pathogens nwere ike ịgbasa ngwa ngwa site na mmiri emetọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=de Man|first=H.|date=January 2014|title=Quantitative assessment of infection risk from exposure to waterborne pathogens in urban floodwater|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.022|journal=Water Research|volume=48|pages=90–99|doi=10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.022|pmid=24095592|issn=0043-1354}}</ref> Tinyere ihe isi ike nke ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha nke ụlọ ọrụ nhicha dị ọcha na mmiri dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha ka mma, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ibufe ọrịa na-abawanye ọzọ.<ref name=":0" />
==== Ọrịa ọsịsa na ịba ====
Nsogbu nke oke afọ ọsịsa mmiri mgbe idei mmiri ahụ gasịrị ka njọ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, mbibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmiri, na obere ịdị ọcha. N'oge idei mmiri, enwere ike ịmanye ndị mmadụ ịṅụ mmiri na-adịghị ọcha (dịka mmiri na-emetọ emetọ) iji dịrị ndụ. Mmiri na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ dịka nsị mmadụ na anụmanụ na ozu anụmanụ site n'elu mmiri, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-efe efe bụrụ ndị na-adịghị ike maka ntiwapụ.<ref name=":1" />
==== Nsogbu Nri Na-edozi Ahụ ====
Ethiopia nwere oke nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ, ọkachasị n'etiti ụmụaka, na 46% stunting.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Wasihun|first=Araya Gebreyesus|date=2018-11-26|title=Risk factors for diarrhoea and malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years in the Tigray Region of Northern Ethiopia|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=13|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0207743|issn=1932-6203|pmid=30475875}}</ref> Ihe ọkụkụ na idei mmiri tara ahụhụ site na ụkọ nri na mpaghara ahụ mgbe idei mmiri ahụ gasịrị, na-eduga na nsogbu na-edozi ahụ n'etiti ndị mmadụ.<ref name=":1" />
=== Mmetụta na-adịte aka: Enweghị ike ịlụso ọrịa ọgụ n'etiti ndị bi na ya ===
Nsogbu na-edozi ahụ na ọnwụ afọ ọsịsa nwere njikọ chiri anya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Mazumder|first=Ramindra N.|title=Effect of Energy Dense Diet on Clinical Course of Acute Shigellosis in Undernourished Children|date=August 1998|journal=Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition|volume=27|issue=2|pages=261|doi=10.1097/00005176-199808000-00101|issn=0277-2116}}</ref> Nke a bụ ajọ okirikiri n'ihi na nsogbu na-edozi ahụ na-eduga na adịghị ike na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, na n'aka nke ọzọ afọ ọsịsa na-edughi n'ihi mbelata ike na-eri na mal absorption.<ref name=":2" /> Ikike maka ọrịa ndị na-ebute mmiri na-akawanye njọ site na mbelata ike nke ndị mmadụ n'ihi ụkọ nri na ọnọdụ ndụ nwa oge, yana mmebi nke mmiri ọṅụṅụ na-adịghị mma.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Wakuma Abaya|first=Samson|date=2009-11-11|title=Floods and health in Gambella region, Ethiopia: a qualitative assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of coping mechanisms|url=https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v2i0.2019|journal=Global Health Action|volume=2|issue=1|pages=2019|doi=10.3402/gha.v2i0.2019|issn=1654-9716|pmid=20027252}}</ref> Mba ndị dara ogbenye na ndị laghachiri azụ chọrọ oge iji wughachi ụlọ mgbe ọdachi ahụ gasịrị, a pụghịkwa ijide n'aka na ndụ dị mma nke ndị Etiopia n'oge.
== Nzaghachi ==
=== Nzaghachi Obodo ===
National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMCC) rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa. <ref name=":02" /> Ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ na mba gụnyere Ethiopian Red Cross Society (ERCS), National Flood Task Forces (FTF), National Meteorological Agency (NMA), Ethiopia Humanitarian Country Team (EHCT), Ethiopia Humanitaarian Fund (EHF) na alaka ndị ọzọ nke National Society.
ERCS bụ ọrụ ịkwado NDRMC site na izipu ngwaahịa NFI (ebe mgbaba mberede na ihe ndị dị n'ụlọ) na mpaghara ndị metụtara (lee Tebụl 1) na ịmepụta ìgwè nyocha ngwa ngwa n'ime ebe ndị dị ize ndụ, yana nyochaa amụma ihu igwe NMA na ọnọdụ ahụike dị mkpa n'etiti obodo site n'enyemaka nke alaka National Society.<ref name=":02" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tebụl 1: Nkesa nke ihe 800 nke NFI (blankets, mat na-ehi ụra, ncha ahụ, ncha ịsa ákwà, tarpaulins, arịa kichin)
!Mpaghara
!Ihe ndị a na-eme n'oge a
!Ụbọchị
!Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe eji eme ihe NFI
|-
|Somalia
|Jijiga
|Eprel 8
|200 HH kits (jupụtara)
|-
|Oromia
|Arsi
|Eprel 24
|Ngwá ọrụ 200 HH
|-
|SNNPR
|Gurage
|25 Eprel
|Ngwá ọrụ 200 HH
|-
|SNNPR
|Silita
|26 Eprel
|Ngwá ọrụ 200 HH
|}
N'ọnwa Eprel 2016, FTF wepụtara ịdọ aka ná ntị maka idei mmiri iji chetara ndị mmadụ oke ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethiopia: 2016 Belg National Flood Contingency Plan - Snapshot (as of 4 May 2016) - Ethiopia|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-2016-belg-national-flood-contingency-plan-snapshot-4-may-2016|accessdate=2021-10-23|work=ReliefWeb|date=11 May 2016|language=en}}</ref>
Na 2 Septemba 2016, EHCT wepụtara atụmatụ jikọrọ aka iji nyere aka ịgwọ oke afọ ọsịsa mmiri (AWD) na Ethiopia, na EHF na-enye nde dollar 5.4 na nzaghachi maka ego AWD chọrọ.
=== Nzaghachi Mba Nile ===
Ndị mmekọ Red Cross Red Crescent Movement gụnyere [https://www.ifrc.org/ IFRC], ICRC, Austrian RC, Swiss RC, Spanish RC, Canada RC, NLRC, na Swedish RC na ndị mmekọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere IOM, UNICEF, IRC, Save the children international (SCI) na Gọọmentị nke Ethiopia (GoE) sonyere na nzaghachi maka ọdachi a n'ụzọ dị mma. Ha ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi kọọ ihe ize ndụ ndị a na nkwado ndị kwekọrọ na IFRC, ICRC na PNS na-ekere òkè na nzukọ nhazi mgbe niile.<ref name=":02" />
== Ihe Ndị A mụtara Site na Ọdachi ahụ ==
=== Ịdọ Aka ná Ntị na Nnyocha Nzaghachi ===
Na mbido Eprel 2016, National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC), Early Warning and Response Directorate dọrọ aka ná ntị na idei mmiri nwere ike ime n'ebe idei mmiri nwere nnukwu ohere na mpaghara ndịda na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-atụ anya idei mmiri na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, etiti na ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke mba ahụ. N'iburu n'uche ọnụnọ nke mmetụta El Niño na mmiri ozuzo a na-atụ anya ya karịa nke ọma n'oge belg, ihe ize ndụ nke ọkụ na idei mmiri dị elu. Iji chetara na ndị ọrụ ahụ kwesịrị ime ihe kwesịrị ekwesị tupu oge eruo iji belata mmetụta nke ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri na mpaghara ndị ahụ.<ref name=":03" />
NDRMC eruola ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị 258,136 MAM na woredas abụọ kachasị mkpa nke mba ahụ. Ya mere, ịdọ aka ná ntị na nyocha nzaghachi sitere na NDRMC nwere ike inye aka n'ibelata mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọdachi.<ref name=":03" />
=== Imeziwanye Ebe Nchekwa Mmiri maka Ugbo ===
N'ebe ụfọdụ, nnukwu ọdịda a tụrụ anya ya ga-akwado ọrụ ugbo nke oge ahụ, ọkachasị maka ihe ọkụkụ ogologo oge. N'ezie, ngalaba ahụ na ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere ike ime ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iji jiri mmiri a tụrụ anya ya mee ihe nke ọma.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC), Early Warning and Response Directorate: Early Warning and Response Analysis - April 2016 - Ethiopia|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/national-disaster-risk-management-commission-ndrmc-early-warning-and-response|accessdate=2021-10-27|work=ReliefWeb|date=12 May 2016|language=en}}</ref>
Ya mere, Gọọmentị Etiopia na-eme atụmatụ iwu ihe mgbochi mmiri ọhụrụ abụọ iji belata idei mmiri na-ebibi ihe na-eme ugboro ugboro na ọkara nke abụọ nke afọ 2016. Mkpebi ahụ na-abịa naanị ọnwa ole na ole mgbe idei mmiri mebiri mba ahụ, na-akpata ihe ruru otu narị ọnwụ ma na-akpụ ọtụtụ iri puku mmadụ. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe mmụta dị mkpa nke ọdachi idei mmiri wetara ndị Etiopia.
=== Ihe ịma aka nke Humanitarian Fund na Financial Requirements ===
Ego enyemaka nke Ethiopia (EHF) nyere aka na nzaghachi zuru oke, na-akwado atụmatụ na ihe ndị dị mkpa nke ndị otu / ngalaba mepụtara. N'afọ 2016, ntiwapụ nke AWD kara njọ n'ihi idei mmiri n'ọnwa Eprel-Mee nke metụtara mmadụ 480,000, nke 190,000 n'ime ha gbara ọsọ ndụ. Na mgbakwunye, ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-efe efe na-eme ka nrụgide na usoro ahụike siri ike. N'ozuzu, ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 3.6 na Etiopia chọrọ enyemaka ahụike mberede.<ref name=":3" />
Ihe achọrọ ego nọgidere na-adị elu n'ofe ngalaba niile n'afọ 2016. E dezigharịrị ngụkọta ihe achọrọ nke Humanitarian Requirements Document (HRD). Enweghị ego zuru oke na-eweta ihe ịma aka maka ọrụ ebere dị irè. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Ethiopia Humanitarian Fund (EHF) Annual Report 2016 - Ethiopia|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-humanitarian-fund-ehf-annual-report-2016|accessdate=2021-10-27|work=ReliefWeb|date=19 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ya mere, ego enyemaka nke Ethiopia nwere ike ịchọ nkwado ọzọ n'ọdịnihu.
== Ihe odide ==
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N'afọ 2016, nnukwu [[idei mmiri]] dakwasịrị [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]], na-ahapụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 200 nwụrụ na ihe karịrị mmadụ 200,000 enweghị ebe obibi ka mmiri ozuzo na-abịa n'oge na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/ethiopia-28-people-killed-in-floods-in-remote-regions/3269777.html|title=Ethiopia: 28 People Killed in Floods in Remote Regions|date=5 April 2016|publisher=VOA|accessdate=14 June 2016}}</ref> Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ọnwụ ndị a mere n'obodo Jijiga ebe n'ebe ndị ọzọ, a kọrọ na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na-atụ anya idei mmiri ọzọ n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole sochirinụ.<ref name="aljazeera">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/04/deadly-floods-hit-ethiopia-160406101102909.html|title=Flood killed 28 people in Ethiopia|date=6 April 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|accessdate=3 April 2016}}</ref> A na-akọ na idei mmiri ahụ dị elu karịa nke idei mmiri ndị ọzọ karịa nke afọ ndị gara aga.
== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
=== Idei Mmiri na Etiopia ===
Ethiopia nwere ahụmịhe dị ukwuu na idei mmiri na idei mmiri. A makwaara afọ idei mmiri nke akụkọ ihe mere eme (1988, 1996, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2012, na 2016) na mba ahụ dị ka ihe omume La Niήa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Melesse|first=Assefa M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H46gDwAAQBAJ&dq=flood+in+the+country+were+also+known+as+La+Ni%CE%AEa+episodes.&pg=PA381|title=Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation|date=2019-07-03|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-815999-6|language=en}}</ref>
=== Nkọwa nke Ógbè Iju Mmiri ===
[[Faịlụ:Basin_map_of_Ethiopia_with_flood-prone_extents.png|thumb|Map nke ọdọ mmiri nke Etiopia nke nwere oke idei mmiri.]]
Ethiopia nwere ọdọ mmiri iri na abụọ, nke asatọ n'ime ha bụ ọdọ mmiri, otu bụ ọdọ mmiri nwere osimiri na-adịgide adịgide na atọ bụ ọdọ mmiri kpọrọ nkụ. Ọtụtụ nnukwu osimiri na-agafe ókèala na ókèala. Ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ọdọ mmiri ndị a na-emetụta idei mmiri na idei mmiri.
=== Ọnọdụ Iju Mmiri ===
Njirimara nke nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na nkesa, yana ọnọdụ nke mgbanwe mmiri (ihe mmiri dị n'ala, mmiri dị n"okpuru ala na mmiri dị n n'elu), na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mgbanwe anụ ahụ nke ihe ndị metụtara idei mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Guan|first=DongJie|date=2011-10-01|title=Modeling urban land use change by the integration of cellular automaton and Markov model|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380011004698|journal=Ecological Modelling|language=en|volume=222|issue=20|pages=3761–3772|doi=10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.09.009|issn=0304-3800}}</ref>
=== Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na Iju Mmiri ===
Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, a na-ejikọta ihe omume La Nina na mmiri ozuzo dị elu karịa nke a na-ahụkarị n'etiti June na Septemba na etiti ugwu Ethiopia, na-eduga na idei mmiri. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, ihe omume La Nina ndị a na Etiopia bu ụzọ site na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke ihe omume El Nino.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Rosenzweig|first=Cynthia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-UbmSxLWlUC&dq=ROSENZWEIG%2C+C.+&pg=PR5|title=Climate Variability and the Global Harvest: Impacts of El Niño and Other Oscillations on Agro-Ecosystems|date=2008-01-07|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-803147-5|language=en}}</ref>
* Ihe omume El Nino
* Ihe omume Nina
=== Iju Mmiri nke Ethiopia na 2016 ===
N'afọ 2016, ụfọdụ ebe dị na Horn of Africa nwere idei mmiri na-esote ihe omume El Nino (oké ọkọchị) nke afọ 2015. Na Etiopia, ihe mere na idei mmiri nke afọ 2016 mere na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo Kiremt ma kpatara ọtụtụ idei mmiri, mbuze, na oke osimiri na mpaghara Lower Omo Valley, Dire Dawa, Amhara, Afar, Somali, Tigray, Gambella, Oromia, na Harari.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Li|first=Tim|date=2020-08-12|title=Regional Climates|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|language=EN|volume=101|issue=8|pages=S321–S420|doi=10.1175/2020BAMSStateoftheClimate_Chapter7.1|issn=0003-0007}}</ref>
== Mmetụta ala na nke anụ ahụ ==
Ọtụtụ puku mmadụ bi n’ebe idei mmiri metụtara enweghị ebe obibi ma ọ bụ nri zuru oke, ma ha na-eche ihu n’ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike, tinyere ihe ize ndụ nke ibute ọrịa. Idei mmiri ahụ gbakwụnyere n’ịkpata ọnwụ nke anụ ụlọ na ibibi nnukwu mpaghara ala ubi. [citation needed]
=== Mmetụta Mmetụta Na Mmiri ===
Dị ka NAPA (2011) si kwuo, mgbanwe ihu igwe ga-emetụta ngalaba akụ mmiri site n’ibelata mmiri na-asọba n’osimiri,[1] ibelata mmepụta ume, yana ịba ụba nke idei mmiri na ụkọ mmiri. N’ihi nke a, gburugburu ebe obibi, nke bụ isi iyi mmiri ozuzo na akụ mmiri, ga-emetụtakwa. Ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ga-emetụta ndụ ndị dị n’ime mmiri site n’imebi ogo na oke mmiri dị n’ime ọdọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ebe mmiri.[citation needed]
=== Mmetụta ọ na-enwe n'inweta nri ===
N’ihi ọdịda mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na ụkọ mmiri, mba ahụ na-enwe mbelata n’mmepụta nri n’akụkụ dị iche iche. O yikarịrị ka mmụba nke ọdachi ihu igwe siri ike, mmụba nke nkụ nke ala, mbelata mmiri ozuzo, mbelata ihe onwunwe ahịhịa maka anụ ụlọ, na mbelata mmiri dị n’ala ga-eme ka ọnọdụ ahụ ka njọ. Ịnweta nri aghọọla nnukwu ihe mgbochi nye ọtụtụ nde ezinụlọ n’ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Etiopia n’ihi ugboro ugboro nke ụkọ mmiri na ọdịiche dị n’oke mmiri ozuzo. Ezinụlọ ndị na-ejikọta ọrụ ugbo na ịzụ anụ ụlọ, yana ezinụlọ ndị na-azụ anụ ụlọ naanị, bụ ndị na-adabere n’anụ ụlọ maka ibi ndụ ha, na-enwekwa nnukwu mfu nke ihe onwunwe n’oge ụkọ mmiri.[citation needed]
=== Mmetụta na Settlement na Infrastructure ===
Mgbanwe ihu igwe, gụnyere ihe omume ndị siri ike dị ka oké ifufe, idei mmiri na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-adịgide adịgide, enweela mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na ebe obibi na akụrụngwa.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|author=Raymond, C.|title=Understanding and managing connected extreme events|journal=Nature Climate Change|year=2020|volume=10|issue=7|pages=611–621|doi=10.1038/s41558-020-0790-4}}</ref> N'ezie, maka ndị na-eme atụmatụ obodo, a na-atụkarị anya na nnukwu egwu maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'ógbè dị iche iche nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na mgbanwe na-esite na ọdachi ndị na-amalite ngwa ngwa na ndị a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta dịka oke mmiri ozuzo, idei mmiri na Oké ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ (Freeman, 2003). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Settlements, industry and infrastructure|url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch9s9-4-8.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219023821/https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch9s9-4-8.html|archivedate=2019-12-19}}</ref> Mmetụta ọjọọ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike ịmepụta ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ọhụrụ, ndị nwere ike ịkwaga n'ime ebe obibi ọhụrụ, chọọ ụzọ ndụ ọhụrụ ma tinye ihe ndị ọzọ achọrọ na akụrụngwa (IPCC, 2007). <ref name=":5" />
== Mmetụta N'Oké Mfe na Etiopia ==
Idei mmiri na Etiopia nwere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya; ndị a gụnyere mmetụta nke mmetọ na gburugburu ebe ahụ na mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ụba nke mmebi ụlọ ndị mmadụ na ihe onwunwe akụ na ụba.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Demissie|first=Biadgilgn|date=2021|title=Flood hazard in a semi-closed basin in northern Ethiopia: Impact and resilience|journal=Geo: Geography and Environment|language=en|volume=8|issue=2|doi=10.1002/geo2.100|issn=2054-4049}}</ref>
=== Mgbukpọ ndị mmadụ na ihe onwunwe ===
Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ e nwetara si kwuo, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ezinụlọ 20,000 chụpụrụ n’ebe obibi ha na Etiopia n’afọ 2016 n’ihi idei mmiri na ọdachi ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche mere n’akụkụ dị iche iche nke mba ahụ. Oké mmiri ozuzo kpatara idei mmiri na mbuze ala na mpaghara Oromia na mpaghara ndịda mba ahụ, nke butere ọnwụ mmadụ opekata mpe 202. Ihe karịrị otu puku anụ ụlọ nwụkwara, ebe hectare 559 nke ala a kụrụ ihe ọkụkụ mebiri emebi.[1]
=== Ime ka ihe na-esi n'oké ọkọchị pụta ===
Oké ọkọchị na idei mmiri nke otu afọ ahụ metụtara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngalaba niile dị na Etiopia, na ọnwụ nke ihe ọkụkụ na anụ ụlọ na mmetụta nke mbelata mmiri dị ịrịba ama.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taye|first=Meron|title=Ethiopia's future is tied to water – a vital yet threatened resource in a changing climate|date=22 August 2019|doi=10.64628/AAJ.udtg33kf5|url=https://theconversation.com/ethiopias-future-is-tied-to-water-a-vital-yet-threatened-resource-in-a-changing-climate-121844|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822131642/http://theconversation.com/ethiopias-future-is-tied-to-water-a-vital-yet-threatened-resource-in-a-changing-climate-121844|archivedate=2019-08-22}}</ref> N'etiti ha, mpaghara Tigray, Afar na Somalia metụtara nke ukwuu, ebe ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ kpatara ọnwụ nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 50% nke anụ ụlọ na mpaghara ahụ ma metụta 24%, 25% na 21% nke ndị bi na ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mera|first=Getachew Alem|date=December 2018|title=Drought and its impacts in Ethiopia|journal=Weather and Climate Extremes|volume=22|pages=24–35|doi=10.1016/j.wace.2018.10.002|issn=2212-0947}}</ref>
=== Inye Aka N'Iwu Mgbasa Ọrịa ===
Idei mmiri na Etiopia na-edugakarị ọrịa na-efe efe, ọrịa ndị na-ebute ọrịa, nsogbu na-edozi ahụ, nsogbu ahụike uche na mmebi nke akụrụngwa ahụike. Idei mmiri na-eme ka mgbasa nke [[Afọ ọsịsa|ọrịa afọ ọsịsa]] ka njọ n'ihi adịghị ọcha, mmiri na-ezughị ezu na nlekota na nchọpụta na-adịghị mma. N'otu oge ahụ, idei mmiri enweela mmetụta kpọmkwem na usoro ọrịa na-efe efe nke [[Iba|ịba]] na Etiopia n'ihi na ha na-emepụta ọtụtụ ebe anwụnta na-amụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wakuma Abaya|first=Samson|date=2009-10-28|title=Floods and health in Gambella region, Ethiopia: a qualitative assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of coping mechanisms|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v2i0.2019|journal=Global Health Action|volume=2|issue=1|pages=2019|doi=10.3402/gha.v2i0.2019|pmid=20027252|issn=1654-9716}}</ref>
== Mmetụta Ahụike Na-emetụta Ndị Etiopia ==
Mwakpo nke idei mmiri na-eweta nnukwu ihe egwu maka ahụike nke ndị Etiopia. Ihe atụ gụnyere ọnwụ, mmerụ ahụ, ọrịa na-efe efe, ọrịa na'adịghị ebute ọrịa, ahụike na-adịghị ebute na nri na-edozi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Alderman|first=Katarzyna|date=2012-10-15|title=Floods and human health: A systematic review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412012001237|journal=Environment International|language=en|volume=47|pages=37–47|doi=10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.003|pmid=22750033|issn=0160-4120}}</ref>
=== Mmetụta dị mkpirikpi: Uto nje bacteria ===
N'oge idei mmiri, a na-agbanwe ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi mgbe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo gasịrị, dịka ọmụmaatụ, okpomọkụ, iru mmiri na ahịhịa dị n'elu. Mgbanwe ndị a nwere ike ịkwado uto nke pathogens. N'ihi ya, pathogens nwere ike ịgbasa ngwa ngwa site na mmiri emetọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=de Man|first=H.|date=January 2014|title=Quantitative assessment of infection risk from exposure to waterborne pathogens in urban floodwater|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.022|journal=Water Research|volume=48|pages=90–99|doi=10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.022|pmid=24095592|issn=0043-1354}}</ref> Tinyere ihe isi ike nke ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha nke ụlọ ọrụ nhicha dị ọcha na mmiri dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha ka mma, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ibufe ọrịa na-abawanye ọzọ.<ref name=":0" />
==== Ọrịa ọsịsa na ịba ====
Nsogbu nke oke afọ ọsịsa mmiri mgbe idei mmiri ahụ gasịrị ka njọ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, mbibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmiri, na obere ịdị ọcha. N'oge idei mmiri, enwere ike ịmanye ndị mmadụ ịṅụ mmiri na-adịghị ọcha (dịka mmiri na-emetọ emetọ) iji dịrị ndụ. Mmiri na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ dịka nsị mmadụ na anụmanụ na ozu anụmanụ site n'elu mmiri, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-efe efe bụrụ ndị na-adịghị ike maka ntiwapụ.<ref name=":1" />
==== Nsogbu Nri Na-edozi Ahụ ====
Ethiopia nwere oke nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ, ọkachasị n'etiti ụmụaka, na 46% stunting.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Wasihun|first=Araya Gebreyesus|date=2018-11-26|title=Risk factors for diarrhoea and malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years in the Tigray Region of Northern Ethiopia|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=13|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0207743|issn=1932-6203|pmid=30475875}}</ref> Ihe ọkụkụ na idei mmiri tara ahụhụ site na ụkọ nri na mpaghara ahụ mgbe idei mmiri ahụ gasịrị, na-eduga na nsogbu na-edozi ahụ n'etiti ndị mmadụ.<ref name=":1" />
=== Mmetụta na-adịte aka: Enweghị ike ịlụso ọrịa ọgụ n'etiti ndị bi na ya ===
Nsogbu na-edozi ahụ na ọnwụ afọ ọsịsa nwere njikọ chiri anya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Mazumder|first=Ramindra N.|title=Effect of Energy Dense Diet on Clinical Course of Acute Shigellosis in Undernourished Children|date=August 1998|journal=Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition|volume=27|issue=2|pages=261|doi=10.1097/00005176-199808000-00101|issn=0277-2116}}</ref> Nke a bụ ajọ okirikiri n'ihi na nsogbu na-edozi ahụ na-eduga na adịghị ike na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, na n'aka nke ọzọ afọ ọsịsa na-edughi n'ihi mbelata ike na-eri na mal absorption.<ref name=":2" /> Ikike maka ọrịa ndị na-ebute mmiri na-akawanye njọ site na mbelata ike nke ndị mmadụ n'ihi ụkọ nri na ọnọdụ ndụ nwa oge, yana mmebi nke mmiri ọṅụṅụ na-adịghị mma.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Wakuma Abaya|first=Samson|date=2009-11-11|title=Floods and health in Gambella region, Ethiopia: a qualitative assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of coping mechanisms|url=https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v2i0.2019|journal=Global Health Action|volume=2|issue=1|pages=2019|doi=10.3402/gha.v2i0.2019|issn=1654-9716|pmid=20027252}}</ref> Mba ndị dara ogbenye na ndị laghachiri azụ chọrọ oge iji wughachi ụlọ mgbe ọdachi ahụ gasịrị, a pụghịkwa ijide n'aka na ndụ dị mma nke ndị Etiopia n'oge.
== Nzaghachi ==
=== Nzaghachi Obodo ===
National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMCC) rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa. <ref name=":02" /> Ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ na mba gụnyere Ethiopian Red Cross Society (ERCS), National Flood Task Forces (FTF), National Meteorological Agency (NMA), Ethiopia Humanitarian Country Team (EHCT), Ethiopia Humanitaarian Fund (EHF) na alaka ndị ọzọ nke National Society.
ERCS bụ ọrụ ịkwado NDRMC site na izipu ngwaahịa NFI (ebe mgbaba mberede na ihe ndị dị n'ụlọ) na mpaghara ndị metụtara (lee Tebụl 1) na ịmepụta ìgwè nyocha ngwa ngwa n'ime ebe ndị dị ize ndụ, yana nyochaa amụma ihu igwe NMA na ọnọdụ ahụike dị mkpa n'etiti obodo site n'enyemaka nke alaka National Society.<ref name=":02" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tebụl 1: Nkesa nke ihe 800 nke NFI (blankets, mat na-ehi ụra, ncha ahụ, ncha ịsa ákwà, tarpaulins, arịa kichin)
!Mpaghara
!Ihe ndị a na-eme n'oge a
!Ụbọchị
!Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe eji eme ihe NFI
|-
|Somalia
|Jijiga
|Eprel 8
|200 HH kits (jupụtara)
|-
|Oromia
|Arsi
|Eprel 24
|Ngwá ọrụ 200 HH
|-
|SNNPR
|Gurage
|25 Eprel
|Ngwá ọrụ 200 HH
|-
|SNNPR
|Silita
|26 Eprel
|Ngwá ọrụ 200 HH
|}
N'ọnwa Eprel 2016, FTF wepụtara ịdọ aka ná ntị maka idei mmiri iji chetara ndị mmadụ oke ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethiopia: 2016 Belg National Flood Contingency Plan - Snapshot (as of 4 May 2016) - Ethiopia|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-2016-belg-national-flood-contingency-plan-snapshot-4-may-2016|accessdate=2021-10-23|work=ReliefWeb|date=11 May 2016|language=en}}</ref>
Na 2 Septemba 2016, EHCT wepụtara atụmatụ jikọrọ aka iji nyere aka ịgwọ oke afọ ọsịsa mmiri (AWD) na Ethiopia, na EHF na-enye nde dollar 5.4 na nzaghachi maka ego AWD chọrọ.
=== Nzaghachi Mba Nile ===
Ndị mmekọ Red Cross Red Crescent Movement gụnyere [https://www.ifrc.org/ IFRC], ICRC, Austrian RC, Swiss RC, Spanish RC, Canada RC, NLRC, na Swedish RC na ndị mmekọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere IOM, UNICEF, IRC, Save the children international (SCI) na Gọọmentị nke Ethiopia (GoE) sonyere na nzaghachi maka ọdachi a n'ụzọ dị mma. Ha ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi kọọ ihe ize ndụ ndị a na nkwado ndị kwekọrọ na IFRC, ICRC na PNS na-ekere òkè na nzukọ nhazi mgbe niile.<ref name=":02" />
== Ihe Ndị A mụtara Site na Ọdachi ahụ ==
=== Ịdọ Aka ná Ntị na Nnyocha Nzaghachi ===
Na mbido Eprel 2016, National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC), Early Warning and Response Directorate dọrọ aka ná ntị na idei mmiri nwere ike ime n'ebe idei mmiri nwere nnukwu ohere na mpaghara ndịda na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-atụ anya idei mmiri na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, etiti na ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke mba ahụ. N'iburu n'uche ọnụnọ nke mmetụta El Niño na mmiri ozuzo a na-atụ anya ya karịa nke ọma n'oge belg, ihe ize ndụ nke ọkụ na idei mmiri dị elu. Iji chetara na ndị ọrụ ahụ kwesịrị ime ihe kwesịrị ekwesị tupu oge eruo iji belata mmetụta nke ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri na mpaghara ndị ahụ.<ref name=":03" />
NDRMC eruola ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị 258,136 MAM na woredas abụọ kachasị mkpa nke mba ahụ. Ya mere, ịdọ aka ná ntị na nyocha nzaghachi sitere na NDRMC nwere ike inye aka n'ibelata mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọdachi.<ref name=":03" />
=== Imeziwanye Ebe Nchekwa Mmiri maka Ugbo ===
N'ebe ụfọdụ, nnukwu ọdịda a tụrụ anya ya ga-akwado ọrụ ugbo nke oge ahụ, ọkachasị maka ihe ọkụkụ ogologo oge. N'ezie, ngalaba ahụ na ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere ike ime ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iji jiri mmiri a tụrụ anya ya mee ihe nke ọma.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC), Early Warning and Response Directorate: Early Warning and Response Analysis - April 2016 - Ethiopia|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/national-disaster-risk-management-commission-ndrmc-early-warning-and-response|accessdate=2021-10-27|work=ReliefWeb|date=12 May 2016|language=en}}</ref>
Ya mere, Gọọmentị Etiopia na-eme atụmatụ iwu ihe mgbochi mmiri ọhụrụ abụọ iji belata idei mmiri na-ebibi ihe na-eme ugboro ugboro na ọkara nke abụọ nke afọ 2016. Mkpebi ahụ na-abịa naanị ọnwa ole na ole mgbe idei mmiri mebiri mba ahụ, na-akpata ihe ruru otu narị ọnwụ ma na-akpụ ọtụtụ iri puku mmadụ. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe mmụta dị mkpa nke ọdachi idei mmiri wetara ndị Etiopia.
=== Ihe ịma aka nke Humanitarian Fund na Financial Requirements ===
Ego enyemaka nke Ethiopia (EHF) nyere aka na nzaghachi zuru oke, na-akwado atụmatụ na ihe ndị dị mkpa nke ndị otu / ngalaba mepụtara. N'afọ 2016, ntiwapụ nke AWD kara njọ n'ihi idei mmiri n'ọnwa Eprel-Mee nke metụtara mmadụ 480,000, nke 190,000 n'ime ha gbara ọsọ ndụ. Na mgbakwunye, ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-efe efe na-eme ka nrụgide na usoro ahụike siri ike. N'ozuzu, ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 3.6 na Etiopia chọrọ enyemaka ahụike mberede.<ref name=":3" />
Ihe achọrọ ego nọgidere na-adị elu n'ofe ngalaba niile n'afọ 2016. E dezigharịrị ngụkọta ihe achọrọ nke Humanitarian Requirements Document (HRD). Enweghị ego zuru oke na-eweta ihe ịma aka maka ọrụ ebere dị irè. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Ethiopia Humanitarian Fund (EHF) Annual Report 2016 - Ethiopia|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-humanitarian-fund-ehf-annual-report-2016|accessdate=2021-10-27|work=ReliefWeb|date=19 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ya mere, ego enyemaka nke Ethiopia nwere ike ịchọ nkwado ọzọ n'ọdịnihu.
== Ihe odide ==
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Iju Mmiri nke Niger na 2016
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Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360455075|2016 Niger flood]]"
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Nnukwu mmiri ozuzo n'oge ọnwa June, July na August 2016 mere ka '''[[idei mmiri]]''' dị iche iche na [[Niger]] dum, ọkachasị Osimiri Niger, ebe idei mmiri ahụ kpatara mmebi ihe onwunwe na ọnwụ nke ndụ na Niger na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ. <ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.enca.com/africa/niger-floods-leave-32-dead-92000-homeless|title=Niger floods leave 32 dead, 92,000 homeless|date=2016-09-08|work=eNCA|accessdate=24 October 2019}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://floodlist.com/africa/west-africa-floods-nigeria-mali-burkina-faso-august-2016|title=West Africa – Deadly Floods in Mali and Burkina Faso|author=Davies|first=Richard|date=2016-08-12|work=Floodlist|accessdate=24 October 2019}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wetlands.org/news/extreme-flooding-predicted-in-malis-inner-niger-delta/|title=Extreme flooding predicted in Mali's Inner Niger Delta|date=2016-09-07|work=Wetlands International|accessdate=24 October 2019}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://newspapers.nigeriannation.com/38-killed-92000-homeless-as-flood-ravages-niger/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918025033/http://newspapers.nigeriannation.com/38-killed-92000-homeless-as-flood-ravages-niger/|archivedate=2016-09-18|title=38 Killed, 92,000 Homeless As Flood Ravages Niger {{!}} NigerianNation Newspapers|date=2016-09-18|accessdate=2019-10-26}}</ref>
Kemgbe afọ 2000, idei mmiri na Niger amụbaala, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Aich|first=Valentin|date=2016-08-15|title=Flood projections within the Niger River Basin under future land use and climate change|journal=Science of the Total Environment|volume=562|pages=666–677|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.021|pmid=27110979|issn=0048-9697}}</ref> na egwu kachasị njọ na mpaghara ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Niger na n'akụkụ osimiri Niger.
== Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya ==
* Mmebi ala mmiri: Mgbanwe dị iche iche nke iji ala eme ihe emebiwo gburugburu ebe obibi nke Osimiri Niger. Enweghị ahịhịa zuru ezu iji jide mmiri, na-eme ka idei mmiri yie ka ọ ga-adịkwu n'oge mmiri ozuzo.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Loveline|first=Enwere Chidimma|date=2015-08-24|title=Impacts of Wetland Degradation in Niger Delta Nigeria and its Significance in Flood Control|journal=International Journal of Environment|volume=4|issue=3|pages=177–184|doi=10.3126/ije.v4i3.13244|issn=2091-2854}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Descroix|first=L.|date=2009-08-30|title=Spatio-temporal variability of hydrological regimes around the boundaries between Sahelian and Sudanian areas of West Africa: A synthesis|journal=Journal of Hydrology|volume=375|issue=1–2|pages=90–102|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.012|issn=0022-1694}}</ref>
* Mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ: Mmiri ozuzo na-arịwanye elu (mmetụta ihu igwe dị iche iche). <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Roudier|first=P.|date=2014-07-31|title=Climate change impacts on runoff in West Africa: a review|journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences|volume=18|issue=7|pages=2789–2801|doi=10.5194/hess-18-2789-2014|issn=1607-7938}}</ref>
* Obodo dị na Niger nwere atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ha enweghị ike ime mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-arịwanye elu.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Dan-Jumbo|first=Nimi Gibson|title=Assessing the Effects of Urban Development and Climate Change on Flooding in the Greater Port-Harcourt Watershed, Niger Delta, Nigeria|date=2018|publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-4QFvwEACAAJ|oclc=1063477461}}</ref> Usoro mmiri na-eru nso, ọtụtụ obodo enweghị ọbụna netwọk mmiri. N'ihi mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ndị bi na ya, ndị bi na-ewu ụlọ na-enweghị atụmatụ na nhazi. Ịtụfu ihe mkpofu n'okporo ámá na-egbochi Mmiri na-asọba n'elu n'oge nnukwu mmiri ozuzo.
* Mmiri na-agbapụta n'elu mmiri: A na-ahapụ mmiri buru ibu n'oge oge mmiri ozuzo. Mmiri na-agbadata n'osimiri ahụ na-abawanye na mmiri nke osimiri ahụ na-arị elu.
== Nchọpụta mmiri na ihu igwe ==
[[Faịlụ:Niger_river_map.PNG|thumb|Mmiri [[Niger]] gụnyere mpaghara dị na [[Guinea]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Mali]], [[Burkina Faso]], Niger, [[Algeria]], [[Benin]], Nigeria na [[Kameroon|Cameroon]].]]
Mpaghara kachasị emetụta bụ ọzara Tahoua n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Agadez n'ebe ugwu, na n'ókè dị ala, mpaghara Maradi.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /> E dekọrọ ịrị elu ngwa ngwa nke oke osimiri. N'ime otu izu, e dekọrọ ịrị elu nke 1.90 m na ọdụ Sirba na [[Garbé Kourou]]. Otu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na [[Gorouol river|Osimiri Gorouol]], nke na-esite na Osimiri Niger, tụrụ ịrị elu nke 2.9 m n'ime izu abụọ na ngwụcha Julaị, ọkwa osimiri kachasị elu edere n'ihe karịrị afọ 50 nke ọrụ nke ọdụ ahụ.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/wca_a4_l_impact_of_floods_20160822.pdf|title=West Africa:Impact of the floods|date=2016-08-22|work=Humanitarian Response|accessdate=24 October 2019}}</ref> Mmiri nọgidere na-arị elu, na-eru akara kachasị elu na 6 Septemba kemgbe 1964 na [[Inner Niger Delta]].<ref name=":4" />
Mmiri ozuzo a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'akụkụ osimiri , dị ka mmiri ozuzo karịrị 200 in) kwa ụbọchị na Mee 23 na , ogologo oge mmiri ozuzo na [[Guinea]] na [[Mali]] na Ọgọst 9 ruo Ọgọust 27, na mmiri ozuzo a ma ama na mpaghara Azawagh, karịa 200 mm (7.9 in) na Ọgúst 13, na 50 in) na August 27 na 29th.
== Mmetụta ==
Mpaghara ndịda Sahara ahụla mmụba na ihe omume na ike nke idei mmiri n'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga, na nsonaazụ nke imebi nri na ahụike n'ógbè nke oke ịda ogbenye na mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45599262|title=Reality Check: Why does Nigeria keep flooding?|author=team|first=Reality Check|date=2018-09-27|accessdate=2019-10-20|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Fiorillo|first=Edoardo|date=2018-07-03|title=Recent Changes of Floods and Related Impacts in Niger Based on the ANADIA Niger Flood Database|journal=Climate|volume=6|issue=3|pages=59|doi=10.3390/cli6030059|issn=2225-1154}}</ref>
Dị ka atụmatụ e mere si kwuo, idei mmiri nke afọ 2016 kpatara ọnwụ mmadụ opekata mpe iri atọ na asatọ ma bibie ihe dị ka puku ụlọ itoolu, nke mere ka ọtụtụ puku mmadụ ghara inwe ebe obibi. Ihe dị ka puku iri abụọ na isii nke anụ ụlọ nwụkwara ma ọ bụ furu efu.[1] Idei mmiri ahụ kpatakwara nnukwu mbugharị nke ndị mmadụ site n’ebe obibi ha. Mwakpo ndị otu Boko Haram na-aga n’ihu, yana asọmpi na-arịwanye elu maka ala ọrụ ugbo, mere ka ọnọdụ mbugharị ahụ ka njọ.[2]
Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ọnwa Septemba n’afọ 2019, a kabeghị akụkọ banyere onye ọ bụla butere ọrịa ọgbụgbọ na ọnyụnyụ. N’aka nke ọzọ, idei mmiri nke mere n’afọ 2014 metụtara ihe karịrị otu puku na narị mmadụ anọ.
== Nzaghachi ==
Tupu idei mmiri ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime enyemaka mba ụwa na Niger lekwasịrị anya na mpaghara Diffa, n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke [[Ndị Naijiria gbara ọsọ ndụ]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/unicef-niger-humanitarian-situation-report-october-2016|title=UNICEF Niger Humanitarian Situation Report, October 2016|work=ReliefWeb}}</ref> Ìgwè ndị dị ka Doctors Without Borders na UNICEF sonyeere mmeghachi omume gọọmentị ime obodo na nke gọọmentị etiti maka idei mmiri ahụ, karịsịa na steeti ndị kacha emetụta Maradi, Tahoua, Agadez, na Zinder. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/bulletin-humanitaire-niger-ao-t-2016|title=OCHA Bulletin humanitaire Niger Août 2016|work=ReliefWeb}}</ref>
NoNzaghachi mbụ lekwasịrị anya n'ibelata mgbasa nke ọrịa na-efe efe na ọrịa na-ebute ọrịa dịka ịba na afọ ọsịsa, yana inye nkwado uche.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.msf.org/niger-floods-leave-hundreds-families-homeless-increased-risk-disease|title=Niger: Floods leave hundreds of families homeless with increased risk of disease|work=Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-20}}</ref>
UNICEF bụ naanị onye na-enye nri ọgwụgwọ dị njikere iji mee ihe na mba ahụ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/about/annualreport/files/Niger_2016_COAR.pdf|title=UNICEF Annual Report 2016: Niger (the Republic of)}}</ref> kesara ọgwụgwọ mmiri na mpaghara ụfọdụ, ma nyere aka mezigharịa olulu mmiri nke idei mmiri metụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/unicef-niger-humanitarian-situation-report-august-2016|title=UNICEF Niger Humanitarian Situation Report August 2016|work=ReliefWeb}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwadokwara nzaghachi gọọmentị Niger site n'inye ihe ndị na-abụghị nri, nke ndị ọchịchị gọọmentị kesara n'okpuru nhazi nke Kọmitii Nhazi Ahụike nke UN.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/unicef-niger-humanitarian-situation-report-july-2016|title=UNICEF Niger Humanitarian Situation Report July 2016|work=ReliefWeb}}</ref>
Dọkịta na-enweghị ókèala tinyere ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-agagharị agagharị n'ọhịa ebe ha nwere ike ịkwalite omume ịdị ọcha, nyochaa ntiwapụ nke ọrịa ma kesaa ihe ndị na-abụghị nri dị ka blanket, ụgbụ anwụnta, ihe ndị dị ọcha, na arịa ụlọ. Ha nyekwara aka igwu ụlọ mposi dị ka ihe mgbochi maka ndị na-agbaba n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obodo.<ref name=":5" />
Gọọmentị ime obodo kesara nri na mmanụ nri yana ego (2,000 Central African Francs). <ref name=":5" />
Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke idei mmiri ugboro ugboro gasịrị, na 2012, Gọọmenti Niger, site na nkwado nke World Bank, malitere PGCR-DU (Projet de Gestion des Risques de Catastrophes et de Développement Urbain). Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2016, PGRC-DU amalitela imezi ma wusie ọtụtụ nnukwu mgbidi mgbochi idei mmiri ike, yana imepụta ngwa ọrụ ga-enyere aka ịkọwa nke ọma mpaghara ndị kacha nwee ike idei mmiri ma tụlee usoro dị iche iche e nwere ike iji belata mmetụta idei mmiri na mpaghara ndị ahụ.[1]
== Ihe odide ==
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Idei mmiri nke Great Lakes nke Afrịka na 2023
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'''Idei mmiri nke Great Lakes nke Afrịka na 2023''' bụ idei mmiri n'ọnwa Eprel na Mee 2023 nke gburu ọtụtụ narị mmadụ na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Rwanda]] na [[Uganda]]. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=3 May 2023|title=Floods from heavy rainfall kill at least 129 in Rwanda|url=https://apnews.com/article/rwanda-deadly-floods-109-killed-868f117db85661a73f6d0f532e2b8451|work=[[Associated Press]]|first=Ignatius|author=Ssuuna|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Girinema|first=Philbert|date=3 May 2023|title=Heavy rain, floods kill at least 109 in Rwanda, six in Uganda|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/floods-heavy-rains-kill-least-55-rwanda-state-broadcaster-2023-05-03/}}</ref><ref name="Uganda floods">{{Cite web|title=Uganda – Deadly Floods and Landslides in Kasese, Mbale and Rukungiri|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/uganda-floods-kasese-mbale-rukungiri-april-2023|date=3 May 2023|work=floodlist.com}}</ref>
[[Faịlụ:Pedestrians_and_motorists_risk_their_lives_to_transport_passengers_in_a_flooded_road_in_Kigali_on_28_January_2020._Emmanuel_Kwizera.jpg|thumb|'''Ndị na-agafe agafe na ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-etinye ndụ ha n'ihe ize ndụ iji buru ndị njem n'okporo ụzọ idei mmiri na Kigali na 28 Jenụwarị 2020''']]
Mmiri ozuzo na-enwekarị na-akpata mmebi na ndị nwụrụ anwụ n'etiti Machị na Mee bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka - na Mee 2020 ihe dị ka mmadụ 80 nwụrụ site na idei mmiri na [[Rwanda]]. Idei mmiri na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo amụbaala na Rwanda n'ime afọ iri atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rwanda|url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/rwanda/vulnerability|work=Climate Knowledge Portal Worldbank}}</ref> Ndị na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na Rwanda na-ekwu na mmiri ozuzo a na-adịghị ahụkebe bụ mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name="bbcnews">{{Cite news|date=3 May 2023|title=Rwanda floods and landslides kill more than 100 people|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65469374}}</ref>
N'afọ 2023, ọtụtụ nnukwu mmiri ozuzo jupụtara n'ala, na-eme ka o yikarịrị ka idei mmiri. N'agbata Jenụwarị na Eprel 2023, Ministri nke Nlekọta Mberede kọrọ na ọdachi ndị metụtara ihu igwe kpatara ọnwụ 60, bibie ihe karịrị ụlọ 1,205 ma mebie ala 5,000 acres gafee Rwanda.<ref name=":1" /> N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Mee, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na Rwanda buru amụma na mmiri ozuzo ga-ezo n'elu ụbọchị iri sochirinụ.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Nkurunziza|first=Michel|date=3 May 2023|title=Over 100 dead as rain ravages Northern, Western provinces|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/7168/news/environment/over-100-dead-as-rain-ravages-northern-western-provinces|work=The New Times|language=en}}</ref>
[[Uganda]] nwekwara nnukwu mmiri ozuzo malite na Machị, nke kpatara mbuze nke bibiri ụlọ ma chụpụ ọtụtụ narị mmadụ.<ref name=":0" />
== Democratic Republic of the Congo ==
[[Faịlụ:Kalehe_floods_2023_A07I7268_(52906607850).jpg|thumb|'''Kalehe idei mmiri 2023 South Kivu, DRC: Onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche nke odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations na DRC Bintou Keita nọ na Kalehe na South Kivu na 18 Mee 2023, ebe ọdachi na-emere onwe ya gburu ọtụtụ mmadụ na 4 Mee 2023. Ọ sonyeere onye uwe ojii MONUSCO, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ MONUSCO na South Kivu yana ndị isi nke ụlọ ọrụ UN ndị ọzọ na DRC. Ọ gara ebe ihe ahụ mere wee zute ndị ọchịchị obodo na ndị lanarịrị. Foto MONUSCO/Michael Ali''']]
Ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 440 nwụrụ, ebe ihe karịrị mmadụ 2,500 ka na-efu kemgbe ụbọchị 5 nke ọnwa Mee n’ihi idei mmiri nke metụtara obodo nta Bushushu na Nyamukubi dị na South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.[1][2][3] N’ihi idei mmiri ahụ, Onyeisi Ala nke Democratic Republic of the Congo, Félix Tshisekedi, kwupụtara ụbọchị 8 nke ọnwa Mee dịka ụbọchị iru újú nke mba niile.[2]Mbuze ala abụọ mere na North Kivu Province. Otu n’ime ha gburu mmadụ iri na Lubero, ebe nke ọzọ gburu opekata mpe mmadụ isii n’ebe a na-egwupụta akụ̀ nke Songambele. Ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-egwupụta akụ̀ ka na-efu. N’oge mbuze ala ahụ mere, ndị ọrụ 100 nọ n’ebe a na-egwupụta akụ̀ ahụ.
== Rwanda ==
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'''Idei mmiri nke afọ 2023 na Rwanda''' mere n'ọnwa Eprel na Mee 2023. Nnukwu mmiri ozuzo kpatara idei mmiri na mbuze ala n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Rwanda. Na ngwụcha Eprel na mmalite Mee, Ụlọ Ọrụ Metrology nke Rwanda buru amụma mmiri ozuzo dị n'etiti 50mm na 200mm gafee mba ahụ n'ime ụbọchị 10 mbụ nke Mee. Na mpaghara ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, a tụrụ anya nnukwu mmiri ozuzo sitere na 175mm ruo 200mm.
Mmiri ozuzo malitere n'ihe dị ka 16:00 UTC (6 pm oge mpaghara) na 2 Mee 2023 wee gaa n'ihu n'abalị dum, na-egbu ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 135. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="Statesman">{{Cite news|title=135 killed, over 20K displaced in recent flooding, landslides in Rwanda|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/world/135-killed-over-20k-displaced-in-recent-flooding-landslides-in-rwanda-1503181246.html|work=The Statesman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=22 people killed in Somalia floods|url=https://guardian.ng/news/22-people-killed-in-somalia-floods/|date=14 May 2023|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> Nkwada ala mekwara ka e mechie okporo ụzọ na 2 Mee.<ref name=":0a">{{Cite web|date=2023-05-03|title=Death toll from Rwanda flash floods rises to 127|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/3/at-least-55-killed-in-rwanda-flash-floods|accessdate=2024-02-03|work=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> Ọ dịkarịa ala otu onye furu efu, mmadụ 110 merụrụ ahụ na mmadụ 20,000 gbara ọsọ ndụ.<ref name="Statesman" /> Osimiri Sebeya gbawara n'akụkụ ya.<ref name=":0" /> Ebe ndị kachasị emetụta na Rwanda bụ Rutsiro, Nyabihu, Rubavu, na Ngororero.<ref name=":0" /> Mpaghara Karongi metụtakwara, na amụma na-egosi na Mpaghara Rurindo, Gakenke na Gicumbi nwekwara ike ịnwe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo n'ụbọchị ndị na-esonụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-05-04|title=Rwanda's devastating floods, landslides deaths rise to 130|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/rwanda-floods-death-toll-rises-4222646|accessdate=2024-02-03|work=The East African|language=en}}</ref> Dị ka François Habitegeko, gọvanọ nke Western Province nke Rwanda si kwuo, ọtụtụ ụlọ dara; mbuze ala mere ka okporo ụzọ ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ ghara ịgafe ma jupụta n'ubi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=3 May 2023|title=Over 100 killed in Rwanda floods|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/over-100-killed-in-rwanda-floods-4221646|work=[[Daily Monitor]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rwanda – Dozens Dead After Floods and Landslides in Western and Northern Provinces – FloodList|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/rwanda-floods-may-2023|work=floodlist.com}}</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nwụrụ na Western Province dị nso na Lake Kivu.<ref name=":2" /> E gbukwara anụ ụlọ 4,100. <ref name=":3" /> Idei mmiri metụtakwara mpaghara ndị dị n'Ebe Ugwu na ndịda nke Rwanda. <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 May 2023|title=Over 100 dead as heavy rainfall triggers devastating floods in Rwanda|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/over-100-dead-as-heavy-rainfall-triggers-devastating-floods-in-rwanda-101683118535675.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref> Ifufe ala na idei mmiri bibiri àkwà mmiri 26 na okporo ụzọ 17-20, ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik 12, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ mmiri asatọ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ise, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ abụọ, na ụlọ ọgwụ. E bibiri ụlọ 5,100-5,963 ma mebie 2,500 ọzọ.<ref name="Statesman" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 4, 2023|title=Rwanda Floods Kill 130, Destroy Over 5,000 Houses|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2023-05-04/rwanda-floods-kill-130-destroy-over-5-000-houses|work=[[US News & World Report]]}}</ref>
[[Marie-Solange Kayisire]], Minista na-ahụ maka nchịkwa mberede, kwuru na mbọ enyemaka malitere ozugbo. Otú ọ dị, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na-aga n'ihu na-egbochi mgbalị iji nyere aka lie ndị idei mmiri ahụ metụtara na inye ndị ụlọ ha jupụtara ihe oriri.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 May 2023|title=Flooding, landslides kill over 100 people in Rwanda|url=https://www.dw.com/en/flooding-landslides-kill-over-100-people-in-rwanda/a-65502678|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=en}}</ref> Dị ka Gọvanọ Habitegeko si kwuo, a napụtara ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ ma kpọga ha n'ụlọ ọgwụ.<ref name=":0" /> Red Cross nyere aka na enyemaka. <ref name=":0" /> Kayisire kpọrọ ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ ka ha mụbaa ndị nche, karịsịa n'abalị.<ref name=":2" />
Praịm Minista Rwanda Edouard Ngirente gara emume olili ozu na Rubavu District na Mee 4, ebe o kwuru na ndị ọchịchị ga-anọgide na-ahụ na ị [ndị merụrụ ahụ] nwere ebe obibi na mkpa ndị bụ isi. " <ref name=":0a" /> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-05-04|title=Survivor of Rwanda Floods: 'We Struggled to Cling to Anything'|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/survivor-of-rwanda-floods-we-struggled-to-cling-to-anything-nearby-/7079340.html|accessdate=2024-02-03|work=Voice of America|language=en}}</ref>
Gọọmentị guzobere ụlọ ọrụ iwu.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nkurunziza|first=Michel|date=2023-05-04|title=Rwanda Sets Up Command Centre to Coordinate Flood Disaster Interventions|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202305040024.html|accessdate=2024-02-05|work=The New Times|language=en}}</ref> iji jikọta ọrụ enyemaka site n'itinye otu ndị ọrụ nnapụta si n'ógbè ndị metụtara Ministri nke mberede na Nchịkwa, Ministri nke gọọmentị ime obodo na ndị uwe ojii ma nye ọgwụgwọ maka ndị metụtara, nyere nri na ebe obibi <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nkurunziza|first=Michel|date=2023-05-03|title=Rwanda sets up command centre to coordinate flood disaster interventions|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/7181/news/environment/rwanda-sets-up-command-centre-to-coordinate-flood-disaster-interventions|accessdate=2024-02-05|work=The New Times|language=en}}</ref> Òtù ọrụ ebere dị ka HOT, site na Open Street Map Rwanda kwadoro ngwaọrụ dị ka FMTM na itinye aka na nchịkọta data iji mee ka Mpaghara dị mfe na mkpebi ndị a na-akpali n'ọdịnihu, Red Cross Rwanda <ref>{{Cite web|title=IFRC GO|url=https://go.ifrc.org/field-reports/16427|accessdate=2024-02-05|work=go.ifrc.org}}</ref> Òtù nyere ego maka nzaghachi ngwa ngwa site na [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]], WFP, WHO.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Princewill|first=Duarte Mendonca, Nimi|date=2023-05-03|title=Floods in western Rwanda kill at least 127 people|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/03/africa/floods-kill-109-rwanda-intl/index.html|accessdate=2024-02-05|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Allocation summary {{!}} CERF|url=https://cerf.un.org/what-we-do/allocation/2023/summary/23-RR-RWA-59581|accessdate=2024-02-05|work=cerf.un.org}}</ref> Onye nhazi enyemaka mberede Martin Griffiths ewepụtala nde $ 1.5 site na ego enyemaka mberede CFRF iji kwado nzaghachi gọọmentị <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-08|title=Rwanda: Floods and Landslides - May 2023 {{!}} ReliefWeb|url=https://reliefweb.int/disaster/fl-2023-000064-rwa|accessdate=2024-02-05|work=reliefweb.int|language=en}}</ref>
E liri ọtụtụ ndị idei mmiri metụtara n'ebe a na-eli ozu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=65 killed as heavy rains trigger floods, landslides|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/8/rwanda-dozens-killed-as-heavy-rains-trigger-floods-landslides|accessdate=2024-02-03|work=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref>
[[Faịlụ:Kampala_Flooding.jpg|thumb|Idei Mmiri na Bwaise a Kampala Suburb]]
Site na 24 Eprel ruo 3 Mee, ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri na asatọ nwụrụ na [[Uganda]], gụnyere mmadụ ise n'ime ezinụlọ ndị nwụrụ na mbuze ala; atọ merụrụ ahụ na atọ furu efu site na idei mmiri. Nnukwu mmiri ozuzo kpatara idei mmiri na mbuze ala na mpaghara Kasese, Mbale na Rukungiri. Ọtụtụ ụlọ mebiri ma ọ bụ bibie na mba ahụ.<ref name="Uganda floods" /><ref>{{Cite web|author=Caroline Kimeu|title=More than 400 people now confirmed dead after flooding in DRC|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/09/confirmed-dead-flooding-drc-democratic-republic-congo|date=9 May 2023}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Mee, National Environment Management Authority nke Uganda kwuru na mmadụ iri abụọ na atọ nwụrụ na mmadụ iri na isii merụrụ ahụ n'ihi mbuze na idei mmiri na Ntokoro na Kigezi District. [[Osimiri Katonga]] jupụtara na mmiri ma kpuchie okporo ụzọ mba Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://erccportal.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ECHO-Products/Maps#/maps/4495|title=ECHO Daily Map of 17 May 2023. 17 May 2023 - Uganda - Floods and landslides.|work=Emergency Response Coordination Centre|date=17 May 2023|accessdate=19 May 2023}}</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
{{2023 floods}}{{Floods in Africa}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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2022 Idei mmiri na Kinshasa
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Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360456037|2022 Kinshasa floods]]"
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Site na 12 ruo 13 Disemba 2022, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo hapụrụ okporo ụzọ, akụrụngwa na ọtụtụ agbata obi n'okpuru mmiri ma ọ bụ mebie na [[Kinshasa]], isi obodo [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].
== Mmetụta ==
Ọtụtụ ụzọ dị n’etiti obodo Kinshasa jupụtara na mmiri mgbe oké mmiri ozuzo gara n’ihu ruo ọtụtụ awa, ebe ọtụtụ ụlọ dakwara.[1] Ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ narị na iri isii na itoolu nwụrụ n’ihi idei mmiri ahụ.[2] Ọtụtụ n’ime ọnwụ ndị ahụ sitere na mbuze ala nke oké mmiri ozuzo kpatara.[1] Ọ dịkarịa ala ụlọ narị abụọ na iri asatọ dakwara, ebe idei mmiri ahụ metụtara ihe karịrị ụlọ puku iri atọ na asatọ ọzọ.[3] Ihe dị ka nde mmadụ iri na abụọ, nke bụ ọtụtụ n’ime ndị bi n’obodo ahụ, idei mmiri ahụ metụtara.[4]
== Ihe si na ya pụta ==
Gọọmentị nke Democratic Republic of the Congo mara ọkwa ụbọchị atọ nke iru uju mba. <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|title=DR Congo floods leave more than 120 dead in Kinshasa|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-63967016|work=[[BBC News]]|date=14 December 2022}}</ref>
== Ihe odide ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {{Deadliest meteorological events in 2022}}
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