Naija

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    <title>Naija</title>
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'''Naija''' bụ ọtu aha ozo ndi ala Nigeria ([[Naigeria]]) di kpo ala ebe ahu. Onu nke &quot;broken english&quot;. Nke ezioku, ''naija'' nwere-ike bu otu a ne de, kpo ''[[Niger]]'' maka otu nde ala-a di kwu okwu. Kama a kpo Niger hahu, ndi mmadu si aha Naigeria, ke nwetara na ndi [[bekee]], bu &quot;[[Niger]]&quot; na &quot;area&quot; (ebe ala), ha kpowazie Nigeria, ''naija''.

Ihe adi-kpo Naija bu nnukwu. Naija nwere music otu nke ya na website ndi mmadu ne me visit

==Lee nke ọzọ==
* [[Niger]]
* [[Naigeria]]

[[Òtù:Naigeria]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ethiopia</title>
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{{Ngwómárí Obodo
|native_name = {{lang|gez|2={{evukwala|የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ &lt;br /&gt; ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ}}}}&lt;br /&gt;''{{gbanw|gez|ye-Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralāwī Dīmōkrāsīyāwī Rīpeblīk}}''
|conventional_long_name = Obodo Ochíchìíwú Ethiopia
|common_name = Ethiopia
|image_flag = Flag of Ethiopia.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Ethiopia.svg
| symbol_type = Ihü
|image_map = Ethiopia in its region.svg
|capital  = [[Addis Ababa]]
|asusu_obodo = [[Amhara]]
|leader_title1 = [[President]]
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister]]
|leader_name1 = [[Mulatu Teshome Wirtu]]
|leader_name2 = [[Haile Mariam Desalegn]]
}}
'''Ethiopia''' bu obodo nde oji no na [[Afrịka]]. Isi oche ya bu [[Addis Ababa]]. Imerime wo bu nde ekpere chi [[Christian]], ufodi bu ndi [[Islam]] ma ndi Jew. Ha na su asusu abwo nke ukwu, asusu olu ana-kpo ''Oromo'' na ''Amhara''.

== Lee nke ozo ==
* [[Afrịka]]

{{Ala no n'ime Afrịka}}

[[Òtù:Ala no n'ime Afrịka]]
[[Òtù:Ethiopia| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Benin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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{{Ngwómárí Obodo
|conventional_long_name = République du Bénin&lt;br /&gt;
|common_name = Benin
|image_flag = Flag of Benin.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Benin.svg
| symbol_type = Ihü
|image_map = Benin in its region.svg
|capital  = [[Porto-Novo]]
|asusu_obodo = [[french]]
}}

[[File:Marche ouando porto-novo.jpg|thumb|292px|Market na Porto Novo]]

'''Benin''', nke ana-kpo kwa, ''République du Bénin, bu otu obodo no na [[Afrịka]]. [[Mádu]] jùrù ya nke 10,008,749 (2013; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Benin-Cities.html Madu na Benin], na citypopulation.de/Benin-Cities, looked up on 26 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; 
O no n'etiti [[Togo]] na [[Naigeria]]. 

Íshí oche Benin bu ebe ana-kpo [[Porto Novo]], nwéré madu ha sị rùrù, 264,320 (2013; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Benin-Cities.html Madu na Porto Novo], na citypopulation.de/Benin-Cities, looked up on 26 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;.

N'April 2025, gọọmentị Benin nakweere iwu, na-amata alaeze 16, ndị isi ndị isi 80 na ndị isi ọdịnala 10 site na iwu ọhụrụ, nke a nakweere na March 2025. Oge tupu oge ọchịchị, nke e debere na 1894 maka ndịda na 1897 maka ugwu Benin, jere ozi dị ka ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme maka iwu nke ụlọ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ. na ịhazi iwu na mpaghara ọdịnala&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.africarivista.it/il-benin-riconosce-i-capi-tradizionali/263599/ Il Benin riconosce i capi tradizionali], na africarivista.it, looked up on 29 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lee nke ozo==
* [[Afrịka]]

== Links n'aga n'ezi== &lt;!--external links--&gt;

* Offical websit of [http://www.gouv.bj/ République du Bénin], french, looked up on 26 February 2016.
* Website of the [http://www.uniben.edu/ University of Benin], looked up on 26 February 2016.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;


{{commons|Benin}}

{{Ala no n'ime Afrika}}

{{ÉdéNtạ}}

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  <page>
    <title>3 Ọgọọst</title>
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{{databox}}
'''3 Ọgọọst ''' bu ubochi nke 3rd (''nke atọ'') na onwa ana kpo [[Ọgọọst]]. Na ''Gregorian'' calender, 3 Ọgọọst bu ubochi nke 215th (216th na afo nke ana-kpo ''leap year'') na afo. Anyi nwere agugu ubochi 150 du mgbe afo na agwu.

==Ihe mere na 3 Ọgọọst==
* [[1960]] - Ndi France nyelachiri ndi [[Niger]] ishi oche ala wo.

===Holiday===
* [[Niger]] - Ubochi nke ana mee celebrate nke '''[[Independence Day]]'''

==Onye amuru==

==Onye wuru==

{{ÉdéNtạ}}

[[Òtù:Ọgọọst]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Liberia</title>
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{{Ngwómárí Obodo
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Liberia
|common_name = Liberia
|image_flag = Flag of Liberia.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Liberia.svg
| symbol_type = Ihü
|image_map = LocationLiberia.svg
|capital  = [[Monrovia]] 
|largest_city = 
|area_km2  = 111,369
|area_sq_mi = 43,000 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 13.5&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iv.html The World Factbook], CIA Directorate of Intelligence, 24 July 2008, looked up on 26 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_census = 3,476,608 (''2008'')&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Liberia.html Madu na Liberia], na citypopulation.de/Liberia, looked up on 26 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency  = [[Liberian dollar]]
|currency_code = LRD
|time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|utc_offset = ±0
|asusu_obodo = [[Békè']]
}}

[[File:An aerial view of the West Point area of Monrovia.jpg|thumb|292px|[[Monrovia]] bụ íshi oche Liberia.]]

'''Liberia''', nke ana-kpo kwa, ''Republic of Liberia'', bu otu obodo no na [[Afrịka]]. [[Mádu]] jùrù ya nke 3,476,608 (2008; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Liberia.html Madu na Liberia], na citypopulation.de/Liberia, looked up on 26 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; O no n'etiti [[Sierra Leone]], [[Guinea]] na [[Côte d'Ivoire]]. 

Íshi oche Liberia bu ebe ana-kpo [[Monrovia]], nwéré madu ha sị rùrù, 1,021,762 (2008; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Liberia.html Madu na Monrovia], na citypopulation.de/Liberia, looked up on 27 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lee nke ozo==
* [[Afrịka]]

== Links n'aga n'ezi== &lt;!--external links--&gt;

* Offical websit: [http://www.emansion.gov.lr/ The Executive Mansion], na békè', looked up on 27 February 2016.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235138/http://www.tlcafrica.com/lu/lu.htm The University of Liberia], looked up on 27 February 2016.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;


{{commons|Liberia}}

{{Ala no n'ime Afrịka}}

{{ÉdéNtạ}}

[[Òtù:Ala no n'ime Afrịka]]</text>
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    <title>Sierra Leone</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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{{Databox}}
{{Ngwómárí Obodo
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Sierra Leone
|common_name = Sierra Leone
|image_flag = Flag of Sierra Leone.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg
| symbol_type = Ihü
|image_map = LocationSierraLeone.svg
|capital  = [[Freetown]] 
|largest_city = 
|area_km2  = 71.740
|area_sq_mi = 27,699 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 1.1&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iv.html The World Factbook], CIA Directorate of Intelligence, 24 July 2008, looked up on 26 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_census = 4,976,871 (''2004'')&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/SierraLeone.html Madu na Sierra Leone], na citypopulation.de/SierraLeone, looked up on 26 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency  = [[Leone]]
|currency_code = SLL
|time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|utc_offset = ±0
|asusu_obodo = [[Békè']]
}}

[[File:Freetown street (13992704238).jpg|thumb|292px|[[Freetown]] bụ íshi oche Sierra Leone.]]

'''Sierra Leone''', nke ana-kpo kwa, ''Republic of Sierra Leone'', bu otu obodo nọ na [[Afrịka]]. [[Mádu]] jùrù ya nke 4,976,871 (2004; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/SierraLeone.html Madu na Sierra Leone], na citypopulation.de/SierraLeone, looked up on 26 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Ǫnǫ na etiti [[Guinea]] na [[Liberia]]. 

Íshi oche Sierra Leone bu ebe ana-kpo [[Freetown]], nwéré madu ha sị rùrù, 772,873 (2004; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/SierraLeone.html Madu na Freetown], na citypopulation.de/SierraLeone, looked up on 27 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lee nke ozo==
* [[Afrịka]]

== Links n'aga n'ezi== &lt;!--external links--&gt;

* Offical websit: [http://www.statehouse.gov.sl/ The Republic of Sierra Leone], na békè', looked up on 27 February 2016.
* [http://www.usl.edu.sl/ The University of Sierra Leone], looked up on 27 February 2016.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092442/http://njala.edu.sl/ The Njala University of Sierra Leone], looked up on 27 February 2016.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;


{{commons|Sierra Leone}}

{{Ala no n'ime Afrịka}}

{{ÉdéNtạ}}

[[Òtù:Ala no n'ime Afrịka]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Guinea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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|conventional_long_name = République de Guinée&lt;br /&gt;
(''Republic of Guinea'')
|common_name = Guinea (Guinea-Conakry)
|image_flag = Flag of Guinea.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Guinea.svg
| symbol_type = Ihü
|image_map = LocationGuinea.svg
|capital  = [[Conakry]] 
|largest_city = 
|area_km2  = 245,836
|area_sq_mi = 94,926 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 
|population_census = 10,523,261 (''2014'')&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Guinea-Cities.html Madu na Guinea],citypopulation.de/Guinea-Cities, looked up on 27 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency  = [[Guinean franc]]
|currency_code = GNF
|time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|utc_offset = ±0
|asusu_obodo = [[french]]
}}

[[File:2013 Conakry Guinea 14418728438.jpg|thumb|292px|[[Conakry]] bụ íshi oche Guinea.]]

'''Guinea''' (''République de Guinée''), nke ana-kpo kwa, ''Republic of Guinée'' na ''Guinea-Conakry'', bu otu obodo no na [[Afrịka]]. [[Mádu]] jùrù ya nke 10,523,261 (2014; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Guinea-Cities.html Madu na Guinea],citypopulation.de/Guinea-Cities, looked up on 27 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; O no n'etiti [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Senegal]], [[Mali]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Liberia]] na [[Sierra Leone]]. 

Íshi oche Guinea bu ebe ana-kpo [[Conakry]], nwéré madu ha sị rùrù, 1,660,973 (2014; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Guinea-Cities.html Madu na Conakry], na citypopulation.de/Guinea-Cities, looked up on 27 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Galerie ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Guinea sat.png|atlas Guinea
File:Dame de Mali Guinée.jpg|[[w:fr:Mont Loura|Dame de Mali]]
File:Chute de Tabouna à Kindia 01.jpg|[[w:fr:Chute de Tabouna|Chute de Tabouna]] à [[w:fr:Kindia|Kindia]]
File:Chute de Saala vue à 360° Labé.jpg|[[w:fr:Chute de Saala|Chute de Saala]] [[w:fr:Labé|Labé]]
File:Chimpanzé de Bossou 33.jpg|Chimpanzé de Bossou
File:Plage de Roume.jpg|Plage sur les [[w:fr:Îles de Loos|Ile de Loos]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;
==Lee nke ozo==
* [[Afrịka]]
[[ndeputa nke isi nke steeti nke Guinea ]]

== Links n'aga n'ezi== &lt;!--external links--&gt;

* Offical websit: [http://www.gouvernement.gov.gn/ Portail officiel du gouvernement de la République de Guinée], na french, looked up on 27 February 2016.
* [http://www.univ-kag.org/ Université Kofi Annan de Guinée], looked up on 27 February 2016.
* [http://uganc.org/ Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry], looked up on 27 February 2016.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160314072630/http://uncgn.com/ Université Nongo Conakry], looked up on 27 February 2016.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305032629/http://universiteunic.com/ Université UNIC], looked up on 27 February 2016.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160307000313/http://univ-barackobama.com/ Université Barack Obama], looked up on 27 February 2016.


== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;


{{commons|Guinea}}

{{Ala no n'ime Afrịka}}

{{ÉdéNtạ}}

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  <page>
    <title>Guinea-Bissau</title>
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|conventional_long_name = República da Guiné-Bissau&lt;br /&gt;
(''Republic of Guinea-Bissau'')
|common_name = Guinea-Bissau
|image_flag = Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Guinea-Bissau.svg
| symbol_type = Ihü
|image_map = LocationGuineaBissau.svg
|capital  = [[Bissau]] 
|largest_city = 
|area_km2  = 36,125
|area_sq_mi = 13,948 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 22.4&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html The World Factbook], CIA Directorate of Intelligence, 24 July 2008, looked up on 26 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_census = 1,520,830 (''2009'')&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/GuineaBissau.html Madu na Guinea-Bissau],citypopulation.de/GuineaBissau, looked up on 27 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency  = [[West African CFA franc]]
|currency_code = XOF
|time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|utc_offset = ±0
|asusu_obodo = [[portuguese]]
}}

[[File:Bissau4.jpg|thumb|292px|[[Bissau]] bụ íshi oche Guinea-Bissau.]]

'''Guinea-Bissau''' (''República da Guiné-Bissau''), nke ana-kpo kwa, ''Republic of Guinea-Bissau'', bu otu obodo no na [[Afrịka]]. [[Mádu]] jùrù ya nke 1,520,830 (2009; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/GuineaBissau.html Madu na Guinea-Bissau],citypopulation.de/GuineaBissau, looked up on 27 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; O no n'etiti [[Senegal]] na [[Guinea]]. 

Íshi oche Guinea-Bissau bu ebe ana-kpo [[Bissau]], nwéré madu ha sị rùrù, 387,909 (2009; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/GuineaBissau.html Madu na Bissau ], na citypopulation.de/GuineaBissau, looked up on 27 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lee nke ozo==
* [[Afrịka]]

== Links n'aga n'ezi== &lt;!--external links--&gt;

* Offical website of [https://web.archive.org/web/20160301032110/http://gov.gw/index.php?lang=pt Governo da Guiné-Bissau], na portuguese, looked up on 27 February 2016.
* Offical website of [https://web.archive.org/web/20140517134739/http://guinebissaurepublic.com/ Guinea-Bissau], na békè, looked up on 27 February 2016.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;


{{commons|Guinea-Bissau}}

{{Ala no n'ime Afrịka}}

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    <title>Senegal</title>
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{{Ngwómárí Obodo
|conventional_long_name = République du Sénégal&lt;br /&gt;
(''Republic of Senegal'')
|common_name = Senegal
|image_flag = Flag of Senegal.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Senegal.svg
| symbol_type = Ihü
|image_map = LocationSenegal.svg
|capital  = [[Dakar]] 
|largest_city = 
|area_km2  = 196,712
|area_sq_mi = 76,000 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 2.1&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html The World Factbook], CIA Directorate of Intelligence, 24 July 2008, looked up on 26 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_census = 13,508,715 (''2013'')&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Senegal.html Madu na Senegal], na citypopulation.de/Senegal, looked up on 27 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency  = [[CFA franc]]
|currency_code = XOF
|time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|utc_offset = ±0
|asusu_obodo = [[french]]
}}

[[File:The bustling streets of Dakar, Senegal (6953619940).jpg|thumb|292px|[[Dakar]] bụ íshi oche Senegal.]]

'''Senegal''' (''République du Sénégal''), nke ana-kpo kwa, ''Republic of Senegal'', bu otu obodo no na [[Afrịka]]. [[Mádu]] jùrù ya nke 13,508,715 (2013; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Senegal.html Madu na Senegal], na citypopulation.de/Senegal, looked up on 27 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; O no n'etiti [[Mauritania]], [[Mali]], [[Guinea]], [[Guinea-Bissau]] na [[The Gambia]]. 

Íshi oche Senegal bu ebe ana-kpo [[Dakar]], nwéré madu ha sị rùrù, 2,646,503 (2013; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Senegal.html Madu na Dakar], na citypopulation.de/Senegal, looked up on 27 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lee nke ozo==
* [[Afrịka]]
ATU

== Links n'aga n'ezi== &lt;!--external links--&gt;

* Offical websit: [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516093351/http://www.gouv.sn/ Gouvernement du Sénégal], na french, looked up on 27 February 2016.
* List of Universities of Senegal at [https://www.unirank.org/sn/ranking/ ''unirank.org''], looked up on 27 February 2016.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;


{{commons|Senegal}}

{{Ala no n'ime Afrịka}}
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    <title>The Gambia</title>
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{{Ngwómárí Obodo
|conventional_long_name = Republic of The Gambia&lt;br /&gt;
(''The Gambia'')
|common_name = Gambia
|image_flag = Flag of The Gambia.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of The Gambia.svg
| symbol_type = Ihü
|image_map = LocationGambia.svg
|capital  = [[Banjul]]
|largest_city = [[Serekunda]]
|area_km2  = 10,689
|area_sq_mi = 4,007 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 11.5&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190412030811/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ga.html The World Factbook], CIA Directorate of Intelligence, 24 July 2008, looked up on 28 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_census = 1,882,450 (''2013'')&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Gambia.html Madu na The Gambia], na citypopulation.de/Gambia, looked up on 28 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency  = [[Dalasi]]
|currency_code = GMD
|time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|utc_offset = ±0
|asusu_obodo = [[Bekee]]
}}

[[File:Banjul-King-Fahad-Mosque-2007.jpg|thumb|292px|Banjul bụ íshi oche The Gambia.]]

'''The Gambia''' (''Gambia''), nke ana-kpo kwa, ''Republic of the Gambia'', bu otu obodo no na [[Afrịka]]. [[Mádu]] jùrù ya nke 1,882,450 (2013; census).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Gambia.html Madu na ''The Gambia''], na citypopulation.de/Gambia, looked up on 28 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; O no n'etiti [[Senegal]].

Íshí oche ya bu ebe ana-kpo [[Banjul]], nwéré madu ha sị rùrù, 31,301 (Local Government Area; census 2013).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Gambia.html Madu na Banjul Local Government Area], na citypopulation.de/Gambia, looked up on 28 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Banjul, Gambia (1816- )|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/banjul-gambia-1816/|work=BlackPast.org|date=2015-03-03|accessdate=2025-03-24|language=en-US|author=Ayodale Braimah}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lee nke ozo==
* [[Afrịka]]

== Links n'aga n'ezi== &lt;!--external links--&gt;

* Offical websit of [https://web.archive.org/web/20091229013144/http://www.statehouse.gm/ The Republic of The Gambia] - State House online, bekee, looked up on 28 February 2016.
* Information about the University of Gambia at [http://www.accessgambia.com/information/university.html accessgambia.com], bekee, looked up on 28 February 2016.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;


{{commons|Gambia|Gambia}}

{{Ala no n'ime Afrịka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gambia, The}}

[[Òtù:Ala no n'ime Afrịka|Gambia]]

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{{Ngwómárí Obodo
|conventional_long_name = Àgwè Saint Helena&lt;br /&gt;
(''Saint Helena Island'')
|common_name = St. Helena
|image_flag = Flag of Saint Helena.svg
|image_coat =
| symbol_type = Ihü
|image_map = United Kingdom on the globe (Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha special) -1(Africa centered).svg
|capital  = [[Jamestown]] 
|largest_city = [[Half Tree Hollow]]
|area_km2  = 121
|area_sq_mi = 47&lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 
|population_census = 3,981 (''2008'')&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/StHelena.html?admid=7359 Madu na Saint Helena], citypopulation.de/StHelena, looked up on 17 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency  = [[Saint Helena Pound]]
|currency_code = SHP
|time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|utc_offset = ±0
|asusu_obodo = [[bekee]]
|drives_on = left
|cctld  = [[.sh]]
|calling_code = +290
}}


'''Saint Helena''' bụ otu obodo no na [[Afrịka]].

== Ǫmúmú-àlà == &lt;!--geography--&gt;

Saint Helena bụ àgwè di na ebe ndida [[Òrìmìlì Atlantic]] (&lt;small&gt;coordinates {{coor dms|15|56|00|S|05|43|12|W|}}&lt;/small&gt;). O no n'etiti Afrịka na [[South America|Amerikạ]]. 

Àgwè onwéré [[Madu|mádu]] ha sị rùrù, 3,981 (''2008, census'') na 4,580 (''2015; projection'').&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/StHelena.html?admid=7359 Madu na Saint Helena], citypopulation.de/StHelena, looked up on 17 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ịsị óche bụ [[Jamestown]]. Ama ugwu no na akuku Òrìmìlì Atlantic. Jamestown onwéré mádu ha sị rùrù, 640 (''2008, census'').&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/StHelena.html?admid=7359 Madu na Saint Helena], citypopulation.de/StHelena, looked up on 17 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!-- Airport? --&gt;

== Ǫchịchi obodo ==

Saint Helena, [[Ascension Island|Ascension]] na [[Tristan da Cunha]] bụ ''[[British Overseas Territory]]'', ya mere akụkụ nke [[Njikota Ochíchìézè]]. 

== Ákíkó mbu ==

[[Napoleon]] (''Napoléon Bonaparte'') (15 Ọgọọst 1769 - 5 Mee 1821) bụrụ onye french na [[eze]] n'ime France. Ebe ọ bụ na 1815 ire ọkụrụ na Saint Helena na nwụrụ ebea n'afọ 1821. 

== Ihu igwe ==&lt;!--weather--&gt;

Etiti ekpemeoku ya no na 21.8 °C (na ebe ugwu-ọdịda anyanwụ nke àgwè). Ozuzomiri ya bụ ihe dika 114 mm nime otu afǫ (nakwa ebe ugwu-ọdịda anyanwụ nke àgwè).&lt;ref&gt;[http://sainthelenaisland.info/weatherchart.jpg Ihu igwe Saint Helena] na sainthelenaisland.info/weatherchart, looked up on 17 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lee nke ozo==
* [[Afrịka]]
* [[Njikota Ochíchìézè]]

== Links n'aga n'ezi== &lt;!--external links--&gt;
{{commons|Saint Helena}}
* Official Websit of the [http://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/ Saint Helena Government], looked up on 17 March, bekee, 2016.
* Websit of [http://sainthelenaisland.info/index.htm Saint Helena Island Info]: All about St. Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean, looked up on 17 March, bekee, 2016.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Sh location atlantik3.png|British Overseas Territory.
Saint Helena regions map.svg|Topographical map of Saint Helena with settlements and airport.
Klimadiagramm-metrisch-deutsch-Saint Helena-GB.png|Ihu igwe na Saint Helena, [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú]].
St Helena Airport Terminal (16331626258).jpg|Saint Helena Island airport terminal under construction in September, 2014.
Church 218 Baptist St Helena Sandy Bay Baptist Chapel.jpg|Saint Helena Sandy Bay Baptist Chapel.
Longwood House.jpg|Longwood House, Napoleon’s residence on St. Helena from 1815 until his death six years later.
Longwood (16307269790).jpg|Landscape of Longwood House.
Lot and Lot's Wife in background.jpg|''Lot'' and ''Lot's Wife'' in the background.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Ala no n'ime Afrịka}}

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    <title>Chidinma and Chidiebere Aneke</title>
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      <text bytes="2691" sha1="ptbrl40cm9uo0trb03zku1qvjt71vok" xml:space="preserve">Afọ ọmụmụ ha: Amụrụ Chidinma na Chidiebere Aneke n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na anọ nke ọnwa Ọgọọstị, n'afọ 1986(afọ iri atọ na isii)  

Steeti ha: Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria 

Akaọrụ ha: Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, Ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri.   

'''Chidinma na Chidiebere Aneke''' {{Audio|Ig-Chidinma na Chidiebere Aneke.ogg|Audio}} bụ ụmụ ejima enwere n'ụlọ ọrụ Nollywood, ndị ama ama dịka ejima Aneke. A mụrụ ha na ndịda nke Nigeria, [[Ȯra Enugu|steeti Enugwu]] kpọmkwem. Ọ bụ ha bụ ụmụ ikpeazụ nye ezinụlọ Aneke. Ha bụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri 

A mụrụ '''Chidinmma na Chidiebere''' n'ụbọchị mbụ nke ọnwa Ọgọọstị1986 na steeti Enugu, Nigeria n'ime ezinaụlọ ụbara nke nwere ndị nwunye atọ. Ha nwere nna bara ọgaranya nke lekọtara ha anya nke ọma mana ihe gbanwere mgbe nna ha nwụsịrị na e kewara ihe onwunwe ya n'etiti ndị ezinụlọ ha. Ha nwetara asambodo iha akwụkwọ praịmarị na nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndịrị na steeti Enugwu. Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị, Chidinma na Chidiebere gara Mahadum nke Nigeria, Nsuka ebe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bachelor na Mass Communication na Bachelor na Banking na Finance n'otu n'otu. 

'''Ụmụ ejima Aneke''' sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ Nollywood na 1999 ebe ha so wee mepụta ihe nkiri 'Ebuka' nke bụ ihe nkiri mbụ ha. Ihe nkiri 'Ebuka' nyere ha ezi ọnụdọ  na Nollywood. N'afọ 2004, ụmụ ejima Aneke bụụrụ ndị ama ama n'ihe nkiri aha ya bụ 'Desperate Twins' nke mere ka ha nweta nhọpụta maka Ọrụ Kachasị Mma nke Nlele Anya na Onyinye Nleta Ndị Anwansi nke Africa. Ha emeela ihe karịrị fim iri asatọ. Ha emepụtala ọtụtụ ihe nkiri Nollywood dịka; 'Obi Isiaku', 'Onochie', 'Broken Ambition' na 'Adaora '. 

Ndị Enyi Na-ekwo ekworo 

Ụmụ ejima na-achọsi ihe ike 

Ụmụ nwanyị Lagos 

Ntiwasị Oke ọchịchọ

== Ntụrụ ugo ==
Onyinye inyere mmadụ aka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://stargist.com/entertainment/nigerian_celebrity/the-aneke-twins-bag-humanitarian-award-in-the-us/|title=The Aneke Twins Steal The Show As They Bag Humanitarian Award In US|date=2016-09-27|work=Nigerian Celebrity News + Latest Entertainment News|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-11-17|access-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117233635/https://stargist.com/entertainment/nigerian_celebrity/the-aneke-twins-bag-humanitarian-award-in-the-us/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aneke, Chidinma and Chidiebere}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Mohammed Mana</title>
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'''Mohammed Mana''' (amụrụ n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1950) bụ onye nchịkwa agha nke [[Ȯra Plateau|Plateau Steeti]] n'agbata ọnwa Disemba nke afọ 1993 na ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1996 n'oge ọchịchị ọchịagha [[Sani Abacha]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://rulers.org/nigastat.html|title=Nigeria States|work=Rulers.org|accessdate=2 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A hoputara ya dịka Sịnetọ n'ahụ maka ugwu [[Ȯra Adamawa|Adamawa]] n'afọ 2007 n'okpuru otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] (PDP). &lt;ref name=&quot;nassnig&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=21|title=Sen. Mohammed Mana|publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria|accessdate=2 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403022552/http://nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=21|archivedate=3 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndabere ==
A mụrụ Mana n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa Ọktoba nke afọ 1950. Ọ gara kọleji gọọmentị, Keffi . O nwetara akara diplọma na teknụzụ mmanụ site n'ụlọ akwụkwọ quartermaster Ndị agha US  n'afọ 1976. N'afọ 1987, ọ nwetara akara diplọma na nchịkwa ọhaneze na mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Zaria . &lt;ref name=&quot;nassnig&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ agha ==
Dị ka Gọvanọ [[Ȯra Plateau|Plateau Steeti]], n'afọ 1994, Lt. Col. Mohammed Mana hiwere kọmishọn ga-eleba anya n'ime nsogbu agbụrụ dị na [[Jos]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201002110638.html|title=Jos - Once Upon a Peaceful Town|work=Daily Champion|author=Achilleus Chud-Uchegbu|date=10 February 2010|accessdate=2 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsogbu ndị a bụ n'ihi esemokwu dị n'etiti Berom, Anaguta, na Afizere n'otu akụkụ, na agbụrụ [[Ndi Haụsa|Hausa]] -Fulani n'aka nke ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.pointblanknews.com/os2846.html|title=Whitepaper on the Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the riots of 12th April, 1994 in Jos Metropolis|work=Point Blank News|date=September 2004|accessdate=2 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe butere ọgbaghara bụ nhọpụta Mana họpụtara onye Hausa ka ọ bụrụ &quot;onye isi oche Kọmitii nlekọta&quot; Jos. 

Mana lara ezumike nká na ndị agha n'ọnwa June nke afọ 1999 mgbe Onye isi ala [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] nyere iwu na ndị niile bụ ndị nchịkwa ndị agha ga ala ezumike nka.

== Ọrụ ndị nkịtị ==
Mgbe ọ bụrụ Sịnetọ n'onwa Mee nke afọ 2007, a họpụtara Mana ka ọ bụrụ onye otu kọmitii na Nhọrọ, Ike, Njikọta na Imekọ Ihe ọnụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;nassnig&quot;/&gt; A họpụtakwara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi ụtarị nke Sineti. Ọ kwadoro nkwado mmezi iwu n'ụlọ ọrụ n'ahụ maka oke ala n'afọ 2009 yana akwụkwọ iwu maka njikwa ụtaba, n'afọ 2009. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200905250350.html|title=An Improved Senate, But Some Uninspiring Senators...|work=ThisDay|date=24 May 2009|accessdate=2 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ na -ekwu okwu n'onwa Maachị nke afọ 2009 na mkpesa Ndozigharị ntuli aka nke kọmitii nke ikpe ziri ezi nke Mohammed Uwais na-achị ọ tụrụ aro ka ndị isi otu ahụ họpụta onye isi Ụlọ ọrụ Ntuli Aka Mba, mana a ga -enyocha nyocha ikpe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200903301276.html|title=National Assembly Will Decide Who Becomes INEC Chairman - Mana|work=Leadership|author=Stanley Yakubu|date=29 March 2009|accessdate=2 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dika emechara Nnapụ ọchịchị n'ke nke ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2010 na Niger, onye isi sineti David Mark rịọrọ Mohammed Mana na Sịnetọ John Shagaya nke [[Ȯra Plateau|Plateau Steeti]] ka ha jiri njikọ chiri anya ha na ndị isi ndị agha ọhụrụ nke [[Niger]] gbaa ha ume ka ha nabata ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201002260401.html|title=Senate Tasks Ecowas, Others On Coup in Niger|work=ThisDay|author=George Oji and Sufuyan Ojeifo|date=26 February 2010|accessdate=2 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2010, a họpụtara Mana ka ọ bụrụ otu onye n'ime kọmitii mmadụ iri abụọ ga achọta ụzọ isi dozie nsogbu nke [[Jos|Jos na-]] enwe, ebe e nwere ọgba aghara na-enweghị atụ n'etiti [[Ndi áláküba|ndị Alakụba]] na [[Onye Kraịst|Ndị Kraịst]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201003110366.html|title=Jos - Northern Senators, Reps Move to End Crisis|work=Daily Trust|date=11 March 2010|accessdate=2 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ntuli aka nke ntuli mba emere n'ụbọchị itooly nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 2011, Mana bụ onye na-asọ mpi na ntuliaka PDP ka ọ bụrụkwa onye ga-anọchite mpaghara ọchịchị sineti nke ugwu Adamawa. Agbanyeghị, ọ tụfuru nhọpụta. Mana tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa megide nhọpụta Umar Bindo Jibrilla dị ka onye ga -azọ ntụli aka nke ugwu Adamawa. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2011, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke dị [[Abuja|n'Abuja]] kagburu mkpesa ahụ dị ka enweghị uru. Mana rịọrọ mkpesa a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenigeriandaily.com/2011/03/30/mana-bent-advised-to-obey-court-order-on-senate-tickets/|date=30 March 2011|work=Nigerian Daily|title=Mana, Bent advised to obey court order on Senate tickets|accessdate=23 April 2011|archive-date=23 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323012046/http://www.thenigeriandaily.com/2011/03/30/mana-bent-advised-to-obey-court-order-on-senate-tickets/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akụkọ mbụ nke nsonaazụ ntuliaka mpaghara ọchịchị ugwu nke Adamawa kwuru na Bindo Jibrilla ( [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] ) meriri onye bụ gọvanọ Boni Haruna nke [[Action Congress|Action Congress of Nigeria]] (ACN), wee nweta vootu Puku iri asaa na ise, otu narị na iri na abụọ tụnyere Haruna nwere puku iri asaa na narị asatọ na iri itoolu. Onye mere ntụli aka n'okpuru otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Abba Mohammed, nwetara vootu puku iri abụọ na abụọ, narị asatọ na iri isii na isii. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://news2.onlinenigeria.com/politics/89251-nass-poll-acn-presidential-candidate-ribadu-loses-in-adamawa.html|title=NASS Poll: ACN Presidential Candidate Ribadu Loses In Adamawa|work=Online Nigeria|date=4 December 2011|accessdate=23 April 2011|archive-date=28 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728122559/http://news2.onlinenigeria.com/politics/89251-nass-poll-acn-presidential-candidate-ribadu-loses-in-adamawa.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọọrụ Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) kọkwara nke a n'ụbọchị iri na isii nke ọnwa Eprel. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inecnigeria.org/downloads/?did=114|title=Collated Senate results|publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission|accessdate=23 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419203046/http://www.inecnigeria.org/downloads/?did=114|archivedate=19 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agbanyeghị, ka ọ na -eru ụbọchị iri abụọ n'ato nke ọnwa Eprel, Njikọ Ntuli akaNaịjirịa na -akọ na Mana bụ onye otu PDP meriri ntuli aka ahụ . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nigeriaelections.org/nass.php|title=Senatorial Elections|publisher=Nigeria Elections Coalition|accessdate=30 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413044448/http://nigeriaelections.org/nass.php|archivedate=13 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
 {{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mana, Mohammed}}

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Ndị Mmadụ si Adamawa Steeti]]
[[Otú:Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Adamawa Steeti]]
[[Òtù:Ndị ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Naijirịa nke afọ narị iri abụọ n'otu]]
[[Òtù:Ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]]
[[Òtù:Ndị otu Sịneti (Naịjirịa)]]
[[Òtù:Ndị Gọvanọ Plateau State]]
[[Òtù:Ndị Ọchịagha Naịjirịa]]
[[Òtù:Ndị Alakuba Naịjirịa]]
[[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1950]]
[[Òtù:Ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchi Peoples Democratic Party]]</text>
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    <title>Malam Saguirou</title>
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Malam Ibrahim Mahaman Saguirou bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Niger. Ihe nkiri ya emeriela ọtụtụ ihe nrite mba ụwa. 

== Ọrụ ==
Saguirou malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Stage IFTIC Contrechamps na Niger na 2002. Na 2004, ọ kwagara Africadoc na Dakar. Ọ gbara akwụkwọ na Moppan na Jos, Nigeria, na 2005, wee rụọ ọrụ na Cinédoc na Annecy, France, n'otu afọ ahụ. Site na 2005 ruo Jenụwarị 2007, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ode akwụkwọ na onye na-eme fim Kutus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Saguirou Malam|url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=16031&amp;utm_source=newsletter&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=506|work=Africultures|accessdate=2021-11-23|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2006, ọ gara Berlinale Talent Campus. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Berlinale Talent Campus|url=http://www.berlinale-talentcampus.de/campus/talent/malamibrahimmalammahaman-mahamansaguirou/profile|work=web.archive.org|date=2012-04-20|accessdate=2021-11-23|archivedate=2012-04-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420222247/http://www.berlinale-talentcampus.de/campus/talent/malamibrahimmalammahaman-mahamansaguirou/profile}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saguirou guzobere Dangarama na Maachị 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Na Disemba 2006, nzukọ mbụ nke African Forum of Documentary Film kpuchiri Saguirou's Un Africain an Annecy (onye Africa na Annecy), lee anya nke ọma na nwa okorobịa Africa na-achọpụta obodo ọdịda anyanwụ n'oge njem mbụ ya na France. Ihe nkiri ya nke abụọ, La chèvre qui broute, je mange, tu mange (Ewu na-ata nri, m na-eri nri, ị na-eri), na-ekwu maka okwu nrụrụ aka na Niger. Wunye Meilleur na wụsa l'Oignon! (For the Best and the Onion! - 2008) bụ ihe nkiri gbasara alụmdi na nwunye na ọrụ nri na omenala Niger.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=LA DIFFUSION DES FILMS NIGERIENS Mamounia Zakaria|url=http://www.grecirea.net/textes/13Maimouna10.html|work=www.grecirea.net|accessdate=2021-11-23|archivedate=2020-11-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108152405/http://www.grecirea.net/textes/13Maimouna10.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere otu nwa okorobịa na-akpa yabasị bụ́ onye a na-arụgide ka ọ na-emepụta ihe ka ukwuu iji nweta ego ọ ga-eji lụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.unifrance.org/film/32032/pour-le-meilleur-et-pour-l-oignon|title=Pour le meilleur et pour l'oignon ! (2008)|work=uniFrance Films|language=French|accessdate=2012-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụzọ jupụtara n'ihe mgbochi nke Ousseini, onye isi ọdịnala nke òtù ndị na-anụ anụ nke Zinder, bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri ya 2008 ''La Robe du temps'' (The Robe of Time). N'ime ihe nkiri abụọ a, a manyere Saguirou ka ọ bụrụ onye mmepụta nke ya n'ihi enweghị ego zuru oke na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri na obodo ya. 

== Ihe nkiri ==
Ihe nkiri Saguirou gụnyere: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
! Aha
! Ụlọ ọrụ
! Ọrụ
|-
| 2011
| Ah ! Ndị ogbenye
| Dangarama
| Onye nduzi
|-
| 2008
| La Robe du temps
| Adalios/Dangarama
| Onye nduzi, onye ode akwụkwọ, onye nduzi foto
|-
| 2008
| Wunye Meilleur na wụsa l'Oignon!
| Adalios/Dangarama/Les Films du Kutus/TV Rennes 35
| Onye na-emepụta ihe, onye nduzi foto
|-
| 2006
| Na Africa a Annacy
| Ihe nkiri Cinédoc
| Onye nduzi
|-
| 2005
| Le Chasseur de Vent
| Les Films du Kutus
| Onye nduzi, onye na-emepụta ihe, onye edemede
|}

== Ntụaka ==
 
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|residenceAïcha Macky]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
Acha Macky (amuru Jenụwarị 8, 1982) bụ onye Niger na-eme ihe nkiri na ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze. &lt;ref name=&quot;sociologist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amesall.rutgers.edu/global-africa/symposium/participants/participants-list/448-macky-aicha|title=Macky, Aicha: Sociologist and Filmmaker, Niger Republic|publisher=amesall|accessdate=11 October 2020|archivedate=20 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020000222/https://www.amesall.rutgers.edu/global-africa/symposium/participants/participants-list/448-macky-aicha}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya nke ọma maka iduzi akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ The Fruitless Tree. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/217691742|title=The Fruitless Tree / a film by Aicha Macky.|publisher=African Filmny|accessdate=11 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Na Jenụwarị 8, 1982, a mụrụ ya. Nne ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ na-amụ nwa mgbe ọ dị afọ ise. &lt;ref name=&quot;africultures&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://africultures.com/the-fruitless-tree-by-aicha-macky-13693/|title=The Fruitless Tree by Aïcha Macky: Woman among mothers|publisher=africultures|accessdate=11 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara akara ugo mmụta Master I na Audiovisual and Creative Documentary na Niger's Institut de Formation aux Techniques de l'Information et de la Communication (Training Institute for Information and Communication Technologies: IFTIC) na 2013, na nzere Master II grade in Sociology and Ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri na Mahadum Gaston Berger dị na Sénégal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africanfilmny.org/films/the-fruitless-tree/|title=The Fruitless Tree|publisher=African Filmny|accessdate=11 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Macky mere mpụta mpụta mbụ ya Moi et ma maigreur na 2011, nke bụ maka echiche ndị Niger banyere ahụ dị gịrịgịrị. N'ịgbaso ọganihu nke mpụta mbụ ya dị mkpirikpi, o kere Savoir faire le lit, bụ nke na-enyocha esemokwu dị n'etiti nne na ụmụ nwanyị na Niger banyere agụmakwụkwọ mmekọahụ. N'afọ 2016, o wepụtara ihe nkiri izizi ya, L'Arbre sans Fruit, nke gbadoro ụkwụ na ahụmịhe onwe ya na enweghị ọmụmụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ihe nkiri ahụ enwetala nkwanye ùgwù dị egwu ma nweta ihe nrite 50 na mmemme ihe nkiri na gburugburu ụwa. Ọwa NHK Japan zụtara ya tupu ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;macky&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.3continents.com/en/individu/aicha-macky-2/|title=Aïcha Macky biography|publisher=3continents|accessdate=11 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/aicha-macky/|title=Aïcha Macky biography|publisher=African Filmny|accessdate=11 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enyere ihe nrite akwụkwọ akụkọ na Africa Movie Academy Awards na ihe nkiri a na June 2016. (AMAA). &lt;ref name=&quot;africultures&quot; /&gt;

Na mgbakwunye na ịse ihe nkiri, ọ bụ onye nkuzi nke ndị nkuzi na sinima mkpanaka. Ọ na-akụziri ndị na-eto eto ka ha na-emeziwanye mma nke obere ihe nkiri banyere ezigbo esemokwu na mba ndị gbara agbata obi dị ka Nigeria, Libya, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, na Mali. Ọ nwetara ihe nrite n'aka ndị Alumni of the Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI), mmemme America nke onye isi ala mbụ Barack Obama hiwere. Ka oge na-aga, onye minista na-ahụ maka omenala ndị France Republic nyere ya aha Ordre des Arts et des Lettres maka ntinye aka ya na ọdịmma ndị Niger na sinima. &lt;ref name=&quot;macky&quot; /&gt;

Ebuliri Macky n'ọkwa nke Knight of the Academic Palms of the Niger Republic, wee ruo n'ọkwa nke Knight of Arts. E wezụga nke ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya onye nnọchi anya Oasis Niger incubator center, nke na-ahụ maka inye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ike na mpaghara ahụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ na-eje ozi na kọmitii International for African Cinematographic Heritage's Board of directors (CPCA). &lt;ref name=&quot;sociologist&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
! Ihe nkiri
! Ọrụ
! Ụdị
! Ref.
|-
| 2011
| ''Moi et ma maigreur'' (M na nke m)
| Onye nduzi
| Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi
|
|-
| 2013
| ''Savoir faire le lit'' (Mara ka esi eme akwa)
| Onye nduzi
| Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi
|
|-
| 2016
| ''L'Arbre enweghị mkpụrụ'' ( Osisi Na-amịghị mkpụrụ )
| Onye nduzi
| Akwụkwọ akụkọ
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pointdujourinternational.com/catalogueFiche.php?idFiche=38341|title=The Fruitless Tree|publisher=Point du jour international|accessdate=11 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ntụaka ==
 {{reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|nm10511266}} 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201012225015/https://afridocs.net/film-directors/aicha-macky/ Onye isi ihe nkiri]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Macky, Aïcha}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] bụ mba dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka, ya na Republic of [[Benin]] n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, [[Chad]] na [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na [[Niger]] n'ebe ugwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=nationsonline.org|first=klaus kästle-|title=Nigeria - Country Profile - Nations Online Project|url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/nigeria.htm|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=www.nationsonline.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụsọ oké osimiri ya dị na Gulf of Guinea n'ebe ndịda ma na-ejikọta Lake Chad n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ihe ndị ama ama na Naịjirịa gụnyere Adamwa Plateau, Mambilla Plateau, Jos Plateau, Obudu Plateau, Osimiri Niger, [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Osimiri]] Benue, na Niger Delta.

A na-ahụ Naijiria n'ebe okpomọkụ, ebe ihu igwe na-adị mmiri n'oge na-adịghị anya ma na-adị ezigbo mmiri. Naịjirịa nwere ụdị ihu igwe anọ; a na-ejikarị ụdị ihu igwe ndị a eme ihe site na ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu.

N'inwe mpaghara nke 923,768 km2, isi iyi Naịjirịa bụ Niger, ebe ọ nwetara aha ya site na, na Benue, isi iyi nke Niger. Ebe kachasị elu na mba ahụ bụ Chappal Waddi (ma ọ bụ Gangirwal) na 2,419 m (7,936 ft.), nke dị n'ugwu Adamawa na Gashaka-Gumti ogige ọha, Taraba Stati, na ókèala ya na Cameroon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=nationsonline.org|first=klaus kästle-|title=Nigeria - Country Profile - Nations Online Project|url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/nigeria.htm|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=www.nationsonline.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isi obodo ya bụ Abuja, nke dị na ebe a na-elekwasị anya na mba ahụ, ebe Lagosụ bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị mkpa nke mba ahụ, etiti ego na obodo kachasị ukwuu. A na-ekwurịta okwu n'asụsụ ndị dị iche iche bụ Bekee (nke gọọmentị), Hausa, Igbo, a na-enyocha na Naịjirịa nwere ihe dị ka 250 dị iche iche agbụrụ-etymological.
[[Usòrò:An_image_from_a_rainy_day_in_south_eastern_Nigeria.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo na South-East Nigeria.]]
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, nke Köppen climate nghazi okwa kpọrọ &quot;Am&quot;, dị n'akụkụ ndịda nke mba ahụ. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe a na-emetụta mmiri ozuzo sitere na South Atlantic Ocean, nke ikuku MT (maritime tropical) na-eweta na mba ahụ, ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ nke mmiri na-ekpuchi mmiri site n'oké osimiri gaa n'ala. Okpomọkụ ya na oke iru mmiri ya na-enye ya ọchịchọ siri ike ịrịgo ma mepụta nnukwu mmiri ozuzo, nke bụ n'ihi mkpokọta mmiri na ikuku na-arị elu ngwa ngwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/390302/monsoon|title=Monsoon - meteorology|work=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke okpomọkụ nwere obere okpomọkụ. Mgbe ahụ, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịgide adịgide n'afọ niile; dịka ọmụmaatụ, [[Warri]] na mpaghara ndịda Naịjirịa na-edekọ ihe kachasị elu nke 28 (82.4 °F) maka ọnwa ya kachasị ọkụ ebe okpomọkụ ya kachasị ala bụ 26 °C (78.8 ) n'ọnwa ya kachasị jụụ.

Akụkụ ndịda Naịjirịa na-enwe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo. Oké ifufe ndị a na-abụkarị convectional n'okike n'ihi ịdị nso nke mpaghara ahụ na belt equatorial. Mmiri ozuzo a na-enweta kwa afọ na mpaghara a dị elu nke ukwuu. Niger Delta na-enweta ihe karịrị 4,000 mm (157.5 in) nke mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ. Ndị ọzọ dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ -enweta n'etiti 2,000 na 3,000 mm (118.1 in) nke mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ. Mpaghara ndịda Naịjirịa na-enwe mmiri ozuzo okpukpu abụọ nke mmiri ozuzo abụọ dị elu, na oge ọkọchị dị mkpirikpi na oge ọkọchukwu dị ogologo na-ada n'etiti na mgbe ọ bụla. Oge mmiri ozuzo mbụ na-amalite na Machị ma na-agwụ na ngwụcha Julaị na ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu na June, oge mmiri ozuzo a na-esote obere ezumike mmiri n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ nke a maara dị ka ezumike Ọgọustụ nke bụ obere oge ọkọchị na-adịru izu abụọ ruo atọ n'ọngọst. Oge mmiri ozuzo dị mkpirikpi na-amalite na mbido Septemba ma na-adịgide ruo n'etiti Ọktọba na oge kachasị elu na njedebe Septemba. Ọgwụgwụ nke oge mmiri ozuzo dị mkpirikpi n'ọnwa Ọktoba na-esochi oge ọkọchị dị ogologo. Oge a na-amalite site na ngwụcha Ọktọba ma na-adịgide ruo mmalite Machị na ọnọdụ ọkọchị kachasị elu n'etiti mmalite Disemba na ngwụchi Febụwarị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cometonigeria.com/nigeria/climate.html|title=Climate &amp;#124; Cometonigeria.com|accessdate=2011-05-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511223039/http://www.cometonigeria.com/nigeria/climate.html|archivedate=2011-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg|thumb|300x300px|Köppen climate classification map nke Nigeria]]
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe savanna na-ekpo ọkụ (Aw) ma ọ bụ ihu igwe mmiri na-ekpuchi na mpaghara ma kpuchie ọtụtụ n'ime ọdịda anyanwụ ruo etiti Naịjirịa, ebe ọ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na mpaghara ahụ. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe a mejupụtara ihe ka ukwuu na mba ahụ ma nwee oge mmiri ozuzo na oge ọkọchị dị iche iche na otu ọnụ ọgụgụ a maara dị ka oge okpomọkụ kachasị elu. Okpomọkụ dị n'elu 18 °C (64 ) n'afọ niile. [[Abuja]], isi obodo Naịjirịa nke dị n'etiti Naịjirị, nwere okpomọkụ dị 18.45 (65.21 °F) ruo 36.9 °C (98.4 ) mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ nke ihe dị ka 1,500 mm (59.1 in) na otu mmiri ozuzo kachasị na Septemba. Oge ọkọchị na-ewere ọnọdụ site na Disemba ruo Machị ma na-ekpo ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ na ifufe Harmattan, ikuku na-ekpuchi okpomọkụ (CT) nke jupụtara na uzuzu sitere na Sahara, na-adị n'oge a niile.

Site na mpaghara Intertropical Convergence Zone na-aga n'ebe ugwu n'elu ọdịda anyanwụ Afrika site na Southern Hemisphere n'ọnwa Eprel, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na-abịa site na igwe ojii convective tupu oge ọnwa na-abịa n'ụdị akara mmiri ozuzo nke a makwaara dị ka ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ mepụtara n'ihi mmekọrịta nke ikuku abụọ na-achịkwa na Naịjirịa a maara dị ka mmiri ozuzo mmiri ozuzo (ebe ndịda) na kọntinent okpomọkụ (ebe ugwu ọ na-amalite na-eme n'etiti Naịga n'ebe ndịda anyanwụ na-amalite n'ọnwarụda anyanwụ na July, na-eme ka mmiri ozu na-eme na-emechi mmiri ozuzo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF01043455|volume=41|title=Initiation of West African squall lines|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_meteorology-and-atmospheric-physics_1989_41_2/page/99|year=1989|journal=Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics|pages=99–103|author=Adedoyin, J. A.|issue=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; iri ozuzo zuru oke na etiti ịjirịa dịgasị iche site 1,100 mm (43.3 in) na ala dị ala ruo ihe karịrị 2,000 mm (78.7 in) n'akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Jos Plateau.

Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ (BSh) na-adịkarị n'ime Sahel n'akụkụ ugwu nke Naịjirịa. Ngụkọta mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ dị ala. Oge mmiri ozuzo n'akụkụ ugwu nke Naịjirịa na-ewe ọnwa atọ ruo anọ (June wee rue septemba). Oge fọdụrụ n'afọ na-ekpo ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ na okpomọkụ na-arịgo elu ruo 40 °C (104.0 ). Potiskum, Yobe State nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Naịjirịa dekọrọ okpomọkụ kachasị ala na Naịjirị nke 2.8 °C (37.0 ).

A na-ahụ ihu igwe Alpine ma ọ bụ ihu igwe ugwu ma ọ bụ ugwu ugwu na mpaghara ugwu na Naịjirịa. Ugwu nwere ihu igwe alpine na Naịjirịa, karịrị mita 1,520 (4,987 ) n'elu oke osimiri. N'ihi ọnọdụ dị n'ebe okpomọkụ, elu a dị elu iji ruo akara ihu igwe dị n'etiti ebe okpomọkụ si otú ahụ na-enye ugwu, ugwu na mpaghara ala dị larịị nke gụzọ n'elu ịdị elu a, ihu igwe ugwu dị jụụ.

=== Mmiri ozuzo ===
Mmiri ozuzo na mpaghara osimiri nke Niger Delta dị arọ n'ihi ịdị nso nke mpaghara Delta na equator. Ngụkọta mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ dịgasị iche site na 2,400 ruo ihe karịrị 4,000 milimita.

Obodo Niger Delta na mmiri ozuzo ha na-ezo kwa afọ na milimita:

* [[Warri]] bụ 2,730 mm
* Forcados (obodo dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Niger Delta) 4,870 mm
* Port Harcourt 2,400 mm
* [[Calabar]] (obodo dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri) 3,070 mm (obodo kachasị mmiri ozuzo nke nwere ihe karịrị otu nde mmadụ na Naịjirịa)
* Bonny (n'ebe ndịda nke Port Harcourt) 4,200 mm

=== Ifufe ahịa ===

==== Mmiri ikuku nke oké osimiri ====
Mmiri ikụkụ nke oké osimiri (MT) na-akpata oge mmiri ozuzo nke Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Geography of Nigeria {{!}} Naija Motion|url=http://www.naijamotion.com/mockup/about-nigeria/geography-of-nigeria/|accessdate=2022-09-01|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-09-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901113246/http://www.naijamotion.com/mockup/about-nigeria/geography-of-nigeria/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ifufe a na-amalite na Febụwarị n'akụkụ ndịda Naịjirịa ebe ọ na-ewe ogologo oge ka ifufe kpuchie mba ahụ dum, na-eru n'akụkụ ugwu Naịjirịịa na June. Ọnụnọ ya sitere na mgbago ugwu nke Harmattan. Nlaghachi n'ebe ugwu nke ikuku ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ (CT) sitere na ntụgharị anyanwụ n'ebeebe ugwu site na okpomọkụ nke capricorn na mpaghara ndịda gaa na okpompe nke kansa na mpaghara ugwu. Mgbanwe a na-amalite site na Febụwarị ma na-agwụ na June, mgbe anyanwụ dị n'elu n'ebe okpomọkụ nke ọrịa kansa. N'oge a na-aga n'ebe ugwu nke anyanwụ n'ihi na ụwa na-agbadata n'akụkụ axis ya, anyanwụ na-agafe equator (n'ihe dị ka Machị), na-agagharị n'elu West Africa. Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka na-abịa kpọmkwem n'okpuru anyanwụ n'oge a. A na-ekpo ọkụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka dum n'ihi oke okpomọkụ. Okpomọkụ nwere ike ịrịgo ruo 35 °C (95.0 ) n'elu West Africa n'oge a. Okpomọkụ dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke Naịjirịa nwere ike iru 48 °C (118.4 ) n'obodo dị ka [[Maiduguri]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sunday.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3565:maiduguri-residents-how-we-cope-under-harsh-48-degree-celsius&amp;catid=41:latest-news&amp;Itemid=26|title=Maiduguri residents: How we cope under harsh 48 degree celsius|work=sunday.dailytrust.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830073021/http://sunday.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3565%3Amaiduguri-residents-how-we-cope-under-harsh-48-degree-celsius&amp;catid=41%3Alatest-news&amp;Itemid=26|archivedate=2011-08-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okpomọkụ dị elu tinyere mmụba nke insolation na-eme ka mpaghara nke nrụgide dị ala mepụta na ọdịda anyanwụ Afrika na Naijịrịa n'etiti Machị ruo Mee. Mmiri ikuku nke mpaghara okpomọkụ sitere na Sahara na-ebelata site na oke okpomọkụ nke ala. Mbufe okpomọkụ a a-eme ka ikuku gbasaa ma dịkwuo mfe. Mmiri ahụ na-efunahụ ike ya n'ihe dị ka Febụwarị n'akụkụ ndịda Naịjirịa ruo June n'ebe ugwu Naịjirị ma malite ịlaghachi azụ na ịrị elu nke ikuku n'ụdị convection n'ime ikuku a, na-eme ka ike ifufe na-achịkwa ọdịda anyanwụ Africa ghara ịdị ike. Mmiri ahụ mechara si n'ọtụtụ Naịjirịa pụọ n'ihe dị ka Eprel ruo Mee. Ìhè anyanwụ na-abanye n'ime ikuku nke Naijiria karịa ka ọ na-eme n'oge Harmattan, nke nwere uzuzu na anwụrụ ọkụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://desertification.wordpress.com/2010/03/25/late-dust-storm-covers-nigeria-google-ap/|title=Nigeria: Late dust (harmattan) storm covers the country (Google / AP)|date=25 March 2010|work=wordpress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okpomọkụ nke ala ọdịda anyanwụ Afrika na-emepụta mpaghara dị ala na ọdịda anyanwụ Afrika. Mpaghara nrụgide dị ala a na-enyere aka na mmepe nke ikuku ikuku mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ site na ndịda Atlantic.

Mmiri ikuku nke oké osimiri na-ekpo ọkụ, na-ekwo ekpo ọkụ ma na-adịghị akwụsi ike. [citation needed] Convection currents na-emepụta n'ime ikuku mgbe ọ bụla enwere obere ọgba aghara na ikuku n'ihi obere elu dị elu na mpaghara ugwu dị ka Obudu Plateau ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ nke ala nke nwere ike ịkpata mmepụta nke igwe ojii cumulonimbus na-eduga na égbè eluigwe n'ime mmiri. N'oge ikuku ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ, ụtụtụ na-egbuke egbuke ma na-acha anwụ, okpomọkụ anyanwụ nke ala n'ụtụtụ na n'ehihie na-eme ka e nwee ebili mmiri, ebili mmiri ndị a na-arịgo n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ, a na-emepụta igwe ojii cumulonimbus, mmiri ozuzo nwere ike ime n'ehuhie.

Ebili mmiri nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka bụ ihe ọzọ na-eme ka mmiri ozuzo na-ezo n'oge oge okpomọkụ nke ọnwa Mee ruo Septemba. Ọdịdị nke ebili mmiri a na-agbanwe na ihe dị ka 15 degrees north latitude. Ebili mmiri ndị na-agafe n'ebe ndịda nke latitudu a na-ebu mmiri ma na-emepụta convection nke na-eduga na igwe ojii mmiri ozuzo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.spacedaily.com/news/eo-04zzf.html|title=EARTH OBSERVATION Researchers Seeing Double On African Monsoons|author=College Park MD (SPX)|date=Jun 11, 2004|publisher=SPACE MEDIA NETWORK PROMOTIONS|accessdate=27 May 2011|archivedate=10 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010075923/http://www.spacedaily.com/news/eo-04zzf.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.canuk.org.uk/aboutnigeria.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316152855/http://www.canuk.org.uk/aboutnigeria.aspx|archivedate=16 March 2011|title=About the Country Nigeria|year=2011|publisher=CANUK|accessdate=27 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe Naịjirịa dị n'akụkụ mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ nke ebili mmiri ndịda nke 15 degrees north latitude na-emepụta ọnọdụ ihu igwe mmiri na-adịghị na Naịjirị, ọkachasị n'oge mmiri ozuzo.

==== Mmiri nke kọntinent okpomọkụ ====
Mmiri ikuku nke mpaghara okpomọkụ, nke a maara dị ka Harmattan, bụ ifufe sitere na North Afrika nke gafere Sahara gaa West Africa. Mmiri a na-achịkwa ihu igwe Naịjirịa n'oge ọkọchị site na Disemba ruo Machị. Mmiri ikuku nke kọntinent na-ekpo ọkụ bụ uzuzu ma na-emepụta anwụrụ ọkụ n'ime ikuku mgbe ọ na-achịkwa. Anwụrụ ọkụ ahụ bụ n'ihi ájá dị n'ime ikuku na-egbochi ịhụ anya ma na-egide ọtụtụ n'ime ụzarị anyanwụ ka ọ ghara iru n'ụwa. Ọ bụkwa ikuku kpọrọ nkụ nke e guzobere n'elu ala n'ebe dị nso na equator. Mmiri ahụ n'ozuzu ya enweghị mmiri ozuzo ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-emepụta na Sahara, na-emepụta uzuzu karịa mmiri. Mmiri ahụ na-eme ka a ghara ịhụ ihe nke na-egbochi njem, mana ọnụnọ ya na-ewetara ndị ọrụ ugbo ahụ enyemaka ebe ọ bụ na obere iru mmiri dị n'ime ikuku na-eme ngwa ngwa ịcha ihe ọkụkụ ha.

=== Okpomọkụ ===
A na-ekpebi oge na ọdịiche okpomọkụ nke Naijiria site na mmiri ozuzo na oge mmiri ozuzo bụ oge ọkọchị bụ oge ndị dị mkpa na Naijiria. Oge mmiri ozuzo nke Naịjirịa na-eweta ihu igwe dị jụụ na mba ahụ n'ihi oke igwe ojii nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi nke oke anwụ nke okpomọkụ site na igbochi ọtụtụ n'ime ụzarị anyanwụ n'oge mmiri ozuzo; nke a na-eme ka ala dị jụụ, ikuku dị n'elu ala na-anọgide na-ajụ oyi n'oge oge mmiri ozuzo. Mana n'ehihie n'oge mmiri ozuzo nwere ike ịdị ọkụ ma na-ekpo ọkụ. N'oge mmiri ozuzo ọ na-ede mmiri, mmiri ozuzo na-enwekarị ọtụtụ.

Oge ọkọchị nke Naịjirịa bụ oge obere igwe ojii kpuchiri n'akụkụ ndịda Naịjirị ka ọ ghara inwe igwe ojii kpuchie n'akụkụ ugwu Naịjiria. Anyanwụ na-enwu site na ikuku na obere ihe mgbochi site na ihu igwe doro anya na-eme ka oge ọkọchị na Naịjirịa bụrụ oge ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ. N'etiti oge ọkọchị gburugburu Disemba, uzuzu nke Harmattan wetara na-egbochi ụzarị anyanwụ, nke na-ebelata okpomọkụ. Mana site na iwepụ ifufe a n'ihe dị ka Machị ruo Eprel mgbe mmalite nke oge mmiri ozuzo gasịrị, okpomọkụ nwere ike iru 44 °C (111.2 ) n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeria-weather.com/|title=Nigeria Weather|accessdate=2011-05-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326173036/http://www.nigeria-weather.com/|archivedate=2011-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị nro na-adị n'elu ugwu dị n'etiti Naịjirịa n'elu mita 1,200 (3,937 ) n'elu oke osimiri, ya bụ Jos Plateau. Okpomọkụ dị na mbara ala Jos dị n'agbata 16 °C na 25 °C nke na-ajụ oyi n'afọ niile. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị jụụ na-eme n'ugwu ndị dị n'akụkụ ókèala Cameroon nke Nigeria, n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Nigeria. Ugwu dị na mpaghara ndị a na-eru ihe karịrị 1,524 m (5,000 ft) ruo ụfọdụ na-eguzo n'elu 2,000 mita (6,562 ) n'elu oke osimiri. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe n'ugwu ndị a dị jụụ n'afọ niile. Nnukwu ugwu dị na paghara a bụ Obudu Plateau n'elu 1,584 (5,197 ft), Mambilla Plateau n&quot;elu 1,524 m (5,000 ) na Mt. Chappal Waddi n'elu 2,000 m (6,562 ).

=== Ihe Nlereanya ===
{{Weather box|location=Lagos ([[Murtala Muhammed International Airport]]) 1961–1990, extremes: 1886–present|metric first=yes|single line=yes|width=auto|collapsed=yes|Jan record high C=40.0|Feb record high C=37.1|Mar record high C=37.0|Apr record high C=39.6|May record high C=37.0|Jun record high C=37.6|Jul record high C=33.2|Aug record high C=33.0|Sep record high C=33.2|Oct record high C=33.7|Nov record high C=39.9|Dec record high C=36.4|year record high C=40.0|Jan high C=32.2|Feb high C=33.2|Mar high C=32.9|Apr high C=32.2|May high C=30.9|Jun high C=29.3|Jul high C=28.2|Aug high C=28.3|Sep high C=28.9|Oct high C=30.3|Nov high C=31.4|Dec high C=31.8|year high C=30.8|Jan mean C=27.3|Feb mean C=28.4|Mar mean C=28.5|Apr mean C=28.0|May mean C=27.0|Jun mean C=25.6|Jul mean C=25.2|Aug mean C=25.0|Sep mean C=25.5|Oct mean C=26.4|Nov mean C=27.2|Dec mean C=27.2|year mean C=26.8|Jan low C=22.4|Feb low C=23.7|Mar low C=24.1|Apr low C=23.7|May low C=23.2|Jun low C=21.9|Jul low C=22.3|Aug low C=21.8|Sep low C=22.1|Oct low C=22.4|Nov low C=23.0|Dec low C=22.5|year low C=22.8|Jan record low C=12.6|Feb record low C=16.1|Mar record low C=14.0|Apr record low C=14.9|May record low C=20.0|Jun record low C=21.2|Jul record low C=15.0|Aug record low C=19.0|Sep record low C=13.0|Oct record low C=17.9|Nov record low C=11.1|Dec record low C=11.6|year record low C=11.1|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=13.2|Feb precipitation mm=40.6|Mar precipitation mm=84.3|Apr precipitation mm=146.3|May precipitation mm=202.4|Jun precipitation mm=315.5|Jul precipitation mm=243.0|Aug precipitation mm=121.7|Sep precipitation mm=160.0|Oct precipitation mm=125.1|Nov precipitation mm=39.7|Dec precipitation mm=14.8|year precipitation mm=1506.6|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=1.5|Feb precipitation days=2.8|Mar precipitation days=6.6|Apr precipitation days=9.0|May precipitation days=12.5|Jun precipitation days=16.2|Jul precipitation days=13.2|Aug precipitation days=11.6|Sep precipitation days=12.7|Oct precipitation days=11.2|Nov precipitation days=4.9|Dec precipitation days=2.1|year precipitation days=104.3|Jan humidity=81|Feb humidity=79|Mar humidity=76|Apr humidity=82|May humidity=84|Jun humidity=87|Jul humidity=87|Aug humidity=85|Sep humidity=86|Oct humidity=87|Nov humidity=84|Dec humidity=82|year humidity=83|Jan dew point C=21|Feb dew point C=24|Mar dew point C=25|Apr dew point C=25|May dew point C=24|Jun dew point C=24|Jul dew point C=23|Aug dew point C=23|Sep dew point C=24|Oct dew point C=24|Nov dew point C=24|Dec dew point C=23|Jand sun=5.3|Febd sun=6.1|Mard sun=5.6|Aprd sun=6.0|Mayd sun=5.7|Jund sun=3.8|Juld sun=3.2|Augd sun=3.5|Sepd sun=3.8|Octd sun=5.4|Novd sun=6.2|Decd sun=6.2|Jan sun=164.3|Feb sun=168.0|Mar sun=173.6|Apr sun=180.0|May sun=176.7|Jun sun=114.0|Jul sun=99.2|Aug sun=108.5|Sep sun=114.0|Oct sun=167.4|Nov sun=186.0|Dec sun=192.2|year sun=1843.9|source 1=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1952–1967),&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_652010_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Lagos-Ikeja (Flugh.) / Nigeria
| publisher = Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
| access-date = 7 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; NOAA (monthly sun hours)&lt;ref name = lagOsNOAA&gt;
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/NI/65201.TXT
| title = Lagos Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 7 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;|source 2=Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)&lt;ref name = meteoclimatlagos&gt;
{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&amp;id=1769
| title = Station Murtala
| publisher = Meteo Climat
| language = fr
| access-date = 7 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/lagos/climate
|title = Climate &amp; Weather Averages in Lagos, Nigeria
|publisher = Time and Date
|access-date = 10 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Weather Atlas (daily sun hours)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/lagos-climate#daylight_sunshine
|title = Monthly weather forecast and climate in Lagos, Nigeria
|publisher = Weather Atlas
|access-date = 10 January 2022
|accessdate = 8 November 2022
|archivedate = 10 January 2022
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20220110110911/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/lagos-climate#daylight_sunshine
}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}{{Weather box|width=auto|collapsed=yes|location=Port Harcourt (1961-1990 normals)|metric first=Y|single line=Y|Jan high C=32.4|Feb high C=33.4|Mar high C=32.6|Apr high C=32.1|May high C=31.2|Jun high C=30.0|Jul high C=28.8|Aug high C=28.7|Sep high C=29.3|Oct high C=30.2|Nov high C=31.3|Dec high C=31.8|year high C=31.0|Jan low C=21.2|Feb low C=22.5|Mar low C=23.3|Apr low C=23.2|May low C=23.2|Jun low C=22.7|Jul low C=22.4|Aug low C=22.4|Sep low C=22.4|Oct low C=22.4|Nov low C=22.4|Dec low C=21.4|year low C=22.5|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=22.2|Feb rain mm=56.5|Mar rain mm=116.3|Apr rain mm=183.6|May rain mm=222.7|Jun rain mm=273.3|Jul rain mm=356.5|Aug rain mm=326.8|Sep rain mm=367.1|Oct rain mm=263.1|Nov rain mm=96.9|Dec rain mm=25.9|year rain mm=2310.9|Jan rain days=2.2|Feb rain days=4.6|Mar rain days=8.6|Apr rain days=11.6|May rain days=14.2|Jun rain days=16.5|Jul rain days=19.7|Aug rain days=19.8|Sep rain days=20.1|Oct rain days=14.4|Nov rain days=5.9|Dec rain days=2.1|year rain days=139.7|time day=15:00 [[Standard time|LST]]|Jan humidity=54.6|Feb humidity=57.0|Mar humidity=65.3|Apr humidity=70.1|May humidity=74.1|Jun humidity=78.5|Jul humidity=81.1|Aug humidity=81.6|Sep humidity=81.3|Oct humidity=77.7|Nov humidity=69.3|Dec humidity=58.5|year humidity=70.8|Jan sun=142.6|Feb sun=123.2|Mar sun=114.7|Apr sun=132.0|May sun=139.5|Jun sun=102.0|Jul sun=77.5|Aug sun=74.4|Sep sun=78.0|Oct sun=102.3|Nov sun=132.0|Dec sun=148.8|year sun=1367.0|Jand sun=4.6|Febd sun=4.4|Mard sun=3.7|Aprd sun=4.4|Mayd sun=4.5|Jund sun=3.4|Juld sun=2.5|Augd sun=2.4|Sepd sun=2.6|Octd sun=3.3|Novd sun=4.4|Decd sun=4.8|yeard sun=|source 1=[[World Meteorological Organization]]&lt;ref name=HarcourtWMO&gt;
{{cite web
 |url  = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=325
 |title = World Weather Information Service – Port Harcourt
 |publisher = World Meteorological Organization
 |access-date = 7 July 2016
 |url-status = live
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160817043121/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=325
 |archive-date = 17 August 2016
 |df  = dmy-all
}}&lt;/ref&gt;|source 2=NOAA (sun and relative humidity, 1961–1990)&lt;ref name = harcourtNOAA&gt;
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/NI/65250.TXT
| title = Port Harcourt Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 7 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;|date=}}{{Weather box|width=auto|collapsed=yes|location=Abuja|metric first=Yes|single line=Yes|Jan record high C=36.0|Feb record high C=38.4|Mar record high C=39.7|Apr record high C=39.0|May record high C=39.3|Jun record high C=34.0|Jul record high C=32.0|Aug record high C=31.2|Sep record high C=31.0|Oct record high C=35.0|Nov record high C=37.9|Dec record high C=37.6|Jan high C=33.7|Feb high C=37.1|Mar high C=37.0|Apr high C=34.9|May high C=33.7|Jun high C=30.4|Jul high C=28.9|Aug high C=28.4|Sep high C=29.3|Oct high C=30.1|Nov high C=34.7|Dec high C=34.8|year high C=|Jan mean C=26.1|Feb mean C=28.7|Mar mean C=30.5|Apr mean C=28.9|May mean C=28.6|Jun mean C=26.9|Jul mean C=25.9|Aug mean C=24.8|Sep mean C=25.4|Oct mean C=27.0|Nov mean C=28.0|Dec mean C=27.6|year mean C=|Jan low C=19.2|Feb low C=22.2|Mar low C=25.4|Apr low C=24.5|May low C=24.4|Jun low C=23.4|Jul low C=23.1|Aug low C=22.4|Sep low C=22.7|Oct low C=23.6|Nov low C=21.1|Dec low C=20.8|year low C=|Jan record low C=15.0|Feb record low C=18.6|Mar record low C=20.0|Apr record low C=21.7|May record low C=21.6|Jun record low C=20.8|Jul record low C=20.3|Aug record low C=20.0|Sep record low C=20.0|Oct record low C=21.6|Nov record low C=17.0|Dec record low C=17.0|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=3|Feb rain mm=7|Mar rain mm=16|Apr rain mm=73|May rain mm=137|Jun rain mm=187|Jul rain mm=216|Aug rain mm=272|Sep rain mm=233|Oct rain mm=117|Nov rain mm=7|Dec rain mm=2|year rain mm=|Jan rain days=0.1|Feb rain days=0.2|Mar rain days=1.3|Apr rain days=3.2|May rain days=9.4|Jun rain days=10.3|Jul rain days=13.0|Aug rain days=17.2|Sep rain days=15.9|Oct rain days=8.0|Nov rain days=0.3|Dec rain days=0.1|source 1=Deutscher Wetterdienst.&lt;ref name=&quot;AbujaDWD&quot;&gt;[https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_651250_kt.pdf Klimatafel von Abuja.] Retrieved 1 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;|date=September 2012}}{{Weather box|location=Kano (1981-2010)|width=auto|single line=Yes|metric first=Yes|collapsed=Yes|Jan high C=29.0|Feb high C=32.4|Mar high C=36.4|Apr high C=39.1|May high C=37.1|Jun high C=35.4|Jul high C=32.0|Aug high C=30.9|Sep high C=32.3|Oct high C=34.5|Nov high C=33.1|Dec high C=29.9|year high C=33.5|Jan low C=13.7|Feb low C=16.2|Mar low C=20.4|Apr low C=24.5|May low C=25.0|Jun low C=23.7|Jul low C=22.1|Aug low C=21.2|Sep low C=21.9|Oct low C=21.2|Nov low C=17.1|Dec low C=14.2|year low C=20.1|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=0.0|Feb rain mm=0.7|Mar rain mm=1.9|Apr rain mm=8.1|May rain mm=71.3|Jun rain mm=118.7|Jul rain mm=209.0|Aug rain mm=311.2|Sep rain mm=137.0|Oct rain mm=14.1|Nov rain mm=1.0|Dec rain mm=0.0|year rain mm=|Jan rain days=0|Feb rain days=0|Mar rain days=1|Apr rain days=2|May rain days=8|Jun rain days=11|Jul rain days=17|Aug rain days=21|Sep rain days=14|Oct rain days=2|Nov rain days=1|Dec rain days=0|year rain days=72|time day=15:00 [[Standard time|LST]]|Jan humidity=17.0|Feb humidity=13.2|Mar humidity=13.2|Apr humidity=19.1|May humidity=29.5|Jun humidity=44.5|Jul humidity=58.9|Aug humidity=63.6|Sep humidity=55.0|Oct humidity=30.1|Nov humidity=18.1|Dec humidity=17.4|year humidity=31.6|Jan sun=244.9|Feb sun=232.4|Mar sun=238.7|Apr sun=234.0|May sun=263.5|Jun sun=261.0|Jul sun=229.4|Aug sun=220.1|Sep sun=240.0|Oct sun=266.6|Nov sun=264.0|Dec sun=260.4|year sun=2955.0|Jand sun=7.9|Febd sun=8.3|Mard sun=7.7|Aprd sun=7.8|Mayd sun=8.5|Jund sun=8.7|Juld sun=7.4|Augd sun=7.1|Sepd sun=8.0|Octd sun=8.6|Novd sun=8.8|Decd sun=8.4|yeard sun=|source 1=[[World Meteorological Organization]]&lt;ref name = WMOKano &gt;
{{cite web
|url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=2050
|title = World Weather Information Service – Kano
|publisher= World Meteorological Organization
|access-date = 7 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp; [[Danish Meteorological Institute]] (rainfall &amp; rain days)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf
|title=Stations Number 65046
|publisher=Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate
|access-date=26 June 2016
|url-status=unfit
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116071752/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf
|archive-date=16 January 2013
|accessdate=8 November 2022
|archivedate=27 April 2013
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf
}}&lt;/ref&gt;|source 2=NOAA (sun and relative humidity, 1961–1990)&lt;ref name = KanoNOAA&gt;
{{cite web
|url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/NI/65046.TXT
|title = Kano Climate Normals 1961–1990
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
|access-date = 7 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;|date=November 2011}}

== Akụkọ ọdịdị ala ==
[[Usòrò:Nigeria_Topography.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|Akụkọ ọdịdị ala nke Naịjirịa]]
Mpaghara kachasị ukwuu na Naịjirịa bụ nke ndagwurugwu Niger na Benue River, nke na-agbakọta n'etiti onwe ha ma mepụta njikọ &quot;y&quot; na [[Lokoja]]. Ala dị larịị na-arịgo n'ebe ugwu nke ndagwurugwu. N'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Niger, e nwere ugwu &quot;dị elu&quot;, na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ugwu na ugwu Benue ka a na-ahụ ruo n'ókè ya na Cameroon. A na-ahụ ala dị larịị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ.

=== Niger Delta ===
Niger [[Mba Mmiri|Delta]] dị n'akụkụ ndịda Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ otu n'ime osimiri osimiri kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Mpaghara osimiri nke Niger Delta bụ mpaghara mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke dị n'ókè Atlantic. Ogige mangrove bụ ala ahịhịa na-eto eto nke e mepụtara site na usoro reticulate nke iyi ndị jikọtara ọnụ na ndị na-akwado Osimiri Niger. Ihe dị ka 70% nke mmanụ na gas na-emepụta na Naịjirịa sitere n'ógbè ahụ. Nnyocha nchọpụta zuru ụwa ọnụ na-adịbeghị anya na-atụ aro na e nwere 1,244 km2 nke ala mmiri na Naịjirịa, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mba nke iri abụọ na asaa n'ihe gbasara ebe dị larịị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Murray|first=N.J.|title=The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats|journal=Nature|date=2019|volume=565|issue=7738|pages=222–225|doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8|pmid=30568300|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ahịhịa ndu ==
[[Usòrò:Nigeria_veg_1979.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Map ahịhịa nke Naịjirịa.]]
Naijiria nwere ụdị ahịhịa atọ: oké ọhịa (ebe e nwere nnukwu osisi), savannahs (obere osisi, nwere ahịhịhịa na okooko osisi dị n'etiti osisi), na ala ugwu (nke a na-ahụkarị na nke a na-achọta n'ugwu ndị dị nso n'ókè Cameroon. A na-ekewa ma mpaghara ọhịa na mpaghara savannah n'akụkụ atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;gai4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html|title=The Human and Physical Characteristics of Nigeria|accessdate=2007-08-13|work=Geographical Alliance of Iowa|publisher=[[University of Northern Iowa]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328172528/http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html|archivedate=2010-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụfọdụ n'ime mpaghara ndịda nke ọhịa ahụ, ọkachasị gburugburu Osimiri Niger na Cross River deltas, bụ mangrove marsh. N'ebe ugwu nke a bụ mmiri dị ọcha, nke nwere ahịhịa dị iche iche site na mmiri nnu mangrove, na n'ebe ugwu ya bụ ọhịa mmiri ozuzo.&lt;ref name=&quot;gai4&quot;/&gt;

A na-ekewa ụdị atọ nke mpaghara savannah n'ime mosaic ọhịa-savanna nke Guinea, nke nwere ala ahịhịa dị elu nke osisi na-akpaghasị, nke kachasị n'ofe mba ahụ; savannah Sudan, nke nwere ahịhị dị mkpirikpi na osisi dị mkpirimpi; na Sahel savannah patches nke ahịhịrị na ájá, nke a na-ahụ n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;gai4&quot;/&gt;

=== Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi nke osisi ===
Naịjirịa nwere ọtụtụ ụdị osisi, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ụmụ amaala ebe ole na ole bụ ndị pụrụ iche. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke oké ọhịa ndị mmadụ mere na mba ahụ bụ nke ụdị dị iche iche na-achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Onefeli|first=Alfred|date=2014-06-23|title=Early Growth Assessment of Selected Exotic and Indigenous Tree Species in Nigeria|url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/123295|journal=South-East European Forestry|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=45–51|doi=10.15177/seefor.14-06|issn=1847-6481}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a sitere n'echiche na osisi ndị dị iche iche na-eto ngwa ngwa. Otú ọ dị, nnyocha enyochala uto nke osisi ndị a mụrụ n'ala na nke ụdị dị iche iche. N'ihi oke mmebi, usoro okike fọdụrụ na oké ọhịa ndị bụ isi na Naịjirịa na-ejedebe na mpaghara echedoro nke gụnyere otu ebe nchekwa biosphere, ogige ntụrụndụ mba asaa, otu ebe nketa ụwa, 12 Strict Nature Reserves (SNRs), 32 ebe nchekwa egwuregwu / ebe nchekwa anụ ọhịa, na ọtụtụ narị ebe nchekwa ọhịa. Ndị a na-agbakwunye na ọtụtụ ebe nchekwa dị ka arboreta, ogige botanical, ogige zoological, na ụlọ akụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nke ato na nyocha na-elekọta&lt;ref name=&quot;:122&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kallah|first=Muh. S|date=2000-04-10|title=Nutrient composition of native forbs of semi-arid and dry sub-humid savannas of Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_animal-feed-science-and-technology_2000-04-10_84_1-2/page/137|journal=Animal Feed Science and Technology|language=en|volume=84|issue=1|pages=137–145|doi=10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00131-5|issn=0377-8401}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ mba dị n'Afrika na-emetụta Invasive Alien Species (IAS). N'afọ 2004, IUCN World Conservation Union chọpụtara 81 IAS na South Africa, 49 na [[Mauritius]], 37 na [[Algeria]] na [[Madagascar]], 35 na [[Kenya]], 28 na Egypt, 26 na [[Ghana]] na [[Zimbabwe]], na 22 na [[Ethiopia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GISD|url=http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/?st=100ss&amp;fr=1&amp;sts|accessdate=2020-03-16|work=www.iucngisd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, a maghị ihe dị ukwuu banyere IAS na Naịjirịa, ebe ọtụtụ akụkọ teknụzụ na akwụkwọ na-akọ ihe na-erughị osisi 10 na-awakpo na mba ahụ. Ewezuga ndị na-awakpo osisi, a na-ewere ''Rattus rattus'' na nje influenza Avian dị ka IAS na Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot;&gt;United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Invasive Alien Species. ''In'': African Environment Outlook 2: Our Environment, Our Wealth&lt;/ref&gt; Ntinye mbụ nke IAS n'ime Naịjirịa bụ site na mmeghe osisi dị iche iche site n'aka ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala ma ọ bụ maka osisi osisi ọhịa ma ọ bụ iji chọọ ya mma. A na-agba ume ịbanye osisi ndị dị iche iche na Naịjirịa n'oge nnwere onwe site na mmụba nke ọrụ akụ na ụba, mmalite nke nchọpụta mmanụ azụmahịa, mmeghe site na ụgbọ mmiri, na iwebata osisi ịchọ mma site n'aka ndị na-azụ ahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt;
[[Usòrò:Palm-tree-plantation--at-Kwale--Delta-state--beside-OPAC-Refinery-.jpg|thumb|Ubi nkwụ na [[Ȯra Delta|Delta]] State]]
N'ime ala kpọrọ nkụ na ala kpọrọ nká nke West Afrika, gụnyere Naịjirịa, a maara ọtụtụ ụdị ahịhịa ahịhịhịa ọkachasị site na ụdị Crotalaria, ''Alysicarpus'', ''Cassia'' na ''Ipomea'' ka a na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mmepụta anụ ụlọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ewepụ ma ọ bụ bepụ ha ma nye ha nri ma ọ bụ dị ka nri ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ nke echekwara. Ojiji nke ahịhịa ndị a na ọtụtụ ahịhịhịa ọzọ na-eto n'ụzọ okike n'ime ebe ugbo bụ ohere.&lt;ref name=&quot;:122&quot;/&gt;

Ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ a mụrụ na Naijiria, gụnyere soybean na ụdị ya, na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi dị mkpa nke mmanụ na protein na mpaghara a. [citation needed] E nwekwara ọtụtụ osisi nwere ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ nke a na-eji enyere ọgwụgwọ aka n'ọtụtụ akụkụ ahụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ahịhịa ndị a gụnyere ''Euphorbiaceae'', nke na-arụ ọrụ iji nyere aka na ịba, nsogbụ eriri afo na ọtụtụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ. Ihe dị iche iche na-akpata nrụgide dị ka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ala na-edozi ahụ dị ala na ihe na-emetụta ụmụ ahụhụ emeela ka ubi ọka bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Olaoye|first=G|date=2010-02-15|title=Evaluation of new generations of maize streak virus (msv) resistant varieties for grain yield, agronomic potential and adaptation to a southern guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria|journal=Agro-Science|volume=8|issue=2|doi=10.4314/as.v8i2.51107|issn=1119-7455}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka mmepụta ihe na-abawanye, ọ na-etinye ụdị osisi dị n'oké ọhịa n'ihe ize ndụ nke mmetọ ikuku na nyocha egosiwo na n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Naịjirịa, osisi egosila nnagide ma na-eto n'ebe nwere mmetọ ifufe dị ukwuu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Agbaire|first=P. O.|date=2009|title=Air Pollution tolerance indices (apti) of some plants around Otorogun Gas Plant in Delta State, Nigeria.|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/55251|journal=Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management|language=en|volume=13|issue=1|doi=10.4314/jasem.v13i1.55251|issn=1119-8362}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe onwunwe okike na ojiji ala ==
Ihe onwunwe sitere n'okike nke Naịjirịa gụnyere ma ọ bụghị nanị mmanụ ala, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, natural gas, hydropower, na ala a na-akọ ugbo.

== Ihe ndị dị oke njọ ==
Nke a bụ ndepụta nke ebe ndị dị oke egwu nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], ebe ndị dị n'ebe ugwu, ndịda, ọwụwa anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ọdịda anyanwụ karịa ebe ọ bụla ọzọ.

* Ebe kachasị n'ebe ugwu bụ ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na [[Niger]] ozugbo n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Chadawa, Sokoto Steeti.
* Ebe kachasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] n'ebe ugwu nke obodo Munyego, Borno Steeti.
* Ebe ndịda kachasị n'ebe ndịda bụ ala a na-akpọghị aha n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Egeregere, Bayelsa State.
* Ebe kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ bụ ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na [[Benin|Benin Republic]] ozugbo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo Beninoise nke Jabata, Oyo State.

== Hụkwa ==

* Mgbanwe ihu igwe na Naịjirịa

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Odida ala Naijiriịa]]
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      <text bytes="321635" sha1="pyk3i5ys0sy29v9903p3pnsg6d7i0zy" xml:space="preserve">Abụ m Olugold ọ na-amasị m inye aka na ọrụ Wikimedia Foundation.

== Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? ==

Hi! Olugold,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

Please vote and encourage other editors of Igbo Wikipedia to also vote.

Regards, [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 16:39, 11 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC)

:Thank you so much [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 20:41, 11 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC)

== Stefania Turkewich ==

Thank you very much for this article, Olugold! [[Ọbanife:Nicola Mitchell|Nicola Mitchell]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Nicola Mitchell|kwuo]]) 10:02, 14 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

:Anytime!😊👍🏾 [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 11:38, 14 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

== [[:Òtù:Candidates for speedy deletion]] ==

Hi, can you please review these deletion requests? '''[[User:Rschen7754|Rs]][[User talk:Rschen7754|chen]][[Special:Contributions/Rschen7754|7754]]''' 23:58, 8 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:Done! Thank you! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 07:20, 9 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[file:Ask Me Anything on Movement Charter, Introduction by Érica Azzellini, English, Nov 12, 2022.webm|thumb|320px|Ask Me Anything session introduction (12 November), presented by a Movement Charter Drafting Committee member.]]

* MCDC members attended the “[[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#Ask Me Anything on Movement Charter sessions|'''Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter''']]” sessions to provide more information about the Movement Charter, its goal, why it matters and how it impacts the communities. Recordings of the presentations in different languages can be found [[m:c:Category:Movement_Charter_videos|here]].
* [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|'''The Movement Charter Ambassadors Program''']]: Movement Charter Ambassadors (MCA) are individuals or groups interested in helping to ensure that their communities are fully engaged in community consultations. MCA are interested in supporting their communities to understand the content of the Movement Charter as well as ensuring that their communities can easily provide feedback. Anyone can become a MCA! [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/grant|Dedicated funds are available]] to support the MCA and their activities. Are you interested in becoming a Movement Charter Ambassador for your community? Sign up [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/Join|here]]!
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcements/Closing membership|'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee will close membership''']]: The  Committee decided not to add new members or replace those who step down after 1 January 2023, unless for exceptional reasons.
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#October 2022|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in October''']]:  The Committee released its regular monthly update from October 2022. It includes highlights about the Committee's progress in drafting the Movement Charter content, its upcoming community consultation and participation at Wikimedia events.

'''Coming up''':

* '''[[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#Community_consultation|Regional feedback conversations]]:''' The MCDC’s community consultations to collect feedback on the first three sections of the Movement Charter will take place between November 20 and December 18, 2022. You are invited to join one of the regional conversations planned for the eight regions (and various languages) of the Movement. Please note that interested people can share their feedback in different ways, including on the [[m:Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]], on the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/c/ensure-equity-in-decision-making/movement-charter/21 Movement Strategy forum], filling out a [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 survey] (anonymously) and sending an email to: [mailto:movementcharter@wikimedia.org movementcharter{{@}}wikimedia.org].
* '''Sign up [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/Join|here]]''' to become a Movement Charter Ambassadors from your community and help ensure that your community is aware of the conversations around the Movement Charter!  
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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--13:37, 20 Novemba 2022 (UTC).
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfirst newsletter, covering November 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Activities'''
* Current: Women in Climate Change editathon in various languages (1 December 2022 - 31 January 2023) (SDG 5 &amp; 13) [17]
* Past: Wikipedia and sustainability, how to increase knowledge on climate change? (SDG all) [1]
* Past: Wikidata editathon in Swedish during COP 27 (SDG  13) [2]

'''News'''
* Wikimedia Nederland signed the Wikimedia Affiliates Environmental Sustainability Covenant (SDG all) [3]
* WikiProject Govdirectory was featured as Digital Public Goods (SDG 16) [11]
* The theme for Wiki Loves Africa 2023 has been revealed: Climate and weather (SDG  13) [16]

'''Resources'''
* Let's Connect learning report - pilot phase 2022 (SDG 17) [15]

'''Research'''
* Recommendations for use of annotations and persistent identifiers in taxonomy and biodiversity publishing [SDG 15) [7]
* A longitudinal analysis of gender diversity in Wikipedia articles (SDG 5) [13]

'''Videos'''
* 10 Anos de Wikidata: Wikidata for Open Access to Cultural Heritage, por Susanna Ånäs (AvoinGLAM) (SDG 11) [14]

'''New WikiProjects'''
* Myosotis Pilot (SDG 15) [12]

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* Bank of information on the historical and cultural heritage of the Republic of Belarus (SDG 11) [4]
* Louisiana Plant ID (SDG 15) [5]
* DrugCentral ID (SDG 3) [8]
* Probes And Drugs ID  (SDG 3) [9]

'''New Wikidata query examples'''
* Map of water bodies in France (SDG 14) [6]
* Gender balances of winners of literary awards (SDG 5) [10]

'''Links'''
* [1] https://www.wikimedia.nl/session_wikiconnl22/
* [2] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Sweden/Swedish_Riksdag_documents/Kopplingssprint_COP_27
* [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Affiliates_Environmental_Sustainability_Covenant
* [4] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11184
* [5] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11189
* [6] https://w.wiki/5wCp
* [7] https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e97374
* [8] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11198
* [9] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11199
* [10] https://w.wiki/5$BR
* [11] https://mailchi.mp/c3e4c371c62a/announcing-new-dpga-members-and-strengthening-dpi-12387620
* [12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM/Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa/What_We%27ve_Done/Myosotis_Pilot
* [13] https://observablehq.com/@pac02/wednesday-index
* [14] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vgh5_oD1yec
* [15] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Let%27s_Connect_learning_report_-_pilot_phase_2022.pdf
* [16] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Africa_2023
* [17] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Climate_Change_2022

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 22:05, 1 Disemba 2022 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Movement Charter - Values and Principles presentation - November 2022.webm|thumb|256px|right|Presentation about the Values &amp; Principles chapter by MCDC member [[m:User:Geugeor|Georges Fodouop]].]]
[[File:Wikimedia Movement Charter - Roles and Responsibilities presentation - November 2022.webm|thumb|256px|right|Presentation about the Roles and Responsibilities chapter (statement of intent) by MCDC member [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]].]]

* [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#November%202022|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in November''']]''':''' As usual, the Committee released its regular monthly updates from November 2022. This month’s updates include highlights about the external facilitator hiring, next in-person meeting of the Committee and updates about the new drafting groups, among others. 
* [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|'''First community consultation period:''']] From mid November to mid December 2022 the Committee members took part in 8 regional feedback sessions. Committee members joined the sessions to provide clarifications and answer to questions that came from different language communities on the Movement Charter. 
** Recordings of the presentations shared during the regional meetings are available [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Regional Conversations#Regional%20conversation|here]] for those interested. 
** A list '''[[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Frequently Asked Questions|Frequently Asked Questions]]''' that came up in the calls is available on Meta. 
** If you have not shared your feedback on the drafts of the Movement Charter yet, please do so by filling out this [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 '''anonymous survey'''], which is open until '''January 2, 2023''' and is available in '''more than 12 languages'''. 
* [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|'''The Movement Charter Ambassador Program''']] received over 15 proposals. The ambassadors are currently putting their initiatives into action in various local communities. The Movement Charter Ambassadors Program will once again be opened for applications in the second quarter of 2023, in preparation for the next  round of Movement Charter consultations. Both individuals and organizations will be able to apply. Those interested in becoming Movement Charter Ambassadors are encouraged to [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/Join|sign-up]]. 

'''Coming up''':
* '''Community Conversations summary:''' [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|The Movement Strategy and Governance]] team of the Wikimedia Foundation will prepare and publish the final summary report of the community feedback in January 2023. The report will be shared with the MCDC and the communities on different channels of communication. 
* '''Feedback on the Movement Charter:''' There will be additional ways to engage with the Movement Charter content, including the early feedback on the proposed ratification process and a new set of draft chapters in the second quarter of 2023. 
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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--14:27, 22 Disemba 2022 (UTC).
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== Ihe nrite Onye Ntinyeaka ==


{| style=&quot;background-color: #CEF2D4; border: 10px solid Green;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Silverwiki 2 za zásluhy.png|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''Onye ntụgharị Pụrụ iche n'afọ 2022'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | Anyị n'ekele gị maka ọrụ ị na-arụ na &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 Wikipidia Igbo]&lt;/span&gt;. '''Daalụ maka ịtụgharị edemede karịrị nari abụọ'''. Ị mere nke ọma, jisie ike! 
[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 10:48, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC)
|}

:Obi dị mu ụtọ maka ihe nrite nke afọ a. Daalụ nke ukwu! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 20:55, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15)
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15)

'''Resources'''
* New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&amp;t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine &amp; Biota] (SDG 15)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13)
* [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) 
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14)
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14)
* [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 &amp; 14) 
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity &amp; inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

'''Resources'''
* [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Noun Scroll 308110.svg|120px|right]]
* '''First Community Consultation:''' A concise summary of the community consultation on the initial three drafts of the Charter is now available for your review [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Summary|on Meta]] and [[wmfblog:2023/02/07/movement-charter-community-consultation-summary/|on the Diff platform]]. In addition, you can read about MC Ambassadors are sharing about their experiences: 
** [[wmfblog:2023/02/10/highlights-of-the-movement-charter-drafting-committees-first-community-consultation/|Highlights of the community consultation process, as well as about the Movement Charter Ambassador Program]]. 
** [[wmfblog:2023/02/10/igbo-wikimedians-communitys-participation-in-the-movement-charter-consultation/|The Igbo Wikimedia community’s participation in the MC consultation]].
** [[wmfblog:2023/02/01/ambassadors-of-the-movement-charter-draft-committee-in-the-arabic-speaking-community-share-their-experience/|The experience of Arabic-speaking community members]]. 
* '''What’s next after the community feedback period?''' The Committee is currently reviewing the detailed feedback which consists of 59 pages of comments, in March the Committee will share their response to the comments. The detailed version of the feedback, which the Committee is reviewing, is also available [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/2022|on this Meta page]]. 
* '''MCDC’s Virtual Working Session:''' The Committee gathered virtually from 3rd to 5th February to work on the drafts of the following new set of [[m:Movement Charter/Content|chapters of the Movement Charter]]: Global Council, Hubs, Decision Making, and Roles &amp; Responsibilities. The Committee members worked in their smaller drafting groups first. The full Committee then convened, with representatives of each drafting group presenting the progress made so far, as well as about what type of support is needed for their future sessions. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#January 2023|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in January''']]''':''' The update includes details of the meetings held by the Committee in the month of January 2023, stakeholder conversations, completed work as well as about the new drafting groups, creating glossary and independent legal review. 

'''Coming up:'''
* '''Community feedback on the ratification methodology''' proposal of the future Movement Charter. The feedback was postponed until March 2023. The communities will be able to review the ratification methodology and share their early input on the open questions.  
* '''The MCDC will soon announce a “Call for Advisors”.''' The call will be an invitation for interested individuals with relevant expertise and knowledge to participate in drafting the Charter. Advisors will be considered non-voting members.
* '''Responses to the community consultation feedback''' by the MCDC. The Committee has been carefully reviewing feedback collected in the consultation from November &amp; December 2022, and will publicly share responses to the feedback by March.   
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--14:20, 22 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC).
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== A new Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions update is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-02-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: the latest changes in our development team, info about our participation at the latest Conversation with Trustees, links to the recordings of our last week's meetings, and the latest development updates.

Enjoy the reading!

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 11:28, 27 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
'''Meetings'''
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all)
* [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest &quot;Environmental sustainability and climate crisis&quot; topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all)
* Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on &quot;Tools for Finding the Right Articles&quot; and &quot;Building Article List with Petscan&quot;]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2)

'''Resources'''
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3)

'''Research'''
* [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7)

'''Wikidata query examples'''
* [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11)

'''Featured articles'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15)
File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15)
File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15)
File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15)
File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15)
File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15)
File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15)
File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #106 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract_Wikipedia/Updates/2023-03-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: an essay from Denny about deconstructing narratives around functions, links to the recordings of our last presentations, and the latest development updates.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1678127403 today at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading!

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 09:21, 6 Maachị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #107 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract_Wikipedia/Updates/2023-03-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: an essay from Denny about where to store objects for Abstract Wikipedia (and relative problems with such issue) and the next appointment with the community.

About the last point, we remind you that the next Natural Language Generation workstream public meeting will be held on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679416242 March 21, at 16:30 UTC] on Jitsi ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading!

--  [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 11:02, 17 Maachị 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Noun Scroll 308110.svg|120px|right]]
* '''Call for Advisors'''! Individuals interested to support the Drafting Groups or the Subcommittees of the MCDC in the role of an advisor can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd2Fp9NxOox_nxjf9kgV8Q7InIPm4jO9rLmteNkUV34vSHatA/viewform fill out the advisory application form] by May, 2023. The MCDC will be contacting interested individuals on a rolling basis. Do you want to know more about it? Please [[wmfblog:2023/02/21/movement-charter-drafting-committee-call-for-advisors/|read here for more information]]. The information is also available in [[wmfblog:ar/2023/03/02/لجنة-صياغة-ميثاق-الحركة-دعوة-مستشارين/|Arabic]], [[wmfblog:es/2023/03/01/comite-de-redaccion-de-la-carta-del-movimiento-convocatoria-de-asesores/|Spanish]], [[wmfblog:fr/2023/02/27/comite-de-redaction-de-la-charte-du-mouvement-appel-aux-conseillers/|French]], [[wmfblog:pt/2023/02/24/comite-de-redacao-da-carta-do-movimento-wikimedia-chamada-para-pessoas-assessoras/|Brazilian Portuguese]], [[wmfblog:ru/2023/03/02/комитет-по-разработке-устава-движени/|Russian]] and [[wmfblog:zh-hant/2023/03/02/運動憲章起草委員會：徵求顧問/|Chinese]] languages respectively. 
* '''Movement Charter Ambassadors from the Latin America and the Caribbean region''' share their experiences of organizing community conversations on the Movement Charter. Please read the Diff blog [[wmfblog:pt/2023/03/12/programa-de-pessoas-embaixadoras-da-carta-do-movimento-wikimedia-na-america-latina-e-no-caribe/|in Brazilian Portuguese]] and in [[wmfblog:es/2023/03/16/programa-de-embajadores-de-la-carta-del-movimiento-wikimedia-en-america-latina-y-el-caribe/|Spanish languages]]. 
* '''Casual updates''': The MCDC publishes regular casual updates after bi-weekly full Committee meetings, as well as after other drafting group and subcommittee meetings. If you are interested, please read casual updates [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates/Casual|here on Meta]] and on [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-drafting-committees-casual-updates/2079 Movement Strategy Forum]. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#February 2023|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in February''']]''':''' As usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. The MCDC’s monthly updates are also [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charters-discussion-and-monthly-updates/363/20 shared on the multilingual Movement Strategy forum]. 

'''Coming up'''

* '''[[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Responses|MCDC Responses to the community feedback]]''': The MCDC published responses [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Summary|to the community feedback]] on the first set of drafts (collected during a consultation in November - December 2022). The response includes a [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Responses|Summary]], as well as some [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/2022|specific responses to the full community feedback]] (highlighted in orange).
* '''Revised Movement Charter drafts:''' The MCDC will share in the coming month the revised versions of the first two chapters: [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Preamble|Preamble]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]] (including a newly-added glossary), and the revised [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities intentions statement]].
* '''Ratification methodology consultation''': The MCDC is working on a new proposal (not available yet) for a [[m:Movement Charter/Ratification|ratification methodology]]. The proposal will be discussed through a community consultation process, including live meetings to provide feedback. 

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''

&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--11:34, 21 Maachị 2023 (UTC).
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #108 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-03-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue we announce [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-21780-7_6 a new paper] about Natural Language Generation by [https://www.cse.chalmers.se/~aarne/ Aarne Ranta], member of the Abstract Wikipedia NLG Special Interest Group and professor at the [[:w:en:University of Gothenburg|University of Gothenburg, Sweden]]. The paper is also accessible as a pre-print [https://www.grammaticalframework.org/~aarne/preprint-AAM-textgen.pdf here].

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1680543035 April 3, 2023 at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading!

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 10:50, 24 Maachị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15)
* [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism &amp; Folklore] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5)
* [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15)
Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15)
Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15)
Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15)
Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15)
Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15)
Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15)
Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15)
Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15)
Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15)
Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15)
Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15)
Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15)
Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15)
Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15)
Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15)
Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15)
Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15)
Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15)
Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15)
Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15)
Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15)
Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 07:42, 1 Eprel 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:MCDC_pre_work_at_New_York_BoT_retreat.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Committee's meeting in New York, in early March.]]
* '''Starting conversations on how to ratify the Movement Charter:''' The Committee invites the Wikimedia movement to express opinions on the [[m:Movement Charter/Ratification|'''proposed Movement Charter ratification methodology''']] from April 10 to April 28. Everyone is invited to share feedback [[m:Talk:Movement Charter#Ratification methodology|on the Meta talk page]] or the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-ratification-methodology-community-review-from-10-28-april-2023/2930 Movement Strategy forum]. Two community conversation hours are planned to take place: on '''April 18 at 10.00 UTC''' and '''April 24 at 17.00 UTC'''. Please [[m:Movement Charter/Ratification/Ratification methodology review launch|read the details here]]. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Responses|'''MCDC’s responses to the community feedback are now on Meta''']]''':''' The Committee has shared a summary of their responses and next steps based on the feedback from the first round of community consultation which took place late 2022.
* '''What to read on Diff?''' 
** [[wmfblog:2023/03/17/4-movement-charter-ambassadors-from-the-french-speaking-community-share-their-experience/|'''Learn more about the Movement Charter Ambassadors work''']]''':''' Movement Charter Ambassadors from the French-speaking community share their experience. 
** MCDC member [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]] has written a blog post titled “[[wmfblog:2023/03/30/an-excerpt-from-my-life-movement-strategy-and-mcdc/|An excerpt from my life, movement, strategy and MCDC]]”. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#Meetings|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in March''']]''':''' the monthly Committee’s updates include information about the coordination efforts with Wikimedia Germany, update on membership, submission to Wikimania 2023, participation at the Wikimedia Foundations Board of Trustees’ strategic retreat in New York in March 2023. 

'''Coming up:''' 

* '''Revised chapters:''' The Committee is preparing to publish the revised draft chapters of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Preamble|The Preamble]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities]] intentions statement, based on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/2022|the community feedback]] received in November and December 2022. 
* '''Inviting advisors and experts:''' The Committee is preparing to welcome a number of advisors from outside the Committee. All interested Wikimedians were invited to apply earlier (you can still [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd2Fp9NxOox_nxjf9kgV8Q7InIPm4jO9rLmteNkUV34vSHatA/viewform apply here]!). Additionally, the Committee is planning and scheduling meetings with individuals with specific sets of expertise in various topics, including stewards, movement committees, Wikimedia Foundation and affiliate staff, and others.

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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--19:18, 15 Eprel 2023 (UTC).
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #109 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-04-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: a reflection about implementation of functions, a [https://keet.wordpress.com/2023/03/14/some-reflections-on-designing-abstract-wikipedia-so-far/ reflection on Abstract Wikipedia] from [[User:Keet10|Prof. Maria Keet]], and a reminder about an in-person talk about Abstract Wikipedia in Sweden.

Also, we remind you that the next Natural Language Generation special interest group public meeting will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682440206 April 25, 2023 at 16:30 UTC]''' on Jitsi ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]). Special guest of the meeting will be [https://github.com/olpa/multi-nlg Oleg Parashchenko], who will share his experience and thoughts about implementing a multilingual NLG system. 

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 09:11, 21 Eprel 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #110 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-04-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: Wikimedia Endowment finances development of the project, and the team has published its manifesto, Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) and communications principles.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1683567008 May 8, 2023 at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:54, 2 Mee 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15)
* Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&amp;ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13)
* [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)

'''Research'''
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4)
* [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51]
* [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11)
* [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15)
Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15)
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15)
White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15)
Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2)
Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula &amp; Canna indica (SDG 15)
Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15)
Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15)
Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15)
Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15)
Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15)
Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15)
Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15)
Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15)
Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38]
Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39]
California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40]
Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15)
Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15)
White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43]
Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15)
Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15)
Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 19:31, 2 Mee 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
'''Updates:''' 
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#April_2023_ratification_methodology_community_review|Charter Ratification Methodology proposal conversations]]''': The Movement Charter Drafting Committee recently held the first conversations regarding the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification|ratification methodology for the Movement Charter]]. The MCDC has received valuable feedback from different communities and the Committees during the community input period. The report of the community input will be shared in May, while the updated version of the ratification methodology will be presented between September and November 2023.  
* '''Communication evaluation''': The Communications sub-committee of the MCDC together with the support staff conducted an evaluation of the communications. The Communications sub-committee appreciates the time and input of the community members who shared their opinions during the interviews. Several recommendations are going to be implemented in the upcoming period based on the valuable input.  
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates#April_2023|Learn about the MCDC’s work in April]]''': The MCDC continues to draft additional chapters: The Global Council, Hubs, Decision-making and Roles &amp; Responsibilities. Alongside the drafting work, the MCDC is planning their in-person meeting scheduled for 2-4 June in Utrecht, Netherlands with the aim of advancing the charter's content. 

'''What’s coming up?'''
* Participants of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiNusantara_2023|WikiNusantara 2023 in Banjarmasin, Indonesia]] are invited to join a [[m:WikiNusantara_2023/Acara/Selayang_Pandang_Arah_Strategis_Gerakan_Wikimedia:_Kolaborasi_WMF_dan_Komunitas|session on the topics around Wikimedia Movement Strategy and community collaboration]] on May 20. [[m:User:RamzyM_(WMF)|Ramzy Muliawan]] will provide updates, share about the Movement Charter Ambassadors Program and answer the questions. 

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #111 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-05-12|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: a new full stack software engineer joins the development team, and a presentation of a paper co-authored by Denny about the history of Wikidata.

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:04, 15 Mee 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletters #112 and #113 are out ==

There are new updates for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions! Please, come and read them!

On May 17, 2023, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-05-17|thanked Julia]] for her work and we wished her well for her new work with the Trust &amp; Safety team.

On May 25, 2023, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-05-25|presented our new viewing and editing experience]] for Wikifunctions.

Want to catch-up with the previous updates? Check [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:58, 26 Mee 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #114 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: a very brief note about the Wikimedia Hackathon in Athens.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1685986233 June 5, 2023 at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Note: since last time we've had some network problems with Jitsi, &lt;u&gt;in case of new malfunctions&lt;/u&gt; during next meeting we will provide on short notice a Google Meet link to the participants. Thanks for your understanding.

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 07:08, 3 Jụn 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #115 is out ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue we present the new interface for multilingual editing, and we discuss the results of our &quot;fix-it week&quot;.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:35, 9 Jụn 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletters #116 and #117 are out ==

There are new updates for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions! Please, come and read them!

On June 22, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-22|summarised the results]] of our annual in-person meeting in Delft, The Netherlands.

On June 28, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-28|thanked Cai and Allan]] for their work and we wished them well for their new endeavours.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1689010212 July 10, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:02, 4 Julaị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletters #118 to #121 are out ==

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There are new updates for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions! Please, come and read them!

On July 20, we shared an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-20|update on our plans for the initial deployment of Wikifunctions]] in the next few weeks, what will be possible, and changes to the development in the last few weeks. Also, a request for suggestions on what should be the very first Function to be created in Wikifunctions.

On July 17, we announced a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-17|grant from Google.org]].

On July 12, we announced a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-12|grant from The Rockefeller Foundation]].

On July 7, we welcomed a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-07|new Director of Product]] to the team.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 21:38, 20 Julaị 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

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''This newsletter combines content from both June and July, due to a delay in sharing out the previous newsletter.''

'''Updates:''' 
* '''New Movement Charter content published:''' The Committee published new draft chapters on the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|'''Global''' '''Council''']], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|'''Hubs''']] and the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Glossary|'''Glossary''']]. You are invited to share your feedback or ask any questions you may have to the Committee before September 1, 2023 on the following talk pages:
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|Share your feedback on The Global Council draft]] 
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|Share your feedback on Hubs draft]] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft|'''Revised draft chapters published on Meta:''']] The Committee has shared the revised draft chapters: [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Preamble|Preamble]], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]], and [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities]] intentions statement. These revisions are based on the [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#November-December 2022 consultation|community feedback]] received in November-December 2022. 
* [[m:wmfblog:2023/06/02/how-will-the-wikimedia-movement-ratify-its-charter/|'''Ratification Methodology community feedback:''']] The summary of community feedback on the proposed methodology for the ratification of the Charter is on Diff. 

* Listen to the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy_IQ_G1wEI '''WikiAfrica Hour #46: Africa and Movement Charter'''], where MCDC members [[m:User:Anass Sedrati|Anass Sedrati]] and [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|Georges Foudoup]]  talk about Movement Charter, its aims and objectives, and the relevance to the African community. 
* MCDC member’s are busy participating in various community events to discuss Movement Charter. [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]], a member of the Global Council and Roles and Responsibilities Drafting Groups [[m:EduWiki Conference 2023/Program/MCDC|joined the EduWikiConference 2023]].  The MCDC support staff [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|Ramzy Muliawan]] shared updates about the charter at [[m:WikiNusantara 2023|WikiNustantara 2023]] in Banjarmasin, Indonesia ([https://twitter.com/wikimediaid/status/1659772318913294336 @wikimediaid on Twitter]). The Wikimedia communities in Indonesia were engaged by [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|Movement Charter Ambassador]] [[m:User:Arcuscloud|Arcuscloud]] in the [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|last round of community conversations]]. 

* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#May 2023|'''Learn about MCDC’s work in May &amp; June:''']] as usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''What’s coming up?''' 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#MCDC Live Launch Party|'''Join the live launch party''']]: The Drafting Committee is hosting a launch party on July 30th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1690725614 14.00 UTC] to celebrate the new drafts, introduce them to the community and give space for sharing thoughts and feedback. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZYsdOiurT0vHta6stHaiHHEyrwK3RUPveBR#/registration '''Register here to receive a Zoom link to the launch party.'''] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Ambassadors Program/Grant|'''Movement Charter Community Conversation grants''']] are open for individuals or groups who want to organize conversations about the Charter content. Talk to us if you need any support on [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/c/ensure-equity-in-decision-making/movement-charter-ambassadors/38 the MS Forum]! Apply for a grant before Jul 30, 2023. 
* [[m:wmania:2023:Wikimania|'''Wikimania 2023''']]''':''' Wikimania 2023: Members of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee are excited to be attending Wikimania Singapore in August, to speak to and hear from you in person (and hybrid) about the four drafts and the Charter in general.
* '''Community events:''' MCDC members will be present in the [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2023|CEE Meeting]] in September in Georgia to discuss the Charter content with the CEE and CA communities. In addition, the MCDC prioritizes participation in the conferences planned for 2023 to continue conversations on the content of the Charter with the communities: [[m:WikiConvention francophone/2023|WikiConvention Francophone]], [[m:WikiWomenCamp 2023|WikiWomen Camp]],  [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2023|WikiIndaba Morocco]], [[m:wikiconference:2023/Main_Page|WikiConference North America]], [[m:GLAM Wiki 2023|GLAM Wiki Conference]], among others.

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
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&lt;/div&gt;

--12:25, 30 Julaị 2023 (UTC).
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #122 is out: Wikifunctions is live! ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page Wikifunctions.org] is live (in read-only mode), we welcome a new member of the team, and we announce a new job opening.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:02, 31 Julaị 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter: August 2023&lt;/span&gt; ==

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'''Updates'''
* '''Community consultation''': The community consultation on the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council|Global Council]], [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs|Hubs]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Glossary|Glossary]] drafts is ongoing. We value your input, if you have not already, please take a moment to review the draft chapters and share your thoughts with the MCDC. We’ve posed open questions we would like your opinion on. Feel free to engage in a way that is most comfortable for you and your community. Learn more on our Diff blogs about the [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/13/a-global-council-for-our-movement/ Global Council] and [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/27/building-wikimedia-movement-hubs-together/ Hubs]. 
* '''Launch Party''': On July 30 we hosted a Launch Party to share the Global Council and Hubs draft chapters. It was an inspiring event where we had the opportunity to listen to your feedback and address some of your questions. If you missed it, you can catch the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SItWeX78tv8&amp;list=LL&amp;index=4 recording on YouTube].
* '''Community Conversations''': We want to hear from as many people as possible. On July 16, the SWAN meeting opened its doors and offered an opportunity to interact with the MCDC members regarding the new drafts of the charter. [[m:Strategic_Wikimedia_Affiliates_Network/2023_07#Notes|Notes are available here]]. On July 28, a regional conversation with the Francophone community was held. Here comes a [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council#Summary_of_the_feedback_from_the_francophone_conversation|short summary here in English and French]]. Additionally, on August 2 we had a fruitful conversation with the [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs#Summary_from_2_August_call|LATAM region]]. 
* '''[[m:Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates#July_2023|MCDC’s Work in July]]''': As usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''Upcoming'''
* '''Join the MCDC at Wikimania''': Whether you’ll be at Wikimania 2023 in person or joining virtually, there are a few events that we would like to invite you to. Please drop by for a casual conversation. We would love to connect to workshop any ideas together. Drop in, get a sweet treat, and share your thoughts with us! [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2023:Registration Register] and see below for an overview of our time together: 
** Tuesday, August 15
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 02:00|02:00 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/UVKSKQ/ '''Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Connection track - Welcome and opening'''] (Room 325)
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 05:45|05:45 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/FJCXUP/ '''Movement Charter Drafting Committee: Open office hour'''] (Room 326)
** Wednesday, August 16
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-16 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/EYGDHC/ '''Role Play the Future Roles and Responsibilities in the Movement'''] (Room 326)
** Thursday, 17 August
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-17 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/AWXHMA/ '''Movement Charter Content Discussions'''] (Room 310)
* A '''[[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Regional_conversation:_Middle_East_and_North_Africa|regional call tailored for the MENA region]]''' will be conducted in Arabic on September 2 at 17.00 UTC. Kindly indicate your interest to attend this meeting.  
''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta-wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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MCDC Support Team, 23:53, 14 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
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== Spam article ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] [[Suraj Rana]] a blank page, requested for speedy deletion under the reason of &quot;no useful content, spam page&quot; [[Ihü kárírí:Contributions/82.115.220.168|82.115.220.168]] 12:16, 20 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thanks for this notification [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 17:17, 20 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Spam Articles ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Pages that are requested for speedy deletion, I mentioned the link to the page &amp; reason below :

1) [[Krishnam Kumar]] 

Reason : Language, written in english language in igbo wikipedia also, Telegram links are included in reference list, it indicates self promotion links.

2) [[Jhonnchefe]]

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included like spotify, apple music, jaxta, YouTube.

3) [[Faaxy]]

Reason : Language (English)

4) [[الشيخ محمد حمزة التميمي]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

5) [[مسكنك]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

6) [[إيجي سكاي]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

7) [[أراتوك]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

8) [[كيرلس مجدي القمص]]
Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 01:30, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thanks for this notification. Done! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:05, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Spam Articles (for speedy deletion) ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Again I'm here to show some spam articles, Pages that are requested for speedy deletion, I mentioned the link to the page &amp; reason below :


1) [[اشرف عظيم وخبرته الواسعة في التسويق]]

Reason : Language (English)


2) [[Mohamed Mohsen]] 

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included like Facebook, TikTok, Instagram


3) [[Exclusive Movies (Streaming Platform)]]

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram 


4) [[Iftkhar Mughal ( Actor )]]

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included - Instagram


5) [[Vivek Tripathi - Actor]]

Reason : Language (English)


6) [[Nitin Meena]]

Reason : Language (English)


7) [[Kiddyong]]

Reason : Language, Contains personal informations - &quot;phone number, email adddress,&quot; also it is just a self promoting article even you can able to understand by seeing the first line of that article &quot;Kiddyong The Naughty Kid&quot;???

7) [[Omar Yahya (actor)]]

Reason : Language (English), Self Promotional links are included - telegram, I couldn't find any real Movies of his and his biography is disorganized

8) [[King Media]]

Reason : Language (English), Self Promotional links are included - telegram

9) [[Yahya Moussa]]

Reason : Self Promotional links are included - telegram


[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 18:10, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thank you once again for bringing these to my notice. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 18:25, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
::@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Welcome :)   [[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 01:19, 22 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Spam articles  ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Once again here to show some spammy articles written in &quot;Arabic language&quot; with &quot;Self promotional links&quot;


1) [[محمد عتال]]

Reason : Language (Arabic), Self Promotional Links - SoundCloud, Spotify Anghami


2) [[وسام شاهين]]

Reason : Language (Arabic)


3) [[محمد جابر طه]]

Reason : Language (Arabic)


[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 14:55, 22 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thank you so much! Do not hesitate to tag me for cleanup. I sincerely appreciate your efforts. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 21:27, 22 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
::@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] 2 more spammy articles too. This time I included reason and additional reasons.
::1) [[Abdul Rahman Al Rubaie]]
::'''• Reason''' : Language (English), No useful content
::'''• Additional Reason''' : I searched about this person and I can't even able to get a single result about this person. This article contains only one paragraph, it says that he is football coach, other than it doesn't includes any notable works about him.

::2) [[Ahmed ALshehri]]
::'''• Reason''' : Language (English), No useful content
::'''• Additional reason''' : as same as mentioned in the first article.
:: Another info - [[Nitin Meena]] This page was previously deleted because of language and multiple issues, this article was re-created by the same person [[ 2401:4900:41E8:A08C:D5B9:C39B:83A4:2E9C]] and I noticed that he is the person who is creating autobiography on themself as you can see his message on here: [[Okwu:Nitin Meena]].
 
::Also thank you for your each responses.  [[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 11:18, 24 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
:::Thanks @[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]], I have responded accordingly.-- [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 15:13, 24 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #125 is out: Wikimania digest, CoSMo language, GFpedia demo, CCKS keynote ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-08-31|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we recap what happened at our sessions at Wikimania 2023, we talk about some new updates regarding our Natural Language Generation special interest group (NLG SIG), and we briefly speak about Denny's most recent keynote speech.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:35, 1 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #126 is out: Let's start building morphological paradigms! ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-09-08|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, Denny proposes a call for action for creating morphological paradigms on Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 19:25, 10 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #127 is out: Renderers and parsers for types ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-09-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, Denny introduces a discussion about how to represent integers on Wikifunctions and its related challenges.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:07, 22 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #128 is out: Serializers and deserializers for types ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-09-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, Denny introduces a discussion about how to make types easier to use, by discussing serializers and deserializers, and their role in Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:47, 29 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #129 is out: Arguments made easier ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-10-04|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the recent improvements that made it easy to reference arguments in functions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:58, 5 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #130 is out: Running on WebAssembly ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-10-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our decision of rewriting the evaluator encapsulation service, in order to make it run on [[:w:en:WebAssembly|WebAssembly]].

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:31, 27 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC)
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== Crosswiki spam ==

Dear colleague, I have found your name at the page of sysop requests though I cannot figure out if you were elected eventually or not. But as you seem to be esteemed member of ig.wiki community, you know better what to do. It's about the article [[Hacktivist Vanguard]] which seems to be the last remnants of massive crosswiki spam and as such is the subject for speedy deletion. I'd be grateful if you take necessary steps according to the rules and habits of your local wiki. The best, [[Ọbanife:Андрей Романенко|Андрей Романенко]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Андрей Романенко|ṅkátá]]) 19:51, 3 Novemba 2023 (UTC)

:Dear@[[Ọbanife:Андрей Романенко|Андрей Романенко]] thanks for bringing this to my notice. Yes, I'm a sysop on the Wiki. I'll do the needful. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 21:02, 3 Novemba 2023 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #131 is out: Python on WebAssembly; Improved Object selector; Next volunteer's corner ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our latest technical improvements on Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1699900200 November 13, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:16, 6 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #132 is out: Wikifunctions, the library of functions that anyone can use and edit ==

[[File:Anyone can edit Wikifunctions.png|center|alt=Wikifunctions can now be edited by anyone!|660x660px]]

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we finally announce that Wikifunctions is on general availability, and that functions can be run also by non-logged in users!

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1699900200 November 13, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:50, 10 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #133 is out: What types next? ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-16|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss which new types of functions should we support and the latest changes to the software.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:10, 18 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #134 is out: Welcome, Grace and Miguel! Appointing Functioneers now by community ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present two new members of the team, we discuss the latest changes in software, and we announce that Functioneer right will be now assigned by the community.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1701714600 December 4, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:01, 1 Disemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #135 is out: Announcing Wikifunctions on the Wikimedia Foundation blog. Looking for feedback on the Function page proposal ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-12-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/12/05/introducing-wikifunctions-first-wikimedia-project-to-launch-in-a-decade-creates-new-forms-of-knowledge/ the latest blogpost] about us on WMF blog, and we invite you to share your feedback at the [[:f:Wikifunctions:Project chat#Function page proposal: looking for feedback|Wikifunctions' Project chat]] on the new proposed designs for the Function page.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 19:06, 7 Disemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #136 is out: Looking back at 2023 ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-12-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we look back at all the accomplishments that we achieved in 2023 and we thank you all for your help in achieving them. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

This will be the last newsletter for 2023, so see you again in 2024!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:49, 15 Disemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development,

As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024.

'''Highlights of 2023:'''

;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year.

;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead.

;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale.

;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem.

;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future.

'''Acknowledging Challenges:'''

While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed.

'''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:'''

As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community.

Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future.

Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year!

Warm regards,
[[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]]

PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it.

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 17:14, 1 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #137 is out: Introducing our first new type: Lists ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our newest and much requested type of function, list. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1704738600 January 8, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:37, 5 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #138 is out: The Joy of Collaboration; Introducing the Function of the Week: reverse string ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you an essay from Denny and we introduce a new section of the newsletter, dedicated to the &quot;function of the week&quot;. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

We also wanted to note that we are in the process of moving the Updates from Meta to Wikifunctions. We'll keep you updated about it.

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:27, 12 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #139 is out: Refreshing the Function page; Function of the Week: ROT13 ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-17|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce a redesign and rewrite of the Function page and we present our first &quot;function of the week&quot;. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:05, 19 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #140 is out: Getting debug information from code; Function of the Week: Wrap string ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss debugging in implementations and we present our new &quot;function of the week&quot;. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:54, 26 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #141 is out: The Igbo Imperative! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-01|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we focus on language functions in Igbo, a language spoken by more than 44 million people in South-Eastern Nigeria. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Starting from this issue, the status updates will be hosted on Wikifunctions, instead of Meta. One more step towards maturation of the project!

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive (on Meta)]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1707157800 February 5, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:14, 2 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]].
* Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you.

; Other news
* New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]]
* Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #142 is out: Quarterly planning. Thank you, Nick! Function of the Week: is permutation ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss about the results of our last internal planning meeting, whose objective was to define what we will work on in this quarter. Also, we take a look at the latest changes in the team and the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive on Wikifunctions]] and [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|also on Meta]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:22, 8 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Assuranc29|Assuranc29]] (16:16, 14 Febụwarị 2024) ==

Please what it all about --[[Ọbanife:Assuranc29|Assuranc29]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Assuranc29|ṅkátá]]) 16:16, 14 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #143 is out: Fix-it week ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-14|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we take a look at the latest software developments, after our monthly &quot;fix-it week&quot;, where we work on technical debt and other issues that pile up in our daily work.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive on Wikifunctions]] and [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|also on Meta]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:19, 16 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #144 is out: Updating the function model ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present the new documentation about our [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Function model|function model]] and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:55, 23 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #145 is out: Type proposal for natural numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our progresses with the new natural numbers type, we talk about events we are taking part to, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1709577000 March 4, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:40, 1 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #146 is out: Introducing our second new type: Natural numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the launch of the new natural numbers type, we talk about events we are taking part to, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:58, 8 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]])
* Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]]

; Other news
* Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14)
* Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) 
* Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #147 is out: On identity ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the notion of identity and present our latest document about [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Representing identity|how we represent it]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:27, 14 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #148 is out: On the way to internationalizing numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-21|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our progresses with the implementation of renderers and parsers for natural numbers, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:11, 22 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #149 is out: Creating tests is now much easier! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our progresses with tests and how it is easier to make them, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 29 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #150 is out: Product Update on Diff and Upcoming API Improvements ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-04-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/03/27/wikifunctions-where-we-are-now-and-what-you-can-do/ our latest blog post on Diff], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1712615400 April 8, at 22:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:23, 4 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #151 is out: New API for calling Wikifunctions and celebrating 1000 functions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-04-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the new API for calling Wikifunctions, we celebrate our first 1,000 functions, and we take a look at the latest software developments. Also, there's [https://boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/5850672 a job opening] for joining our team!

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:57, 12 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #152 is out: Welcome, Sharvani! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-04-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome a new member of the team and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 22 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Henny17|Henny17]] (00:01, 26 Eprel 2024) ==

Hello
I want to start editing --[[Ọbanife:Henny17|Henny17]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Henny17|ṅkátá]]) 00:01, 26 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Ọbanife:Henny17|Henny17]]! Are you in the community WhatsApp group? That's where must editing sessions and training are announced. You can also join the Igbo community hubs around your area. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:38, 26 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

== Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]]!

Aha mụ bụ [[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|Uzoma Ozurumba]], ana mụ arụrụ ndi WMF orụ. Biko, onwe ozi ndi WMF Language team zitere ndi Igbo Wikimedians nọ na [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako|igwe nkata Wikipedia]].

Ebe ibu otu onye nime ndi na atughari edemede na Igbo Wikipedia, ọ ga amasi anyi ma [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako#Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia|igụọ ozi anyi]] gbasara mgbanwe ndi otu [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] chọrọ ime na igwe ntughari okwu nke nọ na Igbo Wikipedia, ma gwa anyi ebumunobi gi maka ya.

Daalụ sọ maka ọru gi nile na ikwado ọmumu ihe na asụsụ Igbo.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 20:17, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

:Ndewo@[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]. Daalụ maka ozi a i zitere. A gụrụ m ozi ahụ ma tinye kwa ebumunobi  [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako#Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia|ebe a]]. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:34, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]]

; Other news
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13)
* On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the  Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia.
* WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: &quot;[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]&quot; (SDG 13)
* WikiForHumanRights organized a session: &quot;[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]&quot;

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May.  (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #153 is out: Team meeting and Quarterly plan ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the results of our team meeting held in San Francisco, USA, as well as presenting the objectives that we will pursue in the next months.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:57, 4 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteer's Corner is on May 6 ==

We remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1715016600 May 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Apologies for the reaching out to you with a separate message.

See you at the meeting! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:12, 4 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #154 is out: Flagship type for enumerations: Months of the Gregorian calendar ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our first proposal for a new type for enumerations and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 13 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #155 is out: Call for Functions: Spell out the number! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we call on you to help us doing new language functions about numbers and we also take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:01, 16 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #156 is out: New type - Gregorian calendar months ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce our initial enumeration Type, Gregorian calendar months, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:18, 23 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #157 is out: A single singular or a plurality of plurals? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the various implications of linguistic functions about singulars and plurals, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1717435800 June 3, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:17, 31 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June
* [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]]
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]])
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023]
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 13:18, 1 Jụn 2024 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #158 is out: New Type: Sign ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new enumeration type, Sign, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

We are also looking for feedback for our next new types. See [[:f:Wikifunctions:Project chat#Testing two new types|the announcement at the Project Chat]] for more information.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:59, 7 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo Nwa-ada @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]],

Imere otu ole? Enwerem olileanya na ahụ di gi nma.

Biko, onwe ozi ndi WMF Language team zitere ndi otu Igbo Wikipedia maka ngwa ọrụ ha chọrọ itineyere anyi. Ọ ga-amasi anyi ma igụọ ihe gbasara [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako#Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia|'''ozi a''']], ma testia ngwa a, ma zaghachi anyi ebunuche gi gbasara itinye ngwa ọrụ a nke a na akpọ &quot;MinT for Wiki Readers&quot; na ịgbo Wiki.

Inwekwara ike ime ka ndi otu Igbo Wikipedia ndi ọzọ mata maka ozi a ma gwa anyi uche ha igwe ozi.

Daalụ sọ! [[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 23:57, 10 Jụn 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #159 is out: New Type: Igbo calendar months ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new enumeration type, this time for the thirteen months of the [[:en:Igbo calendar|Igbo calendar]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:21, 14 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #160 is out: New Type: Integers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we are happy to announce that we introduced another new type, [[:f:Z16683|integers]], that will increase our coverage of mathematical functions. Moreover, we take a look at the (many!) software developments we introduced in the last week.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:07, 21 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Kwinkate|Kwinkate]] (21:51, 21 Jụn 2024) ==

Hello --[[Ọbanife:Kwinkate|Kwinkate]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Kwinkate|ṅkátá]]) 21:51, 21 Jụn 2024 (UTC)

:Hello [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 04:02, 22 Jụn 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #161 is out: Welcome, Daphne! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome a new member of the team, we ask for feedback about [[:f:Wikifunctions:Design/About widget improvements|our &quot;About&quot; widget designs]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1719855000 July 1, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:20, 27 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC)
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July
* User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]]
* The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13)
* [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)
* WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16)

; Events
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #162 is out: Quarterly planning ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present our objectives and lines of work for this quarter, we remember to give your feedback about [[:f:Wikifunctions:Design/About widget improvements|our &quot;About&quot; widget designs]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1720459800 July 8, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:59, 5 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #163 is out: Type proposals for accessing Lexemes ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our current draft about Type proposals for accessing Lexemes, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:21, 12 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== First meet ==

Nnọọ @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]], I came from English WP, and I am a bit interested with languages, since I am a seminarian, and often speak little Igbo. I presume many of our editors are on the English based. I will want you to keep good eye here since I will try creating, revamping, and tagging for deletion also. Asirim ka m gwa gi. It is also part of my learning to advance in it. [[Ọbanife:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SafariScribe|ṅkátá]]) 14:30, 15 Julaị 2024 (UTC)

:Ndewo @[[Ọbanife:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]]! It's really great to have you here.👍🏽 I see your works on the English Wikipedia, way to go! I started with the English Wikipedia, then moved to Igbo when I discovered it was available. Though I still edit the English Wikipedia sometimes...You are welcome and if you need assistance or anything you think I can help out with, please feel free to let me know. Obi dị m ụtọ na ị bịara ịnọnyere anyị, nnọọ! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 03:00, 16 Julaị 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #164 is out: Research report on integrating Wikifunctions from Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-18|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you the results of a research about how to integrate Wikifunctions and Wikipedia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:33, 19 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #165 is out: Wikimania 2024 coming soon! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our upcoming Wikifunctions events at Wikimania 2024, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:13, 29 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]]
* Next user group meeting will be 18 August

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch]  (SDG 10&amp;16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13)

; Events
* 5th August,  [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024  Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13)
* 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] 
* 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13)

; Participate
* Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #169 is out: Limits on Name and Description Lengths ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the introduction of more stringent limits on the length of object names, input names, and descriptions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]! You might be interested in the [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-02|launch of our &quot;About&quot; widget]], a [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-16|summary of our experience at Wikimania 2024]], or the [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-23|refinement of WasmEdge]].

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1725298200 September 2, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:04, 30 Ọgọọst 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]].
* User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]])

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 &amp; 16)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15)
* Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now 

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11)

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== Pages nominated for deletion ==

Hello @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] this are the pages with no information on Igbo wikipedia I told you about. Please help me delete them.

1 [[Innocent Anyanwu]]

2 [[Ikedi Ohakim]]

3 [[Iheanyi Uwaezuoke]]

4 [[Ifunanyachi Achara]]

5[[Ibezito Ogbonna|I bezito Ogbonna]]

6 [[Holmes Onwukaife]]

7 [[Henry Nwawuba]]

8 [[Francis Okaroh]]

9 [[Francis Arinze]]

10 [[Ezenwa Otorogu]]

11 [[Eric Obinna Chukwunyelu]]

12 [[Ephraim Ikeakor]]

13 [[Emmanuel Okala]]

14 [[Emmanuel Ekwueme]]

15 [[Edwin Ume-Ezeoke]]

16 [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]

17 [[Clarion Chukwura]]

18 [[Chukwuemeka Chikelu]]

19 [[Chima Anyaso]]

20 [[Chikelue Iloenyosi]]

21 [[Chijioke Ejiogu]]

22 [[Charles Chukwuma Soludo]]

23 [[Cedric Ogbuehi]]

24 [[Bruno Ibeh]]

25 [[Bonaventure Enemali]]

26 [[Augustine Nwagwu]]

27 [[Augustine Aniebo]]

28 [[Anyika Onuora]]

29 [[Jude Aneke]]

30 [[Kennedy Ihenacho]]

31 [[Kelvin Ebuka Nwamora]]

32 [[Kenechuhwu Uchenwa]]

33 [[Kennedy Nzechukwu]]

34 [[Kingsley Chibueze Onyeukwu]][[Ihü kárírí:PermaLink/186940|2]]

35 [[Louis Okoye]][[Ihü kárírí:PermaLink/186939|2]]

36 [[Maxwell Anikwenwa]][[Ihü kárírí:PermaLink/186938|2]]

37 [[Victoria Ohuruogu]]

38 [[Valerian Ume-Ezeoke]]

39 [[Obinna Nwaneri]]

40 [[Ugonna Ozurigbo]]

41 [[Ugonna Anyora]]

42 [[Uchechukwu N. Maduako]]

43 [[Steve Eboh]]

44 [[Rolland Ezuruike]]

45 [[Philomena Obiageliuwa Uyanwah]]

46 [[Obinna Eregbu]]

47 [[Osita Henry Chikere]]

48 [[Okwesilieze Nwodo]]

49 [[Okey Uzoeshi]]

50 [[Sikiratu Sindodo]]

51 [[Abba Moro]]

52 [[Ramatu Tijani Aliyu]] [[Ọbanife:Ogalihillary|Ogalihillary]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Ogalihillary|ṅkátá]]) 13:04, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC)

:Thanks @[[Ọbanife:Ogalihillary|Ogalihillary]] thanks for this notification. I'll do the needful. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 16:08, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #171 is out: Dagbani Wikipedia will be our first wiki for Wikifunctions integration ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-13|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce Dagbani Wikipedia as our first wiki for Wikifunctions integration, discuss the recent stability challenges we've had in the past few days, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:51, 13 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #172 is out: Introducing focus topic areas ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-20|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce focus topic areas for generating natural language texts and we update you on last week's site incident.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:30, 21 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #173 is out: Quarterly planning for October–December 2024 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-26|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we give you an overview of what we will focus on in the next three months, we discuss our presentation at [[:m:Celtic Knot Conference 2024|Celtic Knot conference 2024]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:42, 26 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]]

; Other news
* [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube])
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13)

; Events
* Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #174 is out: Focus topic: food ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss one of our next topics we will focus on for our work: food. We hope you have a good appetite for discussion. :)

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1728322200 October 7, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:42, 4 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #175 is out: Wikidata Lexemes in Wikifunctions are coming soon ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a preview of our planned support for Wikidata lexemes in Wikifunctions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:54, 11 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #176 is out: What could abstract content look like? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present some thoughts by [[User:Mahir256]] about how abstract content could look like in the future, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:12, 17 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] (23:51, 17 Ọktoba 2024) ==

How can I be promoted to administrative level here? --[[Ọbanife:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Goodymaraj|ṅkátá]]) 23:51, 17 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #177 is out: Our goal for this Quarter: Agreement ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our goal of building up phrases from Lexemes using linguistic agreement, i.e. accordance to number and gender when constructing a phrase.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:32, 25 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC

; Other news
* Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15)

; Events
* November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change &amp; Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #178 is out: Rewriting the backend ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-01|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss how the team is working hard to rewrite Wikifunctions' backend, to overcome some of the limits we encountered with the current language.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1730745000 November 4, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:19, 2 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #179 is out: The dream of a Universal Language ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we talk about several presentation in and around the topics of languages and our work, we discuss the current refactoring of our functions catalogue and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 22:50, 7 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #180 is out: New type: Rational numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you our newest Type, [[:f:Z19677|rational numbers]], as well as the new renderer and parser for natural numbers, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:40, 14 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== We need your help with Igbo Wikipedia Main Page ==

Ndewo Goody,
Biko nyere anyi aka, mmadu mebisiri ihu mbu Igbo Wikipedia. A na m acho ka mweghachi ya mana okweghi. Biko nyere anyi aka. [[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 13:38, 19 Novemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #181 is out: New special page for missing labels, new type for Gregorian years, and much more ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-21|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new special page for objects with a missing label, we present two new types (Gregorian year and Wikidata statement rank), we showcase several contributions made by you volunteers, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:23, 22 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #182 is out: WordGraph release; New Special page: list functions by tests; new type for day of the year, and much more ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the implications of the release of Google Zurich's WordGraph dataset, we introduce a new special page, support for other Wikidata statements and a new type (day of Roman year), and finally we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:03, 28 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]])
* We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on.

; Other news
* [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]]
* [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&amp;12)
* The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13)
* Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16)

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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers' Corner will be on December 9 ==

Hi, we remind you that, if you have questions or ideas to discuss about Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia, you can participate to the next '''Volunteers' Corner''', that will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733758200 December 9, at 15:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

We hope to see you there! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:46, 6 Disemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] (18:38, 13 Disemba 2024) ==

Hi, Olugold

I have added Wikipedia pages for quick deletion. I hope to delete them as soon as possible and activate the deletion template on them, but they delete them over and over again. Thanks Olugold --[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|ṅkátá]]) 18:38, 13 Disemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #183 is out: Sketching a path to Abstract Wikipedia; Team offsite in Lisbon; and much more ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-12-12|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss how natural language generation for Abstract Wikipedia might develop, and we share news on tools and types on Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:52, 16 Disemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #184 is out: Function of the Week: age; Intros for year articles; New Type: Floating-point number ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-12-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In the last issue for 2024, we discuss functions to create introductions for articles about years, we showcase one of the 23 functions with the Gregorian year type, we introduce a new type, and finally we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 22:06, 19 Disemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Ahmedborar673|Ahmedborar673]] on [[Basil Raslan]] (22:11, 26 Disemba 2024) ==

Basil Raslan --[[Ojiarụ:Ahmedborar673|Ahmedborar673]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Ahmedborar673|ṅkátá]]) 22:11, 26 Disemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]])
* We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]!

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&amp;15)
* [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&amp;15
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)

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== Would you join our editorial board? ==

Hi @[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]], how are you doing? Would you join our community editorial board? This helps to record a resounding outcome. Thanks for your consideration.

[[Ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|Onwuka Glory]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|ṅkátá]]) 16:22, 2 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)

== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers' Corner will be on January 13 ==

Hi, we remind you that, if you have questions or ideas to discuss about Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia, you can participate to the next Volunteers' Corner, that will be held on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1736793000 January 13, at 18:30 UTC] ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

We hope to see you there! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:44, 10 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #185 is out: Happy Wikipedia day! Quarterly planning ==

The [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-01-15|first update of 2025]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions is out. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present our plan for the upcoming quarter (January-March 2025), we suggest changes to our &quot;Function of the week&quot; section, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:34, 17 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #186 is out: Welcome, David! Naming conventions recommendations ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-01-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome a new member of the team, we introduce our current discussion on naming conventions recommendations, we introduce a new section dedicated to the newest functions created, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:36, 23 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #187 is out: With 2000 Functions into the new year: time for stats ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-01-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present some statistics about where we are as a project, we give some updates about our Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1738607400 February 3, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:05, 30 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]]
* User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]).
* The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]].
* The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11)

; Events
* 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate &amp; Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #188 is out: Invitation to the Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a proposal to restructure our Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group (NLG SIG) meeting, we announce the creation of a new type, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:17, 6 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #189 is out: Restricting the World, redux ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we have an essay from Denny, we discuss the fix to the Byte Type, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:19, 14 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #190 is out: A proposal for types per language and part of speech ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a proposal for types to represent a part of speech in a language, we present some events that we have taken part to (or we are taking part to), and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:50, 20 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;We would like to hear about your experiences with Temporary Accounts&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]]
'''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo This survey should take no longer than 5 minutes to complete.]'''

The Trust &amp; Safety Product team recently made [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] available on 12 wikis. There are plans to expand this to a larger set of wikis in the coming weeks and months and then proceed with a complete deployment later this year. Your participation in this survey will be immensely valuable in helping us understand how well Temporary Accounts are working and what we can improve on going forward.

The privacy policy for this survey may be [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|viewed at this link]]. By completing this survey, you agree to the terms set forward in the privacy policy.

Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;ṅkátá&lt;/span&gt;]]) 02:50, 27 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #191 is out: From things to words ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the deployment of the possibility of getting the right Lexeme given a Wikidata Item, we discuss the newest updates about Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1741026600 March 3, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:16, 28 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]).

; Other news
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3)
* [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13)
* A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13)

; Events
* 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8)
* 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16)
* 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #192 is out: Recent Changes in the software, Recording of Volunteer’s Corner, and talks in London ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present two talks that will feature Denny as a speaker and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:12, 7 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #193 is out: Upcoming NLG meeting, Recent Changes in the software ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we invite you to the next [[:f:Wikifunctions:NLG SIG|NLG SIG Meeting]], that will take place [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1739894400 on Tuesday March 18 at 16 UTC], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:39, 15 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #194 is out: Wikidata-based simple enumerations ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a discussion about a new kind of enumeration type, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:06, 21 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #195 is out: It’s about time ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a discussion about how to support the creation of a type for time that is compatible with Wikidata, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:25, 28 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13)
* [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15)
* A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17)
* A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17)

; Events
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]]

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #196 is out: Quarterly Planning for April–June 2025; We are looking for a Senior Product Manager ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-05|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present our work plan for the upcoming quarter (April-June 2025), we publish a new job opening for joining the team, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1744047000 April 7, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 6 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Riyad hossain 89|Riyad hossain 89]] (18:56, 9 Eprel 2025) ==

Riyad Hossain With over 05 years of experience in the field of journalism, Riyad Hossain heads the editorial operations of Mission Ki Awaaz as a Blogger. Lives from Bangladesh --[[Ojiarụ:Riyad hossain 89|Riyad hossain 89]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Riyad hossain 89|ṅkátá]]) 18:57, 9 Eprel 2025 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #197 is out: Quarter in review, and lots of material to watch ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we evaluate our work done for the recently closed quarter (January-March 2025), we present you a number of video and blogpost about us to watch and read, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1744732800 April 15, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:20, 11 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #198 is out: Wikifunctions integrated in Dagbani - and Wikifunctions; and the date of Easter ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-16|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that this week we switched on the ability to call Wikifunctions functions from within Dagbani Wikipedia (our first wiki to do so!), we discuss the functions related to calculating the dates of Easter, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:28, 17 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Dr Ann Dangote|Dr Ann Dangote]] on [[Legrek Parond]] (07:00, 25 Eprel 2025) ==

do all articles have to be written in igbo or can the articles be written in English. --[[Ojiarụ:Dr Ann Dangote|Dr Ann Dangote]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Dr Ann Dangote|ṅkátá]]) 07:00, 25 Eprel 2025 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #199 is out: Welcome, Gregory! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a new member of the team, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746466200 May 5, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:16, 28 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #200 is out: Abstract Wikipedia is a MacArthur 100&amp;Change finalist ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that we reached the final stage of a grant competition, we introduce our next big conversation about where the content of Abstract Wikipedia will be located, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746466200 May 5, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:57, 1 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #201 is out: Abstract Wikipedia and the Wikimedia AI Strategy ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-09|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss how Abstract Wikipedia ties in with the newly announced WMF's strategy for AI, we talk about the Wikimedia Hackathon and our community meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:27, 10 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;5)

; Events
* May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #202 is out: Location of Abstract Content ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we invite you to [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|a consultation]] about where should the content of Abstract Wikipedia be stored, we invite you to our next online presentation, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:56, 16 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #203 is out: Ongoing consultation about the Location for Abstract Content ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we invite you again to [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|a consultation]] about where should the content of Abstract Wikipedia be stored, we present some updates about existing and new types, we remind you of our next online presentation, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:54, 23 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #204 is out: Rolling out to five Wiktionaries; Calculating with today's date ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we talk about our latest deployment on five Wiktionaries, we showcase a couple of functions about dates, we remind you of ongoing discussions and upcoming presentations, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1748885400 June 2, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:38, 29 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #205 is out: Where will Abstract Content go? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we give you some updates on the discussion about where to store abstract content, we present you the recordings of our latest presentations and meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:38, 9 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop:
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page]  (SDG 5)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 &amp; 16)
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3)

; Events
* 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]]

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #206 is out: Closing the consultation about the location of Abstract Content ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce the closing of the discussion about where to store abstract content, we remind you about our current discussions about types and our next [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:NLG_SIG|NLG SIG meeting]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:56, 16 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #207 is out: Quarterly Planning for July–September 2025 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-21|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we outline our priorities for the next quarter (July–September 2025), we give you some updates related to our new types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #208 is out: How many people are needed to write an encyclopedia? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share a short essay from Denny about writing an encyclopedia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:38, 28 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15)
* [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&amp;15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR]  (SDG 3)

; Events
* 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5)
* 2 &amp; 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #209 is out: Coverage of 1298 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-04|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share a short essay from Denny about how Wikipedias cover articles about years, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1751909400 July 7, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:39, 4 Julaị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #210 is out: Length limits on labels and descriptions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a measure to limit length of labels and descriptions, we show a video illustrating our work on front-end components, we share some news on new Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1752595200 July 15, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:46, 11 Julaị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #211 is out: Wikidata-based enumerations are here ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new kind of Type (Wikidata-based enumerations), we remind you of our current sprint in fixing labels and descriptions that are too long, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:16, 19 Julaị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #212 is out: “Wikipedia is an encyclopedia”; Two years of Wikifunctions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-26|the '''second anniversary update''']] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our work on functions that generate sentences and fragments in several languages, we celebrate our second anniversary, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:33, 26 Julaị 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]])
* We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested.

; Other news
* To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|&quot;Sustainable Development Wikiproject&quot; was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15)

; Events
* 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]].

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== Question from [[User:Imborhope|Imborhope]] (16:31, 15 Ọgọọst 2025) ==

How do I write my perfect autobiography --[[Ojiarụ:Imborhope|Imborhope]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Imborhope|ṅkátá]]) 16:31, 15 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

:Writing an autobiography is not encouraged on Wikipedia. Learn more: [[en:Wikipedia:Autobiography|Wikipedia:Autobiography]]. If a person is notable, other editors will write a [[en:Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|biography]] about the person. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 03:48, 16 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #215 is out: Accessing Wikidata items now possible from embedded function calls; Wikifunctions available on 65 Wikitionaries ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that it is now possible to access Wikidata items from embedded function calls, we also inform that Wikifunctions is now available on 60 more Wiktionaries, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:57, 29 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15)
* [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]]

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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers’ Corner is tomorrow! ==

We remind you that our next '''Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers’ Corner''' will be '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1757352600 tomorrow, September 8, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Unless you have many questions, we will follow our usual agenda, giving updates on the upcoming plans and recent activities, having plenty of time and space for your questions, and building a Function together.

See you at the Corner! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:39, 7 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #216 is out: Copying function calls from one Wikipedia to another ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that it is now possible to use natural languages as a default value in embedded function calls, we discuss the latest news in Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:04, 8 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #217 is out: More than 3,000 functions on Wikifunctions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we celebrate reaching the milestone of 3,000 functions on Wikifunctions, we discuss our upcoming commitments in outreach, we share with you our latest blogpost, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:21, 12 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #218 is out: Wikifunctions available on 123 Wiktionary languages ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-19|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on the recent Wikifunctions deployment on Wiktionaries, we introduce our new page for requesting cleanups, we update you on what's new on Types, we remind you of the upcoming meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758643200 September 23, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:26, 20 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #219 is out: Accessing qualifiers in Wikidata statements ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-26|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce the possibility of calling also qualifiers from Wikidata, we update you on the recent  deployments of Wikifunctions and on the Wikifunctions presentations at Wikimedia events, we give you the recent updates on Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:46, 26 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]])

; Other news
* The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called &quot;[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]&quot; focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025]

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #220 is out: Rich text now available in embedded function calls on 148 Wiktionaries and Incubator ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on the latest functions and types you can create, we announce that functions are now available to call on 152 projects, we talk about our presentations at Wikimedia meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1759771800 October 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:55, 4 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #221 is out: Decision on location for abstract content and Quarterly Planning for October–December ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-08|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we discuss our plans and work for the upcoming quarter (October-December 2025), we report on the next events we'll be part of, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #222 is out: Kicking Off the Naming Contest for Abstract Wikipedia; Visualizing functions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we kickstart our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we present a beautiful representation of functions by a community member, we report on the next events we'll be part of, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #223 is out: Welcome Zaree and Laura! Naming contest round 1 kicked off ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome two new additions to the team, we update you on our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we report on the next events we'll be part of, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #224 is out: Round 1 of “abstract content wiki” naming vote ending Monday; An example of short descriptions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we announce our first experimentation with short descriptions on Wikidata, we talk about our presentations at the upcoming WikidataCon 2025, and we take a look at the latest Type and software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1762194600 November 3, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4)
* The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&amp;diff=58499099&amp;oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13)

; Events
* 6 November–3 December:  [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5)
* 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10)
* 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #225 is out: First round of voting for naming the wiki for abstract content closed; Calling for Wiktionary functions; Embedded Wikifunctions on Bengali Wikipedia and seven more Wiktionaries ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-05|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on the closing of the first phase of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we introduce a possible implementation of Wikifunctions for Wiktionaries, we talk about our latest outreach events, and we take a look at the latest Type and software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #226 is out: Getting ready for second round of voting for naming the wiki with abstract content; Rewriting the backend: Why Rust? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we summarise current discussion regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we discuss how we are rewriting the backend, we ask for help in substituting a function, we suggest you the recordings of Wikifunctions-related sessions at the WikidataCon 2025, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1763481600 November 18, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:42, 13 Novemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #227 is out: Second round of voting for naming the wiki with language-independent content; Sharing function calls ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce the start of the second phase of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we share the results of the MacArthur Foundation's 100&amp;Change contest, we share the recording of the last NLG SIG meeting, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #228 is out: Vote on the new wiki name! Finishing each other’s sentences ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we discuss our progress on sentence creation with functions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1762194600 December 1, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]]
* As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out:
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] 
*** Help by identifying which videos need translation
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]]
*** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics
&lt;br/&gt;

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #229 is out: And the name is Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-12-04|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share the final results of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we share two demos about new Wikifunctions features, we talk about Wikidata components in Wikifunctions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:02, 4 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #230 is out: How to write better error messages ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-12-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share an essay on how to write better error messages, on improving which we focused in the last months.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:01, 12 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #231 is out: We wish you a happy new Gregorian year! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-12-18|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we showcase some templates using Wikifunctions functions on several projects, and we wrap up work for this Gregorian year, wishing you happy holidays.

The updates will resume in the week of January 14, so if you feel like you want more, you can always read the previous updates in [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:01, 18 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&amp;13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #232 is out: 25 years of Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In the first issue of 2026, we celebrate our incredible milestone of 25 years of Wikipedia and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:04, 16 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #233 is out: Quarterly plan for January–March 2026 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share our work plans for the quarter that goes from January to March 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:01, 22 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #234 is out: Integrating Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share our ideas about the integration of Abstract Wikipedia with the existing Wikimedia projects, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:51, 30 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published.
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February.
* The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15)

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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers' Corner will be on February 9 ==

Hi, we remind you that, if you have questions or ideas to discuss about Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia, you can participate to the next '''Volunteers' Corner''', that will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1770661800 February 9, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

We hope to see you there! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 06:23, 6 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #235 is out: Finishing each other sentences: Starting things; Offsite in Istanbul ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-02-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share the results of our recent team offsite (meeting in person) in Istanbul, Türkiye, especially on creating sentence fragments in several languages.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:31, 13 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #236 is out: A sneak preview of Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-02-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share a sneak preview of how Abstract Wikipedia will look like and work, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:15, 20 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #237 is out: Graceful overrides and fallbacks ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-02-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss different patterns in articles about years on different Wikipedias, we present the video of the Wikifunctions presentation by Nicolas Vigneron at the last Celtic Knot, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1772476200 March 2, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:18, 27 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted!

; Other news
* [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them.
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

; Events
* March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5)
* [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &amp;17)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #238 is out: Citations and Copy and Paste ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce the possibility of creating a function that deals with references and a Wikifunctions internal clipboard, where you can temporarily store any piece of code in order to paste it somewhere else, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:28, 6 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #239 is out: A new composition language ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we talk about the revamp of the composition language on Wikifunctions, with its potential for further improvements.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:19, 12 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Question from [[User:SamKel123|SamKel123]] (00:44, 19 Maachị 2026) ==

Hi, Olugold. I stopped Wiking a long time now. I want to get back, as a rewarding hubby. I need your help and push. --[[Ojiarụ:SamKel123|SamKel123]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SamKel123|ṅkátá]]) 00:44, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Ojiarụ:SamKel123|SamKel123]], 
:How can I help you? Have you joined the Igbo Wikimedia community Whatsapp group? There are several Wiki activities organized by the [[m:Igbo Wikimedians User Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]] that will help you. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:17, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)
::Okay. I will join immediately. Thank you so much. [[Ojiarụ:SamKel123|SamKel123]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SamKel123|ṅkátá]]) 08:37, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #240 is out: Abstract Wikipedia is now in Beta ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we celebrate the launch of the [https://abstract.wikipedia.org/ preliminary Beta version of Abstract Wikipedia], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:23, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #241 is out: First few days of Abstract Wikipedia Beta; Status of Composition Language v2 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the first early edits on [https://abstract.wikipedia.org/ Abstract Wikipedia], we share the status of Composition Language v2, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:48, 26 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it.

; Other news
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #242 is out: Request for Discussion: Syntactic tables ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a proposal for Natural Language Generation, we introduce a page for function suggestions from Abstract Wikipedia, we inform you that there will be a presentation about Abstract Wikipedia at WikiCon Australia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776101400 April 13, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:37, 3 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #243 is out: Community proposals for capturing meaning ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we report on three community proposals on syntactic approaches, we introduce a new Type (Complex numbers), we report on current hiccups on Abstract Wikipedia, we share more information about a presentation about Abstract Wikipedia at WikiCon Australia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776101400 April 13, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:35, 10 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #244 is out: Milestones; Some major issues hopefully resolved ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-16|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we celebrate 4000 functions on Wikifunctions and 1000 abstract articles on Abstract Wikipedia, we announce that we should have fixed some major issues with the websites, we inform you on our latest outreach activities, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:22, 17 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #245 is out: The Foundation's search for the perfect language ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present an academic paper about Abstract Wikipedia, we discuss our latest Type created, and we take a look at the newest created functions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:54, 25 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 Eprel 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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:Thanks and duly noted. @[[Ojiarụ:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:45, 29 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #246 is out: Request for input: what should we count for Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we ask you what would be the relevant metrics for Abstract Wikipedia, we discuss our latest news on Composition Language v2, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:21, 2 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/04/15/from-lens-to-knowledge-citizen-science-through-wiki-loves-butterfly/|From Lens to Knowledge: Citizen Science through Wiki Loves Butterfly]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Wikidata type specimen data model]]  (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|Edit-a-thon &quot;Women Botanists&quot; and “Plants Around Us: Veles” workshop]] (SDG 5 &amp; 15)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:100 Days 100 Edits|100 Days 100 Edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026|Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026]] (SDG 2, 6 &amp; 7)
* May 9-10: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Projekt naturgeografi/Fotosafari: Fåglar i Skåne 2026|Bird photography trip]] in south Sweden (SDG 15)
* May 30: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Biologisk mångfald|Editathon about biodiversity]] in Stockholm (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #247 is out: References from Wikidata now available ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-08|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that is now possible to pass references in Wikidata statements, we introduce the [https://abstract-data.toolforge.org/ Abstract Data dashboard], we report you on the presentation about Abstract Wikipedia at WikiCon Australia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1778520600 May 11, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:16, 8 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #248 is out: A higher meaning ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss functions creating language fragments, we present our latest news in Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Question from [[User:Chizoba Amanambu|Chizoba Amanambu]] (14:26, 20 Mee 2026) ==

Hello,
Please how does the editing role work? How are roles assigned to people on Wikimedia? Do I have to wait to follow a project or I can find one and start myself on the site? Is there a criteria to get started as well. --[[Ojiarụ:Chizoba Amanambu|Chizoba Amanambu]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Chizoba Amanambu|ṅkátá]]) 14:26, 20 Mee 2026 (UTC)

:hello @[[Ojiarụ:Chizoba Amanambu|Chizoba Amanambu]]. You can choose to start editing Wiki projects such as Wikipedia, Wikiquote, Wiki commons, etc you can edit by adding more details, translating, or creating new articles. You can join communities to learn more during campaigns, events, etc. There are lot of communities like, language, regional, women, etc. You can participate in any of these communities. See [[m:Igbo Wikimedians User Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]], it's a language community. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 15:30, 20 Mee 2026 (UTC)

== Question from [[User:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] (23:17, 22 Mee 2026) ==

Hi Olugold,

My name is Goodmaraj, and I'm a Wikipedia user. I really enjoy editing and creating pages. I started over two years ago and have made more than 3,000 edits.

I always run into the problem of seeing pages that don’t meet Wikipedia’s standards—pages promoting certain topics or featuring unknown people—and I can’t delete them. At first, I would ask administrators to delete them, but they usually take a long time to respond.

That’s why I need this permission to delete articles directly—it will help me a lot and make my work much faster.

Thank you --[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|ṅkátá]]) 23:17, 22 Mee 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]]! Thank you for all you do. I see that you have 2 accounts Goodymaraj and [[user:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]], kindly choose a preferred account and continue contributing with the preferred account to avoid blocks. 
:Your account Goodymeraj has being added to the auto patroller group. What this means is that, while logged in to the account on Igbo Wikipedia, you can:
:*Go through newly created pages and mark them patrolled
:*Tag pages for deletion
:*Suggest deletion
:*Report problematic pages. 
:You can ping user:King ChristLike as one of the active admins on the Igbo Wikipedia, to go through and delete the tagged pages. Thank you. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:00, 23 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::Hi @[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]], this user is totally different from [[User:Goodymeraj]] whom you just granted the autopatroller rights. 
::Secondly, while @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] has made some meaningful edits here, they're still not a native Igbo speaker or have a good understanding of the Igbo language, so their edits or page creations would still need to be patrolled to ensure accuracy and quality. Granting the autopatroller rights may not be advisable for now. I've had an off-wiki conversation with them about this. They can always tag or request for admins to delete non-notable articles. Every other request should follow through the normal process. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 13:48, 23 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::Good morning ma @[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]]. Please, @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] is an entirely different user from me @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]]. Thank you also for the rights granted me. I appreciate. It will go a very long way for me. [[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|ṅkátá]]) 04:21, 25 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] and @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] thanks for the clarification. 
:::Goodymeraj showed interest in carrying out administrative task in the past, so when I saw this message, I honestly thought it was Goodymeraj. With the patrol right, he needs to tag admins to delete unwanted articles. In addition, he has a good understanding of the written and spoken Igbo language.
:::Moving forward, nke a bụ Wikipedia Igbo, anyị kwesịrị iji asụsụ Igbo na-ekwurịta okwu ebe a. [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:51, 25 Mee 2026 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #249 is out: Annual plan 2026-2027 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you the current draft of objectives for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia in the WMF Annual Plan 2026-2027, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:48, 25 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #250 is out: Looking back and forward ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you a recollection of our work so far, now that we celebrate our 250th newsletter, we share with you a summary of our latest outreach activities, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:04, 1 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/05/19/wikimedia-projects-and-the-climate-crisis-how-wiki-for-sustainable-futures-2026-is-being-built/|Wikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being BuiltWikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being Built]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7 &amp; 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/05/21/earth-day-every-day-preserving-biodiversity-on-wikipedia/ Earth Day, Every Day: Preserving Biodiversity on Wikipedia] (SDG 15)
*[[diffblog:ar/2026/05/29/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2026-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9/|Launch of the Arabic Environmental Contest 2026: an ambitious initiative to enrich environmental content]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/From_the_field_to_the_free_web From the field to the free web] (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #251 is out: The illustrated encyclopaedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-05|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our first function to import images on Abstract Wikipedia, we present our Functions of the Week, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780939800 June 8, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:14, 5 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #252 is out: Improved loading and display of Test results ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-12|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you an improvement in loading and display of Test results, we talk about our next events, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that Denny will lead a discussion on the [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-15#News in Types: way forward for natural language generation types|new NLG types]] in the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''', that will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781625600 June 16, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:29, 12 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #253 is out: The or not the, this is (the?) question ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you a delicate question regarding grammatical framework, we talk about our next events and about the results of our latest online meetings, we discuss news about Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:34, 19 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #254: Working on Functions, together ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we report on new collaborative patterns emerging in our community, we discuss news in Types, we share some events that relate to Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia at Wikimania 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1783359000 July 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:58, 27 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #255: Integration on test wiki and annual plan ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-07-01|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss integration of Abstract Wikipedia in Test Wiki and our objectives for the new Wikimedia Foundation Fiscal Year, we remind you of the Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia events at Wikimania 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1783359000 July 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:22, 2 Julaị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5 and 10.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; In the news
* [[diffblog:2026/06/08/reading-wikipedia-in-the-classroom-in-wa-ghana-empowering-educators-with-media-and-information-literacy-skills/|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Wa, Ghana: Empowering Educators with Media and Information Literacy Skills]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/|Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/13/artfeminism-network-organizers-at-eseap-conference-2026/|Art+Feminism Network Organizers at ESEAP Conference 2026]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/|A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/from-mentee-to-builder-my-six-months-in-the-eduwiki-hub-mentorship-program/|From Mentee to Builder: My Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/building-skills-and-confidence-during-my-three-month-journey-through-the-on-wiki-skill-program-organized-by-africa-wiki-women/|Building Skills and Confidence During My Three-Month Journey Through the On Wiki Skill Program Organized by Africa Wiki Women]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/why-the-eduwiki-starter-kit-matters-for-the-future-of-education/|Why the EduWiki Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/empowering-new-editors-to-bridge-the-gender-gap-my-experience-as-a-mentor-in-the-edither-africa-april-2026-contest/|Empowering New Editors to Bridge the Gender Gap: My Experience as a Mentor in the EditHer Africa April 2026 Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/18/visible-women-edit-a-thon-piloting-a-collaborative-approach-to-free-knowledge-in-hong-kong/|Visible Women Edit-a-thon: Piloting a Collaborative Approach to Free Knowledge in Hong Kong]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/guiding-new-voices-training-women-in-wikidata-during-the-april-edither-africa-contest/|Guiding New Voices: Training Women in Wikidata during the April EditHer Africa Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/wikimedia-community-usergroup-botswana-in-collaboration-with-art-and-feminism-on-wikidata-mobile-training-2026/|Wikimedia Community Usergroup Botswana in collaboration with Art and Feminism on Wikidata Mobile Training 2026]] (SDG 5)

; Events
* 10-18 July: [[m:Event:Wikiwomen Camp 2026|Wikiwomen Camp 2026]] (SDG 5)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 14.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)
* 21-25 July: Wikimania is coming up and there are plenty of sessions related to sustainable development. There is now a dedicated page for those sessions at [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions]].
* 23 July: [[m:Event:From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements|From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements]] (SDG 10)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 28.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #256: Moving toward our first Abstract Wikipedia integration milestone ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-07-08|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss further our objectives for the new Wikimedia Foundation Fiscal Year, we show the latest community tool, we remind you of the Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia events at Wikimania 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:43, 9 Julaị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #257: Beyond syntactic tables ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-07-16|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss syntactic tables and news in Types, we show some community blogposts and tools, we remind you of the Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia events at Wikimania 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

We also remind you that in the next weeks these newsletter reminders will be paused, and that they will resume in mid-August.

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #258: Abstract Wikipedia at Wikimania ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-07-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the presentations and workshops at Wikimania, including a features feedback request based on what we heard there, and highlight new features shipped this week including diffs for Wikifunctions. 

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! [[m:user:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] 19:05, 30 Julaị 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 6, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/07/04/photowalk-at-the-purbachal-reserve-forest/|Photowalk at the Purbachal Reserve Forest]] (SDG 15)
* [[diffblog:2026/07/13/welcoming-women-into-wikimedia-tech-a-guide-based-on-lived-experiences/|Welcoming Women+ into Wikimedia Tech: A Guide Based on Lived Experiences]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/07/14/empowering-youth-through-knowledge-wikipedia-for-freedom-of-elections-in-armenia/|Empowering Youth Through Knowledge: “Wikipedia for Freedom of Elections” in Armenia]] (SDG 16)
* [[diffblog:2026/07/19/water-for-life-knowledge-for-all-how-wikiverse-botswana-is-showcasing-africas-water-story-through-the-africa-wiki-challenge-2026/|Water for Life, Knowledge for All: How WikiVerse Botswana is Showcasing Africa’s Water Story Through the Africa Wiki Challenge 2026]] (SDG 6)
* Wikimania: There were so many sessions and posters related to the SDGs, they can't all be listed here. But on [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions|this Wikimania page]] you can find them all and the session pages have links to the recordings.

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #259: Congratulations Jules*. An apple is a fruit ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-08-05|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we congratulate Wikimedian of the Year and we discuss his favourite article in relation to Abstract Wikipedia, we introduce a new Type of function on Wikifunctions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

We also remind you that in the next weeks these newsletter reminders will be paused, and that they will resume in mid-August.

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:19, 10 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)

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== Invitation to try the Starter Kit Tool ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings!

As one of the active editors on this Wikipedia, you're invited by the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development Language Onboarding and Development] initiative to learn about the Starter Kit, try it out, and join a virtual meeting where you can ask questions about the tool.&lt;br&gt;
'''What the tool does'''&lt;br&gt;
The Starter Kit helps small or new Wikipedia contributors complete essential tasks, like importing infoboxes, tracking your wiki's growth and health metrics, and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance. Some features require certain user rights, but three of the six tasks are open to any autoconfirmed editor, so most active editors can get started right away.

'''Here's what we would like you to do:'''

* Read the manual for more detail on the tool and the tasks you can perform: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit
* Access the Starter Kit tool: https://starterkit.toolforge.org/ and log in with your Wikimedia account to try it out.
* Sign up for one of three virtual meetings: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Office_hours, where you can:
** Learn more about the tool.
** Ask questions and share your thoughts.

Thank you so much for using the tool, and we look forward to your attending the virtual meeting.

Best regards,
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #260: Shoutout to User:99of9 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-08-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we congratulate our own User:99of9 for his extensive work with the Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia communities, we discuss what happened at Wikimania, we introduce a document for interested communities to join Abstract Wikipedia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:55, 13 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #261: Mayors and the North ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-08-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we have an essay from Denny about accidental gaps in languages, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:41, 21 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #262: Wikifunctions Object Reference ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-08-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss a new Type implemented after a community request, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:31, 28 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)

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== Reminder: Starter Kit Virtual Meeting ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings!

This is a friendly reminder to attend the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.

Date and time: '''Today, Saturday, August 29th, 2026, 01:00–02:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1787965200 check your local time here])

This is a casual session where you can learn more about the Starter Kit tool, ask any questions, and share your thoughts; no need to have tried the tool beforehand.

If you haven't signed up yet, you can do so here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Session_2:_Saturday_29_August_2026,_01:00_UTC

See you soon!
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== Reminder: Starter Kit virtual meeting ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings!

This is a friendly reminder to attend the third [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.

Date and time: '''Saturday, September 5th, 2026, 05:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1787965200 check your local time here])

Video call link: https://meet.google.com/eov-gbgn-rew

This is a casual session where you can learn more about the Starter Kit tool, ask any questions, and share your thoughts; no need to have tried the tool beforehand.

If you haven't signed up yet, you can do so here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Session_3:_Saturday_5_September_2026,_05:00_UTC

See you soon!
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:44, 3 Septemba 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 4, 10, 11, 13 and 14.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/08/12/wiki-loves-fish-bringing-coastal-biodiversity-to-the-world-through-open-knowledge/|Wiki Loves Fish: Bringing Coastal Biodiversity to the World Through Open Knowledge]] (SDG 14)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/08/19/making-rare-disease-knowledge-a-little-more-common-on-wikipedia/ Making rare disease knowledge a little more common on Wikipedia] (SDG 3)
* [[diffblog:2026/08/26/the-pre-conference-on-information-integrity-in-climate-change-at-wikimania/|The Pre-Conference on Information Integrity in Climate Change at Wikimania]] (SDG 13)
* [[diffblog:2026/08/29/beyond-wikipedia-a-technical-workshop-introducing-moroccan-teachers-to-wikidata-and-the-wikimedia-technical-ecosystem/|Beyond Wikipedia: A Technical Workshop Introducing Moroccan Teachers to Wikidata and the Wikimedia Technical Ecosystem]] (SDG&amp;nbsp;4)
* [[diffblog:2026/08/29/wiki-for-human-rights-nigeria-write-for-rights-and-july-virtual-session/|Wiki for Human Rights Nigeria: Write for Rights and July Virtual Session]] (SDG 10)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2026|Wiki Loves Monuments]] (SDG 11)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #263: 5,000 Functions, passing Z40000 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-09-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we mark the 5,000th function on Wikifunction, we explore a new Type for functions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788802200 September 7, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:00, 4 Septemba 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #264: Your code can now call back to the Wikidata fetch functions ==
There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-09-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce the possibility of calling Wikidata fetch functions, we present a new Type, we celebrate more than 200 new functions this week, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:13, 11 Septemba 2026 (UTC)

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== The next Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting is tomorrow! ==
Hi all! A quick message to inform you that Denny will lead a quick first introduction to syntactic phrase functions in the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''', that will be held tomorrow, '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1789488000 September 15, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

See you at the meeting! In case you can't join, the meeting will be recorded and made available on Commons. -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:27, 14 Septemba 2026 (UTC)

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      <sha1>pyk3i5ys0sy29v9903p3pnsg6d7i0zy</sha1>
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    <title>Human trafficking in Burkina Faso</title>
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[[Burkina Faso]] bụ mba sitere, njem, na ebe ndị mmadụ na-aga, ọkachasị ụmụaka, na-atụ mgbere ahịa mmadụ, ọkachasị ọrụ mmanye na ịgba akwụna mmanye. Gọọmentị Burkina Faso nyere data sitere na Ministry of Social Action na-egosi na, n'afọ 2009, ndị ọrụ nchekwa na kọmitii na-ahụ maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na mpaghara jidere ụmụaka 788 Burkinabe na ụmụaka ndị mba ọzọ, 619 n'ime ha bụ ụmụnwoke, nke a ga-erigbu na mba ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Mali]], na [[Niger]]. A na-ahụkarị ndị na-azụ ahịa ụmụaka na-anọgide na Burkina Faso na nnukwu obodo dịka Ouagadougou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Nouna, na Hounde. Ụmụaka ndị a metụtara na-eche ọnọdụ nke ọrụ mmanye ma ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-egwupụta ihe, ndị ọrụ n'ugbo koko, ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ, ndị arịrịọ na-arịọ arịrịọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ site n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Koranic na-akwadoghị, ma ọ bụ ndị a dọọrọ n'agha n'ahịa ịgba akwụna. Ruo n'ókè dị nta, ndị na-azụ ahịa na-ewe ụmụnwanyị mba Burkinabe maka mmegbu mmekọahụ na-enweghị nkwekọrịta na Europe. Ụmụnwanyị si mba ndị agbata obi dị ka mba Nigeria, Togo, Benin, na Niger na-akwaga Burkina Faso na nkwa nke ọrụ a na-akwanyere ùgwù, mana a na-amanye ha ịrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ mmanya ma ọ bụ ịgba akwụna mmanye.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;&quot;Burkina Faso&quot;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617151358/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gọọmentị mba Burkina Faso anaghị agbaso ụkpụrụ kacha nta maka iwepụ ịzụ ahịa; Otú ọ dị, ọ na-eme mgbalị dị ukwuu ime nke ahụ, n'agbanyeghị oke ego. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụaka ndị e jidere n'afọ 2009 karịrị 100 ọnụego dị elu e dekọrọ na oge akụkọ gara aga. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, nnukwu idei mmiri n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2009 bibiri ọtụtụ faịlụ na usoro kọmputa na-ejide data gbasara nyocha ịzụ ahịa na ikpe n'afọ ahụ. N'afọ ndị gara aga, gọọmentị ji akọ na uche kọọ ozi dị otú ahụ. Mgbalị nchebe na enyemaka maka ndị ahụ metụtara gara n'ihu ruo n'ókè akụ na ụba mba ahụ nyere ohere.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;&quot;Burkina Faso&quot;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617151358/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ ọrụ US State Department na-enyocha ma na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ tinyere mba ahụ na &quot;Tier 2 Watchlist&quot; n'afọ 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archivedate=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|work=www.state.gov|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mkpesa ==
Ịdị irè nke mgbalị ndị mmanye iwu gọọmentị na-emegide ịzụ ahịa n'afọ 2009 siri ike ịtụle n'ihi mbibi ọdachi na-emere onwe ya nke ihe ndekọ dị mkpa. Iwu mba Burkina Faso nke ọnwa Mee, afọ 2008 na-emegide ịzụ ahịa machibidoro ụdị ọ bụla nke ịzụ ahịa ma na-enye ntaramahụhụ kachasị maka ndị omekome a mara ikpe ruru afọ iri abụọ ma ọ bụ mkpọrọ ndụ; ntaramahụhụ ndị a siri ike ma kwekọọ na ntaramahụhụ a kapịrị ọnụ maka mpụ ndị ọzọ dị njọ, dị ka ndina n'ike. Gọọmentị ekwubeghị ma ikpe na-aga nke ọma n'afọ 2009 mere ka a tụọ ha ogologo karịa ikpe ndị omekome ikpe n'oge akụkọ gara aga. Gọọmentị kwuru na ha nyochara ma kpee ọtụtụ ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha na-azụ ahịa n'afọ 2009; ndị uwe ojii na kọmputa na akwụkwọ na ndekọ ụlọ ikpe nke ikpe ndị a mechara funahụ n'ọnwa Septemba nke afọ 2009 idei mmiri. Enweghị ihe akaebe nke ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na-etinye aka na ịzụ ahịa, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ mmanye iwu rụrụ arụ nwere ike ime ka ọrụ metụtara ịzụ ahịa dị mfe.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;&quot;Burkina Faso&quot;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617151358/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchedo ==
Gọọmentị anọghị n'ọnọdụ inye ọtụtụ ọrụ kpọmkwem nye ndị na-azụ ahịa. N'afọ 2009, Otú ọ dị, Ministry of Social Action, ya na ndị ọrụ nchekwa na kọmitii mpaghara na-emegide ịzụ ahịa, chọpụtara ma nyefee ụmụaka 788 metụtara na ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ njem 23 nke gọọmentị na UNICEF kwadoro. Gọọmentị nyekwara ihe dị ka $ 85,000 maka nkwado na ụgwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ụmụ mgbei iri ise na ebe a na-elekọta ụmụaka ebe ihe ize ndụ nke ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka dị ịrịba ama - nkwa na-enweghị atụ nke nkwado sitere n'aka gọọmentị nwere oke ego. Iji nyere ndị mba ọzọ aka ịlaghachi n'obodo ha ngwa ngwa, gọọmentị haziri akwụkwọ njem ha ma soro ndị NGO rụọ ọrụ iji hụ na ha laghachiri n'enweghị nsogbu. Iwu Burkinabe na-enye onye a na-emegbu ohere ịchọ ihe iwu megide ndị omekome na-azụ ahịa, mana ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị ekwughị ikpe ọ bụla dị otú ahụ n'afọ 2009, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ọ bụla nke ndị a na-ahụ maka ndị a na-enyo enyo. Gọọmentị anaghị enye ụzọ iwu iji wepụ ndị mba ọzọ na mba ebe ha na-eche ihe isi ike ma ọ bụ ntaramahụhụ ihu. Ndị mba nke steeti ECOWAS, gụnyere ndị na-azụ ahịa, Otú ọ dị, nwere ike ibi ma rụọ ọrụ na Burkina Faso n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro. Gọọmentị gbara mbọ ime ka ndị ọrụ mmanye iwu mara nsogbu ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka n'oge akụkọ ahụ, mana ha emepụtaghị mmemme gọọmentị iji zụọ ndị isi n'ịchọpụta ndị metụtara. A maara nke ọma njupụta nke ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka na mba ahụ, mana ndị isi na ụmụ amaala onwe ha nwere ihe isi ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụaka na-akwaga n'afọ ofufo maka ọrụ, na ndị na-ahụ maka ịzụ ahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;&quot;Burkina Faso&quot;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617151358/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbochi ==
Mmekọrịta siri ike na NGO na òtù mba ụwa nyere gọọmentị mba Burkinabe ohere ịkwado mgbasa ozi na mgbasa ozi agụmakwụkwọ na-emegide ịzụ ahịa n'afọ gara aga. Ndị mmekọ obodo na mba ụwa kwadoro ọmụmụ ihe na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe lekwasịrị anya na ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka, gọọmentị na mgbasa ozi nkeonwe gosipụtara mmemme redio na telivishọn nke metụtara ihe dị ka mmadụ 600,000. Gọọmentị kesara ọtụtụ puku akwụkwọ nta na-akọwa Anti-TI P National Action Plan, mana enweghi ike imejuputa atụmatụ ahụ. Onye isi obodo Ouagadougou mere ihe ụfọdụ iji belata ọchịchọ maka mmekọahụ azụmahịa site na imechi ụlọ akwụna iri atọ na asaa na isi obodo n'afọ 2009. Gọọmentị nyere ndị agha Burkinabe ikike mmadụ na ọzụzụ ịzụ ahịa tupu e zigara ha na mba ọzọ dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka udo na mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;&quot;Burkina Faso&quot;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617151358/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142759.htm ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2010'']. [[U.S. Department of State]] (June 14, 2010). {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* Akụ na ụba nke Burkina Faso
* Ihe ruuru mmadụ na Burkina Faso
* Ụlọ ọrụ Ngwuputa nke Burkina Faso

== Ebensidee ==
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'''Ibrahim Tankary''' ( bụ onye a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 24 n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 1972) bụ onye [[Niger|Nigerien]] na-agba [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]]. Ọ na-agbara Rusas Foot bọọlụ ugbu a.

== Ọrụ ==
Tankary rutere Zulte-Waregem n'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2004 site na FC Brussels. Ọ gbaburu Sint-Truidense bọọlụ na Jupiler League (na mgbazinye ego site na Zulte-Waregem) na Lommel, otu klọb nke KVSK United nọchiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=[[Guardian.co.uk]]|title=Stats Centre: Ibrahim Tankary Facts|url=http://guardian.touch-line.com/StatsCentre.asp?CTID=57&amp;CPID=120&amp;TEID=1403&amp;PLID=53025&amp;pStr=Player|accessdate=2009-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617065708/http://guardian.touch-line.com/StatsCentre.asp?CTID=57&amp;CPID=120&amp;TEID=1403&amp;PLID=53025&amp;pStr=Player|archivedate=2012-06-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ hapụrụ na August 2008 K. Londerzeel SK wee bịanye aka na Rusas Foot .

== Mba ụwa ==
Tankary gbara bọọlụ na Niger, mana o nwekwara mba [[Belgium]].

== Edensibia ==

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'''Kader Amadou Dodo''' (a mụrụ 5 Eprel 1989) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Niger nke na-egwu egwu dịka onye mgbachitere AS SONIDEP.&lt;ref&gt;http://tensport.com.au/news/newsarticles/Football-Africa-Cup-of-Nations-squads.htm|title=Sport|first=Network|last=Ten|publisher=|access-date=28 October 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ndụ mbido===
A mụrụ Amadou na Niamey, Niger.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.joueurs.amadou.kader.36832.en.html|title=Amadou Kader|publisher=|access-date=28 October 2016&lt;/ref&gt;


===Ọrụ klọb===
Na Nọvemba 2010 Amadou Kader hapụrụ ASFAN wee banye maka Cotonsport FC de Garoua.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.cotonsport.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=171:coton-assure-lessentiel&amp;catid=29:la-une|title=リバウンドしないミラクルボディ【脂肪吸引で手に入れる身体】|publisher=|access-date=28 October 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Site na oge 2011/12 ọ na-egwuri egwu na Olympic FC. ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.today/20130127011614/http://afridevprofoot.jimdo.com/defenseurs/kader-amadou/ |archivedate=27 January 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwere ụkwụ aka nri, ogologo 185 cm ma nwee kilogram 75.[6] 


===Ọrụ mba ụwa===
Kader na-egwu otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Niger. Ọ so na ndị otu na asọmpi iko mba ụwa 2010 &lt;ref&gt;FIFA player|297442&lt;/ref&gt; na 2012 African Nations Cup.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.goal.com/en/news/815/2012-africa-cup-of-nations/2012/01/12/2843737/niger-name-final-2012-africa-cup-of-nations-squad|title=Niger name final 2012 Africa Cup of Nations squad - Goal.com|date=12 January 2012|publisher=|access-date=28 October 2016&lt;/ref&gt;


===Ebensidee===

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'''Paul Adeolu Adefarasin''' (amụrụ n'abalị 25  ọnwa Jenụwarị 1963) bụ Onye Ozi Ndị Kraịst, Onye Ozizi Bible na Televangelist. Ọ bụ Prelate nakwa Metropolitan Senior Pastor nke ụlọ ụka House on the Rock nke isi ya dị na [[Lagos]], (Nigeria) nwere ngalaba n'ọtụtụ obodo dị iche iche na Nigeria gụnyere [[Ugwu Ọcha|Port-harcourt]], [[Abuja]] yana Johannesburg, South Africa &amp; [[London]], UK. Ọ bụkwa onye nnọkọ / onye nnabata nke The Experience (gospel concert).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://theexperiencelagos.com/1G1V/|title=Home - The Experience Lagos 2016 Revealing Jesus|work=The Experience Lagos|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-12-03|archivedate=2019-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228023552/http://theexperiencelagos.com/1G1V/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2011/06/22/hey-im-a-billionaire-nigerian-pastor-cries-out/#43c6e02e5e2f|title=Hey! I'm A Billionaire, Nigerian Pastor Cries Out|author=Nsehe|first=Mfonobong|date=2011-06-22|work=Forbes|accessdate=2018-07-25|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://encomium.ng/inside-pastor-paul-adefarasins-n50b-house-on-the-rock-church/|title=Inside Pastor Paul Adefarasin's N50b House On The Rock Church|date=2014-08-27|work=Encomium Magazine|accessdate=2018-07-25|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ ==
A mụrụ Paul Adefarasin na 25 Jenụwarị 1963 n'ezinaụlọ Joseph Adefarasin, onye ọka ikpe nke ụlọ ikpe dị elu nke Naijiria si Ijebu Ode, na [[Hilda Adefarasin]], onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị si [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]]. Ọ bụ nwanne Rev. Wale Adefarasin na Onyeozi Yemi Adefarasin, ha abụọ bụ ndị ozi Ndị Kraịst a na-akwanyere ùgwù.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Notable Nigerian clergy men with siblings who run their own churches - Opera News|url=https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/religion/amp/0b1b7ac39172c4356f69d1813597cf5b|accessdate=2021-05-21|work=ng.opera.news|archivedate=2021-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521205424/https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/religion/amp/0b1b7ac39172c4356f69d1813597cf5b}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zụlitere ya na Nigeria na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/religion/5-things-to-know-about-house-on-the-rocks-pastor-adefarasin-id7891188.html|title=5 things to know about House on the Rock's Pastor Paul Adefarasin|author=Udodiong|first=Inemesit|accessdate=2018-08-24|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811230235/https://www.pulse.ng/communities/religion/5-things-to-know-about-house-on-the-rocks-pastor-adefarasin-id7891188.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/religion/5-beautiful-women-who-are-married-to-your-favourite-pastors-id7504201.html|title=5 beautiful women who are married to your favourite pastors|author=Udodiong|first=Inemesit|accessdate=2018-08-24|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824135312/https://www.pulse.ng/communities/religion/5-beautiful-women-who-are-married-to-your-favourite-pastors-id7504201.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/its-couples-22nd-wedding-anniversary-today-id6783287.html|title=It's couple's 22nd wedding anniversary today!|author=Egbo|first=Vwovwe|accessdate=2018-08-24|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824135301/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/its-couples-22nd-wedding-anniversary-today-id6783287.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.naija.ng/1142159-pastor-paul-adefarasins-biography.html#1142159|title=Pastor Paul Adefarasin biography|author=Agu|first=Zain|date=2018-01-05|work=Naija.ng - Nigeria news.|accessdate=2018-08-24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2018/02/04/paul-adefarasin-celebrates-55/|title=Paul Adefarasin celebrates 55|publisher=Thisday|accessdate=August 20, 2018|archivedate=August 25, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825143159/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/02/04/paul-adefarasin-celebrates-55/amp/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/politics/life/article/pastor-paul-adefarasin-stirring-a-positive-revolution-championing-global-impact/|title=Pastor Paul Adefarasin, stirring a positive revolution, championing global impact|author=Kemi Ajumobi|date=June 15, 2014|accessdate=August 20, 2018|archivedate=August 25, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825153730/https://www.businessdayonline.com/politics/life/article/pastor-paul-adefarasin-stirring-a-positive-revolution-championing-global-impact/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Adefarasin gara ụlọ akwụkwọ St Saviour dị na Ikoyi, na Igbobi College na Yaba. Agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya bụ na Haileybury College na England.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pastor Paul Adeolu Adefarasin, Pastor, Prophet, Evangelist, Nigeria Personality Profiles|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/Personality-Profiles/Pastors-Bishops/Pastor-Paul-Adeolu-Adefarasin.html|accessdate=2021-04-01|work=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Miami, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bachelor of Architecture . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na [[Flórídạ|Florida]] tupu ọ laghachi Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2017/07/09/pastor-paul-adefarasin-builds-multi-billion-naira-retirement-home-in-banana/|title=Pastor Paul Adefarasin builds Multibillion Naira retirement home in Banana|publisher=Thisday live|accessdate=August 20, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0WdawlTJJiAC&amp;pg=PA10|title=Get Mad! (You Can Make a Difference)|author=Abiola Salami|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=2012|isbn=9781468554557}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na International Bible Institute of London ebe ọ nwetara diplọma na Christian Ministry.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;

=== Mbipụta akwụkwọ ===
Adefarasin edeela, ma bipụta n'onwe ya ihe karịrị obere akwụkwọ iri abụọ na-akpali akpali nke Ndị Kraịst na ihe onwunwe multimedia. Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ekesa akwụkwọ Ndị Kraịst ebipụtala atọ n'ime akwụkwọ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ onwe ==
N'ọnwa June 1995, Adefarasin lụrụ Ifeanyi Adefarasin (amụrụ na Septemba 16th 1972), onye bụbu eze nwanyị mara mma ma ugbu a bụ onye ozi a na-akwanyere ùgwù na onye na-ekwu okwu ọgbakọ a maara nke ọma maka ozi doro anya na nke bara uru nke olileanya na ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography of Pastor Ifeanyi Adefarasin – HENOTACE.ORG|url=https://henotace.org/biography-of-pastor-ifeanyi-adefarasin/|accessdate=2021-05-21|work=henotace.org|archivedate=2021-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521202455/https://henotace.org/biography-of-pastor-ifeanyi-adefarasin/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha mụrụ ụmụ atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/love-story-pastor-paul-adefarasin-wife-revealed/|title=THE LOVE STORY OF PASTOR PAUL ADEFARASIN &amp; WIFE REVEALED|publisher=CityPeople|accessdate=August 20, 2018|date=February 18, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibịa ==
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    <title>Samuel Oboh</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Samuel Óghalé Oboh|image=Sam Oboh trnsprnt_r.png|caption=2015 President of the [[Royal Architectural Institute of Canada]], Architect, 2021-2023 Vice President of UIA and Consul for the Republic of Botswana in Canada|nationality=Canadian|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1971|03|27}}|birth_place=[[Lagos, Nigeria]]|death_date=|death_place=|alma_mater=[[University of Alberta]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ahmadu Bello University]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ambrose Alli University]]|significant_projects=[[International Law Enforcement Academy]] [[Gaborone]]&lt;br /&gt;
Red Deer Civic Yards&lt;br /&gt;
[[Botswana Police College]]&lt;br /&gt;
Maun District Hospital&lt;br /&gt;
Alberta at the Smithsonian Folk Life Festival, Washington DC&lt;br /&gt;
Alberta Legislature Centre Redevelopment Master Plan
Royal Alberta Museum of History Development on the Legislature Grounds, Edmonton|awards=Recipient of the 2016 Excellence Awards for Leadership&lt;br /&gt; 
[[IBI Group]] Team member, [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]] Gold Award for South East Division Police Station Project in Edmonton&lt;br /&gt;
2018 Distinguished Fellow of the [[American Institute of Architects]] (FAIA)&lt;br /&gt;
Named: One of Canada’s Leadership
and Innovation Visionaries - commemorating
Canada’s 150th anniversary&lt;br /&gt;
2015 - [[American Institute of Architects]] Presidential Medal Recipient
2015 - Named: One of Alberta’s 50 Most Influential
People in [[Alberta]] by Alberta Venture Magazine|spouse=|children=Noora, Oreva|parents=Eunice + Johnson Oboh|practice=Ensight+|significant_buildings=Red Deer Civic Yards
Villa Caritas 
International Law Enforcement Academy}}

'''Samuel Óghalé Oboh''' (amụrụ na Machị 27, 1971) bụ onye Canada na-ewu ụlọ, onye njikwa, onye ndu, onye bụbu osote onye isi ala - Architecture na AECOM Canada Architects Ltd - ụlọ ọrụ Fortune 500 na onye isi oche 2015 nke Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC).&lt;ref name=&quot;canadiangovernmentexecutive.ca3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Managing change in the modern public service|url=http://www.canadiangovernmentexecutive.ca/category/item/1171-managing-change-in-the-modern-public-service.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203061322/http://www.canadiangovernmentexecutive.ca/category/item/1171-managing-change-in-the-modern-public-service.html|archivedate=3 December 2014|accessdate=11 September 2015|work=canadiangovernmentexecutive.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Samuel Oboh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Samuel Oboh|url=https://www.uia-cahr.com/samuel-oboh|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=Community Arch|language=en|archivedate=2020-10-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008065655/https://www.uia-cahr.com/samuel-oboh}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Samuel Oboh&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-01-28|title=Samuel Oboh inducted as the 76th President of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada|url=https://www.canadianarchitect.com/samuel-oboh-inducted-as-the-76th-president-of-the-royal-architectural-institute-of-canada/|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=Canadian Architect|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://raic.org/news/samuel-oboh-inducted-76th-president-raic|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=raic.org|title=Samuel Oboh inducted as the 76th President of the RAIC|date=23 January 2015|archivedate=2020-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009221046/https://raic.org/news/samuel-oboh-inducted-76th-president-raic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;edmontonjournal.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Edmonton architect elected to lead Royal Institute|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/edmonton-architect-elected-to-lead-royal-institute|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=Edmonton Journal|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sam Oboh (dị ka a maara ya nke ọma) bụ onye Canada mbụ sitere n'agbụrụ Afrịka nke a họpụtara dị ka onye isi oche nke Canadian Royal Institute - ihe omume nke onye nduzi oge ochie nke Institute of African Studies na Mahadum Carleton - Ottawa, prọfesọ Pius Adesanmi nwụrụ anwụ kọwara dị ka &quot;ihe omume na-emeputa ihe dị egwu n'ọtụtụ akụkụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-01-26|title=Samuel Oghale Oboh, the Nigerian who Conquered Canadian Architecture By Pius Adesanmi|url=http://saharareporters.com/2015/01/26/samuel-oghale-oboh-nigerian-who-conquered-canadian-architecture-pius-adesanmi|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=Sahara Reporters}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2021, na Rio General Assembly, a họpụtara Oboh dị ka osote onye isi ala maka mpaghara nke atọ nke otu dị na Paris a kpọrọ International Union of Architects (UIA) - otu United Nations nabatara nke na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka ndị na-ewu ụlọ dị n'otu, na-emetụta iwu ọha na eze, ma na-akwalite ụlọ iji gboo mkpa ọha mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Website|title=UIA - About the UIA {{!}} UIA, International Union of Architects - Bureau|url=https://www.uia-architectes.org/webApi/en/about/bureau|accessdate=2021-11-08|work=UIA - About the UIA {{!}} UIA, International Union of Architects - Bureau|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Update from the International Union of Architects (UIA) - September 2021|url=https://www.aiainternational.org/news-feed/2021/9/17/updates-from-the-international-union-of-architects-uia-sept-2021|accessdate=2021-11-08|work=AIA INTERNATIONAL|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; E buliri Oboh na College of Fellows nke American Institute of Architects na mmemme itinye ego nke emere na New York na June 22, 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2018 FAIA Directory|url=https://issuu.com/aiacollegeoffellows/docs/faia_dir_2018_digital|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=Issuu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=American Institute Of Architects Admits Oboh Into College Of Fellows {{!}} Independent Newspapers Nigeria|url=https://www.independent.ng/american-institute-of-architects-admits-oboh-into-college-of-fellows/|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=www.independent.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=RAIC Bulletin|url=https://raic.org/civicrm/mailing/view?reset=1&amp;id=1488|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=raic.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe odide a gụrụ na mmemme itinye ego ahụ kwuru na &quot;Oboh na-egosipụta echiche nke nlekọta dị mma site n'ịkwalite nkwado ọha na eze - na-akpali ọdịiche dị iche iche, na-akwalite ezi atụmatụ na ịkwado atụmatụ mgbanwe maka ọdịmma ọha na eze. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=RAIC Bulletin|url=https://raic.org/civicrm/mailing/view?reset=1&amp;id=1488|accessdate=2021-01-11|work=raic.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na ntinye ego ya, Oboh ruru eru iji aha FAIA. Naanị ihe dị ka pasent atọ nke ndị na-ewu ụlọ na United States of America (na karịa) nwere ọdịiche a pụrụ iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=College of Fellows - AIA|url=https://www.aia.org/pages/6075263-college-of-fellows|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=www.aia.org|archivedate=2020-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007181240/https://www.aia.org/pages/6075263-college-of-fellows}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
Oboh bụ onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye na nkwanye ugwu nke gụnyere NCBN Professional Excellence of the Year Award na 2018, na 2016 Excellence Magazine Award for Leadership.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Igbinosun|first=Jackson|date=2018-02-20|title=NCBN holds first diversity in leadership celebration awards|url=https://newsverge.com/2018/02/20/ncbn-holds-first-diversity-leadership-celebration-awards/|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=NEWSVERGE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NCBN Leadership awards|url=http://blackottawascene.com/ncbn-leadership-awards/|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=blackottawascene.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BREAKING NEWS :: RECIPIENTS OF THE 2016 EXCELLENCE AWARDS - OCTOBER 29TH 2016|url=https://myemail.constantcontact.com/BREAKING-NEWS--------RECIPIENTS-OF-THE-2016-EXCELLENCE-AWARDS---OCTOBER-29TH-2016.html?soid=1101744887454&amp;aid=aO4V_JsViWI|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=myemail.constantcontact.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Principal Sam Oboh receives Leadership Award from Excellence Magazine for their 2016 Excellence Awards!|url=http://kasian.com/news/principal-sam-oboh-receives-leadership-award-from-excellence-magazine-for-their-2016-excellence-awards/|accessdate=2020-10-04|language=en-CA|archivedate=2020-11-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124150039/http://kasian.com/news/principal-sam-oboh-receives-leadership-award-from-excellence-magazine-for-their-2016-excellence-awards/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ ya aha dị ka otu n'ime ndị Canada otú narị na iri ise pụrụ iche na-akpali ndị Canada ọgbọ ọzọ (na ncheta nke sesquicentennial nke Canadian Confederation); ma kpọọkwa ya otu n'ime ndị mmadụ iri ise kachasị nwee mmetụta na Alberta site n'aka Alberta Venture .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=150 Extraordinary Canadians|publisher=Silvertrust Media|year=2018|isbn=978-1775378600|pages=226–227}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alberta's 50 Most Influential: Samuel Oboh|url=http://albertaventure.com/2015/07/samuel-oboh-albertas-50-influential-people-2015/|accessdate=11 September 2015|work=Alberta Venture|archivedate=1 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001071359/http://albertaventure.com/2015/07/samuel-oboh-albertas-50-influential-people-2015/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kemgbe ngwụsị afọ 2015, Oboh malitere ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị - na-eje ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya kachasị elu na Consul maka Republic of Botswana na qCanada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Honorary Consuls {{!}} Embassy of the Republic of Botswana in Washington, D.C.|url=http://www.botswanaembassy.org/page/honorary-consuls|accessdate=2017-12-20|work=www.botswanaembassy.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Oboh na [[Lagos]], Nigeria, n'afọ 1971, ọ bụ nwa nke atọ n'ime ụmụ isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-05-21|title=The Will to Succeed|url=https://dolcemag.com/successstories/samuel-oboh-architect/17526|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=Dolce Luxury Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya, Johnson Oboh, bụ onye na-ahụ maka injinia n'ụlọ ọrụ Switzerland - UTC nke ọrụ ya mere ka ha biri n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke mba ahụ - Lagos, Maiduguri, na Yola, n'etiti ebe ndị ọzọ. Oboh gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'isi klas ya nke afọ 1987 na nsonaazụ kacha mma nke set ya na Government Day Secondary School, Army Barracks, Yola na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Naịjirịa. A nabatara ya ozugbo na Mahadum Bendel State (nke bụzi Ambrose Alli University) na ndịda mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii iji mụọ ihe gbasara owuwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt; Oboh mechara wee nweta nzere bachelọ ya (B.Sc) na-enweta akara kachasị elu nke ụmụ akwụkwọ niile na-ewu ụlọ na klas ya na-agụsị akwụkwọ na 1992 na Upper Second-Class Honours.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Samuel Oboh {{!}} Black In Canada|url=http://www.blackincanada.com/2010/11/10/samuel-oboh/|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=www.blackincanada.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]], Zaria iji nweta nzere Master of Science na Architecture na 1996.

Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Sam Oboh gara Africa 2000 Conference on Architecture na 1995 na Mahadum nke Cape Town, nke onye isi nke School of Architecture, Planning &amp; Geomatics, Prọfesọ Ivor Prinsloo onye bụkwa otu n'ime ndị cheputara Cape Town's V&amp;A Waterfront.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=V&amp;A Waterfront architect dies in Gifberg fall|url=https://www.iol.co.za/travel/south-africa/v-and-a-waterfront-architect-dies-in-gifberg-fall-83817|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=V&amp;A Waterfront – Welcome to our neighbourhood|url=https://www.waterfront.co.za/|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=V&amp;A Waterfront|language=en-ZA|archivedate=2020-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004125855/https://www.waterfront.co.za/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obere oge na Mahadum nke Cape Town ga-emesị gosipụta ọrụ Oboh - na-egosi mmeghe ya na mpaghara ndịda Afrịka. Cape Town stint na-anọchite anya mmalite maka ọrụ Oboh na-ewu ụlọ - nke a na-akpọsa site na nzute ohere n'etiti Oboh na Wouter Gildenhuys - onye na-ewu ụlọ ibe ya na onye isi ngalaba nke Architecture na ML Sultan Technikon (nke bụzi Durban University of Technology) na Durban, Kwazulu Natal - na-eduga n'ọrụ mbụ Oboh na South Africa. Oboh ga-emecha nweta nzere masta nke abụọ - Master of Arts in Communication &amp; Technology (na-elekwasị anya na Architectural Communication) na 2010 site na Mahadum Alberta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.mact.ualberta.ca/en/~/media/mact/Documents/UofA_MACT_Brochure_2012.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025154118/http://www.mact.ualberta.ca/en/~/media/mact/Documents/UofA_MACT_Brochure_2012.pdf|archivedate=2014-10-25|accessdate=2014-11-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; - ebe ọ bụ onye natara Herbert Marshall McLuhan Graduate Student Award na Faculty of Extension.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Samuel Oboh inducted as the 76th President of the RAIC {{!}} Royal Architectural Institute of Canada|url=https://www.raic.org/news/samuel-oboh-inducted-76th-president-raic#sthash.Ybb9S99I.dpuf|accessdate=2017-12-20|work=www.raic.org|date=23 January 2015|language=en|archivedate=2017-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222054708/https://www.raic.org/news/samuel-oboh-inducted-76th-president-raic#sthash.Ybb9S99I.dpuf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.mact.ualberta.ca/en/Research/McLuhanAward.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929204821/http://www.mact.ualberta.ca/en/Research/McLuhanAward.aspx|archivedate=2015-09-29|accessdate=2015-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello dị na Zaria ebe ọ nwetara nzere Master of Science na Architecture n'afọ 1996 ma mechaa mmemme ọrụ ndị ntorobịa ya na [[Katsina]] (n'akụkụ ókèala [[Niger]] Republic), Oboh sonyeere F&amp;A Services - ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na-ewu ụlọ - dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, ebe ọ bụ akụkụ nke ndị otu na-ahụ maka nrụzigharị ụlọ nkwari akụ Federal Palace nke dị na Victoria Island, ebe a bịanyere aka na Nkwupụta nnwere onwe nke Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt; N'oge na-adịghị anya n'afọ 1998, a họpụtara Oboh dị ka onye nkuzi na ML Sultan Technikon (nke bụzi Durban University of Technology) na-akụzi African Architecture. Ọ ga-emesị sonye na FMA Architects Southern Africa na ngwụcha afọ 1998 dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ Gaborone Botswana ha na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche. Oboh ghọrọ FMA's Resident Architect na Botswana Police College project na Otse na International Law Enforcement Academy - nke o duziri ma hazie (n'ịgbaso iwu nke ọrụ ahụ site na nkwekọrịta mba abụọ bịanyere aka na July 24, 2000 n'etiti Festus Mogae - duziri Gọọmenti Botswana na Gọọmenti nke United States of America - n'okpuru ọchịchị Bill Clinton.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Award - February 2015|url=http://digital.canadawide.com/i/458437-february-2015/6|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=digital.canadawide.com|archivedate=2025-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811164448/http://digital.canadawide.com/i/458437-february-2015/6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=INTERNATIONAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ACADEMY|first=United States Government|title=ILEA Gaborone|url=https://gaborone.ilea.state.gov/|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=gaborone.ilea.state.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na Otse, Oboh gara n'ebe ugwu ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ewu ụlọ na ụlọ ọgwụ dị na mpaghara Maun, 'ọnụ ụzọ' na Okavango Delta. Nke a ga-ewe nde dọla otu narị na iri ịse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Maun General Hospital|title=The Electives Network: Maun General Hospital|url=https://www.electives.net/hospital/3490/preview|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=www.electives.net|archivedate=2021-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918022423/https://www.electives.net/hospital/3490/preview}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezubere ụlọ ọgwụ Maun District iji jeere mpaghara North-West District nke Botswana (Ngamiland) dum ozi nke gụnyere Okavango Delta - mpaghara nwere oke mma ma nwee anụ ọhịa nke na June 2014, ọ ghọrọ ebe nke otu puku edere na UNESCO World Heritage List ebe ọtụtụ ndị na-ewere mpaghara ahụ dị ka ezigbo paradaịs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|title=World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159/|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|title=Okavango Delta|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1432/|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Oboh kwagara Canada na Disemba 2003 wee sonye ozugbo na IBI Group Architects - ebe ọ nwetara aha LEED Accredited Professional ma malite ịrụ ọrụ dịka Edmonton Police Service - Southeast Division Station na Peter Bull na Peter Semchuk. Kpọmkwem, Oboh rụrụ ọrụ na akụkụ nkwado nke ọrụ ndị uwe ojii nke ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ ma duzie akwụkwọ LEED / ntinye akwụkwọ nke mere ka ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị 4,300 m² nweta ọnọdụ LEED Gold.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=South East Police Station|url=http://www.marshall-lee.ca/south-east-police-station|accessdate=2020-10-05|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ South East Division Station ghọrọ ọrụ mbụ na Obodo Edmonton iji nweta ọnọdụ LEED Gold ma bụrụkwa ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii mbụ na North America iji nweta ụkpụrụ LEED Gold.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=City of Edmonton Green Building Plan|title=City of Edmonton Green Building Plan: THE WAY WE GREEN|publisher=City of Edmonton|date=June 20, 2012|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PDF/GreenBuildingPlanFINAL(low_res).pdf|pages=22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na-arụkọ ọrụ nke ọma na Peter Bull, Oboh bụkwa IBI Group's Project Architect maka $ 118-million City of Red Deer Civic Yard (nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, ụdị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe), nke e wuru na 28.1 ha (69.5 acres) ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=City of Red Deer|first=Civic Yards Project|date=2009-05-22|title=New civic yards officially opened|url=https://www.reddeeradvocate.com/news/new-civic-yards-officially-opened/|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=Red Deer Advocate|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oboh na IBI Group Team bịakwutere Civic Yards Project na nkwado n'uche - na ụlọ atọ dị na saịtị ahụ (Ogige Nchịkwa, Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe / ụlọ ahịa / ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na-asacha ụg

ụgbọash ka e mereọ dị n' ka ụkpụrụ LEED.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=LEED CANADA|first=GBIG|title=7721 40 Avenue Overview :: Green Building Information Gateway|url=http://www.gbig.org/buildings/99322|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=GBIG|language=en|archivedate=2024-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205132020/https://www.gbig.org/buildings/99322}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Oboh sonyeere Kasian Architecture dị ka onye mmekọ na 2007 wee bụrụ onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kasian Architecture|title=Sam Oboh Joins Kasian's Edmonton Office as Principal|url=http://kasian.com/news/sam-oboh-joins-kasians-edmonton-office-as-principal/|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=en-CA|archivedate=2020-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930083402/http://kasian.com/news/sam-oboh-joins-kasians-edmonton-office-as-principal/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site n'ọrụ ya, Oboh kwenyere na enwere ike imepụta ihe kachasị mma site na njikọta nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ na nyocha na agụmakwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; O gosipụtara nkwenkwe ya na ọrụ ndị dị ka Alberta Legislature Centre Redevelopment Master Plan ebe dị ka Onye Ndú Architect, o duuru ndị otu ya ijide mmụọ nke ebe nketa kachasị mkpa nke Alberta n'ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke okike na nke ọhụrụ - si otú a na-akpali echiche nke ebe, nganga, inwe na obodo ndị Albertan niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;edmontonjournal.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=BEYOND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT|title=Samuel Oboh|url=https://www.beyondthebuilt.com/samuel-oboh|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=BeyondtheBuilt.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Oboh duziri mgbalị mmepe azụmahịa - na-akwado, na-enweta ma na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ ndị dị ka mmepe nke Alberta Legislature Grounds, Royal Alberta Museum of History, na LEED Gold Edmonton Federal Building project (chebere iji gosipụta nkwa Gọọmenti nke Alberta maka ụlọ na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Government of Alberta|title=History of the building|url=https://www.alberta.ca/federal-building-history.aspx|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=www.alberta.ca|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 2010 ruo 2016, Oboh sonyeere Ngalaba Ọrụ Ọha na Ọrụ Gọọmenti Canada (nke bụzi Ọrụ Ọha na Azụmaahịa Canada) dị ka onye isi na-ewu ụlọ na onye njikwa mpaghara nke Architecture na Engineering Centre of Expertise na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ - nke Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Nunavut na Northwest Territories mejupụtara. O duziri nguzobe nke ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ nke Architecture and Engineering Centre of Expertise, nke gụnyere ihe karịrị ndị ọkachamara iri ise, ndị ọrụ nchịkwa na ndị ọkachamara na nkà na ụzụ. Oboh mepụtara atụmatụ dị ka Stewardship Excellence Protocol, nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịkwalite ọdịbendị nke ịdị mma na ọrụ gọọmentị etiti na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti Canada.&lt;ref name=&quot;canadiangovernmentexecutive.ca3&quot;/&gt;

Ọ nwetara ikikere dị ka onye na-ewu ụlọ n'ọtụtụ ikike nke gụnyere steeti [[Texas]], United States, na mpaghara Canada nke Alberta, Ontario, Manitoba&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Manitoba Association of Architects|url=https://www.mbarchitects.org/member_profile.php?id=1247|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=www.mbarchitects.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; na British Columbia, Oboh bụ onye nnọchi anya mpaghara mba ụwa na American Institute of Architects 'College of Fellows na onye otu Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.tbae.state.tx.us/PublicInfo/archdata.txt|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602155415/http://www.tbae.state.tx.us/PublicInfo/archdata.txt|archivedate=2008-06-02|accessdate=2008-06-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AAA - Member Directory|url=https://www.aaa.ab.ca/Public-Resources/Member-Directory?searchtext=&amp;searchmode=allwords&amp;namefilterexactphrase=oboh&amp;membertypefilter=0&amp;cityfilterexactphrase=|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=www.aaa.ab.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Search Members|url=https://oaa.on.ca/find-an-architect/search-architects?Name=Samuel%20Oghale%20Oboh&amp;|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=oaa.on.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Architectural Institute of BC|url=https://aibc.memberpro.net/main/body.cfm?menu=directory&amp;submenu=directoryMember|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=aibc.memberpro.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=College of Fellows Representative - Election results|url=https://www.aiainternational.org/news-feed/2019/1/3/college-of-fellows-representative-election-results|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=AIA INTERNATIONAL REGION|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Samuel Oboh|url=https://www.aiainternational.org/samuel-oboh|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=AIA INTERNATIONAL REGION|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-10-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028082148/https://www.aiainternational.org/samuel-oboh}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Royal Architectural Institute of Canada|first=College of Fellows|title=2013 Class of Fellows|url=https://raic.org/sites/raic.org/files/fellows-2019.pdf|pages=79|archive-date=2025-08-15|access-date=2022-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815042724/https://raic.org/sites/raic.org/files/fellows-2019.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ikikere na Botswana na South Africa ma bụrụ onye otu Chartered Architect nke Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) site na 2000-2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Samuel Oboh {{!}} Black In Canada|url=http://www.blackincanada.com/2010/11/10/samuel-oboh/|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=www.blackincanada.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=One of Canada's most influential Africans|url=http://www.consultingarchitects.ab.ca/one-of-canada-s-most-influential-africans|accessdate=11 September 2015|work=consultingarchitects.ab.ca|archivedate=29 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929144101/http://www.consultingarchitects.ab.ca/one-of-canada-s-most-influential-africans}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Mee 16, 2015, Oboh nwetara ihe nrite onye isi ala site n'aka American Institute of Architects na Atlanta Georgia na nsọpụrụ onye isi ala site na Australian Institute of Architects (RAIA) dị ka onye otu nsọpụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=RAIC {{!}} Bulletin {{!}} June 2015|url=https://raic.org/bulletins/2015/june/news_e.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929200847/https://raic.org/bulletins/2015/june/news_e.htm|archivedate=2015-09-29|accessdate=2017-12-20|work=raic.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oboh bụ onye ndu echiche na onye na-ekwu okwu mgbe niile na ọtụtụ nzukọ mba ụwa na nnọkọ gburugburu ụwa. - gụnyere [[Kánada|Canada]] na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], [[Brazil]], [[London|London - England]], Paris - France, Brussels - Belgium, Berlin - Germany, Singapore, Seoul - South Korea, Lahore - Pakistan, Tokyo - Japan, Brisbane, Sydney na Melbourne [[Ostraliya|Australia]], N'djamena - Chad, [[Lagos|Lagos - Nigeria]], Kampala - Uganda, Gaborone - Botswana, Maseru - Lesotho, na obodo dị iche iche na South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ottawa Citizen|title=Adam: A call for government buildings that don't look cheap|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/adam-a-call-for-government-buildings-that-dont-look-cheap|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=Ottawa Citizen|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ERIEC {{!}} 2017 Global Talent Conference: Communicating with Confidence|url=https://www.eriec.ca/stories/global2017-talent-conference-communicating-confidence/|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=ERIEC: Career Resources for Immigrants|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=JustCity Jozi Speakers|url=https://www.uia-cahr.com/speakers|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=Community Arch|language=en|archivedate=2020-10-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014094311/https://www.uia-cahr.com/speakers}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Engaging Change: A Discussion on Anti-Black Racism|url=http://torontosocietyofarchitects.ca/event/engaging-change-a-discussion-on-anti-black-racism/|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=Toronto Society of Architects|archivedate=2021-01-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117000707/http://torontosocietyofarchitects.ca/event/engaging-change-a-discussion-on-anti-black-racism/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AIA IR 2018 Conference - Convergence in Singapore|url=https://www.aiainternational.org/news-feed/2019/1/9/aia-ir-2018-conference-convergence-in-singapore|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=AIA INTERNATIONAL REGION|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ARCASIA + V4AF III Roundtable on Heritage-Conservation-Renovation &quot;Old Towns and Cities&quot; {{!}} Recent Events {{!}} Events {{!}} ARCASIA|url=http://www.arcasia.org/events/recent-events/415-arcasia-v4af-iii-roundtable-on-heritage-conservation-renovation-old-towns-and-cities|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=www.arcasia.org|archivedate=2020-06-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630110107/http://www.arcasia.org/events/recent-events/415-arcasia-v4af-iii-roundtable-on-heritage-conservation-renovation-old-towns-and-cities}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nweela onye nkuzi / onye na-eleta ọrụ nkatọ studio na mahadum dị iche iche gụnyere Mahadum Calgary, Mahadum Toronto, Mahadum Carleton, na Mahadum South Africa nke Pretoria na Mahadum Teknụzụ Durban . N'afọ 2006, o duziri nguzobe nke isi obodo mbụ nke RAIC na Alberta, ebe ọ jere ozi dị ka Onye isi ala na 2007/2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt; N'oge ọchịchị ya, Oboh duziri ma kwado ọtụtụ atụmatụ nkwado ụlọ nke gụnyere nhazi nke Alberta Architecture dị ka akụkụ nke ngosi Gọọmenti Alberta na 2006 Smithsonian Folklife Festival na Washington, DC. N'afọ 2017, Oboh na onye na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Berlin bụ [[Diébédo Francis Kéré|Francis Kéré]] rụkọrọ ọrụ iji duzie atụmatụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ọdịbendị Afrịka nke ọtụtụ nde dollar na Alberta - Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PressReader.com - Your favorite newspapers and magazines.|url=https://www.pressreader.com/canada/edmonton-journal/20180226/281659665531208|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=www.pressreader.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Oboh and Kéré to Lead Construction of Africa Centre New Building – Diversity Magazine|url=https://www.diversitymag.ca/oboh-and-kere-to-lead-construction-of-africa-centre-new-building/|accessdate=2020-10-06|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Canadian Architect March 2018|url=https://issuu.com/iqbusinessmedia/docs/ca_mar_18_de/10|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=Issuu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* [[List of Nigerian architects]]
* Ndepụta nke ndị Canada
* Ndepụta nke ndị na-ewu ụlọ

== Ebensidee ==
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    <title>Chinedu Ikedieze</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Chinedu Ikedieze|honorific suffix=[[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]]|image=Chinedu Ikedieze at AMA Award 31.jpg|nickname=Aki|alt=Ikedieze at an award show|caption=Ikedieze at the 2021 [[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1977|12|12|df=y}}|birth_place=Iluoma Uzuakoli, [[Bende, Nigeria|Bende]], [[Abia State]], Nigeria|occupation=Actor|years_active=2000–present|spouse=Nneoma Ikedieze (m. 2011)}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Chinedu Ikedieze'''// (listen), MFR&lt;ref name=&quot;mfr&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008060225.html|title=Aki Without Pawpaw|date=6 August 2010|work=[[AllAfrica.com]]|publisher=[[AllAfrica.com|AllAfrica Global Media]]|accessdate=5 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; (amụrụ na 12 Disemba, 1977) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri onyonyo, onye ọchụnta ego na onye na-etinye ego na Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-09-02|title=I love basketball but my height won’t let me play — Chinedu Ikedieze|url=https://punchng.com/i-love-basketball-but-my-height-wont-let-me-play-chinedu-ikedieze/|accessdate=2022-03-12|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya nke ọma maka igwu egwu n'akụkụ [[Osita Iheme]] n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ahụ mgbe ha nwere ọganihu dị ka duo na ihe nkiri nke afọ 2002 ''Aki na Ukwa'' .&lt;ref name=&quot;newvision&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/9/34/608674|title=Nigeria’s funny little men come to Kampala|author=Katende|first=Jude|date=27 January 2008|work=[[New Vision]]|publisher=New Vision Printing &amp; Publishing Company Limited|accessdate=5 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; O gosipụtala na ihe karịrị ihe nkiri narị iri ịse n'ime ọrụ karịrị afọ iri abụọ. O meela ihe nkiri dị ka nwatakịrị n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ya n'oge mmalite ọrụ ya n'ihi ogo ya na ọdịdị ahụ ya. A maara ya dị ka Aki maka arụmọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ''Aki na Ukwa'' . N'afọ 2011, ọ lụrụ onye na-emepụta ejiji Nneoma Nwaijah ma di na nwunye ahụ mụrụ nwa mbụ ha n'afọ 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chinedu Ikedieze is a year older|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/celebrity-birthday-chinedu-ikedieze-is-a-year-older/cf47lqf|date=2015-12-12|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ya ==
Chinedu gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị na Aba, [[Ȯra Abia|Abia Steeti]]. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ gụrụ Higher National Diploma (HND) na Nka Ihe nkiri na nzere na Nkwukọrịta nke dum site na Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu (IMT).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chinedu Ikedieze|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/africa-states-independence/2010/09/201093084618281115.html|work=www.aljazeera.com|accessdate=2020-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na IMT, ọ chọrọ ịghọ onye ọka iwu na mbụ mana ọ gbasoro ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri n'afọ 1998 ma gosipụta ya na obere ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='God, thank you for a perfect creation' - Chinedu Ikedieze celebrates 42nd birthday|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/chinedu-ikedieze-celebrates-42nd-birthday/|date=2019-12-13|work=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; O bu ụzọ mee obere ọrụ na ihe nkiri nke afọ1998 Evil Men . O debara aha na New York Film Academy n'afọ 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chinedu Ikedieze|url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/actor/chinedu-ikedieze|work=Africa Magic - Chinedu Ikedieze|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Keisterị na Osita Iheme ===
[[Usòrò:Aki_and_Paw_Paw.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Aki na Paw Paw]]
Ọ banyere ụlọ ọrụ [[Nollywood]] n'afọ 2000 wee bụrụ onye a ma ama n'afọ 2002 ihe nkiri ''Aki na Ukwa'' ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ ọganihu nke Aki n'akụkụ onye ọzọ na-eme ihe nkiri Osita Iheme .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2018-08-11|title=Nigeria: How My Height Made Me a Superstar - Chinedu Ikedieze, Aka Aki|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808110043.html|accessdate=2020-05-09|work=allAfrica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akpọ ha abụọ dịka &quot;Aki Paw Paw&quot; kemgbe a tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ ma ha gosipụtara ọnụ n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na ọrụ ndị isi. Ma Chinedu na Osita anọwo na-enwe kemịkal na ihuenyo na nke ndị Nollywood na-eto nke ukwuu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chinedu Ikedieze writes to Osita Iheme as he turns 38|url=https://oyogist.com/2020/02/chinedu-ikedieze-writes-to-osita-iheme-as-he-turns-38/|author=realbryme|date=2020-02-21|work=OYO Gist|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-09|archivedate=2020-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013143217/https://oyogist.com/2020/02/chinedu-ikedieze-writes-to-osita-iheme-as-he-turns-38//}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Read why actor and Chinedu Ikedieze are friendship goals!|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/osita-iheme-read-why-actor-and-chinedu-ikedieze-are-friendship-goals/5phtk3f|date=2018-10-03|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-09|archive-date=2020-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013145617/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/osita-iheme-read-why-actor-and-chinedu-ikedieze-are-friendship-goals/5phtk3f/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ onwere ==
N'afọ 2007, Ikedieze natara Lifetime Achievement Award na African Movie Academy Awards.&lt;ref name=&quot;mshale&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|title=Africa Celebrates Film Industry at AMAA 2007|author=Coker|first=Onikepo|date=4 May 2007|work=Mshale Newspaper|publisher=Mshale Communications|accessdate=5 September 2010|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303204433/http://www.mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=1407|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-asọpụrụ ya na Order of the Federal Republic nke onye isi ala Naịjirịa n'oge ahụ bụ [[Goodluck Jonathan]] nyere maka onyinye ya na Nollywood na uto akụ na ụba nke mba ahụ.

N'afọ 2018, a kwanyeere ya ùgwù na Miami, Florida na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States of America]] dị ka onye ọbịa a ma ama na obodo Miami, Florida. Na ekele o kwuru sị: “Site na ala nke obi m na-ekele Miami-Dade, ụlọ ọrụ mba nke Mayor na ndị kọmishọna mpaghara maka ịsọpụrụ m dị ka onye ọbịa a ma ama na obodo Miami, Florida. Ị nyere m mkpịsị ugodi maka ihe ịga nke ọma na ndụ. Ya mere, ọ gbara mmadụ niile ume ikwere ma ọ bụrụ na ha onwe ha ma ọ bụrụ na ụwa kwenyere na ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-07-10|title=Nollywood actor Aki honored in Miami, Florida|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/nollywood-actor-aki-honored-in-miami-florida/|accessdate=2021-03-06|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ihe Nketa ==
A ka na-ekwu maka arụmọrụ ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Osita Iheme na ihe nkiri one nke afọ 2002 ''Aki na Ukwa'' n'ọtụtụ ebe na duo ahụ karịsịa àgwà Osita na-aga n'ihu site na memes kemgbe afọ 2019 na Twitter na usoro mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ n'ụwa niile. E depụtara Osita dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị baa ọgaranya na Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thisisafrica.me/arts-and-culture/osita-iheme-meme-used-by-fenty-beauty-50-cent-a-win-for-nollywood/|title=Is Osita Iheme's meme used by Fenty Beauty and 50 Cent a win for Nollywood?|date=2019-07-10|work=This is africa|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-07-02|title=Why dis Osita Iheme meme dey burst pipo brain?|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-48840118|accessdate=2020-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Nigerian Film Stars Behind Some of Twitter’s Greatest Memes|url=https://www.vulture.com/2019/08/osita-iheme-chinedu-ikedieze-twitter-memes.html|author=Adikwu|first=Marris|date=2019-08-14|work=Vulture|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who is the Richest Actor in Nigeria  – (TOP 15 ACTORS AND NET WORTH)|url=https://www.grabalerts.com/who-is-the-richest-actor-in-nigeria/|work=Grabalets - Nigeria Info.|publisher=grabalerts.com|date=2020-10-06|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-10-06|archivedate=2020-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013143341/https://www.grabalerts.com/who-is-the-richest-actor-in-nigeria//}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọmume Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Afọ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Ihe nkiri
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Ọrụ
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Ihe edeturu
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2002
|''Spanner''
|Spanner
|with [[Nkem Owoh]]
|-
|''Okwu na uka''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]] &amp; [[Patience Ozokwor]]
|-
|''Aka Gum''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;14&quot; |2003
|''Tom na Jerry''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Onye Katkist''
|
|ya na [[Mr. Ibu|John Okafor]]
|-
|''Show Bobo: The American Boys''
|Kizzito
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Ịhapụ Ụlọ Akwụkwọ''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Pipiro''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Onunaeyi: Mkpụrụ nke ịgba ohu''
|
|ya na [[Pete Edochie]], [[Osita Iheme]], [[Patience Ozokwor]] &amp; [[Clem Ohameze]]
|-
|''Lagos Boys''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Nsogbu Ezinụlọ''
|
|
|-
|''Charge &amp; Bail''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Lọta site na America''
|
|ya na [[Rita Dominic]]
|-
|'m n'ịhụnanya
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Akpu-Nku''
|
|
|-
|''Aki na ukwa''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''2 Rats''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]], [[Patience Ozokwor]] na [[Amaechi Muonagor]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2004
|''Spanner na-aga mkpọrọ''
|
|with [[Nkem Owoh]]
|-
|''Ọ bụghị site n'ịdị elu''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Igbo Made''
|
|
|-
|''Big Daddies''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Gafere Niger''
|
|ya na [[Pete Edochie]], Kanayo O. Kanayo &amp; Ramsey Nouah
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |2005
|''Ụmụ nwoke obodo''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Spoiler''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Njem Nzuzo''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Reggae Boys''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Otu Ezi Ntugharị''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Echere m ugboro abụọ''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Iko Mba Ụwa Ikpeazụ''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Agba nke Mmetụta''
|Ebony
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;15&quot; |2006
|''Ndị Nna Ukwu Na-eto Eto''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Imeri Ịhụnanya Gị''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]] &amp; [[Patience Ozokwor]]
|-
|'U' General
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]] &amp; [[Patience Ozokwor]]
|-
|''Ego Dị Mma''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Ndị Ozi Eze''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Magic Cap''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Ihe ịma aka ikpeazụ''
|
|ya na Kanayo O. Kanayo &amp; [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Kadura''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Jadon''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Egwuregwu Men Play''
|
|ya na [[Chioma Chukwuka]], [[Kate Henshaw|Kate Henshaw-Nuttal]], [[Ini Edo]], [[Mike Ezuruonye]] &amp; Jim Iyke
|-
|''Iwu mpụ''
|Hippo
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Ndị isi ụbụrụ''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Igbe ụbụrụ''
|
|ya na Kanayo O. Kanayo &amp; [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Ụmụ nwoke si Holland''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Nwa a gọziri agọzi''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2007
|''Oké Ifufe''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Nnụnụ Ndị Isi Ike''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Mmụọ nke Onye Amụma''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]] &amp; [[Clem Ohameze]]
|-
|''Ndị nkịtị dị ike''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Ike dị ka nke Ochie''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]] &amp; [[Clem Ohameze]]
|-
|''Ịgbaga na Destiny''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|''Ken na Ebel''
|
|ya na [[Osita Iheme]]
|-
|}

== Ihe Nkiri onyonyo ==

* The Johnsons dị ka Efetobore Johnson, nke Rogers Ofime mepụtara

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|2119056}}

== Edensibia ==
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  <page>
    <title>Ike Ekweremadu</title>
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'''Ike Ekweremadu''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 12 n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1962) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye ọka iwu si [[Ȯra Enugu|Enugu Steeti]] nke jere ozi na Senate nke Naịjirịa kemgbe Mee afọ 2003.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-05-17|title=Ekweremadu at 51 - a profile in grace|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/05/ekweremadu-at-51-a-profile-in-grace/|accessdate=2022-02-24|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye otu [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] ma bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke ndị omeiwu Naịjirịa ugboro atọ n'usoro (6th, 7th na 8th) senate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2019|title=The Nigerian National Assembly|journal=Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development|language=en-gb|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8|issn=2198-7262}}&lt;/ref&gt; E jidere ya maka iweta nwatakịrị na UK maka iwe ihe ubi nke akụkụ ahụ na 23 June 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Two charged with child organ-harvesting conspiracy|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-61908876|work=BBC News|date=2022-06-23|accessdate=2022-06-23|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ ==
A mụrụ Ike Ekweremadu n'afọ 1962 na Amachara Mpu na Aninri Local Government Area nke Enugu State, ọ bụkwa onye [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]]. O nwere nzere bachelọ na nzere masta na iwu na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum nke Naịjirịa]], a kpọkwara ya na Nigerian Bar na 1987. O nwekwara nzere Doctor of Philosophy na iwu na Mahadum nke Abuja, Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.senatorikeekweremadu.com/about_ekwe.htm|title=About Senator Ike Ekweremadu|publisher=Senator Ike Ekweremadu|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812202615/http://www.senatorikeekweremadu.com/about_ekwe.htm|archivedate=August 12, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhọpụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
A họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke Aninri Local Government Council n'elu ikpo okwu nke United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP) n'afọ 1997 wee merie onye isi oche kacha mma nke afọ ahụ, na 1997.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ogbonnia|first=Chiedozie Alex|date=May 18, 2013|title=Ekweremadu at 51 – a profile in grace|work=Vanguard Newspaper|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/05/ekweremadu-at-51-a-profile-in-grace/|accessdate=August 31, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara Chief Ekweremadu ka ọ bụrụ Chief of staff nke gọvanọ Enugu steeti n'afọ 1999 wee jee ozi n'ọkwa ahụ ruo afọ 2001. E mechara họpụta ya dịka odeakwụkwọ nke Gọọmentị Enugu Steeti n'afọ 2001 wee jee ozi ruo afọ 2002.

== Ọrụ Senatorial ==
[[Usòrò:Huriwa2gk-is-565.png|alt=|thumb|The Guardian na onye bụbu Kọmishọna Federal nke Nigerian National Human Rights Commission [NHRC] Comrade Emmanuel Onwubiko na-akwado nleta na osote onye isi oche Senate Senator Ike Ekweremadu]]
Na Eprel 12, 2003, a họpụtara ya na Senate nke Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://odili.net/news/source/2003/jun/16/66.html|title=Shady Deals|date=June 8, 2003|publisher=Newswatch Communications Limited|accessdate=2009-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425080829/http://odili.net/news/source/2003/jun/16/66.html|archivedate=April 25, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Septemba 2003, dịka osote onye isi oche nke kọmitii sineti na-ahụ maka mgbasa ozi, Chief Ekweremadu kwuru na sineti ga-eme nnyocha siri ike banyere ebubo iri ngo nke onye ozi Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Mallam Nasir el-Rufai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24459480_ITM|title=Senate Resolves to Probe FCT Minister's Bribery Allegation.|date=September 18, 2003|publisher=Vanguard (Nigeria)|accessdate=2009-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Nasir El-Rufai na sineti nọgidere na-abụ onye iro, e mechara bo El-Rufai ebubo nrụrụ aka na 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3634616.stm|title=Profile: Mallam Nasir el-Rufai|publisher=BBC News|date=7 September 2004|accessdate=2009-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7796203.stm|title=Nigeria ex-minister is wanted man|publisher=BBC News|date=22 December 2008|accessdate=2009-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
N'afọ 2005, Senator Kenechukwu Nnamani meriri Ike Ekweremadu n'ọsọ maka onye isi oche nke Senate nke Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=13754|title=Nnamani Emerges Senate President|publisher=This Day Online|date=April 5, 2005|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050426130323/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=13754|archivedate=2005-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2006, dịka ọnụ na-ekwuru ndị Southern Senators' Forum, Ekweremadu gọrọ ebubo na ha mere nkwekọrịta iji weghachite ike na North na ntuli aka 2007.
N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2006, Onye isi ala [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] gwara ndị Sineti ka ha nyochaa akụkọ nke Economic and Financial Crimes Commission nke boro osote onye isi ala [[Atiku Abubakar]] ebubo aghụghọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Obasanjo Can't Declare VP Post Vacant- Nigeria Court {{!}} Voice of America - English|url=https://www.voanews.com/archive/obasanjo-cant-declare-vp-post-vacant-nigeria-court|accessdate=2021-01-23|work=www.voanews.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ike Ekweremadu kwere nkwa iguzobe kọmitii nyocha nke a ga-enyefe akụkọ ya na Senate, ọ bụ ezie na o kwuru na mmegide ga-esi ike ebe ọ bụ na ọ ga-achọ ọnụọgụ abụọ n'ime atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afriquechos.ch/article.php3?id_article=1620|language=fr|title=Olusegun Obasanjo accuse de fraude son vice-Président , l'un des favoris à la présidentielle de 2007|date=September 11, 2006|publisher=Afriqu'Echos Magazine|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726100106/http://www.afriquechos.ch/article.php3?id_article=1620|archivedate=July 26, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kpọghachiri Ekweremadu na ntuli aka nke 29 Eprel 2007 Nigerian National Assembly, ma họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche sineti. E nyere ya ọrụ inyefe ọkwa onye isi oche kọmitii nke e kenyere mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, na-eme mkpebi ndị isi sematọs na-amaghị dịka Senator [[Chris Anyanwu]], bụ ndị na-enwetaghị ọkwa ha chọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.champion-newspapers.com/saturday%20files/saturday%20newsfile/weekend%20politics/article4.htm|title=How S/East senators have fared|publisher=Saturday Champion|date=September 14, 2009|accessdate=2009-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080815222353/http://www.champion-newspapers.com/saturday%20files/saturday%20newsfile/weekend%20politics/article4.htm|archivedate=August 15, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2007, Ekweremadu nyere aka n'ịkwụsị mmegide maka nhọpụta esemokwu nke Ojo Maduekwe n'ọkwa onye ozi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2007/july/12/national-12-07-2007-006.htm|title=Senate screens Agusto, Odey, Ruma 4 others • Coast appears clear for Maduekwe|publisher=The Daily Sun|date=July 12, 2007|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20080229190434/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2007/july/12/national-12-07-2007-006.htm|archivedate=February 29, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200711230375.html|title=Upgrading of Enugu Airport - Before the Drums Roll Out|publisher=Daily Champion|date=23 November 2007|accessdate=2009-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe e boro onye isi odeakwụkwọ nke onye isi ala [[Umaru Yar'Adua]], David Edevbie, ebubo na Septemba afọ 2009 n'ụlọ ikpe Britain maka nrụrụ aka nammefu ego, Ekweremadu jụrụ ịnara ọkwa, na-ekwu na ọ maghị eziokwu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5458722-146/story.csp|title=Senators see no evil|publisher=TIMBUKTU MEDIA|date=September 13, 2009|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924103545/http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5458722-146/story.csp|archivedate=September 24, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2009, a kpọrọ Ekweremadu onye isi oche nke kọmitii ga-eme ntuli aka mbụ maka onye na-azọ ọkwa gọvanọ nke Peoples Democratic Party maka [[Ọ̀hà Ọmambala|Anambra Steeti]].

=== Senatorial Election 2011 ===
A họpụtara Ekweremadu ọzọ dịka Senator maka Enugu West na ntuli aka Eprel 2011, na-enweta votu 112,806. Onye kacha bụrụ onye na-esote ya bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa nke Peoples for Democratic Change (PDC), Jackson Ezeoffor, onye nwetara vootu 7,522.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/02/why-i-endorsed-chime-ekweremadus-re-election-bid-mark/|title=Why I endorsed Chime, Ekweremadu's re-election bid- Mark|date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Senatorial Election 2019 ===
Na Febụwarị 23, 2019, a họpụtara Ekweremadu ọzọ dịka onye omeiwu na-anọchite anya mpaghara ndị omeiwu nke Enugu West maka oge nke ise na-esote ebe o nwetara ọnụ ọgụgụ vootu 86,088 iji merie onye iro ya kacha nso, Oriakụ Juliet Ibekaku-Nwagwu nke [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC) onye nwetara vootu 15,187.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/ekweremadu-wins-5th-senate-term/|title=Ekweremadu wins 5th Senate term|date=25 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 2019, Ekweremadu meriri n'ọkwa ya ịbụ osote onye isi oche nke Sineti nke itoolu nke Naijiria. Ekweremadu zọrọ mpi megide Ovie Omo-Agege onye nwetara vootu iri isii na asatọ iji pụta Onye mmeri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Breaking: Ekweremadu loses bid to become Deputy Senate President|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/breaking-omo-agege-emerges-new-deputy-senate-president/|accessdate=11 June 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=11 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'isi ụtụtụ Tuesday, o weghachiri ụgbọala ndị isi ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=JUST IN: Ike Ekweremadu returns official vehicles|url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/just-ike-ekweremadu-returns-official-vehicles/|accessdate=14 June 2019|work=Oak TV Newstrack|date=11 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Ekweremadu egosila na ọ ga-ala ezumike nká na Senate nke Naijiria site n'ịghara ịzọ ọkwa na 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/politics/ekweremadus-decision-to-quit-better-late-than-never/|title=Ekweremadu's decision to quit: Better late than never|date=19 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2022|archivedate=7 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607165936/https://guardian.ng/politics/ekweremadus-decision-to-quit-better-late-than-never/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== '''2022 owuwe ihe ubi akụkụ ahụ mmadụ''' ===
Na 23 June 2022, Ekweremadu boro ya na Beatrice Nwanneka Ekweremadu ebubo na ha na-agba mbọ ịhazi njem nwata na UK. E chebere nwa ahụ. Nnyocha na-aga n'ihu kemgbe Mee 2022 mgbe ndị uwe ojii mepere emepe mara maka mmejọ ndị nwere ike ime n'okpuru iwu ịgba ohu ọgbara ọhụrụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Two people charged with conspiracy offences linked to allegations of organ harvesting|url=https://news.met.police.uk/news/two-people-charged-with-conspiracy-offences-linked-to-allegations-of-organ-harvesting-450143|work=Mynewsdesk|accessdate=2022-06-23|language=en|archivedate=2022-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627110326/https://news.met.police.uk/news/two-people-charged-with-conspiracy-offences-linked-to-allegations-of-organ-harvesting-450143}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ECOWAS ==
N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2009, a họpụtara ya ka ọ na-edu kọmitii pụrụ iche nke Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) iji rụọ ọrụ maka nlọghachi usoro iwu na [[Niger|Niger Republic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200909110710.html|title=Ekweremadu Heads Ecowas Committee In Country|publisher=Daily Trust|date=September 11, 2009|accessdate=2009-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke ndị omeiwu ECOWAS wee pụta onye isi oche nke ndị omeiwu mpaghara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/08/ekweremadu-at-ecowas/|title=Ekweremadu at ECOWAS|date=17 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ==

* CFR, Knight of the Good Shepherd, Ikeoha Ndigbo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/389|title=Home|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2020-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713002906/https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/389}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibịa ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{Cite web|url=http://www.senatorikeekweremadu.com/about_ekwe.htm|title=About Senator Ike Ekweremadu|publisher=Senator Ike Ekweremadu|accessdate=2009-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812202615/http://www.senatorikeekweremadu.com/about_ekwe.htm|archivedate=August 12, 2009}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[Speaker of ECOWAS Parliament]]|before=[[Mahamane Ousmane]]|after=Incumbent|years=2011-}}
{{s-end}}

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Nomcebo Zikode</title>
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'''Nomcebo Nothule Zikode''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1985), bụ onye South Africa na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hdsentertainment.co.za/nomcebo-zikode/|title=HDS Ent: Nomcebo Zikode|work=hdsentertainment|accessdate=1 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ ya na Hammarsdale, Zikode bụ onye na-agụ egwu ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Ya na DJ Ganyani arụkọla ọrụ na egwu  ha dara ụda &quot;Emazulwini&quot; (2018).

N'ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Open Mic Production, o so dee ma gosipụta ya na Master KG's chart-topping single &quot;Jerusalema&quot; (2019), nke malitere dika nke mbụ na chatti Billboard Music  na chatti Apple Music .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ntombizodwa|first=Makhoba|title=Master KG and Nomcebo Zikode's Jerusalema is officially a global hit!|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/master-kg-and-nomcebo-zikodes-jerusalema-is-officially-a-global-hit-20200728|accessdate=31 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E wepụtara abọm mbụ ya bụ ''Xola Moya Wam''' n'afọ 2020, nke nwere egwu abụọ gara nke ọma &quot;Xola Moya wam&quot; na &quot;Bayabuza&quot;.

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==

=== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ===
A mụrụ Zikode na Hammarsdale, KwaZulu-Natal.&lt;ref name=&quot;thenation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thenation.co.za/bio/nomcebo-zikode-biography/&amp;grqid=tkFkMqxz&amp;s=1&amp;hl=en-ZA|title=Nomcebo Zikode biography, profile, age, married, &amp; place of birth|publisher=thenation.co.za|date=2020-06-17|accessdate=2020-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Ukusa High School, mesịa debanye aha na Havatech College, ma nweta nzere Information Technology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nomcebo Zikode Biography: Exclusive, New Single, Ambassador, Age, Early Life, Education, Career, Jerusalema|url=https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/nomcebo-zikode/nomcebo-zikode-biography-ambassador-age-early-life-education-career-record-label-jerusalema?content|work=zalebs|date=11 September 2020|accessdate=17 June 2022|archivedate=15 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415170114/https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/nomcebo-zikode/nomcebo-zikode-biography-ambassador-age-early-life-education-career-record-label-jerusalema?content}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmalite ọrụ ===
Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ụlọ iji chụsoo ọrụ  egwu, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye na-agụ egwu nkwado ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri na ise. Ya na ndị nwere nka ihe omume na South Africa, gụnyere [[Deborah Fraser (singer)|Deborah Fraser]], Zahara, Lundi Tyamara, na Nhlanhla Nciza rụkọrọ ọrụ.

Ganyani Entertainment bịanyere aka maka nsonye, na-enye olu nke egwu gụnyere &quot;NTO&quot;, &quot;Jabulile&quot;, na &quot;Emazulwini&quot;, nke natara nhọpụta nke Record of the Year na onyinye SAMA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=DJ Ganyani's 'Emazulwini' music video, featuring Nomcebo, reaches two million views|url=https://justnje.com/dj-ganyanis-emazulwini-music-video-featuring-nomcebo-reaches-two-million-views/|accessdate=31 August 2020|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204055140/https://justnje.com/dj-ganyanis-emazulwini-music-video-featuring-nomcebo-reaches-two-million-views/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe ọ bụ na ọbughi ya nwe egwu ndị ahụ, ekweghị ka ọ rụọ ha na-enweghị nkwenye nke akara ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Aubrey Mothobeni|title=DJ Ganyani, protégé sing a different tune|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/news/2018-10-30-dj-ganyani-protg-sing-a-different-tune/|accessdate=31 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịbụ onye bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Open Mic Productions, ọ nwetara ọmụma n'ụwa niile mgbe ya na Master KG rụchara ọrụ na  egwu ya nke afọ 2019 &quot;bu Jerusalema&quot; ma mesịa bụrụ nke Burna Boy guhariri ma chikọta, nke pụtara nke mbụ na chaatị egwu Billboard.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/burna-boy/chart-history/fra/|title=Burna Boy|work=Billboard}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Emmanuel Tjiya|title=How hit song Jerusalema redeemed Nomcebo|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2020-08-14-how-hit-song-jerusalema-redeemed-nomcebo/|work=Sowetan Live|accessdate=31 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nikita Coetzee|title=How Jerusalema vocalist Nomcebo Zikode went from singing backup to taking centre stage|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/music/news/how-jerusalema-vocalist-nomcebo-zikode-went-from-singing-backup-to-taking-centre-stage-20200825-2|accessdate=31 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020-dị ugbu a:Xola Moya Wam ===
N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2020, e wepụtara egwu ya bụ &quot;Xola Moya Wam&quot; nke gosipụtara Master KG ma wepụta egwu a dị ka isi egwu dị na Albọm . Egwú ahụ nwetara asambodo ọla edo site na Recording Industry nke South Africa n'ime izu abụọ mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://briefly.co.za/amp/77901-nomcebo-zikode-rejoices-single-reaches-gold-status.html|work=briefly.co.za|title=Nomcebo Zikode rejoices as her new single reaches gold status|author=Denika Herbst|date=3 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nomcebo's &quot;Xola Moya Wam&quot; Goes Gold - ZAlebs|url=https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/nomcebo-zikode/nomcebo-s-xola-moya-wam-goes-gold|work=zalebs.com|author=|date=3 September 2020|accessdate=17 June 2022|archivedate=15 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415172957/https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/nomcebo-zikode/nomcebo-s-xola-moya-wam-goes-gold}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu egwu ahụ ruru nọmba nke mbụ na chaati Apple Music  na chaati iTunes .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.top-charts.com/s/xola-moya-wam-feat-master-kg-nomcebo-zikode|title=Xola Moya Wam' (feat. Master KG)|work=www.top-charts.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Na mbido Ọgọstụ, e mere ka albọm akwụọ ụgwọ tupu Mpụta dị.

E wepụtara abọm studio mbụ ya bụ ''Xola Moya Wam'' n'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/jerusalema-hit-maker-nomcebo-zikode-releases-her-solo-album-xola-moya-wam/194160|work=okayafrica|title=Jerusalema' Hit-Maker Nomcebo Zikode Releases Her Solo Album 'Xola Moya Wam'|date=8 September 2020|author=Sabelo Mkhabela|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nomcebo Zikode &quot;Xola Moya Wam&quot; Album ReleaseDate, Tracklist, Artwork &amp; Pre-add|url=https://www.ubetoo.com/news/nomcebo-zikode-xola-moya-wam-album-release-date-tracklist-artwork-pre-add/|work=ubetoo|author=John|date=17 August 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nomcebo Zikode releases new debut album 'Xola Moya Wam'|url=https://samusicmag.co.za/2020/08/nomcebo-zikode-releases-new-debut-album-xola-moya-wam/amp/|accessdate=21 August 2020|work=SA Music Magazine|archivedate=21 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021073135/https://samusicmag.co.za/2020/08/nomcebo-zikode-releases-new-debut-album-xola-moya-wam/amp/}}&lt;/ref&gt; gosiputaraMaster KG, [[Makhadzi]] na Bongo Beats.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nomcebo Zikode and Master KG collaborate on new single, Xola Moya Wam’|url=https://justnje.com/nomcebo-zikode-and-master-kg-collaborate-on-new-single-xola-moya-wam/|accessdate=31 August 2020|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204024329/https://justnje.com/nomcebo-zikode-and-master-kg-collaborate-on-new-single-xola-moya-wam/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mpiletso Motumi|title=Nomcebo Zikode rides wave of Jerusalema success with new album release|url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/nomcebo-zikode-rides-wave-of-jerusalema-success-with-new-album-release-c1267e14-6379-4460-9cda-bd16045e6d00|accessdate=31 August 2020|publisher=Mpiletso Motumi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mxolisi Mngadi|title=Master KG praises Nomcebo Zikode's new song titled Xola Moya Wam'|url=https://briefly.co.za/76831-master-kg-praises-nomcebo-zikodes-song-titled-xola-moya-wam.html|accessdate=31 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kwadoro abọm ahụ platinum mgbe otu ọnwa gachara ka e wepụtara ya na ahịa nke edere ọnụ ọgụ narị puku na iri ise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/musicnews-nomcebo-zikode-collects-platinum-plaque-for-debut-album-xola-moya-wami/|title=#MusicNews: Nomcebo Zikode Collects Platinum Plaque For Debut Album, &quot;Xola Moya Wami&quot;|date=19 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2020, Zikode bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ gburugburu ụwa na ntinye aka nke Sony / ATV Music.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/jerusalema-star-nomcebo-zikode-signs-an-exclusive-global-deal-with-sony-093ccd05-7cb4-47f4-b1e4-18541afd4e24|title='Jerusalema' star Nomcebo Zikode signs an exclusive global deal with Sony|work=www.iol.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/music/news/jerusalema-vocalist-nomcebo-zikode-bags-global-publishing-deal-20201029-2|title=Jerusalema vocalist Nomcebo Zikode bags global publishing deal|first=Nikita|author=Coetzee|work=Channel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị́ atọ nke ọnwa Disemba afọ 2020, ọ meriri na 1st KZN Entertainment Awards nke KZN ntụrụndụ Awards maka Best Female Artist category.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2020/12/18/south-african-jerusalema-singer-nomcebo-zikode-wins-kzn-award/|work=Africa News|title=South African 'Jerusalema' Singer Nomcebo Zikode Wins KZN Award|first=Kizzi|author=Asala|date=18 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N' oge 27th South African Music Awards, a họpụtara ''Xola Moya Wam'' dị ka Albọm egwu kacha mma bụ Best dance Album.

N'abalị iri abụọ na iteghete n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2021, ọ ga-amalite njem ga Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sebenza Gal: Nomcebo Zikode to Kick Off European Tour Soon|url=https://briefly.co.za/103794-sebenza-gal-nomcebo-zikode-kick-european-tour-soon.html|date=July 5, 2021|first=Sibusisiwe|author=Lwandle|work=Briefly}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha afọ 2021, ọ ga-eme ngosi egwu nke mbụ ya na ihuenyo dị ka onye ọbịa na Love and Hip Hop franchise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nomcebo Zikode to make an appearance on ‘Love and Hip Hop’|url=https://www.iol.co.za/amp/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/nomcebo-zikode-to-make-an-appearance-on-love-and-hip-hop-ee84af29-a79a-4bcd-9c1b-a8ef0471bf78|work=Independent Online|first=Jamal|author=Grootboom|accessdate=September 16, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Arụmụka ==
N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, e gosipụtara ya na &quot;Jerusalem&quot; nke Master KG ma gbasaa na mbido afọ 2020, Burna Boy wepụtara remix ya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 July 2021|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2021-07-11-no-peace-in-jerusalema-as-open-mic-fires-back-at-nomcebo-over-royalties/|title=No peace in Jerusalema as Open Mic fires back at Nomcebo over royalties|first=Emmanuel|author=Tjiya|work=Sowetan LIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt;
N'abalị iri na otu nke ọnwa Julaị afọ 2021, Nomcebo kpughere na a kwụghị ya ụgwọ maka ihe ngosi ya na egwu ahụ site na akara ya Open Mic Productions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nomcebo Zikode: “I have not been paid a cent by the label for Jerusalema” {{!}} Truelove|url=https://www.news24.com/amp/truelove/celebrity/nomcebo-zikode-i-havent-received-a-cent-from-jerusalema-20210711|date=11 July 2021|work=News24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
N'afọ 2021, Nomcebo kwadoro Good Ambassador maka AIDONIC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nomcebo Zikode announced as Good Ambassador for AIDONIC {{!}} Fakaza Newa|work=Fakaza News|author=Bukola|date=May 20, 2021|url=https://fakazanews.com/2021/05/20/nomcebo-zikode-announced-as-good-ambassador-for-aidonic/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njem ==

=== Isi okwu ===

* Njem Europe (2021)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nomcebo Zikode to start her first European tour soon {{!}} Fakaza News|url=https://fakazanews.com/2021/07/01/nomcebo-zikode-to-start-her-first-european-tour-soon/|work=Fakaza News|author=Bukola|date=July 1, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndepụta egwu ==

* ''Xola Moya Wam'' (2020)

=== Ndị dị otú  ogosipụtara na ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:21em;&quot; |Aha ya
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Afọ
! colspan=&quot;10&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ọnọdụ chaatị kachasị elu
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |asambodo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Album
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3em;font-size:85%;&quot; |SA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://radiomonitor.com/airplay-chart/south_africa-all_radio_(fri_to_thu_by_rams)|title=South Africa - Radio airplay chart|publisher=Radiomonitor|accessdate=26 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626063718/https://radiomonitor.com/airplay-chart/south_africa-all_radio_(fri_to_thu_by_rams)|archivedate=26 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3em;font-size:85%;&quot; |AUT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AUT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Master+KG|title=Discographie Master KG|work=austriancharts.at|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3em;font-size:85%;&quot; |BEL (FL)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ultratop.be/nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Nomcebo+Zikode|title=Discografie Nomcebo Zikode|work=ultratop.be/nl|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3em;font-size:85%;&quot; |BEL (WA)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Nomcebo+Zikode|title=Discographie Nomcebo Zikode|work=ultratop.be/fr|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3em;font-size:85%;&quot; |E wezụga nke ahụ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FRA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Nomcebo+Zikode|title=Discographie Nomcebo Zikode|work=lescharts.com|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3em;font-size:85%;&quot; |GER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GER&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artistId=Nomcebo+Zikode|title=Discographie von Nomcebo Zikode|work=offiziellecharts.de|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 February 2021|archivedate=17 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617134001/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artistId=Nomcebo%20Zikode}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3em;font-size:85%;&quot; |NL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Nomcebo+Zikode|title=Discografie Nomcebo Zikode|work=dutchcharts.nl|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3em;font-size:85%;&quot; |SWE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Nomcebo+Zikode|title=Discography Nomcebo Zikode|work=swedishcharts.com|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3em;font-size:85%;&quot; |SWI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SWI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hitparade.ch/song/Master-KG-feat.-Burna-Boy-&amp;-Nomcebo-Zikode/Jerusalema-(Remix)-2027249|title=Discographie Master KG|work=hitparade.ch|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3em;font-size:85%;&quot; |UK&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/57850/master-kg-ft-nomcebo-zikode/|title=MASTER KG FT NOMCEBO ZIKODE {{!}} full Official Chart History|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|work=officialcharts.com|accessdate=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Emazulwini (&lt;small&gt;DJ Ganyani&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; na-egosi Nomcebo)
|2019
|Ọdịdị
|Ọdịdị
|Ọdịdị
|Ọdịdị
|Ọdịdị
|Ọdịdị
|Ọdịdị
|Ọdịdị
|Ọdịdị
|Ọdịdị
|
|''Ganyanyanyanyụs Ụlọ Grooves 10''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Jerusalem(&quot;Master KG featuring Nomcebo)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|2020
|1
|2
|1
|1
|2
|3
|2
|31
|1
|55
|
* BEA: Platinum
* SNEP: Platinum
* FIMI: 2× Platinum
|''Jerusalem''
|-
| colspan=&quot;22&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot; |&quot;[[&quot; na-egosi ihe ndekọ nke na-enweghị chaatị ma ọ bụ nke a na-ewepụtaghị.
|}

; Ndị ọzọ

* &quot;Jerusalema&quot; (remix) - (&lt;small&gt;Master KG feat&lt;/small&gt;. Burna Boy &amp; Nomcebo Zikode) (2020)
* &quot;Jerusalema&quot; (remix) - &lt;small&gt;Master KG feat&lt;/small&gt;. Micro TDH &amp; Greeicy &amp; Nomcebo Zikode (2020)

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Zikode lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ abụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;five&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Five Things You Did Not Know About Jerusalema’s Nomcebo Zikode.|url=https://iharare.com/five-things-you-did-not-know-about-jerusalemas-nomcebo-zikode/|work=iharare|accessdate=31 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Onyinye
!Ụdị
!Nsonaazụ
!Ref.
|-
|2020
|KZNEA nke Mbụ
|Nwanyị na-ese ihe kacha mma
|{{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://briefly.co.za/91103-sjava-nomcebo-zikode-win-big-kwazulu-natal-entertainment-awards.html|title=Sjava, Nomcebo win big KwaZulu-Natal Entertainment  awrds|work=Briefly}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2021
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |SAMAs nke iri abụọ na asaa
|Nwanyị Na-eme Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma
|{{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=South African Music Awards 2021: All the nominees {{!}} Music In Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/south-african-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|first=Ano|author=Shumba|date=19 May 2021|work=Music In Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Album ịgba egwú kacha mma
|{{Nom}}
|-
|Ihe ndekọ nke Afọ
|{{Nom}}
|-
|Nsọpụrụ Net
|Abụ ọzọ a na-akpọkarị - &quot;Jerusalema (Remix)&quot;
(Master KG featuring Nomcebo Zikode &amp; Burna Boy)
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mofijesusewa|first=Samuel|date=2021-06-20|title=NET Honours 2021: “Damages” by Tems Named Most Played Alternative Song|url=https://thenet.ng/net-honours-2021-damages-by-tems-named-most-played-alternative-song/|accessdate=2021-07-21|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |All Africa Music Awards
|Nwanyị Na-eme Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma na South Africa
|{{pending}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=All Africa Music Awards 2021: All the nominees {{!}} Music In Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/all-africa-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|work=Music In Africa|first=Gabriel Myers|author=Hansen|accessdate=23 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Ndị Africa hụrụ n'anya
|{{pending}}
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Nomcebo Zikode at AllMusic
* Nomcebo Zikode discography at Discogs
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Diane Victor</title>
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'''Diane Victor''', (amụrụ n'afọ 1964, Witbank, South Africa) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na ónyé na-ebi akwụkwọ na South Africa, nke a maara maka nkọwa ya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya banyéré ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa nke oge a.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Victor na Witbank, South Africa.  O nwetara nzere BA Fine Arts na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand na Johannesburg n'afọ 1986.

Site na 1990 rụo ugbu a, Victor akụziwo oge ezumike, na-akụzi eserese na obibi akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ dị ichè íchè nke South Africa gụnyere Mahadum Pretoria, Wits Technikon, Pretoria Technikon.

== Ihe osise ==
Ọrụ Victor na-eji onyinyo ahụ, mgbé mgbè onyinyo onwé ya, iji mepụta akụkọ dị mgbagwoju anya metụtara South Africa nke ógè a na nsogbụ agha zuru ụwa ọnụ, nrụrụ áká na ime ihe ike na ọha na eze, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndụ onwé ónyé. Dị ka Virginia Mackenny si kwuo, ọrụ Victor na-ama ónyé na-ekiri ya aka &quot;ịkwacha ihe oyiyi ya jupụtara na ya, nke jupụtara na nkọwa zuru ezu, iji chọpụta ọkwa ha na omume. N'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị olileanya ọ bụla nke usoro, ihe oyiyi ndị a na-echetara Breugel ma ọ bụ Bosch n'echiche ha na-enweghị nchekwube banyéré ụwa na mkpokọta nke otu nzuzu n'elu nke ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;Perryer, Sophie,ed. 10 years 100 Artists: Art in a Democratic South Africa, 2004, p. 398.&lt;/ref&gt; Victor gosipụtara eziokwu jupụtara na ikpe na-ezighị ezi, na-ekpughe mgbagwoju anya nke ịdị adị nke oge a. &quot;Ikike ya igosi isiokwu ya na isiokwu ya n'ụzọ nke na ihe niile ma e wezụga ịmanye anyị ka anyị mata ha na-achụpụ anyị n'ime ihe anyị na-enweghị obi ụtọ, ma anyị chọrọ ya ma ọ bụ na anyị achọghị&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;McInnes, Jacki. &quot;Of Fables and Folly: Diane Victor, Recent Work Catalog.&quot;Grinnell: Faulconer Gallery, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

Ikike Victor nwèrè ịga n'ihu n'ọrụ ya nke karịrị afọ irí àtó, emeela ka o doo ányá na ọ nọgide na-aga n'ihu na nkà na usoro.  Ọ na-emetụtakwa usoro eserese nnwale, dịka a hụrụ ya na ihe osise anwụrụ ọkụ na ihe osisi ntụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;little history&quot;&gt;&quot;Little History&quot; Proferssor Karen von Veh, interview with Diane Victor 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi onwe onye ==

* 2018 &quot;Little History&quot; na Johannes Stegmnn Gallery na Bloemfontein
* 2018 &quot;The 14 Stations&quot; ntinye maka Aardklop Festival, Mahadum nke Potchefstroom
* 2018 &quot;Otu ịchụ nta&quot; na Goodman Gallery na Cape Town
* 2017 &quot;I gosipụta Eziokwu na Ike&quot; na David Krut Projects na New York
* 2015 &quot;One Pound of Flesh&quot; na Goodman gallery na Johannesburg
* 2014 &quot;Nịga na mmebi eme&quot; na David Krut Projects na Cape Town
* 2013 &quot;Enweghị mba maka ụmụ nwanyị ochie&quot; KKNK Festival artist exhibition na Oudtshoorn
* 2012 &quot;Ashes to Ashes and Smoke to Dust&quot;, University of Johannesburg Art Gallery
* 2012 &quot;Diane Victor - Ọrụ na-adịbeghị anya&quot; na David Krut Projects na New York, USA
* 2011 &quot;Fables and Folly&quot; na Faulconer Gallery na Grinnell College, Iowa, USA
* 2011 &quot;Brief Lives&quot;, onye na-ese ihe na mmemme na ngosi Innibos na Nelspruit
* 2011 &quot;Ashes to Ashes and Smoke to Dust&quot;, Mahadum nke Johannesburg art gallery
* 2010 &quot;Smoke Screen: Frailty and Failing&quot; na David Krut Projects na New York, USA
* 2010 &quot;Transcend&quot; na Goodman Gallery na Johannesburg
* 2009 Festival artist na Aardklop ngosi na Potchefstroom
* 2006 Ihe ngosi onwe onye na Goodman gallery na Johannesburg
* 2005 Ihe osise anwụrụ ọkụ na Michael Stevenson Gallery na Cape Town
* 2003 Ihe ngosi onwe onye na Goodman gallery na Johannesburg
* 1999 Ihe ngosi onwe onye na Goodman gallery na Johannesburg
* 1997 Joburg Theatre n'etiti ndị mmadụ, kọmitii, Tesson Theatre, Johannesburg
* 1994 Ihe ngosi onwe onye na Goodman gallery na Johannesburg
* 1990 South African Arts Association, Pretoria Gallery on the Market, Johannesburg

== Nnyocha ndị nta akụkọ ==

* Herlo van Rensburg, &quot;N'ajụjụ ọnụ na Diane Victor.&quot; ''Foto na'' ederede. Nke 5, peeji nke 273, August 1995
* Herlo van Rensburg, &quot;Purging in the work of Diane Victor: Contradiction and Convergence&quot;, June 1996&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.up.ac.za/academic/arts/gallery.html|title=South Africa Gallery|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990428182459/http://www.up.ac.za/academic/arts/gallery.html|archivedate=28 April 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Chris Roper, &quot;Onye ọ bụla na nke ya&quot;, Mail &amp; Guardian, 8 Mee 1998
* Brenda Atkinson, &quot;Ụfọdụ nkume dị oké ọnụ ahịa na njedebe nke eke na egwurugwu&quot;, Mail &amp; Guardian,8 Eprel 1999 (Ntụle nke Winsor na Newton Millennium Painting Competition)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/mg/art/fineart/9904/990408-winton.html|title=Winton|accessdate=13 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925020954/http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/mg/art/fineart/9904/990408-winton.html|archivedate=25 September 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Brenda Atkinson, &quot;Clean: An Exhibition of De-saturated Contemporary Art&quot;, ArtThrob, November 2001&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artthrob.co.za/01nov/reviews/millennium.html|title=A R T T H R O B / R E V I E W S|publisher=Artthrob.co.za|date=|accessdate=13 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Daniel Thöle, &quot;Nkwupụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya gafere ókèala&quot;, [[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]], Tuesday, 9 April 2002 (Ntụle nke 'Transmigrations' na Pretoria Art Museum)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Coffeehouse/6702/transmigration/reviews/bdreview.htm|title=Transmigration|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030404105723/http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Coffeehouse/6702/transmigration/reviews/bdreview.htm|archivedate=4 April 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sue Williamson, &quot;Grime' na Bell-Roberts Art Gallery&quot;, ArtThrob, July 2002&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artthrob.co.za/02jul/reviews/grime.html|title=A R T T H R O B / R E V I E W S|publisher=Artthrob.co.za|date=|accessdate=13 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Andrea Jonker-Bryce, &quot;Ihe karịrị anya&quot;, Dispatch Online, Thursday, 21 November 2002 (Ntụle nke 'Transmigrations' na Ann Bryant Art Gallery)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dispatch.co.za/2002/11/21/features/EYE.HTM|title=Welcome to Dispatch Online|publisher=Dispatch.co.za|date=12 November 2010|accessdate=13 March 2012|archivedate=26 December 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051226161949/http://www.dispatch.co.za/2002/11/21/features/EYE.HTM}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Gordon Froud, &quot;Dianne Victor&quot;. Ihe omuma [https://web.archive.org/web/20130905145450/http://designmagazine.co/mag_art.html ''ihe''] omuma. Nke 2, Disemba 2010, peeji nke 6373&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://issuu.com/designinformation/docs/design_art_no_2/63?mode=embed&amp;layout=http://skin.issuu.com/v/darkicons/layout.xml&amp;showFlipBtn=true|title=DESIGN&gt;ART No 2|publisher=Issuu.com|date=|accessdate=1 August 2013|archivedate=1 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201143515/http://issuu.com/designinformation/docs/design_art_no_2/63?mode=embed&amp;layout=http://skin.issuu.com/v/darkicons/layout.xml&amp;showFlipBtn=true}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Hobbs, Philippa na Rankin, Elizabeth. Mbipụta na South Africa Parkwood na-agbanwe agbanwe: 2008, David Phillip Publishers, 1997.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0864863349|0864863349]].
* Perryer, Sophie, ed. ''10 afọ 100'' Artists: Art in a Democratic South Africa, 2004.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/1868729877|1868729877]].
* Mmetụta Onwe Onye: Ike na Poetics na Contemporary South African Art, 2004.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0945802420|0945802420]]
* Rankin, Elizabeth na Karen von Veh. TAXI-013: Diane Victor. Parkwood: 2008, David Krut na-ebipụta Taxi Art Book.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9780958497589|9780958497589]].
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Nkwado mmadụ na mmejọ mmadụ: nghọta ọha na eze banyere ọdachi nke udo nke Diane Victorá&quot;. South African Journal of Art History 26.1 (2011): 85-95.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Collateral: Printmaking as Social Commentary&quot;, Gus Fisher Art Gallery, Mahadum nke Auckland
* Bronwyn Law-Viljoen, Juliet White, Karen von Veh na Luke Crossley ''Diane Victor na-ere kandụl'' na Both Ends Parkwood: 2012, David Krut Publishing.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9780958497534|9780958497534]].
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Essay for Little History Johannes Stegmann Gallery, Mahadum nke Free State.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Lao na Transition n'ọrụ nke Diane Victor. Diane Victor: Ịkpọ kandụl ọkụ na njedebe abụọ. Johannesburg: David Krut. peeji nke 5-78.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Diane Victor, [[Tracey Rose]], na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwoke na nwanyị nke Christian Imagery&quot;. Nkà Africa. Oge oyi 2012.Mpịakọta nke 45. nke 4. peeji nke 22-33
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nchịkọta nke [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]] na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nka South Africa: nyocha ntụnyere nke ihe oyiyi ahọpụtara kemgbe 1960, na-ekwusi ike n'oge post-apartheid. De Arte 85. 2012. peeji nke5-25.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ndị Nsọ na ndị mmehie: Ịtụleghachi ntọala ike nwoke na nwanyị nke ihe oyiyi okpukpe gbanyesiri ike. Na A.A. du Preez (ed.) Ichebe Anya: Mmekọahụ na Omenala Anya. Newcastle on Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. peeji nke 47-70.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ntụle na Sasol Wax Art Awards De Arte 75, September 2007, peeji nke 64-72.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mgbanwe nke ihe oyiyi okpukpe n'ọrụ Diane Victor. Usoro nke Transformation / s na Visual Culture. Nzukọ nke iri abụọ na abụọ kwa afọ nke South African Association of Visual Arts Historians, nke VUT bipụtara 2007 pp: 179-188.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Enwere ebe maka ụmụ nwanyị na nka South Africa nke oge a. De Arte, No.73, 2006, peeji nke 28-42.
* 2021, Vitamin D3: Today's Best in Contemporary Drawing, nke Phaidon bipụtara  

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.goodman-gallery.com/artists/diane-victor Ụlọ ngosi Goodman]
* [http://davidkrutprojects.com/artists/191/diane-victor Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ David Krut]
* [https://www.artprintsa.com/diane-victor.html Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị na-ese ihe]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20241126161151/http://fvanderriet.com/AGV/index.php?Page=./artistes/artist%20diane.htm Ụlọ ọrụ Grand Village]
* [http://www.art.co.za/dianevictor/ Art.co.za]
* [https://www.moma.org/artists/28199 MoMA]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220525232243/https://www.artskop.com/artmedia/en/in-conversation-with-diane-victor-at-atelier-le-grand-village/ Artskop]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Victor, Diane}}
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'''Derek Fordjour''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1974 na Memphis, [[Tennessee]]) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe omimi nkè ihe nketa [[Ghana]], onye na-arụ ọrụ na vidiyo / [[Film|ihe nkiri]], ihe ọkpụkpụ na eserese.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour - Artists - Petzel Gallery|url=https://www.petzel.com/artists/derek-fordjour/biography#:~:text=Derek%20Fordjour%20was%20born%20in,including%20Contemporary%20Art%20Museum%20St.&amp;text=He%20was%20recently%20appointed%20The,Yale%20University%20School%20of%20Art.|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=www.petzel.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fordjour nwetara MFA site na Hunter College, Ed. M na Arts Education site na Mahadum Harvard, na nzèrè BA site na Morehouse College.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hunter College MFA Spring 2016 Thesis Exhibitions — Hunter College|url=http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/art/pressroom/events/hunter-college-mfa-spring-2016-thesis-exhibitions|accessdate=2016-12-12|work=www.hunter.cuny.edu|archivedate=2016-12-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010639/http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/art/pressroom/events/hunter-college-mfa-spring-2016-thesis-exhibitions}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black Sorority Project|url=http://www.thinktalk.com/show/black_sorority_project|accessdate=6 October 2010|publisher=thinktalk.com|archivedate=12 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712185018/http://www.thinktalk.com/show/black_sorority_project}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fordjour bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na New York City.

E gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ébé gụnyere Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis, Nasher Museum of Art na Whitney Museum of Contemporary Art.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour: SHELTER|url=https://camstl.org/exhibitions/derek-fordjour-shelter/|accessdate=2021-03-12|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Signing Day|url=https://nasher.duke.edu/artwork/23563/|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour: Half Mast|url=https://whitney.org/exhibitions/derek-fordjour|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=whitney.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara ọrụ màkà ọrụ ọha na eze gụnyere ntinye na-adịgide adịgide màkà Metropolitan Transit Authority nke New York City na 145th Street Subway Station na The Whitney Museum Billboard Project.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MTA - Arts &amp; Design {{!}} NYCT Permanent Art|url=http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&amp;line=3&amp;artist=1&amp;station=1|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=web.mta.info|archivedate=2021-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228094626/http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&amp;line=3&amp;artist=1&amp;station=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour: Half Mast|url=https://whitney.org/exhibitions/derek-fordjour|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=whitney.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nyèrè ya 2016 Sugarhill Museum Artist-in-Residence, 2017 Sharpe Walentas Studio Program na New York City, ma kpọọ ya 2018 Deutsche Bank NYFA Fellowship Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AIR Derek Fordjour|url=https://www.sugarhillmuseum.org/air-derek-fordjour|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=[[Sugar Hill Children's Museum]] of Art &amp; Storytelling|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thestudioprogram.com/artist/derek-fordjour/|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=thestudioprogram.com|title=Archive copy|archivedate=2019-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219151446/http://thestudioprogram.com/artist/derek-fordjour/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour 2018 Deutsche Bank NYFA Fellow|url=https://www.db.com/usa/content/en/4396.html#:~:text=Art,%20Culture%20&amp;%20Sports%20is%20pleased,of%20competition,%20pageantry%20and%20performance.|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=www.db.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2021, ónyé na-ese ihe nwéré ihe ngosi onwé ya na Pond Society na Shanghai. Ihe osise ya n'ebe ahụ lere anya na gamification nke usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na adịghị ike. N'ihe osise ndị a na-adịbeghị anya, Fordjour tinyere ọkwa nke Financial Times. N'iji akwụkwọ ahụ mee ihe n'ọrụ ya, Fordjour kọwara na Ocula ''Magazine'': 'The Financial Times na-eme mgbalị iji mee ka onwe ya dị iche na ọdọ mmiri nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ nwere ụcha ya pụrụ iche. Echiche nke ịkpa iche iche bụ ọchịchọ ịmata onwe gị n'ihu ịbụ ónyé a na-ejikarị eme ihe ma ọ bụ na-agbakọta ọnụ nwere esemokwu nke m na-akọwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-25|title=Derek Fordjour's Vibrant Interactions|url=https://ocula.com/magazine/conversations/derek-fordjour-vibrant-interactions/|accessdate=2021-06-25|work=ocula.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge na-adịbeghị ányá, a họpụtara ya dịka Ónyé isi oche Alex Katz na Cooper Union ma na-eje ozi dị ka Ónyé isi nkatọ na Yale University School of Art.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour|url=https://www.art.yale.edu/derek-fordjour|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=Yale School of Art|language=en|archive-date=2022-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620142528/https://www.art.yale.edu/derek-fordjour|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya pụtakwara n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta ọha na eze na nke onwe na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na mba ofesi, gụnyere The Studio Museum of Harlem, Brooklyn Museum, Perez Museum, Dallas Museum of Art, The Whitney Museum na LACMA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-10-10|title=Peggy Cooper Cafritz Bequeaths Over 400 Works to the Studio Museum|url=https://studiomuseum.org/press-release/peggy-cooper-cafritz-bequeaths-over-400-works-studio-museum|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=The Studio Museum in Harlem|language=en|archivedate=2021-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227125856/https://studiomuseum.org/press-release/peggy-cooper-cafritz-bequeaths-over-400-works-studio-museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brooklyn Museum|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/224738|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=www.brooklynmuseum.org|archivedate=2021-03-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313075129/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/224738}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pérez Art Museum Miami Announces New Acquisitions from Eleven Artists for Permanent Collection|url=https://www.pamm.org/about/news/2019/p%C3%A9rez-art-museum-miami-announces-new-acquisitions-eleven-artists-permanent|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=www.pamm.org|archivedate=2020-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815082701/https://www.pamm.org/about/news/2019/p%C3%A9rez-art-museum-miami-announces-new-acquisitions-eleven-artists-permanent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dallas Museum of Art Debuts New Acquisitions in New Exhibition &quot;Contemporary Art + Design&quot; {{!}} Dallas Museum of Art|url=https://dma.org/press-release/dallas-museum-art-debuts-new-acquisitions-new-exhibition-contemporary-art-design|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=dma.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour {{!}} Half Mast|url=https://whitney.org/collection/works/61588|accessdate=2021-03-12|work=whitney.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fordjour bụ ónyé otu Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. Alpha Phi Alpha nyéré ya ọrụ ịmepụta ihe osise akpọrọ An Experiment in Brotherhood iji cheta ntọala nke fraternity.

== Ihe ngosi ndị a họọrọ ==

* 2020 'SELF MUST DIE', Petzel Gallery, New York, NY&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour - SELF MUST DIE - Exhibitions - Petzel Gallery|url=https://www.petzel.com/exhibitions/derek-fordjour|accessdate=2021-03-09|work=www.petzel.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020 'SHELTER', Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke St. Louis, St. Louis. MO&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour: SHELTER|url=https://camstl.org/exhibitions/derek-fordjour-shelter/|accessdate=2021-03-09|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019 'Ụlọ ahụ Na-emeri Mgbe Nile', Josh Lilley, [[London]], UK&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rogers|first=Simon|title=josh-lilley|url=https://joshlilleygallery.com/exhibitions/the-house-always-wins-2019|accessdate=2021-03-09|work=josh-lilley|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019 'JRRNNYS', Night Gallery, Los Angeles, CA&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour - JRRNNYS - Exhibitions - Night Gallery|url=https://www.nightgallery.ca/exhibitions/derek-fordjour|accessdate=2021-03-09|work=www.nightgallery.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018 'Half Mast', The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour: Half Mast|url=https://whitney.org/exhibitions/derek-fordjour|accessdate=2021-03-09|work=whitney.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018 'Derek Fordjour: Camelot Study', BAM, Brooklyn, NY&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Derek Fordjour: Camelot Study|url=http://www.bam.org/visual-art/2018/derek-fordjour-camelot-study|accessdate=2021-03-09|work=BAM.org|language=en|archivedate=2022-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706200303/https://www.bam.org/visual-art/2018/derek-fordjour-camelot-study}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018 'Ritual', Nina Johnson Gallery, Miami, FL&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-02-23|title=Ritual|url=https://www.ninajohnson.com/exhibitions/derek-fordjour-ritual/|accessdate=2021-03-09|work=Nina Johnson|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2017 'PARADE', Sugar Hill Museum, New York, NY&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Art Parade Derek Forjour|url=https://www.sugarhillmuseum.org/parade-derek-forjour|accessdate=2021-03-09|work=Sugar Hill Children's Museum of Art &amp; Storytelling|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016 'Agency and Regulation', LUCE Gallery, Turin&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://lucegallery.com/work/derek-fordjour-agency--regulation_1.html|title=Luce Gallery|author=Design|first=DSI|work=lucegallery.com|accessdate=2016-12-12|archivedate=2016-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220142110/http://lucegallery.com/work/derek-fordjour-agency--regulation_1.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Italy
* 2016 'Eight Paintings', Papillion Art, Los Angeles, CA&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.papillionart.com/eight-paintings/|title=Eight Paintings - PAPILLION|work=www.papillionart.com|accessdate=2016-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015 'UPPER ROOM', Robert Blumenthal Gallery, New York, NY&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.robertblumenthal.com/exhibitions/upper-room-derek-fordjour|title=UPPER ROOM - Derek Fordjour - Exhibitions - Robert Blumenthal Gallery|work=www.robertblumenthal.com|accessdate=2016-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ akụkọ na nyocha ahọpụtara ==

* Hyperallergic, &quot;Derek Fordjour Conjures a Heavenly World&quot;, Seph Rodney, December 16, 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rodney|first=Seph|date=2020-12-16|title=Derek Fordjour Conjures a Heavenly World|url=https://hyperallergic.com/608739/derek-fordjour-self-must-die-petzel/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* T: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mweg&quot;&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;he New York Times Style Magazine, nke pụtara na..., T Magazine, Nọvemba 27, 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-11-27|title=Marching to the Beat of Their Own Drum|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/27/t-magazine/derek-fordjour.html|accessdate=2021-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwfw&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, nke pụtara na ọ bụ n'asụsụ New York, nke pụtara n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mitter|first=Siddhartha|date=2020-11-19|title=Derek Fordjour, From Anguish to Transcendence|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/19/arts/design/derek-fordjour-self-must-die.html|accessdate=2021-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ARTNews, Nkọwapụta: Derek Fordjour, Andy Battaglia, Nọvemba 10, 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Battaglia|first=Andy|date=2020-11-10|title=Best Practices: Derek Fordjour's Art Stares Down Shared Fears and Vulnerabilities|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/artists/derek-fordjour-artist-studio-visit-1234576168/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=ARTnews.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Financial Times, nke a na-akpọ &quot;Fordjour on painting&quot;, nke a na na-akpọ Jackie Wullschläger, nke a kpọrọ &quot;October 20, 2020&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Subscribe to read {{!}} Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/fca5cf82-c83d-4bdc-9ef1-3aa067b86b2d|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Financial Times|date=20 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Elephant ''Magazine'', Oktọba 16, 2020 Oktọbịa Fordjour Oktọla Na-eji Egwuregwu... Oktọva, Emily Steer,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Steer|first=Emily|date=2020-10-16|title=Derek Fordjour Uses Sport as the Perfect Allegory for Organised Society|url=https://elephant.art/derek-fordjour-interview-sport-painting-collage-16102020/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=ELEPHANT|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Artsy, ̆ Derek Fordjour Honors Disenfranchised... ̆, Jacqui Germain, June 3, 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Germain|first=Jacqui|date=2020-06-03|title=Derek Fordjour Honors Disenfranchised Communities in His Vibrant, Layered Work|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-derek-fordjour-honors-disenfranchised-communities-vibrant-layered-work|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Artsy|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Financial Times, na-ese onyinyo ìgwè mmadụ, ma ọ bụ enweghị, Jackie Wullschläger, May 8, 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Subscribe to read {{!}} Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3f584610-8b90-11ea-a01c-a28a3e3fbd33|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Financial Times|date=8 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hyperallergic, na-emetụta ya na-emetọ ya, Jack Radley, Eprel 6, 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Radley|first=Jack|date=2020-04-06|title=Derek Fordjour Considers the Precariousness of Shelter|url=http://hyperallergic.com/551126/derek-fordjour-considers-the-precariousness-of-shelter/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Artforum, Akụkọ ndị na-ekwu okwu: Derek Fordjour, Jennifer Piejko, Jenụwarị 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Derek Fordjour: Shelter&quot; at Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/previews/202001/derek-fordjour-shelter-81733|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=www.artforum.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* St. Louis Post Dispatch, na mgbidi ọcha karịa, Jane Henderson, Jenụwarị 17, 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Henderson|first=Jane|title=Beyond white walls: CAM exhibition examines 'what we all seek'|url=https://www.stltoday.com/entertainment/arts-and-theatre/beyond-white-walls-cam-exhibition-examines-what-we-all-seek/article_b6faf464-b49c-52e0-87e9-ce008e9c44b6.html|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=STLtoday.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Financial Times, ihe ngosi anọ na-eweta Africa, Jackie Wullschlager, 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wullschläger|first=Jackie|date=2019-09-26|title=Four exhibitions bring African American narratives to London|url=https://www.ft.com/content/65cdc396-ddf9-11e9-b112-9624ec9edc59|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=www.ft.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwsQ&quot;&gt;Artnews&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, ̆ Petzel Gallery Ugbu a na-anọchite anya Derek, Annie Armstrong, 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Armstrong|first=Annie|date=2019-04-29|title=Petzel Gallery Now Represents Derek Fordjour|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/petzel-gallery-now-represents-derek-fordjour-12441/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=ARTnews.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Galerie, The rising-star artist na-eji ihe oyiyi nke carnivals, Lucy Rees, 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-05|title=Derek Fordjour|url=https://www.galeriemagazine.com/derek-fordjour/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Galerie|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye na-ese ihe Derek Fordjour Revels in The Game, Jennifer Piejko, 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-02-15|title=Artist Derek Fordjour Revels in the Game Toppling Expectations As He Goes|url=https://www.culturedmag.com/derek-fordjour/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Cultured Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Los Angeles Times'', Akwụkwọ edemede: Paintings of...[[, Carolina A. Miranda, 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-31|title=Datebook: Paintings of sport and art inspired by convenience stores and confession|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-datebook-derek-fordjour-htmlstory.html|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Wall Street Journal, na-achọ ịbụ Blip, Kelly Crow, 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Crow|first=Kelly|date=2019-01-30|title='I Don't Want to Be a Blip': An Artist on the Rise Adjusts to the Spotlight|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/i-dont-want-to-be-a-blip-an-artist-on-the-rise-adjusts-to-the-spotlight-11548858955|accessdate=2021-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Artnet News, ndị ndụmọdụ nka na-agwa anyị ndị na-ese ihe, Henri Neuendorf, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=8 Art Advisors Tell Us Which Artists You Should Be Watching (and Buying) in 2019|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/advisors-pick-rising-stars-2019-1422451|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Artnet News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ụdị ọdịbendị'', Akụkọ ihe mere eme: Late Arts..., Victoria L. Valentine, Oct, 10 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Historic Bequest: Late Arts Patron Peggy Cooper Cafritz Gifted 650+ Works of Art to the Studio Museum in Harlem and Duke Ellington School of the Arts|date=10 October 2018|url=https://www.culturetype.com/2018/10/10/historic-bequest-late-arts-patron-peggy-cooper-cafritz-gifted-650-works-of-art-to-the-studio-museum-in-harlem-and-duke-ellington-school-of-the-arts/|accessdate=2021-03-14|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Akụkọ Artnet'' News, na-aga n'ihu na-enyocha! Nke a bụ ihe e rere, artnet News, October 9, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-10-09|title=Price Check! Here's What Sold—and for How Much—at Frieze London and Frieze Masters 2018|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/price-check-frieze-london-2018-1362991|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Artnet News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hyperallergic, Museum of Study in Harlem..., Jasmine Weber, October 8, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Weber|first=Jasmine|date=2018-10-09|title=Studio Museum in Harlem and DC Arts High School Receive Historic Gift of Over 650 Contemporary Works|url=https://hyperallergic.com/464715/studio-museum-in-harlem-and-dc-arts-high-school-receive-historic-gift-of-over-650-contemporary-works/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mw2w&quot;&gt;Artnews&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, ọbụna dị ka Brexit Looms, Galleries, Judd Tully, October 3, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tully|first=Judd|date=2018-10-03|title=Even as Brexit Looms, Galleries Notch Sales on Frieze London's Opening Day|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/even-brexit-looms-galleries-notch-sales-frieze-londons-opening-day-11107/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=ARTnews.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gotham'', ndị na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ Shaping...&lt;nowiki&gt;[[, The Editors, October 1, 2018]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=6 Innovators Shaping The Culture of NYC|url=http://gothammag.com/innovators-and-influencers-in-nyc|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=gothammag.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ikpe ziri ezi nke ndị ntorobịa'', na-elekwasị anya na New York, Shay Urbani, May 25, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Urbani|first=Shay|date=2018-05-25|title=Arts-centered New York Diversion Program for Youth Displays High Success Rate|url=https://jjie.org/2018/05/25/arts-centered-new-york-diversion-program-for-youth-displays-high-success-rate/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Juvenile Justice Information Exchange|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hyperallergic, na-agagharị na ndị na-ese ihe, Seph Rodney, May 5, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rodney|first=Seph|date=2018-05-05|title=Wandering the Artist Studios of Dumbo|url=https://hyperallergic.com/440806/dumbo-open-studios-2018/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'elu ala, n'ihi ya, Brooke Porter Katz, February 11, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-02-11|title=Best of Zona Maco 2018|url=https://www.surfacemag.com/articles/zona-maco-mexico-city-2018/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=SURFACE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Artsy, ihe a na-ere na Zona Maco, Anna Louie Sussman, February 11, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sussman|first=Anna Louie|date=2018-02-11|title=What Sold at Zona Maco|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-sold-zona-maco|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Artsy|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hyperallergic, The Political Truths, Seph Rodney, February 9, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rodney|first=Seph|date=2018-02-09|title=The Political Truths That Ground Our Athletic Heroes|url=https://hyperallergic.com/426011/the-political-truths-that-ground-our-athletic-heroes/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Art Newspaper, nke pụtara na Maxwell Williams, Jenụwarị 31, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Art Los Angeles Contemporary fair perks up, but is it enough?|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/analysis/art-los-angeles-contemporary-fair-perks-up-but-is-it-enough|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=www.theartnewspaper.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Artnet News, How Artist Derek Fordjour, Sarah Cascone, December 18, 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-18|title=How Artist Derek Fordjour Turned Cardboard and Newspaper Into a Carnival Funhouse|url=https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/derek-fordjour-1035503|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Artnet News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hyperallergic, na-enwe nrọ Carnival, Seph Rodney, November 22, 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rodney|first=Seph|date=2017-11-22|title=A Dreamy Carnival at the Children's Museum in Harlem|url=https://hyperallergic.com/394429/derek-fordjour-parade/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Undefeated, Portrait of an Artist, Kelley D. Evans, October 6, 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Evans|first=Kelley D.|date=2017-10-06|title=The portrait of an artist: Derek Fordjour dissects race, sports and culture|url=https://theundefeated.com/features/portrait-of-an-artist-derek-fordjour/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=The Undefeated|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-08-02|title=Artist Derek Fordjour's Immersive Wonderland Dedicated to Children|url=https://www.galeriemagazine.com/artist-derek-fordjours-immersive-wonderland-dedicated-children/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Galerie|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Forbes'', The Jay-Z of the Art World Discusses His...o, Brienne Walsh, July 16, 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Walsh|first=Brienne|title=The Jay-Z Of The Art World Discusses His Upcoming Show In Harlem|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/briennewalsh/2017/07/16/the-jay-z-of-the-art-world-too-much-discusses-his-upcoming-show-in-harlem/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Forbes|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Vice, Sports Are a Metaphor for Inequality... es, Francesca Capossela, June 21, 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sports Are a Metaphor for Inequality in These Colorful Paintings|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/pay4jy/sports-metaphor-inequality-colorful-paintings-derek-fordjour|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=www.vice.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Los Angeles Times'', &quot;Na enwere njedebe...&quot;[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-03-21|title=Review: 'And There Is an End' -- but no end to its goofy appeal|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-art-review-and-there-is-an-end-at-roberts-tilton-20150317-story.html|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Los Angeles Times'', Ájá Fordjour: Ihe osise asatọ nke Carolina Miranda, Febụwarị 4, 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-datebook-ceramic-korean-minimalism-punk-20160114-column.html|title=Datebook: Ceramic installations, Korean and American minimalism, punk-inspired pieces|author=Miranda|first=Carolina A.|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=15 January 2016|accessdate=2016-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwASs&quot;&gt;Onye na-ekiri ihe&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; na-emenụ, &quot;Nke itoolu ndị New York ị ga-eme nke ọma&quot;, February 3, 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://observer.com/2016/02/nine-new-yorkers-you-must-date/|title=Nine Overachieving New Yorkers You Must Date|date=2016-02-03|work=Observer|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwATA&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, site na Derek Fordjour... site na Holland Cotter, November 19, 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/20/arts/design/from-derek-fordjour-a-sense-of-abandoned-ritual.html|title=From Derek Fordjour, a Sense of Abandoned Ritual|author=Cotter|first=Holland|date=2015-11-19|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2016-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Los Angeles Times'', e nwere njedebe nke David Pagel, March 21, 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-art-review-and-there-is-an-end-at-roberts-tilton-20150317-story.html|title='And There Is an End' -- but no end to its goofy appeal|author=Pagel|first=David|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=21 March 2015|accessdate=2016-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Brooklyn Rail, Review of The Big Game[truka na peeji nke 7] site na Johnathan Goodman, October 7, 2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.brooklynrail.org/2014/10/artseen/derek-fordjour-the-big-game|title=DEREK FORDJOUR The Big Game|work=www.brooklynrail.org|date=3 October 2014|accessdate=2016-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAUE&quot;&gt;Ebony&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, onye na-ese ihe Derek Fordjour nwere ihe mmụta maka...o, site na Souleo, Septemba 29, 2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Souleo|date=2016-07-22|title=Artist Derek Fordjour Has a Lesson for the Sports World • EBONY|url=https://www.ebony.com/entertainment/artist-derek-fordjour-has-a-lesson-for-the-sports-world-034/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=EBONY|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAUY&quot;&gt;Huffington Post&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, nke ụwa egwuregwu nwere ike ịmụta... nke Souleo, 2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-souleo-wright/on-the-a-wsouleo-the-spor_b_5877982.html|title=On the &quot;A&quot; w/Souleo: The Sports World Could Learn From Derek Fordjour's Artworks|author=Journalist|first=Peter 'Souleo' Wright|date=2014-09-24|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=2016-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* MSNBCX Thegrio.com, 40 Amazing Black Artists to Watch na 2014 na Jenụwarị 3, 2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-01-03|title=40 amazing black artists to watch in 2014|url=https://thegrio.com/2014/01/03/40-amazing-black-artists-to-watch-in-2014/|accessdate=2021-03-14|work=TheGrio}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.petzel.com/artists/derek-fordjour Derek Fordjour - Petzel Gallery]
* [https://www.davidkordanskygallery.com/artist/derek-fordjour Derek Fordjour - Ụlọ ngosi David Kordansky]
* [https://joshlilleygallery.com/artists/derek-fordjour Derek Fordjour - Josh Lilley Gallery]
* [http://www.allpeneverything.com/2014/10/23/pens-eye-interview-artist-derek-fordjour-2/ Anya Pen: Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na onye na-ese ihe Derek Fordjour]
* [https://www.artsy.net/artist/derek-fordjour Derek Fordjour - 4 Artworks, Bio &amp; Shows on Artsy]
* [http://derekfordjour.com/?noSplash=true DerekFordjour.com]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fordjour, Derek}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)</title>
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[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Usòrò:Nigeria Federal Capital Territory map.png|thumb|Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)]]
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
'''Federal Capital Territory,''' nke a maara dị ka '''FCT''', bụ mpaghara gọọmentị etiti dị na etiti [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. [[Abuja]], isi obodo Naijiria dị na mpaghara a. E guzobere FCT na 1976 site na akụkụ nke steeti ochie nke [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]], [[Niger]], [[Ȯra Kaduna|Kaduna]] na Plateau States na ọtụtụ [[Ȯra Plateau|ala]] a tụrụ na steeti [[Ȯra Niger|Niger]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-02-03|title=Abuja at 46: The Dreams, Strides, Challenges {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/509441-abuja-at-46-the-dreams-strides-challenges.html|accessdate=2022-03-07|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ dị n'ime mpaghara North Central nke mba ahụ. N'adịghị ka steeti Naịjirịa, nke ndị Gọvanọ a họpụtara ahọpụta na-eduzi, ọ bụ Nchịkwa Federal Capital Territory na-achịkwa ya, bụ minista nke [[Ishi ochíchì Naigeria|Onye isi ala]] họpụtara.&lt;ref&gt;Nigeria Education. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E kere Federal Capital Territory nke a makwaara dị ka FCT mgbe ewepụtara iwu nke isii nke afọ 1976. Ọ malitere n'ihi mkpa ịchọta nnọchi anya isi obodo Lagos nke jupụtara ma nwee obere ohere maka mgbasawanye. Mpaghara ahọpụtara dị ka isi obodo ọhụrụ bụ Gwariland nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ndị Alakụba na Ndị Kraịst na nnọpụiche dị elu site na agbụrụ ndị na-achịkwa. Ọ bụ steeti nwere mmadụ ole na ole na Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Architecture and politics in Nigeria : the study of a late twentieth-century enlightenment-inspired modernism at Abuja, 1900-2016|author=Elleh, Nnamdi|isbn=9781472465306|location=Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon|chapter=Chapter 3|date=August 2015|oclc=965828210}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala ==
Ógbè ahụ dị n'ebe ugwu nke njikọ nke Osimiri [[Niger]] na [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Osimiri]] Benue. Steeti Niger dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu, [[Ȯra Kaduna|Kaduna]] dị n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, [[Ȯra Nasarawa|Nasarawa]] dị n'ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda, [[Ȯra Kogi|Kogi]] dị n'etiti ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naịjiria.

Federal Capital Territory nwere ala ihe dịka 7,315 km2, ọ dịkwa n'ime mpaghara savannah nwere ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị mma.

=== Akụ eke dị na FCT ===
Akụ ndị a hụrụ na FCT gụnyere marble, tin, ụrọ, mica, na tantalite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FCT State|url=https://rmrdc.gov.ng/rwloc/FCT.aspx|work=rmrdc.gov.ng|publisher=Raw Materials Research and Development Council|accessdate=20 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522041318/https://rmrdc.gov.ng/rwloc/FCT.aspx|archivedate=22 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Anụ Ọhịa ===
Ugwu nke FCT na-enye ọtụtụ ndị bushbuck ụlo, ọhịa Black duiker, ọhịa pig, chimpanzee na red-flanked duiker.
N'ohia FCT a na-ahụkwa [[Ágụ|agụ owuru]], atụ, antelope roan, Western hartebeest, enyí, warthog, duiker na-acha ntụ ntụ, nkịta ihu enwe, enwe patas na enwe na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Federal Capital Territory Administration - Facts|url=http://fct.gov.ng:80/fcta/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=45&amp;Itemid=87|publisher=Federal Capital Territory Administration|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223105105/http://fct.gov.ng/fcta/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=45&amp;Itemid=87|archivedate=23 December 2008|accessdate=24 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkewa ==
Ógbè ahụ nwere mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo isii ugbu a, ha bụ:&lt;ref name=&quot;DPN-Jan13&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Odunsi|first=Wale|title=Gwagwalada re-run poll: APC beats APGA, PDP in narrow victory|url=http://dailypost.ng/2018/01/13/gwagwalada-re-run-poll-apc-beats-apga-pdp-narrow-victory/|work=Daily Post Nigeria|date=13 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[Abaji]]
* [[Abuja]]
* [[Bwari]]
* [[Gwagwalada]]
* [[Kuje]]
* [[Kwali]]

== Asụsụ ==
Asụsụ nke Federal Capital Territory nke LGA depụtara bụ:&lt;ref name=&quot;e22&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG|title=Nigeria|work=Ethnologue|accessdate=2020-01-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!LGA
!Asụsụ
|-
|Abaji
|Dibo; Gupa-Abawa, Ebira, Ganagana
|-
|Abuja
|Gade; Gbagyi, Nupe, Hausa
|-
|Bwari
|Gwandara; Ashe; Gbagyi
|-
|Gwagwalada
|Gbari, Egibra, Hausa
|-
|Kuje
|Gade; Gbagyi
|-
|Kwali
|Gwandara; Gbagyi; Ebira, Kami, Ganagana, Nupe, Hausa
|}
Asụsụ Hausa bụ ihe a na-asụ n'ọtụtụ ebe na Federal Capital Territory.&lt;ref name=&quot;e22&quot; /&gt;

== Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
A họpụtara kansụl ahụ na ntuli aka mpaghara nke Federal Capital Territory nke a mere n'afọ 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-31|title=FCT Area Councils election to hold February 2022 - INEC|url=https://von.gov.ng/amp/2021/03/31/fct-area-councils-election-to-hold-february-2022-inec/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Voice of Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Ora no na ime Naigeria]]</text>
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    <title>Donna Bruton</title>
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'''Donnamaria Bruton''' (May 3, 1954 - September 9, 2012) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na ónyé otu ngalaba na Rhode Island School of Design, nke a maara màkà ihe osise mgbasa ozi ya na collages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cade12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Estate of Donnamaria Bruton|work=Cade Tompkins Projects|date=2012-04-26|url=http://www.cadetompkins.com/artists/donna-bruton/|accessdate=2020-02-01|archivedate=2020-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506113326/http://www.cadetompkins.com/artists/donna-bruton/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RISD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Donna Bruton passes away – RISD Academic Affairs|work=RISD Academic Affairs – Rhode Island School of Design Academic Affairs|date=2012-12-17|url=http://academicaffairs.risd.edu/2012/09/donna-bruton-passes-away/|accessdate=2020-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Legacy.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Donna Bruton-Coutis's Notice|work=Legacy.com|date=2012-09-09|url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/jsonline/obituary.aspx?n=donna-bruton-coutis&amp;pid=159891583|accessdate=2020-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bruton rụrụ ọrụ na RISD malite na 1992, na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi ngalaba na-ese ihe site na 2001 na 03, na dị ka ónyé na-anọchi anya dean nke Graduate Studies site na 2003 na05.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our RISD 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Donna Bruton, 1954–2012|work=Our RISD|date=2012-09-14|url=https://our.risd.edu/post/31542827281/donna-bruton-19542012|accessdate=2020-02-01|archive-date=2020-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201213036/https://our.risd.edu/post/31542827281/donna-bruton-19542012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụdị Bruton, nke The Providence Journal kọwara dị ka &quot;ụdị na-enweghị isi.... mana nke nwéré ike ime ihe n'eziokwu,&quot; na-eji ihe osise ya, eserese na nkà collage.&lt;ref name=&quot;projo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bill|first=Van Siclen|title=Part memory, part dreamscape at exhibit of Donnamarie Bruton's work|url=https://www.providencejournal.com/article/20131010/ENTERTAINMENT/310109904|accessdate=1 February 2020|work=Providence Journal|date=October 10, 2013|archive-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201205259/https://www.providencejournal.com/article/20131010/ENTERTAINMENT/310109904|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ n'ime collages ya na-eji ihe ndị ụwa dị ka isi ihe iji nweta ncheta miri emi ma ọ bụ echiche.&lt;ref name=&quot;DMT&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Carducci|first=Vince|title=Visual Art Femme gems|url=https://www.metrotimes.com/detroit/femme-gems/Content?oid=2178818|accessdate=1 February 2020|work=Detroit Metro Times|date=June 16, 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi mbụ ya bụ na 1993 na Austin, Texas, a nabatara ya nké ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;AAS&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Goldman|first=Saundra|title=Viewing of Artist's Work Insightful|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/356045592/|accessdate=1 February 2020|work=Austin American-Statesman|date=May 1, 1993}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka oge na-aga n'ọrụ ya, ogo nké ọrụ ya gbasaa, ọtụtụ n'ie ha ruru 8 site na 8 feet (2.4 site na 2.4 m).&lt;ref name=&quot;RISD2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mythic Meditations|work=RISD|url=//www.risd.edu/news/stories/mythic-meditations/|accessdate=2020-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bruton natara Blanche E. Colman Award site na BNY Mellon na 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;NN&quot; /&gt; Ọrụ ya bụ akụkụ nke nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide na RISD Museum na Gwanjiu Museum na Korea, ya na ọtụtụ nchịkọta onwé.&lt;ref name=&quot;NN&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Donna Bruton-Coutis|url=https://www.newportri.com/article/20120914/OBITUARIES/309149965|accessdate=1 February 2020|work=Newport Daily News|publisher=USA Today Network|date=Sep 14, 2012|archive-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021154548/https://www.newportri.com/article/20120914/OBITUARIES/309149965|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Bruton dị na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Newport Art Museum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=|date=|title=Newport Art Museum|url=https://newportartmuseum.org/collection/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029174327/https://newportartmuseum.org/collection/|archivedate=2019-10-29|accessdate=2020-10-25|work=|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Bruton na Milwaukee, [[Wiskonsin|Wisconsin]], na 1954. Nna ya bụ ónyé na-egwu baseball Bill Bruton, nna nna ya n'akụkụ nne ya bụ ónyé egwuregwu Negro leagues Judy Johnson.&lt;ref name=&quot;YT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Donna Bruton|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDB7-tqeasU|work=NetWorks Rhode Island|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=1 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara Bachelor of Fine Arts na Mahadum Michigan State, na Master of Fine Arts site na Mahadim Yale.&lt;ref name=&quot;NetWorks Rhode Island 2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Donna Bruton (1954 - 2012)|work=NetWorks Rhode Island|date=2010-06-22|url=https://networksrhodeisland.org/donna-bruton/|accessdate=2020-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru ónyé na-ese ihe Edward Loper ma gosipụta ya na Dell Pryor na [[Detroit]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Cade12&quot;/&gt; Ọ lụrụ Timothy Coutis na Jenụwarị 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;NN&quot;/&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Bagudo</title>
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'''Bagudo''' bụ ọchịchị ime obodo dị na [[Ȯra Kebbi|Kebbi Steeti]] nke [[Naijiria]]. Ya na [[Niger]] na [[Benin]] n'ekerita oke ala. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị n'obodo Bagudo.

Ọ nwere mpaghara 7,782km² na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ruru puku asatọ na narị iri isii na ise, narị asatọ na iri na asaa na ngụkọ nke afọ 2006.

Koodu nzipu ozi nke mpaghara ahụ bụ narị asatọ na irí asaa na otu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=2009-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=7 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bagudo bụ obodo siri ike nke nwere ọtụtụ igwe ndị Fulani na Zabarmawa bi ma ka kwudosie ike n'asụsụ Hausa a na- asụ dị ka asụsụ lingua franca nke ihe karịrị nde na okarana-asụ na mpaghara ahụ. Islam rutere n'obodo ahụ na narị afọ nke iri na isii ma ọ bụ na mbụ site na ahia trans-Saharan ma n'ihi ya ghọrọ ọgaranya na ebe azụmahịa nke mpaghara ahụ ma na-ejikọta ya dị ka &quot; [[Ndetu áhà hü tụrụ ȯra Nigeria|ebe etiti nke ọrụ ugbo, ndị na-azụ anụ]] na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

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    <title>Bwatiye people</title>
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      <text bytes="4386" sha1="tb0bfwha0xfkwa774evcea4wq2pbzya" xml:space="preserve">'''Ndị Bwatiye''' nke a na-akpọkarị '''Bachama''' bụ ndị a na-ahụ na [[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]], [[Demsa]] na [[Lamurde]] mpaghara na Ndịda akụkụ nke Steeti Adamawa na n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mba Cameroons Republic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-19|title=Bwatiye traditional marriage unique – Travel expert|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/bwatiye-traditional-marriage-unique-travel-expert/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-04|title=FEATURES: Why Bachama do not charge huge bride price|url=https://21stcenturychronicle.com/features-why-bachama-do-not-charge-huge-bride-price/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=21st CENTURY CHRONICLE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Verfasser|first=Akogun, Oladele B.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1186564983|title=Illness-related practices for the management of childhood malaria among the Bwatiye people of north-eastern Nigeria|oclc=1186564983}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Enwere ike ịchọta mmalite ndị Bwatiye na ndị Gobir. Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme si kwuo, ndị Gobir bi n'ókèala Niger na ụfọdụ Northwestern [[Niger|Nigeria]]. Ha dị ike ma nwee obi ike n'ihi ikike na nkà ha n'agha na ọrụ nka. Otú ọ dị, ndị Tuaregs si [[Egypt|Ijipt]] na-achịkwa ha ma manye ha ịkwaga n'ebe ndịda nke a na-akpọ ugbu a ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. Ọzọkwa, agha siri ike sitere n'aka ndị Bornu manyere ha ka ha gaa ebe ha nọ ugbu a, Adamawa State.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Carnochan|first=J.|date=1967|title=The Coming of the Fulani: A Bachama Oral Tradition|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume=30|issue=3|pages=622–633}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Collingwood|first=Ingram|title=Garden of memories|url=https://archive.org/details/gardenofmemories0000ingr|publisher=[[H.F. Wither by]]|year=1970|isbn=9780854930760|location=London|oclc=247375}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asụsụ ==
Ndị Bwatiye na-asụ asụsụ Bachama&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Ememme ==

=== Emume ọdịnala Bachama Kwete kwa afọ ===
Ọ bụ emume ime mmụọ na ọdịbendị ụbọchị asaa nke a na-eme iji sọpụrụ chi ha na-eri akwụkwọ nri (Homonpwa ka Puledan) maka onyinye nke ihe ọkụkụ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics {{!}} Dailytrust|url=https://dailytrust.com/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=Daily Trust|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Njuwa Fishing Festival nke ndị Bwatiye ===
Ọ bụ emume ịkụ azụ ụbọchị abụọ nke na-adọta ọtụtụ ndị ọkụ azụ gburugburu mba ahụ iji gosipụta nkà ịkụ azụ ha. O nweghị ụbọchị a kapịrị ọnụ mana ọ na-apụta n'ọnwa Eprel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Njuwa Fishing Festival In Adamawa State :: Nigeria Information &amp; Guide|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Adamawa/Njuwa-Fishing-Festival-Adamawa.html#:~:text=Njuwa%20is%20an%20annual%20fishing,water%20in%20the%20lake%20subsides|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ememme Vunon ===
A maara ya nke ọma dị ka Farai-Farai. Ọ bụ emume ụbọchị anọ nke na-ejikọ [[Demsa]], Mbula, [[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] na Lamurde n'ofufe chi ha na ikwupụtakwa ọrụ ugbo. Ọ bụ otu n'ime nnukwu emume nke ndị Bwatiye nke gụnyere ịbụ abụ, ịgba egwu na igosi ọtụtụ ihe ịchọ mma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-06|title=How rivers Benue, Gongola confluence can boost tourism in Numan|url=https://dailytrust.com/how-rivers-benue-gongola-confluence-can-boost-tourism-in-numan|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=Daily Trust|language=en|archivedate=2022-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521174017/https://dailytrust.com/how-rivers-benue-gongola-confluence-can-boost-tourism-in-numan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọchịchị Ọdịnala ==
Ndị Bwatiye jiri usoro ọchịchị eze mee ihe na aha e nyere onye na-achị ha bụ Hama Bachama. Hama Bachama nke ugbu a bụ DanieI Ismaila&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-03|title=Hama Bachama: A paramount ruler's many worries|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/hama-bachama-a-paramount-rulers-many-worries/|accessdate=2022-05-21|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
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[[Òtù:Ȯra Adamawa]]</text>
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[[File:Tangaza-college1.jpg|thumb|Tangaza-college1]]
'''Tangaza''' bụ ọchịchị ime obodo dị na [[Ȯra Sokoto|Sokoto]] Steeti [[Naijiria|Naịjịrịa]]. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị n'obodo Gidan Madi.

Tangaza nwere ókè ya na [[Niger|Republic of Niger]] n'ebe ugwu. Ọ nwere mpaghara 2,477&amp;nbsp;km 2 na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị puku narị iri na atọ, narị asatọ na iri ise na atọ na ngụkọ nke afọ 2006. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.statoids.com/yng.html HASC, population, area and Headquarters Statoids]&lt;/ref&gt;

Koodu nzipu ozi nke mpaghara ahụ bụ narị asatọ na iri anọ na otú. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=2009-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=2009-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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{{Databox}}
 
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Noah Jupe''' (amụrụ n'afọ 2004  2005) bụ onye Britain na-eme ihe nkiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;zemler&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-11-13/noah-jupe-honey-boy-ford-v-ferrari|title=With 'Honey Boy,' young Noah Jupe carries a film's emotional weight for the first time|author=Emily Zemler|date=13 November 2019|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya maka ọrụ ya na usoro telivishọn The Night Manager (2016); ihe nkiri ọchị ọchị Suburbicon (2017); ihe nkiri Wonder (2017); ihe egwu A Quiet Place (2018) na ihe na-eso ya A Quiet Plate Part II (2021); ihe nkiri egwuregwu ''Ford'' v Ferrari (2019); ihe nkiri ''ihe'' nkiri Honey Boy (2019), nke a họpụtara ya maka Onyinye mmụọ nnwere onwe maka nwoke na-akwado kachasi mma; na miniseries The Undoing (2020).

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Noah Jupe n'aka onye na-eme ihe nkiri Chris Jupe na onye na-ese ihe nkiri Katy Cavanagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;mirror&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Payne|first=Will|title='No ovaries' Corrie star Katy Cavanagh expecting her third baby|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/no-ovaries--corrie-star-1468498|accessdate=22 March 2018|work=Daily Mirror|date=2 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere nwanne nwanyị nke obere na nwanne nwoke nke obere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Coronation Street's Katy Cavanagh welcomes third child|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/coronation-street/news/a498233/coronation-streets-katy-cavanagh-welcomes-third-child/|author=Daniels|first=Colin|work=[[Digital Spy]]|accessdate=22 March 2018|date=14 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830174325/http://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/coronation-street/news/a498233/coronation-streets-katy-cavanagh-welcomes-third-child/|archivedate=30 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mirror&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ya ==
Jupe malitere ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya n'afọ 2015 site n'ịpụta na usoro telivishọn ''Penny'' Dreadful na Downton Abbey .&lt;ref name=&quot;RadioTimesMay2017&quot; /&gt; Ka e mesịrị n'afọ 2016, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro ihe nkiri ndị nledo The Night Manager .&lt;ref name=&quot;RadioTimesMay2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gill|first=James|title=Meet the cast of The Night Manager|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-05-18/meet-the-cast-of-the-night-manager/|accessdate=2 November 2017|work=Radio Times|date=18 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2016, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro ''Houdini'' &amp; Doyle .&lt;ref name=&quot;JupeWonder&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kit|first=Borys|title='Night Manager' Actor Joins Julia Roberts, Jacob Tremblay in 'Wonder' (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/night-manager-actor-joins-julia-roberts-jacob-tremblay-wonder-909938|accessdate=2 November 2017|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=11 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, ọ malitere ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri, na ọrụ mbụ ya bụ na The Man with the Iron Heart, ihe nkiri Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Billington|first=Alex|title=First Trailer for WWII Film 'HHhH', or 'The Man with the Iron Heart'|url=http://www.firstshowing.net/2017/first-trailer-for-wwii-thriller-hhhh-or-the-man-with-the-iron-heart/|accessdate=2 November 2017|work=FirstShowing.net|date=14 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JupeWonder&quot; /&gt; N'afọ ahụ kwa, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri Britain That Good Night; nwere otu n'ime ọrụ ndị isi na ihe nkiri ọchị ojii Suburbicon, nke George Clooney duziri; ma pụta na ''ihe'' nkiri Wonder dị ka Jack Will, ''ezigbo'' enyi Auggie Pullman.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Barraclough|first=Leo|title=First Look: John Hurt in 'That Good Night' (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/john-hurt-in-that-good-night-exclusive-1201770060/|accessdate=2 November 2017|work=Variety|date=10 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JupeSuburbicon&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kit|first=Borys|title=George Clooney's 'Suburbicon' Adds 'Night Manager,' 'Night Of' Actors (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/george-clooneys-suburbicon-adds-night-manager-night-actors-924409|accessdate=2 November 2017|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=31 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=George Clooney Was 'Always Making Everyone Laugh' on 'Suburbicon' Set|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/george-clooney-was-always-making-everyone-laugh-on-suburbicon-set/|accessdate=2 November 2017|work=Us Weekly|date=27 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JupeWonder&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2017, a tụkwara ya na ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke Stephen King's My Pretty Pony .&lt;ref name=&quot;JupeMyPrettyPony&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=McNary|first=Dave|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/tobin-bell-noah-jupe-stephen-king-my-pretty-pony-1202022445/|title=Tobin Bell, Noah Jupe to Star in 'My Pretty Pony,' Based on Stephen King Story|date=4 April 2017|work=Variety|accessdate=2 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2018, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri akụkọ sayensị The ''Titan'', na ihe nkiri egwu A Quiet Place .&lt;ref name=&quot;JupeSuburbicon&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JupeWonder&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JupeMyPrettyPony&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kit|first=Borys|title=John Krasinski's 'A Quiet Place' Adds 'Suburbicon' Actor (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/john-krasinskis-a-quiet-place-adds-suburbicon-actor-1029907|accessdate=2 November 2017|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=15 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Krasinski, onye so dee ma duzie ihe nkiri bụ A Quiet Place, tụbara Jupe na ndụmọdụ Clooney.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=George Clooney recommended child star Noah Jupe to John Krasinski|url=http://www.film-news.co.uk/news/UK/53914/George-Clooney-recommended-child-star-Noah-Jupe-to-John-Krasinski|accessdate=13 February 2018|work=Film News|date=4 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=John Krasinski Got the Heads Up About Noah Jupe From Who?!|url=http://www.eonline.com/videos/272361/john-krasinski-got-the-heads-up-about-noah-jupe-from-who|accessdate=18 February 2018|work=E!Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2019, Jupe pụtara na Honey Boy n'ihu Shia LaBeouf. Ihe nkiri ahụ noro n'onwe ya dabeere na LaBeouf na-etolite na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ, na Jupe na-egwu ụdị onye na-eto eto nke dabeere na LaBeouf.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=McNary|first=Dave|title='A Quiet Place' Star Noah Jupe to Play Young Shia LaBeouf in 'Honey Boy'|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/shia-labeouf-honey-boy-noah-jupe-1202756072/|accessdate=18 February 2018|work=Variety}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kit|first=Borys|title='A Quiet Place' Actor Noah Jupe to Play Young Shia LaBeouf in 'Honey Boy'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/a-quiet-place-actor-noah-jupe-play-young-shia-labeouf-honey-boy-1103442|accessdate=18 February 2018|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lenker|first=Maureen Lee|title='A Quiet Place' Star Noah Jupe to Play Young Shia LaBeouf in 'Honey Boy'|url=http://ew.com/movies/2018/04/17/noah-jupe-young-shia-labeouf-honey-boy/|accessdate=18 February 2018|work=Entertainment Weekly}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ, Jupe gosipụtakwara na ihe nkiri ''Ford'' v Ferrari .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NOAH JUPE JOINS FORD VS. FERRARI FILM|url=https://www.shepherdmanagement.co.uk/noah-jupe-joins-ford-vs-ferrari-film/|accessdate=8 February 2020|archive-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221174314/https://www.shepherdmanagement.co.uk/noah-jupe-joins-ford-vs-ferrari-film/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2020, ọ pụtara na miniseries The Undoing .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title='The Undoing': Noah Jupe To Star In HBO Limited Series With Nicole Kidman|url=https://deadline.com/2019/01/the-undoing-noah-jupe-cast-hbo-limited-series-nicole-kidman-hugh-grant-1202544187/|work=Deadline Hollywood|accessdate=28 January 2019|date=28 January 2019|archivedate=29 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129041521/https://deadline.com/2019/01/the-undoing-noah-jupe-cast-hbo-limited-series-nicole-kidman-hugh-grant-1202544187/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E gosipụtara Jupe n'ihe nkiri &quot;The 12 Young Creatives&quot; na mbipụta nke ọnwa March 2021 nke British &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwfw&quot;&gt;Vogue&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Ọ laghachiri ọrụ ya dị ka Marcus Abbott na A Quiet Place Part II n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ. Jupe ga-ekwupụta Peter na ihe nkiri na-abịa The Magician's Elephant . N'afọ 2022, ọ mere ka onye obula mara na a tụbara ya na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri sci-fi Morning, nke Justin Kurzel duziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/benedict-cumberbatch-laura-dern-noah-jupe-justin-kurzel-morning-efm-1234922877/|title=Laura Dern, Noah Jupe &amp; Benedict Cumberbatch To Star In Justin Kurzel Sci-Fi Drama ‘Morning’, HanWay Launches EFM Hot Pic|date=31 January 2022|work=Deadline Hollywood}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Tụkwasị na nke a, a tụbara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ''Franklin'' na Lady in the Lake nke Apple TV +.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wiseman|first=Andreas|title=Apple's Benjamin Franklin Series Starring Michael Douglas Adds Noah Jupe, Ludivine Sagnier, Daniel Mays, Assaad Bouab, More; Filming Starts In Paris|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/apple-michal-douglas-series-benjamin-franklin-noah-jupe-casting-paris-1235040738/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=8 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=White|first=Peter|title=Noah Jupe &amp; Mike Epps Among Cast Joining Apple Series ''Lady In The Lake''|url=https://deadline.com/2022/07/noah-jupe-mike-epps-cast-apple-series-lady-in-the-lake-1235059699/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=7 July 2022|date=July 7, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Omume ihe nkiri ==

=== Ihe nkiri onyonyo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ihe edeturu
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2017
| data-sort-value=&quot;Main with the Iron Heart, The&quot; |''Nwoke Nwere Obi Iron''
|Ata Moravec
|
|-
|''Ezigbo abalị ahụ''
|Ronaldo
|
|-
|''Obodo ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ''
|Nicky Lodge
|
|-
|''Ihe ijuanya''
|Jack Will
|
|-
|''Ịnyịnya ibu m mara mma''
|Mmachibido Iwu Clive
|Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
|''Holmes na Watson''
|Doxy
|
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;Quiet Place 1, A&quot; |''Ebe Dị jụụ''
|Marcus Abbott
|
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;Titan, The&quot; |''Titan''
|Lucas Janssen
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''Ford megide Ferrari''
|Peter Miles
|
|-
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
|Nwa okorobịa Otis Lort
|
|-
|2020
| data-sort-value=&quot;Quiet Place 2, A&quot; |''Ebe Dị jụụ Nkebi nke Abụọ''
|Marcus Abbott
|
|-
|2021
|''Enweghị Mgbalị Na-adịghị Amụ Mgbalị''
|Matthew Wertz
|
|-
|2022
|''Nrọ Dị Oké Obi Ike''
|Donnie Emerson na-eto eto
|Emechara ya
|-
|TBA
|''Elephant nke Onye Ime Anwansi''
|Pita
|Ihe nkiri na-abịanụ; olu
|}

=== Onyonyo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ihe edeturu
|-
|2015
|''Ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke Downton''
|Nwatakịrị
|1 ihe omume
|-
|2015
|''Penny A Na-atụ Egwu''
|Charles Chandler
|1 ihe omume
|-
|2015
|''Abụ Maka Jenny''
|William
|Ihe nkiri telivishọn
|-
|2016
|''Houdini na Doyle''
|Kingsley Conan Doyle
|Ọrụ a na-arụ ugboro ugboro
|-
|2016
|''Onye Agha Dragọn Ikpeazụ''
|Agụ owuru
|Ihe nkiri telivishọn
|-
|2016
|''Onye Nlekọta abalị''
|Daniel Roper
|Miniserie; ọrụ a na-eme ugboro ugboro
|-
|2020
|''Ndị Na-adịghị Nwụ N'Obi''
|Henry Fraser
|Miniserie; ọrụ bụ isi
|-
|TBA
|''Franklin''
|William Temple Franklin
|Miniserie ndị na-abịanụ
|-
|TBA
|''Nwanyị nọ n'Ọdọ Mmiri''
|
|Miniserie ndị na-abịanụ
|}

=== Vidiyo egwu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Onye na-ese ihe
!Ref.
|-
|2019
|&quot;Site na Ọgba aghara gaa na Nkwekọrịta&quot;
|Ian Brown
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/watch-ian-brown-head-seaside-from-chaos-to-harmony-video-2475870|title=Watch Ian Brown head to the seaside in 'From Chaos To Harmony' video|author=Nick Reily|date=12 April 2019|accessdate=28 September 2020|work=[[NME]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Onyinye na nhọpụta pụrụ iche ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Ọrụ a họpụtara
!Nsonaazụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ref.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2018
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Òtù Ndị Na-enyocha Ihe nkiri na London
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Onye na-eto eto Britain / Irish na-eme ihe nkiri nke Afọ
| data-sort-value=&quot;Man with the Iron Heart, The&quot; |''Nwoke Nwere Obi Iron''
| {{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.criticscircle.org.uk/three-billboards-leads-nominees-for-critics-circle-film-awards/|title=''Three Billboards'' Leads Nominees for Critics' Circle Film Awards|work=criticscircle.org.uk|first=Rich|author=Cline|date=19 December 2017|accessdate=20 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220074937/http://www.criticscircle.org.uk/three-billboards-leads-nominees-for-critics-circle-film-awards/|archivedate=20 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Obodo ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ''
| {{Nom}}
|-
|''Ihe ijuanya''
| {{Nom}}
|-
|Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society
|Egwuregwu Kasị Mma nke Onye Na-eme Ihe nkiri 23 na Under
| data-sort-value=&quot;Quiet Place 1, A&quot; |''Ebe Dị jụụ''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
|-
|Onyinye Ndị Na-eto Eto Na-eme Ihe Osise
|Ihe kacha mma na ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri
|''Obodo ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://youngartistawards.org/2018nominees|title=2018 NOMINEES Young Artist Awards|work=youngartistawards.org|accessdate=17 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518055312/https://youngartistawards.org/2018nominees|archivedate=18 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |2019
|Gotham Independent Film Awards
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/12/gotham-awards-2019-winners-list-1202193545/|title=Gotham Winners: 'Marriage Story' Wins Big as Gerwig, Awkwafina Steal the Show Backstage|work=indiewire.com|accessdate=8 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:fr:Indiana Film Journalists Association|Òtù Ndị Na-ede Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Indiana]]
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://midwestfilmjournal.com/2019/12/11/nominations-announced-for-the-2019-indiana-film-journalists-association-awards/|title=Nominations Announced for the 2019 Indiana Film Journalists Association Awards|author=Dossey|first=Evan|date=December 11, 2019|accessdate=January 7, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:fr:Las Vegas Film Critics Society|Òtù Ndị Na-enyocha Ihe nkiri Las Vegas]]
|Ndị Ntorobịa na Ihe nkiri
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://awardswatch.com/las-vegas-film-critics-society-once-upon-a-time-is-best-picture-director-and-more/|title=Las Vegas Film Critics Society: Once Upon a Time…is Best Picture, Director and more|first=Erik|author=Anderson|work=AwardsWatch|date=13 December 2019|accessdate=19 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Òtù Ndị Na-enyocha Ihe nkiri na London
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Onye na-eto eto Britain / Irish na-eme ihe nkiri nke Afọ
|''Holmes na Watson''
| {{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.criticscircle.org.uk/the-favourite-leads-nominees-for-critics-circle-film-awards/|title=The Favourite leads nominees for CC Film Awards|work=criticscircle.org.uk|first=Rich|author=Cline|date=18 December 2018|accessdate=10 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218233611/http://www.criticscircle.org.uk/the-favourite-leads-nominees-for-critics-circle-film-awards/|archivedate=18 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.criticscircle.org.uk/london-critics-name-roma-as-film-of-the-year/|title=London Critics Name Roma as Film of the Year|work=criticscircle.org.uk|first=Rich|author=Cline|date=20 January 2019|accessdate=10 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121014850/http://www.criticscircle.org.uk/london-critics-name-roma-as-film-of-the-year/|archivedate=21 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;Quiet Place 1, A&quot; |''Ebe Dị jụụ''
| {{Nom}}
|-
|''Ezigbo abalị ahụ''
| {{Nom}}
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;Titan, The&quot; |''Titan''
| {{Nom}}
|-
|Seattle Film Critics Society
|Egwuregwu Ndị Ntorobịa Kasị Mma
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://seattlefilmcritics.com/2019/12/09/the-irishman-leads-the-2019-seattle-film-critics-society-nominations/|title=&quot;The Irishman&quot; Leads the 2019 Seattle Film Critics Society Nominations|date=9 December 2019|work=[[Seattle Film Critics Society]]|accessdate=7 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
|Egwuregwu Ndị Ntorobịa Kasị Mma
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-08|title=The 2019 WAFCA Awards|url=http://www.wafca.com/awards/2019.htm|accessdate=2022-05-15|work=The Washington DC Area Film Critics Association|archivedate=2021-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301200257/http://www.wafca.com/awards/2019.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2020
|Òtù Ndị Na-enyocha Ihe nkiri Austin
|Onyinye Onye Na-eme Ihe Nwe Ihe
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://austinfilmcritics.org/2019-afca-award-nominations-f02ed1544f62|title=2019 AFCA Award Nominations|author=Stoddard|first=Elizabeth|date=30 December 2019|work=[[Austin Film Critics Association]]|accessdate=7 January 2020|archivedate=31 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231113559/https://austinfilmcritics.org/2019-afca-award-nominations-f02ed1544f62?gi=aff83c9a2596}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Ihe nrite ihe nkiri ndị Critics' Choice
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri / Onye na-ememe ihe nkiri kacha mma
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2020-critics-choice-awards-nominations-list-full-1260595|title=Critics' Choice Awards: 'The Irishman' Leads with 14 Nominations|date=8 December 2019|accessdate=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Onyinye Mmụọ Onwe Ya
|Nwoke Nkwado Kasị Mma
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/spirit-awards-nominations-full-list-nominees-indie-film-ifp-1202792053/|title=Spirit Award Nominations: A24 Leads For 4th Straight Year With 18 Noms As ''Uncut Gems'' &amp; ''The Lighthouse'' Come Up Big|author=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=November 21, 2019|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=January 7, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Òtù Ndị Na-enyocha Ihe nkiri Hollywood
|Egwuregwu Kasị Mma nke Onye Na-eme Ihe nkiri 23 na Under
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.awardscircuit.com/2019/11/25/laofcs-2019-nominations/|title=LAOFCS Announces New Name and 2019 Nominations • AwardsCircuit {{!}} Entertainment, Predictions, Reviews|author=Peterson|first=Karen M.|date=2019-11-25|work=AwardsCircuit {{!}} Entertainment, Predictions, Reviews|language=en-US|accessdate=2021-12-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191125213722/https://www.awardscircuit.com/2019/11/25/laofcs-2019-nominations/|archivedate=2019-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Òtù Ndị Na-enyocha Ihe nkiri na London
|Onye na-eto eto Britain / Irish na-eme ihe nkiri nke Afọ (&lt;small&gt;nke ya na&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;Ford&lt;/small&gt; v Ferrari nwekọrọ)
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/the-souvenir-leads-nominees-for-2020-london-critics-circle-film-awards/5145745.article|title=''The Souvenir'' leads nominees for 2020 London Critics' Circle Film Awards|work=screendaily.com|accessdate=8 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:fr:Online Film and Television Association|Òtù Ihe nkiri na Telivishọn n'ịntanetị]]
|Egwuregwu Ndị Ntorobịa Kasị Mma
|''Nwa Aṅụ''
| {{runner-up}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oftaawards.com/film-awards/24th-annual-film-awards-2019/|title=24th Annual Film Awards|accessdate=March 19, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|[[:fr:Las Vegas Film Critics Society|Òtù Ndị Na-enyocha Ihe nkiri Las Vegas]]
|Ndị Ntorobịa na Ihe nkiri
| data-sort-value=&quot;Quiet Place 2, A&quot; |''Ebe Dị jụụ Nkebi nke Abụọ''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nextbestpicture.com/latest/the-2021-las-vegas-film-critics-society-lvfcs-nominations|title=The 2021 Las Vegas Film Critics Society (LVFCS) Nominations|work=NextBestPicture|first=Matt|author=Neglia|date=December 12, 2021|accessdate=March 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:fr:Online Film and Television Association|Òtù Ihe nkiri na Telivishọn n'ịntanetị]]
|Onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma na ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ Limited Series
| data-sort-value=&quot;Undoing, The&quot; |''Ndị Na-adịghị Nwụ N'Obi''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oftaawards.com/television-awards/25th-annual-tv-awards-2020-21/|title=25th Annual TV Awards|accessdate=March 19, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
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    <title>Faidherbia</title>
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{| class=&quot;infobox biota&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)&quot; |''Faidherbia''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot; |[[File:Faidherbia_albida.JPG|frameless]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size: 88%&quot; |''Faidherbia albida'' growing with [[Arecaceae|palms]] and [[maize]] crops
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)&quot;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)&quot; |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;&quot;&gt;[[File:Red_Pencil_Icon.png|link=Template:Taxonomy/Faidherbia| edit ]]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|Kingdom:
|[[Osisi|Plantae]]
|-
|''Clade'':
|[[Vascular plant|Tracheophytes]]
|-
|''Clade'':
|[[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]]
|-
|''Clade'':
|[[Eudicots]]
|-
|''Clade'':
|[[Rosids]]
|-
|Order:
|[[Fabales]]
|-
|Family:
|[[Fabaceae]]
|-
|Subfamily:
|[[Caesalpinioideae]]
|-
|''Clade'':
|[[Mimosoideae|Mimosoid clade]]
|-
|Genus:
|''[[Faidherbia]]''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Auguste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|Species:
|&lt;div class=&quot;species&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;'''''F.&amp;nbsp;albida'''''&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)&quot; |[[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot; |'''&lt;span class=&quot;binomial&quot;&gt;''Faidherbia albida''&lt;/span&gt;'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;([[Delile]]) [[A.Chev.]]&lt;/div&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot; |[[File:Faidherbia_alba_Distribution_Map.svg|frameless]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size: 88%&quot; |The range of ''Faidherbia albida''.
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)&quot; |[[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]]&lt;ref name=&quot;apd&quot;&gt;African Plants Database: [http://www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/bd/africa/details.php?langue=an&amp;id=62154 ''Faidherbia albida''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926230106/http://www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/bd/africa/details.php?langue=an&amp;id=62154 Archived] 2007-09-26 at the [[Wayback Machine]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left&quot; |
* ''Acacia albida'' &lt;small&gt;Delile&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acacia mossambicensis'' &lt;small&gt;Bolle&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Faidherbia albida'' var. ''glabra'' &lt;small&gt;Nongon.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Faidherbia albida'' var. ''pseudoglabra'' &lt;small&gt;Nongon.&lt;/small&gt;
|}
[[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]]
[[Usòrò:Faidherbia_albida_fleur_MHNT.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Faidherbia_albida_fleur_MHNT.jpg/220px-Faidherbia_albida_fleur_MHNT.jpg|thumb|''Faidherbia albida'' - MHNT]]
[[File:Faidherbia albida MHNT.BOT.2020.2.21.jpg|thumb|''Faidherbia albida'']]
'''Faidherbia''' bụ ụdị ahịhịa leguminous nwere otu ụdị, '''''Faidherbia''''' '''albida''', nke a gụnyere n'ọtụtụ ụdị Acacia dị ka ''Acacia'' albida. A mụrụ ụdị ahụ n'Africa na Middle East ma webata ya na Pakistan na [[Ndia|India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ILDIS&quot;/&gt; Aha ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere apụl-ring acacia (ọgba ha, mkpụrụ osisi indehiscent yiri mgbaaka apụl), na '''ogwu oyi'''.&lt;ref&gt;C.Michael Hogan, ed. 2010. [http://www.eol.org/pages/648064 ''Faidherbia albida''. Encyclopedia of Life.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wpa1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Armstrong|first=W. P.|title=Unforgettable Acacias, A Large Genus Of Trees &amp; Shrubs|url=http://waynesword.palomar.edu/plaug99.htm|work=Wayne's Word|accessdate=17 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110064020/http://waynesword.palomar.edu/plaug99.htm|archivedate=10 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ILDIS&quot; /&gt; Aha [[South Africa]] bụ '''osisi ana'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ILDIS&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanWyk&quot;/&gt;

== Nchịkọta nhazi ==
A marawo ụdị a dị ka ''Acacia albida'' ruo ogologo oge, a ka na-akpọkarị ya dị ka nke a. Guinet (1969) na Pondicherry bu ụzọ kwuo ka a kewaa ya n'ime ụdị ''Faidherbia'', ụdị nke Auguste Chevalier guzobere na senchiri gara aga na nke a dị ka ụdị, nke onye South Africa James Henderson Ross (1973) na onye Senegal legume botanist Nongonierma (1976, 1978), kwadoro, mana [[Senegal|ndị]] edemede nọgidere na-akwado nhazi n'okpuru ''Acacia'' ka ọ dị na 1997.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sahel&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Geerling|first=Chris|date=15 July 1982|title=Guide de terrain des ligneux Saheliens et Soudano Guineens|journal=Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen|volume=82|issue=3|pages=177, 178|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanWyk&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sahel&quot; /&gt;

=== Mgbanwe dị iche iche ===
Dị ka John Patrick Micklethwait Brenan si dee na ''Flora'' of Tropical East Africa (1959), enwere ike ịmata ụdị abụọ na mpaghara a ([[Kenya]], Tanzania, [[Uganda]]), agbụrụ A na-amata ọdịiche site na njirimara dị nro, ebe agbụrụ B nwere ntutu. Ross (1979) na-ekwu na osisi niile dị na ndịda etiti Tanzania bụ agbụrụ B. N'otu aka ahụ, Nongonierma kọwara ụdị abụọ maka Senegal, var. ''glabra'' na var. ''pseudoglabra'', mana a na-eleghara ọdịiche ya anya site na 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;fao&quot;&gt;FAO: [http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Q2190E/Q2190E10.htm Handbook on Seeds of Dry-Zone Acacias]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;apd&quot;/&gt;

== Nkọwa ==
Ọ bụ osisi ogwu na-eto eto site na mita isii ruo mita ịrị atọ (20 - 98 ft) n'ogologo na mita abụọ (6.6 ) n&quot;obosara ogwe [[Óshíshí|osisi]]. Mgbọrọgwụ ya na-abanye n'ime ala na-eme ka ọ na-eguzogide oke ọkọchị. Akpụkpọ ahụ na-acha ntụ ntụ, ma na-agbaji mgbe ọ kara nká. Enwere mkpụrụ pụkụ ịrị na otu na kilogram ọ bụla.{{Tinye edensibịa}}

== Nkesa ==
N'ebe ndịda Afrịka, ọ dịghị n'ọtụtụ mpaghara, izere ebe kpọrọ nkụ na ugwu ma ọ bụ ebe mmiri ozuzo na-ezo n'oge oyi, mana ọ na-eme n'akụkụ ala mmiri nke Zambezi na Limpopo, na Kruger National Park, Pongoland, gburugburu Gaborone, n'ebe ugwu Okavango, Caprivi Strip, Kaokoveld, ọdịda anyanwụ Gaza na Maputo Province.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanWyk&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=van Wyk|first=Braam|date=1997|title=Field Guide to trees of southern Africa|location=Cape Town|publisher=Struik|isbn=1-86825-922-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Afrịka, ọ dịghị n'ọzara, ebe mmiri ozuzo dị elu, oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo na ebe ugwu dị, mana ọ na-eme n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke kọntinent ahụ site n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda na Maputaland ruo [[Egypt|Ijipt]], n'ofe Subsaharan Sahel na Horn of Africa. N'Ebe Ugwu Africa, ma e wezụga n'Ijipt ọ na-apụta na [[Algeria]], ọ naghị eme na [[Morocco]] n'onwe ya, mana a na-ahụ ya na Western Sahara.&lt;ref name=&quot;ILDIS&quot;/&gt;

N'Eshia, a na-eche na ọ bụ nwa amaala Yemen na Saudi Arabia na Arabian Peninsula, Iran, na Levant na Israel, Syria na [[Lebanon]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ILDIS&quot;&gt;[http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?sciname=Faidherbia+albida ILDIS LegumeWeb]&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ahụ ndị bi na ya n'ọhịa ndị dị na [[Israel]] (n'ebe nchekwa okike Shimron, nso obodo Timrat). Osisi niile dị n'otu ahịhịa bụ otu mkpụrụ ndụ nketa ma yie ka ha mụbara site na ọmụmụ ahịhịhịa naanị, ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ.{{Tinye edensibịa}}

A na-ahụ ndị a webatara na Saịprọs na Ascension Island, na Pakistan na Karnataka (India).&lt;ref name=&quot;ILDIS&quot;/&gt;

== Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi ==
N'ebe ndịda Afrịka, ọ na-etolite na ala mmiri na-asọ asọ na bushveld, n'akụkụ osimiri ma ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri, n'ọzara, ma ọ bụ n'osimiri mmiri kpọrọ nkụ nke nwere ike iju mmiri n'oge mmiri ozuzo.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanWyk&quot;/&gt; Ọ na-eto n'ọhịa dị na Sahel, n'akụkụ Zambezi na [[Sudan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ILDIS&quot;/&gt; Na Sahel ọ na-eto n'etiti ndị mmadụ. Ọ na-eto na savannahs na Sudan na Sahel, n'ala dị arọ nke nwere ezigbo mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sahel&quot;/&gt;

N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka na-ekpo ọkụ, ọ na-eme mgbe ụfọdụ n'otu, mana ọ nwere ike ịbụ ụdị kachasị n'ọhịa kpọrọ nkụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;apd&quot;/&gt; Na Sahel ọ nwere nkesa na-adịghị mma, nke na-agbakọta agbakọta, na-adịghị n'ebe ụfọdụ mana ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ógbè mgbe ụfọdụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sahel&quot;/&gt;

Ọ na-eto n'ebe mmiri ozuzo na-ezo kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fao&quot;/&gt;

== Uto na ojiji ==
''Faidherbia albida'' dị mkpa na Sahel maka ịzụlite aṅụ, ebe ọ bụ na okooko ya na-enye aṅụ nri na ngwụcha oge mmiri ozuzo, mgbe ọtụtụ osisi ndị ọzọ na-adịghị.&lt;ref name=&quot;world&quot;/&gt;

A na-eji mkpụrụ osisi ahụ azụ anụ ụlọ, a na-eji ya dị ka nri kamel na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], anụ ụlọ na egwuregwu na-eri ya na Southern Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;world&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanWyk&quot;/&gt; Enyí, antelope, buffalo, baboons na ihe nchọgharị na ndị na-azụ anụ na-atọ ụtọ, ọ bụ ezie na warthog na zebra leghaara ha anya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=Journal of Tropical Ecology|volume=6|issue=4|date=1990|pages=445–457|title=Fruit production by ''Acacia albida'' trees in Zambezi riverine woodlands|author=Kevin M. Dunham|doi=10.1017/S0266467400004843}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eji osisi ahụ eme ihe maka ụgbọ mmiri, ụrọ, na pestles ma na-akụ ụgbụ ya na Naịjirịa ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe nkwakọba na anụmanụ. Osisi ahụ nwere njupụta nke ihe dị ka 560 kg/m³ na mmiri nke pasent ịrị na abụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fao2&quot;&gt;FAO: [http://www.fao.org/docrep/V5360E/v5360e0f.htm Role of acacia species in the rural economy of dry Africa and the Near East]&lt;/ref&gt; Uru ike nke osisi dị ka mmanụ bụ 19.741 kJ / kg.&lt;ref name=&quot;world&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031700/http://www.worldagroforestry.org/Sites/TreeDBS/aft/speciesPrinterFriendly.asp?Id=1 World AgroForestry]&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eji ntụ nke osisi eme ncha na dị ka ihe na-eme ka akpụkpọ anụ na ihe na-egbuke egbuke maka akpụkpọ anụ. A na-eji osisi ahụ akpụ ihe; alaka ogwu ndị ahụ bara uru maka mgbidi nwere ogwu. A na-ewere osisi na akwụkwọ osisi dị ka nri anụ ụlọ. Ihe dị ka pasent ịrị itoolu nke ndị ọrụ ugbo Senegal nke Felker gbara ajụjụ ọnụ (1981) chịkọtara, chekwaa, ma nyefee mkpụrụ osisi ''Acacia albida'' na anụ ụlọ. Ndị Zimbabwe na-eji pods eme ihe iji mee ka azụ dị egwu. Ụmụ mmadụ na-eri mkpụrụ e siri esi n'oge ụkọ na Zimbabwe.{{Tinye edensibịa}}

A na-eji ya akpọrọ ihe na agroforestry ka ọ na-edozi nitrogen, a rụpụtakwara mkpụrụ dị elu na ọ dịkarịa ala otu ogige nnwale nke ọka a na-akụ n'etiti osisi na njupụta nke osisi dị otu narị ruo ịrị abụọ na ise kwa hekta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bayala|first=Jules|date=2010-09-01|title=Evergreen Agriculture: a robust approach to sustainable food security in Africa|url=http://www.evergreenagriculture.net/sites/default/files/Evergreen%20Agriculture%20Garrity%20et%20al%20Food%20Security.pdf|journal=Food Security|language=en|volume=2|issue=3|pages=197–214|doi=10.1007/s12571-010-0070-7|issn=1876-4525|archive-date=2012-10-21|access-date=2022-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021144226/http://evergreenagriculture.net/sites/default/files/Evergreen%20Agriculture%20Garrity%20et%20al%20Food%20Security.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka akụkọ 2018 nke Guardian si kwuo, monocultures nke ụdị a na-ewu ewu n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke [[Niger]], ebe a maara ya dị ka ''gao'' na Hausa, iji mee ihe maka intercropping.&lt;ref name=&quot;Don'tTrustGuardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/16/regreening-niger-how-magical-gaos-transformed-land|title=The great African regreening: Millions of 'magical' new trees bring renewal|work=The Guardian|date=2018-08-16|author=MacLean|first=Ruth}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ejikwa ya maka nchịkwa erosion.{{Tinye edensibịa}} Uru ya dị ka osisi agroforestry na-abawanye n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na osisi ahụ na-adaba na akwụkwọ ya n'oge oge mmiri ozuzo, ya mere ọ naghị asọmpi na ọkụkụ maka ìhè anyanwụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Becking|first=David|title=Faidherbia albida|url=http://treesa.org/faidherbia-albida/|work=Trees SA|accessdate=24 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọwapụtara ojiji osisi ahụ na mmelite okike nke ala mebiri emebi n'ebe ndịda Niger kemgbe afọ 1990 dị ka mgbanwe kachasị mma na Sahel, na ikekwe n'Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Villalón|date=2021|title=''The Oxford Handbook of the African Sahel''|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=209-230|chapter=Chapter 11: Land Use Change and Climate-Smart Agriculture in the Sahel|isbn=9780198816959}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ojiji ọgwụ ===
A na-eji ihe a na-ewepụ ma na-agwọ ọrịa anya n'ụmụ anụ ụlọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;world&quot;/&gt; A na-eji ụgbụgbọ ahụ eme ihe na ọgwụ ọdịnala na Southern Africa, na Niger.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanWyk&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Don'tTrustGuardian&quot;/&gt;
[[Usòrò:Faidherbia_albida_branch.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Faidherbia_albida_branch.png/250px-Faidherbia_albida_branch.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|Alaka nwere okooko osisi]]

== Mkpa ọdịbendị ==
A maara ''Faiderbia albida'' n'asụsụ Bambara dị ka ''balanzan'' ma bụrụkwa osisi gọọmentị nke obodo Segou na [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Osimiri]] Niger na etiti [[Mali]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1960425.stm BBC News story on Mali's ''Faidherbia albida'' trees]&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka akụkọ ifo si kwuo, Segou bụ ebe obibi nke osisi ''balanzan'' dị pụkụ anọ, narị anọ na ịrị anọ na anọ, tinyere otu &quot;osisi na-efu efu&quot; dị omimi nke a na-enweghị ike ịmata ebe ya.{{Tinye edensibịa}}

Na Serer na ụfọdụ n'ime asụsụ Cangin, a na-akpọ ya ''Saas''. Saas pụtara ìhè n'akụkọ ifo nke ndị Serer. Dabere na akụkọ ifo ha, ọ bụ osisi nke ndụ na ọmụmụ.

== Nchekwa ==
''Faidherbia albida'' edeghị dị ka ụdị dị egwu.{{Tinye edensibịa}}

== Ebensidee ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Ọgụgụ ọzọ ==

* Edmund G.C. Barrow. 1996. The Drylands of Africa:Local Participation in Tree Management. Initiatives Publishers: Nairobi, Kenya.
* A.E.G.Storrs. 1979. ''Know Your Trees: Some Common Trees Found in Zambia''. Government Republic of Zambia, Forestry Department: Ndola, Zambia..
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070809102647/http://www.afae.org/html/98-204.html Africa: Forest, Agroforestry and Environment] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151228130317/http://www.hear.org/gcw/html/autogend/species/60.HTM Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk Project (HEAR)]
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_albida.html Purdue University New Crop Resource Online Program]

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Òtù:Osisi nke Africa]]
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'''Okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko Standard Guage dị na Lagos''' bụ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko jikọrọ steeti Legọs na steeti Kano nke dị kilomita otu puku, narị atọ na iri anọ na atọ n'ogologo nke a na-ewu na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. Ozugbo e mechara ya, ụzọ ụgbọ oloko ahụ ga-ejikọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Atlantic Ocean nke steeti [[Lagos]] na a steeti [[Kano]], nso ókèala ya na [[Niger]], na-agafe isi obodo [[Abuja]]. Ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ nọchiri Cape gauge Western Line nke ndị Britain wuru na 1896 na 1927, nke nwere ike imi ala ma na-emebi emebi.&lt;ref name=&quot;israel2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Israel|first=Olumide|title=Railway: The return of the economic live wire!|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/03/railway-return-economic-live-wire/|date=March 2, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A rụchara akụkụ abụọ nke ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ma malite ụgbọ okporo ígwè ndị njem. Akụkụ dị n'etiti [[Abuja]] na [[Kaduna]] meghere na July 2016. Akụkụ dị n'etiti [[Lagos]] na [[Ibadan]] ka a kwụsịrị na June 2021.

== Ihe owuwu ==
Mgbe [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nweere onwe ya site na Great Britain, ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke oge ọchịchị na-achị ala ahụ jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ daa n'ọnọdụ mmebi. Ndị njem na ụgbọ okporo ígwè Naijiria si na nde 11 na 1964 ruo nde 1.6 na 2003. Ụgbọ njem fọrọ nke nta ka ọ daa, site na nde tọn 3 na 1964 ruo ihe na-erughị 100,000 tọn na 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;nan2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Komolafe|first=Oladayo|title=Overseeing the resurrection of Nigerian railways|url=http://nannewsnigeria.com/news-analysis-overseeing-resurrection-nigerian-railways|date=2015-02-17|accessdate=2016-07-26|archive-date=2016-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726153512/http://nannewsnigeria.com/news-analysis-overseeing-resurrection-nigerian-railways|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mbido afọ 2013, ọ were awa 31 maka ụgbọ oloko ndị njem ịga njem n'etiti [[Lagos]] na [[Kano]], na nkezi ọsọ nke naanị 45 km / h.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=A slow but steady new chug|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21571481-renovated-railway-line-welcome-more-are-still-sorely-needed-slow|date=9 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ amalitela imezigharị ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Cape gauge, ọganihu akụ na ụba na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] emeela ka akara gauge dị mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;israel2014&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 2006, gọọmentị Naijiria nyere ụlọ ọrụ China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation nkwekọrịta ijeri $ 8.3 iji wuo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè site na Lagos ruo Kano. N'ihi enweghị ike inweta ego maka ọrụ ahụ dum, gọọmentị Naijiria kpebiri iwu akara akara ọkọlọtọ n'akụkụ dị iche iche ma mezigharịa akara dị warara n'oge ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;railway_technology&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Abuja-Kaduna Rail Line, Nigeria|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/abuja-kaduna-rail-line/|work=Railway Technology|accessdate=2016-02-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abuja Kaduna ===
Akụkụ dị kilomita 187 site na [[Abuja]] ruo [[Kaduna]] bụ nke mbụ e wuru. [[Abuja]] anọghị na netwọk ụgbọ okporo ígwè mba, ebe ọ bụ na e wuru ya dị ka isi obodo mgbe Naịjirịa nweere onwe ya site na Great Britain.&lt;ref name=&quot;gazette2016&quot; /&gt; Kaduna bụ ebe dị mkpa na netwọk ụgbọ okporo ígwè Cape gauge dị ugbu a, ebe alaka na-apụ na Lagos Nguru maka Kafanchan, na Port Harcourt Maiduguri Railway. Ihe owuwu nke akụkụ AbujańKaduna furu $ 876 nde, nke nwere $ 500 nde na mgbazinye ego sitere na Exim Bank nke China na nkwụsi ike sitere na gọọmentị Naijiria.&lt;ref name=&quot;gazette2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=President inaugurates Abuja – Kaduna railway|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/president-inaugurates-abuja-kaduna-railway.html|date=2016-07-26|archive-date=2020-09-29|access-date=2022-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929141136/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/president-inaugurates-abuja-kaduna-railway.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation (CCECC) malitere iwu ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na 20 Febụwarị 2011, ọ malitekwara ịtọ ụzọ na 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Abuja-Kaduna Rail line, Prospects and Challenges|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/07/abuja-kaduna-rail-line-prospects-challenges/|work=Vanguard News|date=25 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gazette2016&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, ihe isi ike dị iche iche mere ka a ghara ịrụcha ụzọ ahụ. Ndị omempụ na-ezu ohi ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na-amanye CCECC iwu mgbidi iji chekwaa okporo ụzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Odittah|first=Chuka|title=Hope dims on N170 billion Abuja-Kaduna rail project|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/2016/01/hope-dims-on-n170-billion-abuja-kaduna-rail-project/|date=2016-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mbelata nke uru nke naira Naịjirịa dugara na ụkọ ego gọọmentị maka ọrụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;gazette2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2016&quot; /&gt; Oge igbu oge bilitere n'inweta ala achọrọ maka ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè site na ịzụta iwu. Ọ bụ ezie na CCECC kara akara n'ụlọ ọgwụ Daughters of Charity dị na Abuja maka ịkwatu na 2014, gọọmentị akwụghị ụgwọ ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ruo n'ọnwa Eprel 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;DailyNigeria2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Odittah|first=Chuka|title='Compensation over Abuja-Kaduna railway ready'|url=https://guardian.ng/news/compensation-over-abuja-kaduna-railway-ready/|work=The Guardian (Nigeria)|date=2016-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; E meghere ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ na 26 Julaị 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;gazette2016&quot; /&gt;

=== Ọdọ Mmiri Ibadan ===
E nyere nkwekọrịta ijeri $ 1.53 na 2012 na China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation maka iwu akụkụ Lagos Ibadan (156 km) nke ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọkọlọtọ site na 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;railway_technology&quot;/&gt; Agbanyeghị, ọrụ ahụ enwetala oge. Ememe nchoputa ala mechara mee na 7 Machị na afo 2017, a hazikwara ka a rụchaa ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ na Disemba, na afọ 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria: Lagos-Ibadan Rail Project Ready in 2018 – Osinbajo|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201703080017.html|work=Premium Times (Abuja)|date=7 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnukwu mmiri ozuzo mere n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 2018, gọmentị Naijiria zigara ndị agha iji chebe ndị ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè pụọ n'aka ndị omempụ na ndị ohi ji égbè.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Rain, Others Delay Lagos-Ibadan Rail Construction|url=https://nigeriana.news/rain-others-delay-lagos-ibadan-rail-construction.html|work=Nigeriana News – Nigerian Newspaper|date=25 May 2018|archive-date=13 September 2022|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913011419/https://nigeriana.news/rain-others-delay-lagos-ibadan-rail-construction.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=CCECC begins overnight work on Lagos-Ibadan rail project|url=https://punchng.com/ccecc-begins-overnight-work-on-lagos-ibadan-rail-project/|work=Punch Newspapers|date=23 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe owuwu ahụ gara n'ihu na-egbu oge site na ntuli aka nke Naijiria nke afọ 2019, mgbe CCECC kpọpụrụ ndị ọrụ China ya dị ka ihe nchebe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nnodim|first=Okechukwu|title=Lagos-Ibadan railway: Chinese contractors return to Nigeria after elections|url=https://punchng.com/lagos-ibadan-railway-chinese-contractors-return-to-nigeria-after-elections/|work=Punch Newspapers|date=16 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọganihu belatara na 2020 site na nnọpụiche mmekọrịta dị mkpa iji lụso ọrịa COVID-19 ọgụ, ebe ọ bụ naanị ndị ọrụ 20 nọ n'ebe a na-ewu ụlọ nke nwere 200.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Lagos-Ibadan Rail to begin operations with 16 trips daily – NRC|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/lagos-ibadan-rail-to-begin-operations-with-16-trips-daily-nrc/|work=Vanguard News|date=16 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụgbọ okporo ígwè ndị njem malitere ọrụ nnwale na 7 Disemba 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NRC begins Lagos-Abeokuta-Ibadan rail services|url=https://punchng.com/nrc-begins-lagos-abeokuta-ibadan-rail-services/|work=Punch (Nigeria)|date=2020-12-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye nwetara ihe nrite Nobel bụ Wole Soyinka ghọrọ onye na-agagharị na ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ, na-akpọ ya &quot;ọrụ dị egwu na-aga n'ihu na-atụle ihe isi ike nke ime ihe ọ bụla na mba a&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Akinkuotu|first=Eniola|title=Talking about Buhari not good for my sanity – Soyinka|url=https://punchng.com/talking-about-buhari-not-good-for-my-sanity-soyinka-2/|work=Punch Newspapers|date=2021-01-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari meghere ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ na 10 June 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adewole|first=Segun|title=Buhari inaugurates Lagos-Ibadan Railway project|url=https://punchng.com/buhari-inaugurates-lagos-ibadan-railway-project/|work=Punch (Nigeria)|date=2021-06-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akụkụ ndị ọzọ ===
Na 15 Mee, na afọ 2018, Minista Naịjirịa nke Transportation bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta $ 6.68 ijeri na China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation iji mezue akụkụ ndị fọdụrụ na LagosńKano Standard Gauge Railway. A na-atụ anya na owuwu ga-ewe afọ iri abụọ na atọ site na nnweta ego.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Chinese firm, Nigeria sign 6 bln USD rail project agreement|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/16/c_137181714.htm|work=Xinhua|date=16 May 2018|archive-date=19 May 2018|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519184020/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/16/c_137181714.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ibadan-Osogbo-Ilorin (200 kilomita)
* OsogboñAdo Ekiti&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2018/05/16/you-will-soon-board-train-to-ado-ekiti-amaechi-reveals/|title=You will soon board train to Ado Ekiti- Amaechi reveals -|date=May 16, 2018|work=The NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Ilorin-Minna (270 kilomita)
* MinnaịAbuja
* Kaduna-Kano (305 kilomita)

=== Njikọ ọdịnihu na Warri ===
N'afọ 1987, gọmentị Naijiria nyere nkwekọrịta iji wuo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè mbụ nke mba ahụ, na-ejikọta ebe ndị a na-egwupụta ihe na Itakpe na Ajaokuta Steel Mill na ịga n'ihu na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Warri. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ ahụ kwụsịrị ma ka na-arụchabeghị mgbe ụzọ AbujaʹKaduna meghere. CCECC weghara iwu ihe n'okporo ụzọ ahụ ma, na 29 Septemba 2020, Onye isi ala [[Muhammadu Buhari]] meghere ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ememe mebere emepe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Agbakwuru|first=Johnbosco|title=FG commissions Itakpe-Warri rail line|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/just-in-fg-commissions-itakpe-warri-rail-line/|work=Vanguard (Nigeria)|date=29 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Ọktoba, na afọ 2019, gomentị bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ijeri $ 3.9 na China Railway Construction Corporation Limited iji gbasaa ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè site na Warri ruo Abuja, na-ejikọta ya na Lagos Tianos Standard Gauge Railway.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ogunyinka|first=Victor|title=Nigeria/China deal: FG okays $3.9bn for Abuja-Itakpe rail line|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/10/nigeria-china-deal-fg-okays-3-9bn-for-abuja-itakpe-rail-line/|work=Vanguard News|date=11 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Mmecha nke eriri AbujańKaduna na afọ 2016 bịara n'oge dị oke egwu maka njem ala na mpaghara ahụ. Malite n'afọ 2009, okporo ụzọ awara awara nke AbujaʹKaduna dara n'ọnọdụ mmebi iwu ka ndị ohi na ndị ntọ ji égbè nọchibidoro ya. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ahụ nwụrụ bụ ndị ọrụ gọmentị a ma ama, gụnyere Kọmishọna Ukwu Sierra Leone na Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Augustine|first=Agbo-Paul|title=Abuja-Kaduna Road: The Bad, The Ugly|url=https://leadership.ng/2017/06/17/abuja-kaduna-road-bad-ugly/|work=Leadership Newspaper|date=17 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịtụ egwu maka nchekwa ha, ndị njem gbakọtara n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okogba|first=Emmanuel|title=Abuja/Kaduna Commuters: Rail Raises Safety Niche on Road Transport|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/04/abuja-kaduna-commuters-rail-raises-safety-niche-on-road-transport/|work=Vanguard News|date=28 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwado kwa ụbọchị mụbara 270% ruo 3,700, a na-ebo ndị ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ebubo ma jide ha maka ịghọ aghụghọ tiketi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/insecurity-abuja-kaduna-railway-passengers-rise-by-270/|title=Insecurity: Abuja-Kaduna railway passengers rise by 270%|work=punchng.com|date=29 October 2019|accessdate=29 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EXPOSED: How Nigerian Railway Workers Sell 'Black Market' Tickets, Defraud Travellers At Abuja, Kaduna Train Stations|url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/04/01/exposed-how-nigerian-railway-workers-sell-%E2%80%98black-market%E2%80%99-tickets-defraud-travellers-abuja|work=[[Sahara Reporters]]|accessdate=27 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Greedy Train Station Officials Hoard Tickets, Triple Prices As Abuja-Kaduna Kidnappers Scare Passengers Away From Road|url=http://saharareporters.com/2019/04/08/greedy-train-station-officials-hoard-tickets-triple-prices-abuja-kaduna-kidnappers-scare|work=Sahara Reporters|date=8 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Senator Mohammed Ali Ndume kọrọ na ọ ga-eguzo n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè maka njem ahụ dum, Senator James Manager kwuru, &quot;Ọ bụ onye chọrọ igbu onwe ya ga-aga n'okporo ụzọ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Iroanusi|first=QueenEsther|title=After standing in train for two hours, Senator wants more coaches for Abuja-Kaduna rail line|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/329004-after-standing-in-train-for-two-hours-senator-wants-more-coaches-for-abuja-kaduna-rail-line.html|work=Premium Times (Nigeria)|date=8 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2022, ndị ohi wakporo ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-ebu ndị njem n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè Abuja-Kaduna. Ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 8 nwụrụ ma tọọrọ mmadụ 65.

== Map ==

* [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/nigeria.pdf Map UN (na-egosi ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè)]
* [http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&amp;docid=441688830&amp;query=Nigeria%20map Map Atlas nke UNHCR]

== Hụkwa ==

* Ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Naịjirịa
* Ogige ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Naịjirịa

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Hausa–Gwandara languages</title>
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A n'''a'''-asụ asụsụ Hausa Gwandara (nke a makwaara dị ka '''asụsụ''' A.1 West Chadic) nke ezinụlọ Afro-Asia karịsịa na Niger no nime [[Niger|Nigeria]]. Ha gụnyere [[Asụsụ Gwandara|Gwandara]] na Hausa, asụsụ Chadic kachasị na asụsụ bụ isi nke West Africa.

Asụsụ abụọ a na-asụ bụ:

* Ndị Hausa
* [[Asụsụ Gwandara|Gwandara]]

== Nchịkọta n'ime West Chadic ==
Dabere na ọdịdị aha na usoro ụtọ asụsụ ndị ọzọ, Blench (2021) na-ewe alaka na HausaʹGwandara dị ka alaka mbụ nke West Chadic nke kewara na Proto-West Chadic.&lt;ref&gt;Blench, Roger. 2021. ''[https://www.academia.edu/46654471/The_erosion_of_number_marking_in_West_Chadic The erosion of number marking in West Chadic Roger Blench]''. WOCAL, Leiden.&lt;/ref&gt;

Asụsụ Hausa Gwandara nwere ọtụtụ okwu ndị a na-adịghị ahụ n'asụsụ&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Blench, Roger. 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210430011432/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/Chadic/West/Hausa/Hausa%20etymologies%202011.pdf Benue-Congo (and some Nilo-Saharan) etymologies for Hausa words?]&lt;/ref&gt; ndị ọzọ nke Chadic n'ihi na ha bụ ego sitere na Adamawa, Plateau, Kainji, Nupoid, na asụsụ Benue-Congo ndị ọzọ nwetara n'oge mgbasawanye ya gafee Naịjirịa Middle Belt. Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ ndị ahụ ghọrọ ndị a nabatara, ọtụtụ n'ime okwu ha agbanweela akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Hausa. A tụwo aro ụfọdụ na mmetụta sitere na asụsụ Nilo-Sahara na-apụ n'anya na Hausa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ndepụta nke okwu Hausa nke nwere ike ịbụ Benue-Congo:&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bekee
!Ndị Hausa
|-
|itoolu
|Tatar
|-
|nne/nwanyi
|uwaa
|-
|ịsa ahụ (ahụ)
|wankèè
|-
|àkwà
|Anụmanụ
|-
|uhie uhie, uhie uhye
|jaa
|-
|afọ
|afọ
|-
|porcupine
|beguwa
|-
|Ogwu agama
|ƙadangare
|-
|mmiri
|ruwaa
|-
|anyanwụ, ụbọchị
|awọ
|-
|àkwá
|ƙwǎy
|-
|ọdụm
|Zákii
|-
|agụ owuru
|Daamísà
|-
|ọnwa, ọnwa
|wátàà
|-
|hare
|zóómó
|-
|akpị
|kunāma
|-
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|-
|osisi (sphincter)
|Kondo, ƙunduu
|-
|dọkịta
|bokaa
|-
|agụụ
|yúnwàà
|-
|akpụkpọ ụkwụ
|tākalmi
|-
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|tofa
|-
|ụdị, ụdị
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|-
|ịgba egwú
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|-
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|rafi
|-
|Ram
|rago
|-
|Nnụnụ
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|-
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|-
|ezi, ezi
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|-
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|iburu
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|Obodo nta
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|nkume dị larịị
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|bukka
|-
|ịta nri
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|anụ
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|mmanụ
|Mee
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|Kabeéwàà
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    <title>Yawa Djigbodi Tségan</title>
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{{Databox}}

'''Chantal Yawa Djigbodi Tségan''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1971) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Togolese bụ onye bụ onye isi oche nke otu ụlọ nke mba ahụ kemgbe Jenụwarị 2019.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Chantal Yawa Djigbodi Tségan na 5 August 1971 na Kpélé-Agavé na Kloto.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.tg/le-president/biographie/94-le-president.html|language=fr|title=BIOGRAPHIE SOMMAIRE DE LA PRESIDENTE DE L'ASSEMBLEE NATIONALE|publisher=Assemblée Nationale Togolaise|accessdate=2022-10-17|archivedate=2020-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110020659/http://www.assemblee-nationale.tg/le-president/biographie/94-le-president.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere Master's na Business Law site na Mahadum Benin na Togo na Diploma of Tax Inspection site na [[:fr:École nationale des impôts|National School of Taxes]] nke Clermont-Ferrand na [[France]].&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ aka ya ==
Tségan bụ onye nyocha ụtụ isi, na-arụ ọrụ maka Ngalaba Nnukwu Ụlọ Ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.togofirst.com/en/politics/2401-2409-togo-yawa-tsegan-djigbodi-becomes-the-first-president-of-the-national-assembly-in-the-history-of-the-country|title=Togo : Yawa Tsegan Djigbodi becomes the first president of the national assembly in the history of the country|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=20 January 2021|publisher=Togo First}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Directorate General of Taxes ma n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2010 ọ ghọrọ onyeisi ndị ọrụ maka Ministry of Transport.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;who&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.alome.com/h/116424.html|language=fr|title=Qui est Yawa Tsegan, la nouvelle présidente de l'Assemblée nationale?|publisher=Alome.com|date=24 January 2010|accessdate=20 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara Tségan ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya Kloto-Kpelé na Julaị 2013 na ọzọ na Disemba 2018, mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche mbụ nke Nzukọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;jeune&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/714707/politique/togo-yawa-djigbodi-tsegan-premiere-femme-elue-presidente-de-lassemblee-nationale/|language=fr|title=Togo : Yawa Djigbodi Tségan, première femme élue présidente de l'Assemblée nationale|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=20 January 2021|publisher=Jeune Afrique}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị nke President Faure Gnassingbe, Union for the Republic (UNIR) ma bụrụkwa onye na-ahụ maka akụ kemgbe Ọktoba 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://togomatin.tg/togo-chantal-yawa-tsegan-la-femme-la-plus-puissante-de-la-politique-togolaise/|language=fr|title=Togo : Chantal Yawa Tsègan, la femme la plus puissante de la politique togolaise|publisher=TogoMatin|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=20 January 2021|archivedate=6 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306010126/https://togomatin.tg/togo-chantal-yawa-tsegan-la-femme-la-plus-puissante-de-la-politique-togolaise/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Togo elects first female head of National Assembly|publisher=Agence France Presse|url=https://www.today.ng/news/africa/togo-elects-female-head-national-assembly-189716|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=20 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara Tségan ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Nzukọ ahụ na ọnwa 23 Jenụwarị na afọ 2019 na 88 n'ime 89 vootu, ọ bụkwa nwanyị mbụ nwere ọnọdụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SABC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=SABC News|url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/togo-elects-first-female-head-of-national-assembly/|title=Togo elects first female head of National Assembly|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=20 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://apanews.net/en/news/yawa-tsegan-elected-first-female-speaker-of-togos-parliament|title=Yawa Tsegan elected first female Speaker of Togo's parliament|publisher=APA-Lome|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=20 January 2021|archivedate=17 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017121552/http://apanews.net/en/news/yawa-tsegan-elected-first-female-speaker-of-togos-parliament}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, ndị otu mmegide akatọwo ịrị elu ya n'ọkwa ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke mgbalị Gnassingbe iji see foto nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya n'agbanyeghị &quot;mgbochi na nhụjuanya&quot; na-aga n'ihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardafrica.com/africawatch/2019/2/1/faure-gnassingb-togos-master-of-tricks|title=Faure Gnassingbé: Togo's Master of Tricks|publisher=Vanguard Africa|date=4 February 2019|accessdate=20 January 2021|first=Wolali K.|author=Ahlijah}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Disemba na afọ 2020, Tségan duziri ndị Organisation internationale de la Francophonie na-akọ akụkọ banyere ntuli aka n'ozuzu na [[Niger]], na-ekwupụta na ntuli aka ahụ mere &quot;n'okpuru ọnọdụ udo na nke doro anya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.togoreveil.com/singlepost-elections-au-niger-----la-mission-d-observation-de-l-oif-conduite-par-yawa-tsegan-donne-son-quitus-au-processus-electoral-5-3143-15720|language=fr|title=Élections au Niger - LA MISSION D'OBSERVATION DE L'OIF CONDUITE PAR YAWA TSEGAN DONNE SON QUITUS AU PROCESSUS ELECTORAL|date=30 December 2020|accessdate=20 January 2021|publisher=Togo Reveil|archivedate=18 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018074432/https://www.togoreveil.com/singlepost-elections-au-niger-----la-mission-d-observation-de-l-oif-conduite-par-yawa-tsegan-donne-son-quitus-au-processus-electoral-5-3143-15720}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Tségan lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;who&quot;/&gt;

== Ebesidee ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Yawa Djigbodi Tségan on Twitter
{{TogoleseNationalAssemblySpeakers}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Aïchatou Mindaoudou</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Aïchatou Mindaoudou Souleymane''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1959) bụ onye nnọchi anya mba [[Niger|Naijiria]] na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchianya pụrụ iche nke United Nations maka [[Côte d'Ivoire]] na Onye isi nke United Nations Operation in Côte d' Côte d'vory (UNOCI) site na afo 2013 ruo na afọ 2017. N'oge gara aga, ọ bụ osote onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche (ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị) na African Union United Nations Hybrid Operation na Darfur (UNAMID) site na afọ 2011 ruona afọ 2013.

Onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị MNSD-Nassara, Mindaoudou jere ozi na gọọmentị Niger dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka mmepe ọha na eze site na afo 1995 ruo na afọ 1996; mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ bụ Minista na ihe gbasara mba ọzọ site na 1999 ruo 2000 na ọzọ site na afo 2001 ruo na afọ 2010.

== Ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba ==
N'ọchịchị mbụ nke Praịm Minista Hama Amadou, nke a kpọrọ aha na 25 Febụwarị, na afọ 1995, Mindaoudou bụ Minista nke Mmepe Ọha, Population na Ọganihu nke Ụmụ nwanyị. A chụpụrụ gọọmentị a n'ọchịchị ndị agha na 27 Jenụwarị, na afọ 1996.

Mgbe nnupụisi ọzọ gasịrị n'ọnwa Eprel, na afọ 1999, a họpụtara Mindaoudou ka ọ bụrụ Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi na njikọta Afrịka na 16 Eprel, na afọ 1999, n'okpuru ọchịchị ndị agha nke Daouda Malam Wanké. Ọ bụ ezie na etinyeghị ya na gọọmentị ọhụrụ a kpọrọ aha na Jenụwarị 5, na afọ 2000, ọ ghọrọ Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi, imekọ ihe ọnụ na njikọta Afrịka na gọọmentụ ọzọ, nke a kpọrọ aha ya na 17 Septemba, na afọ 2001.

Mindaoudou nọgidere na gọọmentị nke Praịm Minista Seyni Oumarou, onye a họpụtara na Jun, na afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị mkpebi Onye isi ala Tandja Mamadou na a ga-ewepụ ndị minista jere ozi na gọọmentụ ihe karịrị afọ ise na gọọment'oge a. E mere Mindaoudou ka ọ bụrụ onye pụrụ iche n'ihi na a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe dị mkpa ịnọgide na-aga n'ihu n'ihe omume mba ọzọ.

Oge Mindaoudou dị ka minista mba ọzọ gwụrụ na Machị, na afọ 2010 mgbe ụlọ ọrụ nke Mahamadou Danda malitere ọrụ.

== Ọrụ ya na United Nations ==
A họpụtara Mindaoudou dị ka osote onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche (ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị) na African Union United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) site n'aka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations Ban Ki-moon na onye isi oche nke African Union, Jean Ping, na 13 Mee, na afọ 2011. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, odeakwụkwọ ukwu Ban Ki-moon họpụtara ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche maka Côte d'Ivoire na onye isi nke United Nations Operation na Côte d'vory na 17 Mee, na afọ 2013.

N'afọ 2020, Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) họpụtara Mindaoudou dị ka onye isi oche (n'akụkụ [[Julienne Lusenge]]) nke kọmitii nwere onwe ya mmadụ asaa iji nyochaa nkwupụta nke mmegbu mmekọahụ na mmegbu site n'aka ndị ọrụ enyemaka n'oge ntiwapụ Ebola nke afọ 2018 na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/15/who-names-independent-body-to-investigate-congo-sex-abuse-claims Sexual Assault: WHO names independent body to investigate DRC sex abuse claims] ''[[Al Jazeera]]'', October 15, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebenside ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mindaoudou, Aïchatou}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Ọmụmụ afọ 1959]]</text>
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    <title>Victoria Okojie</title>
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'''Victoria Okojie''' bụ onye otu Nigerian Library Association (2005); International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) nke US Department of State, United States Government, USA (2008), na UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, Hamburg, [[Jémanị|Germany]] (2007).&lt;ref name=&quot;Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África|url=http://www.casafrica.es/es/persona/victoria-okojie|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=www.casafrica.es|date=10 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Osso&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Osso|first=Sera|date=2018-07-02|title=OKOJIE, Dr Victoria|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okojie-dr-victoria/|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Okojie gụsịrị nzere masta &lt;ref name=&quot;Osso&quot;/&gt; na Library Science (MLS) na Mahadum [[Ibadan]], Ibadan, tupu ọ gaa [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]], Zaria, ebe ọ gụsịrị PhD ya na Library and Information Science na 2012.

== Ọrụ ==
Ọrụ Okojie na Ọbá akwụkwọ malitere na 1984 na Mahadum Ibadan . Ọ sonyeere Kansụl Britain na 1994 wee ruo ọkwa onye nduzi na kansụl ahụ, onye Naijiria mbụ mere ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África&quot;/&gt;'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ gakwuuru World Bank, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, yana UK Department for International Development.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okojie-dr-victoria/|title=OKOJIE, Dr Victoria|date=2 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2009, Okojie sonyeere ọrụ nke Gọọmentị etiti nke Naijiria n'okpuru nchebe nke Kansụl Ndebanye aha nke Naijeria, ébé ọ ghọrọ onye ndebanye aha / ónyé ịsị óche nkè Kansụл áhụ. [https://www.ifla.org/FR/node/8695] họpụtara yá kà ọ bụrụ ónyé ịsị óche nkè Nigerian Library Association site ná 2000 ruo 2010. Okojie jere ozi dị kà Ónyé ịsị óche nkè International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Africa Section. n'etiti afọ 2011 na 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Second International Conference on African Digital Libraries and Archives (ICADLA-2)|date=November 2011|title=REMARKS FROM THE CHAIR OF THE IFLA AFRICA SECTION|url=http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/11506/1/8%20-%20REMARKS%20FROM%20THE%20CHAIR%20IFLA%20AFRICA%20REGION%20-%20Ms%20Victoria%20Okojie.pdf|journal=African Digital Libraries and Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brief of Okojie Victoria|title=cibu|url=https://cibu.dgb.unam.mx/index.php/en/?view=article&amp;id=143&amp;tmpl=component|accessdate=2022-10-20|archivedate=2022-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020201618/https://cibu.dgb.unam.mx/index.php/en/?view=article&amp;id=143&amp;tmpl=component}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2012, ọ nọ n'etiti ndị ịsị ọbá akwụkwọ iri ná abụọ zụrụ ụwa ọnụ ahọpụtara kà há ná IFLA rụọ ọrụ ná Ngalaba Ọbá Akwụkwọ na Ozi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=IFLA -- Statement of Candidacy: Victoria Okojie (Nigeria)|url=https://www.ifla.org/ES/node/11304|accessdate=2021-08-20|work=www.ifla.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; jere ozi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|date=October 2017|title=Report of 13thmeeting of the International Advisory Committee (IAC)UNESCO, Paris|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265145|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=unesdoc.unesco.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; kà ónyé ọtú IFLA na-achịkwa; Kọmitii ndụmọdụ mba ụwa, UNESCO Memory of the World Programme; [1] Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ, Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation Global Libraries Program; na West African Library Association. [2] Okojie rụkwara ọrụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://nipian.org/about/|accessdate=2023-01-05|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105131009/https://nipian.org/about/}}&lt;/ref&gt; kà ónyé nhazi mmemme nkè ndị ọkachamara ozi nkè Naịjirịa Innovation Ambassadors Network (NIPIAN). [1]

== Ònyìnyé ná nsọpụrụ ==
Okojie merìrì ìhè nrite ọrụ á ma ámá nkè Nigerian Library Association na 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Awards &amp; Honours&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-31|title=Awards &amp; Honours|url=https://victoriaokojie.org/awards-honours/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=Victoria Okojie|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518085606/https://victoriaokojie.org/awards-honours/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Osso|first=Sera|date=2018-07-02|title=OKOJIE, Dr Victoria|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okojie-dr-victoria/|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwetakwala ìhè nrite &quot;Daughter of Destiny&quot; nkè ísì nkè Oyo State nke Nigerian Library Association, na mgbakwunye ná Nigeria Youth Initiative for Transparency, Good Governance, Peace and Social Orientation (NYITGPSO) Merit Award dị kà &quot;Icon of Education&quot; nkè afọ 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;Awards &amp; Honours&quot; /&gt;'afọ 2012, Mahadum Commonwealth, Belize, nyèrè Okojie nzere doctorate, màkà ònyìnyé ya n'ọhịa nkè Ọbá Akwụkwọ ná Sayensị Ozi.

Okojie bụkwa ónyé ọtú Nigerian Library Association (2005); International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) nkè US Department of State, United States Government, USA (2008), ná UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, Hamburg, [[Jémanị|Germany]] (2007).&lt;ref name=&quot;Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Osso&quot;/&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị á họọrọ ==

* Gbaje, E. S., na V. Okojie (2011). Ntinye áká na-elekwasị ányá ná ìhè ọmụma ná ọbá akwụkwọ mahadum Naijiria. Nigerian Libraries, Vol. 44.
* Ekoja, I. I., V. O. Okojie na H. Emmanuel (2019). Ọrụ ọbá akwụkwọ mbà nkè Naijiria na-ewu mba na-agụ akwụkwọ: ìhè ịma áká ná atụmatụ. N'okwu gbasara nsogbu agụmakwụkwọ: Festschrift iji sọpụrụ ndị prọfesọ ise na-ala ezumike nká. Maisamari, A. M. et al. (ed): Abuja, University of Abuja Press. peeji nke 85-100.
* Okojie, V. na Igbinovia, O. M. (2022). Echiche zuru ụwa ọnụ banyere omume ọbá akwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide.  .  peeji nke 376.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Victoria Okojie and Magnus Osahon Igbinovia|date=2022|title=Global perspectives on sustainable library practices|url=https://www.igi-global.com/book/global-perspectives-sustainable-library-practices/298681#:~:text=Global%20Perspectives%20on%20Sustainable%20Library%20Practices%20provides%20a%20rich%20and,well%20as%20sustaining%20value%20for|accessdate=2022-01-05|publisher=IGI Global|isbn=9781668459645|archive-date=2022-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805191707/http://www.igi-global.com/book/global-perspectives-sustainable-library-practices/298681#:~:text=Global%20Perspectives%20on%20Sustainable%20Library%20Practices%20provides%20a%20rich%20and,well%20as%20sustaining%20value%20for|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Victoria Okojie, Faith Orim, Oso Oluwatoyin ná Adeyinka Tella (2020). Ohere ná ìhè ịma áká nkè ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ e-akwụkwọ na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka n'ọbá akwụkwọ: Ahụmahụ sitere ná Naịjirịa. Na Adeyinka Tailor (Ed).Handbook of Research on Digital Devices for Inclusivity and Engagement in Libraries p.208-230.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Victoria Okojie, Faith Orim, Oso Oluwatoyin and Adeyinka Tella|date=2020|title=Opportunities and Challenges of E-Book Readers and Mobile Devices in Libraries: Experiences From Nigeria|url=https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/opportunities-and-challenges-of-e-book-readers-and-mobile-devices-in-libraries/233998|accessdate=2022-01-05|doi=10.4018/978-1-5225-9034-7.ch010|archive-date=2021-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210132139/https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/opportunities-and-challenges-of-e-book-readers-and-mobile-devices-in-libraries/233998|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Adeyinka Tella, Okojie Victoria, na Olaniyi, T. (2018). Ngwá ọrụ Social Bookmarking na Digital Libraries, IGI Global.
* Adeyinka Tella, Victoria Okojie na O. T. Olaniyi (2018). Ngwá ọrụ akwụkwọ mmekọrịta ná ọbá akwụkwọ dijitalụ. Na Adeyinka Tailor na Tom Kwanya (Eds). Handbook of Research on Managing Intellectual Property in Digital Libraries, p.396-401.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Adeyinka Tella, Okojie Victoria and Olaniyi, T|title=Handbook of Research on Managing Intellectual Property in Digital Libraries|date=2018|chapter=Social Bookmarking Tools and Digital Libraries|chapterurl=https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/social-bookmarking-tools-and-digital-libraries/188559|accessdate=2023-01-05|series=Advances in Library and Information Science|pages=396–409|doi=10.4018/978-1-5225-3093-0.ch020|isbn=9781522530930}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Okojie V. na Okiy, R. (2017). Ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze ná atụmatụ mmepe ná Naịjirịa. Akwụkwọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Victoria Okojie and Rose Okiy|date=2019|title=Public Libraries And The Development Agenda In Nigeria|url=https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/2496/1/233-okojie-en.pdf|accessdate=2022-10-05|work=ifla|archivedate=2022-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006110017/https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/2496/1/233-okojie-en.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; gosipụtara ná IFLA World Library and Information Conference na Athens, Gris, peeji nke1-12 [1]
* Okojie, Victoria na Omotoso, Oladele (2013) Mmụta ná ọzụzụ nkè ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ màkà ozi: Ọrụ mmekorita nkè ndị na-ahụ Màkà Ọbá Akwụkwọ nkè Naijiria (LRCN). Akwụkwọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Okojie|first=Victoria|date=2013|title=Education and training of information professionals: the collaborative role of the Librarians' Registration Council of Nigeria (LRCN)|url=https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/205/|language=en|archive-date=2024-05-15|access-date=2023-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515214647/https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/205/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; gosipụtara ná IFLA World Library and Information Conference na Singapore. [1]

== Hụkwa ==

* Òtù Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Naijiria
* Kansụl Ndebanye aha Ónyé Ọbá Akwụkwọ nke Naịjirịa
* International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions

== Ebensibia ==
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[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Victoria Okojie''' bụ onye otu Nigerian Library Association (2005); International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) nke US Department of State, United States Government, USA (2008), na UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, Hamburg, [[Jémanị|Germany]] (2007).&lt;ref name=&quot;Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África|url=http://www.casafrica.es/es/persona/victoria-okojie|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=www.casafrica.es|date=10 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Osso&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Osso|first=Sera|date=2018-07-02|title=OKOJIE, Dr Victoria|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okojie-dr-victoria/|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Okojie gụsịrị nzere masta &lt;ref name=&quot;Osso&quot;/&gt; na Library Science (MLS) na Mahadum [[Ibadan]], Ibadan, tupu ọ gaa [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]], Zaria, ebe ọ gụsịrị PhD ya na Library and Information Science na 2012.

== Ọrụ ==
Ọrụ Okojie na Ọbá akwụkwọ malitere na 1984 na Mahadum Ibadan . Ọ sonyeere Kansụl Britain na 1994 wee ruo ọkwa onye nduzi na kansụl ahụ, onye Naijiria mbụ mere ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África&quot;/&gt;'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ gakwuuru World Bank, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, yana UK Department for International Development.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okojie-dr-victoria/|title=OKOJIE, Dr Victoria|date=2 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2009, Okojie sonyeere ọrụ nke Gọọmentị etiti nke Naijiria n'okpuru nchebe nke Kansụl Ndebanye aha nke Naijeria, ébé ọ ghọrọ onye ndebanye aha / ónyé ịsị óche nkè Kansụл áhụ. [https://www.ifla.org/FR/node/8695] họpụtara yá kà ọ bụrụ ónyé ịsị óche nkè Nigerian Library Association site ná 2000 ruo 2010. Okojie jere ozi dị kà Ónyé ịsị óche nkè International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Africa Section. n'etiti afọ 2011 na 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Second International Conference on African Digital Libraries and Archives (ICADLA-2)|date=November 2011|title=REMARKS FROM THE CHAIR OF THE IFLA AFRICA SECTION|url=http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/11506/1/8%20-%20REMARKS%20FROM%20THE%20CHAIR%20IFLA%20AFRICA%20REGION%20-%20Ms%20Victoria%20Okojie.pdf|journal=African Digital Libraries and Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brief of Okojie Victoria|title=cibu|url=https://cibu.dgb.unam.mx/index.php/en/?view=article&amp;id=143&amp;tmpl=component|accessdate=2022-10-20|archivedate=2022-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020201618/https://cibu.dgb.unam.mx/index.php/en/?view=article&amp;id=143&amp;tmpl=component}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2012, ọ nọ n'etiti ndị ịsị ọbá akwụkwọ iri ná abụọ zụrụ ụwa ọnụ ahọpụtara kà há ná IFLA rụọ ọrụ ná Ngalaba Ọbá Akwụkwọ na Ozi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=IFLA -- Statement of Candidacy: Victoria Okojie (Nigeria)|url=https://www.ifla.org/ES/node/11304|accessdate=2021-08-20|work=www.ifla.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; jere ozi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|date=October 2017|title=Report of 13thmeeting of the International Advisory Committee (IAC)UNESCO, Paris|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265145|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=unesdoc.unesco.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; kà ónyé ọtú IFLA na-achịkwa; Kọmitii ndụmọdụ mba ụwa, UNESCO Memory of the World Programme; [1] Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ, Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation Global Libraries Program; na West African Library Association. [2] Okojie rụkwara ọrụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://nipian.org/about/|accessdate=2023-01-05|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105131009/https://nipian.org/about/}}&lt;/ref&gt; kà ónyé nhazi mmemme nkè ndị ọkachamara ozi nkè Naịjirịa Innovation Ambassadors Network (NIPIAN). [1]

== Ònyìnyé ná nsọpụrụ ==
Okojie merìrì ìhè nrite ọrụ á ma ámá nkè Nigerian Library Association na 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Awards &amp; Honours&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-31|title=Awards &amp; Honours|url=https://victoriaokojie.org/awards-honours/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=Victoria Okojie|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518085606/https://victoriaokojie.org/awards-honours/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Osso|first=Sera|date=2018-07-02|title=OKOJIE, Dr Victoria|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okojie-dr-victoria/|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwetakwala ìhè nrite &quot;Daughter of Destiny&quot; nkè ísì nkè Oyo State nke Nigerian Library Association, na mgbakwunye ná Nigeria Youth Initiative for Transparency, Good Governance, Peace and Social Orientation (NYITGPSO) Merit Award dị kà &quot;Icon of Education&quot; nkè afọ 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;Awards &amp; Honours&quot; /&gt;'afọ 2012, Mahadum Commonwealth, Belize, nyèrè Okojie nzere doctorate, màkà ònyìnyé ya n'ọhịa nkè Ọbá Akwụkwọ ná Sayensị Ozi.

Okojie bụkwa ónyé ọtú Nigerian Library Association (2005); International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) nkè US Department of State, United States Government, USA (2008), ná UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, Hamburg, [[Jémanị|Germany]] (2007).&lt;ref name=&quot;Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Osso&quot;/&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị á họọrọ ==

* Gbaje, E. S., na V. Okojie (2011). Ntinye áká na-elekwasị ányá ná ìhè ọmụma ná ọbá akwụkwọ mahadum Naijiria. Nigerian Libraries, Vol. 44.
* Ekoja, I. I., V. O. Okojie na H. Emmanuel (2019). Ọrụ ọbá akwụkwọ mbà nkè Naijiria na-ewu mba na-agụ akwụkwọ: ìhè ịma áká ná atụmatụ. N'okwu gbasara nsogbu agụmakwụkwọ: Festschrift iji sọpụrụ ndị prọfesọ ise na-ala ezumike nká. Maisamari, A. M. et al. (ed): Abuja, University of Abuja Press. peeji nke 85-100.
* Okojie, V. na Igbinovia, O. M. (2022). Echiche zuru ụwa ọnụ banyere omume ọbá akwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide.  .  peeji nke 376.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Victoria Okojie and Magnus Osahon Igbinovia|date=2022|title=Global perspectives on sustainable library practices|url=https://www.igi-global.com/book/global-perspectives-sustainable-library-practices/298681#:~:text=Global%20Perspectives%20on%20Sustainable%20Library%20Practices%20provides%20a%20rich%20and,well%20as%20sustaining%20value%20for|accessdate=2022-01-05|publisher=IGI Global|isbn=9781668459645|archive-date=2022-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805191707/http://www.igi-global.com/book/global-perspectives-sustainable-library-practices/298681#:~:text=Global%20Perspectives%20on%20Sustainable%20Library%20Practices%20provides%20a%20rich%20and,well%20as%20sustaining%20value%20for|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Victoria Okojie, Faith Orim, Oso Oluwatoyin ná Adeyinka Tella (2020). Ohere ná ìhè ịma áká nkè ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ e-akwụkwọ na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka n'ọbá akwụkwọ: Ahụmahụ sitere ná Naịjirịa. Na Adeyinka Tailor (Ed).Handbook of Research on Digital Devices for Inclusivity and Engagement in Libraries p.208-230.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Victoria Okojie, Faith Orim, Oso Oluwatoyin and Adeyinka Tella|date=2020|title=Opportunities and Challenges of E-Book Readers and Mobile Devices in Libraries: Experiences From Nigeria|url=https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/opportunities-and-challenges-of-e-book-readers-and-mobile-devices-in-libraries/233998|accessdate=2022-01-05|doi=10.4018/978-1-5225-9034-7.ch010|archive-date=2021-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210132139/https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/opportunities-and-challenges-of-e-book-readers-and-mobile-devices-in-libraries/233998|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Adeyinka Tella, Okojie Victoria, na Olaniyi, T. (2018). Ngwá ọrụ Social Bookmarking na Digital Libraries, IGI Global.
* Adeyinka Tella, Victoria Okojie na O. T. Olaniyi (2018). Ngwá ọrụ akwụkwọ mmekọrịta ná ọbá akwụkwọ dijitalụ. Na Adeyinka Tailor na Tom Kwanya (Eds). Handbook of Research on Managing Intellectual Property in Digital Libraries, p.396-401.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Adeyinka Tella, Okojie Victoria and Olaniyi, T|title=Handbook of Research on Managing Intellectual Property in Digital Libraries|date=2018|chapter=Social Bookmarking Tools and Digital Libraries|chapterurl=https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/social-bookmarking-tools-and-digital-libraries/188559|accessdate=2023-01-05|series=Advances in Library and Information Science|pages=396–409|doi=10.4018/978-1-5225-3093-0.ch020|isbn=9781522530930}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Okojie V. na Okiy, R. (2017). Ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze ná atụmatụ mmepe ná Naịjirịa. Akwụkwọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Victoria Okojie and Rose Okiy|date=2019|title=Public Libraries And The Development Agenda In Nigeria|url=https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/2496/1/233-okojie-en.pdf|accessdate=2022-10-05|work=ifla|archivedate=2022-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006110017/https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/2496/1/233-okojie-en.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; gosipụtara ná IFLA World Library and Information Conference na Athens, Gris, peeji nke1-12 [1]
* Okojie, Victoria na Omotoso, Oladele (2013) Mmụta ná ọzụzụ nkè ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ màkà ozi: Ọrụ mmekorita nkè ndị na-ahụ Màkà Ọbá Akwụkwọ nkè Naijiria (LRCN). Akwụkwọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Okojie|first=Victoria|date=2013|title=Education and training of information professionals: the collaborative role of the Librarians' Registration Council of Nigeria (LRCN)|url=https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/205/|language=en|archive-date=2024-05-15|access-date=2023-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515214647/https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/205/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; gosipụtara ná IFLA World Library and Information Conference na Singapore. [1]

== Ebensibia ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>twgrhdzzhh9slxtbo90ap4zgcfugi9f</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Sayvhior</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>24351</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-14T15:31:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>4554</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tech News: 2026-38 */ nkeji ohúrù</comment>
      <origin>725710</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44202" sha1="9s29o21fs2alb2i2jz8p59lqsfqqeso" xml:space="preserve">== Ihe nrite Onye Ntinyeaka  ==


{| style=&quot;background-color: #CEF2D4; border: 10px solid Green;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Bronzewiki 2 za zásluhy.png|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''Onye ntụgharị Ukwu nke afọ 2022'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | Anyị n'ekele gị maka ọrụ ị na-arụ na &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 Wikipidia Igbo]&lt;/span&gt;. '''Daalụ maka ịtụgharị edemede karịrị iri isii'''. Ị mere nke ọma, jisie ike! 
[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 11:29, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC)
|}

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

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== Ihe nrite maka gị! ==

{| style=&quot;border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #ffffff;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle;&quot; | [[File:Cleanup Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&quot; | '''The Cleanup Barnstar'''
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|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&quot; | Daalụ nke ukwuu maka ị dị uchu na ntinye aka gị n'ihe omume '''72 Hours Marathon Edit-a-thon.''' Ndezigharị gị na-enye aka idozi Igbo Wikipedia. Nrite a bụ ekele maka nnukwu ntinye aka gị. Gaa n’ihu na-achakepụ! [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 09:32, 2 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
|}

:Daalụ riine maka onyinye a [[Ojiarụ:Sayvhior|Sayvhior]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Sayvhior|ṅkátá]]) 10:00, 2 Jụn 2025 (UTC)

== Fatima Sacko ==

請修正，謝謝。 [[Ojiarụ:HanTsî|HanTsî]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:HanTsî|ṅkátá]]) 09:13, 13 Julaị 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077]
* DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), templates (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), HTML and parser tags (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), and magic words (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews.
* The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-helpusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-help&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604]
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533]
* From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the &quot;User&quot; namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:49, 27 Julaị 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30856308 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&amp;uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518]
* The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-readinglists&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia.
* Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698]
* The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:46, 3 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30872536 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting &quot;{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}&quot; in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001]
* Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;cldsort=timestamp&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:45, 10 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30901051 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;w:bol:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921]
* Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:04, 17 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30922806 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783]
* In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#uic:}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Userlinks}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466]
* Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs when specifically using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs can still be accessed and used without &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Specified user page URLs (e.g. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;User:Myusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) can still be used with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386]
* Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;librsvg&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 2.60 and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ImageMagick&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:45, 24 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28.
* At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors.
* Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;onlyredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;withredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;incategory:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;intitle:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;insource:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089]
* The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;deepcat&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465]
* The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service.

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:53, 31 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the &quot;[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]&quot; option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback.
* The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&amp;sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&amp;project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549]
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:0&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704]
*  All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option, as gadgets are always loaded through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:44, 7 Septemba 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-38&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]].
* The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a &quot;read more&quot; button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks.
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:31, 14 Septemba 2026 (UTC)
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    <title>Mariama Mamane</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Mariama Mamane|birth_place=[[Niger River]]|alma_mater=[[University of Niamey]]|organization=Jacigreen|known_for=Agricultural and ecological engineering}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''Mariama Mamane''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu na injinia si [[Niger]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-07-23|title=Persistence pays: powering a green economy|url=http://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/persistence-pays-powering-green-economy|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=UNEP|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-05-01|title=Jacigreen : la dépollueuse du fleuve Niger|url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/region-39772719|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=BBC News Afrique|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mamane guzobere ụlọ ọrụ Jacigreen ma rite ọtụtụ ihe nrite ọhụrụ maka ọrụ ya iji melite ọnọdụ gburugburu osimiri.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Mamane n'aka nne nwere nzere masta na ndụ na sayensị ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2016-11-29|title=A Ouagadougou, une élève ingénieure veut produire de l'électricité avec la jacinthe d'eau|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2016/11/29/a-ouagadougou-une-eleve-ingenieure-veut-produire-de-l-electricite-avec-la-jacinthe-d-eau_5040185_3212.html|accessdate=2022-02-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mamane tolitere n'akụkụ [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Osimiri]] Niger n'obodo ya bụ Niamey, ma na 2020 ọ bi na [[Burkina Faso]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UN Environment Young Champion of the Earth for Africa: Mariama Mamane|url=https://gdc.unicef.org/resource/un-environment-young-champion-earth-africa-mariama-mamane|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=UNICEF Global Development Commons|language=en|archivedate=2023-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304094655/https://gdc.unicef.org/resource/un-environment-young-champion-earth-africa-mariama-mamane}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; O nwere akara ugo mmụta na biodiversity na njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi na Mahadum Niamey.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 2016, Mamane ritere ihe nrite Entrepreneurial Journey site na ''International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering'' (nke a makwaara dị ka 2iE) wee guzobe ụlọ ọrụ Jacigreen ma debanye aha ya na Ouagadougou.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2017-12-11|title=Produire de l'énergie à partir de la jacinthe, le projet &quot;Jacigreen&quot; de Mariama Mamane|url=http://www.commodafrica.com/11-12-2017-produire-de-lenergie-partir-de-la-jacinthe-le-projet-jacigreen-de-mariama-mamane|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=Commodafrica|archivedate=2022-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220183457/http://www.commodafrica.com/11-12-2017-produire-de-lenergie-partir-de-la-jacinthe-le-projet-jacigreen-de-mariama-mamane}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|title=Mariama Mamane {{!}} CoalitionWILD|url=https://coalitionwild.org/project-leader/mariama-mamane/,%20https://coalitionwild.org/project-leader/mariama-mamane/|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=Coalition Wild|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=When invasive plants produce some great ideas!|url=https://www.livingcircular.veolia.com/en/inspirations/when-invasive-plants-produce-some-great-ideas|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=Living Circular|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-07-30|title=Magugu maji ni kula yangu, ni mtaji wangu - Mariama Mamane|url=https://news.un.org/sw/story/2019/07/1063451|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=Habari za UN|language=sw|archivedate=2023-05-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527030151/https://news.un.org/sw/story/2019/07/1063451}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jacigreen na-arụ ọrụ iji gbanwee hyacinth na-awakpo n'ime fatịlaịza na compost na biogas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; A na-eji biogas eme ihe na generators iji mepụta ọkụ eletrik.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 2016, Mamane nwetakwara ihe nrite purụ iche nke ndị ọkacha mmasị na African Rethink Awards.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2017, e nyere Mamane onyinye United Nations Environment Programme nke a kpọrọ Young Champions of the Earth Prize.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Moyouzame|first=Aisha|date=7 March 2020|title=Au Niger, Mariama Mamane transforme les plantes nuisibles en électricité et en biogaz|url=http://news.aniamey.com/h/96538.html|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=aniamey.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Ihe nrite ahụ ruru $ 15,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Meet UN's 'Young Champions Of The Earth'|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/meet-uns-young-champions-of-the-earth-1784375|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Environnement : La nigérienne Mariama Mamane, championne de la terre pour l'Afrique - leFaso.net|url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?page=web-tv-video&amp;id_article=80888&amp;rubrique216|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=lefaso.net|archivedate=2022-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220183448/https://lefaso.net/spip.php?page=web-tv-video&amp;id_article=80888&amp;rubrique216}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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[[Usòrò:Africa_water_challege.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|N'ọtụtụ mba n'Africa, ololo jerry can nke a na-eji ebu mmiri site na otu ebe ga ebe ozo ma birikwa ya echekwa mmiri bụ ezigbo nhọrọ maka nchekwa dị ntukwasi obi ]]
'''Mmiri na mba Africa''' bụ isi okwu dị oke mkpa na-agụnye isi iyi, nkesa na ojiji akụ na ụba na uru mmiri baru na he onwunwe mmiri na kọntinent ahụ. N'ozuzu, [[Eluàlà|mba Africa]] nwere ihe dị ka pecenti itolu nke mmiri dị ọcha n'ụwa na pecenti iri na isii nke ndị bi n'ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/cooperation-in-international-waters-in-africa|title=Cooperation in International Waters in Africa (CIWA)|work=www.worldbank.org|accessdate=2016-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti osimiri ya bụ Congo, Naịl, Zambezi, Niger na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, nke a na-ewere dị ka ọdọ mmiri nke abụọ kachasị nnukwu n'ụwa nile. Na agbanyeghị nke a, kọntinent ahụ bụ nke abụọ kachasị nwe ala akọrọ n'ụwa, ọtụtụ nde ndị Afrịka ka na-ata ahụhụ site na ụkọ mmiri n'afọ niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Water in Africa|url=https://studyres.com/doc/1079263/water-in-africa|accessdate=2020-11-28|work=studyres.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Bottle_of_LIFE.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Ụmụaka abụọ na Cameroon na-aṅụ mmiri site na karama mmiri plastik. N'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Africa, ebe enweghị ihe ndị a pụrụ ịdabere na ya gbasara ịdị ọcha mmiri, ọtụtụ obodo na-adabere na mmiri dị n'ime karama ma ọ bụ mmiri ọṅụṅụ a na-ebugharị n'ụdị ndị ọzọ, dị ka akpa mmiri. Ihe ndị a na-akpatakarị mmetọ plastik n'ihi na-enweghị ihe ndị ọzọ eji plastik eme ma añuchaa mmiri dị na ya ma obu ikpokonata dọtí n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Stoler|first=Justin|date=2012|title=Sachet drinking water in Ghana's Accra-Tema metropolitan area: past, present, and future|journal=Journal of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Development|volume=2|issue=4|pages=10.2166/washdev.2012.104|doi=10.2166/washdev.2012.104|issn=2043-9083|pmid=24294481}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lerner|first=Sharon|date=2020-04-19|title=Africa's Exploding Plastic Nightmare: As Africa Drowns in Garbage, the Plastics Business Keeps Booming|url=https://theintercept.com/2020/04/19/africa-plastic-waste-kenya-ethiopia/|accessdate=2022-03-06|work=The Intercept|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
A na-ekwu na ụkọ ndị a bụ nsogbu sitere nkesa na-adịghị mma, mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ajọ nlekọta nke ihe ndị enyeburu enye. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ana enwe obere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ bi ebe e nwere nnukwu mmiri. Iji nwee maatụ, pasent iri atọ nke mmiri nke kọntinent ahụ dị na ndagwurugwu Congo nke naanị pasent iri nke ndị Afrịka bi na ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Anthony Gachanja, Pedro Mastrangelo, Kevin Mcguigan, Presthantie Naicker and Feleke Zewge|url=https://www.rsc.org/search-results/?q=Africa%27s%20Water%20Quality%3A%20A%20chemical%20Science%20Perspective|title=Africa's Water Quality: A Chemical Science Perspective|publisher=Pan Africa Chemistry Network, Royal Society of Chemistry|year=2010|location=London|pages=8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Water in Africa|url=https://studyres.com/doc/1079263/water-in-africa|accessdate=2020-11-28|work=studyres.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere nnukwu ọdịiche na usoro mmiri ozuzo a hụrụ n'ebe dị iche iche na oge dị iche iche. Enwekwara ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu etu anwụ si amị mmiri n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mpaghara ahụ na-akpata pasentị dị ala nke mmiri ozuzo n'ebe ndị dị otú ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-03-19|title=Water in Africa|url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa|accessdate=2020-11-28|work=African Studies Centre Leiden|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Na agbanyeghi , enwere nnukwu mgbanwe n'etiti na n'ime afọ nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ihe onwunwe mmiri niile, yabụ ọ bụ ezie na mpaghara ụfọdụ nwere mmiri zuru ezu, mpaghara Sahara Africa na-enwe ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka metụtara mmiri ihu nke na-egbochi uto akụ na ụba ma na-eyi ndụ nke ndị ya egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọrụ ugbo [[Oru ugbo|A]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;frica na-adaberekari na ọrụ ugbo mmiri ozuzo, na ihe na-erughị pecenti iri nke ala a na-akọ ugbo na kọntinent ahụ na-agba mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/cooperation-in-international-waters-in-africa|title=Cooperation in International Waters in Africa (CIWA)|work=www.worldbank.org|accessdate=2016-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na mgbanwe dị oke egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Isi iyi nke ọkụ eletrik bụ hydropower, nke na-enye aka nke ukwuu na ikike arụnyere ugbu a maka ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Kainji Dam bụ ihe na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik maka nnukwu obodo niile dị na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] yana mba ya na ha gbara agbata obi, [[Niger]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-10-14|title=An inside look at Kainji Dam|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam|accessdate=2020-11-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam|archivedate=2012-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, itinye ego na-aga n'ihu n'ime afọ iri gara aga, nke mụbara oke ọkụ eletrik a na-emepụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ụzọ aga esi merie ihe ịma aka nke mmiri maka ike na nchekwa nri na enwe -mgbochi site na adịghị ike na akụrụngwa mmiri, mmepe, na ikike njikwa iji gboo mkpa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eto ngwa ngwa. Nke a na-agbakwunye n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na Africa bu mba nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ obodo kachasị emepe ọsọ ọsọ n'ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/africa-s-urban-population-growth-trends-and-projections|title=Africa's urban population growth: trends and projections|author=Rafei|first=Leila|date=2014-10-29|work=The Data Blog|language=en|accessdate=2016-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmepe na njikwa mmiri dị mgbagwoju anya karịa n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe onwunwe mmiri na-agafe ókèala (osimiri, ọdọ mmiri na aquifers).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ihe dị ka pasent iri asaa na ise nke Afrịka ndịda Sahara dabara n'ime étíti iri ise na atọ nke mba ụwa nke na-agafe ọtụtụ ókèala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/cooperation-in-international-waters-in-africa|title=Cooperation in International Waters in Africa (CIWA)|work=www.worldbank.org|accessdate=2016-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A pụkwara ịgbanwe ihe mgbochi a ka ọ bụrụ ohere ma ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ikike maka imekọ ihe ọnụ gafere ókèala eme ihe na mmepe nke ihe onwunwe mmiri nke mpaghara ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nnyocha ọtụtụ ngalaba nke Osimiri Zambezi, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-egosi na imekọ ihe ọnụ nke osimiri nwere ike iduga na mmụba pecenti iri abụo na atọ na mmepụta ike ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị itinye ego ọ bụla ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; E nwere ọtụtụ usoro ụlọ ọrụ na nke iwu maka imekọ ihe ọnụ gafere ókèala, dị ka Zambezi River Authority, Southern African Development Community (SADC) Protocol, Volta River Authority na Nile Basin Commission.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Otú ọ dị, a chọrọ mgbalị ndị ọzọ iji zụlite ọchịchọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, yana ikike ego na usoro ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa maka mmeri mmeri na mmeri ọtụtụ ọrụ na ngwọta kachasị mma maka ndị niile bi n'akụkụ ikpere mmiri ma ọbu ndị nwere oke ala n'ikpere mmiri .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Usòrò:Congobasinmap.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Congo Basin bụ osimiri nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na oshimírí ndị kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa nke kpuchiri ihe karịrị pecenti iri na abuo nke kọntinent Afrịka]]
[[Usòrò:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Pọmpụ obodo (ebe akwụ arụ mmiri) maka mmiri ọṅụṅụ na Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. Mee 2005.]]
Mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado mmiri na ihe ndị dị ndụ na mpaghara Sahara Africa karịsịa n'ihi na ọ dị mfe nnweta , izu oke ya, n'ozuzu ya dị elu, na ikike dị mkpa iji gbochie oge ụkọ mmiri na ịbawanye mgbanwe ihu igwe.

N'ihe ndị a niile, enweghị ọtụtụ isi iyi na enye mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị ọcha na mba Africa, otu n'ime nyocha ndị e mere na 2007 gosiri na ihe karịrị pecenti iri anọ nke ndị Afrịka na-eji mmiri dị n'okpuru ala dị ka isi iyi mmiri ọṅụṅụ ha, ọkachasị na mba ndị dị n'ebe Ugwu na Ndịda Afrịka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-03-19|title=Water in Africa|url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa|accessdate=2020-11-26|work=African Studies Centre Leiden|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Xu|first=Yongxin|date=2019-05-01|title=Preface: Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa|journal=Hydrogeology Journal|language=en|volume=27|issue=3|pages=815–822|doi=10.1007/s10040-019-01977-2|issn=1435-0157}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=MacDonald|first=A M|date=2012-06-01|title=Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa|journal=Environmental Research Letters|volume=7|issue=2|pages=024009|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009|issn=1748-9326}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ndị metụtara mmiri na ihu igwe nke mpaghara ọ bụla e nyere na-ekpebi nnweta na mmejuputa nke mmiri dị n'okpuru ala, ubara mmiri na ịdị mma nke mmiri dị na ala n'ọdịnihu na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ojiji ala na omume nchịkwa nke obodo viii n'ime mpaghara mmiri dị n&quot;okpuru ala.

Mmiri ọkpọkọ ka bụ ụzọ kachasị mkpa esi enweta mmiri ọṅụṅụ (pecenti iri atọ na itoolu) n'obodo ndị mepere emepe, mana mmiri nke eji aka ma ọbu njin gwuputa na ala na-aghọwanye ihe dị mkpa (pecenti iri abụo na anọ).&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-03-19|title=Water in Africa|url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa|accessdate=2020-11-26|work=African Studies Centre Leiden|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa &quot;Water in Africa&quot;]. ''African Studies Centre Leiden''. 2012-03-19&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-11-26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; WHO , ndị ọkachamara na ihe gbasara ahụ ike (2006) kwuru na, na 2004, naanị pecenti iri isii nke ndị mmadụ nọ na mpaghara Sahara Africa nwere ike ịnweta mmiri ọṅụṅụ site na njikọ ụlọ (pọmpụ me ụlọ ma ọ bụ pọmpụ dị n'ogige ebe ndị mmadụ bikọtarụ ọnụ). Ọbụna mgbe enwere mmiri n'ebe ndị a, ọ naghị adị mfe ndị mmadụ inweta ezigbo mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị ọcha n'ihi na enwere ihe ize ndụ nke mmetọ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe. Ihe ndị dị ka mmezi na-adịghị mma n'ihi obere ego, mmetọ na adịghị ọcha mgbe ụfọdụ n'ihi ụkọ ego. Mgbe a na-ewu olulu mmiri ma mepụta ụlọ ọrụ nhicha mmiri, mgbe ụfọdụ, a naghị eme nnwale mmiri mgbe niile dị ka ọ dị mkpa, na ejeghị akwụkwọ n'etiti ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe isi iyi mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Water In Crisis - Spotlight Africa: Rural and Urban Issues|url=https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa|accessdate=2020-11-26|work=The Water Project|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Africa_Precipitation_Map.svg|thumb|Mmiri ozuzo nke Africa]]
Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na 2015 kọrọ na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ naarị na iri ise na itoolu nwetara mmiri nke ana emezighị ọfuma site na ọdọ mmiri dị n'elu ala, ọdọ mmiri, osimiri na iyi n'ụwa niile. Isi iyi mmiri dị n'elu ala n'Africa na-emetọkarị mgbe ụfọdụ. Ihe ndị dị ka nsị, mmetọ mmanụ, ihe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe wụpụtaru. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Niger Delta nke bụ ebe ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na emepụta mmanụ Naịjirịa dị nke a na-ewepụta ihe dị ka nde barel mmanụ abụo n'ógbè ahụ kwa ụbọchị, emetọla mmiri n'ihi mmanụ na gbanye na mmiri.</text>
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    <title>Issake Dabore</title>
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      <text bytes="9276" sha1="3pmzi21l2r5dj7rdm1ocbkelkg0vd38" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Issake Dabore (1940 na 25 Disemba 2021) bụ onye na-akụ ọkpọ si [[Niger]] onye na-alụkarị ọgụ na klas ndị dị arọ na ndị dị arịọ. Dabore sonyere n'egwuregwu Olimpik atọ; Tokyo nke afọ 1964, [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] City nke afọ 1968 na Munich nke afọ 1972. Ọ bụ onye Niger mbụ na-asọmpi n'egwuregwu Olimpik na onye Naijeria mbụ meriri nrite Olimpik. Dabore meriri ihe nrite Olympic ya na egwuregwu olimpịk nke afọ 1972 ebe o meriri ọla nchara na ụmụ nwoke na-adịghị arọ.

== Ịsọ mpi ==

=== Summer Olympics nke afọ 1964 ===
Na Summer Olympics nke afọ 1964 na Tokyo, [[Japan]], Dabore sonyere na asọmpi ụmụ nwoke.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/da/issaka-dabore-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418010040/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/da/issaka-dabore-1.html|archivedate=18 April 2020|title=Issaka Daboré|publisher=[[Sports Reference]]|accessdate=5 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site n'ime nke a, ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ si Niger nwee nsonye na-asọmpi na Olimpik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niger SR overview&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/NIG/|title=Niger|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=5 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624113344/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/NIG/|archivedate=24 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dabore bụ naanị onye na-eme egwuregwu si Niger nke sonyere n'egwuregwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;1964 Niger overview&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/NIG/summer/1964/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417093224/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/NIG/summer/1964/|archivedate=17 April 2020|title=Niger at the 1964 Tokyo Summer Games|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=5 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na asọmpi ya, Dabore meriri Hong Tshun Fu nke Taiwan na agba nke mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt; Dabore meriri n'ọgụ ahụ n'ihi nkwụsịtụ teknụzụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt; Na agba nke abụọ, nke ndị egwuregwu iri na isii sonyere na ya, Dabore meriri ma merie Hans-Erik Pedersen nke Denmark.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt; Dabore meriri ọgụ ahụ ọzọ n'ihi nkwụsịtụ teknụzụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt; Na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ e mere na 19 Ọktoba 1964, Dabore meriri Pertti Purhonen bụ onye meriri Frank Roberts nke [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na Bohumil Němeček nke Czechoslovak iji ruo nkeji iri na anọ nke ikpeazụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt; Purhonen meriri n'ọgụ ahụ n'afọ nke atọ na, ya mere, e wepụrụ Dabore.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt; Marian Kasprzyk nke Poland mechara merie asọmpi ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1964/BOX/mens-welterweight.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418132206/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1964/BOX/mens-welterweight.html|archivedate=18 April 2020|title=Boxing at the 1964 Tokyo Summer Games: Men's Welterweight|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=5 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Egwuregwu Afrịka niile nke afọ 1965 ===
N'afọ 1965 All-Africa Games na Brazzaville, Dabore sonyere na asọmpi nke ndị dị arọ. O meriri nrite ọlaọcha, Joseph Bessala nke [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] meriri ya na nke ikpeazụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Championships/AllAfricaGames1965.html|title=1.All-Africa Games - Brazzaville, Congo - July 18-25 1965|publisher=amateur-boxing.strefa.pl|date=|accessdate=2017-07-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 1968 Summer Olympics ===
Na 1968 Summer Olympics na Mexico City, Mexico, Dabore sonyere na asọmpi ụmụ nwoke na-adịghị arọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị Naijiria abụọ na-asọmpi n'egwuregwu ahụ, ya na onye ọkpọ nwoke ibe ya bụ Dary Dasuda bụ onye nke ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/NIG/summer/1968/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417093225/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/NIG/summer/1968/|archivedate=17 April 2020|title=Niger at the 1968 Ciudad de México Summer Games|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=5 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na agba nke abụọ nke asọmpi ya (ọ nwere bye na nke mbụ), Dabore meriri José Marín nke Costa Rica.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1968/BOX/mens-light-welterweight-round-one.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417181131/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1968/BOX/mens-light-welterweight-round-one.html|archivedate=17 April 2020|title=Boxing at the 1968 Ciudad de México Summer Games: Men's Light-Welterweight Round One|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=5 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt; Dabore meriri n'ọgụ ahụ 5o0 wee gaa n'ihu na agba nke atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt; Na agba nke atọ, Dabore meriri Yevgeny Frolov nke Soviet Union.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt; Ya mere, e wepụrụ Dabore na asọmpi ahụ; asọmpi nke Jerzy Kulej nke Poland mechara merie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1968/BOX/mens-light-welterweight.html|title=Boxing at the 1968 Ciudad de México Summer Games: Men's Light-Welterweight|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=5 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823071231/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1968/BOX/mens-light-welterweight.html|archivedate=23 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 1972 Summer Olympics ===
Na 1972 Summer Olympics na Munich, Germany, Dabore sonyere na asọmpi ụmụ nwoke na-agba ọsọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SR Profile&quot; /&gt; Dabore bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu anọ si Niger bụ ndị sonyere n'egwuregwu nke afọ 1972.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niger 72&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/NIG/summer/1972/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417055239/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/NIG/summer/1972/|archivedate=17 April 2020|title=Niger at the 1972 München Summer Games|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=5 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị egwuregwu atọ ndị ọzọ; Mayaki Seydou, Harouna Lago na Issoufou Habou; niile bụkwa ndị ọkpọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niger 72&quot; /&gt; Dabore bu ọkọlọtọ obodo Niger n'omume mmeghe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niger SR overview&quot; /&gt; Na agba nke mbụ nke asọmpi ya, Dabore lụsoro Odartey Lawson nke Ghana ọgụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niger 72&quot; /&gt; Dabore meriri Lawson n'ihi nkwụsịtụ teknụzụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niger 72&quot; /&gt; Na agba nke abụọ, Dabore meriri South Korean Park Tai-Shik, ọzọ n'ihi nkwụsịtụ teknụzụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niger 72&quot; /&gt; Na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ, Dabore zutere Kyoji Shinohara nke Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niger 72&quot; /&gt; Dabore meriri n'ọgụ ahụ n'agba atọ karịrị nke Kyoji bụ abụọ iji gaa na ọkara ikpeazụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niger 72&quot; /&gt; Na ọkara ikpeazụ ya, Dabore zutere onye Bulgaria Angel Angelov.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niger 72&quot; /&gt; Angelov meriri n'ọgụ ahụ 5-0 ya mere, e ji wepụ Dabore.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niger 72&quot; /&gt; Dabore, ya na onye ọzọ meriri na ọkara ikpeazụ, Zvonimir Vujin nke Yugoslavia, meriri ọla nchara.&lt;ref name=&quot;bronze 72&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1972/BOX/mens-light-welterweight.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418132228/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1972/BOX/mens-light-welterweight.html|archivedate=18 April 2020|title=Boxing at the 1972 München Summer Games: Men's Light-Welterweight|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=5 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nrite Dabore bụ ihe nrite Olympic mbụ nke obodo Niger.&lt;ref name=&quot;first medal&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.looppng-sb.com/content/nigers-silver-medallist-dedicates-taekwondo-success-family-after-cousins-death|title=Niger's silver medallist dedicates taekwondo success to family after cousin's death|work=Loop|date=25 August 2016|accessdate=5 November 2016|author=Taule, Troy|archive-date=5 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105162722/http://www.looppng-sb.com/content/nigers-silver-medallist-dedicates-taekwondo-success-family-after-cousins-death|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2016, ọ bụ naanị otu onye ọzọ na-eme egwuregwu Niger enwetala ihe nrite Olympic.&lt;ref name=&quot;first medal&quot; /&gt; Nke ahụ bụ [[Abdoul Razak Issoufou]], onye ritere ihe nrite ọlaọcha na 2016 Summer Olympics na egwuregwu Taekwondo.&lt;ref name=&quot;first medal&quot; /&gt;

=== Egwuregwu Afrịka nke afọ 1973 ===
N'egwuregwu mba Afrika niile nke afọ 1973 na [[Lagos]], Dabore sonyere na asọmpi nke ndi dị arọ. O meriri nrite ọlaọcha, Obisia Nwankpa nke [[Naijiria]] meriri ya na nke ikpeazụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Championships/AllAfricaGames1973.html|title=2.All-Africa Games - Lagos, Nigeria - January 7-18 1973|publisher=amateur-boxing.strefa.pl|date=|accessdate=2017-07-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist|30em}}{{S-start}}
{{s-sports|oly}}
{{succession box|before=|title=[[List of flag bearers for Niger at the Olympics|Flagbearer]] for {{NIG}}|years=[[1972 Summer Olympics|1972 Munich]]|after=[[Boubagar Soumana]]}}
{{S-end}}</text>
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    <title>Kassaly Daouda</title>
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      <text bytes="3062" sha1="508f2f4bybuf1eum63o0ks557qxh858" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Kassaly Daouda''' (amụrụ ya n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1983) bụ onye Nijeria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka [[Footbọl|onye]] na-eche goolu maka klọb Naijiria Katsina United .

== Ọrụ ya ==
A mụrụ ya na Dosso, Niger, Daouda malitere ọrụ ya na Olympic FC de Niamey, a họpụtakwara ya maka ndị ntorobịa mba n'afọ 1996, wee rịgoro na ndị otu mba zuru ezu n'afọ 1998. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2002 ọ nwetara akara mbụ ya, ọ bụkwa onye na-agbachitere ndị na-agba ọsọ na Niger kemgbe ahụ. N'ịgbanwe ka ọ bụrụ onye na-edebe goolu maka Olympic FC zuru ezu, akụkụ Daouda bụ onye mmeri league mba, mgbe ahụ ndị na-esote n'afọ 1999. N'afọ 2001, Daouda sonyeere ndị otu Niamey na-asọmpi Sahel SC, dịka onye mbụ ha gara n'ihu merie asọmpi mba atọ na iko mba abụọ. Ọ kwagara na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ klọb Cameroon Cotonsport Garoua n'afọ 2006 wee gbaa bọọlụ n'afọ 2007 CAF Champions League&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espnsoccernet.fr/news/story?id=615719|title=French Ligue 1 Scores, News, Stats, Fixtures and Tables&amp;nbsp;– ESPN Soccernet|publisher=Espnsoccernet.fr|date=|accessdate=2012-08-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'azụ ihe ịga nke ọma ya na Cotonsport, a họpụtara Daouda dị ka onye egwuregwu bọọlụ kacha mma nke afọ na Niger n'afọ 2008.

Na 4 Febụwarị 2009, ọ si na Cotonsport Garoua kwaga Rapid Bucharest na mgbazinye ego, na oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2009 laghachiri na Cotonspor Garoua.

Na Septemba 2012, Daouda bịnyere aka na klọb egwuregwu South African Premier Soccer League Chippa United.

Ọ nọgidere na-abụ onye na-amalite ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Niger n'oge ha ruru eru maka 2012 African Cup of Nations, na asọmpi ahụ n'onwe ya, yana nke afọ 2013 African Cup of Nation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/competition/orange-can-2013_2013/news/16246-kassaly--we-will-fight-to-qualify-to-the-next-roundo.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118074140/http://www.cafonline.com/competition/orange-can-2013_2013/news/16246-kassaly--we-will-fight-to-qualify-to-the-next-roundo.html|archivedate=2013-01-18|title=Kassaly - We will fight to qualify to the next round - Orange CAN 2013 2013 - CAF}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Disemba 2018, Daouda bịnyere aka na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Njikọ ndị ọkachamara bọọlụ na Naịjirịa Katsina United.&lt;ref name=&quot;today.ng&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.today.ng/sport/football/niger-republic-goalkeeper-kassaly-daouda-katsina-united-medical-177251|title = Niger Republic goalkeeper Kassaly Daouda for Katsina United medical|date = 9 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Kassaly Daouda – FIFA competition record (archived)
* Kassaly Daouda at National-Football-Teams.com
* [http://www.cafonline.com/competition/orange-can-2013_2013/news/16246-kassaly--we-will-fight-to-qualify-to-the-next-roundo.html Ajụjụ ọnụ Kassaly Daouda]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kourouma Fatoukouma</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Kourouma Fatoukouma''' (amụrụ ya na 7 Nọvemba 1986) bụ onye bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ, onye na-agba dịka [[Footbọl|onye nno]] n'azụ na aka ekpe. A mụrụ ya na obodo France, ọ nọrọ na gbakwara ndị otu mba Niger na nkeji otu mba ụwa.

== Ọrụ klọb ya ==
Fatoukouma sonyeere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụFC Jazz nke obodo Finnish nke atọ Kakkonen n'ọnwa Eprel 2019 mgbe afọ atọ gachara na Musan Salama, otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ọzọ dị na obodo Pori.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kokemusta takalinjoille|url=https://fcjazz.com/fi-fi/article/uutinen/kokemusta-takalinjoille/613/|publisher=FC Jazz|date=11 April 2019|accessdate=20 April 2019|language=fi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ihe ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ọrụ ya ==

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Niger na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara nsonazu mgbe gọọlụ Fatoukouma ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ goolu mba ụwa nke Kourouma Fatoukouma nyere&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/48804/Kourouma_Fatoukouma.html|title=Fatoukouma, Kourouma|publisher=National Football Teams|accessdate=2 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ndị a tụrụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1
|15 Nọvemba 2013
|Ogige Olimpik nke Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| Libya
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1 0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1 1 1 1
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Kourouma Fatoukouma at National-Football-Teams.com
* Kourouma Fatoukouma at Soccerway
{{Niger squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Moussa Maâzou</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Ouwo Moussa''' Maâzou(amụrụ ya n'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1988) nke a maara nke ọma dị ka '''Moussa Maôzou''', bụ [[Footbọl|onye]] [[Niger|Nijeria]] na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba n'ihu na klọb ndị [[France]] FC Bassin Piennois.

== Ọrụ ya ==
Maazou malitere ọrụ ya dị elu dị ka onye egwuregwu na klọb ndị agha Niger, ASFAN nke Niamey. N'afọ 2005, 2006 Maazou gbara goolu iri na asaa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.planeteafrique.com/Niger/index.asp?affiche=News_Display_R.asp&amp;ArticleID=5014&amp;s=Republicain&amp;rub=Sport TRANSFERT DE MÂAZOU OUWO AU CSKA DE MOSCOU La réaction du Colonel Djibrilla Hima Hamidou dit Pélé]. Republicain (Niger) 14 janvier 2009&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2006 na ASFAN, ọ gbara goolu iri abụọ na egwuregwu iri atọ na anọ.&lt;ref&gt;Note: Niger league runs from late December to July or August&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090202115955/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=981893.html#maazou+taking+belgium+storm Maazou taking Belgium by storm] (FIFA.com) Thursday 18 December 2008&lt;/ref&gt;
Na Jenụwarị 2008, akụkụ Belgian Sporting Lokeren bịanyere aka na ya. Ọ gbara ọkpụ isii n'ime egwuregwu itoolu mbụ ya. Na 3 January 2009 Maâzou bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na CSKA Moscow. Klọb ahụ kwụrụ Sporting Lokeren €4.8m maka Maâzou. Enyere ya ego ozugbo na Lokeren ruo 1 Julaị 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.footgoal.net/suite.php?selection=36090|title=Maazou : « Je veux jouer au CSKA à partir du 1 février » &amp;#124; FOOTGOAL : Le webzine n°1 de l'actualité du Football Belge et International|accessdate=2014-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413124558/http://www.footgoal.net/suite.php?selection=36090|archivedate=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe CSKA ruru eru maka agba nke iri na isii nke UEFA Cup 2008[[09, a kpọrọ ya site na mgbazinye ego ma na 12 Machị 2009 edebanye aha ya dị ka onye egwuregwu CSKA. Na Jenụwarị 2010 Maâzou hapụrụ Russia, na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ọnwa isii, yana nhọrọ maka ịkwaga na-adịgide adịgide mgbe mgbazinye ego ya kwụsịrị, na AS [[Monako|Monaco]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Monaco signs striker Moussa Maazou in loan deal|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/foxsoccer/ligue1/story/Monaco-signs-Moscow-ace-on-loan|work=Fox Sports|accessdate=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ sochirinụ, Maâzou sonyeere FC Girondins de Bordeaux na mgbazinye otu afọ, ọzọ na nhọrọ ịzụta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Transfert – Maazou signe aux Girondins|url=http://www.girondins.com/transfert-maazou-signe-aux-girondins.html|publisher=FC Girondins de Bordeaux|accessdate=10 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827132850/http://www.girondins.com/transfert-maazou-signe-aux-girondins.html|archivedate=27 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha Jenụwarị 2011 Maâzou laghachiri na AS Monaco na ọnwa isii ọzọ, mana mgbe naanị otu egwuregwu merụrụ ikpere ya n'ọzụzụ ma chọọ ịwa ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Moussa Maazou proche d'un retour à Monaco|url=http://www.planete-asm.fr/actualite/7081-moussa-maazou-proche-d-un-retour-a-monaco.html|publisher=planete-asm|accessdate=10 April 2014|language=fr|archivedate=3 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403172209/https://www.planete-asm.fr/actualite/7081-moussa-maazou-proche-d-un-retour-a-monaco.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MONACO SIGNING MAAZOU CROCKED|url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/monaco-signing-maazou-crocked.htm|publisher=Ligue 1|accessdate=10 April 2014|archivedate=21 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221154908/https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/monaco-signing-maazou-crocked.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2012, Maâzou bịanyere aka na Le Mans na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ọnwa isii, tupu ọ kwaga n'akụkụ Tunisia bụ Étoile du Sahel na nkwekọ afọ atọ n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Niger's Maazou to rescue Le Mans|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/33649/Sports/Africa/Niger%E2%80%99s-Maazou-to-rescue-Le-Mans.aspx|publisher=english.ahram.org|accessdate=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Foot - Le Nigérien Ouwo Moussa Maazou étoilé pour 3 ans (Photos &amp; vidéo)|url=http://www.etoile-du-sahel.com/fr/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=12181%3Afoot-le-nigerien-ouwo-moussa-maazou-etoile-pour-3-ans&amp;catid=901%3Afootball&amp;Itemid=126|publisher=Étoile du Sahel|accessdate=10 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413132833/http://www.etoile-du-sahel.com/fr/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=12181%3Afoot-le-nigerien-ouwo-moussa-maazou-etoile-pour-3-ans&amp;catid=901%3Afootball&amp;Itemid=126|archivedate=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ya na otu egwuregwu Tunisia bụ Étoile du Sahel, Maâzou bịnyere aka na Vitória Guimarães na Portugal na July 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Moussa Maazou : Le Nigérien retrouve le sourire au Portugal|date=31 July 2013|url=http://www.africatopsports.com/2013/07/31/moussa-maazou-le-nigerien-retrouve-le-sourire-au-portugal/|publisher=africatopsports|accessdate=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbanwere na otu egwuregwu Portuguese ọzọ, Marítimo n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Moussa Maazou chegou para o ataque|url=http://portal.csmaritimo.pt/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=6767:moussa-maazou-chegou-para-o-ataque&amp;catid=207:equipa-principal-201415|accessdate=11 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812214146/http://portal.csmaritimo.pt/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=6767:moussa-maazou-chegou-para-o-ataque&amp;catid=207:equipa-principal-201415|archivedate=12 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2015, n'oge ahụ, onye nke abụọ na-agba goolu n'elu ụgbọ elu Portuguese n'oge a na goolu itoolu, Maâzou gafere na Changchun Yatai nke China Super League.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vasconcelos|first=Gonçalo|title=Maazou transferido para a China|url=http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/maritimo/interior.aspx?content_id=928060|accessdate=13 May 2015|work=Record|date=28 January 2015|language=pt|archive-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205073625/http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/maritimo/interior.aspx?content_id=928060|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2016, Maâzou kwagara n'akụkụ Danish Randers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Officielt: Moussa Maazou til Randers FC|url=http://www.bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/officielt-moussa-maazou-til-randers-fc/|accessdate=4 February 2018|work=bold.dk|date=17 February 2016|language=da}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Julaị 2016, AC Ajaccio kwupụtara mbinye aka nke Maâzou na nkwekọrịta otu afọ, yana nhọrọ nke afọ ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ac-ajaccio.corsica/Attualita/Un_renfort_d_experience_en_attaque-08583|title=Un renfort d'expérience en attaque (in French)|work=www.ac-ajaccio.corsica|date=29 July 2016|accessdate=29 July 2016|archive-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144643/http://www.ac-ajaccio.corsica/Attualita/Un_renfort_d_experience_en_attaque-08583|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, na 31 Ọgọst 2017, Maâzou bịayere aka na RC Lens na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Officiel : Fin du mercato avec C. Bayala et M. Maazou|url=http://rclens.fr/infos_2017/08/31_bayala_maazou/index.php|work=rclens.fr|publisher=RC Lens|accessdate=12 September 2017|language=fr|date=31 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205045425/http://www.rclens.fr/infos_2017/08/31_bayala_maazou/index.php|archivedate=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2018, o kwetara na nkwekọrịta ya na RC Lens ga-akwụsị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Rc-lens-moussa-maazou-quitte-le-club/971147|title=RC Lens : Moussa Maazou quitte le club - Foot - L2 - Lens}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 23 Septemba 2019 bịnyere aka na otu egwuregwu [[Israel]] Premier League Sektzia Ness Ziona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.one.co.il/Article/19-20/1,1,3677,0/344254.html?ref=hp|title=יש חלוץ: סקציה נס ציונה החתימה את מוסא מאזו|work=One.co.il|language=he|first=Amit|author=Krako|date=23 September 2019|accessdate=23 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ya ==
N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2015, Maâzou kwupụtara ezumike nká ya n'òtù egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Niger mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na isii, mgbe ọ nwetasịrị ihe nrite iri atọ ma gbaa goolu mba asaa. O kwuru na ọ chụpụrụ onye njikwa Gernot Rohr n'ọnwa Ọktoba gara aga dịka ihe kpatara mkpebi ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vilas|first=Nicolas|title=Maazou dit stop à la sélection du Niger|url=http://www.eurosport.fr/football/maazou-dit-stop-a-la-selection-du-niger_sto4664159/story.shtml|accessdate=13 May 2015|publisher=Eurosport|date=3 April 2014|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otú ọ dị, n'ọnwa Ọktoba, ọ laghachiri n'òtù egwuregwu mba ahụ, wee nye goolu abụọ megide otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Somalia na mkpọsa maka asọmpi nke egwuregwu bọọlụ ụwa niile nke afọ 2018.

=== Gọọlụ onyere na mba ụwa ===

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Niger na mbụ''&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/26231/Moussa_Maazou.html|title=Maâzou, Moussa Karim|publisher=National Football Teams|accessdate=3 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ndị a tụrụ
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|10 Ọktoba 2010
|Stade Général-Seyni-Kountché, Niamey, Niger
| Egypt
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1 0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1 0
|2012 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
|2.
|17 Nọvemba 2010
|June 11 Stadium, Tripoli, Libya
| Libya
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1 0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1 1 1 1
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
|3.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |10 Ọgọst 2011
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Stade Général-Seyni-Kountché, Niamey, Niger
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Togo
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2 1
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3 Na-esote
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
|4.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |32
|-
|5.
|4 Septemba 2011
|Stade Général-Seyni-Kountché, Niamey, Niger
| South Africa
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2 na 0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2 1
|2012 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
|6.
|9 Ọktoba 2012
|Stade Général-Seyni-Kountché, Niamey, Niger
| Liberia
| align=&quot;center&quot; |Nke anọ na nke atọ
| align=&quot;center&quot; |Nke anọ na nke atọ
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
|7.
|1 Jenụwarị 2013
|Stade Général-Seyni-Kountché, Niamey, Niger
| Gambia
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1 2
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1 3
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
|8.
|6 Septemba 2014
|Stade Général-Seyni-Kountché, Niamey, Niger
| Cape Verde
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1 3
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1 3
|2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
|9.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |9 Ọktoba 2015
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Addis Ababa Stadium, [[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Somalia
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1 0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2 na 0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
|10.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2 na 0
|-
|11.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |13 Ọktoba 2015
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Stade Général-Seyni-Kountché, Niamey, Niger
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Somalia
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2 na 0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4 na 0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
|12.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |30
|-
|13.
|4 Septemba 2016
|Stade Général-Seyni-Kountché, Niamey, Niger
| Burundi
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ?
| align=&quot;center&quot; |31 Nke 1
|2017 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Moussa Maâzou at Soccerway
* Moussa Maâzou at National-Football-Teams.com
* Moussa Maâzou – FIFA competition record (archived)
* Footgoal Profile at the Wayback Machine (archived 2009-02-17)
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Zakari Lambo</title>
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      <text bytes="2173" sha1="8ho6i3ndm3uen940jyux0zl8h5z5osh" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Jacques Andre Zakari Lambo''' (amụrụ ya na 14 Mee 1976 na Argoum Doutchi) bụ [[Footbọl|onye bọọlụ]] bọọlụ [[Niger|Naijiria]], onye na-agba bọọlụ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu.

Ọ gbara ọtụtụ ndu ọkachamara ya na [[Poland]] na [[Belgium]], na-apụta maka klọb iri dị iche iche.

== Ọrụ bọọlụ ya ==
Lambo malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na otu egwuregwu Naijiria JS du Ténéré; mgbe ahụ ọ gbara bọọlụ maka klọb [[Burkina Faso|Burkinabé]] Etoile Filante Ouagadougou . Ọ bịarutere Kraków mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ọ ghọrọ onye na-agba bọọlụ na Hutnik Kraków. Mgbe ọ nọrọ obere oge na [[Spain|Spanish]] RCD Mallorca, ọ gara [[Belgium]], mgbe ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ n'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, na-egwu maka Eendracht Aalst, UR Namur, R.F.C. Tournai, KVC Zwevegem Sport, KVK Ieper na Eendracht Wervik. Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ maka VfR Mannheim German na nke ugboro abụọ, maka Hutnik Kraków.

Zakari Lambo nọchitere anya Niger na ọkwa dị elu, na-agba goolu iri na ise na egwuregwu iri abụọ.

== Ndụ onwe ==
Lambo bụ nna onye na-agba bọọlụ [[Zakari Junior Lambo]], ọ na-agbara ndị otu mba Niger Bọọlụ .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kw.be/sport/voetbal/1ste-nationale/zakari-junior-lambo-van-royal-knokke-fc-opgeroepen-voor-nationale-ploeg-van-niger/|title=Zakari Junior Lambo van Royal Knokke FC opgeroepen voor nationale ploeg van Niger|first=Redactie|author=KW|date=May 31, 2021|work=KW.be|accessdate=April 5, 2023|archivedate=April 5, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405141320/https://kw.be/sport/voetbal/1ste-nationale/zakari-junior-lambo-van-royal-knokke-fc-opgeroepen-voor-nationale-ploeg-van-niger/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Zakari Lambo at 90minut.pl (in Polish)
* Zakari Lambo at WorldFootball.net
* Zakari Lambo at FootballDatabase.eu
* Zakari Lambo – FIFA competition record (archived)
* [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/48175/Andrey_Zakari_Lambo.html NFT Profile]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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{{Databox}}'''Balkissa Ouhoumoudou''' (amụrụ ya na Julaị 8, 1983) bụ onye Nijeria bụbu onye na-egwu mmiri, onye ọkachamara na ihe omume egwuregwu breaststroke. Ouhoumoudou sonyere naanị na 100m breaststroke nke ụmụ nwanyị na Summer Olympics nke afọ 2000 na Sydney. Ọ natara tiketi site na FINA, n'okpuru mmemme otu mba , n'enwetaghị oge ntinye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Swimming – Women's 100m Breaststroke Startlist (Heat 1)|url=http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010006003D000000FFFFFFFFFFFF00|format=[[PDF]]|work=[[Sydney 2000]]|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=14 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyere na okpomọkụ otu megide ndị ọzọ atọ na-egwu mmiri Mariam Pauline Keita nke Mali, Doli Akhter dị afọ iri na anọ na Bangladesh, na Pamela Girimbabazi nke Rwanda. Site n'otu onye na-egwu mmiri na-apụ n'ọsọ ahụ maka iwu na-enweghị mmalite ụgha (Akhter), na nke ọzọ maka ntụgharị iwu na-akwadoghị akwado (Girimbabazi), Ouhoumoudou gbara ọsọ na mkpụrụ nke abụọ n'oge 1:42.39, nke kachasị nwayọ na okpomọkụ. Ouhoumoudou enweghị ike ịga n'ihu rụọ ọkara ikpeazụ, ebe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke iri anọ na otu n'ozuzu na prelims.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sydney 2000: Swimming – Women's 100m Breaststroke Heat 2|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/Masters/sw/SWresults.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819181023/http://la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/Masters/sw/SWresults.pdf|archivedate=19 August 2011|format=[[PDF]]|work=[[Sydney 2000]]|publisher=[[LA84 Foundation]]|accessdate=26 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Dolan breaks own world mark in 400 IM|url=http://www.canoe.ca/2000GamesSwimming/sep17_dol.html|publisher=[[Canoe.ca]]|date=17 September 2000|accessdate=28 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title='Africa can't compete with rich nations'|url=http://www.news24.com/xArchive/Archive/Africa-cant-compete-with-rich-nations-20000917|publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]]|date=17 September 2000|accessdate=19 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ouhoumoudou, Balkissa}}
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{{Databox}}'''Ibrahim Maliki''' (amụrụ ya na Julaị 15, 1981) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu onye na-egwu mmiri, onye ọkachamara na sprint freestyle events. Maliki ruru eru maka 50m freestyle nke ụmụ nwoke na Summer Olympics nke afọ 2004 na Athens, na-enweghị oge ntinye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Swimming – Men's 50m Freestyle Startlist (Heat 1)|url=http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010406003E000000FFFFFFFFFFFF00|format=[[PDF]]|work=[[Athens 2004]]|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=24 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ mara ndị ọzọ ise na-egwu mmiri aka na okpomọkụ otu, gụnyere Emile Rony Bakale nke obodo Congo dị afọ iri na isii. O weputara ihe kacha mma nke 26.81 iji nweta ebe nke atọ site na 1.34-second margin n'azụ onye mmeri Bakale. Maliki enweghị ike ịga n'ihu rụọ ọkara ikpeazụ, ebe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke iri isii na itoolu n'ime ndị na-egwu mmiri iri asatọ na isii na mbido egwuregwu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Men's 50m Freestyle Heat 1|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics_2004/swimming/results/3535048.stm|work=[[Athens 2004]]|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=20 August 2004|accessdate=31 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Thomas|first=Stephen|title=Men’s 50 Freestyle Prelims Day 6: Hall Splashes a Hot 22.04, Fastest Qualifier; Lezak Makes This One but Popov, Hoogie Bow Out|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/7897.asp|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=19 August 2004|accessdate=19 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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      <text bytes="803" sha1="4wems894plq93m0njpxysxqpwfqzzkv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Nafissatou Moussa Adamou''' (amụrụ ya na 27 Septemba 1997) bụ onye Nijeria na-egwu mmiri. A mụrụ ya na Niamey, isi obodo Niger. O sonyere na Summer Olympics nke afọ 2012 na London.&lt;ref name=&quot;sref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nafissatou Moussa Adamou|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ad/nafissatou-adamou-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418010040/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ad/nafissatou-adamou-1.html|archivedate=18 April 2020|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|accessdate=4 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adamou agaghị agafe na ọkara ikpeazụ ka onye na-egwu mmiri ji ọkwa nke onye nke iri asaa na ise.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Nafissatou Moussa Adamou at Olympedia 
 
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{{Databox}}
'''Hamadou Djibo Issaka''' (amụrụ ya na 3 Julaị 1977) bụ onye Nijeria na-eme ihe egwuregwu.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/2012/athletes/0bb79230-1cc8-4263-954a-2dd095f8d66b Hamadou Djibo Issaka] BBC Sport Olympics.&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-egwu egwuregwu mmiri na asọmpi, Djibo Issaka zụrụ dị ka onye na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri maka Summer Olympics nke afọ 2012 na [[London]] iji were ebe mmepe nke Kọmitii Olympic International nyere ndị otu Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052216/http://ca.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idCABRE86S0NN20120729?sp=true Novice rower wins hearts of Eton crowd]. Belinda Goldsmith, Reuters. 29 July 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Egwuregwu Olimpik nke afọ 2012 ==
Djibou Issaka, onye na-elekọta ubi na onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ọdọ mmiri, bụ onye Niger họọrọ ka ọ zụọ dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ naanị ọnwa atọ tupu 2012 Summer Olympics, na-enweta ọzụzụ mbụ ya na asọmpi ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri na Egypt, wee nọrọ ọnwa abụọ na International Rowing Development Centre na Tunisia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/14/sports/olympics/14iht-srolathlete14.html?src=recg &quot;The Good, the Bad and the Unforgettable&quot;], ''New York Times'', 13 August 2012&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya maka kaadị na-enweghị isi site na IOC Tripartite Commission, na-agbakwunye ya na ọdọ mmiri zuru ezu nke ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri ruru eru, na mmemme nke na-achọ ịzụlite egwuregwu na-abụghị ndị asọmpi ọdịnala. Ọ zụrụ n'obodo Belgium nke Hazewinkel, tupu mmeghe egwuregwu ahụ.

Na 28 Julaị, Djibo Issaka nwetara nlebara anya mgbasa ozi zuru oke maka mpụta mbụ ya n'egwuregwu Olympic na 2000 mita otu scullls okpomọkụ, bụ nke ọ gwụchara na oge nke 8:25.56, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nkeji n'azụ onye asọmpi ya kacha nso na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 1 nkeji iri anọ sekọnd n'azụ. onye meriri, Mahe Drysdale. Ndị nta akụkọ Britain nyere Djibo Issaka mmasị na-esochi ọdịdị mbụ ya, jiri ya tụnyere onye na-egwu mmiri Equiguinean Eric &quot;the Eel&quot; Moussambani si Sydney 2000, ma nye Djibo Issaka aha nickname nke &quot;Issaka the Otter&quot;, &quot;Hamadou The Keel,&quot; na &quot;Sculling Sloth

Ka ìgwè mmadụ na ndị nta akụkọ na-eto ya, onye na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri Olympic Gold Medal nke Britain bụ Steve Redgrave katọrọ ntinye Djibo Issaka. N'agbanyeghị nkwupụta ndị a, IOC kọwara na Djibo Issaka ewepụghị ọnọdụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ ruru eru, mana ọ bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị Olympians gbakwunyere na ebe ndị ọzọ e mepụtara mgbe ha ruru eru.

N'ozuzu, Djibo Issaka gbara ọsọ na agba nke anọ nke asọmpi ahụ, na-agwụ na ọnọdụ ikpeazụ na asọmpi ọ bụla ahụ.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;
|+Egwuregwu Hamadou Djibo Issaka na Summer Olympics nke afọ 2012 Single sculls nke ụmụ nwoke&lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rowing|url=http://www.london2012.com/games/olympic-sports/rowing.php|publisher=London 2012 website|accessdate=31 July 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120906054415/http://www.london2012.com/spectators/|archivedate=6 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri
!Oge
!Ọnọdụ
|-
|Okpomọkụ 4
|8:25.56
|5/5
|-
|Ntụgharị 2
|8:39.66
|5/5
|-
|Ọkara ikpeazụ E/F 1
|9:07.99
|4/4
|-
|Final F
|8:53.88
|3/3
|}

== Hụkwa Ihe ọzọ ==

* Niger na 2012 Summer Olympics

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* London 2012: Rower meriri obi ndị na-akwado ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị n'ikpeazụ. Telegraph (London) Sọnde, 29 Julaị 2012
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120731231625/http://www.thestate.com/2012/07/29/2373631/niger-rower-crawls-home-to-roaring.html#.UBXHJfUteSY Onye na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na Niger na-agbadata n'ụlọ n'ihu ìgwè mmadụ Olympic na-eti mkpu]. Ọ dị n'okpuru ala, AP. Sọnde, 29 Julaị 2012
* [https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/other-sports/athletics/niger-rower-hamadou-djibo-issaka-1185103 Onye na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na Niger bụ Hamadou Djibo Issaka bụ Eric The Eel ọhụrụ]. Mirror (London) Sọnde, 29 Julaị 2012
* [http://www.lesahel.org/index.php?option=com_k2&amp;view=item&amp;id=806:jeux-olympiques-de-londres-2012--qualifiee-pour-les-2nd-tour-le-judoka-gourouza-zakari-est-elimine&amp;Itemid=232 JEUX OLYMPIQUES] de LONDRES 2012 : QUALIFIEE n'ihi 2nd HUR, JUDOKA GOUROUZA ZAKARI bụ onye mbụ. Oumarou Moussa, Le Sahel (Niamey). 30 Julaị 2012.
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    <title>Ahmed Goumar</title>
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      <text bytes="492" sha1="ifid5uidtm3p8tkfisu300xmnn1pr6l" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}O sonyere na Summer Olympik nke afọ 2016 na [[Rio de Janeiro]], na 73 kilogram nke ụmụ nwoke, ebe Nicholas Delpopolo wepụrụ ya na agba nke mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/ahmed-goumar|title=Ahmed Goumar|work=rio2016.com|accessdate=19 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826131526/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/ahmed-goumar|archivedate=26 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Abdou Alassane Dji Bo</title>
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'''Abdou Alassane Dji Bo''' (amụrụ ya na 15 June 1979) bụ onye judo [[Niger|Nijeria]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151227055505/http://www.lequipe.fr/Aussi/AussiFicheAthlete12500000000058370.html ABDOU ALASSANE DJI BO]. ''L'Equipe''. Retrieved on 2015-12-26.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye nwetara ihe nrite ugboro atọ na African Judo Championships.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104447/http://www.judoinside.com/uk/?factfile%2Fview%2F36793%2FAbdou_Allassane Factfile Abdou Allassane]. Judo Inside. Retrieved on 2015-12-26.&lt;/ref&gt;.

O sonyere na Summer Olympics nke afọ 2004 ma bụrụ onye judo Olympic mbụ nke Niger, ebe ọ mụtara egwuregwu ahụ site na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ Olympic.&lt;ref&gt;[http://content.time.com/time/quotes/0,26174,685987,00.html An Olympic scholarship program helped Abdou Alassane Dji Bo chase his dreams]. ''Time'' (2004-08-22). Retrieved on 2015-12-26.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ihe nrite ọla nchara na ọkara nke ịdị arọ na 2006 African Judo Championships.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060428114547/http://www.ijf.org/event/qEventView.php?Page=1&amp;MenuCode=140506&amp;TableName=T_Event&amp;Idx=459 26th AFRICAN JUDO CHAMPIONSHIPS PORT ELIZABETH SOUTH AFRICA 18 – 21 MAY 2005]. International Judo Federation. Retrieved on 2015-12-26.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Egwuregwu mba ụwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Egwuregwu
!Nsonaazụ
!Ụdị ịdị arọ
|-
|2006
|Mmeri Judo nke Afrịka
| bgcolor=&quot;cc9966&quot; |Nke atọ
|Ọkara ịdị arọ (66 kilogram)
|-
|2005
|Mmeri Judo nke Afrịka
| bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot; |Nke Abụọ
|Ọkara ịdị arọ (66 kilogram)
|-
|2004
|Mmeri Judo nke Afrịka
| bgcolor=&quot;cc9966&quot; |Nke atọ
|Ọkara ịdị arọ (66 kilogram)
|}

== Edensibia ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{s-start}}
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{{succession box|before=[[Mamane Sani Ali|Mamane S Ani Ali]]|title=[[List of flag bearers for Niger at the Olympics|Flagbearer]] for {{NIG}}|years=[[2004 Summer Olympics|Athens 2004]]|after=[[Mohamed Alhousseini Alhassan]]}}
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{{Databox}}'''Moustapha Abdoulaye Hima''' (amụrụ ya na 1 Jenụwarị 1992) bụ onye na-akụ ọkpọ na [[Niger|Nijeria]].  O sonyere Niger na Summer Olympics nke afọ 2012 dị ka onye na-agba ti ọkpọ (69 kilogram). Abdoulaye Hima bụ onye na-eburu ọkọlọtọ Niger n'ememe mmeghe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200417093228/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/NIG/ Olympics, Niger]. Sports Reference / USA TODAY Sports Media Group. Consulted 2012-07-31&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Julaị, Abdoulaye Hima meriri Cameron Hammond nke Australia site na mkpebi 6-13 na agba nke iri atọ na abụọ.

== Hụkwa ihe ọzọ ==

* Niger na 2012 Summer Olympics

== Edensibia ==
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{{Databox}}'''Issoufou Habou''' (amụrụ ya n'afọ 1945) bụ onye na-akụ ọkpọ na [[Niger|Naijiria]]. Habou sonyere na Summer Olympics nke afọ 1972 maka Niger. Ọ dara naanị otu egwuregwu ya na Mohamed Majeri nke Tunisia.

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Frederic Costa</title>
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== Ọrụ ya ==
Ruo December 2008 ọ kụziri otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Niger U17. Kemgbe Disemba 2008 ruo 2009 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye njikwa otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Niger.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/7792548.stm Anghelescu forced out by Niger - BBC News]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Frederic Costa at FootballDatabase.eu
{{Niger national football team managers}}
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      <text bytes="35657" sha1="qvunvvqc3xi2kkuc2cvuum6xsu47wr0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Ndị otu bọọlụ mba Niger'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cafonline.com/competition/african-cup-of-nations_2012/news/6795-menas-to-test-pharaohs-form.html Menas to test Pharaohs form]. &lt;/ref&gt; na-anọchite anya [[Niger]] na [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ụwa site na Nigerien Football Federation, onye otu Confederation of African Football (CAF). Niger na-egwuri egwu na agba nke ọkọlọtọ Niger, ọcha, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na oroma. Aha utu aha ha sitere na mgbada Damas, onye obodo Niger, aha Hausa nke bu Meyna ma obu Ménas.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.saharaconservation.org/?Dama-Gazelle Dama Gazelle Nanger dama]. &lt;/ref&gt; Dama na-apụta na baajị ha na agba nke ọkọlọtọ mba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.afrik-foot.com/can-2019-la-liste-du-niger-contre-l-egypte-sans-maazou|title=CAN 2019 : la liste du Niger contre l'Egypte sans Maazou|date=March 21, 2019|work=Afrik-Foot}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/country/134/2019/Niger.html|title=Niger team of 2019|work=national-football-teams.com|publisher=National Football Teams}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
N'agbanyeghị na otu n'ime ndị na-enwechaghị ihe ịga nke ọma na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka siri ike, Niger ewepụtala ọsọ pụrụ iche na asọmpi ntozu.

Otu n'ime egwuregwu ha kachasị mma bụ n'afọ 1982 FIFA World Cup qualifiers nke Niger wepụrụ Somalia na Togo na iwu ihe mgbaru ọsọ, mana Algeria meriri ha na agba nke atọ ebe naanị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ asatọ fọdụrụ. Ndị egwuregwu ama ama na ọsọ a gụnyere Jacques Komlan, Hassane Adamou na [[Moussa Kanfideni]].

N'afọ 1990, ha setịpụrụ ndekọ site n'ịkụ Mauritania 7-1 na asọmpi nke nwepu kọntinent, akara kachasị mma maka ''Mena''.

N'afọ 2004 African Nations Cup qualifiers, Niger meriri egwuregwu ha niile n'ụlọ (gụnyere mmeri Guinea) iji mechie na akara itoolu, naanị atọ na-erughị iru eru.

Ndị otu Niger na-enwekwa nsogbu gbasara ego, nke mere ka ha hapụ asọmpi mba ụwa ihe karịrị otu oge. Ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Niger gaara atụgharịa n'ịkwakọba ego iji kwụọ ụgwọ njem ha na iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2010 na Angola, ma a sị na ha tozuo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.helpmena.com/index.html|title=Project MENA is dedicated to assisting MENA, the Niger national soccer team. The project aimed to raise enough money to send the team to compete for the 2010 African Cup in Angola.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426002616/http://www.helpmena.com/index.html|archivedate=2008-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2010, Niger meriri Egypt n'ụlọ n'asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2012 Nke juru onye ọ bụla anya 

N'agbanyeghị asọmpi AFCON 2010 dara ada, Niger kwadoro wee merie asọmpi UemoA na Nọvemba 2010, wee sochie ntozu mbụ ha maka asọmpi mba Africa na February 2011.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rfi.fr/afrique-foot/20110219-chan-2011-niger-heroique-mais-elimine-le-soudan CHAN 2011 : Un Niger héroïque mais éliminé par le Soudan&amp;nbsp;– Football/CHAN 2011&amp;nbsp;– RFI] 2011-02-19&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ha meriri South Africa na Sierra Leone n'ụlọ ha, na 8 Ọktoba 2011 Niger ruru eru maka iko mba Afrịka na oge mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, n'agbanyeghị na ha dara n la aka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ndị Egypt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/15229854.stm|title=Niger in historic qualification despite Cairo loss|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=2011-10-08|accessdate=2011-10-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/8613171.stm Fixtures, results and tables for the qualifiers for the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations to be co-hosted by Gabon and Equatorial Guinea.] &lt;/ref&gt; Niger, South Africa na Sierra Leone niile ji akara itoolu mechie, mana Niger ruru eru n'ihi ihe ndekọ ha dị elu megide ndị na-asọmpi ha.

N'asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2012, edoro Niger na Group C yana ndị ga-akwado Gabon, Tunisia na Morocco. N'asọmpi mmalite ha, Niger meriri 2-0 na Gabon, ebe ha zutere Tunisia na Libreville, Niger 1-0 na goolu mbụ nke Youssef Msakni mere nke ọ zọpụrụ n'ụzọ ya maka ọkpụ goolu dị mma ka nanị nkeji anọ gachara.Otú ọ dị, [[William N'Gounou]] mere akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'ịgba goolu mbụ nke Niger na iko mba Afrịka. O yiri ka ọ ga-abụ na ọ ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ gafere, mana ihe mgbaru ọsọ Issam Jemâa ga-ewepụ Niger na asọmpi ahụ. N'egwuregwu ikpeazụ, Niger zutere Morocco n'egwuregwu nke gosipụtara akụkụ abụọ e wepụrụla na asọmpi ahụ. Younès Belhanda gbara na enyemaka sitere n'aka Marouane Chamakh naanị nkeji iri na otu site n'oge iji nye Morocco mmeri 1- 0 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/16803984|title=Niger 0-1 Morocco|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka e mesịrị n'afọ 2012, Niger kwughachiri ihe ịga nke ọma ya na African Nations Cup qualifiers site na ịkụ Guinea na usoro ụkwụ abụọ iji ruo eru maka Africa Cup of Nations nke afọ 2013. Guinea meriri egwuregwu mbụ n'egwuregwu 1- 0, mana Niger meriri 2 - 0 n'egwú na nke abụọ. Ndị na-agba goolu [[Mohamed Chikoto]] na [[Issoufou Boubacar Garba|Issoufou Boubacar]] zigara Niger na asọmpi iko mba Afrịka ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/african-tournaments/2013-afcon-qualifiers/|title=2013 Africa Cup of Nations Qualifiers - Qualifier Rounds - MTNFootball|accessdate=2012-10-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009102658/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/african-tournaments/2013-afcon-qualifiers/|archivedate=2012-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'egwuregwu mbụ ha na Africa Cup of Nations nke afọ 2013, Niger dara mgbe ha gbara otu egwuregwuMali na Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium na Port Elizabeth. Onye isi ụgbọ mmiri Mali Seydou Keita nyere mba ya mmeri siri ike nkeji ise tupu njedebe nke ọgụ ahụ. Niger wee nweta akara mbụ ha na African Cup of Nations mgbe ha jidere DR Congo na draw 0-0. N'egwuregwu nke atọ, Ghana meriri Niger 3-0 iji ruo nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ dị ka ndị mmeri nke otu B.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/artikel.php?ID=263428|title=Ghana cruises into African Cup quarters|date=January 28, 2013|work=GhanaWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Niger mechiri n'ala nke otu ahụ.

N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2014, Niger gbara egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Ukraine, nke bu egwuregwu mbụ ha gbara imegide mba Europe. Oumarou Bale gbara bọọlụ na nkeji nke iri ise na isii, na-agbanyụ goolu nke nkeji nke iri abụọ site n'aka Ivan Ordets tupu Ukraine emeri na goolu site n'enyemaka Taras Stepanenko ka egwuregwu ahụ gwụchara 2-1.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://shakhtar.com/404.html?item=%2fnews%2f31806&amp;user=extranet%5cAnonymous&amp;site=fcsd|title=Страница не найдена|work=shakhtar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/friendlies/season=2014/matches/round=2000374/match=2014301/index.html|title=Ukraine-Niger &amp;#124; European Qualifiers}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsonaazụ na ihe ndị a kwadoro ==
 
 
=== 2022 ===
{{Football box collapsible|round=[[2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F|2023 AFCON qualification]]|date=4 June|time=17:00|team1={{fb-rt|NIG}}|score=1–1|report=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/06/04/africa/africa-cup-of-nations-qualification/niger/tanzania/3783021/|team2={{fb|TAN}}|goals1=*[[Daniel Sosah|Sosah]] {{goal|26}}|goals2=*[[George Mpole|Mpole]] {{goal|1}}|stadium=[[Stade de l'Amitié]]|location=[[Cotonou]], Benin|attendance=|referee=[[Komlanvi Aklassou]] ([[Togolese Football Federation|Togo]])|result=D}}{{Football box collapsible|round=[[2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F|2023 AFCON qualification]]|date=8 June|time={{UTZ|16:00|3}}|team1={{fb-rt|UGA}}|score=1–1|report=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/06/08/africa/africa-cup-of-nations-qualification/uganda/niger/3783022/|team2={{fb|NIG}}|goals1=*[[Milton Karisa|Karisa]] {{goal|43}}|goals2=*[[Amadou Sabo|Sabo]] {{goal|71}}|stadium=[[St. Mary's Stadium-Kitende]]|location=[[Entebbe]], Uganda|attendance=|referee=[[Tsegay Mogos Teklu]] ([[Eritrean National Football Federation|Eritrea]])|result=D}}{{footballbox collapsible|format=|round=[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]|date=23 September|time=|team1={{fb-rt|EGY}}|score=3–0|report=|team2={{fb|NIG}}|goals1=*[[Mohamed Salah|Salah]] {{goal|42||65|pen.}}
*[[Mostafa Mohamed (footballer)|Mohamed]] {{goal|54}}|goals2=|stadium=[[Borg El Arab Stadium]]|location=[[Alexandria]], Egypt|attendance=|referee=|result=L}}{{footballbox collapsible|format=|round=[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]|date=2 November|time=|team1={{fb-rt|ALG}}|score=2–0|report=|team2={{fb|NIG}}|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=|location=|attendance=|referee=|result=L}}{{footballbox collapsible|format=|round=[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]|date=20 November|time=|team1={{fb-rt|GAB}}|score=3–1|report=|team2={{fb|NIG}}|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=Atilla Vehbi Konuk Tesisleri|location=[[Antalya]], Turkey|attendance=|referee=Zorbay Küçük ([[Turkish Football Federation|Turkey]])|result=L}}{{footballbox collapsible|format=|round=[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]|date=21 December|time={{UTZ|15:00|1}}|team1=[[AC Ajaccio|Ajaccio]]|score=2–0|report=|team2={{fb|NIG}}|goals1=*[[Qazim Laçi|Laçi]] {{goal|85}}
*[[Riad Nouri|Nouri]] {{goal|90|pen.}}|goals2=|stadium=[[Stade François Coty]]|location=[[Ajaccio]], France|attendance=|referee=|result=L}}

=== 2023 ===
{{Football box collapsible|id=Senegal v Niger|date=6 January|time=13:00 [[Central European Time|CET]] ([[UTC+01:00|UTC+1]])|round=[[Exhibition game|Friendly]]|score=0–0|report=https://www.eurosport.com/football/international-friendlies/2023/live-senegal-niger_mtc1417526/live-stats.shtml|team1={{fb-rt|SEN}}|goals1=|team2={{fb|NIG}}|goals2=|stadium=La Cigale Sport Complex|location=[[Tabarka]], Tunisia|attendance=|referee=|result=D}}{{Football box collapsible|round=[[2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F|2023 AFCON qualification]]|date=23 March|time={{UTZ|22:00|1}}|team1={{fb-rt|ALG}}|score=2–1|report=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/03/23/africa/africa-cup-of-nations-qualification/algeria/niger/3783024/|team2={{fb|NIG}}|goals1=*[[Rahim Alhassane|Alhassane]] {{goal|54|o.g.}}
*[[Riyad Mahrez|Mahrez]] {{goal|88}}|goals2=*[[Daniel Sosah|Sosah]] {{goal|38}}|stadium=[[Nelson Mandela Stadium]]|location=[[Algiers]], Algeria|attendance=|referee=[[Mahmood Ismail]] ([[Sudan Football Association|Sudan]])|result=L}}{{Football box collapsible|round=[[2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F|2023 AFCON qualification]]|date=27 March|time={{UTZ|17:00|1}}|team1={{fb-rt|NIG}}|score=0–1|report=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/03/27/africa/africa-cup-of-nations-qualification/niger/algeria/3783026/|team2={{fb|ALG}}|goals1=|goals2=*[[Baghdad Bounedjah|Bounedjah]] {{goal|6}}|stadium=[[Hammadi Agrebi Stadium]]|location=[[Tunis]], Tunisia|attendance=|referee=[[Boubou Traoré]] ([[Malian Football Federation|Mali]])|result=L}}{{Football box collapsible|round=[[2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F|2023 AFCON qualification]]|date=June|time=|team1={{fb-rt|TAN}}|score=|report=|team2={{fb|NIG}}|goals1=|stadium=[[National Stadium (Tanzania)|National Stadium]]|location=[[Dar es Salaam]], Tanzania|attendance=|referee=|result=}}{{Football box collapsible|round=[[2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F|2023 AFCON qualification]]|date=September|time=|team1={{fb-rt|NIG}}|score=|report=|team2={{fb|UGA}}|goals1=|stadium=|location=|attendance=|referee=|result=}}

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkuzi ==
 

== Ndị na-egwu egwuregwu ==

=== Ndị otu dị ugbu a ===

* A kpọrọ ndị egwuregwu na-esonụ maka asọmpi asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2023.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Le sélectionneur Jean-Michel Cavalli a officialisé la liste des joueurs du Mena National pour la double confrontation décisive Niger- Algérie|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=583782897123824&amp;set=a.457879976380784|publisher=Fédération Nigérienne De Football - Facebook|accessdate=20 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''
* '''Ụbọchị egwuregwu''': 23 na 27 Machị 2023
* '''Mmegide''': Algeria
* '''Caps na''' goolu ziri ezi dị ka nke: 3 February 2023, mgbe egwuregwu megide Madagascar gasịrị. 

=== Nkwupụta ndị a kpọrọ n'oge ugbu a ===
The following players have been called up for Niger in the last 12 months.
{{nat fs r start|background=|color=}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Kassaly Daouda]]|age={{birth date and age|1983|8|19|df=y}}|caps=89|goals=0|club=[[Katsina United F.C.|Katsina United]]|clubnat=NGA|latest=vs. {{fb|UGA}}, 8 June 2022}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Naim Van Attenhoven]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|1|31|df=y}}|caps=7|goals=0|club=[[K.V.K. Ninove|Ninove]]|clubnat=BEL|latest=vs. {{fb|UGA}}, 8 June 2022}}
{{nat fs break|background=}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Abdoul Razak Seyni]]|age={{birth date and age|1990|1|1|df=y}}|caps=19|goals=1|club=[[ASN Nigelec|Nigelec]]|clubnat=NIG|latest=vs. {{fb|UGA}}, 8 June 2022}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Djibrilla Ibrahim Mossi]]|age={{birth date and age|2002|3|2|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=[[HNK Rijeka|Rijeka]]|clubnat=CRO|latest=vs. {{fb|UGA}}, 8 June 2022}}
{{nat fs break|background=}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Youssouf Oumarou]]|age={{birth date and age|1993|2|16|df=y}}|caps=50|goals=4|club=[[US Monastir (football)|US Monastir]]|clubnat=TUN|latest=vs. {{fb|UGA}}, 8 June 2022}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Boubacar Goumey]]|age={{birth date and age|2000|7|14|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=[[ASN Nigelec|Nigelec]]|clubnat=NIG|latest=vs. {{fb|UGA}}, 8 June 2022}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Moustapha Sabo]]|age={{birth date and age|2004|9|14|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[AS SONIDEP]]|clubnat=NIG|latest=vs. {{fb|UGA}}, 8 June 2022}}
{{nat fs break|background=}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Amadou Moutari]]|age={{birth date and age|1994|1|19|df=y}}|caps=48|goals=2|club=[[Al Qadsiah FC|Al-Qadsiah]]|clubnat=KSA|latest=vs. {{fb|UGA}}, 8 June 2022}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Mahamane Cissé]]|age={{birth date and age|1993|12|27|df=y}}|caps=36|goals=5|club=[[AS Otôho]]|clubnat=COG|latest=vs. {{fb|UGA}}, 8 June 2022}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Ibrahim Marou]]|age={{birth date and age|2000|1|1|df=y}}|caps=5|goals=0|club=[[AS FAN]]|clubnat=NIG|latest=vs. {{fb|UGA}}, 8 June 2022}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Salam Boulhassan]]|age={{birth date and age|2001|1|18|df=y}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[ASN Nigelec|Nigelec]]|clubnat=NIG|latest=vs. {{fb|UGA}}, 8 June 2022}}
{{nat fs break|background=}}
&lt;sup&gt;DEC&lt;/sup&gt; Player refused to join the team after the call-up.&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;sup&gt;INJ&lt;/sup&gt; Player withdrew from the squad due to an injury.&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;sup&gt;PRE&lt;/sup&gt; Preliminary squad.&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;sup&gt;RET&lt;/sup&gt; Player has retired from international football.&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;sup&gt;SUS&lt;/sup&gt; Suspended from the national team.
{{nat fs end|background=}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;width:98%&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Position&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;Pos.&lt;/abbr&gt;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:20%&quot; |Player
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:20%&quot; |Date of birth (age)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; |Caps
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; |Goals
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:20%&quot; |Club
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:25%&quot; |Latest call-up
|- class=&quot;nat-fs-player&quot;
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kassaly Daouda]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1983-08-19&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;19 August 1983&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;39)&lt;/span&gt;
|89
|0
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=Nigeria_Football_Federation|alt=Nigeria|border|23x23px]]&lt;/span&gt; [[Katsina United F.C.|Katsina United]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |vs. &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Uganda national football team|Uganda]]&lt;/span&gt;, 8 June 2022
|- class=&quot;nat-fs-player&quot;
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Naim Van Attenhoven]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;2003-01-31&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;31 January 2003&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;20)&lt;/span&gt;
|7
|0
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Royal_Belgian_Football_Association|alt=Belgium|border|23x23px]]&lt;/span&gt; [[K.V.K. Ninove|Ninove]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |vs. &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Uganda national football team|Uganda]]&lt;/span&gt;, 8 June 2022
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;border:0;opacity:.75&quot; |
----
|- class=&quot;nat-fs-player&quot;
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Abdoul Razak Seyni]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1990-01-01&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;1 January 1990&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;33)&lt;/span&gt;
|19
|1
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Niger.svg|link=Nigerien_Football_Federation|alt=Niger|border|18x18px]]&lt;/span&gt; [[ASN Nigelec|Nigelec]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |vs. &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Uganda national football team|Uganda]]&lt;/span&gt;, 8 June 2022
|- class=&quot;nat-fs-player&quot;
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Djibrilla Ibrahim Mossi]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;2002-03-02&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;2 March 2002&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;21)&lt;/span&gt;
|4
|0
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Croatia.svg|link=Croatian_Football_Federation|alt=Croatia|border|23x23px]]&lt;/span&gt; [[HNK Rijeka|Rijeka]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |vs. &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Uganda national football team|Uganda]]&lt;/span&gt;, 8 June 2022
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;border:0;opacity:.75&quot; |
----
|- class=&quot;nat-fs-player&quot;
|[[Midfielder|MF]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Youssouf Oumarou]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1993-02-16&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;16 February 1993&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;30)&lt;/span&gt;
|50
|4
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg|link=Tunisian_Football_Federation|alt=Tunisia|border|23x23px]]&lt;/span&gt; [[US Monastir (football)|US Monastir]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |vs. &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Uganda national football team|Uganda]]&lt;/span&gt;, 8 June 2022
|- class=&quot;nat-fs-player&quot;
|[[Midfielder|MF]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Boubacar Goumey]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;2000-07-14&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;14 July 2000&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;22)&lt;/span&gt;
|4
|0
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Niger.svg|link=Nigerien_Football_Federation|alt=Niger|border|18x18px]]&lt;/span&gt; [[ASN Nigelec|Nigelec]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |vs. &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Uganda national football team|Uganda]]&lt;/span&gt;, 8 June 2022
|- class=&quot;nat-fs-player&quot;
|[[Midfielder|MF]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Moustapha Sabo]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;2004-09-14&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;14 September 2004&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;18)&lt;/span&gt;
|0
|0
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Niger.svg|link=Nigerien_Football_Federation|alt=Niger|border|18x18px]]&lt;/span&gt; [[AS SONIDEP]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |vs. &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Uganda national football team|Uganda]]&lt;/span&gt;, 8 June 2022
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;border:0;opacity:.75&quot; |
----
|- class=&quot;nat-fs-player&quot;
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Amadou Moutari]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1994-01-19&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;19 January 1994&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;29)&lt;/span&gt;
|48
|2
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg|link=Saudi_Arabian_Football_Federation|alt=Saudi Arabia|border|23x23px]]&lt;/span&gt; [[Al Qadsiah FC|Al-Qadsiah]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |vs. &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Uganda national football team|Uganda]]&lt;/span&gt;, 8 June 2022
|- class=&quot;nat-fs-player&quot;
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Mahamane Cissé]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1993-12-27&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;27 December 1993&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;29)&lt;/span&gt;
|36
|5
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=Congolese_Football_Federation|alt=Republic of the Congo|border|23x23px]]&lt;/span&gt; [[AS Otôho]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |vs. &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Uganda national football team|Uganda]]&lt;/span&gt;, 8 June 2022
|- class=&quot;nat-fs-player&quot;
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ibrahim Marou]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;2000-01-01&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;1 January 2000&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;23)&lt;/span&gt;
|5
|0
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Niger.svg|link=Nigerien_Football_Federation|alt=Niger|border|18x18px]]&lt;/span&gt; [[AS FAN]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |vs. &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Uganda national football team|Uganda]]&lt;/span&gt;, 8 June 2022
|- class=&quot;nat-fs-player&quot;
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Salam Boulhassan]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;2001-01-18&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;18 January 2001&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;22)&lt;/span&gt;
|2
|0
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Niger.svg|link=Nigerien_Football_Federation|alt=Niger|border|18x18px]]&lt;/span&gt; [[ASN Nigelec|Nigelec]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |vs. &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Uganda national football team|Uganda]]&lt;/span&gt;, 8 June 2022
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;border:0;opacity:.75&quot; |
----
&lt;sup&gt;DEC&lt;/sup&gt; Player refused to join the team after the call-up.
&lt;sup&gt;INJ&lt;/sup&gt; Player withdrew from the squad due to an injury.
&lt;sup&gt;PRE&lt;/sup&gt; Preliminary squad.
&lt;sup&gt;RET&lt;/sup&gt; Player has retired from international football.
&lt;sup&gt;SUS&lt;/sup&gt; Suspended from the national team.
|}

== Ihe ndekọ ==
{{Updated|20 November 2022}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Niger |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/country/134/Niger.html |website=National Football Teams}}&lt;/ref&gt;
:''Players in '''bold''' are still active with Niger.''{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
|+Most appearances
|-
!width=30px|Rank
! style=&quot;width:150px;&quot;|Player
!width=50px|Caps
!width=50px|Goals
! style=&quot;width:100px;&quot;|Career
|-
| 1 ||align=left| '''[[Kassaly Daouda]]''' || 89 || 0 || 2002–present
|-
| 2 ||align=left| [[Koffi Dan Kowa]] || 67 || 4 || 2008–2018
|-
| 3 ||align=left| '''[[Moussa Maâzou]]''' || 54 || 13 || 2008–present
|-
| rowspan=3|4 ||align=left| [[Souleymane Dela Sacko|Souleymane Sacko]] || rowspan=3|53 || 3 || 2007–2019
|-
|align=left| [[Karim Lancina|Lassina Konaté]] || 1 || 2006–2016
|-
| align=left| '''[[Youssouf Oumarou]]''' || 4 || 2013–present
|-
| rowspan=2|7 ||align=left| '''[[Amadou Moutari]]''' || rowspan=2|50 || 2 || 2012–present
|-
| align=left| '''[[Victorien Adebayor]]''' || 19 || 2015–present
|-
| 9 ||align=left| [[Mohamed Chikoto]] || 48 || 2 || 2008–2016
|-
| 10 ||align=left| '''[[Mohamed Wonkoye]]''' || 45 || 5 || 2012–present
|-
|}
{{col-2}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
|+Top goalscorers
|-
!width=30px|Rank
! style=&quot;width:150px;&quot;|Player
!width=50px|Goals
!width=50px|Caps
!width=50px|Ratio
! style=&quot;width:100px;&quot;|Career
|-
| 1 ||align=left| '''[[Victorien Adebayor]]''' || 19 || 50 || {{#expr:19/50 round 2}} || 2015–present
|-
| 2 ||align=left| '''[[Moussa Maâzou]]''' || 13 || 54 || {{#expr:13/54 round 2}} || 2008–present
|-
| 3 ||align=left| [[Kamilou Daouda]] || 10 || 37 || {{#expr:10/37 round 2}} || 2007–2019
|-
| 4 ||align=left| [[Mounkaila Ide Barkire]] || 7 || 13 || {{#expr:7/13 round 2}} || 1992–1998
|-
| 5 ||align=left| [[Zakari Lambo]] || 6 || 10 || {{#expr:6/10 round 2}}|| 1990–1995
|-
| rowspan=2|6 ||align=left| '''[[Mahamane Cissé]]''' || rowspan=2|5 || 38 || {{#expr:5/38 round 2}} || 2013–present
|-
|align=left| '''[[Mohamed Wonkoye]]''' || 45 || {{#expr:5/45 round 2}} || 2012–present 
|-
| rowspan=5|8 ||align=left| '''[[Issa Djibrilla]]''' || rowspan=5|4|| 19 || {{#expr:4/19 round 2}} || 2020–present
|-
|align=left| [[Moussa Yahaya]] ||16 || {{#expr:4/16 round 2}} || 1992–1998
|-
|align=left| '''[[Issa Modibo Sidibé|Modibo Sidibé]]''' || 27 || {{#expr:4/27 round 2}} || 2010–present
|-
|align=left| '''[[Youssouf Oumarou]]''' || 53 || {{#expr:4/53 round 2}} || 2013–present
|-
|align=left| [[Koffi Dan Kowa]] || 67 || {{#expr:4/67 round 2}} || 2008–2018
|-
|}
{{col-end}}

== Ihe ndekọ asọmpi ==

=== Ihe ndekọ FIFA World Cup ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; |Iko Mbaụwa FIFA
! rowspan=&quot;39&quot; width=&quot;1%&quot; |
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Ntinye aka FIFA World Cup
|-
!Afọ
!Njem
!Ọnọdụ
! 
! 
! *
! 
! 
! 
! 
! 
! 
! 
! 
! 
|-
|[[1930 FIFA World Cup|1930]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Akụkụ nke France''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Akụkụ nke France''
|-
|[[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934]]
|-
|[[Iko Mba Ụwa nke FIFA nke 1938|1938]]
|-
|[[1950 FIFA World Cup|1950]]
|-
|[[1954 FIFA World Cup|1954]]
|-
|[[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958]]
|-
|[[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |''abanyeghị''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |''abanyeghị''
|-
|[[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966]]
|-
|[[1970 FIFA World Cup|1970]]
|-
|[[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974]]
|-
|[[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''erughị eru''
|2
|1
|0
|1
|3
|6
|-
|[[1982 FIFA World Cup|1982]]
|6
|2
|2
|2
|4
|7
|-
|[[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''Ọ lara ezumike nká''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Ọ lara ezumike nká''
|-
|[[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''abanyeghị''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''abanyeghị''
|-
|[[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''erughị eru''
|4
|2
|1
|1
|3
|2
|-
|[[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''Ọ lara ezumike nká''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Ọ lara ezumike nká''
|-
|[[2002 FIFA World Cup|2002]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''abanyeghị''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''abanyeghị''
|-
|[[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |''erughị eru''
|2
|0
|0
|2
|0
|7
|-
|[[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010]]
|6
|1
|0
|5
|5
|11
|-
|[[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014]]
|6
|1
|1
|4
|6
|12
|-
|[[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]]
|4
|2
|1
|1
|6
|3
|-
|[[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022]]
|6
|2
|1
|3
|13
|17
|-
|[[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''ka a kpebie ya''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''ka a kpebie ya''
|-
!'''Ngụkọta'''
!
!'''0/22'''
!
!
!
!
!
!
!36
!11
!6
!19
!40
!65
|}

=== Ihe ndekọ nke iko mba Afrịka ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; |Ihe ndekọ nke iko mba Afrịka
|-
!Afọ
!Njem
!Ọnọdụ
! 
! 
! 
! 
! 
! 
|-
|[[1957 Iko Mba Afrịka|1957]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Akụkụ nke France''
|-
|[[1959 Iko Mba Afrịka|1959]]
|-
|[[1962 Iko Mba Afrịka|1962]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Enweghị njikọ na CAF''
|-
|[[1963 Iko Mba Afrịka|1963]]
|-
|[[1965 Iko Mba Afrịka|1965]]
|-
|[[1968 Iko Mba Afrịka|1968]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''abanyeghị''
|-
|[[1970 Iko Mba Afrịka|1970]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''erughị eru''
|-
|[[1972 Iko Mba Afrịka|1972]]
|-
|[[1974 Iko Mba Afrịka|1974]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''Ọ lara ezumike nká''
|-
|[[1976 Iko Mba Afrịka|1976]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''erughị eru''
|-
|[[1978 Iko Mba Afrịka|1978]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Ọ lara ezumike nká''
|-
|[[1980 Iko Mba Afrịka|1980]]
|-
|[[1982 Iko Mba Afrịka|1982]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''abanyeghị''
|-
|[[1984 Iko Mba Afrịka|1984]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''erughị eru''
|-
|[[1986 Iko Mba Afrịka|1986]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''abanyeghị''
|-
|[[1988 Iko Mba Afrịka|1988]]
|-
|[[1990 Iko Mba Afrịka|1990]]
|-
|[[1992 Iko Mba Afrịka|1992]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''erughị eru''
|-
|[[1994 Iko Mba Afrịka|1994]]
|-
|[[1996 Iko Mba Afrịka|1996]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''Ọ lara ezumike nká n'oge iru eru''
|-
|[[1998 Iko Mba Afrịka|1998]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''A chụpụrụ ya n'ihi ịpụ na 1996''
|-
|[[2000 Iko Mba Afrịka|2000]] to &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; [[2010 Africa Cup of Nations|2010]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''erughị eru''
|-
|[[2012 Africa Cup of Nations|2012]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nzọụkwụ otu
|Nke iri na ise
|3
|0
|0
|3
|1
|5
|-
|[[2013 Africa Cup of Nations|2013]]
|Nke iri na ise
|3
|0
|1
|2
|0
|4
|-
|[[2015 Iko Mba Afrịka|2015]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |''erughị eru''
|-
|[[2017 Iko Mba Afrịka|2017]]
|-
|[[2019 Iko Mba Afrịka|2019]]
|-
|[[2021 Iko Mba Afrịka|2021]]
|-
|[[2023 Iko Mba Afrịka|2023]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''ka a kpebie ya''
|-
|[[2025 Iko Mba Afrịka|2025]]
|-
!Ngụkọta
!Nzọụkwụ otu
!2/33
!6
!0
!1
!5
!1
!9
|}
[[Usòrò:Morocco_vs_Niger,_February_09_2011-2.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Ndị otu mba Niger megide Morocco, 9 Febụwarị 2011]]

=== Ihe ndekọ nke African Nations Championship ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; |Mmeri Mba Afrịka
|-
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; |Ebe ọ pụtara: 4
|-
!Afọ
!Njem
!Ọnọdụ
! 
! 
! *
! 
! 
! 
|-
|[[2009 African Nations Championship|2009]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''erughị eru''
|-
|[[2011 African Nations Championship|2011]]
|Ọkara ikpeazụ
|Nke asaa
|4
|2
|1
|1
|3
|3
|-
|[[2014 African Nations Championship|2014]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''erughị eru''
|-
|[[2016 African Nations Championship|2016]]
|Nzọụkwụ otu
|Nke iri na isii
|3
|0
|1
|2
|3
|11
|-
|[[2018 African Nations Championship|2018]]
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |''erughị eru''
|-
|[[2020 African Nations Championship|2020]]
|Nzọụkwụ otu
|Nke iri na abụọ
|3
|0
|2
|1
|2
|3
|- style=&quot;background:#9acdff&quot;
|[[2022 African Nations Championship|2022]]
|Ebe nke anọ
|Nke anọ
|5
|2
|1
|2
|3
|6
|-
!'''Ngụkọta'''
!'''Ebe nke anọ'''
!'''4/7'''
!'''15'''
!'''4'''
!'''5'''
!'''6'''
!'''11'''
!'''23'''
|}

== Ihe ndekọ ihu na ihu ==
{{updated|19 November 2019}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Opponent
!Games
!Wins
!Draws
!Losses
!Goals For
!Goals Against
!Goal Differential
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Algeria
|5
|1
|0
|4
|1
|14
|−13
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Angola
|2
|0
|0
|2
|2
|5
|−3
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Benin
|15
|3
|5
|7
|17
|24
|−7
|- bgcolor=&quot;#CCFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Botswana
|3
|2
|1
|0
|4
|2
| +2
|- bgcolor=&quot;#CCFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Burundi
|1
|1
|0
|0
|3
|1
| +2
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Burkina Faso
|15
|3
|5
|7
|13
|22
|−9
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Cameroon
|3
|0
|1
|2
|0
|4
|−4
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Central African Republic
|2
|0
|1
|1
|3
|5
|−2
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Chad
|1
|0
|1
|0
|1
|1
|0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Congo
|4
|0
|1
|3
|3
|10
|−7
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | DR Congo
|1
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ivory Coast
|13
|0
|2
|11
|9
|29
|−20
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Egypt
|6
|1
|1
|4
|2
|16
|−14
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Equatorial Guinea
|1
|0
|1
|0
|1
|1
|0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ethiopia
|3
|1
|0
|2
|3
|4
|−1
|- bgcolor=&quot;#CCFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Eswatini
|2
|1
|1
|0
|2
|1
| +1
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Gabon
|6
|1
|0
|5
|5
|13
|−8
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Gambia
|1
|0
|1
|0
|1
|1
|0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ghana
|11
|0
|1
|10
|4
|38
|−34
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Guinea
|7
|3
|0
|4
|8
|11
|−3
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Lesotho
|2
|1
|0
|1
|3
|3
|0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Liberia
|7
|3
|1
|3
|7
|10
|−3
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Libya
|4
|0
|3
|1
|4
|8
|−4
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Madagascar
|1
|0
|0
|1
|2
|6
|−4
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Mali
|8
|1
|2
|5
|4
|10
|−6
|- bgcolor=&quot;#CCFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Mauritania
|5
|3
|2
|0
|10
|3
| +7
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Morocco
|7
|1
|0
|6
|2
|16
|−14
|- bgcolor=&quot;#CCFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Namibia
|1
|1
|0
|0
|2
|1
| +1
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Nigeria
|3
|0
|0
|3
|1
|7
|−6
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Senegal
|5
|1
|1
|3
|3
|6
|−3
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Sierra Leone
|6
|3
|0
|3
|11
|15
|−4
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Somalia
|2
|0
|2
|0
|1
|1
|0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | South Africa
|2
|1
|0
|1
|2
|3
|−1
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Togo
|9
|3
|3
|3
|13
|14
|−1
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Tunisia
|3
|0
|0
|3
|2
|4
|−2
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Uganda
|5
|2
|1
|2
|6
|6
|0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ukraine
|1
|0
|0
|1
|1
|2
|−1
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | United Arab Emirates
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
|4
|−4
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
!38 Countries
!174
!37
!38
!99
!156
!320
!−164
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Football in Niger}}{{CAF teams}}{{WAFU Football}}{{National sports teams of Niger}}{{2013 Africa Cup of Nations finalists}}A{{Niger squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations}}{{Niger squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ọdịdị ala nke Benin</title>
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[[Usòrò:Benin2021OSM.png|thumb|Map zuru ezu nke Benin nwere ike ịbawanye]]
[[Benin]], bụ ala dị warara, nke nwere ọdịdị igodo, nke dị n'ebe ugwu na ndịda na ọdịda anyanwụ [[Eluàlà|Afrịka]] , dị n'etiti Equator na Tropic of Cancer. Latitude ya sitere na ọnụ 6°30′ N ruo 12°30′ n &quot;na longitude ya site na 1° E ruo 3°40′ E. Ọ dị n'ókè [[Togo|obodo Togo]] n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, [[Burkina Faso|nke Burkina Faso]] na Niger n'ebe ugwu, [[Niger|Nijiria]] n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, a na akpọ Bight of Benin n'ebe ndịda.

Na mpaghara nke ọnụ Ọgụgụ nke a 112,622 km2 (43,484 ), ọ dị ntakịrị karịa mba [[Bulgaria]]. Ọ na-agbasa site na Osimiri Niger n'ebe ugwu ruo n'Oké [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Osimiri]] Atlantic n'ebe ndịda, nke dị ọnụ Ọgụgụ 700 (435 mi). Ọ bụ ezie na ụsọ oké osimiri ahụ dị kilota otú narị na iri abụọ na otu (75 mi), mba ahụ dị ihe dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke a 325 (202 mi) n'ebe kachasị obosara.

Ọ bụ otu n'ime obere mba dị na Ndịda Afrịka , ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ asatọ nke Naịjirịa, onye agbata obi ya n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ okpukpu abụọ karịa obodo Togo, onye agbata obi ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ . nke Map relief nke Benin na-egosi na ọ nwere obere ọdịiche na ịdị elu, nkezi ọnụ Ọgụgụ 200 m (656 ) na ịdị elu.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
[[Usòrò:Benin_Topography.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|Akụkọ ọdịdị ala nke Benin]]
Enwere ike kewaa mba ahụ n'ime mpaghara anọ site na ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu. Ala dị ala, ájá, ala dị larịị, nke nwere elu kachasị elu nke ọnụ Ọgụgụ ya bụ 10 m (33 ) bụ, ma ọ dịkarịa àlà , 10 km (6 ) n'obosara. Ọ bụ marshy na juputara na ọdọ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri jikọtara ya na oké osimiri. Ala dị larịị nke ndịda n'ógbè Benin, nke ịdị elu ya dị n'agbata iri abụọ na narị abụọ m (66 na 656 ), kewara site na ndagwurugwu na-aga n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda n'akụkụ Osimiri Couffo, Zou, na Oueme, mpaghara nke World Wildlife Fund kewara dị ka akụkụ nke mpaghara ọhịa Guinea-savanna mosaic ecoregion. Mgbe ahụ, mpaghara ala dị larịị nke nwere ugwu ndị nwere nkume nke ịdị elu ya na-erughị 400 m (1,312 ) na-agbasa gburugburu Nikki na Savé. N'ikpeazụ, ugwu Atacora gbasaa n'ókè ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ wee banye Togo na ebe kachasị elu, Mont Sokbaro, na 658 m (2,159 ).

Benin nwere ubi ndị na-adịghị mma, mangroves, na ihe ndị fọdụrụ na nnukwu ọhịa dị nsọ. N'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mba ahụ, ahịhịa ogwu jupụtara na savanna ma nwee nnukwu osisi nke akpọrọ baobab. Oké ọhịa ụfọdụ dị n'akụkụ osimiri. N'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke akpọrọ Benin, Reserve du W du Niger na Pendjari National Park na-adọta ndị njem nleta na-achọsi ike ịhụ enyí, ọdụm, antelopes, enyí mmiri na enwe. Mba ahụ nyere ebe obibi maka nkịta ịchụ nta a na-ese n'ihe ize ndụ, ''Lycaon pictus'', ọ bụ ezie na a na-ewere na e kpochapụrụ canid a na Benin n'ihi mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;C. Michael Hogan. 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Osisi mejupụtara ihe dị ka pasent iri atọ na otu nke ala Benin.&lt;ref&gt;Rebecca Kormos and Christophe Boesch. 2003&lt;/ref&gt;

Ebe: '''Ebe''' Ọdịda Anyanwụ [[Eluàlà|Afrịka]] , n'ókè ugwu Atlantic Ocean, n'etiti Naijiria na [[Togo]]

Nhazi ala:  / 9.500°N 2.250°E / 9. 500; 2.250

'''Kọntinent''': Africa

'''Mpaghara''': ''ngụkọta'': 11&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 622 km2 ''mba'' ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụwa: 102 ''ala'': 110 622 km2, ''mmiri'': 2 000 km2

'''Ntụnyere mpaghara'''

* Ntụnyere [[Ostraliya|Australia]]: ihe dị ka ọkara nke Victoria
* [[Kánada|Canada]] tụnyere: okpukpu 1.5 karịa New Brunswick
* [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] tụnyere: obere karịa England
* United States tụnyere: obere karịa [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]]

'''Ókèala ala''': ''ngụkọta'': 2 123 km ókèala ''mba'': [[Burkina Faso]] 386 km, Niger 277 km, [[Niger|Nigeria]] 809 km, [[Togo]] 651 km

Ụsọ oké osimiri: kilomita 121

'''Nkwupụta ụgbọ mmiri''': oke osimiri ala: 200 nautical miles (370.4 km)

'''Ọnọdụ ihu igwe''': okpomọkụ; okpomọkụ, mmiri na ndịda; semiarid na ugwu

Ala: ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị larịị ruo n''''ala''' dị larị iche; ụfọdụ ugwu na ugwu dị ala

Elu dị elu: ''ebe kachasị al'': Oké Osimiri Atlantic 0 m ebe kachasị elu: Ugwu Sokbaro 658 m

'''Ihe ndị sitere n'okike''': obere mmanụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, limestone, marble, osisi

Ojiji ala: ''ala a na-akọ ugbo'': 23.94% ''ihe ọkụkụ na-adịgide adịgide'': 3.99% ''ndị ọz'': 72.06% (2012)

'''Ala a na-agba mmiri''': 230.4 km2 (2012)

'Ngụkọta mmiri a na-agbanwe agbanwe: 26.39 km3 (2011)

'''Mmiri''' dị ọcha (ụlọ / ụlọ ọrụ / ọrụ ugbo): ''ngụkọta'': 0.13 km3/a (32%/23%/45%) ''kwa onye'': 18.74 m3/a (2001)

'''Ihe ize ndụ sitere n'okike''': ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ, nke kpọrọ nkụ, nke uzuzu ya nwere ike imetụta ugwu na Disemba ruo Machị

'''Mpaghara - nsogbu ndị dị ugbu a''': mmiri ọṅụṅụ ezughi oke; ịchụ nta na-eyi ụmụ anụ ọhịa egwu; mgbukpọ ọhịa; ọzara

'''Gburugburu ebe obibi - nkwekọrịta mba ụwa''': ''otu na:'' Biodiversity, [[Ọgbakọ Otú United Nations Fremewok maka Ngbanwe Iru igwe|Mgbanwe ihu igwe]], Mgbanwe Ihu igwe-Kyoto Protocol Desertification, Ụdị Ndị nọ n'Ihe ize ndụ, Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi, Ihe Ndị Dị ize ndụ, Iwu Oké Osimiri, [[Montreal Protocol|Nchedo]] Ozone Layer, Mmetọ Ụgbọ Mmiri, Wetlands, Whaling

Sandbanks na-eme ka o sie ike ịbanye n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-enweghị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ọnụ osimiri, ma ọ bụ agwaetiti.

== Ọnọdụ ihu igwe ==
[[Usòrò:Benin_map_of_Köppen_climate_classification.svg|thumb|Map Benin nke mpaghara nkewa ihu igwe Köppen]]
[[Usòrò:DEGAN_Gabin_(_the_tasks_of_man).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|nwoke na-ebu ogwe osisi n'oge mmiri ozuzo (Ọktoba 2018)]]
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Benin na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ekwo ekwo. Mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ n'akụkụ osimiri na-eme nkezi 1,360 mm (53.5 in), ọ bụghị nke dị elu maka West Africa. Benin nwere oge mmiri ozuzo abụọ na oge ọkọchị abụọ. Oge mmiri ozuzo bụ site na Eprel ruo ngwụcha Julaị, na oge mmiri ozuzo dị mkpirikpi site na ngwụcha Septemba ruo Nọvemba. Oge ọkọchị bụ site na Disemba ruo Eprel, yana oge ọkọchị dị mkpirikpi site na ngwụcha Julaị ruo mmalite Septemba. Okpomọkụ na iru mmiri dị elu n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Na Cotonou, nkezi okpomọkụ kachasị elu bụ 31 (87.8 °F); nke kacha nta bụ 24 °C (75.2 ). Mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ na-abawanye mgbe ị na-aga n'ebe ugwu site na savanna na plateau na-aga Sahel. Ifufe kpọrọ nkụ sitere na Sahara nke a na-akpọ harmattan na-ebugharị site na Disemba ruo Machị. Ahịhịa na-akpọnwụ, ahịhịa ahụ na-acha ọbara ọbara, na ájá dị mma na-ese n'elu mba ahụ, na-eme ka ihu igwe kpuchie. Ọ bụkwa oge ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ere brush n'ọhịa ọkụ.{{Weather box|width=auto|collapsed=yes|metric first=yes|single line=yes|location=Porto-Novo|Jan mean C=27|Feb mean C=28|Mar mean C=28|Apr mean C=28|May mean C=27|Jun mean C=26|Jul mean C=25|Aug mean C=25|Sep mean C=25|Oct mean C=26|Nov mean C=27|Dec mean C=27|year mean C=26|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=23|Feb rain mm=34|Mar rain mm=86|Apr rain mm=127|May rain mm=215|Jun rain mm=370|Jul rain mm=129|Aug rain mm=44|Sep rain mm=89|Oct rain mm=140|Nov rain mm=52|Dec rain mm=16|source 1=&lt;ref name=Weatherbase&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=653440&amp;refer=&amp;cityname=Porto-Novo-Benin&amp;units= |title=Weatherbase |publisher=Weatherbase |access-date=December 13, 2012 |accessdate=May 7, 2023 |archivedate=March 6, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306003711/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=653440&amp;refer=&amp;cityname=Porto-Novo-Benin&amp;units= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}{{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=Yes|single line=Yes|location=Cotonou (1961–1990, extremes 1910–present)|collapsed=yes|Jan record high C=36.1|Feb record high C=38.6|Mar record high C=36.0|Apr record high C=35.4|May record high C=39.0|Jun record high C=33.0|Jul record high C=33.5|Aug record high C=31.8|Sep record high C=31.6|Oct record high C=33.4|Nov record high C=35.4|Dec record high C=36.6|year record high C=39.0|Jan high C=30.8|Feb high C=31.6|Mar high C=31.9|Apr high C=31.6|May high C=31.0|Jun high C=29.2|Jul high C=28.0|Aug high C=27.8|Sep high C=28.4|Oct high C=29.6|Nov high C=30.9|Dec high C=30.8|year high C=30.1|Jan mean C=27.3|Feb mean C=28.5|Mar mean C=28.9|Apr mean C=28.6|May mean C=27.8|Jun mean C=26.5|Jul mean C=25.8|Aug mean C=25.6|Sep mean C=26.0|Oct mean C=26.7|Nov mean C=27.6|Dec mean C=27.3|year mean C=27.2|Jan low C=23.8|Feb low C=25.4|Mar low C=25.9|Apr low C=25.6|May low C=24.6|Jun low C=23.7|Jul low C=23.7|Aug low C=23.4|Sep low C=23.6|Oct low C=23.8|Nov low C=24.3|Dec low C=23.8|year low C=24.3|Jan record low C=17.0|Feb record low C=17.9|Mar record low C=18.5|Apr record low C=20.7|May record low C=19.6|Jun record low C=20.0|Jul record low C=18.8|Aug record low C=19.8|Sep record low C=20.0|Oct record low C=19.1|Nov record low C=21.0|Dec record low C=17.9|year record low C=17.0|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=9.2|Feb rain mm=36.8|Mar rain mm=73.8|Apr rain mm=137.0|May rain mm=196.9|Jun rain mm=356.0|Jul rain mm=147.0|Aug rain mm=64.9|Sep rain mm=99.0|Oct rain mm=126.7|Nov rain mm=41.4|Dec rain mm=19.6|Jan humidity=82|Feb humidity=82|Mar humidity=80|Apr humidity=82|May humidity=83|Jun humidity=87|Jul humidity=86|Aug humidity=86|Sep humidity=86|Oct humidity=86|Nov humidity=85|Dec humidity=83|year humidity=84|unit rain days=1.0 mm|Jan rain days=1|Feb rain days=2|Mar rain days=4|Apr rain days=7|May rain days=11|Jun rain days=15|Jul rain days=8|Aug rain days=5|Sep rain days=8|Oct rain days=8|Nov rain days=4|Dec rain days=2|Jan sun=213.9|Feb sun=210.0|Mar sun=223.2|Apr sun=219.0|May sun=213.9|Jun sun=141.0|Jul sun=136.4|Aug sun=148.8|Sep sun=165.0|Oct sun=207.7|Nov sun=243.0|Dec sun=223.2|year sun=2345.1|Jand sun=6.9|Febd sun=7.5|Mard sun=7.2|Aprd sun=7.3|Mayd sun=6.9|Jund sun=4.7|Juld sun=4.4|Augd sun=4.8|Sepd sun=5.5|Octd sun=6.7|Novd sun=8.1|Decd sun=7.2|yeard sun=6.4|source 1=NOAA&lt;ref name = NOAA&gt;{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/B3/65344.TXT
| title = Cotonou, Benin Climate Normals 1961-1990
| access-date = December 19, 2018
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}&lt;/ref&gt;|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1951–1967),&lt;ref name = DWD&gt;{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_653440_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Cotonou, Prov. Atlantique (Süd) / Benin
| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 11 June 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200224194408/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_653440_kt.pdf
| archive-date = 24 February 2020
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)&lt;ref name = meteoclimat&gt;{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&amp;id=812
| title = Station Cotonou
| publisher = Meteo Climat
| language = fr
| access-date = 11 June 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200305160814/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&amp;id=812
| archive-date = 5 March 2020
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt;|date=March 2011}}{{Weather box|width=auto|collapsed=yes|metric first=yes|single line=yes|location=Kandi (1961–1990, extremes 1921–present)|Jan record high C=41.2|Feb record high C=43.0|Mar record high C=43.3|Apr record high C=43.9|May record high C=43.3|Jun record high C=40.9|Jul record high C=38.9|Aug record high C=39.9|Sep record high C=39.8|Oct record high C=41.5|Nov record high C=39.5|Dec record high C=39.5|year record high C=43.9|Jan high C=33.6|Feb high C=36.4|Mar high C=38.4|Apr high C=38.6|May high C=36.2|Jun high C=33.3|Jul high C=30.9|Aug high C=30.2|Sep high C=31.1|Oct high C=34.2|Nov high C=35.3|Dec high C=33.8|year high C=34.3|Jan mean C=24.9|Feb mean C=27.8|Mar mean C=30.9|Apr mean C=32.1|May mean C=30.4|Jun mean C=28.1|Jul mean C=26.4|Aug mean C=26.0|Sep mean C=26.2|Oct mean C=27.8|Nov mean C=26.5|Dec mean C=24.8|year mean C=27.7|Jan low C=16.1|Feb low C=19.2|Mar low C=23.4|Apr low C=25.6|May low C=24.6|Jun low C=22.9|Jul low C=21.9|Aug low C=21.8|Sep low C=21.4|Oct low C=21.4|Nov low C=17.7|Dec low C=15.8|year low C=21.0|Jan record low C=10.0|Feb record low C=12.6|Mar record low C=15.2|Apr record low C=17.0|May record low C=16.5|Jun record low C=14.9|Jul record low C=18.6|Aug record low C=19.0|Sep record low C=15.0|Oct record low C=14.0|Nov record low C=10.8|Dec record low C=5.0|year record low C=5.0|Jan precipitation mm=0.2|Feb precipitation mm=2.9|Mar precipitation mm=8.2|Apr precipitation mm=40.5|May precipitation mm=107.0|Jun precipitation mm=152.7|Jul precipitation mm=196.9|Aug precipitation mm=271.9|Sep precipitation mm=190.9|Oct precipitation mm=34.1|Nov precipitation mm=0.5|Dec precipitation mm=0.6|year precipitation mm=1006.6|Jan humidity=33|Feb humidity=28|Mar humidity=36|Apr humidity=52|May humidity=65|Jun humidity=75|Jul humidity=82|Aug humidity=85|Sep humidity=85|Oct humidity=76|Nov humidity=54|Dec humidity=40|year humidity=59|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=0|Feb precipitation days=0|Mar precipitation days=1|Apr precipitation days=3|May precipitation days=8|Jun precipitation days=10|Jul precipitation days=13|Aug precipitation days=16|Sep precipitation days=13|Oct precipitation days=3|Nov precipitation days=0|Dec precipitation days=0|year precipitation days=67|Jan sun=279.0|Feb sun=257.6|Mar sun=260.4|Apr sun=255.0|May sun=272.8|Jun sun=252.0|Jul sun=223.2|Aug sun=195.3|Sep sun=213.0|Oct sun=275.9|Nov sun=282.0|Dec sun=279.0|year sun=3045.2|source 1=NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/B3/65306.TXT |title=KANDI Climate Normals 1961-1990 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=June 11, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1951–1967),&lt;ref name = DWDkandi&gt;
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_653060_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Kandi, Prov. Borgou (Nordost) / Benin
| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 11 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)&lt;ref name = meteoclimatkandi&gt;
{{cite web 
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&amp;id=1566
| title = Station Kansi
| publisher = Meteo Climat 
|language = fr 
| access-date = 11 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== Ihe ndị dị oke mkpa ==
Nke a bụ ndepụta nke ebe ndị dị oke egwu nke [[Benin]], ebe ndị dị n'ebe ugwu, ndịda, ọwụwa anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ọdịda anyanwụ karịa ebe ọ bụla ọzọ.

* Ebe kachasị n'ebe ugwu bụ ebe Osimiri Mékrou na [[Oshimiri Orimiri|osimiri Niger]] na-agakọ n'ókè ya na [[Niger]], Ngalaba Alibori
* Ebe kachasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Néganzi, Ngalaba Borgou
* Ebe kachasị n'ebe ndịda bụ ebe ókèala ya na [[Togo]] na-abanye n'Oké Osimiri Atlantic, Ngalaba Mono
* Ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na Togo ozugbo n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke [[Tiokossi]] na Datori, Ngalaba Atakora

== Ndemsibia ==

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [https://web.archive.org/web/20101209234758/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=35993 Nkịta na-achụ nta e sere ese: Lycaon pictus, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg]
* Rebecca Kormos na Christophe Boesch. 2003. West African ''chimpanzees'': nyocha ọnọdụ na atụmatụ nchekwa, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, 219 peeji ISBN , 
*  This article incorporates public domain material from .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:&quot;\&quot;&quot;&quot;\&quot;&quot;&quot;'&quot;&quot;'&quot;}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}World Factbook.
*  This article incorporates public domain material from .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:&quot;\&quot;&quot;&quot;\&quot;&quot;&quot;'&quot;&quot;'&quot;}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg&quot;)right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets..

== Ihe edeturu n'ahịrị ==
{{Reflist}}

== mpụga njikọ ==

* Map ala nke Benin [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311043015/http://eusoils.jrc.it/esdb_archive/EuDASM/africa/lists/cbj.htm European Digital Archive na] Map ala nke ụwa
{{Benin topics}}{{Geography of Africa}}{{Africa topic|Climate of}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Nkwekọrịta Kyoto</title>
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      <text bytes="122509" sha1="0h5webuduzuq1lqkanjmyhk74yxo790" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name  = Kyoto Protocol
| long_name  = Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC
| image  = Kyoto Protocol parties.svg
| image_width  = 355
| caption ={{legend|#008000|Annex B parties with binding targets in the second period}} {{legend|purple|Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but not the second}} {{legend|#0000FF|Non-Annex B parties without binding targets}} {{legend|#EEEE00|Annex B parties with binding targets in the first period but which withdrew from the Protocol}} {{legend|orange|Signatories to the Protocol that have not ratified}} {{legend|#FF1111|Other UN member states and observers that are not party to the Protocol}}
| date_drafted =
| date_signed  = {{dts|11 December 1997}}&lt;ref name=parties/&gt;
| location_signed = [[Kyoto, Japan]]
| date_sealed  = 
| date_effective = 16 February 2005&lt;ref name=parties/&gt;
| condition_effective = Ratification by at least 55 states to the Convention
| date_expiration = 31 December 2012 (first commitment period)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|title=Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;31 December 2020 (second commitment period)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|title=What is the Kyoto Protocol?|publisher=UNFCCC}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| signatories  = 84&lt;ref name=parties/&gt; (1998–1999 signing period)
| parties  = [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|192]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |title=Status of Ratification |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|website=unfccc.int}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=UNlist/&gt; (the European Union, Cook Islands, Niue, and all [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] except Andorra, Canada, South Sudan, and the United States as of 2022)
| depositor  = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] 
| language  =
| languages  = Arabic, Mandarin, English, French, Russian, and Spanish
| website  =
| wikisource  = Kyoto Protocol
}}
{{Infobox person 
| name  = Kyoto Protocol Extension (2012–2020)
| long_name  = Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol
| type  = Amendment to international agreement
| image  = Doha Amendment of Kyoto.svg
| image_width  = 350
| caption  = Acceptance of the Doha Amendment
{{legend|#32CD32|States that ratified}}
{{legend|#b9b9b9|Kyoto protocol parties that did not ratify}}
{{legend|#e9e9e9|Non-parties to the Kyoto Protocol}}
| date_drafted = 8 December 2012
| location_signed = [[Doha]], [[Qatar]]
| date_sealed  =
| date_effective = 31 December 2020&lt;ref name=DOHARAT/&gt;
| condition_effective = Ratification by 144 state parties required
| date_expiration = 31 December 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|title=Nigeria, Jamaica bring closure to the Kyoto Protocol era, in last-minute dash|publisher=Climate Change News|date=2 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| signatories  = &lt;!--there is only ratification/acception...--&gt;
| ratifiers  = 147&lt;ref name=DOHARAT&gt;{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&amp;chapter=27&amp;clang=_en|title=7.c Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|work=UN Treaty Database|access-date= 19 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| depositor  =
| language  =
| languages  =
| website  =
| wikisource  = Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol
}}  

Nkwekọrịta Kyoto bụ nkwekọrịta mba ụwa nke gbatịpụrụ 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) nke na-eme ka ndị otu steeti belata ikuku ikuku griin, dabere na nkwenye sayensị na (akụkụ nke mbụ) okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ na-eme yana (akụkụ nke abụọ).  na ikuku CO2 mmadụ mere na-ebu ya. A nabatara Kyoto Protocol na [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]], na 11 Disemba 1997 wee banye n'ọrụ na 16 Febụwarị 2005. E nwere òtù narị na iri itoolu na abụọ na nzukọ ahụ (Canada si na protocol ahụ pụọ, malite na Disemba 2012) gaa na Protocol na 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNlist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&amp;chapter=27&amp;lang=en|title=7.a Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|work=UN Treaty Database|accessdate=27 November 2014|archivedate=8 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095709/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&amp;chapter=27&amp;lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Kyoto Protocol mejuputa atumatu UNFCCC iji belata mmalite nke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ site n'ibelata mkpokọta gas na-ekpo ọkụ na ikuku ruo &quot;ọkwa nke ga-egbochi nnyonye anya anthropogenic dị ize ndụ na usoro ihu igwe&quot; (Nkeji 2).  Usoro Kyoto etinyere na gas griin haus asaa edepụtara na Annex A: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen trifluoride (  NF3).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|title=Overview of greenhouse gases - Defra, UK|work=Naei.beis.gov.uk|accessdate=2 March 2022|archivedate=23 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123114338/https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbakwunyere nitrogen trifluoride maka oge nke abụọ n'oge Doha Round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|title=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|work=Unfcc.int|accessdate=2 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nkwekọrịta ahụ dabere n'ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ nkịtị ma bụrụ kwa nke dị iche iche: ọ kwenyere na mba nke ọ bụla nwere ikike dị iche iche n'ịlụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ, n'ihi mmepe akụ na ụba, ya mere o tinyere ọrụ iji belata ihe ọkụkụ ugbu a na mba ndị mepere emepe na ndabere na ha, n'oge gara aga, na-ahụ maka ọkwa ikuku griin ha dị ugbu a na ikuku.

Oge nkwekọrịta mbụ nke Protocol malitere n'afọ 2008 wee kwụsị na 2012. Mba iri atọ na isii niile sonyere n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'oge nkwa mbụ ahụ kwekọrọ na Protocol. Otú ọ dị, mba itoolu aghaghị ịmalite usoro mgbanwe site n'ịkwado mbelata ikuku ikuku na mba ndị ọzọ n'ihi na ikuku mba ha dị ntakịrị karịa ihe ha chọrọ. Nsogbu ego nke afọ 2007–08 nyere aka ibelata ihe ọkụkụ a. A hụrụ mbelata ihe ọkụkụ kachasị ukwuu na mba ndị bụbu Eastern Bloc n'ihi na mgbasa nke Soviet Union belatara ihe ọkụkụ ha na mmalite 1990s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shislov&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na mba ịrị atọ na isii mepere emepe belatara ikuku ha, ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ ji pasent ịrị atọ na abụọ rịa elu site na 1990 ruo 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;GapReport&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/8526/-The%20emissions%20gap%20report%202012_%20a%20UNEP%20synthesis%20reportemissionGapReport2012.pdf?sequence=3&amp;isAllowed=y|title=The Emissions Gap Report 2012|date=2012|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme|accessdate=2019-12-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ekwenyere oge nkwa nke abụọ na 2012 ịgbatị nkwekọrịta ahụ ruo 2020, nke a maara dị ka Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol, nke mba ịrị atọ na asaa nwere ebumnuche e jikọtara ọnụ: [[Ostraliya|Australia]], European Union (na mba ịrị abụọ na asatọ ya n'oge ahụ, nke dị ịrị abụọ na asaa ugbu a), [[Belarus]], [[Iceland]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Norway]], [[Switzerland]], na [[Yukrain|Ukraine]]. Belarus, Kazakhstan, na Ukraine kwuru na ha nwere ike ịpụ na Kyoto Protocol ma ọ bụ ghara itinye Ndezigharị ahụ n'ọrụ iwu na ebumnuche nke abụọ. Japan, [[New Zealand]], na Russia sonyere na agba nke mbụ nke Kyoto mana ha emeghị ihe ọhụrụ na oge nke abụọ. Mba ndị ọzọ mepere emepe na-enweghị ebumnuche nke abụọ bụ Canada (nke si na Kyoto Protocol pụọ na 2012) na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] (nke na-akwadoghị). Mkpebi mba Canada mere ịpụ bụ ihe wutere minista gburugburu ebe obibi, Peter Kent. Ọ bụrụ na ha ga-anọgide dị ka akụkụ nke usoro iwu ahụ, a ga-akwụ Canada ụgwọ ijeri dọla ịrị na anọ, nke ga-emebi akụ na ụba ha, ya mere mkpebi na-achọghị ịpụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=|date=December 12, 2011|title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto Protocol|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072|accessdate=11 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule Ọktọba 2020, steeti otú narị na iri anọ na asaa anabatala nkwekọrịta Doha Amendment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|work=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|accessdate=23 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere na Disemba 31, 2020, na-esochi nnabata ya site na opekata mpe steeti otu narị na iri anọ na anọ, n'agbanyeghị na oge nkwa nke abụọ kwụsịrị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ. N'ime ndị otu iri atọ na asaa nwere nkwekọrịta, iri atọ na anọ kwadoro.

Emere mkparita uka n'usoro nke UNFCCC kwa afo ogbako mgbanwe ihu igwe maka ihe a ga-eme mgbe oge nke abuo gwusiri na 2020. Nke a butere na 2015 nnabata nke Paris Agreement, nke bu ihe di iche n'okpuru UNFCCC kama imeghari Kyoto Protocol..

== Ntọala na Mmalite ==
 
[[Usòrò:Kyoto_Parties_with_first_period_(2008-2012)_greenhouse_gas_emissions_limitations_targets_and_the_percentage_change_in_their_carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_fuel_combustion_between_1990_and_2009.png|alt=Refer to caption|thumb|Ndị otu Kyoto nwere oge mbụ (2008 – 12) na-achọ njedebe nke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ, na pasentị mgbanwe na ikuku carbon dioxide ha site na ọkụ ọkụ n'etiti 1990 na 2009. Maka nkọwa zuru ezu nke mba / mpaghara, lee Kyoto Protocol na ọrụ gọọmentị.]]
[[Usòrò:Overview_map_of_states_committed_to_greenhouse_gas_limitations_in_the_first_Kyoto_Protocol_period_(years_2008-2012)_(greyscale).png|alt=Refer to caption|thumb|Nchịkọta map nke steeti ndị na-etinye aka na njedebe nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ (GHG) n'oge mbụ nke Kyoto Protocol (2008 – 12):&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=n.d.|url=http://unfccc.int/essential_background/kyoto_protocol/items/1678.php|title=Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: Annex B|publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|accessdate=8 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;div class=&quot;legend&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;legend-color mw-no-invert&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#000000; color:white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Annex I Parties who have agreed to reduce their GHG emissions below their individual base year levels (see definition in this article)&lt;/div&gt;
   

Maka nkwekọrịta nkwụsịtụ nke ndị otu Annex I, lee ngalaba nke isiokwu ahụ na ebumnuche nkwụsịtụ na 2012 na &quot;usoro mgbanwe&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

European Union n'ozuzu ya, dịka nkwekọrịta a si dị, etinyela onwe ya aka belata pasent 8. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ mba ndị so na ya (dị ka Gris, Spain, Ireland na Sweden) etinyebeghị aka na mbelata ọ bụla ebe France etinyela aka na ya agaghị agbasawanye ikuku ya (0% mbelata).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kyoto 1st commitment period (2008–12)|url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/progress/kyoto_1_en|work=[[European Commission]]|accessdate=2020-03-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221064248/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/progress/kyoto_1_en|archivedate=2016-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Echiche bụ na ihe omume ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike kpatara ihe ka ukwuu n'ime mmụba a na-ahụ anya na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ (&quot;okpomọkụ ụwa&quot;) kemgbe etiti senchiri nke iri abụọ bụ ngosipụta ziri ezi nke echiche sayensị ugbu a..&lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite book|year=2001|author=US National Research Council|chapter=Summary|title=Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions|publisher=National Academy Press|location=Washington, D.C., U.S.A.|chapterurl=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10139&amp;page=3|doi=10.17226/10139|isbn=978-0-309-07574-9}}
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2008 us nrc Understanding and Responding to Climate Change&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|year=2008|title=Understanding and Responding to Climate Change|publisher=Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, US National Academy of Sciences|author=US National Research Council|url=http://americasclimatechoices.org/climate_change_2008_final.pdf|archive-date=2011-12-13|access-date=2023-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213210836/http://americasclimatechoices.org/climate_change_2008_final.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-atụ anya na okpomọkụ nke ihu igwe sitere na mmadụ ga-aga n'ihu na senchiri nke iri abụọ na otu na karịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;2008 us nrc Understanding and Responding to Climate Change&quot; /&gt;

Ngalaba Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) emepụtala atụmatụ dịgasị iche iche banyere ihe mmụba n'ọdịnihu na okpomọkụ ụwa nwere ike ịbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;2007 IPCC global warming projections&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|year=2007|chapter=3. Projected climate change and its impacts|title=Summary for Policymakers|series=etal|editor=Core Writing Team|publisher=Cambridge University Press|author=IPCC|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/spms3.html|accessdate=25 March 2010|archive-date=20 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120232817/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/spms3.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Atụmatụ IPCC bụ atụmatụ &quot;isi&quot;, nke pụtara na ha na-eche na ọ dịghị mgbalị a na-eme n'ọdịnihu iji belata gas na-ekpo ọkụ. Atụmatụ IPCC na-ekpuchi oge site na mmalite nke senchiri nke iri abụọ na otu ruo na njedebe nke senchiri nke iri abụọ na otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;2007 IPCC global warming projections&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Temperatures are measured relative to the average global temperature averaged over the years 1980–1999, with the projected change averaged over 2090–2099.&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ike ịbụ (dị ka a na-enyocha na ọ nwere ihe karịrị pasent ịrị isii na isii nke ịbụ eziokwu, dabere na mkpebi ndị ọkachamara nke IPCC) mmụba a na-atụ anya na okpomọkụ ụwa na senchiri nke iri abụọ otu nke dị n'etiti 1.1 na 6.4 °C.&lt;ref name=&quot;2007 IPCC global warming projections&quot; /&gt;

Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị na ntule okpomọkụ na-egosipụta akụkụ dị iche iche nke ikuku ikuku griin na-eme n'ọdịnihu.  Ntụle dị iche iche nwere echiche dị iche iche maka mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ọdịnihu (mmụba akụ na ụba, ọkwa mmadụ, atumatu ume), nke n'aka nke ya na-emetụta amụma nke gasị griin haus n'ọdịnihu (GHG) emissions.  Oke ahụ na-egosipụtakwa ejighị n'aka na nzaghachi nke usoro ihu igwe maka ihe ọkụkụ GHG gara aga na n'ọdịnihu (nke a na-atụle site na mmetụta ihu igwe)&lt;ref name=&quot;2009 karl ipcc global warming projections&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|year=2009|chapter=Global climate change|title=Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States|editor=Karl|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-521-14407-0|url=http://www.globalchange.gov/publications/reports/scientific-assessments/us-impacts/full-report/global-climate-change|series=etal|archive-date=2012-09-15|access-date=2023-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915115254/http://www.globalchange.gov/publications/reports/scientific-assessments/us-impacts/full-report/global-climate-change|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2009 karl ipcc global warming projections&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2009 karl ipcc global warming projections&quot; /&gt; 

=== Usoro ihe omume ===
'''1992''' – A na-enwe ọgbakọ UN maka gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe na Rio de Janeiro. O wetara ọgbakọ Framework Convention on Climate Change (&quot;FCCC&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;UNFCCC&quot;) n'etiti nkwekọrịta ndị ọzọ.

'''1995''' - Ndị otu UNFCCC na-ezukọ na Berlin (Ogbako izizi nke ndị otu (COP) na UNFCCC) iji kọwapụta ebumnuche akọwapụtara na ikuku.

'''1997''' – Na Disemba afọ 1997, ndị otu ahụ mechiri nkwekọrịta Kyoto na Kyoto, Japan, ebe ha kwenyere na usoro sara mbara nke ebumnuche mgbasa ikuku.

'''2004''' Russia na Canada kwadoro nkwekọrịta Kyoto na UNFCCC nke mere ka nkwekọrịta ahụ malite na 16 Febụwarị 2005

'''2011''' – Canada ghọrọ mba nke mbụ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ iji kwupụta ọpụpụ ya n'ọgbakọ Kyoto Protocol.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/Publications/default.asp?lang=En&amp;n=EE4F06AE-1&amp;xml=EE4F06AE-13EF-453B-B633-FCB3BAECEB4F&amp;offset=3&amp;toc=show|title=A Climate Change Plan for the Purposes of the Kyoto Protocol Implementation Act 2012: Canada's Withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol|date=11 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211142508/http://www.ec.gc.ca/Publications/default.asp?lang=En&amp;n=EE4F06AE-1&amp;xml=EE4F06AE-13EF-453B-B633-FCB3BAECEB4F&amp;offset=3&amp;toc=show|archivedate=11 February 2015|accessdate=2 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2012''' – oge nkwekọrịta mbụ n'okpuru Protocol ahụ gwụrụ.

=== Isiokwu nke abụọ nke UNFCCC ===
Ọtụtụ mba bụ ndị sonyere na United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Nkeji edemede nke abụọ nke ọgbakọ ahụ kwuru ebumnobi ya kachasị, nke bụ ime ka ikuku nke ikuku griin na ikuku kwụsie ike “n'ọkwa nke ga-egbochi nnyonye anya anthropogenic (mmadụ) dị ize ndụ na usoro ihu igwe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;2001d ipcc article 2 of UNFCCC&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|year=2001d|chapter=Question 1|title=Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report. A Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)|editor=Watson, R.T.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|author=IPCC|url=http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/vol4/english/017.htm|accessdate=25 December 2011|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204439/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/vol4/english/017.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sayensị okike ihe, teknụzụ na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nwere ike ịnye ozi gbasara mkpebi ndị metụtara ebumnuche a gụnyere oke na ọnụego mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ọdịnihu.&lt;ref name=&quot;2001d ipcc article 2 of UNFCCC&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, IPCC kwubiri na mkpebi nke ihe mejupụtara ntinye aka &quot;dị ize ndụ&quot; chọrọ ikpe bara uru, nke ga-adịgasị iche n'etiti mpaghara dị iche iche nke ụwa..&lt;ref name=&quot;2001d ipcc article 2 of UNFCCC&quot; /&gt; Ihe ndị nwere ike imetụta mkpebi a gụnyere nsonaazụ mpaghara nke mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe, ikike nke otu mpaghara ime mgbanwe maka mgbanwe ihu igwe, na ikike mpaghara iji belata ihe ọkụkụ GHG ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;2001d ipcc article 2 of UNFCCC&quot; /&gt;

== Ebumnuche ==
 
Ebumnuche bụ isi nke Kyoto Protocol bụ ịchịkwa ikuku nke isi anthropogenic (mmadụ na-ewepụta) greenhouse gas (GHGs) n'ụzọ ndị na-egosipụta ọdịiche mba dị na GHG, akụ na ụba, na ikike ime ka mbelata.&lt;ref name=&quot;2004 grubb kyoto&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Grubb|first=M.|year=2004|title=Kyoto and the Future of International Climate Change Responses: From Here to Where?|journal=International Review for Environmental Strategies|volume=5|issue=1|url=http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/rstaff/grubb/publications/J37.pdf|archive-date=2012-01-11|access-date=2023-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111215457/http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/rstaff/grubb/publications/J37.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwekọrịta ahụ na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi kwekọrịtara na 1992 UN Framework Convention.&lt;ref name=&quot;2004 grubb kyoto&quot; /&gt; Dịka nkwekọrịta ahụ siri dị, n'afọ 2012, Annex I Parties bụ ndị kwadoro nkwekọrịta ahụ ga-emezurịrị ọrụ ha nke mmachi ikuku ikuku griin haziri maka oge nkwekọrịta mbụ nke Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012). Edepụtara nkwa mmachi ikuku ndị a na Annex B nke Protocol.

Mkpebi mbụ nke Kyoto Protocol bụ nzọụkwụ mbụ zuru ezu e mere n'ime UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.&lt;ref name=&quot;gupta&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|year=2007|chapter=13.3.1 Evaluations of existing climate change agreements. In (book chapter): Policies, instruments, and co-operative arrangements.|title=Climate Change 2007: Mitigation.|series=etal|editor=B. Metz|publisher=Print version: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. This version: IPCC website|author=Gupta|first=S.|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch13s13-3-1.html|accessdate=2 April 2010|archive-date=3 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503040428/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch13s13-3-1.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Protocol ahụ na-ewepụta usoro nke oge mbelata ikuku. O debere usoro iheomume malite na 2006 maka mkparita uka iji guzobe nkwa mbelata ikuku maka oge nke abụọ. Nkwenye mbelata ikuku nke oge mbụ agwụla na 31 Disemba 2012.

Ebumnuche kachasị nke UNFCCC bụ &quot;ịkwado oke gas na ikuku na ọkwa nke ga-akwụsị itinye aka dị ize ndụ na usoro ihu igwe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;unfccc2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Article 2|work=The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.|quote=Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner|url=http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1353.php|accessdate=15 November 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028023600/http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1353.php|archivedate=28 October 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọbụlagodi na ndị otu Annex I ga-eme nke ọma n'imezu nkwa ha kwere na agba nke mbụ, a ga-achọ mbelata ikuku ka ukwuu n'ọdịniihu iji mee ka mkpokọta ikuku GHG kwụsie ike..

Maka nke ọ bụla n'ime GHGs dị iche iche sitere n'aka mmadụ, a ga-achọ ọkwa dị iche iche nke mbelata ikuku iji mezuo ebumnuche nke ime ka ikuku kwụsie ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;2007 meehl stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of GHGs&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|year=2007|chapter=FAQ 10.3 If Emissions of Greenhouse Gases are Reduced, How Quickly do Their Concentrations in the Atmosphere Decrease?|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-10-3.html|author=Meehl|first=G. A.|title=Global Climate Projections|series=etal|editor=Solomon, S.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=26 December 2011|archive-date=24 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224051815/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-10-3.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Carbon dioxide (CO2) bụ GHG kachasị mkpa nke sitere n'aka mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|year=2007|chapter=Human and Natural Drivers of Climate Change|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/spmsspm-human-and.html|author=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)|title=Summary for Policymakers|series=etal|editor=Solomon, S.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=26 December 2011|archive-date=2 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102212113/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/spmsspm-human-and.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ịkwado oke CO2 na ikuku ga-achọ ka e wepụ CO2 nke sitere n'aka mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;2007 meehl stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of GHGs&quot; /&gt;

Ụfọdụ n'ime atụmatụ ndị bụ isi n'ọgbakọ Kyoto Protocol bụ:

* Nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta maka akụkụ nke Atụmatụ I.Isi ihe dị na Protocol ahụ bụ na o guzobere nkwekọrịta iwu iji belata ikuku nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ maka akụkụ Annex I.&lt;ref name=&quot;liverman&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|year=2008|title=Conventions of climate change: constructions of danger and the dispossession of the atmosphere|doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2008.08.008|author=Liverman|first=D. M.|journal=Journal of Historical Geography|url=http://www.environment.arizona.edu/files/env/profiles/liverman/liverman-2009-jhg.pdf|accessdate=10 May 2011|volume=35|pages=279–296|issue=2|archive-date=12 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912161138/http://www.environment.arizona.edu/files/env/profiles/liverman/liverman-2009-jhg.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Mmejuputa. Iji mezuo ebumnuche nke Protocol ahụ, a chọrọ ka ndị otu Annex I kwadebe iwu na usoro maka mbelata gas na-ekpo ọkụ na mba ha. Na mgbakwunye, a chọrọ ka ha mụbaa ịmịkọrọ gas ndị a ma jiri usoro niile dịnụ, dị ka mmejuputa njikọta, usoro mmepe dị ọcha na ahia ikuku, iji nweta ụgwọ ọrụ nke ga-enye ohere ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpuchi ikuku n'ụlọ.
* Mbelata mmetụta na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site n'ịmepụta ego mgbanwe maka mgbanwe ihu igwe.
* Accounting, Reporting na Review iji hụ na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke Protocol.
* Nkwado. Ịtọlite Kọmitii Nkwado iji mee ka nkwenye na nkwekọrịta dị n'okpuru Protocol.

== Oge nkwekọrịta mbụ: 2008-2012 ==
N'okpuru Kyoto Protocol, mba ịrị atọ na asaa mepere emepe na European Community (European Union-15, nke mejupụtara steeti iri na ise n'oge mkparịta ụka Kyoto) na-etinye onwe ha n'ịchịkọta ebumnuche maka ikuku GHG.. Ihe ndị a na-elekwasị anya metụtara ụzọ gas anọ nke gụnyere: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), na ìgwè gas abụọ, [[Hydrofluorocarbon|hydrofluorocarbons]] (HFCs) na perfluorocarburbons (PFCs). A na-asụgharị GHG isii ahụ n'ime CO2 n'ịkọwa mbelata nke ikuku. Mbelata ndị a na-atụ anya inweta gụnyekwara gas ụlọ ọrụ, chlorofluorocarbons, nke a na-emeso n'okpuru 1987 [[Montreal Protocol|Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer]].

N'okpuru Protocol ahụ, ọ bụ naanị ndị otu Annex I etinyela onwe ha na ebumnuche mba ma ọ bụ nke jikọrọ aka (nke a na-akpọ &quot;quantified emission limitation and reduction objectives&quot; (QELRO) Article 4.1). Ndị otu Kyoto Protocol a na-edeghị na Annex I nke nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ mba ndị na-emepe emepe ndị na-enweta ego dị ala, ma nwee ike isonye na Kyoto Protocol site na atụmatụ Clean Development Mechanism (nke akọwapụtara n'okpuru).

Ihe mgbochi nke mpụga nke akụkụ nke Annex I dịgasị iche n'etiti akụkụ dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;2011 unfccc kyoto protocol targets&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web|title=Kyoto Protocol - Targets for the first commitment period|publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|url=https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-kyoto-protocol/what-is-the-kyoto-protocol/kyoto-protocol-targets-for-the-first-commitment-period|accessdate=28 January 2019}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Ụfọdụ ndị otu ahụ nwere oke ikuku na-ebelata n'okpuru ọkwa afọ mbụ, ụfọdụ nwere oke na ọkwa afọ ntọala (enweghị mmụba anabataghị karịa ọkwa afọ ntọala), ebe ndị ọzọ nwere oke karịa ọkwa afọ.

Mgbasa ikuku anaghị agụnye ikuku sitere na ụgbọ elu na mbupu mba ụwa. N'agbanyeghị na Belarus na Turkey depụtara na mgbakwunye nke mbụ nke mgbakọ ahụ, ha enweghị ebumnuche ikuku n'ihi na ha abụghị Annex I Parties mgbe anabatara Protocol.&lt;ref name=&quot;2011 unfccc kyoto protocol targets&quot;/&gt; Kazakhstan enweghị ebumnuche, mana ekwupụtala na ọ chọrọ ịghọ otu Annex I Party na mgbakọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-convention/history-of-the-convention/proposal-to-amend-annexes-i-and-ii-to-remove-the-name-of-turkey-and-to-amend-annex-i-to-add-the-name|title=Proposal to amend Annexes I and II to remove the name of Turkey and to amend Annex I to add the name of Kazakhstan|work=unfccc.int|accessdate=2020-04-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
N'ebe ọtụtụ ndị otu steeti nọ, afọ 1990 bụ afọ kacha mkpa maka ndabere nke ndepụta GHG nke mba na ngụkọta nke ego e kenyere. Otú ọ dị, òtù steeti ise nwere afọ ndabere ọzọ dị iche:&lt;ref name=&quot;2008 unfccc kyoto protocol reference manual&quot; /&gt;

* Bulgaria: 1988;
* Hungary: nkezi nke afọ 1985-1987
* Poland: 1988;
* Romania: 1989;
* Slovenia: 1986.

Annex I Parties nwere ike iji ọtụtụ usoro “mgbanwe” ọkaibe (lee n'okpuru) iji mezuo ebumnuche ha. Annex I Parties nwere ike imezu ebumnuche ha site n'itinye ndị isi na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ala ha obere ego ego kwa afọ, ma ọ bụ ikwe ka ndị ọrụ a gafere oke nke ha site n'imebi ngafe ọ bụla site na usoro nke ndị otu niile na UNFCCC kwetara, dị ka ịzụrụ ihe. nnabata nnabata sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ nwere kredit ngafe ikuku.

== Usoro mgbanwe ==
Nkwekọrịta ahụ na-akọwa &quot;usoro mgbanwe&quot; atọ nke ndị otu patị Annex I nwere ike iji wee mee ihe dịka nkwekọrịta mgbochi ha sị wee dị: Usoro mgbanwe ndị a gụnyere: International Emissions Trading (IET), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), na Joint Implementation (JI). IET na-enye ohere ka ndị otu Annex I &quot;na-ere ahịa&quot; ha (Assigned Amount Units, AAUs, nke e nwere ike ịkpọkwa &quot;allowances&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;Clifford Chance LLP (2012). &quot;Clean Development Mechanism: CDM and the UNFCC&quot; {{Cite web|url=http://a4id.org/sites/default/files/user/CDM%26UNFCCCcorrected.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2013-09-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060112/http://a4id.org/sites/default/files/user/CDM%26UNFCCCcorrected.pdf|archivedate=21 September 2013}}. Advocates for International Development. Retrieved: 19 September 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndabere akụ na ụba maka inye mgbanwe a bụ na ọnụ ahịa dị ntakịrị maka ibelata (ma ọ bụ ibelata) ikuku ikuku dị iche n'etiti mba. &quot;Ọnụahịa dị ala&quot; bụ ọnụahịa nke belata tọn ikpeazụ nke CO2-eq maka Annex I / non-Annex I Party. N'oge ebumnuche mbụ nke Kyoto, nnyocha tụrụ aro na usoro mgbanwe nwere ike belata ọnụahịa zuru oke (nchịkọta) nke izute ebumnuche ahụ. Nnyocha egosikwara na enwere ike ibelata mfu mba na Annex I nnukwu ụlọ (GDP) site na iji usoro mgbanwe..&lt;ref name=&quot;hourcade 2001 economic costs of flexibility mechanisms&quot; /&gt;

A na-akpọ CDM na JI &quot;usoro dabere na oru ngo&quot;, n'ihi na ha na-ebute mbelata ikuku sitere na ọrụ. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti IET na usoro dabere na oru ngo bụ na IET gbadoro ụkwụ na ntọala nke mmachi oke ikuku, ebe CDM na JI dabere n'echiche nke &quot;mmepụta&quot; nke mbelata ikuku.. E mere CDM iji kwalite mmepụta nke mbelata ikuku na ndị na-abụghị Annex I Parties, ebe JI na-agba ume mmepụta nke belata ikuku na Annex I Parties.

Mmepụta nke mbelata ikuku nke CDM na JI mepụtara nwere ike iji ya mee ihe site na Annex I Parties na-emezu nkwa mgbochi ikuku ha. Mbelata ikuku ikuku nke CDM na JI na-emepụta bụ nke a tụrụ n'otu n'otu dabere na usoro nleba anya n'echiche nke gaara eme na enweghị otu ọrụ mbelata ikuku.  Mbelata ikuku ikuku nke CDM na-emepụta bụ nke a na-akpọ Mbelata Emission (CERs);  Mbelata nke JI mepụtara bụ nke a na-akpọ Emission Reduction Units (ERUs).  A na-akpọ mbelata ndị a &quot;kredit&quot; n'ihi na ha bụ mbelata ihe ọkụkụ na-ekwupụta megidere usoro echiche echiche..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Fernandez Quesada|first=Nicolas|title=Kyoto Protocol, Emissions Trading and Reduction Technologies for Climate Change Mitigation|date=2013|publisher=GRIN Verlag GmbH|isbn=978-3-656-47173-8|location=Munich|oclc=862560217}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2lqtDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA14|title=International Conventions on Atmosphere Handbook|publisher=International Business Publications, USA|isbn=9781433066290|pages=14|date=3 March 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Naanị ọrụ mbelata ihe ọkụkụ na-agụnyeghị iji ike nuklia tozuru oke maka nzere n'okpuru CDM, iji gbochie mbupụ teknụzụ nuklia ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ ndabara maka inweta kredit n'okpuru CDM.

Mba Annex I nke ọ bụla ka achọrọ ka ọ nyefee akụkọ kwa afọ nke ngwaahịa niile ikuku griin haus sitere na isi mmalite yana mwepụ na sinks n'okpuru UNFCCC na Protocol Kyoto. Mba ndị a na-ahọpụta mmadụ (nke a na-akpọ &quot;onye ọchịchị mba a họpụtara&quot;) imepụta na jikwaa ngwa ahịa gas griin ha. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mba niile na-abụghị Annex I ewepụtala ikike mba ahapụtara iji jikwaa ọrụ Kyoto ha, ọkachasị &quot;usoro CDM&quot;. Nke a na-ekpebi ọrụ GHG ha chọrọ ịtụpụta maka nzere site na Board Executive CDM

=== Azụmaahịa ikuku mba ụwa ===
 
E meberela ma ọ bụ na-eme atụmatụ ka emejuputa ọtụtụ atụmatụ emissions trading atụmatụ (ETS)..&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot;/&gt; 

==== Eshia ====

* ''Japan'': Azụmaahịa ikuku na Tokyo malitere na 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot;/&gt; 

==== Europe ====

* European Union: European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), nke malitere na 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot;&gt;
{{Cite book|date=November 2010|author=Hood|first=Christina|chapter=5. Current and proposed emissions trading systems|title=Reviewing Existing and Proposed Emissions Trading Systems: Information paper|series=IEA Energy Papers|url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/energy/reviewing-existing-and-proposed-emissions-trading-systems_5km4hv3mlg5c-en|publisher=International Energy Agency (IEA)|location=Head of Publications Service, 9 rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France|doi=10.1787/5km4hv3mlg5c-en|accessdate=15 April 2020}}
&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Norway: ahia nke ikuku na Norway malitere na 2005.: 21 Nke a bụ nke Gọọmentị ''[[Norway]]'' na-achị, nke bụzi onye na-ekere òkè na EU ETS.&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot; /&gt;
* ''[[Switzerland]]'': Swiss ETS, nke na-agba ọsọ site na 2008 ruo 2012, iji kwekọọ na oge nkwekọrịta mbụ nke Kyoto Protocol.: 22&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot; /&gt; 
* ''United Kingdom'':
** UK Emissions Trading Scheme, nke malitere n'afọ 2002 ruo 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot; /&gt; 
** UK CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme, nke malitere na 2010, ma bụrụ nke Gọọmentị UK na-achịkwa: 25&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot; /&gt; 

==== Ebe Ugwu America ====

* Canada: ahia ikuku na Alberta, ''Canada'', nke malitere na 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot;/&gt; 
* ''United States'':
** Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), nke malitere na 2009. Atụmatụ a na-egbochi ikuku sitere na mmepụta ike na steeti iri na otu dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ US (Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, na Virginia).: 24 [nnyocha dara]&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot; /&gt;
** Azụmaahịa ikuku na California, nke malitere na 2013.: 26&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot; /&gt; 
* Western Climate Initiative (WCI), nke malitere na 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot; /&gt; 

==== Oceania ====

* ''Australia'': New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Reduction Scheme (NSW), nke malitere na 2003. Ọ bụ steeti Australia nke New South Wales mere atụmatụ a, wee sonye na Alfa Climate Stabilization (ACS) mana emechiela ya n'afọ 2012 iji gbanarị mmeghari nke ọnụ ahịa carbon nke Commonwealth.&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot;/&gt; 
* New Zealand: ''New Zealand'' Emissions Trading Scheme, nke malitere na 2008.: 23&lt;ref name=&quot;hood&quot; /&gt; 

==== Azụmaahịa ikuku n'etiti gọọmentị ====
Nhazi nke European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) na-enye ohere n'ezoghị ọnụ maka ịzụ ahịa nke ọrụ Kyoto mba n'etiti mba ndị na-ekere òkè. Carbon Trust chọpụtara na ewezuga azụmaahịa nke na-eme dịka akụkụ nke EU ETS, ọ nweghị azụmaahịa gọọmentị etiti emerela.

Otu n'ime nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na IET bụ nnukwu njupụta nke ikike dị. Russia, Ukraine, na mba EU-12 ọhụrụ (Kyoto Parties Annex I Economies-in-Transition, nke akpọrọ &quot;EIT&quot;: Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, na Ukraine) nwere ngọpụ nke ikike, ebe ọtụtụ mba OECD nwere mperi. Ụfọdụ n'ime EIT ndị nwere njupụta na-ewere ya dị ka nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka mmerụ ahụ nke nhazigharị akụ na ụba ha. Mgbe a kparitaara nkwekọrịta Kyoto, a ghọtara na ebumnobi ebumpụta ụwa maka EIT nwere ike ime ka ha nweta oke ego..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|year=2001|chapter=8.3.1.1 &quot;Where Flexibility&quot;|title=8. Global, Regional, and National Costs and Ancillary Benefits of Mitigation|series=etal|editor=B. Metz|publisher=Cambridge University Press|author=Hourcade|first=J.-C.|url=http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg3/341.htm|archive-date=2012-01-11|access-date=2023-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111150919/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg3/341.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; EITs lere oke ego a anya dị ka &quot;isi&quot; iji zụlite akụ na ụba ha. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị na-akpọkwa ihe karịrị akarị ahụ &quot;ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ&quot;, okwu nke Russia (mba nwere ihe ruru ijeri tọn atọ nke carbon dioxide) na-ele anya dị ka &quot;ihe na-akpasu iwe&quot;.

Mba OECD nwere ụkọ ego nwere ike imezu nkwa Kyoto ha site n'ịzụta ego site na mba ndị na-agafe agafe na ihe karịrị akarị. Ọ gwụla ma e mere nkwa ndị ọzọ iji belata ngụkọta nke ego, azụmahịa dị otú ahụ agaghị eme ka a belata ikuku.

==== &quot;Ụkpụrụ Ntinye Ego na-acha Akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ&quot; ====
&quot;Green Investment Scheme&quot; (GIS) bụ atụmatụ maka inweta uru gburugburu ebe obibi site na ego azụmaahịa (AAUs) n'okpuru Kyoto Protocol. Atụmatụ ntinye ego nke Green (GIS), usoro dị na nhazi nke International Emissions Trading (IET), ka emebere iji nweta mgbanwe dị ukwuu na iru ebumnuche nke Protocol Kyoto ma na-echekwa iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke IET. Agbanyeghị, iji GIS achọghị n'okpuru Protocol Kyoto, enweghị nkọwa gọọmentị maka okwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Definition of Green Investment Scheme (GIS)&quot; /&gt;

N'okpuru GIS ndị otu na protocol na-atụ anya na mmepe nke akụ na ụba ya agaghị agwụ agwụ na oke Kyoto, nwere ike ire ngafe nke nkeji oke Kyoto (AAU) nye ndị ọzọ. Ego a na-enweta site na ire ahịa AAU kwesịrị ịbụ &quot;acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ&quot;, ya bụ, na-enye aka na mmepe na mmejuputa ọrụ ndị ahụ ma ọ bụ nweta mbelata ikuku ikuku griin haus (ike ndụ ndụ siri ike) ma ọ bụ wulite usoro dị mkpa maka usoro a (greening dị nro).

==== Azụmaahịa na AAUs ====
Latvia bụ otu n'ime ndi malitere azụmahịa nke GISs. World Bank (2011) kọrọ na Latvia akwụsịla inye ahịa AAU n'ihi ọnụ ahịa AAU dị ala. N'afọ 2010, Estonia bụ ebe kachasị mma maka ndị na-azụ AAU, Czech Republic na Poland sochiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;world bank 2011 trade in aaus&quot; /&gt; 

Iwu mba Japan iji mezuo ebumnuche Kyoto ha gụnyere ịzụta AAUs ndị e rere n'okpuru GISs. N'afọ 2010, ụlọ ọrụ dịgasị na mba Japan na Steeti Japan bụ ndị isi na-azụ AAUs. N'ihe gbasara ahịa carbon mba ụwa, azụmahịa na AAUs bụ obere òkè nke ọnụ ahịa ahịa zuru oke. N'afọ 2010, ọ bụ European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) kpaliri pasent ịrị itoolu na asaa nke azụmahịa na ahịa carbon mba niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;world bank 2011 trade in aaus&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;world bank 2011 trade in aaus&quot; /&gt; 

==== Usoro Mmepe Dị Ọcha ====
N'agbata afọ 2001, nke bụ afọ mbụ Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) nwere ike ịdebanye aha, yana 2012, njedebe nke oge nkwekọrịta Kyoto mbụ, a na-atụ anya na CDM ga-emepụta ihe dị ka ijeri 1.5 ijeri carbon dioxide kwekọrọ (CO2e) na ikuku. mbelata. Ọtụtụ n'ime mbelata ndị a bụ site n'ịzụ ahịa ume ọhụrụ, nrụpụta ike, yana mgbanwe mmanụ ọkụ (World Bank, 2010, p. 262). Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2012, a na-eme atụmatụ na ike kacha ukwuu maka imepụta CER na [[China]] (52% nke CERs) na India (16%). CERs mepụtara na Latin America na Caribbean mejupụtara pasent ịrị na ise nke ngụkọta nwere ike, na Brazil dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe kachasị na mpaghara ahụ (7%).

==== Ntinye aka ====
Oge kredit maka njikọta mmejupụta (Joint Implementation - JI) dabara na oge ntinye aka nke Kyoto Protocol, na ebidoghị ruo Jenụwarị 2008 (Carbon Trust, 2009, p. 20). Na Nọvemba 2008, naanị ọrụ JI ịrị abụọ na abụọ ka akwadoro ma debanye aha ya n'akwụkwọ. Ngụkọta ego a na-atụ anya n'ichekwa ihe mgbapụta sitere na JI n'afọ 2012 bụ ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke CDM. Rọshịa bụ ihe dị ka ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ego a na-echekwa, ebe nke fọdụrụ kewara nha anya n'etiti Ukraine na mba EU ọhụrụ. Nchekwa ikuku na-agụnye mbelata na methane, HFC, na N2O anwuru.

== Nkwado nke GHG ==
Dịka ekwuru na mbụ, nkwa mmachi ikuku nke Kyoto nke agba nke mbụ ezughi oke iji doziwanye mkpokọta ikuku nke GHG. Nkwụsi ike nke mkpokọta GHG nke ikuku ga-achọ mbelata ikuku ikuku mgbe njedebe nke oge nkwekọrịta Kyoto nke mbụ na 2012.

=== Ntọala na Mmalite ===
 
Ndị nnyocha ewepụtala ọnọdụ maka mgbanwe n'ọdịnihu na ikuku GHG nke na-eduga nkwụsi ike na mkpokọta ikuku nke GHGs. Ihu igwe a na-atụ aro na a na-ejikọta ọkwa nkwụsi ike dị ala na ogo dị ala nke okpomọkụ ụwa n'ọdịnihu, ebe ọkwa nkwụsi ike dị elu na-ejikọta ya na ogo dị elu nke okpomọkụ ụwa n'ọdịnihu.

Iji nweta nkwụsi ike, ikuku GHG zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-arị elu, wee belata. Ka ọkwa nkwụsi ike a chọrọ dị ala, ka ọnụ ọgụgụ a na mbelata ga-eme ngwa ngwa (lee ihe osise dị iche).&lt;ref name=&quot;emissions peak and decline&quot; /&gt; Maka ọkwa nkwụsi ike enyerela, mbelata ikuku ikuku ka ukwuu n'oge dị nso na-enye ohere maka mbelata ikuku ikuku dị obere ma emechaa.. N'aka nke ọzọ, obere mbelata ikuku ikuku dị nso ga-, maka ọkwa nkwụsi ike enyere, ga-achọ mbelata ikuku ikuku ọzọ ma emechaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;near term emissions reductions&quot; /&gt;

Enwere ike ilele oge mbụ mmachi ikuku Kyoto dị ka nzọụkwụ mbụ iji nweta nkwụsi ike ikuku nke GHG.&lt;ref name=&quot;gupta&quot;/&gt; N'echiche a, oge mbụ nkwa Kyoto nwere ike imetụta ihe enwere ike nweta ọkwa nkwụsi ike ikuku n'ọdịnihu..

=== Mmekọrịta na ihe ndị a na-achọ na okpomọkụ ===
Na Nzukọ nke iri na isii nke ndị otu ahụ e mere na 2010, ndị otu UNFCCC kwetara na okpomọkụ ụwa n'ọdịnihu ga-ejedebe n'okpuru 2°C ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọkwa okpomọkụ tupu ụlọ ọrụ. Otu n'ime ọkwa nkwụsi ike a tụlere n'ihe gbasara ebumnuche okpomọkụ a bụ ijide oke ikuku nke GHGs na akụkụ narị anọ na ịrị ise kwa nde (ppm) CO2- eq. Nkwado na 450 ppm nwere ike ijikọta ya na pasent ịrị abụọ na isii wee ruo pasent ịrị asaa na asatọ ihe ize ndụ nke ịgafe 2°C.

Ihe omume ndị Gupta et al. (2007) nyochara na-atụ aro na ikuku nke Annex I ga-adị mkpa ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị abụọ na ise wee ruo pasent ịrị anọ n'okpuru ọkwa 1990 site na 2020, ''na'' 80% ruo 95% n'okpuru ọnọdụ 1990 site na 2050. Nanị akụkụ nke Atụmatụ I nke mere nkwa afọ ofufo kwekọrọ na nke a bụ Japan (pasent ịrị abụọ na ise n'okpuru ọkwa 1990 site na 2020) na Norway (pasent ịrị atọ wee ruo pasent ịrị anọ n'okpuru ogo 1990 site na 2020.

Gupta et al. (2007) lekwara ihe 450 ppm na-atụle maka ndị na-abụghị Annex I Parties. Atụmatụ gosiri na ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020, ọ ga-adị mkpa ibelata mpụta na-abụghị Annex I n'ọtụtụ mpaghara (Latin America, Middle East, East Asia, na Central Asia zubere) n'okpuru &quot;azụmahịa-dị ka ọ na-adị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;450ppm scenarios&quot; /&gt; Atụmatụ azụmahịa-dị ka ọ na-adị&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; ka a na-atụ anya na ọ na-abụghị Annex I na-enweghị atumatu ọhụrụ ọ bụla iji chịkwaa ihe ndị a na-esi n'ọkụ pụta. Atụmatụ gosiri na ka ọ na-erule 2050, a ga-achọ ka e wedata ikuku n'ime mpaghara niile na-abụghị Annex I nke ukwuu n'okpuru &quot;azụmahịa dika ọ na-adị.&lt;ref name=&quot;450ppm scenarios&quot; /&gt;

== Nkọwa nke nkwekọrịta ahụ ==
Nkwekọrịta a bụ protocol nke United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) kwekọritara na Nzukọ Ụwa na [[Rio de Janeiro]] n'afọ 1992, nke na-edobeghi mmachi ọ bụla n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na ikuku ma ọ bụ usoro mmanye. Naanị ndị otu UNFCCC nwere ike ịghọ ndị otu na Kyoto Protocol. A nabatara nkwekọrịta Kyoto Protocol na nnọkọ nke atọ nke ọgbakọ ndị otu na UNFCCC na 1997 na Kyoto, Japan..

Ebumnuche mba dị iche iche akọwapụtara na Protocol Kyoto na-ewepu ụgbọ elu na mbupu mba ụwa. Ndị otu Kyoto nwere ike iji ala, mgbanwe ojiji ala, na oke ọhịa (LULUCF) iji mezuo ebumnuche ha. A na-akpọkwa mmemme LULUCF mmemme “sink”. Mgbanwe nke sink na iji ala mee ihe nwere ike inwe mmetụta na ihu igwe, na n'ezie, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Special Report on Land Use, mgbanwe iji ala, na ọhịa na-eme atụmatụ na kemgbe 1750, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke okpomọkụ ụwa akpatala. site na mgbanwe ojiji ala.&lt;ref&gt;Robert T. Watson, Ian R. Noble, Bert Bolin, N. H. Ravindranath, David J. Verardo and David J. Dokken (editors), 2000, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry, Cambridge University Press, UK&lt;/ref&gt; Atụmatụ pụrụ iche na-emetụta nkọwa nke ọhịa n'okpuru Kyoto Protocol.

Ijikwa oke ọhịa, njikwa ihe ọkụkụ, njikwa ala ịta ahịhịa, na ahịhịa bụ ihe omume LULUCF tozuru oke n'okpuru Protocol.. Ndepụta I Ndị otu na-eji njikwa ọhịa eme ihe n'ịhụ ihe ha na-achọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;forest management&quot; /&gt;

=== Mkparịta ụka ===
Nkeji edemede 4.2 nke UNFCCC na-enye mba ndị mepere emepe iwu ka ha &quot;[na-eduga&quot; n'ibelata ikuku. Ebumnuche mbụ bụ ka mba ndị mepere emepe ka ha kwụsie ike na ọkwa 1990 site na 2000..&lt;ref name=&quot;grubb original unfccc target&quot; /&gt; Ọdịda nke mba ndị mepere emepe emepeghị ụzọ a bụ isi ihe kpatara Kyoto ji kwaga na nkwa ndị siri ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;grubb original unfccc target&quot; /&gt;

Na mbụ UNFCCC Conference of the Parties na Berlin, G77 nwere ike ịkwado maka ikike (&quot;mandate Berlin&quot;) ebe a ghọtara na:

* Mba ndị mepere emepe enyela aka n'ụzọ kachasị na GHGs dị ugbu a na ikuku (lee Greenhouse gas # Nchịkọta na akụkọ ihe mere eme).
* Mgbasa ikuku mba na-emepe emepe kwa onye (ya bụ, nkezi ikuku kwa onye bi na ya) ka dị ala.
* nakwa na òkè nke ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ sitere na mba ndị na-emepe emepe ga-eto iji gboo mkpa mmepe ha.

N'oge mkparịta ụka, G-77 nọchitere anya mba otu narị na iri atọ na atọ na-emepe emepe. China abụghị onye otu ahụ kama ọ bụ onye mmekọ. Ọ ghọwo onye otu kemgbe ahụ.

A nabatara iwu Berlin na Kyoto Protocol na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe anọghị n'okpuru nkwa mbelata ikuku n'ime oge mbu nke Kyoto.. Otú ọ dị, nnukwu ohere maka uto na mba ndị na-emepe emepe mere ka mkparịta ụka na okwu a sie ike. N'ime nkwekọrịta ikpeazụ, e mere Clean Development Mechanism iji gbochie ikuku ikuku na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe, mana n'ụzọ na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka ịmachi ikuku ikuku..&lt;ref name=&quot;grubb developing country emissions&quot; /&gt; Echiche n'ozuzu bụ na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe ga-eche ihu nkwekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ime oge ntinye aka, ma n'otu oge ahụ, mba ndị mepere emepe ga-emezu nkwa nke mbụ ha..&lt;ref name=&quot;grubb developing country emissions&quot; /&gt;

==== Mbelata nke ikuku na-agbasa ====
G77 na China kwadoro mbelata ikuku siri ike n'ụwa niile mepere emepe. US bu ụzọ kwuo maka agba nke abụọ nke mkparịta ụka na nkwa Kyoto iji soro mkparịta ụka nke mbụ. N'ikpeazụ, a ga-emeghe mkparịta ụka maka oge nke abụọ n'afọ 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;grubb second round negotiations&quot; /&gt; Mba ndị na-emezu oke na nkwa oge mbụ ha nwere ike &quot;ụlọ akụ&quot; ego ha na-ejighi eji mee ihe n'ime oge na-esote..&lt;ref name=&quot;grubb second round negotiations&quot; /&gt;

EU na mbụ rụrụ ụka maka naanị GHGs atọ ka a ga-agụnye CO2, CH4, na N2O na gas ndị ọzọ dị ka HFCs na-achịkwa iche. EU chọkwara inwe nkwa “afụ”, nke ọ ga-esi na ya mee nkwakọ ọnụ nke nyere ụfọdụ ndị otu EU ohere ịbawanye ikuku ha, ebe ndị ọzọ na-ebipụ nke ha..&lt;ref name=&quot;liverman negotiations&quot; /&gt;

Mba ndị kachasị emerụ ahụ - Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) - kwadoro ka mba ndị mepere emepe gbubisịa n'otu n'otu, n'ebumnobi nke ime ka ihe ọkụkụ belata ruo n'ókè kachasị ike.. Mba ndị kwadoro ọdịiche nke ebumnuche nwere echiche dị iche iche banyere otu esi agbakọ ya, a tụkwara aro ọtụtụ ihe ngosi dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;grubb differentiation&quot; /&gt; Ihe atụ abụọ gụnyere ọdịiche nke ebumnuche dabere na nnukwu ngwaahịa anụ ụlọ (GDP), na ọdịiche dabere na ike ike (iji ike eme ihe kwa nkeji nke mmepụta akụ na ụba).

Ebumnuche ikpeazụ a kwurịtara na Protocol ahụ bụ nsonaazụ nkwekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ikpeazụ. Ebumnuche ndị a dabara nke ọma nke onye Argentine Raul Estrada kpebiri, onye nnọchi anya onye isi oche mkparịta ụka ahụ.. Ọnụọgụ e nyere ndị otu ọ bụla site n'aka onyeisi oche Estrada dabere na ebumnuche ndị otu pati ekwelarịrị, ozi enwetara na ọnọdụ mkparita uka kacha ọhụrụ, yana ebumnuche nke inweta nsonaazụ gburugburu ebe obibi kacha sie ike. Ebumnuche ikpeazụ adịghị ike karịa nke ndị otu ụfọdụ tụrụ aro, dịka, Alliance of Small Island States na G-77 na China, mana siri ike karịa ebumnuche ndị ọzọ tụrụ aro, dịka Canada na United States.

=== Nkwekọrịta ego ===
Protocol ahụ na-akwadokwa ụkpụrụ nke mba ndị mepere emepe ga-akwụ ọtụtụ ijeri dollar, na-ebuga teknụzụ na mba ndị ọzọ maka ọmụmụ na ọrụ metụtara ihu igwe. Ekwenyere ụkpụrụ ahụ na [[Ọgbakọ Otú United Nations Fremewok maka Ngbanwe Iru igwe|UNFCCC]]. Otu oru ngo a bu The Adaptation Fund,[93] nke ndi otu di iche iche na Kyoto Protocol nke UN Framework Convention on Climate Change hibere iji kwado oru mmeghari na mmemme na mba ndi ka na-emepe emepe bu ndi otu na Kyoto Protocol.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.adaptation-fund.org/|title=AF - Adaptation Fund|work=www.adaptation-fund.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndokwa mmejuputa ===
Usoro ahụ hapụrụ ọtụtụ okwu mepere emepe ka ọ ga-emecha kpebie site na ọgbakọ nke isii nke ndị otu COP6 nke UNFCCC, nke nwara idozi nsogbu ndị a na nzukọ ya na Hague na ngwụcha 2000, mana enweghị ike iru nkwekọrịta n'ihi esemokwu dị n'etiti European Union (onye kwadoro mmejuputa iwu siri ike) na United States, Canada, Japan na Australia (ndị chọrọ ka nkwekọrịta ahụ ghara ịdị na-achọsi ike ma gbanwee).

N'afọ 2001, e mere nzukọ gara aga (COP6-bis) na Bonn, ebe a nabatara mkpebi achọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;[[International Institute for Sustainable Development]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20200728204839/https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop6bis/ Sixth Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: Resumed Session], accessed 27 May 2020&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ụfọdụ nkwenye gasịrị, ndị na-akwado protocol (nke European Union na-edu) jisiri ike nweta nkwekọrịta nke Japan na Russia site n'ikwe ka ojiji nke carbon dioxide ọzọ.

E mere ọgbakọ COP7 site na 29 Ọktoba 2001 ruo 9 Nọvemba 2001 na Marrakech iji guzobe ihe ikpeazụ e kwesịrị imata gbasara protocol ahụ.

Emere nzukọ mbụ nke ndị otu na Kyoto Protocol (MOP1) na Montreal site na 28 Nọvemba ruo 9 Disemba 2005, yana ọgbakọ ịrị na otu nke ndị otu na UNFCCC (COP11)

N'oge COP13 na Bali, mba ịrị atọ na isii mepere emepe (gbakwunyere EU dị ka otu na European Union) kwetara na mmụba 10% maka [[Iceland]]; mana, ebe ọ bụ na mba ndị otu EU nwere ọrụ nke onwe ha, a na-ekwe ka mmụba dị ukwuu (ruo 27%) maka ụfọdụ mba EU na-emepebeghị emepe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Kyoto protocol – A brief summary|work=European Commission|url=http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/kyoto.htm|accessdate=19 April 2007|archivedate=10 August 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810105055/http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/kyoto.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/background/items/3145.php|title=Kyoto Protocol|publisher=UNFCCC|date=14 May 2008|accessdate=21 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Njedebe mbelata gwụrụ na 2013.

=== Usoro nke ịgbaso ===
Usoro ahụ na-akọwa usoro nke &quot;ịgbaso&quot; dị ka &quot;nlekota na nkwa ma nwekwa ezigbo ntaramahụhụ maka agbasoghi nkwekọrịta a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Compliance with the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change|first=S|author=Maljean-Dubois|work=Synthèse, n° 01, 2007|publisher=Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations|url=http://www.iddri.org/Publications/Collections/Syntheses/Compliance-with-the-Kyoto-Protocol-on-Climate-Change|accessdate=2023-05-09|archivedate=2009-11-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091110071921/http://www.iddri.org/Publications/Collections/Syntheses/Compliance-with-the-Kyoto-Protocol-on-Climate-Change}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka Grubb si kwuo (2003), ebumnuche doro anya nke enweghị nkwekọrịta ahụ adịghị ike ma e jiri ya tụnyere iwu obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;grubb compliance&quot; /&gt; N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ngalaba nkwekọrịta ahụ nwere nnukwu esemokwu na enweghị nkwekọrịta na nkwekọrịta Marrakesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;grubb compliance&quot; /&gt;

=== Nlekọta Mgbasa Ozi ===
Nleba anya na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa siri ike dịka n'iwu mba ụwa, enweghị ikike uwe ojii, na-eke mkpali maka steeti iji chọta 'ụzọ gburugburu' nlekota. Protocol Kyoto na-ahazi mmiri mmiri 6 na isi mmalite nke Gases. Carbon dioxide, methane, Nirous oxide, Hydroflurocarbons, Sulfur hexafluouride na Perfluorocarbons. Ileba anya gas ndị a nwere ike bụrụ ihe ịma aka. Enwere ike nyochaa methane ma tụọ ya site na ubi osikapa agbasara mmiri ma nwee ike tụọ ya site na seedling na-etolite ruo owuwe ihe ubi. Ihe pụtara n'ọdịnihu na-ekwu na nke a nwere ike imetụta nke a site na ụzọ ndị dị irè karị iji chịkwaa ikuku n'ihi na mgbanwe nke ụdị fatịlaịza nwere ike ibelata ihe ọkụkụ site na 50%. Na mgbakwunye na nke a, ọtụtụ mba enweghị ike nyochaa ụzọ ụfọdụ nke carbon absorption site na osisi na ala ruo n'ogo ziri ezi..&lt;ref&gt;Victor, David G. The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow Global Warming. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịmanye Mbelata Mgbasa Ozi ===
Ọ bụrụ na ngalaba mmanye ekpebie na mba Annex I akwadoghị mmachi ikuku ya, yabụ obodo ahụ kwesịrị ime mgbanwe ahụ n'ime oge nkwa nke abụọ yana mgbakwunye 30%. Na mgbakwunye, a ga-akwụsịtụ obodo ahụ site na ịnyefe n'okpuru mmemme ịzụ ahịa ikuku.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_mechanisms/compliance/introduction/items/3024.php|title=An Introduction to the Kyoto Protocol Compliance Mechanism|publisher=UNFCC|accessdate=30 October 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Usoro nkwado ==
[[Ọgbakọ Otú United Nations Fremewok maka Ngbanwe Iru igwe|COP 3]] nke UNFCCC nabatara Protocol ahụ na 11 Disemba 1997 na [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]]. Emeghere ya na 16 Machị 1998 maka ịbịanye aka n'ime otu afọ site na ndị otu [[Ọgbakọ Otú United Nations Fremewok maka Ngbanwe Iru igwe|UNFCCC]], mgbe Antigua na Barbuda, Argentina, Maldives, Samoa, St. Lucia na Switzerland bịanyere aka na ya. Na ngwụcha oge mbinye aka, mba 82 na European Community bịanyere aka. Nkwado (nke achọrọ iji bụrụ otu na Protocol) malitere na 17 Septemba site na nkwado nke Fiji. Mba ndị na-abịaghị aka na nkwekọrịta ahụ, nke nwere otu mmetụta iwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;parties&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Status of ratification|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/items/2613.php|publisher=UNFCC Homepage|accessdate=5 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nkeji edemede 25 nke Protocol ahụ na-akọwapụta na Protocol ahụ na'ọrụ &quot;n'ụbọchị nke iri itoolu mgbe ụbọchị nke ihe na-erughị ndị otu 55 na Nkwekọrịta ahụ gasịrị, na-etinye ndị otu gụnyere na Ndepụta I nke na-agụnye ma ọ dịkarịa ala 55% nke ngụkọta carbon dioxide maka 1990 nke mba Ndepụta I, etinyela ngwá ọrụ ha maka nkwenye, nnabata, nkwenye ma ọ bụ ntinye&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Kyoto Protocol full text (PDF)|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|publisher=UNFCC Homepage}}&lt;/ref&gt;

EU na mba ndị so na ya kwadoro nkwekọrịta ahụ na Mee 2002. N'ime ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, e ruru &quot;ndị otu iri ise na ise&quot; na 23 Mee 2002 mgbe [[Iceland]] kwadoro Protocol ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;parties&quot;/&gt; Nkwado nke Russia na 18 Nọvemba 2004 mezuru &quot;55%&quot; ma mee ka nkwekọrịta ahụ malite, malite na 16 Febụwarị 2005,mgbe ụbọchị 90 gachara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=West|first=Larry|title=What is the Kyoto Protocol|url=http://environment.com/od/kyotoprotocol/i/kyotoprotocol.htm|publisher=|accessdate=5 June 2012|archivedate=2 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302123655/http://environment.com/od/kyotoprotocol/i/kyotoprotocol.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule Mee 2013, mba 191 na otu nzukọ akụ na ụba mpaghara (EC) akwadowo nkwekọrịta ahụ, na-anọchite anya ihe karịrị 61.6% nke ikuku nke 1990 sitere na mba Annex I.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kyoto-PDF-unfccc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kyoto Protocol: Status of Ratification|url=http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/application/pdf/kp_ratification.pdf|date=14 January 2009|accessdate=6 May 2009|publisher=[[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu n'ime mba 191 kwadoro ya gbara arụkwaghịm na usoro ahụ.
{{hidden begin|title=Convention Parties|titlestyle=text-align:left;|bodystyle=text-align:left;}}
{|
|-
| style=&quot;width:25%; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
[[Afghanistan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Albania]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Algeria]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Angola]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Antigua and Barbuda]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Argentina]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Armenia]] &lt;br /&gt;
Australia &lt;br /&gt;
[[Austria]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Azerbaijan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Bahamas]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Bahrain]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Bangladesh]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Barbados]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Belarus]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Belgium]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Belize]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Benin]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Bhutan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Bolivia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Botswana]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Brazil]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Brunei]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Bulgaria]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Burkina Faso]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Myanmar]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Burundi]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Cambodia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Cameroon]] &lt;br /&gt;
Canada &lt;br /&gt;
[[Cape Verde]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Central African Republic]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Chad]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Chile]] &lt;br /&gt;
China &lt;br /&gt;
[[Colombia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Comoros]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Republic of the Congo]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Cook Islands]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Costa Rica]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Ivory Coast]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Croatia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Cuba]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Cyprus]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Czech Republic]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Denmark]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Djibouti]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Dominica]]
| style=&quot;width:25%; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
[[Dominican Republic]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Ecuador]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[East Timor]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Egypt]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[El Salvador]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Equatorial Guinea]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Eritrea]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Estonia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Eswatini]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Ethiopia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[European Union]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Fiji]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Finland]] &lt;br /&gt;
France &lt;br /&gt;
[[Gabon]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Gambia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] &lt;br /&gt;
Germany &lt;br /&gt;
[[Ghana]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Greece]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Grenada]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Guatemala]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Guinea]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Guinea-Bissau]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Guyana]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Haiti]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Honduras]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Hungary]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Iceland]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[India]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Indonesia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Iran]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Iraq]] &lt;br /&gt;
Ireland &lt;br /&gt;
[[Israel]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Italy]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Jamaica]] &lt;br /&gt;
Japan &lt;br /&gt;
[[Jordan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Kazakhstan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Kenya]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Kiribati]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[North Korea]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[South Korea]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Kuwait]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Kyrgyzstan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Laos]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Latvia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Lebanon]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Lesotho]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Liberia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Libya]]
| style=&quot;width:25%; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
[[Liechtenstein]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Lithuania]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Luxembourg]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Madagascar]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Malawi]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Malaysia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Maldives]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Mali]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Malta]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Marshall Islands]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Mauritania]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Mauritius]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Mexico]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Federated States of Micronesia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Moldova]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Monaco]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Mongolia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Montenegro]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Morocco]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Mozambique]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Namibia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Nauru]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Nepal]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Netherlands]] &lt;br /&gt;
New Zealand &lt;br /&gt;
[[Nicaragua]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Niger]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Nigeria]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Niue]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[North Macedonia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Norway]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Oman]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Pakistan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Palau]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Panama]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Papua New Guinea]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Paraguay]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Peru]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Philippines]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Poland]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Portugal]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Qatar]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Romania]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Russia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Rwanda]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Saint Lucia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Samoa]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[San Marino]]
| style=&quot;width:25%; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
[[São Tomé and Príncipe]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Saudi Arabia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Senegal]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Serbia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Seychelles]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Sierra Leone]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Singapore]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Slovakia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Slovenia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Solomon Islands]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Somalia]] (non-party to Kyoto) &lt;br /&gt;
South Africa &lt;br /&gt;
Spain &lt;br /&gt;
[[Sri Lanka]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Sudan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Suriname]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Sweden]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Switzerland]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Syria]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Tajikistan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Tanzania]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Thailand]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Togo]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Tonga]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Trinidad and Tobago]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Tunisia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Turkey]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Turkmenistan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Tuvalu]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Uganda]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Ukraine]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[United Arab Emirates]] &lt;br /&gt;
United Kingdom &lt;br /&gt;
United States (non-party to Kyoto) &lt;br /&gt;
[[Uruguay]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Uzbekistan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Vanuatu]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Venezuela]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Vietnam]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Yemen]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Zambia]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Zimbabwe]]
* '''Observers:'''
[[Andorra]] (non-party to Kyoto) &lt;br /&gt;
[[Holy See]] (non-party to Kyoto)
|}
{{hidden end}}

=== Enweghị nkwado nke US ===
US bịanyere aka na Protocol na 12 Nọvemba 1998, n'oge onye isi ala Clinton.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Congressional Research Service Reports #98-349: Global Climate Change: Selected Legal Questions About the Kyoto Protocol|url=http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/ern/01jul/98-349.php|accessdate=22 April 2014|archivedate=6 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506234653/http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/ern/01jul/98-349.php}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, iji bụrụ ihe na-agbaso iwu na US, Senate ga-akwado nkwekọrịta ahụ, nke agafeworị [[Mkpebi ByrdīHagel|mkpebi Byrd-Hagel]] na-adịghị agbaso iwu nke afọ 1997, na-ekwupụta enweghị nkwenye maka nkwekọrịta mba ụwa ọ bụla nke na-achọghị ka mba ndị na-emepe eme ka mbelata ikuku na &quot;ga-emebi akụ na ụba nke United States&quot;. Mkpebi ahụ gafere 950.&lt;ref&gt;Byrd-Hagel Resolution ({{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalcenter.org/KyotoSenate.html|title=Byrd-Hagel Resolution (S. Res. 98) Expressing the Sense of the Senate Regarding Conditions for the U.S. Signing the Global Climate Change Treaty|accessdate=2014-12-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626110143/http://www.nationalcenter.org/KyotoSenate.html|archivedate=26 June 2010}})&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mere, ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị Clinton bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ahụ, ọ dịghị mgbe e nyefere ya na Senate maka nkwado.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/12/11/kyoto/ &quot;Clinton Hails Global Warming Pact&quot;]. All Politics (CNN). 11 December 1997. Retrieved 5 November 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mbido ọchịchị Bush, ndị Senate Chuck Hagel, Jesse Helms, Larry Craig, na Pat Roberts degaara Onye isi ala George W. Bush akwụkwọ ozi na-achọ ịchọpụta ọnọdụ ya na Kyoto Protocol na iwu mgbanwe ihu igwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ParlInfo - GRIEVANCE DEBATE: Environment: Greenhouse Policy|url=https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id:%22chamber/hansardr/2001-03-26/0103%22|accessdate=2020-08-24|work=parlinfo.aph.gov.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'akwụkwọ ozi e dere na Machị 13, 2001, Onye isi ala Bush zaghachiri na &quot;Ọchịchị ya na-ewere okwu mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ukwuu&quot;, mana na &quot;M na-emegide Kyoto Protocol n'ihi na ọ na-ewepụ pasent 80 nke ụwa, gụnyere nnukwu ebe ndị mmadụ dị ka China na India, site na nrubeisi, ma ga-akpata nnukwu mmerụ ahụ na akụ na ụba US. Ntuli aka nke Senate, 95-0, na-egosi na enwere nkwekọrịta doro anya na Kyoto Protocol bụ ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ iji dozie nchegbu mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Text of a Letter From The President|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/03/20010314.html|accessdate=2020-08-24|work=georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nchịkwa ahụ jikwa obi ike sayensị gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe ma kwuo na ọ ga-emebi ihe nke mbelata ikuku na akụ na ụba US.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dessler|first=Andrew E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ivw7EAAAQBAJ|title=Introduction to Modern Climate Change|date=2021|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-84018-7|pages=234|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research kọrọ na 2001:&lt;blockquote&gt;Mgbanwe iwu a nwetara nnukwu nkatọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba ụwa nabatara ngwa ngwa. Òtù ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi gbagburu White House, ebe ndị Europe na ndị Japan gosipụtara nchegbu na ịkwa ụta miri emi.... Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị isi ụwa niile (dịka. China, Japan, South Africa, Pacific Islands, wdg) gosipụtara mmechuihu ha na mkpebi Bush.&lt;/blockquote&gt;N'ịzaghachi nkatọ a, Bush kwuru, sị: &quot;M na-azaghachi eziokwu, eziokwu bụ na mba ahụ nwere ezigbo nsogbu mgbe ọ bịara na ike&quot;. Ụlọ ọrụ Tyndall kpọrọ nke a &quot;okwu gabigara ókè nke e ji kpuchie nnukwu ndị na-enyere mgbanwe iwu a aka, ya bụ, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na coal nke US, nke nwere ndị na-akwado ọchịchị na ndị omeiwu Republican. &quot;

Ka ọ na-erule 2020, US bụ naanị onye bịanyere aka na Protocol ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&amp;chapter=27&amp;lang=en|title=United Nations Treaty Collection|work=treaties.un.org|accessdate=27 December 2014|archivedate=8 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095709/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&amp;chapter=27&amp;lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; US mejupụtara 36.1% nke ikuku na 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Weiner|first=John Barlow|date=2003|title=International Environmental Law|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40707857|journal=The International Lawyer|volume=37|issue=2|pages=575–587|issn=0020-7810}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi nke a, maka nkwekọrịta ahụ ịbanye n'ọrụ iwu na-enweghị nkwado US, ọ ga-achọ njikọ aka gụnyere EU, Russia, Japan, na obere òtù. E nwetara nkwekọrịta, na-enweghị US Administration, na mkparịta ụka ihu igwe Bonn (COP-6.5), nke e mere na 2001.

=== Ọpụpụ nke Canada ===
N'afọ 2011, Canada, Japan na Russia kwuru na ha agaghị emegide ihe mgbaru ọsọ Kyoto ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;canadaguardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/dec/13/canada-pulls-out-kyoto-protocol|title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto protocol|work=The Guardian|accessdate=13 December 2011|date=13 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọọmentị Canada kwupụtara na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịpụ n'oge ọ bụla afọ atọ mgbe a kwadoro Kyoto Protocol na 12 Disemba 2011, malite na 15 Disemba 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/1100802--canada-withdrawing-from-kyoto?bn=1#article|title=Canada withdrawing from Kyoto|work=The Toronto Star|date=12 December 2011|accessdate=12 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Canada kpebisiri ike belata ikuku okpomọkụ ya ruo 6% n'okpuru ọkwa 1990 site na 2012, mana na 2009 ikuku dị 17% karịa na 1990. Gọọmentị Harper butere mmepe ájá mmanụ na Alberta ụzọ, ma gbochie mbelata nke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ. Minista na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi Peter Kent kwuru na Canada nwere ibu ọrụ maka &quot;nnukwu ntaramahụhụ ego&quot; n'okpuru nkwekọrịta ahụ ọ gwụla ma ọ pụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;canadaguardian&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2011/12/13/canada-to-pull-out-of-kyoto-protocol/|title=Canada to pull out of Kyoto protocol|work=Financial Post|first=David|author=Ljunggren|date=13 December 2011|accessdate=9 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ tụkwara aro na nkwekọrịta Durban nke a bịanyere aka na nso nso a nwere ike inye ụzọ ọzọ ịga n'ihu.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc canada withdrawal&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Canada under fire over Kyoto protocol exit|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16165033|date=13 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọọmentị Harper kwuru na ọ ga-achọta ngwọta &quot;E mere na Canada&quot;. Mkpebi Canada nwetara nzaghachi na-adịghị mma n'ozuzu site n'aka ndị nnọchiteanya nke mba ndị ọzọ kwadoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc canada withdrawal&quot; /&gt;

=== Steeti na mpaghara ndị ọzọ ebe nkwekọrịta ahụ anaghị arụ ọrụ ===
Andorra, Palestine, [[South Sudan]], United States na, mgbe ha lara ezumike nká na 15 Disemba 2012, Canada bụ naanị UNFCCC Parties na-esoghị na Protocol ahụ. Ọzọkwa, anaghị etinye Protocol ahụ n'ọrụ na onye na-ahụ UNFCCC na Holy See. Ọ bụ ezie na Alaeze nke Netherlands kwadoro usoro maka Alaeze ahụ dum, ọ tinyeghị ngwá ọrụ nkwenye maka Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten ma ọ bụ Caribbean Netherlands.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.minbuza.nl/en/key-topics/treaties/search-the-treaty-database/1997/12/008415.html|work=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)]]|title=Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|accessdate=30 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203014400/http://www.minbuza.nl/en/key-topics/treaties/search-the-treaty-database/1997/12/008415.html|archivedate=3 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Omume gọọmentị na ikuku na-agbasa ==
 

=== Ndepụta I mba ===
[[Usòrò:CO2emissions1.jpg|thumb|Mmiri sitere n'aka mmadụ nke CO2 kwa afọ site na ndị na-emepụta 10 kachasị (European Union dị ka otu mpaghara, n'ihi atụmatụ azụmaahịa carbon ha jikọtara ọnụ). Data haziri dabere na onyinye 2010.
 &lt;div class=&quot;legend&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;legend-color mw-no-invert&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FF7C00; color:black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;China (party, no binding targets)&lt;/div&gt;
 
 
 ]]
Ngụkọta ngụkọta nke GHG na-ewepụ ma ọ bụ wepụ site na iji ala eme ihe, mgbanwe nke iji ala eme njem na ọhịa (LULUCF, ya bụ, nchekwa carbon n'ime ọhịa na ala) maka akụkụ niile nke Annex I (lee ndepụta dị n'okpuru) gụnyere United States e jikọtara ọnụ belatara site na 19.0 ruo 17.8 puku teragrams (Tg, nke hà ka 109 kg) CO2 kwekọrọ, mbelata nke 6.0% n'oge 1990 EITs: 3 Ihe dị iche nyere aka na mbelata a: 14 Ndepụta nke mbụ bụ n'ihi mgbanwe akụ na ụba na 14&lt;ref name=&quot;2011 unfccc synthesis of annex I communications&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2011 unfccc synthesis of annex I communications&quot; /&gt; N'ime oge 1990 na 1999, ikuku na-esi n'ụgbọ mmiri na-agbadata site na 40% na EITs na-esote ọdịda nke atụmatụ etiti na Soviet Union na mba ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe: 25 Nke a dugara na mbelata dị ukwuu nke akụ na ụba ha dị arọ, yana mbelata metụtara na ojiji mmanụ ala ha na ikuku ha.

Emissions growth in Annex I Parties have also been limited due to policies and measures (PaMs).: 14  In particular, PaMs were strengthened after 2000, helping to enhance energy efficiency and develop renewable energy sources.&lt;ref name=&quot;2011 unfccc synthesis of annex I communications&quot; /&gt;: 14  Energy use also decreased during the economic crisis in 2007–2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;2011 unfccc synthesis of annex I communications&quot; /&gt;: 14 

==== Ndepụta I ndị nwere ebumnuche ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Percentage changes in emissions from the base year (1990 for most countries) for Annex I Parties with Kyoto targets
!Country
!Kyoto&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;target&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2008–2012&lt;ref name=&quot;Shislov&quot;/&gt;
!Kyoto&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;target&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2013–2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|title=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|date=2012|publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|accessdate=2019-12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!GHG&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;emissions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2008–2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;including&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LULUCF&lt;ref name=&quot;Shislov&quot; /&gt;
!GHG&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;emissions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2008–2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;excluding&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LULUCF&lt;ref name=&quot;Shislov&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Ostraliya|Australia]]
| +8
|−0.5
| +3.2
| +30.3
|-
|[[Austria]]
|−13
|−20
| +3.2
| +4.9
|-
|[[Belgium]]
|−8
|−20
|−13.9
|−14.0
|-
|[[Bulgaria]]
|−8
|−20
|−53.4
|−52.8
|-
|[[Kánada|Canada]] (withdrew)
|−6
|''N/A''
| +18.5
| +18.5
|-
|[[Kroatia|Croatia]]
|−5
|−20
|−10.8
|−7.5
|-
|[[Chekia|Czech Republic]]
|−8
|−20
|−30.6
|−30.0
|-
|[[Denmark]]
|−21
|−20
|−17.3
|−14.8
|-
|[[Estoniya|Estonia]]
|−8
|−20
|−54.2
|−55.3
|-
|[[Finland]]
|0
|−20
|−5.5
|−4.7
|-
|[[France]]
|0
|−20
|−10.5
|−10.0
|-
|[[Jémanị|Germany]]
|−21
|−20
|−24.3
|−23.6
|-
|[[Greece]]
| +25
|−20
| +11.5
| +11.9
|-
|[[Hungary]]
|−6
|−20
|−43.7
|−41.8
|-
|[[Iceland]]
| +10
|−20
| +10.2
| +19.4
|-
|Ireland
| +13
|−20
| +11.0
| +5.1
|-
|[[Italy]]
|−6
|−20
|−7.0
|−4.0
|-
|[[Japan]]
|−6
|''N/A''
|−2.5
| +1.4
|-
|[[Latvia]]
|−8
|−20
|−61.2
|−56.4
|-
|[[Liechtenstein]]
|−8
|−16
| +4.1
| +2.4
|-
|[[Lithunia|Lithuania]]
|−8
|−20
|−57.9
|−55.6
|-
|[[Luxembourg]]
|−28
|−20
|−9.3
|−8.7
|-
|[[Monako|Monaco]]
|−8
|−22
|−12.5
|−12.5
|-
|[[Netherlands]]
|−6
|−20
|−6.2
|−6.4
|-
|[[New Zealand]]
|0
|''N/A''
|−2.7
| +20.4
|-
|[[Norway]]
| +1
|−16
| +4.6
| +7.5
|-
|[[Poland]]
|−6
|−20
|−29.7
|−28.8
|-
|[[Portugal]]
| +27
|−20
| +5.5
| +22.4
|-
|[[Romania]]
|−8
|−20
|−57.0
|−55.7
|-
|[[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]]
|0
|''N/A''
|−36.3
|−32.7
|-
|[[Slovakia]]
|−8
|−20
|−37.2
|−36.8
|-
|[[Slovenia]]
|−8
|−20
|−9.7
|−3.2
|-
|[[Spain]]
| +15
|−20
| +20.0
| +23.7
|-
|[[Sweden]]
| +4
|−20
|−18.2
|−15.3
|-
|[[Switzerland]]
|−8
|−15.8
|−3.9
|−0.8
|-
|[[Yukrain|Ukraine]]
|0
|−24
|−57.1
|−56.6
|-
|[[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]
|−13
|−20
|−23.0
|−22.6
|-
|[[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] (did not ratify)
|−7
|''N/A''
| +9.5
| +9.5
|}
[[Usòrò:Carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_fuel_combustion_of_Annex_I_Kyoto_Protocol_Parties_1990-2009.png|alt=Refer to caption and image description|áká_èkpè|thumb|CO2 emissions from fuel combustion of Annex I Kyoto Protocol (KP) Parties, 1990–2009. Total Annex I KP emissions are shown, along with emissions of Annex II KP and Annex I EITs.]]
N'ozuzu, otu mba ndị mepere emepe na-etinye aka na ebumnuche Kyoto, ya bụ, mba ndị Annex I na-ewepu US, nwere ebumnuche nke ibelata ikuku GHG ha site na 4.2% na nkezi maka oge 2008 2012 ma e jiri ya tụnyere afọ isi, nke n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ bụ 1990. 

Dị ka e kwuru na ngalaba gara aga, n'etiti 1990 na 1999, e nwere mbelata dị ukwuu na ikuku nke EITs: 25 Mbelata nke EIT bụ ihe kpatara mbelata zuru ezu (nchịkọta) (ewepu LULUCF) na ikuku nke mba Ndepụta I, ewezuga US.: 25 Mmiri nke mba Ndebanye nke II (Nchịkọta I ewezuga mba EIT) enweela mmụba dị nta na ikuku site na 1990 ruo 2006, wee soro nkwụsi ike na mbelata dị ịrịba ama site na 2007 gaa n'ihu: 25 nke EU 25 na nzukọ mbụ&lt;ref name=&quot;Long term trend in global CO2 emissions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Long term trend in global CO2 emissions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Long term trend in global CO2 emissions&quot; /&gt; 

Na Disemba 2011, minista na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke Canada, Peter Kent, kwupụtara n'ụzọ doro anya na Canada ga-ewepụ na nkwekọrịta Kyoto otu ụbọchị mgbe njedebe nke 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference (lee akụkụ nke iwepụ Canada ). &lt;ref name=&quot;vaughan 2011 canada withdrawal&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/dec/13/canada-withdrawal-kyoto-protocol?intcmp=239|author=Vaughan|first=A|title=What does Canada's withdrawal from Kyoto protocol mean?|work=The Guardian|date=13 December 2011|accessdate=17 December 2011}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ndepụta I ndị na-enweghị ebumnuche Kyoto ====
Belarus, Malta, na Turkey bụ ndị Annex I Parties mana enweghị ebumnuche mbụ nke Kyoto. US nwere ebumnuche Kyoto nke mbelata 7% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọkwa 1990, mana ọ kwadoghị nkwekọrịta ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shislov&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Shishlov|first=Igor|date=2016|title=Compliance of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in the first commitment period|journal=Climate Policy|volume=16|issue=6|pages=768–782|doi=10.1080/14693062.2016.1164658|url=https://hal-enpc.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01425106/file/2016%20-%20Shishlov%20et%20al%20-%20Climate%20Policy%20-%20Compliance%20of%20the%20Parties%20to%20the%20Kyoto%20Protocol%20in%20the%20first%20commitment%20period_preprint.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụrụ na US kwadoro Kyoto Protocol, nkezi pasentị mbelata na ngụkọta GHG maka otu Annex I ga-abụ mbelata 5.2% ma e jiri ya tụnyere afọ: 26 

==== Nkwado ====
Mba 38 mepere emepe kwadoro ịmachi ikuku ikuku griin ha. N'ihi na United States akwadoghị na Canada wepụrụ, oke ikuku ahụ ka dị ike maka mba 36. Ha niile na-akwado Protocol. Agbanyeghị, mba itoolu (Austria, Denmark, Iceland, Japan, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain na Switzerland) kwesịrị ịmalite usoro mgbanwe n'ihi na ikuku mba ha dị ntakịrị karịa ebumnuche ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;Shislov&quot;/&gt;

N'ozuzu, mba 36 ndị sonyere n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Protocol ahụ kpebisiri ike belata ngụkọta ha site na 4% site na afọ 1990. Nkezi ha na-eme kwa afọ n'afọ 2008 na 2012 bụ 24.2% n'okpuru ọkwa 1990. N'ihi ya, ha karịrị nkwekọrịta ha niile site na nnukwu ohere. Ọ bụrụ na etinye United States na Canada, ikuku na-ebelata site na 11.8%. Nnukwu mbelata ahụ bụ n'ihi mgbasa nke Soviet Union, nke belatara ikuku nke Eastern Bloc site na iri pasent na mbido afọ 1990. Na mgbakwunye, nsogbu ego nke 2007-08 belatara ikuku na-esi n'ime oge mbụ nke Kyoto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shislov&quot;/&gt;

Mba iri atọ na isii ndị na-agba mbọ belata ikuku na-emepụta naanị ihe ruru pasent iri abụọ na anọ nke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n'ụwa niile na 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shislov&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na mba ndị a belatara ikuku ha n'oge Kyoto, mba ndị ọzọ mụbara ikuku ha nke ukwuu nke na ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ ji pasent 32 rịa elu site na 1990 ruo 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;GapReport&quot;/&gt;

=== Ihe Ndị Na-abụghị Mgbakwunye nke Mbụ ===
 
UNFCCC (2005) chịkọtara ma jikọta ozi ndị na-abụghị ndị Annex I Parties gwara ya. Ọtụtụ ndị na-abụghị ndị Annex I so n'òtù na-enweta ego dị ala, ebe ole na ole ka a na-ahazi dị ka ndị na-enweta ihe dị n'etiti.: 4 Ọtụtụ ndị gụnyere ozi gbasara iwu metụtara mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref name=&quot;2005 unfccc non-annex i summary&quot; /&gt; Ihe ndị na-aga n'ihu na-ebute ụzọ na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke ndị na-abụghị Annex I Parties kwuru gụnyere ibelata ịda ogbenye na ịnweta agụmakwụkwọ na nlekọta ahụike.: 6 Ọtụtụ ndị na-adịghị na Annex I na-eme mgbalị iji gbanwee ma melite iwu gburugburu ebe obibi ha iji tinye nchegbu ụwa dịka mgbanwe ihu igwe.: 7&lt;ref name=&quot;2005 unfccc non-annex i summary&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2005 unfccc non-annex i summary&quot; /&gt; 

Ndị otu ole na ole, dịka, South Africa na Iran, kwupụtara nchegbu ha banyere otu mbọ ndị Annex I Parties nwere ike isi belata ikuku nwere ike imetụta akụ na ụba ha n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma.: 7 Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke mba ndị a na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ego a na-enweta site na mmepụta, nhazi, na mbupụ nke mmanụ ala.

Nkwekọrịta Cancún nke afọ 2010 gụnyere nkwa afọ ofufo nke mba 76 mepere emepe na mba na-emepe emepe mere iji chịkwaa ikuku ha na-emepụta gas na-ekpo ọkụ. N'afọ 2010, mba 76 ndị a jikọtara ọnụ maka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;king 2011 cancun agreement&quot; /&gt;

GHG emissions, ewezuga mgbanwe nke iji ala eme ihe na ọhịa (LUCF), nke otu narị na iri abụọ na abụọ na-abụghị Annex I Parties kọrọ maka afọ 1994 ma ọ bụ afọ kachasị nso a kọrọ, ruru ijeri tọn 11.7 (ijeri = 1,000,000) nke CO2-eq. CO2 bụ oke kachasị nke ikuku (63%), methane (26%) na nitrous oxide (N2O) (11%) sochiri.

Ngalaba ike bụ isi iyi kachasị maka ndị 70 Parties, ebe maka ndị 45 Parties ngalaba ọrụ ugbo bụ nke kachasị. Mgbasa ikuku nke onye ọ bụla (na tọn CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-eq, ewezuga LUCF) mere nkezi tọn 2.8 maka ndị 122 na-abụghị Annex I Parties.

* Ngụkọta nke ikuku nke mpaghara Afrịka bụ ijeri tọn 1.6, na ikuku nke onye ọ bụla nke tọn 2.4.
* Ngụkọta nke mpaghara Eshia na Pacific bụ ijeri tọn 7.9, na onye ọ bụla na-ewepụta tọn 2.6.
* Ngụkọta nke Latin America na mpaghara Caribbean bụ ijeri tọn abụọ, na onye ọ bụla na-ewepụta tọn 4.6.
* Mpaghara &quot;nke ọzọ&quot; gụnyere [[Albania]], Armenia, [[Azerbaijan]], Georgia, Malta, [[Moldova]], na North Macedonia. Ngụkọta ha bụ 0.1 ijeri tọn, na onye ọ bụla na-ewepụta tọn 5.1.

Ndị otu kọrọ ọkwa dị elu nke ejighị n'aka na LUCF emissions, mana n'ozuzu, o yiri ka ọ bụ naanị obere ọdịiche nke 1.7% na na na-enweghị LUCF. Na LUCF, ikuku na-esi n'ụgbọ mmiri apụta bụ ijeri tọn 11.9, na-enweghị LUCF, ngụkọta ngụkọta nke ikuku na-ese n'ụba bụ ijeri ton 11.7.

'''Ihe Ndị Na-eme'''

N'ọtụtụ nnukwu mba na-emepe emepe na akụ na ụba na-eto ngwa ngwa (China, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Egypt, na Iran) GHG na-agbanye ọkụ amụbaala ngwa ngwa (PBL, 2009).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Industrialised countries will collectively meet 2010 Kyoto target|author=PBL|date=16 October 2009|publisher=Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) website|url=http://www.pbl.nl/en/dossiers/COP13Bali/moreinfo/Industrialised-countries-will-collectively-meet-2010-Kyoto-target.html|accessdate=3 April 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409000327/http://www.pbl.nl/en/dossiers/COP13Bali/moreinfo/Industrialised-countries-will-collectively-meet-2010-Kyoto-target.html|archivedate=9 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ikuku na China arịwo elu nke ukwuu n'ime oge 1990-2005, mgbe mgbe site na ihe karịrị 10% afọ. Mgbasa ozi kwa onye na mba ndị na-abụghị Annex I ka dị, n'akụkụ ka ukwuu, dị ala karịa na mba ndị mepere emepe. Mba ndị na-abụghị Annex I enweghị nkwekọrịta mbelata nke ikuku, mana ha na-agba mbọ ime ihe iji belata. China, dịka ọmụmaatụ, enweela usoro iwu mba iji belata uto ikuku, nke gụnyere mmechi nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik ochie, nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma.

== Ọnụ ego e mere atụmatụ ==
Barker et al. (2007, p. 79) nyochara akwụkwọ ahụ ''na'' atụmatụ ọnụahịa maka Kyoto Protocol.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|year=2007|chapter=Mitigation costs across sectors and macro-economic costs|title=Technical summary|series=Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|editor=Metz|publisher=Print version: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, US. This version: IPCC website|isbn=978-0-521-88011-4|author=Barker|first=T.|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/tssts-ts-11-2-mitigation-costs.html|accessdate=16 April 2011|archive-date=20 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220020450/http://ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/tssts-ts-11-2-mitigation-costs.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi na US anaghị etinye aka na nkwekọrịta Kyoto, a chọpụtara na atụmatụ ọnụahịa dị ala karịa ndị e mere atụmatụ na IPCC Third Assessment Report gara aga. Na-enweghị ntinye aka US, yana iji usoro mgbanwe nke Kyoto mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke, a na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụahịa na-erughị 0.05% nke Annex B GDP. Nke a ma e jiri ya tụnyere atụmatụ mbụ nke 0.1 São 1.1%. Na-enweghị iji usoro ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe, a na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụahịa na-enweghị ntinye aka US na-erughị 0.1%. Nke a ma e jiri ya tụnyere atụmatụ mbụ nke 0.2X2%. A na-ele atụmatụ ọnụahịa ndị a anya dị ka ndị dabeere na ọtụtụ ihe akaebe na nkwekọrịta dị elu na akwụkwọ.

== Echiche Banyere Usoro ahụ ==
Gupta et al. (2007) nyochara akwụkwọ gbasara iwu mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ha chọpụtara na ọ nweghị nyocha ikike nke UNFCCC ma ọ bụ Protocol ya kwusiri ike na nkwekọrịta ndị a nwere, ma ọ bụ ga-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma n'idozi nsogbu ihu igwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;gupta&quot;/&gt; Na nyocha ndị a, a na-eche na UNFCCC ma ọ bụ Protocol ya agaghị agbanwe. Nkwekọrịta Framework na Protocol ya gụnyere ndokwa maka usoro iwu n'ọdịnihu a ga-ewere.

Gupta et al. (2007) kọwara nkwa nke mbụ nke Kyoto dị ka &quot;obi umeala&quot;, na-ekwu ''na'' ha rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi na ịdị irè nke nkwekọrịta ahụ. A tụrụ aro na a ga-eme ka nkwa Kyoto ndị ọzọ dịkwuo irè site na usoro ndị e mere iji nweta mbelata dị omimi na ikuku, yana ịnwe iwu ndị a na-etinye na òkè ka ukwuu nke ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;gupta kyoto assessment&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2008, mba ndị nwere okpu Kyoto mejupụtara ihe na-erughị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ikuku carbon dioxide zuru ụwa ọnụ kwa afọ site na ọkụ ọkụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Emissions from Fuel Combustion - 2011 Highlights|author=International Energy Agency (IEA)|url=http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/CO2highlights.pdf|publisher=IEA|location=Paris, France|accessdate=31 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

World Bank (2010) kwuru banyere otu Kyoto Protocol si nwee mmetụta dị nta n'ịchịkwa uto ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ. E kwurịtara nkwekọrịta ahụ na 1997, mana n'afọ 2006, ikuku carbon dioxide metụtara ike ejirila pasent 24 rịa elu. World Bank (2010) kwukwara na nkwekọrịta ahụ nyere naanị nkwado ego ole na ole maka mba ndị na-emepe emepe iji nyere ha aka belata ikuku ha na ime mgbanwe ihu igwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;world bank kyoto comments&quot; /&gt;

Ụfọdụ n'ime nkatọ nke Protocol ahụ dabeere n'echiche nke ikpe ziri ezi ihu igwe (Liverman, 2008, p. 14).&lt;ref name=&quot;liverman&quot;/&gt;

Nke a lekwasịrị anya na nguzozi dị n'etiti obere ikuku na nnukwu nsogbu nke mba ndị na-emepe emepe na mgbanwe ihu igwe, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnukwu ikuku na mba ndị mepere emepe. Nkatọ ọzọ nke Kyoto Protocol na mgbakọ mba ụwa ndị ọzọ, bụ ikike ụmụ amaala nwere isonye. N'ịbụ nke e hotara ebe a site na nkwupụta nke Nzukọ Mba Nile Mbụ nke Ndị N'Ime Obodo na Mgbanwe Ihu igwe, ọ na-ekwu &quot;N'agbanyeghị nkwenye nke ọrụ anyị na igbochi okpomọkụ ụwa, mgbe oge ruru ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa dị ka United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, ọzọ, ikike anyị isonye na mkparịta ụka mba na nke na-emetụta ndị mmadụ na mpaghara anyị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Indigenous peoples and environmental issues: an encyclopedia|author=Johansen|first=Bruce E.|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=9780313323980|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indigenouspeople0000joha/page/115 115–116]|oclc=51559162|url=https://archive.org/details/indigenouspeople0000joha/page/115}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tụkwasị na nke a, mgbe e mesịrị na nkwupụta ahụ, ọ na-agụ:&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;Anyị na-akatọ eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụghị [United Nations] ma ọ bụ Kyoto Protocol na-anabata ịdị adị ma ọ bụ onyinye nke ndị obodo. Ọzọkwa, arụmụka ndị dị n'okpuru ngwá ọrụ ndị a atụlebeghị aro na aro nke ndị obodo ma ọ bụ nwee usoro kwesịrị ekwesị iji hụ na anyị sonyere na arụmụka niile metụtara ndị obodo.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ụfọdụ ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi akwadowo Kyoto Protocol n'ihi na ọ bụ &quot;''na''anị egwuregwu dị n'obodo&quot;, na ikekwe n'ihi n'ihi ete ha na-atụ anya na nkwekọrịta mbelata ikuku n'ọdịnihu nwere ike ịchọ mbelata ikuku siri ike (Aldy et al.., 2003, p. 9).&lt;ref name=&quot;aldy&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Thirteen Plus One: A Comparison of Global Climate Policy Architectures|date=9 September 2003|author=Aldy|first=J. E.|journal=Climate Policy|volume=3|issue=4|pages=373–397|url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17261/thirteen_plus_one.html|accessdate=2 April 2010|doi=10.1016/j.clipol.2003.09.004|archive-date=27 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027163217/http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17261/thirteen_plus_one.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2001, ụlọ akwụkwọ sayensị iri na asaa nke mba ahụ kwuru na nkwado nke Protocol ahụ na-anọchite anya &quot;obere nzọụkwụ mbụ dị mkpa iji mee ka ikuku nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ kwụsie ike&quot;. Ụfọdụ ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị akatọọla nkwa ndị dị ugbu a maka adịghị ike (Grubb, 2000, p. 5).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=April 2000|author=Grubb|first=M.|title=The Kyoto Protocol: An Economic Appraisal. FEEM Working Paper No. 30 2000|url=https://archive.org/details/kyotoprotocolgui0000grub|doi=10.2139/ssrn.229280}}&lt;/ref&gt;

United States (n'okpuru onye bụbu onye isi ala George W. Bush) na Australia (na mbido, n'okpuru onye isi ala John Howard) emeghị ka nkwekọrịta Kyoto kwado. Dị ka Stern si kwuo (2006), mkpebi ha dabeere na enweghị nkwekọrịta nke ikuku maka akụ na ụba na-apụta (lee kwa ngalaba 2000 gaa n'ihu).&lt;ref name=&quot;stern us and australia&quot; /&gt; Australia, n'okpuru onye bụbu praịm minista Kevin Rudd, akwadowo nkwekọrịta ahụ, nke malitere na Machị 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200610/s1772952.htm|title=Govt still not serious about climate change: Labor|work=ABC News Online|date=26 October 2006|accessdate=30 October 2006|archive-date=11 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011163324/http://abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200610/s1772952.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;australia signing&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7124236.stm|title=Rudd takes Australia inside Kyoto|work=BBC News|date=3 December 2007|accessdate=5 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7124236.stm|title=Australia's Rudd sworn in as PM|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=3 December 2007|accessdate=3 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Echiche banyere usoro mgbanwe ===
Mpaghara ọzọ a kọwaara bụ ọrụ nke usoro mgbanwe nke Kyoto bụ azụmaahịa ikuku, Njikọ Njikọ, na Usoro Mmepe Dị Ọcha (CDM). Usoro mgbanwe ahụ adọtawo okwu dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma.

Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, ọtụtụ ndị otu Annex I emejuputa atụmatụ azụmaahịa ikuku (ETSs) dị ka akụkụ nke mgbalị iji mezuo nkwa Kyoto ha. Nkọwa n'ozuzu banyere ahia ikuku na-abanye na ahia ikuku na ahia ikuku carbon. Isiokwu ọ bụla na ETS nwere nkọwa na atụmatụ ndị a (lee § International Emissions Trading maka ndepụta nke ETSs).

Otu n'ime arụmụka ndị e mere iji kwado usoro mgbanwe bụ na ha nwere ike belata ego ndị Annex I Parties na-efu n'ịmezu nkwa Kyoto ha. Nkatọ nke mgbanwe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, gụnyere enweghị ike nke ahia ikuku na ịkwalite itinye ego na isi mmalite ike na-abụghị fossil, yana mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọrụ CDM na obodo ndị dị na mba ndị na-emepe emepe.

=== Nkà ihe ọmụma ===
Dị ka Kyoto Protocol na-achọ ibelata mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi ma n'otu oge ahụ na-agbanwe nnwere onwe nke ụfọdụ ụmụ amaala.

Dị ka Milton Friedman tụlere, mmadụ nwere ike inweta nnwere onwe akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na akụrụngwa; n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ dịghị mgbe a na-ekwe nkwa na mmadụ ga-enwe nhata nke akụ na ụba nke ndị nọ n'elu &quot;usoro nri&quot; nke ụwa akụrụngwa a. Mgbanwe ndị a niile na-abịa n'ihe ndị isi ụmụ amaala na-ahọrọ itinye n'ụzọ iji melite ndụ mmadụ. N'ihe banyere Kyoto Protocol, ọ na-achọ itinye iwu ga-ebelata mmepụta nke mmetọ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọzọkwa, na-achọ imebi nnwere onwe nke ụmụ amaala onwe na nke ọha na eze. N'otu akụkụ ọ na-etinye iwu buru ibu maka ụlọ ọrụ ma belata uru ha ka ha chọrọ imezu iwu ndị dị otú ahụ, nke na-adịkarị oke ọnụ, ụzọ ndị ọzọ maka mmepụta. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ na-achọ ibelata ikuku na-akpata mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi ngwa ngwa a na-akpọ mgbanwe ihu igwe.

Ọnọdụ nke Kyoto Protocol na-agụnye ihe ndị a chọrọ maka gas na-ekpo ọkụ maka mba ndị na-eduga n'ụwa. Dị ka United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change nyere, &quot;Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ndị a sitere na -8 pasent ruo +10 pasent nke ọkwa ikuku nke mba 1990 n'otu n'otu iji belata ikuku ha niile nke gas dị otú ahụ site na ọ dịkarịa ala pasent 5 n'okpuru ọkwa 1990 dị ugbu a n'oge nkwekọrịta 2008 ruo 2012.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/background/items/2879.php|title=A Summary of the Kyoto Protocol|work=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|accessdate=2017-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A chọghị ka China, India, Indonesia na Brazil belata ikuku CO2 ha. Mba ndị fọdụrụnụ bịanyere aka na ya abụghị iwu itinye usoro ma ọ bụ usoro ụfọdụ, kama iji ruo ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke mbelata ikuku nke ha nwere ike irite uru na ahịa nke abụọ maka ego carbon nke ọtụtụ mba gbanwere site na ibe ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;OCLC 1027999644&quot; /&gt; Usoro ahia nke ikuku (ETS) nyere mba ohere ịnabata ụlọ ọrụ na-emetọ ikuku na ịzụta ihe onwunwe nke uru gburugburu ebe obibi ha na ụkpụrụ ọma site na mba ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;OCLC 1027999644&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Geoffrey Wells|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=V9K5XphOdukC&amp;pg=PA89|title=Sustainable Business: Theory and Practice of Business Under Sustainability Principles|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|date=January 1, 2013|isbn=9781781001868|oclc=1027999644|chapter=5 - Carbon accounting and carbon auditing for business}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otú ọ dị, ndị na-agọnahụ mgbanwe ihu igwe, bụ ndị na-akatọ ihe akaebe sayensị siri ike banyere mmetụta mmadụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe na-agbagha ebumnuche nke Kyoto Protocol. Otu onye ọkà mmụta a ma ama na-eche na ndị a na-agọnahụ mgbanwe ihu igwe &quot;n'ụzọ a na-enyo enyo&quot; na-emebi echiche Rousseau banyere nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nke bụ nkwekọrịta doro anya n'etiti ndị otu ọha iji hazie mbọ n'aha uru mmekọrịta mmadụ na eze. Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-egbochi mbọ ndị a na-agba ịbịakwute nkwekọrịta dị ka otu ọha zuru ụwa ọnụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OFcdDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT93|title=Remaking the Urban Social Contract: Health, Energy, and the Environment|author=Pagano|first=Michael A.|date=2016-08-30|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=9780252099137|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnyocha nke 2021 na-atụle ma atụmatụ ụlọ ọrụ na atụmatụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke metụtara nnabata nke usoro Kyoto. Ọ kwubiri na obere mmetụta nke Kyoto protocol na ikuku carbon dioxide zuru ụwa ọnụ na-egosipụta ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere &quot;atụmatụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ike na-ahaghị nhata, na enweghị onye ndu&quot; n'etiti na n'ime mba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stoddard&quot; /&gt; Mgbalị nke ọdịmma mmanụ ala na ndị na-eche echiche na-agbanwe agbanwe iji gbasaa ozi aghụghọ na ịgọnahụ mgbanwe ihu igwe emetụtala echiche ọha na eze na omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma n'ime United States ma karịa ya. Nkwado nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala na ego ha na-enye ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị emeela ka omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị belata iji dozie mgbanwe ihu igwe na mpaghara, mba, na mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stoddard&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Stoddard|first=Isak|title=Three Decades of Climate Mitigation: Why Haven't We Bent the Global Emissions Curve?|journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources|date=18 October 2021|volume=46|issue=1|pages=653–689|doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011104|url=https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011104|accessdate=31 August 2022|language=en|issn=1543-5938}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nzukọ nke Ndị Otu ==
[[Usòrò:DF3_Session_Kyoto_Protocol_Panelists_(14301146388).jpg|thumb|DF3 Nzukọ Nzukọ Kyoto Protocol Panelists]]
Nzukọ gọọmentị nke steeti niile sonyere na Kyoto Protocol bụ Conference of the Parties (COP) na United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A na-eme ya kwa afọ; ọ na-eje ozi dị ka nzukọ UNFCCC. Ndị otu na Nkwekọrịta ahụ nwere ike isonye na nzukọ ndị metụtara Protocol ma ọ bụ dị ka ndị otu na Protocol ma ọ dị ka ndị na-ekiri.

E mere nzukọ mbụ na 1995 na Berlin. E mere nzukọ mbụ nke ndị otu Kyoto Protocol (CMP) na 2005 na njikọ aka na COP 11. E mere nzukọ 2013 na Warsaw. E mechara mee COPs na Lima, Peru, na 2014 na Paris, France, na 2015. Ihe omume 2015, COP 21, bu n'uche ijide mmụba nke ụwa na okpomọkụ n'okpuru 2 degrees Celsius.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=21st Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and 11th meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (COP 21/CMP 11) {{!}} PreventionWeb.net|url=https://www.preventionweb.net/events/view/30512?id=30512|accessdate=2020-07-28|work=www.preventionweb.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mere atụmatụ COP 22 maka Marrakesh, Morocco na COP 23 maka Bonn, Germany.

== Mgbanwe na onye nọchiri ya ==
Na &quot;Washington Declaration&quot; na-adịghị agbanye iwu kwetara na 16 Febụwarị 2007, ndị isi gọọmentị si Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, China, India, Mexico na South Africa kwetara na ụkpụrụ nke onye nọchiri Kyoto Protocol. Ha chepụtara usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ga-emetụta mba ndị mepere emepe na mba ndị na-emepe emepe, na mbido ha nwere olileanya na ọ ga-adị n'ọnọdụ site na 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6364663.stm|title=Politicians sign new climate pact|publisher=BBC|date=16 February 2007|accessdate=28 May 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://environment.guardian.co.uk/climatechange/story/0,,2014683,00.html|title=Global leaders reach climate change agreement|work=The Guardian|date=16 February 2007|accessdate=28 May 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nzukọ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke United Nations na Copenhagen na Disemba 2009 bụ otu n'ime usoro nzukọ UN kwa afọ nke sochiri 1992 Earth Summit na Rio. N'afọ 1997, mkparịta ụka ahụ dugara na Kyoto Protocol, a na-ewerekwa nzukọ ahụ na Copenhagen dị ka ohere iji kwado onye ga-anọchi Kyoto nke ga-eweta mbelata carbon bara uru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/mar/25/copenhagen-climate-change-summit|title=Why the Copenhagen climate change cliffhanger could drag on a little longer|author=Adam|first=David|work=The Guardian|date=25 March 2009|accessdate=14 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/apr/14/global-warming-target-2c|quote=The poll comes as UN negotiations to agree a new global treaty to regulate carbon pollution gather pace in advance of a key meeting in Copenhagen in December. Officials will try to agree a successor to the Kyoto protocol, the first phase of which expires in 2012.|title=World will not meet 2C warming target, climate change experts agree|work=The Guardian|author=Adam|first=David|date=14 April 2009|accessdate=14 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nkwekọrịta Cancún nke afọ 2010 gụnyere nkwa afọ ofufo nke mba 76 mepere emepe na mba na-emepe emepe mere iji chịkwaa ikuku ha na-emepụta gas na-ekpo ọkụ. N'afọ 2010, mba 76 ndị a jikọtara ọnụ maka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;king 2011 cancun agreement&quot; /&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule Mee 2012, US, Japan, Russia, na Canada egosila na ha agaghị etinye aka na oge nke abụọ nke Kyoto.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/may/16/bonn-climate-talks-eu-kyoto|title=Bonn climate talks: EU plays down talk of Kyoto protocol rift|first=James|author=Murray|work=The Guardian|date=16 May 2012|quote=A number of large emitters, including the US, Japan, Russia, and Canada, have signalled they will not sign up to Kyoto or to a second commitment period of Kyoto, while large emerging economies will only sign up to an agreement that does not impose binding emission reduction targets on them.|accessdate=21 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2012, Australia kwupụtara na ọ ga-esonye na oge nke abụọ n'okpuru Kyoto Protocol na New Zealand kwupụtara nde ọ gaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/nov/09/australia-kyoto-protocol-second-phase|title=Kyoto protocol: Australia signs up to second phase|first=Fiona|author=Harvey|work=The Guardian|date=9 November 2012|accessdate=21 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Minista ihu igwe nke New Zealand bụ Tim Groser kwuru na Protocol Kyoto nke dị afọ iri na ise bụ ihe mgbe ochie, nakwa na New Zealand &quot;n'ihu usoro&quot; n'ịchọ onye ga-anọchi ya nke ga-agụnye mba ndị na-emepe emepe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Groser-NZ-ahead-of-the-curve-in-quitting-Kyoto-Protocol/tabid/1160/articleID/278937/Default.aspx|work=3 News NZ|title=Groser defends quitting Kyoto Protocol|date=3 December 2012|accessdate=7 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òtù ndị na-enweghị uru na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka World Wildlife Fund katọrọ mkpebi New Zealand ịpụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/NZs-environmental-reputation-nosedive/tabid/1160/articleID/279779/Default.aspx|work=3 News NZ|title=NZ's climate reputation 'nosedive'|date=10 December 2012|accessdate=7 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 8 Disemba 2012, na ngwụcha 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, e ruru nkwekọrịta ịgbatị Protocol ahụ ruo 2020 na ịtọ ụbọchị nke 2015 maka mmepe nke akwụkwọ ga-anọchi ya, nke a ga-etinye n'ọrụ site na 2020 (lee isi maka ozi ndị ọzọ).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20653018|title=UN climate talks extend Kyoto Protocol, promise compensation|work=BBC News|date=8 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsonaazụ nke mkparịta ụka Doha enwetala nzaghachi dị mgbagwoju anya, na obere agwaetiti na-akatọ ngwugwu ahụ n'ozuzu. Oge nkwa nke abụọ nke Kyoto na-emetụta ihe dị ka 11% nke ikuku ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n'ụwa niile kwa afọ. Nsonaazụ ndị ọzọ nke nzukọ ahụ gụnyere oge maka nkwekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ a ga-anakwere site na 2015 nke gụnyere mba niile. Na nzukọ Doha nke ndị otu UNFCCC na 8 Disemba 2012, onye isi na-ekwu maka ihu igwe nke European Union, Artur Runge-Metzger, kwere nkwa ịgbatị nkwekọrịta ahụ, na-ejikọta na mba 27 nke Europe, ruo n'afọ 2020 na-echere usoro nkwenye n'ime.

Ban Ki Moon, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations, kpọrọ ndị isi ụwa ka ha bịa na nkwekọrịta maka ịkwụsị okpomọkụ ụwa n'oge nnọkọ nke 69 nke Nzukọ Ezumezu UN na 23 Septemba 2014 na New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sd.iisd.org/events/69th-session-of-the-un-general-assembly-unga-69|title=Event: 69th Session of the UN General Assembly (UNGA 69) &amp;#124; SDG Knowledge Hub|work=Sd.iisd.org|accessdate=2023-05-09|archivedate=2016-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310204438/http://sd.iisd.org/events/69th-session-of-the-un-general-assembly-unga-69}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mere nzukọ ihu igwe ọzọ na Paris na 2015, nke si na ya pụta nkwekọrịta Paris, onye nọchiri Kyoto Protocol.

== QHụkwa ==
  

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}} Executive summary in [http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160513232948/http://www.unep.org/publications/ebooks/emissionsgap2012/ other languages] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160513232948/http://www.unep.org/publications/ebooks/emissionsgap2012/ |date=13 May 2016 }}
* {{citation
 |date = 6 June 1995
 |author = UNFCCC
 |title = FCCC/CP/1995/7/Add.1: Report of the Conference of the Parties on its first session, held at Berlin from 28 March to 7 April 1995. Addendum. Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its first session
 |url = http://maindb.unfccc.int/library/view_pdf.pl?url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop1/07a01.pdf
 |publisher = United Nations Office
 |location = Geneva, Switzerland
}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Available as a [http://unfccc.int/documentation/documents/advanced_search/items/6911.php?priref=600000318 PDF] in the official UN languages.
* {{Citation
|date=25 October 2005
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|url=http://unfccc.int/documentation/documents/advanced_search/items/3594.php?rec=j&amp;priref=600003578#beg
|publisher=United Nations Office
|location=Geneva, Switzerland
}}
* {{citation
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 | publisher=United Nations Office
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* {{citation
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 | title=Annex I national communications (NC5)
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* {{citation
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* {{citation
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* {{citation
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==Ọgụgụ ọzọ==
* Ekardt, F./von Hövel, A.: ''Distributive Justice, Competitiveness, and Transnational Climate Protection''. In: Carbon &amp; Climate Law Review, Vol. 3., 2009, p.&amp;nbsp;102–114.
* Katy Longden, Roshni Pabari, Munir Hassan, and Dalia Majumder-Russel, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203938/http://a4id.org/sites/default/files/files/%5BA4ID%5D%20Climate%20change%20Mitigation%20and%20Adaptation.pdf Climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation (A Legal Guide)]&quot;. Advocates for International Development (June 2012)
* Romain Morel, and Igor Shishlov, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150419002806/http://www.cdcclimat.com/Climate-Report-no44-Ex-post-1704.html Ex-post evaluation of the Kyoto Protocol: Four key lessons for the 2015 Paris Agreement]&quot;. CDC Climat Research (May 2014)
* Sebastian Oberthür, Hermann E. Ott: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-03925-0 ''International Climate Policy for the 21st Century''], 1999, Springer.
;Economics
* {{Cite journal
|date=May 1999
|title=The Costs of the Kyoto Protocol: A Multi-Model Evaluation
|editor-last=Weyant
|editor-first=J. P.
|journal=Energy Journal
|issue=Special issue
|url=http://emf.stanford.edu/publications/the_costs_of_the_kyoto_protocol_a_multimodel_evaluation/
|access-date=8 August 2009
|archive-date=9 July 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709075041/http://emf.stanford.edu/publications/the_costs_of_the_kyoto_protocol_a_multimodel_evaluation/
|url-status=dead
}} From this issue:
** {{Cite journal
|title=The Kyoto Protocol: A Cost-Effective Strategy for Meeting Environmental Objectives?
| last1 = Manne | first1 = A. S. | first2 = R. | last2 = Richels
|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/38/53/1923159.pdf
|access-date=8 August 2009}}
** {{Cite journal | title = Requiem for Kyoto: An Economic Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol | author-link1 = William Nordhaus | last1 = Nordhaus | first1 = W. D. | first2 = J. G. | last2 = Boyer | url = http://www.econ.yale.edu/~nordhaus/homepage/Kyoto.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20001006234806/http://www.econ.yale.edu/~nordhaus/homepage/Kyoto.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 6 October 2000 | access-date = 8 August 2009 }}

==Njikọ Mpuga==
* E nwere edemede gbasara [[s:Kyoto Protocol|Nkwekọrịta Kyoto]] na [[Wikisource|Wikisọọsụ]]
* Protocol text ([http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.html HTML] and [http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf PDF]), [http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CTC/Ch_XXVII-7-b.pdf 2007] and [http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CTC/Ch_XXVII-7-c.pdf 2012 amendment]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&amp;chapter=27&amp;clang=_en List of countries who have ratified, accepted, approved, or accessed the Kyoto Protocol], its [https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-b&amp;chapter=27&amp;clang=_en first amendment] (Targets for Belarus) and its [https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&amp;chapter=27&amp;clang=_en second amendment] (extension period 2012–2020)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150313033837/http://www.zvon.org/law/r/kyoto.html Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at Law-Ref.org] – fully indexed and crosslinked with other documents
* [http://mindprod.com/environment/kyoto.html The layman's guide to the Kyoto Protocol]
* [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/13n2a4d-k-qyiBM9ajPo5ugXxOkQWLdEPygRVLdkkoI0/edit?hl=en%3Cbr+%3E%3C/a%3E&amp;hl=en%3Cbr+%3E%3C/a%3E#gid=0 Kyoto: On Target? – Google Docs]
* [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/kpccc/kpccc.html Introductory note by Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, procedural history note and audiovisual material] on the ''Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change'' in the [http://legal.un.org/avl/historicarchives.html Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law]</text>
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    <title>Gizo (akụkọ ifo)</title>
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Gizo, nke a makwaara dịka '''Gizzo''', bụ onye aghụghọ ududo nke dị n'okpukpe ọdịnala nke [[Ndi Haụsa|ndị Hausa]], ndị dị na mpaghara Sahelian ma nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na [[Naijiria]], [[Niger]], [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]], na [[Benin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lynch|first=Patricia Ann|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Qiq4ps_wDIC|title=African Mythology, A to Z|date=2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-3133-7|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ọdịbendị nke ududo n'akụkọ ifo Afrịka, Gizo bụ dike n'akụkọ ifo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Tremearne|first=Major A. J. N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=74TFBQAAQBAJ&amp;q=hausa+gizzo&amp;pg=PT34|title=Hausa Superstitions and Customs: An Introduction to the Folk-Lore and the Folk|date=2014-01-02|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-96973-7|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Skinner|first=Neil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ciWDwAAQBAJ|title=Hausa Tales and Traditions: An English Translation of Tatsuniyoyi Na Hausa Originally Compiled by Frank Edgar|date=2019-06-03|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-64801-4|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Tremearne|first=Arthur John Newman|url=http://archive.org/details/hausasuperstitio00tremuoft|title=Hausa superstitions and customs: an introduction to the folk-lore and the folk|date=1913|publisher=London, Bale|others=Gerstein - University of Toronto}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ifo ==

=== Enyi, Enyi Mmiri, na Ududo. ===
Ụkọ nri malitere otu ugboro, Gizo, yana ezinụlọ ya, nọkwa n'agụụ nke ukwuu. Ya mere, Gizo gara n'ebe enyí nọ, onye a na-ewere dịka onye nwe ala niile. Gizo gwara enyí ahụ, na-ekwu na onye nwe mmiri, enju mmiri ahụ chọrọ ka enyinyo ahụ zitere ya otu narị nkata ọka. Na mgbanwere, enyí mmiri ga-ezigara enyi ahụ nnukwu ịnyịnya. Enyí ahụ amaghị na Gizo na-agha ụgha, ya mere o nyere ya ọka ahụ.

Mgbe o nwesịrị ihe ịga nke ọma na mgbalị mbụ ya, Gizo gakwuuru enyí mmiri n'oge a. Ọ rịọrọ otu narị nkata azụ maka enyí ahụ. Na nzaghachi, enyí ga-enweta nnukwu ịnyịnya site n'aka enjyi mmiri. N'ezie, Gizo na-agha ụgha nye enyí mmiri - mana ọ bụghị onye maara ihe.

N'ikpeazụ, ma enyí Ḿmírí ma enyi ahụ rịọrọ Gizo maka ịnyịnya ha. Ya mere, Gizo chepụtara aghụghọ: Ọ gwara ndị isi obodo abụọ na ọ dị mkpa ijide ịnyịnya ọhịa. Nanị ihe ha ga-eme bụ ịdọrọ eriri nke Gizo tinyere n'aka ha. N'amaghị ama ha, Gizo kwukwara otu ihe ahụ maka enyí na enyi mmiri ahụ; ya mere, ndị otu atọ ahụ mechara na-adọkpụ eriri ahụ n'akụkụ nke ha gasị, n'amagyeghị ihe merenụ.

N'ezie, n'ikpeazụ, ma enyí mmiri ma enyi ahụ chọpụtara aghụghọ ahụ. Gizo gbapụrụ ma zoo n'iwe ha. Otú ọ dị, ọzọ, agụụ mere ya ihe o wee gbapụta ebe o zoro. Iji jide n'aka na a gaghị amata ya, Gizo weere akpụkpọ anụ mgbada ma mee ka ọ bụ otu. O nwekwara ihe ịga nke ọma: Ọ bụ ezie na enyí na anyị mmiri zutere ya, ọ dịghị onye nwere ike ịmata ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Onye na-eri mkpụrụ obi (akụkọ ọdịnala)</title>
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      <text bytes="2093" sha1="c3ewt8mfpz2irnempcnegumdr7r4y9s" xml:space="preserve">'''Onye na-eri mkpụrụ obi''' bụ onye dị na akụkọ ifo ọdịnala n'usoro nkwenkwe ọdịbendị nke ụfọdụ ndị Afrịka, ọkachasị [[Ndi Haụsa|ndị Hausa]] nke [[Naijiria]] na [[Niger]].

Nkwenye na ndị na-eri mkpụrụ obi nwere njikọ na nkwenye ọdịnala na amoosu, zombies, na ihe ndị metụtara ya. A na-eche na onye na-eri mkpụrụ obi nwere ike iri mmụọ mmadụ, ma na-akpata ọrịa nke nwere ike igbu mmadụ; Iri mmụọ (mkpụrụ obi) bụ ụdị iri mmadụ amoosu nke agba ochie.&lt;ref&gt;Stewart, Pamela J., and [[Andrew Strathern]]. ''Witchcraft, Sorcery, Rumors and Gossip.'' Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004; p. 73.&lt;/ref&gt; Na nkwenye ndị Hausa, ọchịchọ na ikike maka omume ahụ, nke a na-akpọ maita, gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na nkume pụrụ iche echekwara n'afọ mmadụ. A na-ekwu na e nwere ike iketa àgwà ahụ site n'aka nne na nna, ma ọ bụ enwere ya site na onye na-aru ọrụ ya dị ugbu a. Onye na-eri mkpụrụ obi nwere ike iwere &amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x1ECB;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x1ECB;&lt;ref&gt;Schmoll, Pamela G. &quot;Black Stomachs, Beautiful Stones: Soul-Eating among Hausa in Niger.&quot; In: ''Modernity and Its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa.'' Edited by Jean Comaroff. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1993; pp. 193-220.&lt;/ref&gt; nkịta ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ọzọ na ịchụso nkwenkwe ya nke jikọtara ya na nkwenye nke anụ ọhịa wolf, anụ, selkies, na ihe ndị ọzọ e kere eke bụ mmadụ / anụ ọhịa a na-ahụ n'ụwa akụkọ ọdịnala.

Nkwenye ọzọ banyere ndị na-eri mkpụrụ obi bụ na ha bụ ndị ndị amoosu bụrụ ọnụ ma na-aghaghị iri mkpụrụ ndụ mmadụ iji bie ndụ ha. Mgbe onye na-eri mkpụrụ obi riri mkpụrụ ndụ onye ahụ, onye e riri obi ya na-apụ n'anya dịka uzuzu.

Nkwenye ọdịnala na iri mkpụrụ obi aputala ìhè n'ọtụtụ ndị edemede akụkọ egwu na echiche nrọ nke oge a, ndị dere abụ nke ugbu a na ihe nkiri na [[Egwuregwu vidiyo|egwuregwu vidio]].

== Edemsibịa ==
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    <title>West African CFA franc</title>
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      <text bytes="3110" sha1="nmje2t79bhl9lhm7x4zlkrukuydzoym" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:BCEAOFranc.png|thumb|West African CFA franc]]
 
[[Category:Currencies with ISO 4217 code]]
West African '''CFA franc''' ([[Asụsụ French|French]]: franc CFA maọbụ nanị franc, ISO 4217 koodu: '''XOF'''; mkpụmkpụ: F.CFA) bụ ego nke mba asatọ nwere onwe ha na West Afrika nke mejupụtara West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA; Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine): [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Senegal]] na [[Togo]]. Mba asatọ a nwere ngụkọta nke nde mmadụ 105.7 na afo 2014, na ngụkọta GDP nke US $ 128.6 ijeri (dịka Mgbe afo 2018).&lt;ref name=&quot;2014_data_sheet&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.prb.org/pdf14/2014-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf|title=2014 World Population Data Sheet|author=Population Reference Bureau|authorlink=Population Reference Bureau|accessdate=2023-06-09|archivedate=2018-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218233032/http://www.prb.org/pdf14/2014-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mmalite CFA na-anọchite anya Communauté Financière Africaine (&quot;African Financial Community&quot;). Ọ bụ Central Bank nke ndi West Afrikan States (BCEAO; Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest), nke dị na Dakar, [[Senegal]], na-enye ego ahụ maka ndị otu UEMOA. A na-ekewa franc ahụ n'ime 100 cents mana ọ nweghị mkpụrụ ego ma maọbụ akwụkwọ ego a na-akpọ na cents. A na-emepụtakeazi akwụkwọ CFA franc na mkpụrụ ego na Chamalières site na Bank of France kemgbe e guzobere ya na afo otu puku nari itoolu iri ano Na ise (1945).

Franki CFA nke Central Afrika nwere uru hà nhata na franc CFA nke West Afrika, ma na-ekesa ya n'ọtụtụ steeti etiti Afrika. A na-akpọkarị ha abụọ CFA franc.

N'ọnwa Disemba nke afọ 2019, a mara ọkwa na a ga-agbanwe franc CFA nke West Afrika, nke ga-agụnye ịgbanwe aha ya na ibelata ọrụ France na ego ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ivorycoast-france-macron/west-africa-renames-cfa-franc-but-keeps-it-pegged-to-euro-idUSKBN1YP0JR|title=West Africa renames CFA franc but keeps it pegged to euro|date=2019-12-21|accessdate=2019-12-22|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/west-africas-new-currency-the-eco-rebrand-or-fresh-start/a-51784054|title=West Africa's new currency, the Eco: Rebrand or fresh start?|date=2019-12-23|accessdate=2020-02-20|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obodo akụ na ụba nke West African States (ECOWAS), nke ndị otu UEMOA bụkwa ndị otu ya, na-eme atụmatụ iwebata ego nke ya maka mba ndị otu ya site na afo 2027, nke ha nabatakwara aha eco maka ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=West Africa: ECOWAS Heads of State Name Single Currency ECO|work=AllAfrica|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201907010044.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=West Africa regional bloc adopts new plans to launch ECO single currency in 2027|work=REUTERS|url=https://jp.reuters.com/article/ozatp-uk-westafrica-summit-currency-idAFKCN2DW060-OZATP}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==</text>
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    <title>Escadrille Nationale du Niger</title>
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      <text bytes="1459" sha1="hckrgib860kpn9y6p95kofarnml7lcg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Escadrille Nationale du Niger bụ ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu gọọmentị nke [[Niger]] nke dị na Diori Hamani International Airport na Niamey.&lt;ref name=&quot;ch-aviation&quot;&gt;[https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/airline/GON ch-aviation.com - Escadrille Nationale du Niger] retrieved 3 November 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụgbọ Mmiri ==
[[Usòrò:5U-GRN_Boeing_737-75U_BBJ_Niger_Government_Stansted_27.7.21.jpg|thumb|Boeing BBJ nke ugbu a nke Escadrille Nationale du Niger na-arụ ọrụ.]]
[[Usòrò:Boeing_737-2N9C,_5U-BAG,_Government_of_Niger_Republic.jpg|thumb|Boeing 737-200 nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọelu ahụ, nke e sere n'afọ 2013.]]

=== Ụgbọ mmiri dị ugbu a ===
Ụgbọ mmiri Escadrille Nationale du Niger nwere ụgbọ elu ndị a (dịka nke Ọgọst 2017:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Global Airlines Guide 2017 (Part One)|journal=Airliner World|issue=October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 1 Boeing BBJ

=== Ụgbọ mmiri ndị bụbu ===
Ụgbọ mmiri Escadrille Nationale du Niger gụnyeburu ụgbọ elu ndị a (dịka nke 19 Julaị 2009). [http://www.ch-aviation.ch/aircraft.php?search=set&amp;airline=GON&amp;al_op=1]:

* 1 Boeing 737-200

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Escadrille Nationale du Niger (Niger National Squadron) (Niger), ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha. Jane's Helicopter Markets and Systems, Jun 17, 2005.
* [http://www.ch-aviation.ch/aircraft.php?search=set&amp;airline=GON&amp;al_op=1 Ndị agha mmiri nke mba Niger]</text>
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      <text bytes="936" sha1="o2sxzvpf1n8fh2ap09qzccydsxe0jtt" xml:space="preserve">'''Arik Niger bụ enyemaka ndị Niger nke Arik Air nke dabere na Niamey, Niger. Ụgbọ elu ahụ kwụsịrị ọrụ na February 2010'''.

== Ebe a na-aga ==
Arik Niger jere ozi n'ebe ndị a site na Niamey tupu ọ kwụsị ọrụ:

* '''[[Benin]]'''
** Cotonou - Ọdụ Ụgbọelu Cadjehoun
* '''[[Niger]]'''
** Agadez - Mano Dayak International Airport
** Maradi - ọdụ ụgbọ elu Maradi
** Niamey - Diori Hamani International Airport Base
** Tahoua - ọdụ ụgbọ elu Tahoua
** Zinder - ọdụ ụgbọ elu Zinder
* '''[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]'''
** [[Abuja]] - [[Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport]]
** Kano - Mallam Aminu [[Kano]] International Airport

Arik Niger na-eji ụgbọelu ndị a:

* 2 - Fokker 50 (E goro ya na Denim Air)

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.arikair.com/ Arik Niger]
* Arik Niger Fleet [nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide]
{{Airlines of Niger}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5655" sha1="ebdiriehi3d0rmcmmr2cstgmuxzxphn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''SNVI''' (Société Nationale des Véhicules Industriels, National Company of Industrial Vehicles na Bekee, ma ọ bụ ''المؤسسة الوطنية Platربات الصناعية'' na Arabic), nke bụbu National Society of Mechanical Construction (SONACOME) bụ ụlọ ọrụ Algeria rụpụtara gwongworo na bọs kemgbe 1967.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Gọọmentị Algeria guzobere [[Sonacome]] na August 9, 1967, site na ''iwu'' 67-150. Ọ ketara ụlọ ọrụ na ngwá ọrụ Berliet nke oge French mgbe nke ikpeazụ kwụsịrị ọrụ na 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;SNVI-Ouargla&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161022092614/http://www.snvi-ouargla.com/entreprise.php SNVI, company's history on SNVI-Ouargla.com (official website)] (retrieved on January 21st, 2013)&lt;/ref&gt;

Na May 1995, SNVI gbanwere ọnọdụ iwu ya ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ akụ na ụba ọha na eze nke iwu nkịtị na-achịkwa, SNVI emeziri dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nkwonkwo (SPA), nke nwere isi obodo nke 2.2 ijeri Dinars.

== Ihe owuwu ==
Isi ụlọ ọrụ SNVI dị na Rouiba, kilomita 30 n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Algiers, nwere alaka na Hussein Dey, Constantine, Oran na Ouargla.&lt;ref name=&quot;SNVI-Ouargla&quot;/&gt;

== Mmepụta ==
Na 2011, ụlọ ọrụ mere 2007 ụgbọ ala. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịmaliteghachi ya na ọnụego mmepụta ya nke 1980, nke na-eru ụgbọ ala 6000 kwa afọ.

== Mbupụ ==
[[Usòrò:SNVI_Exportation.png|thumb|350x350px|Mbupụ SNVI]]
SNVI na-ebupụ ngwaahịa ya na ọtụtụ mba dịka:

* [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
* Iraq
* [[Gabon]]
* [[Guinea-Bissau]]
* [[Libya]]
* [[Mali]]
* [[Mauritania]]
* [[Niger]]
* [[Republic of the Congo|Republic nke Congo]]
* [[Senegal]]
* [[Tunisia]]

== Ihe nlereanya ==
SNVI na-emepụta gwongworo, bọs, na ọkara ụgbọala.

=== Ụgbọala ===
SNVI na-enye ọtụtụ gwongworo maka ebumnuche ndị nkịtị na ndị agha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://snvigroupe.dz/pagesweb/camions/camions_gcivile.php|title=Entreprise Nationale des Véhicules Industriels - SNVI /Algérie|author=Informatique|first=SNVI-Direction|work=snvigroupe.dz|accessdate=2017-09-07|archivedate=2017-06-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603024538/http://www.snvigroupe.dz/pagesweb/camions/camions_gcivile.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://snvigroupe.dz/pagesweb/camions/camions_gmilitaire.php|title=Entreprise Nationale des Véhicules Industriels - SNVI /Algérie|author=Informatique|first=SNVI-Direction|work=snvigroupe.dz|accessdate=2017-09-07|archivedate=2017-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607154132/http://snvigroupe.dz/pagesweb/camions/camions_gmilitaire.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;snvigroupe.dz&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://snvigroupe.dz/pagesweb/camions/gm/bus.php|title=Entreprise Nationale des Véhicules Industriels - SNVI /Algérie|author=Informatique|first=SNVI-Direction|work=snvigroupe.dz|accessdate=2017-09-07|archivedate=2020-03-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307031237/http://snvigroupe.dz/pagesweb/camions/gm/bus.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bus-planet.com/bus/bus-africa/Algeria-site/SONACOME/Numidia/frame.html|title=Buses in Algeria-SNVI Numidia Lux|work=www.bus-planet.com|accessdate=2017-09-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
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==== Ụgbọ ala ndị nkịtị ====

* Onye na&amp;#x2D;ebu ya - SNVI K66
* Onye na&amp;#x2D;ebu ya - SNVI K120
* Onye na&amp;#x2D;ebu ya - SNVI C260
* Onye na&amp;#x2D;ebu ya - SNVI B260
* Onye na&amp;#x2D;ebu ya - SNVI B400
* Tractor okporo ụzọ &amp;#x2D; SNVI TB400
* Tractor okporo ụzọ &amp;#x2D; SNVI TC260
* All Terrain &amp;#x2D; SNVI M120
* All Terrain &amp;#x2D; SNVI M230

==== Ụgbọ ala ndị agha ====

* SNVI M120
* SNVI M230
* SNVI M260
* SNVI M350
* SNVI K66
* SNVI K120
* SNVI C260
* SNVI B260
* SNVI B400

=== Bọs ===
 
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==== Bọs ndị nkịtị ====

* Obere bọs &amp;#x2D; ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị njem 25
* SNVI Safir &amp;#x2D; ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị njem 49
* SNVI Numedia Lux &amp;#x2D; ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị njem 47
* SNVI Atakor

==== Bọs ndị agha ====

* Obere bọs &amp;#x2D; ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị njem 36
* Ụgbọala na&amp;#x2D;etinye aka na ya - ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị njem 18

=== Ọkara ụgbọala na-adọkpụ ===
 
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* Ụgbọ mmiri &amp;#x2D; 30 000L
* Onye na-agwakọta simenti
* Ndị na-adọkpụ ụgbọala
* Ụgbọ ala na-adọkpụ CEP 3000L
* Ndị na-enye onyinye

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website (in French)
{{Automotive industry in Algeria}}</text>
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    <title>BRVM Composite</title>
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      <text bytes="4829" sha1="hikefhne452755lxsu88wzkob8nrzee" xml:space="preserve">'''BRVM Composite''' bụ ndepụta ngwaahịa nke a gbakọrọ site na uru nke ngwaahịa ọ bụla na Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, ma ọ bụ BRVM. A na-ahazi BRVM n'ime ngalaba asaa. 

Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières bụ mgbanwe ngwaahịa mpaghara na-ejere mba 8 dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Africa:

* [[Benin]]
* [[Burkina Faso]]
* [[Guinea-Bissau|Guinea Bissau]]
* [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]]
* [[Mali]]
* [[Niger]]
* [[Senegal]]
* [[Togo]].

Mgbanwe ahụ n'onwe ya dị na Abidjan.

== Ndepụta ngwaahịa BRVM ==

: ''ka ọ na-erule na Machị 2009''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Symbol
!Stock
!Company
|-
|'''Agriculture Sector'''
|
|
|-
|PALC
|PALM CI
|PALM - Côte d'Ivoire - ''edible oil''
|-
|PHC
|PH CI
|Plantation et Huileries de Côte d'Ivoire - ''edible oil''
|-
|SICC
|SICOR CI
|Société Ivoirienne de Coco Râpé ''coconut, coconut products''
|-
|SOGC
|SOGB CI
|Société des Caoutchoucs de Grand-Béréby - ''forestry, logging''
|-
|SPHC
|SAPH CI
|Société Africaine de Plantation d'Hévéas - ''[[Oru ugbo|agriculture]]''
|-
|'''Other Sector'''
|
|
|-
|STAC
|SETAO CI
|Société d'Etudes et de Travaux pour l'Afrique de l'Ouest - ''architecture, engineering, construction''
|- 
|'''Distribution Sector'''
|
|
|-
|ABJC
|ABIDJAN CATERING CI
|ABIDJAN CATERING - Côte d'Ivoire ''hotel and catering industry''
|-
|BNBC
|BERNABE-CI
|BERNABE-Côte d'Ivoire - ''hardware, household goods, ironmongery, metallurgy''
|-
|CFAC
|CFAO CI
|Compagnie Française de l'Afrique Occidentale en Côte d'Ivoire - ''wholesale, retail''
|-
|PRSC
|PEYRISSAC-CI
|PEYRISSAC-Côte d'Ivoire - ''ironmongery, automotive/electronic import / export''
|-
|SHEC
|SHELL CI
|SHELL-Côte d'Ivoire (Shell Oil)
|-
|SRIC
|SARI CI
|Société Africaine de Représentations Industrielles - ''motor vehicles, automotive parts''
|-
|TFEC
|TOTAL FINA ELF CI
|TOTAL FINA ELF OIL Côte d'Ivoire (Total S.A.)
|-
|'''Financial Sector'''
|
|
|-
|BICC
|BICICI
|Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie de Côte d'Ivoire
|-
|BOAB
|BOA BENIN
|Banque of Africa - Bénin (Bank of Africa)
|-
|BOABF
|BOA BURKINA FASO
|Banque of Africa - Burkina Faso (Bank of Africa)
|-
|BOAN
|BOA NIGER
|Banque of Africa - NIGER (Bank of Africa)
|-
|ETI
|ECOBANK
|Ecobank Transnational Inc. (Ecobank)
|-
|SAFC
|SAFCA CI
|Société Africaine de Crédit Automobile - ''vehicle and equipment finance''
|-
|SGBC
|SGB  CI
|Société Générale de Banques en Côte d'Ivoire
|-     
|'''Industrial Sector'''
|
|
|-
|CABC
|SICABLE
|Société Ivoirienne de Câbles - ''wire and cable''
|-
|CDAC
|CEDA
|Centre d'Edition et de Diffusion Africaines - ''media''
|-
|FTSC
|FILTISAC
|Filature, Tissage, Sacs - ''packaging material''
|-
|NEIC
|NEI
|Nouvelles Editions Ivoiriennes SA - Edition, Distribution et vente de livres et publication
|-
|NTLC
|NESTLE-CI
|NESTLE-Côte d'Ivoire (Nestle's)
|-
|SACC
|SAEC ASTRAL
|Société Abidjanaise d'Expansion Chimique - ''chemicals, paints''
|-
|SEMC
|SIEM CI
|Société Ivoirienne d'Emballage Métallique - ''metal cans''
|-
|SGCC
|SAGECO CI
|Société Abidjanaise de Gérance et d'Exploitation Commerciale ''food manufacture''
|-
|SIVC
|SIVOA CI
|Société Ivoirienne d'Oxygène et d'Acétylène - ''industrial gases''
|-
|SLBC
|SOLIBRA CI
|Société de Limonaderies et Brasseries d'Afrique - ''breweries, beverages''
|-
|SMBC
|SMB CI
|Société Multinationale de Bitumes - ''petrochemicals''
|-
|STBC
|SITAB CI
|Société Ivoirienne des Tabacs - ''tobacco products''
|-
|TTRC
|TRITURAF CI
|Société ivoirienne de trituration de graines oléagineuses et de raffinage 
d'huiles végétales - ''edible oils''
|-
|UNLC
|UNILEVER CI
|UNILEVER CI (Unilever)
|-
|UNXC
|UNIWAX CI
|UNIWAX CI - ''textiles and clothing''
|-     
|'''Public Utility Sector'''
|
|
|-
|CIEC
|CIE  CI
|Compagnie Ivoirienne d'Electricitév - ''electricity''
|-
|ONTBF
|ONATEL BF
|Office National des Télécommunication - [[Onatel]] - ''telecommunications''
|-  
|SDCC
|SODE  CI
|Société de Distribution d'Eau de Côte d'Ivoire - ''[[Mmiri|water]]''
|-
|SNTS
|SONATEL SN
|Société Nationale de Télécommunication - [[Sonatel]] - ''telecommunications''
|-    
|'''Transportation Sector'''
|
|
|-
|SAGC
|SAGA CI
|SAGA-Côte d'Ivoire - ''shipping, logistics, tourism''
|-
|SDVC
|SDV  CI
|Société Delmas Vieljeux - ''freight transport, trucking, logistics''
|-
|SVOC
|SIVOM CI
|Société Ivoirienne d'Opération Maritimes - ''shipping''
|-
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke mgbanwe ngwaahịa Africa

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070204040516/http://www.brvm.org/en/marche/titres/actions.htm (n'asụsụ French na Bekee) BRVM - Ndepụta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070220045610/http://www.mbendi.co.za/a_sndmsg/stk_list.asp?P=0&amp;C=1&amp;M=0&amp;R=0 Ndepụta ụlọ ọrụ BRVM na ihe edeturu na MBendi]</text>
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    <title>Central Bank nke West African States</title>
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      <text bytes="5759" sha1="jy70pmzq2eiok6bgf2cjpttidqkiyj0" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:CFA_Franc_map.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|BCEAO bụ ụlọ akụ etiti nke steeti ndị dị na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ]]
'''Central Bank''' of West African States (French: Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, '''BCEAO''') bụ ụlọ akụ dị n'etiti na-ejere mba asatọ dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka ozi nke na-ekerịta ego CFA franc nke West Africa ma mejupụtara West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA).

Ụlọ akụ ahụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịmepụta iwu itinye ego ma bụrụ onye otu Alliance for Financial Inclusion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afi-global.org/about-afi/members|title=AFI members|publisher=AFI Global|date=2011-10-10|accessdate=2012-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220141606/http://www.afi-global.org/about-afi/members|archivedate=2012-02-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mba ndị so na ya ==

*  Benin
*  Burkina Faso
*  Guinea Bissau
*  Ivory Coast
*  Mali
*  Niger
*  Senegal
*  Togo

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Onye bu ya ụzọ, Institut d&quot;Emission de l'Afrique Occidentale Française et du Togo (&quot;ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta ihe nke French West Africa na Togo&quot;), ka e guzobere n'afọ 1955 wee ghọọ BCEAO n'afọ 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mensah, A.|title=The Process of Monetary Decolonization in Africa|journal=Utafiti: Journal of the Faculty of Arts and Social Science, University of Dar Es Salaam|volume=4|issue=1|date=July 1979|pages=48–49|url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Utafiti/vol4no1/aejp004001007.pdf|accessdate=July 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dates clés&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dates clés|url=http://www.bceao.int/Dates-cles,3.html|language=fr|publisher=Central Bank of West African States|accessdate=July 21, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718061006/http://www.bceao.int/Dates-cles,3.html|archivedate=2012-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://africanbanknotes.com/jun07/CFAFIRST.htm|title=West African States CFA Franc Banknotes: First series of CFA banknotes issued by BCEAO 1959|accessdate=July 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Nkwekọrịta nke guzobere West African Monetary Union (UMOA), nke a bịanyere aka na Mee 12, 1962, nyere BCEAO ikike pụrụ iche ịnye ego dị ka ụlọ akụ etiti maka mba asaa so na ya:&lt;ref name=&quot;Dates clés&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Traité de l'Union Monétaire Ouest-Africaine|url=http://www.izf.net/pages/traite-de-l-umoa/2068/|publisher=IZF|accessdate=July 22, 2012|language=fr|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130222023231/http://www.izf.net/pages/traite-de-l-umoa/2068/|archivedate=February 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web|title=Cadre Institutionnel|url=http://www.bceao.int/Cadre-Institutionnel,346.html|publisher=BCEAO|accessdate=July 22, 2012|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718060950/http://www.bceao.int/Cadre-Institutionnel,346.html|archivedate=July 18, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]]
* Dahomey ([[Benin]] nke oge a)
* Haute-Volta ([[Burkina Faso]] nke oge a)
* [[Mali]]
* [[Mauritania]]
* [[Niger]]
* [[Senegal]]

Na June 30, 1962 Mali hapụrụ otu ahụ wee nabata franc Malian dị ka ego mba. Na Disemba 17, 1963 Togo sonyere na UMOA. Na May 30, 1973 Mauritania wepụrụ wee nakwere ouguiya dị ka ego mba. Na February 17, 1984, Mali sonyeghachiri na UMOA.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dates clés&quot; /&gt;

N'August 2025, BCEAO kwupụtara mwepụta nke e-CFA yana imepụta usoro ịkwụ ụgwọ ozugbo akpọrọ &quot;Pi-Spi&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{njikọ Weebụ |language=fr |title=UEMOA: BCEAO ga-ebido ịkwụ ụgwọ ozugbo na Septemba 30, 2025 ma na-akwado ya. e-CFA|url=https://medias24.com/2025/08/08/uemoa-la-bceao-lancera-le-paiement-instantane-le-30-septembre-2025-et-prepare-le-cfa/ | saịtị=medias24.com | ụbọchị = 2025-08 |nwetara=2025-08-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Ndị gọvanọ ==

* [[Robert Julienne]], 1959-1974&lt;ref name=&quot;chronology&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=CHRONOLOGIE DES EVENEMENTS MARQUANTS DE L'HISTOIRE DE LA BCEAO ET DE L'UMOA|url=https://www.bceao.int/sites/default/files/inline-files/chronologie_des_evenements_marquants_de_l_histoire_de_la_bceao_et_de_l_umoa.pdf|work=www.bceao.int|publisher=BCEAO}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Abdoulaye Fadiga]], 1974-1988&lt;ref name=&quot;chronology&quot; /&gt;
* Alassane Ouattara, 1988-1990&lt;ref name=&quot;chronology&quot; /&gt;
* Charles Konan Banny, 1990-2005&lt;ref name=&quot;chronology&quot; /&gt;
* [[Justin Damo Baro]], 2006-2008&lt;ref name=&quot;chronology&quot; /&gt;
* [[Philippe-Henri Dakoury-Tabley]], 2008-2011&lt;ref name=&quot;chronology&quot; /&gt;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]&lt;ref name=&quot;chronology&quot; /&gt;
* Tiémoko Meyliet Koné, 2011-2022&lt;ref name=&quot;chronology&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SWFInotice&quot; /&gt;
* Jean-Claude Brou, 2022-&lt;ref name=&quot;SWFInotice&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jean-Claude Kassi Brou Named Governor of Central Bank of West African States - SWFI|url=https://www.swfinstitute.org/news/92915/jean-claude-kassi-brou-named-governor-of-central-bank-of-west-african-states|work=www.swfinstitute.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
 

* Ụlọ Akụ̀ nke Mba Central Africa (BEAC)
* Ụlọ Akụ̀ nke Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka (BAO) 1901-1962
* Ụlọ akụ etiti na ego nke Africa
* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Benin
* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Burkina Faso
* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Guinea-Bissau
* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Ivory Coast
* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Mali
* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Niger
* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Senegal
* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Togo
* Usoro ịkwụ ụgwọ
* Nnukwu nkwekọrịta n'oge

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* (in French and English) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110203103828/http://www.bceao.int/ '''Official site:''' Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest]
{{Central Banks}}{{Central Bank by country}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ihe mejupụtara BRVM</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27281</id>
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      <text bytes="4865" sha1="347ma2yu3npl4qoqyfxk0ngj12l3es3" xml:space="preserve">'''Ihe Mejupụtara BRVM''' bụ ndepụta ngwaahịa nke a gbakọrọ site na uru nke ngwaahịa ọ bụla na Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, ma ọ bụ BRVM. A na-ahazi BRVM n'ime ngalaba asaa. 

Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières bụ mgbanwe ngwaahịa mpaghara na-ejere mba 8 dị n'Ebe [[Ọdịda Anyanwụ Africa]]: 

* [[Benin]]
* [[Burkina Faso]]
* [[Guinea-Bissau|Guinea Bissau]]
* [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]]
* [[Mali]]
* [[Niger]]
* [[Senegal]]
* [[Togo]].

Ngbanwe ahụ n'onwe ya dị na [[Abidjan]]. 

== Ndepụta ngwaahịa BRVM ==

: ''ka ọ na-erule na onwa Machị 2009''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Symbol
!Stock
!Company
|-
|'''Agriculture Sector'''
|
|
|-
|PALC
|PALM CI
|PALM - Côte d'Ivoire - ''edible oil''
|-
|PHC
|PH CI
|Plantation et Huileries de Côte d'Ivoire - ''edible oil''
|-
|SICC
|SICOR CI
|Société Ivoirienne de Coco Râpé ''coconut, coconut products''
|-
|SOGC
|SOGB CI
|Société des Caoutchoucs de Grand-Béréby - ''forestry, logging''
|-
|SPHC
|SAPH CI
|Société Africaine de Plantation d'Hévéas - ''[[Oru ugbo|agriculture]]''
|-
|'''Other Sector'''
|
|
|-
|STAC
|SETAO CI
|Société d'Etudes et de Travaux pour l'Afrique de l'Ouest - ''architecture, engineering, construction''
|- 
|'''Distribution Sector'''
|
|
|-
|ABJC
|ABIDJAN CATERING CI
|ABIDJAN CATERING - Côte d'Ivoire ''hotel and catering industry''
|-
|BNBC
|BERNABE-CI
|BERNABE-Côte d'Ivoire - ''hardware, household goods, ironmongery, metallurgy''
|-
|CFAC
|CFAO CI
|Compagnie Française de l'Afrique Occidentale en Côte d'Ivoire - ''wholesale, retail''
|-
|PRSC
|PEYRISSAC-CI
|PEYRISSAC-Côte d'Ivoire - ''ironmongery, automotive/electronic import / export''
|-
|SHEC
|SHELL CI
|SHELL-Côte d'Ivoire (Shell Oil)
|-
|SRIC
|SARI CI
|Société Africaine de Représentations Industrielles - ''motor vehicles, automotive parts''
|-
|TFEC
|TOTAL FINA ELF CI
|TOTAL FINA ELF OIL Côte d'Ivoire (Total S.A.)
|-
|'''Financial Sector'''
|
|
|-
|BICC
|BICICI
|Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie de Côte d'Ivoire
|-
|BOAB
|BOA BENIN
|Banque of Africa - Bénin (Bank of Africa)
|-
|BOABF
|BOA BURKINA FASO
|Banque of Africa - Burkina Faso (Bank of Africa)
|-
|BOAN
|BOA NIGER
|Banque of Africa - NIGER (Bank of Africa)
|-
|ETI
|ECOBANK
|Ecobank Transnational Inc. (Ecobank)
|-
|SAFC
|SAFCA CI
|Société Africaine de Crédit Automobile - ''vehicle and equipment finance''
|-
|SGBC
|SGB  CI
|Société Générale de Banques en Côte d'Ivoire
|-     
|'''Industrial Sector'''
|
|
|-
|CABC
|SICABLE
|Société Ivoirienne de Câbles - ''wire and cable''
|-
|CDAC
|CEDA
|Centre d'Edition et de Diffusion Africaines - ''media''
|-
|FTSC
|FILTISAC
|Filature, Tissage, Sacs - ''packaging material''
|-
|NEIC
|NEI
|Nouvelles Editions Ivoiriennes SA - Edition, Distribution et vente de livres et publication
|-
|NTLC
|NESTLE-CI
|NESTLE-Côte d'Ivoire (Nestle's)
|-
|SACC
|SAEC ASTRAL
|Société Abidjanaise d'Expansion Chimique - ''chemicals, paints''
|-
|SEMC
|SIEM CI
|Société Ivoirienne d'Emballage Métallique - ''metal cans''
|-
|SGCC
|SAGECO CI
|Société Abidjanaise de Gérance et d'Exploitation Commerciale ''[[food]] manufacture''
|-
|SIVC
|SIVOA CI
|Société Ivoirienne d'Oxygène et d'Acétylène - ''industrial gases''
|-
|SLBC
|SOLIBRA CI
|Société de Limonaderies et Brasseries d'Afrique - ''breweries, beverages''
|-
|SMBC
|SMB CI
|Société Multinationale de Bitumes - ''petrochemicals''
|-
|STBC
|SITAB CI
|Société Ivoirienne des Tabacs - ''tobacco products''
|-
|TTRC
|TRITURAF CI
|Société ivoirienne de trituration de graines oléagineuses et de raffinage 
d'huiles végétales - ''edible oils''
|-
|UNLC
|UNILEVER CI
|UNILEVER CI (Unilever)
|-
|UNXC
|UNIWAX CI
|UNIWAX CI - ''textiles and clothing''
|-     
|'''Public Utility Sector'''
|
|
|-
|CIEC
|CIE  CI
|Compagnie Ivoirienne d'Electricitév - ''electricity''
|-
|ONTBF
|ONATEL BF
|Office National des Télécommunication - [[Onatel]] - ''telecommunications''
|-  
|SDCC
|SODE  CI
|Société de Distribution d'Eau de Côte d'Ivoire - ''[[Mmiri|water]]''
|-
|SNTS
|SONATEL SN
|Société Nationale de Télécommunication - [[Sonatel]] - ''telecommunications''
|-    
|'''Transportation Sector'''
|
|
|-
|SAGC
|SAGA CI
|SAGA-Côte d'Ivoire - ''shipping, logistics, tourism''
|-
|SDVC
|SDV  CI
|Société Delmas Vieljeux - ''freight transport, trucking, logistics''
|-
|SVOC
|SIVOM CI
|Société Ivoirienne d'Opération Maritimes - ''shipping''
|-
|}

== Hụ ihe Nile ==

* Ndepụta nke mgbanwe ngwaahịa ndi Africa

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070204040516/http://www.brvm.org/en/marche/titres/actions.htm (n'asụsụ French na Bekee) BRVM - Ndepụta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070220045610/http://www.mbendi.co.za/a_sndmsg/stk_list.asp?P=0&amp;C=1&amp;M=0&amp;R=0 Ndepụta ụlọ ọrụ BRVM na ihe edeturu na MBendi]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dawn Bowden</title>
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&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC - Merthyr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/wales-constituencies/W09000044|work=Wales Election 2016|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=11 May 2016|date=6 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;Dawn Alison Louise Bowden (amụrụ 14 February 1960) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Labour Party na Britain na-arụ ọrụ dị ka Chief Whip nke Gọọmenti Welsh na osote onye minista maka nka na egwuregwu kemgbe 2021. Bowden abụrụla onye otu Senedd (MS) maka Merthyr.  Tydfil na Rhymney kemgbe 2016.[1]

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Bowden malitere ọrụ ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na National Health Service n'etiti afọ 1979 na 1982, nakwa na Bristol City Council site n'afọ 1982 ruo 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio - LinkedIn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dawn Bowden|url=https://uk.linkedin.com/in/dawn-bowden-2a46327a|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20160512123619/https://uk.linkedin.com/in/dawn-bowden-2a46327a|archivedate=12 May 2016|work=LinkedIn|accessdate=11 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Bowden nwere ụmụ abụọ. Sam na Jack.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio - Assembly&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dawn Bowden AM|url=http://www.assembly.wales/en/memhome/Pages/MemberProfile.aspx?mid=4988|work=assembly.wales|publisher=National Assembly for Wales|accessdate=30 August 2016|archivedate=15 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915074004/http://www.assembly.wales/en/memhome/Pages/MemberProfile.aspx?mid=4988}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2011, ọ lụrụ Martin; ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ iwu maka Welsh Labour.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio - Assembly&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ROI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Register of interests: Dawn Bowden AM|url=http://senedd.assembly.wales/mgDeclarationSubmission.aspx?UID=4988&amp;HID=1215&amp;FID=0&amp;HPID=1007714531|work=senedd.assembly.wales|publisher=National Assembly for Wale|accessdate=30 August 2016|date=10 June 2016|archive-date=15 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915072601/http://senedd.assembly.wales/mgDeclarationSubmission.aspx?UID=4988&amp;HID=1215&amp;FID=0&amp;HPID=1007714531|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist|30em}}{{Drakeford Cabinet}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bowden, Dawn}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:1960 births]]</text>
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    <title>Mmeri Sambo nke Afrịka</title>
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African Sambo Championship bụ asọmpi kachasị na Sambo na Combat Sambo, nke African Sambo Confederation haziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sambo History|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/timelines/10|accessdate=4 September 2019|work=Insidethegames.biz|archivedate=29 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729131121/https://www.insidethegames.biz/timelines/10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members|url=http://sambo.com/members.html|accessdate=8 November 2017|work=Sambo.com|archivedate=18 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618203833/http://www.sambo.com/members.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Edition
!Year
!Host City
!Host Country
!Dates
|-
|9&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Sambo Championship (M&amp;W) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-po-sambo-m-zh/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-09-30|title=CMR wins 5th edition of the African Sambo championship|url=https://www.camerounweb.com/CameroonHomePage/SportsArchive/CMR-wins-5th-edition-of-the-African-Sambo-championship-312091|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=CamerounWeb|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cameroon Winning the African Championship {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/news/kak-kamerun-na-chempionate-afriki-pobezhdal/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Yaoundé
|[[Kameroon|Cameroon]]
|25 – 29 September 2014
|-
|10&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Championship (M&amp;W, Combat Sambo) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-m-zh-boevoe-sambo/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Results — African Championship (M&amp;W, Combat Sambo) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-m-zh-boevoe-sambo/results/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Sambo Championship-2015 in Casablanca: emotions and impressions of the second day’s winners of the continental tournament {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/news/chempionat-afriki-po-sambo-2015-v-kasablanke-emotsii-i-vpechatleniya-pobediteley-vtorogo-dnya-kontin/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Casablanca
|[[Morocco]]
|21 – 25 May 2015
|-
|11&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African SAMBO Championships (M&amp;W, Combat SAMBO) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-muzhchiny-zhenshchiny-boevoe-sambo/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Results — African SAMBO Championships (M&amp;W, Combat SAMBO) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-muzhchiny-zhenshchiny-boevoe-sambo/results/?tab=10030754|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Sambo Championships 2016 in Niger: Results of the Second Day {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/news/chempionat-afriki-po-sambo-2016-v-nigere-rezultaty-vtorogo-dnya/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Sambo Championships 2016 in Niger: Results of the First Day {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/news/chempionat-afriki-po-sambo-2016-v-nigere-rezultaty-pervogo-dnya/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Niamey
|[[Niger]]
|27 – 29 May 2016
|-
|12&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Championships (M&amp;W, Combat SAMBO) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-muzhchiny-zhenshchiny-boevoe-sambo-1/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Results — African Championships (M&amp;W, Combat SAMBO) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-muzhchiny-zhenshchiny-boevoe-sambo-1/results/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2017&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Winners of the African SAMBO Championships 2017 {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/news/pobediteli-i-prizery-chempionata-afriki-po-sambo-2017/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Sambo Championship -Archive -Seychelles Nation|url=https://www.nation.sc/archive/254056/african-sambo-championship|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=www.nation.sc}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;
|Victoria
|[[Seychelles]]
|11 – 15 May 2017
|-
|13&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Sambo Championships (M&amp;W, Combat SAMBO, Beach SAMBO) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-po-sambo-muzhchiny-zhenshchiny-boevoe-sambo-2018/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Results — African Sambo Championships (M&amp;W, Combat SAMBO, Beach SAMBO) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-po-sambo-muzhchiny-zhenshchiny-boevoe-sambo-2018/results/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Hammamet
|[[Tunisia]]
|23 – 25 June 2018
|-
|14&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Results — African Sambo Championships (M&amp;W, Combat SAMBO) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-po-sambo-2019/results/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Results — African Beach SAMBO Championships (M&amp;W) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-po-plyazhnomu-sambo-muzhchiny-zhenshchiny_2019/results/?tab=10030754|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Championships de Sambo 2019 – Results Men|url=https://www.the-sports.org/sambo-african-championships-results-2019-men-epm93626.html|accessdate=2022-07-16|work=www.the-sports.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Winners of the 1st Day of the African SAMBO Championships {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/news/pobediteli-i-prizyery-1-dnya-chempionata-afriki-po-sambo/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Winners of the 2nd Day of the African SAMBO Championships {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/news/pobediteli-i-prizyery-2-dnya-chempionata-afriki-po-sambo/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Casablanca
|[[Morocco]]
|15 – 17 June 2019
|-
|15&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Beach Sambo Championships (M&amp;W) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-po-plyazhnomu-sambo-2021/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Results — African Beach Sambo Championships (M&amp;W) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-po-plyazhnomu-sambo-2021/results/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-31|title=Winners of the 1st Day of the African SAMBO Championships 2021|url=https://boec.com/winners-of-the-1st-day-of-the-african-sambo-championships-2021/|accessdate=2022-07-16|work=BOEC.COM|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Winners of the 1st Day of the African SAMBO Championships 2021 in Cairo {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/news/pobediteli-1-go-dnya-chempionata-afriki-po-sambo-v-kaire/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Winners of the 2nd Day of the African SAMBO Championships 2021 in Cairo {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/news/pobediteli-2-go-dnya-chempionata-afriki-po-sambo-v-kaire/|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Cairo
|[[Egypt]]
|28 – 31 July 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=15ème championnat d’Afrique de Sambo : le pays des hommes intègres représentés par deux Etalons.|url=https://www.sports.gov.bf/detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&amp;tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&amp;tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=190&amp;cHash=1f7f2eb2ca602b59830c0a6bd2882eae|accessdate=2022-07-17|work=Ministère des Sports, de la Jeunesse et de l'Emploi|language=fr|archivedate=2022-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717000541/https://www.sports.gov.bf/detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&amp;tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&amp;tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=190&amp;cHash=1f7f2eb2ca602b59830c0a6bd2882eae}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|16
|2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Sambo Championships (M&amp;W, Combat SAMBO) {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/events/chempionat-afriki-po-sambo-2022/|accessdate=2022-07-16|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Results of the 1st day of the African SAMBO Championships in Cameroon {{!}} International SAMBO Federation (FIAS)|url=https://sambo.sport/en/news/rezultaty-1-dnya-chempionata-afriki-po-sambo-v-kamerune/|accessdate=2022-07-16|work=sambo.sport|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Yaoundé
|[[Kameroon|Cameroon]]
|16 – 17 July 2022
|}

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}{{Sambo}}</text>
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    <title>Chukwuemeka Fred Agbata</title>
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
{{Databox}}

'''Chukwuemeka Fred Agbata Jnr'''. (amụrụ n'ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Julaị afọ 1979) nke a makwaara dị ka '''CFA''' bụ onye nta akụkọ Naijiria, onye ọchụnta ego teknụzụ, onye nkuzi azụmaahịa, ọkà okwu ọhanaeze na onye na-eme ihe ngosi telivishọn na ụlọ ọrụ [[:en:Channels_TV|Channels TV]] ebe ọ na-akwado ihe ngosi ihe ndị pụtara ọhụrụ na teknụzụ. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ede akụkọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi The Punch nke a na-akpọ ''ụlọ ọgwụ ICT (ICT Clinic)''. Ọ bụ onye so guzobe godo.ng, onye nduzi nke Innovation Support Network Hubs na onye nduzi Founder Institute Lagos, na onye guzobere CFAtech.ng.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ramoni|first=Rasikat|title=Tech firm to give N10m to young entrepreneurs|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/tech-firm-to-give-n10m-to-young-entrepreneurs.html|accessdate=14 June 2019|work=Daily Trust|date=15 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/programmes/tech-trends/|title=Tech Trends – Channels Television|accessdate=2023-06-30|archivedate=2023-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107041338/https://www.channelstv.com/programmes/tech-trends/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Swedish Institute Nominates CFA, Others|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/06/13/swedish-institute-nominates-cfa-others/?amp|accessdate=18 June 2019|date=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nira.org.ng/nira-media/news-update/323-global-media-forum-in-bonn-germany|title=GLOBAL MEDIA FORUM in Bonn, Germany - Nigeria internet Registration Association (NiRA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abubakar|first=Idris|title=Two Nigerians Make Panelists at the Global Media Forum in Germany|url=https://technext.ng/2018/06/06/two-nigerians-make-panelists-global-media-forum-germany/|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=6 June 2018|archive-date=20 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620083252/https://technext.ng/2018/06/06/two-nigerians-make-panelists-global-media-forum-germany/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
Maazị Agbata bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mahadum Ekiti Steeti dị na [[Ado Ekiti]], Naịjirịa.

== Ọrụ ==
Agbata malitere ọrụ ya dị ka ọkachamara n'ire ahịa n'ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Globacom na [[:en:Lagos|Lagos]], Nigeria site n'afọ 2003 ruo afọ 2007.

N'afọ 2015, Channels TV malitere igosi ihe ngosi ya Tech Trends (ihe ndị putara ọhụrụ na teknụzụ nke a na-egosi kwa Fraịdee niile ma o jiri ọkara gafee elekere isii nke abalị (GMT +1). Ihe ngosi ahụ na-elekwasị anya na ijide na ịkekọrịta usoro teknụzụ kachasị ọhụrụ, ngwaọrụ mmepụta ihe, ekwentị na ngwa PC, ya na ozi kwesịrị ekwesị nke ga-enyere ndị na-ekiri ekiri aka ịghọ ndị maara teknụzụ iji nwee ike iji teknụzụ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Online Editor|title=Tech Trends Goes Prime Time on Channels Television|url=https://m.guardian.ng/technology/tech-trends-goes-prime-time-on-channels-television/|accessdate=20 June 2019|work=The Guardian|date=2 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2015, ọ malitere ihe ngosi redio na Family Love Radio Network nke a na-akpọ Tech on Wheels ma na-egosi ya kwa Wenezde ma o jiri nkeji iri na ise gafee elekere ise (5.15pm) ruo mgbe o jiri ọkara gafee elekere ise (5.30pm) nke mgbede; na 97.7 Love FM Port Harcourt ọ na-eme ya mo jiri ọkara gafee elekere isii nke mgbede (6.30pm) ruo ihe fọdụrụ nkeji iri na ise ka ọ kụọ elekere asaa nke mgbede (6.45pm) na 104.5 Love FM Abuja, Ọ na-eme ya  site na Mgbe o ji ọkara gafee elekere asaa nke mgbede (7:30pm) ruo mgbe ọ fọdụrụ nkeji iri na ise ka elekere asatọ nke abalị kụọ (7:45 pm).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Comms Week|title=Tech on Wheels with CFA Debuts on Family Love FM Radio Network|url=https://nigeriacommunicationsweek.com.ng/tech-on-wheels-with-cfa-debuts-on-family-love-fm-radio-network/|accessdate=20 June 2019|work=Nigeria Communications Week|date=21 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2018, o guzobere GoDoHub, ebe a na-amalite ọrụ nwere ụlọ ọrụ iji nyere ndị ọchụnta ego aka iji teknụzụ na ihe ọhụrụ malite ma na-arụ ọrụ ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nira.org.ng/nira-media/news-update/374-godo-hub-launches-in-lagos-to-help-start-ups-develop|title=GoDo Hub launches in Lagos, to help Start-ups develop - Nigeria internet Registration Association (NiRA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ogunfuwa|first=Ife|title=GoDo.ng pledges support for start-ups|url=https://www.punchng.com/godo-ng-pledges-support-for-start-ups/amp/|accessdate=14 June 2019|date=2 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adepoju|first=Paul|title=New co-working space launched in Lagos|url=https://www.techcityng.com/new-co-working-space-launched-in-lagos/|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=8 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; e kpughere GoDoHub na [[Ikeja]], isi obodo [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]], n'ụbọchị mbụ nke ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2018 site n'aka John Obaro nke SystemSpecs Nigeria Limited.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okonji|first=Emma|title=GoDo.ng Facility for Startup Development Debuts|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/10/11/godo-ng-facility-for-startup-development-debuts/?amp|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=11 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ozakpo|first=Anderson|title=Check out the GoDo.ng Facility for Start-up Development Unveiled by John Obaro|url=https://technext.ng/2018/10/04/meet-godo-ng-facility-for-start-up-development-the-unveiling-by-john-obaro/|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=4 October 2018|archive-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427133522/https://technext.ng/2018/10/04/meet-godo-ng-facility-for-start-up-development-the-unveiling-by-john-obaro/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2019, CFA ghọrọ onye nduzi nke [[:en:The_Founder_Institute|The Founder Institute]] Lagos,  ụlọ akwụkwọ ọzụzụ nke na-enyere ndị na-ekiri ebido aka itolite site na ọzụzụ gbasara ọchụnta ego inyere ha aka igbochi enweghị nhazi, ntụziaka na mmekọrịta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Akinpelu|first=Oluwadamilare|title=Pre-Seed Startup Accelerator, Founder Institute Launches Lagos Chapter|url=https://technext.ng/2019/03/19/pre-seed-startup-accelerator-founder-institute-launches-lagos-chapter/|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=19 March 2019|archive-date=20 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620060311/https://technext.ng/2019/03/19/pre-seed-startup-accelerator-founder-institute-launches-lagos-chapter/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.politicaleconomistng.com/silicon-valley-based-founder-institute-launches-newest-chapter-lagos-3-centres-20-ceos-mentors-startup-launch-program-aims-launch-20-global-technology-companies-yearly-la/|title=Silicon Valley-based Founder Institute Launches Newest Chapter in Lagos, 3 Centres, 20+ CEOs as Mentors …Startup Launch Program Aims to Launch over 20 Global Technology Companies Yearly in Lagos|date=19 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Eleanya|first=Frank|title=Founder Institute targets pre-fund start-ups as it launches in Nigeria|url=https://businessday.ng/technology/article/founder-institute-targets-pre-fund-startups-as-it-launches-in-nigeria/|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=28 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ajeamo|first=Chiamaka|title=Founder Institute berths in Lagos|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/founder-institute-berths-in-lagos/|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=27 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2019, ụlọ ọrụ iri asaa na ise na gburugburu Naịjirịa gbakọtara ọnụ iji guzobe njikọ aka na-ahụ maka ibuli ihe ọhụrụ na ichu nta ego.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Anonymous|title=75 hubs form alliance to boost innovation, entrepreneurship|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/75-hubs-form-alliance-to-boost-innovation-entrepreneurship/amp/|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=31 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Netwọk a, nke a na-akpọ Innovation Support Network (ISN) nwere CFA dị ka otu n'ime ndị nduzi ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Coleman|first=Ekene|title=75 Hubs Form Alliance To Boost Innovation, Entrepreneurship|url=https://www.independent.ng/75-hubs-form-alliance-to-boost-innovation-entrepreneurship/|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=31 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Akinyode-Lawal|first=Jumoke|title=Innovation Support Network Hubs berths to support entrepreneurship|url=https://businessday.ng/enterpreneur/article/innovation-support-network-hubs-berths-to-support-entrepreneurship/|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=15 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye otu ndị isi nke ise nke ndị nduzi na [[:en:Nigeria_Internet_Registration_Association|Nigeria Internet Registration Association]] 

(NiRA), site n'afọ 2017 ruo ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ọ ghọkwara onye otu ndị nduzi nke isii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Igata|first=Theresa|title=NIRA ELECTS NEW LEADERS, NWEKE, AGBATA ARE DIRECTORS|url=http://www.politicaleconomistng.com/nira-elects-new-leaders-nweke-agbata-directors/|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=2 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nira.org.ng/nira-media/news-update/165-nira-2017-agm-highlights|title=NiRA 2017 AGM Highlights - Nigeria internet Registration Association (NiRA)|accessdate=2023-06-30|archivedate=2019-06-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620073254/https://nira.org.ng/nira-media/news-update/165-nira-2017-agm-highlights}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nira.org.ng/who-are-we/nira-bod/8%20nira-bod/|title=NiRA 5TH EXECUTIVE BOARD - Nigeria internet Registration Association (NiRA)|accessdate=2023-06-30|archivedate=2019-06-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620072922/https://www.nira.org.ng/who-are-we/nira-bod/8%2520nira-bod/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=MobileWorld|title=Muhammed Rudman Emerges New President of NiRA|url=http://mobileworldmag.com/2019/05/03/muhammed-rudman-emerges-new-president-of-nira/|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=3 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=IT Realms|title=Rudman, Obaniyi emerge President, VP @NIRA – ITREALMS|url=https://www.itrealms.com.ng/2019/04/?m=1|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=30 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye na-akpọkọta nguzobe mkpakorita CFA, ụzọ dị mma maka nguzobe achumtaego [[:en:Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises|SME]] n'aha ịchafụ ndị na-amalite amalite izute ma mụta ihe n'aka ndị ọchụnta ego ihe na-agara nke ọma, site na mkpakọrita ga-enyere ha aka ịzụlite mmalite ha dị iche iche ya na netwọkụ ibe ha. Ikpo okwu a nabatara ndị ọchụnta ego dị ka John Obaro, [[Ommo Clark]], Obi Asika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Akinyode-Lawal|first=Jumoke|title='Tech start-ups shouldn't be restricted to Nigeria' – Obaro|url=https://businessday.ng/technology/article/tech-start-ups-shouldnt-restricted-nigeria-obaro/|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=28 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Essiet|first=Daniel|title=I started business in the varsity|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/started-business-varsity/|accessdate=19 June 2019|work=The Nation|date=19 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oluka|first=Peter|title=Ojoma, Obi at CFA Startups Hangout Identify Success Paths in Creative Industry|url=https://techeconomy.ng/2018/09/07/ojoma-obi-at-cfa-startups-hangout-identify-success-paths-in-creative-industry-9913/|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=7 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akwado ya na Lagos, Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Essiet|first=Daniel|title=Turning adversity into prosperity|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/turning-adversity-prosperity/|accessdate=19 June 2019|work=The Nation|date=23 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Afolayan|first=David|title=Two Portharcourt-Based Startups Win at CFA's Startups Hangout Pitch Session|url=https://technext.ng/2017/11/28/two-portharcourt-based-startups-win-cfas-startups-hangout-pitch-session/|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=28 November 2017|archive-date=5 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205210017/https://technext.ng/2017/11/28/two-portharcourt-based-startups-win-cfas-startups-hangout-pitch-session/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
N'ọnwa June afọ 2019, [[:en:Swedish_Institute|Swedish Institute]] k

kpọrọ CFAdị ka ọkachamara mba ụwa dị ka akụkụ nke Innovation Ecosystem Programme ha iji zute ndị guzobere na ndị ọchụnta ego maka mmalite nd a ma ama na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-elekwasị anya na ịmepụta ihe ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://si.se/en/international-experts-meet-the-swedish-innovation-ecosystem/|title=International experts meet the Swedish innovation ecosystem|date=11 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Swedish Institute Nominates CFA, Others|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/06/13/swedish-institute-nominates-cfa-others/?amp|accessdate=18 June 2019|date=18 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Onwuaso|first=Ugo|title=Swedish Institute Nominates CFA, Osibona &amp; Others as Part of the 2019 Innovation Ecosystem Programme|url=https://nigeriacommunicationsweek.com.ng/swedish-institute-nominates-cfa-osibona-others-as-part-of-the-2019-innovation-ecosystem-programme/|accessdate=18 June 2019|work=Nigeria Communications Week|date=11 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2018, Consul General nke Federal Republic of Germany, Ingo Herbert kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke ndị ọka ikpe maka Falling Walls Lab Lagos nke mbụ nke bụ ncheta nke ọdịda nke [[:en:Berlin_Wall|Berlin Wall]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adepoju|first=Paul|title=Chukwuemeka Fred Agbata (CFA) joins Falling Walls Lab Lagos' jury|url=https://www.techcityng.com/cfa-joins-falling-walls-lab-lagos-jury/|accessdate=18 June 2019|date=23 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oluka|first=Peter|title=German Consulate Invites CFA As Jury For Falling Walls Lab Lagos|url=https://techeconomy.ng/2018/03/23/german-consulate-invites-cfa-as-jury-for-falling-walls-lab-lagos/|accessdate=18 June 2019|date=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2018, ọ bụụrụ onye mgbasa ozi na Deutsche Welle Global Media Forum (GMF) na Bonn, (Germany), ebe ọ tụlere ọrụ nke ndị nta akụkọ na-amalite amalite na usoro mgbasa ozi na-enweghị nnwere onwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abubakar|first=Idris|title=Two Nigerians Make Panelists at the Global Media Forum in Germany|url=https://technext.ng/2018/06/06/two-nigerians-make-panelists-global-media-forum-germany/|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=6 June 2018|archive-date=20 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620083252/https://technext.ng/2018/06/06/two-nigerians-make-panelists-global-media-forum-germany/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Announcements|title=FNF at Deutsche Welle Global Media Forum 2018 Watch a series of interviews on journalistic start-ups in illiberal media ecosystems|url=https://esee.fnst.org/content/fnf-deutsche-welle-global-media-forum-2018|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=14 January 2019|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183050/https://esee.fnst.org/content/fnf-deutsche-welle-global-media-forum-2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nira.org.ng/nira-media/news-update/323-global-media-forum-in-bonn-germany|title=GLOBAL MEDIA FORUM in Bonn, Germany - Nigeria internet Registration Association (NiRA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụkwa onye ppanellistalongere onye bụbu Minista Mgbasa ozi nke Naijiria Frank Nweke Jnr, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ime njem ụgbọelu [[Osita Chidoka]], na Genesys Ignite Tech Conference nke Genesys Tech Hub haziri kwa afọ na [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], ebe ọ na-eduzi nnọkọ panel na mmepe na ihe ọhụrụ nke isi obodo mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Anonymous|title=Genesys Ignite to revolutionise ICT start-ups ecosystem|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/genesys-ignite-to-revolutionise-ict-start-ups-ecosystem/|accessdate=19 June 2019|work=The Sun|date=28 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Reporter|title=Genesys Tech Hub gives $30,000 to start-ups|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/genesys-tech-hub-gives-30000-start-ups/|accessdate=19 June 2019|work=The Nation|date=26 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okonji|first=Emma|title=Firm to Boost Software Revolution, Grows Talents|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/11/29/firm-to-boost-software-revolution-grows-talents/?amp|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=29 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Onwuaso|first=Ugo|title=Genesys ignite pledges technological revolution in Nigeria|url=https://m.guardian.ng/technology/genesys-ignite-pledges-technological-revolution-in-nigeria/|accessdate=19 June 2019|work=The Guardian|date=7 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Slush Global Impact Accelerator, mmemme e mepụtara na njikọ aka nke [[:en:Ministry_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Finland)|Ministry n'ahụ maka ihe n'ebe na mbà ndị ọzọ nke Finland]] na ọtụtụ ndị mmekọ ndị ọzọ gburugburu ụwa na ebumnuche nke ịkwado mmalite mmetụta na igosi ohere azụmaahịa na-akpali akpali na ahịa na-apụta, họọrọ CFA dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọkàikpe na Naịjirịa maka ihe ịma aka 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Akinpelu|first=Oluwadamilare|title=Drone Startup, Arone and 2 Others to Represent Nigeria at the Slush Global Impact Accelerator 2018|url=https://technext.ng/2018/09/04/drone-startup-arone-2-others-represent-nigeria-slush-global-impact-accelerator-2018/|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=4 September 2018|archive-date=20 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620083242/https://technext.ng/2018/09/04/drone-startup-arone-2-others-represent-nigeria-slush-global-impact-accelerator-2018/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Suleiman|first=Musa|title=Arone, Gerocare, and Afagreen Selected to Represent Nigeria at the Slush Global Impact Accelerator|url=https://www.techawk.com.ng/2018/09/04/arone-gerocare-and-afagreen-selected-to-represent-nigerian-at-the-slush-global-impact-accelerator/|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=4 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, ọ bụụrụ nye na-eme mkparịta ụka na Genesys Ignite Tech Conference kwa afọ nke Genesys Tech Hub haziri na [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], tinyere [[Ommo Clark]] nke iBez Nigeria nakwa Obi Asika, mgbe [[Ken Nnamani|Sen.]] [[Ken Nnamani]] (onye bụbu onyeisi ụlọ ọgbakọ omebe iwu Naịjiria ) kwuru nke a bụ isi okwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Youdeowei|first=Tare|title=Over 1000 start-ups jostle for GenesysIGNITE's $30,000|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/12/1000-start-ups-jostle-genesysignites-30000/|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=18 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ekwealor|first=Victor|title=Everything that happened at the Genesys IGNITE South-East Startup Convergence 2017|url=https://techpoint.africa/2017/12/18/genesys-ignite-2017/|accessdate=19 June 2019|date=18 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2014, CFA bụ onye nnọchiteanya na Nzukọ Ahịa Digital nke Naijiria nke emere na Lagos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Asuquo|first=Emmanuel|title=Nigerian Businesses urged to embrace Digital Marketing|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/10/nigerian-businesses-urged-to-embrace-digital-marketing/|accessdate=20 June 2019|date=10 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nturu Ugo ==
The Nigeria Internet Registration Association (NIRA) nyere CFA nturu ugo NiRA Presidential Award for Youth Development n'afo 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nkem-Gbemudu|first=Ifeoma|date=4 April 2016|title=Mary Uduma, others awarded at 2016 NiRA awards ceremony|url=https://www.techcityng.com/mary-uduma-others-awarded-at-2016-nira-awards-ceremony/|accessdate=20 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=4 April 2016|title=Nigeria Targets South Africa's One Million Internet Domain Names|url=https://technologytimes.ng/ex-nira-president-nigeria-will-soon-surpass-south-africa-co-za-one-million-mark/|access-date=30 June 2023|archive-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630054340/https://technologytimes.ng/ex-nira-president-nigeria-will-soon-surpass-south-africa-co-za-one-million-mark/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2015, ọ natara onyinye nke ịdị mma site n'aka ndị isi nke Naịjirịa na IT &amp; Software Industry.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Comms Week|date=26 March 2015|title=Nigerian Top Executives Honour CFA|work=Nigerian Communications Week|url=https://nigeriacommunicationsweek.com.ng/nigerian-top-executives-honour-cfa/|accessdate=20 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Anonymous|date=27 March 2015|title=IT &amp; Software Industry 2015: CFA bags another award of excellence|url=https://www.itrealms.com.ng/2015/03/it-software-industry-2015-cfa-bags.html|accessdate=20 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2015, ''[[YNaija]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Olapoju|first=Kolapo|date=16 March 2015|title=The class of 2015: Nigeria's 100 most innovative persons in Technology|url=https://ynaija.com/class-2015-nigerias-100-innovative-persons-technology/|accessdate=20 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Anonymous|date=4 March 2015|title=YNaija honours CFA, 99 others for being innovative in technology space|url=https://www.itrealms.com.ng/2015/03/ynaija-honours-cfa-99-others-for-being.html|accessdate=20 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; kpọrọ ya otu n'ime mmadụ otu narị kacha nwee ọgụgụ isi na teknụzụ na Naịjirịa.

== Ebensidee ==
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  <page>
    <title>Coprolalia</title>
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[[Usòrò:Jean Itard.jpg|thumb|Jean Itard.jpg]]
'''Coprolalia''' (/ˌkɒprəˈleɪliə/ KOP-rə-LAY-lee-ə) bụ iyi na-enweghị isi ma ọ bụ okwu rụrụ arụ na-enweghị uche ma ọ bụ nkwupụta na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na nke mkparị. Okwu a sitere na Grik κόπρος (kópros), nke pụtara &quot;nsị, nsị&quot;, na λαλιά (laliā́) &quot;okwu&quot;, site na λαλεῖν (laleîn) &quot;ikwu okwu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/coprolalia Coprolalia.] Dictionary.com, Accessed 30 October 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

Coprolalia bụ ihe e ji mara mgbe ụfọdụ nke nsogbu tic, ọkachasị ọrịa Tourette, ọ bụ ezie na achaghị ya maka nchọpụta nke Tourette na naanị ihe dị ka 10% nke ndị ọrịa Tourette na-egosipụta coprolalia.&lt;ref name=&quot;SingerBehavior&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Singer HS|title=Tourette's syndrome: from behaviour to biology|journal=Lancet Neurol|volume=4|issue=3|pages=149–59|date=March 2005|pmid=15721825|doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(05)01012-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụghị naanị na nsogbu tic; ọ bụkwa ihe mgbaàmà a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke nsogbu akwara ndị ọzọ.

Coprolalia bụ otu ụdị coprophenomenon. Ndị ọzọ coprophenomena gụnyere ihe mgbaàmà ndị yiri ya nke copropraxia, omume ndị na-enweghị isi dị ka ime ihe rụrụ arụ ma ọ bụ ihe a machibidoro iwu, na coprographia, na-ede ihe ma ọ bụ eserese rụrụ arụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;dude&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Schapiro NA|title='Dude, you don't have Tourette's:' Tourette's syndrome, beyond the tics|journal=Pediatr Nurs|volume=28|issue=3|pages=243–6, 249–53|year=2002|pmid=12087644|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/442029|archive-date=2008-12-05|access-date=2023-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205082825/http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/442029|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.uwm.edu/Course/ling210/lectures/semantics-2.pdf|title=Linguistics 210 Semantics|work=Semantic features and Tourette's Syndrome|accessdate=21 November 2006}}  While this source defines coprographia, it makes misrepresentations about copro phenomena in relation to Tourette's:  they are not common, and not required for diagnosis.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị e ji mara ya ==
Coprolalia na-agụnye okwu na ahịrịokwu ndị a machibidoro omenala ma ọ bụ n'ozuzu ha na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka iji ọha na eze eme ihe, mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe n'ụzọ na-enweghị ihe gbara ya gburugburu. A naghị eji okwu ahụ akọwa iyi. A na-egosipụtakarị ya site na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma ọ bụ mmetụta uche, a pụkwara ikwu ya n'olu dara ụda ma ọ bụ ụda dị iche iche karịa mkparịta ụka nkịtị. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ otu okwu, ma ọ bụ ahịrịokwu dị mgbagwoju anya. Onye na-arịa coprolalia nwere ike ikwughachi okwu ahụ n'uche karịa ikwu ya n'olu dara ụda; ụdaolu ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-enye nsogbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;TSAbrochure&quot;&gt;[[Tourette Association of America]]. [https://tourette.org/resource/understanding-coprolalia/ Understanding Coprolalia – A misunderstood symptom]. Accessed 12 October 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Coprolalia bụ ihe e ji mara ọrịa Tourette mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na achaghị ya maka nchọpụta nke Tourette. Na ọrịa Tourette, onye na-ekwu ahịrịokwu ahụ nwere ike ghara ịchịkwa ịṅụ iyi na nke na-achọghị. Mgbapụta na-enweghị isi, dị ka mkparị agbụrụ ma ọ bụ agbụrụ na mkpakọrịta nke ndị okwu ndị dị otú ahụ kacha kpasuru iwe, nwere ike ịbụ ihe ihere karịsịa. Okwu ndị onye nwere coprolalia kwuru anaghị egosipụta echiche ma ọ bụ echiche nke onye ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;TSAbrochure&quot;/&gt;

A kọwaala ikpe nke ndị ọrịa Tourette ntị chiri na-aṅụ iyi n'asụsụ ndị ogbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Sign language tics in a prelingually deaf man|journal=Mov. Disord.|volume=15|issue=2|pages=318–20|date=March 2000|pmid=10752584|doi=10.1002/1531-8257(200003)15:2&lt;318::AID-MDS1018&gt;3.0.CO;2-H}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in a child with congenital deafness|journal=Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry|volume=10|issue=4|pages=256–9|date=December 2001|pmid=11794551|doi=10.1007/s007870170015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Coprolalia abụghị naanị maka nsogbu tic; ọ bụkwa ihe mgbaàmà a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke nsogbu akwara ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Singer C|title=Tourette syndrome. Coprolalia and other coprophenomena|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neurologic-clinics_1997-05_15_2/page/299|journal=Neurol Clin|date=May 1997|volume=15|issue=2|pages=299–308|pmid=9115463|doi=10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70314-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FreemanCopro&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Coprophenomena in Tourette syndrome|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_developmental-medicine-and-child-neurology_2009-03_51_3/page/218|journal=Dev Med Child Neurol|volume=51|issue=3|pages=218–27|date=March 2009|pmid=19183216|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03135.x}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ nwere ike ime mgbe mmerụ ahụ na ụbụrụ dị ka ọrịa strok na encephalitis; na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ dị ka choreoacanthocytosis, nkụnwụ, na ọrịa Lesch-Nyhan; na-esiri ya ike na ndị nwere dementia ma ọ bụ nsogbu na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla.&lt;ref name=&quot;FreemanCopro&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FreemanCopro&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Contemporary encephalitis lethargica presenting with agitated catatonia, stereotypy, and dystonia-parkinsonism|journal=Mov. Disord.|volume=22|issue=15|pages=2281–4|date=November 2007|pmid=17914719|doi=10.1002/mds.21664}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Choreoacanthocytosis in a Mexican family|journal=Arch. Neurol.|volume=64|issue=11|pages=1661–4|date=November 2007|pmid=17998451|doi=10.1001/archneur.64.11.1661|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/794754 &lt;!-- citation consistency free full text to blue link title--&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Intractable seizures, compulsions, and coprolalia: a pediatric case study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neuropsychiatry-and-clinical-neurosciences_summer-1992_4_3/page/315|journal=J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci|volume=4|issue=3|pages=315–9|year=1992|pmid=1498584|doi=10.1176/jnp.4.3.315}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jinnah HA. [http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/topic630.htm Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome.] eMedicine.com (August 29, 2006). Accessed 28 October 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FreemanCopro&quot; /&gt;

== Mgbasawanye nke ọrịa Tourette ==
Naanị ihe dị ka 10% nke ndị nwere Tourette na-egosipụta coprolalia, mana ọ na-adọta uche karịa ihe mgbaàmà ọ bụla ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SingerBehavior&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20050208082423/http://www.tsa-usa.org/what_is/Faqs.html Tourette Syndrome FAQ.] Tourette Syndrome Association. Accessed 6 October 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

Enwere obere nnyocha ọrịa na-efe efe nke ọrịa Tourette; ajọ mbunobi nchọpụta na-emetụta ọmụmụ ahụike. Nnyocha banyere ndị nwere Tourette na-esikarị na samples tertiary, ndị kasị ọrịa n'ime ndị ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swerdlow&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Swerdlow NR|title=Tourette syndrome: current controversies and the battlefield landscape|journal=Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep|volume=5|issue=5|pages=329–31|date=September 2005|pmid=16131414|doi=10.1007/s11910-005-0054-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọzọkwa, a gbanwere ụkpụrụ maka nchọpụta nke Tourette na 2000, mgbe ewepụrụ ụkpụrụ nkwarụ na DSM-IV-TR maka nsogbu niile, na-akpata mmụba nchọpụta nke ndị na-adịghị ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.psychnet-uk.com/x_new_site/DSM_IV/misc_pages/what_is_dsm_iv_tr.html|title=What is DSM-IV-TR?|author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;|work=Psychnet-UK|accessdate=21 June 2016|quote=Tourette's Disorder and all of the Tic Disorders no longer require that symptoms cause distress or impair functioning.|archive-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316150904/http://www.psychnet-uk.com/x_new_site/DSM_IV/misc_pages/what_is_dsm_iv_tr.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tụkwasị na nke a, ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ahụike na-ata ahụhụ site na obere nha sample. Ihe ndị a jikọtara iji mee ka atụmatụ ochie nke coprolalia - nke na-eleba anya n'ebe ndị ọrịa nọ nke ndị siri ike karị - bụrụ ihe mgbe ochie.

Ihe nchekwa data mba ụwa, nke nwere ọtụtụ saịtị nke mmadụ 3,500 nwere ọrịa Tourette nke sitere na ihe nlele ahụike chọpụtara na 14% nke ndị ọrịa nwere Tourette na-esonyere ọnọdụ ndị na-emetụta ya nwere coprolalia, ebe naanị 6% nke ndị na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya (&quot;dị ọcha&quot;) Tourette nwere coprolaliya. Otu nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ohere nke inwe coprolalia mụbara n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ: ndị ọrịa nwere ọnọdụ anọ ma ọ bụ ise - na mgbakwunye na tics - nwere okpukpu anọ ruo isii karịa ndị nwere naanị Tourette.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3,500 individuals in 22 countries|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_developmental-medicine-and-child-neurology_2000-07_42_7/page/436|journal=Dev Med Child Neurol|volume=42|issue=7|pages=436–47|date=July 2000|pmid=10972415|doi=10.1017/S0012162200000839}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu nnyocha nke usoro ụmụaka n'ozuzu ya chọpụtara 8% nke coprolalia n'ime ụmụaka nwere ọrịa Tourette, ebe nnyocha ọzọ chọpụtara 60% na ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ndị ọzọ (ebe a na-ahụkarị ndị siri ike).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Singer C|title=Tourette syndrome. Coprolalia and other coprophenomena|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neurologic-clinics_1997-05_15_2/page/299|journal=Neurol Clin|volume=15|issue=2|pages=299–308|date=May 1997|pmid=9115463|doi=10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70314-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nnyocha Brazil na-adịbeghị anya nke ndị ọrịa 44 nwere ọrịa Tourette chọpụtara na 14% nke coprolalia; nnyocha Costa Rican nke ndị 85 chọpụtara na 20% nwere coprolalia: nnyocha [[Chile]] nke ndị ọrịa 70 chọpụtara na 8.5% nke coprolalie; nnyocha ndị okenye na [[Japan]] kọrọ na 4% nke coprolaliya; na nnyocha ahụike ka okenye na Brazil chọpụtara na 28% nke ndị ọrịa 32 nwere coprolaliya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Tics and Tourette syndrome: clinical evaluation of 44 cases|journal=Arq Neuropsiquiatr|volume=59|issue=3–B|pages=725–8|date=September 2001|pmid=11593273|doi=10.1590/S0004-282X2001000500014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Cultural influences on diagnosis and perception of Tourette syndrome in Costa Rica|journal=J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=4|pages=456–63|date=April 2001|pmid=11314572|doi=10.1097/00004583-200104000-00015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.4067/S0034-98871999001200010|pmid=10835756|title=Enfermedad de los tics (síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette): Características clínicas de 70 pacientes|language=es|journal=[[Revista Médica de Chile]]|volume=127|issue=12|pages=1480–6|year=1999|author=Miranda C|first=Marcelo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Tourette syndrome in Japan: a nationwide questionnaire survey of psychiatrists and pediatricians|journal=Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.|volume=52|issue=4|pages=407–11|date=August 1998|pmid=9766689|doi=10.1046/j.1440-1819.1998.00412.x}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=A Brazilian cohort of patients with Tourette's syndrome|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neurology-neurosurgery-and-psychiatry_1996-02_60_2/page/209|journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry|volume=60|issue=2|pages=209–12|date=February 1996|pmid=8708658|doi=10.1136/jnnp.60.2.209}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịtụle nsogbu usoro na-emetụta akụkọ ndị a niile, nkwekọrịta nke Tourette Syndrome Association bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ dị n'okpuru pasent 15.

== Nchịkwa ==
A gwọrọ ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa site na ịgba ọgwụ botulinum (botox) n'akụkụ eriri olu. Nke a anaghị egbochi ụda olu, mana nkwarụ nke na-esi na ya apụta na-enyere aka ịchịkwa olu nke ụda ọ bụla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Botulinum toxin injection into vocal cord in the treatment of malignant coprolalia associated with Tourette's syndrome|journal=Mov. Disord.|volume=11|issue=4|pages=431–3|date=July 1996|pmid=8813224|doi=10.1002/mds.870110413}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jankovic J|title=Botulinum toxin in the treatment of dystonic tics|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_movement-disorders_1994-05_9_3/page/347|journal=Mov. Disord.|volume=9|issue=3|pages=347–9|date=May 1994|pmid=8041378|doi=10.1002/mds.870090315}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tics|journal=Arch. Neurol.|volume=57|issue=8|pages=1190–3|date=August 2000|pmid=10927800|doi=10.1001/archneur.57.8.1190}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mgbatị ọgwụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Robertson2005PMJ&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and its impact in the UK|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_postgraduate-medical-journal_2005-01_81_951/page/12|journal=Postgrad Med J|volume=81|issue=951|pages=12–9|date=January 2005|pmid=15640424|doi=10.1136/pgmj.2004.023614}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọha na omenala ==
Ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ na-egosipụtakarị ndị nwere ọrịa Tourette dị ka ndị na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke naanị ihe na-eme bụ coprolalia, nke mere ka mkparị na nghọtahie ọha na eze na ndị nwere Tourette.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Tourette syndrome in film and television|journal=The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences|volume=41|issue=2|date=March 2014|pages=226–32|doi=10.1017/S0317167100016620|pmid=24534035}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Public perception of Tourette syndrome on YouTube|journal=Journal of Child Neurology|volume=27|issue=8|date=2012|pages=1011–16|doi=10.1177/0883073811432294|pmid=22821136}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Holtgren&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Holtgren B|title=Truth about Tourette's not what you think|work=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]]|date=January 11, 2006|quote=As medical problems go, Tourette's is, except in the most severe cases, about the most minor imaginable thing to have. ... the freak-show image, unfortunately, still prevails overwhelmingly. The blame for the warped perceptions lies overwhelmingly with the video media—the Internet, movies and TV. If you search for 'Tourette' on Google or YouTube, you'll get a gazillion hits that almost invariably show the most outrageously extreme examples of motor and vocal tics. Television, with notable exceptions such as Oprah, has sensationalized Tourette's so badly, for so long, that it seems beyond hope that most people will ever know the more prosaic truth.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbaàmà coprolalic nke Tourette bụkwa nri maka ihe ngosi redio na telivishọn.

== Hụkwa ==

*

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
{{Topics related to Tourette syndrome}}
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    <title>Etisalat site na e&amp;</title>
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&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Telecoms 150 2021 {{!}} The Annual Brand Value Ranking {{!}} Brandirectory|url=https://brandirectory.com/rankings/telecoms/|accessdate=2022-01-23|work=brandirectory.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Emirates Telecommunications Group Company PJSC, na-azụ ahịa dị ka etisalat site e&amp; bụ onye na-eweta ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba dị iche iche nke Emirati, na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na mba 16 gafee Eshia, Middle East, na Africa.  Ọ bụ onye ọrụ netwọk ekwentị mkpanaaka nke iri na asatọ n'ụwa site na ọnụọgụ ndị debanyere aha.  Na Disemba 2020, Etisalat kwuru na ọ na-eweta ọsọ nbudata 5G kacha ọsọ n'ụwa na 9.1 Gigabits kwa nkeji, netwọkụ malitere na Dubai kemgbe 2017.[1]  Etisalat bụ otu n'ime ụdị kachasị ike na Middle East na Africa yana otu n'ime akara ekwentị kacha sie ike n'ụwa.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Arabian Post Feature|url=https://thearabianpost.com/etisalat-reports-aed-13b-revenues-for-qi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503052259/https://thearabianpost.com/etisalat-reports-aed-13b-revenues-for-qi/|archivedate=3 May 2023|accessdate=3 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na Mee 2023, Etisalat kọrọ ego ha ime nke Ozi AED 13 maka Q1.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=Etisalat launches first commercial 5G network in MENA|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/telecom/etisalat-launches-first-commercial-5g-network-in-mena|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411114237/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/telecom/etisalat-launches-first-commercial-5g-network-in-mena|archivedate=11 April 2022|accessdate=11 April 2022|work=Khaleej Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Etisalat bụ otu n'ime ebe ịntanetị dị na Middle East ( AS 8966), na-enye ikike na ndị ọrụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na mpaghara ahụ.  Ọ bụkwa ndị kasị ibu nke okporo ụzọ olu mba ụwa na Middle East na Africa na 12th kasị ibu olu n'ụwa.  [1] N'ihe dị ka Ọktoba 2008, Etisalat nwere ihe onyonyo 510 na-ekpuchi mba 186 ma na-enyere BlackBerry, 3G, GPRS na eserese olu.  [2] Etisalat na-arụ ọrụ Points of Presence (PoP) na New York, London, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Paris na Singapore.  Na Disemba 2011 Etisalat ime azụmahịa nke Etisalat 4G LTE Network.  [3] Na Mee 2018 Etisalat mmekọahụ nke Etisalat 5G LTE Network, na-aghọ onye ọrụ telecom mbụ na Middle East na North Africa (MENA) mpaghara ime ya

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Etisalat ntọala na 1976 dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-akpa nkata n'etiti International Aeradio Limited, ụlọ ọrụ Britain, na ndị mmekọ obodo.  N'afọ 1983, usoro nwe ya oriri - United Arab Emirates nwere òkè 60% na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 40% IV bụ ndị a na-ere ahuhu n'ihu ọha.

N'afọ 1991, otu etiti UAE nyere iwu Federal Iwu No. 1, nke nyere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ikike ọrụ wired na ikuku na mba na n'etiti UAE na mba ndị ọzọ.  O ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ikike ịnya mkpuchi maka, mbubata, arịa, iji, ma ọ bụ ọrụ ngwa nzi ozi.  Nke a nyere Etisalat ma ikike ụmụaka yana njikwa, nke mezuru ikike nke nnukwu telecom na UAE.  Iji chebe akụ na ọnọdụ obodo, iwu ahụ mere ndokwa maka ngalaba iwu na mba ahụ.  &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;[ a nkịtị ]

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Etisalad to sponsor Anorthosis Famagusta|url=http://www.anorthosis.com/news/4107|publisher=Anorthosis Famagusta official website|date=25 November 2013|accessdate=29 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;Mmụba nke ahịrị site na 36,000 na 1976 ruo ihe ọmụmụ 737,000 na 1998 bụ otu n'ime ihe dị mkpa na-egosi uto na-egosi mmetụta Etisalat.  Taa Etisalat guzo 140th n'etiti Financial Times Top 500 Corporations n'ụwa n'ihe gbasara isi akara aha, ma akwụkwọ Middle East na-jiri dị ka ụlọ ọrụ 6th kasị ukwuu na Middle East n'ihe gbasara ego na ego ha  ike .  Onye ọrụ ahụ bụ onye kacha enye aka na mpaghara mpaghara na mmemme nke mmemme etiti UAE.  &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Etisalat enwetala mpaghara niile maka mmemme ịweta mba.  [1] Na Nọvemba 2013, a mara ọkwa na Etisalat ga-abụ onye nkwado nke Saịprọs First Division nke Anorthosis Famagusta
[[Usòrò:Dubai_UAE_1301200712681.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ekwentị enyi na-ahụ Etisalat na Dubai .]]
e&amp; bụ isi na Abu Dhabi ma gụnye ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara atọ - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, na Northern Emirates.  Ebe etiti mpaghara Northern Emirates dabere na Sharjah ma ọrụ telecom na emirates nke Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah na Ras Al Khaimah .

Na UAE, e&amp; na-arụ ọrụ ebe ntinye mkpanaka dịlarị n'etiti ndị kachasị elu n'ụwa &quot;200%&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Motorola il iDEN|url=http://www.intomobile.com/2010/01/03/uae-hits-200-mobile-penetration-rate/|title=UAE hits 200% mobile penetration rate|publisher=Intomobile.com|date=3 January 2010|accessdate=14 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305053845/http://www.intomobile.com/2010/01/03/uae-hits-200-mobile-penetration-rate/|archivedate=5 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Etisalat bịara mara maka mbọ ọ gbara iji wepụta netwọkụ Fibre-To-The-Home (FTTH) na UAE. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2009, Etisalat emechaala akwụkwọ mpịakọta FTTH maka 85% nke ezinụlọ na Abu Dhabi, na-edobe isi obodo UAE dị ka nke mbụ n'ụwa ejiri eriri kpuchie ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/business/general/etisalat-fibre-optic-network-to-top-dh5b-1.525620|title=etisalat fibre-optic network to top Dh5b|work=Gulf News|date=10 November 2009|accessdate=14 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731085322/http://gulfnews.com/business/general/etisalat-fibre-optic-network-to-top-dh5b-1.525620|archivedate=31 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ịnweta ịntanetị 3G Mobile Ịnweta ịntanetị nke 4G [1] Internet brọdband (Al Shamil [2] na eLife [3] ) Nnweta ịntanetị paịk ​​muekgoro na mgbe akirichara anya egwu egwuregwu igwe ojii na egwuregwu ya na GamestreamỊnweta ịntanetị 3G Mobile
* Ịnweta ịntanetị nke mkpanaka 4G &lt;ref name=&quot;dubaiblog.it&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Apple's iPad 3 is incompatible with the Middle East 4G|url=http://www.dubaiblog.it/index.php/2012/03/29/dubai-blog-apples-ipad-3-is-incompatible-with-the-middle-east-4g/|publisher=dubaiblog.it|accessdate=29 March 2012|date=29 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316111322/http://www.dubaiblog.it/index.php/2012/03/29/dubai-blog-apples-ipad-3-is-incompatible-with-the-middle-east-4g/|archivedate=16 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọrụ [[Broadband|ịntanetị brọdband]] (Al Shamil &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.etisalat.ae/index.jsp?lang=en&amp;type=service&amp;contentid=855d1755596a8110VgnVCM1000000c24a8c0RCRD&amp;currentid=875059ecfb01a010VgnVCM1000003c05000a____|title=Al Shamil – Broadband Internet for Home|publisher=Etisalat.ae|accessdate=14 November 2011|archivedate=5 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805075320/https://www.etisalat.ae/index.jsp?lang=en&amp;type=service&amp;contentid=855d1755596a8110VgnVCM1000000c24a8c0RCRD&amp;currentid=875059ecfb01a010VgnVCM1000003c05000a____}}&lt;/ref&gt; na eLife &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.etisalat.ae/index.jsp?lang=en&amp;type=service&amp;contentid=ae0b7ea64789c110VgnVCM1000000c24a8c0RCRD&amp;currentid=669f59ecfb01a010VgnVCM1000003c05000a____|title=eLife – Double Play|work=etisalat|accessdate=24 June 2010|archivedate=5 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805075423/https://www.etisalat.ae/index.jsp?lang=en&amp;type=service&amp;contentid=ae0b7ea64789c110VgnVCM1000000c24a8c0RCRD&amp;currentid=669f59ecfb01a010VgnVCM1000003c05000a____}}&lt;/ref&gt; )
* Nnweta ịntanetị akwụgoro akwụgoro na mgbe akwụchara ụgwọ
* Ọrụ egwuregwu igwe ojii na mmekorita ya na Gamestream &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Etisalat launches UAE's first cloud gaming service {{!}} Gamestream|url=https://gamestream.biz/events/etisalat-launches-uaes-first-cloud-gaming-service|accessdate=27 August 2020|work=gamestream.biz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

e&amp; na-arụkwa ọrụ iZone, mara Wi-Fi hotspot na etiti ebe, dị ka nnukwu ụlọ, ụlọ nri, na cafes sheesha .  Enwere ike ime iZone site na edemede múaeka ime ma ọ bụ iji akaụntụ dị adị.  A na-ikwenye oku oku oku na ịntanetị ISDN n'otu elekere, ebe eriri ụlọ na ebe obibi na DSL nwere ike ịnwanwa dabere na ọsọ.  ịntanetị ndị ọzọ, nke ezubere maka ndị na-azụ ndị na-anya, nwere ikike okporo ojiji ụzọ yana ịdị oke elu mgbe ị na-agafe oke bandwit ekenyere.  Nke a butere Etisalat mgbasa ozi ma ifkwa isi ihe na-akatọ ya.  &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;[ a nkịtị ]

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Etisalat appoints Hatem Dowidar as its new group CEO|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/technology/etisalat-appoints-hatem-dowidar-as-its-new-group-ceo-1.1129883|accessdate=2021-01-03|work=The National|date=16 December 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Etisalat bụ nnukwu onye na-etinye ego na Thuraya (34.5%), [1] onye na-eweta ikike geo-mobile nke satịlaịtị.  N'afọ 2006 Etisalat malitere mmemme nrụzigharị bụ nke isi butere mwepu nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ya na-enweta isi nke na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru njikwa nke telecom na etiti;  Ejikọkwaara ma mekwaa ọrụ ndị bụ isi, na-ama ngbanwe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na telecom nke ike na- ike gaa na ndị na-eweta ọrụ lekwasịrị anya ndị ọrụ.  [2] Dị ka nke mmemme ahụ, Etisalat mgbasa mgbasa ozi re-branding, na- akara akara ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na Mee 2006. Nhazi nke ahụ mechiri na nke Etisalat Services Holding LLC, nke dịka nke 2008 na-ahụ maka  ọrụ nke ngalaba Etisalat na-azụ telecom nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma.  Na 27 Ma ihe 2016, a na-achọpụta Saleh Al Abdooli onye isi otu, na- ọrụ ya na ọrụ mba ụwa.  [3] Al Abdooli gbara arụkwaghịm na ụlọ ahụ bụ onye mechara kwenye dị ka onye isi otu na ọ bụrụ onye isi otu na  16 Wepụ 2020

== Ọnụnọ mba ụwa ==
Etisalat International Investments bụ ngalaba azụmaahịa nke Etisalat na-arụ ọrụ telecom na mpụga [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] ma jikwaa oke ụlọ ọrụ na ndị na-ebu ekwentị na Afghanistan, [[Egypt]], [[Niger]], Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka na Pakistan . Emezigharịrị ngalaba ntinye ego mba ụwa, yana ndị otu njikwa ya ka ọ bụrụ Etisalat Group, a họpụtara Ahmad Abdulkarim Julfar ka onye isi otu na 2011, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Etisalat Group 2012 Annual Report|url=http://www.etisalat.com/en/presentation/management-team.html|work=etisalat.com|accessdate=12 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113052200/http://www.etisalat.com/en/presentation/management-team.html|archivedate=13 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; sochiri Saleh Al Abdooli na 2016.

Dị ka nke 2023, Etisalat nwere 14.6% na Vodafone Group otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ nkwukọrịta Europe. Etisalat nwekwara oke na PPF Group nwere pasenti 50% nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe dị ka onye na-eweta ekwentị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kerr|first=Simeon|date=2023-04-25|title=UAE investment group increases Vodafone stake amid scrutiny of board structure|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/0a1cec8f-d648-44d6-b94e-a8454a663eaa|accessdate=2023-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-08-01|title=e&amp; buys into PPF Group's CEE telco assets|url=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2023/08/01/e-buys-into-ppf-groups-cee-telco-assets/|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=Broadband TV News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#f7f8ff; font-size:95%; border:gray solid 1px;&quot;
!Obodo
! Onye ọrụ
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; United Arab Emirates
| Etisalat sitere na e&amp;
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Saudi Arabia
| Mobile
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Egypt
| Etisalat nke e&amp;amp;amp; - Egypt
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Pakistan
| ptcl, Ufone, [[Onic]]
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Algeria
| [[Etisalat Algeria|Etisalat]]
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Afghanistan
| Etisalat Afghanistan
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Benin
| Moov
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Burkina Faso
| Moov
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Central African Republic
| Moov
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Côte d'Ivoire
| Moov
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Gabon
| Moov
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Mali
| [[Sotelma]]
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Mauritania
| [[Mauritel]]
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Morocco
| Ụlọ ọrụ Maroc Telecom
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Niger
| Moov
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Togo
| Moov
|-
|&lt;/img&gt; Chad
| Moov
|}

=== Mobily - Saudi Arabia ===
Otu n'ime mmetụta ego mbụ Etisalat si mba ụwa bụ nke ịbụ onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ nke abụọ na Saudi Arabia.  Mobily, aha ika Etihad Etisalat ntọala ntọala na 2005 bụ ugbu a nke abụọ na-eweta ọrụ na Saudi Arabia na ndị debanyere aha nde 20. N'ihe na-ọkpara 6 ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ọrụ na obodo 32, Mobily na-  eweta nsogbu na nsogbu 79.2 nke ndị bi na ya.  Mobily bụkwa onye mbụ wulitere obere 3G kacha ọsọ n'ime obere oge n'Alaeze ahụ.  &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;[ a nkịtị ]

=== Maroc Telecom – Morocco ===
Na Julaị 2013, Vivendi Were na ọ ga-eresị 53% ya na Maroc Telecom na Etisalat [1] maka ihe dị ka ihie $5.7.  [2] Maroc Telecom sonyeere Etisalat Group na 2014 na-enye Digirin na ọrụ telecom na ICT egwu ahịrị edobere, egwu, ịntanetị na egwu.  Ndị ọrụ telecom bụ onye ọrụ telecom mbụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na Morocco.  &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;[ a nkịtị ]

=== PTCL - Pakistan ===
Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd ( ptcl ) bụ ụgbọ elu telecom ọtụtụ ọrụ na ihu nke obi nke obodo.  Etisalat matsayin PTCL na 2005 yana nzukọ 26 njikwa njikwa sitere na Gọọmenti Pakistan dị ka nke nnukwu nna ịwepu onwe ya.  PTCL na-eduga mba ahụ na ndebanye aha brọdband, yana ihe nna nde 1.3 n'ime obodo 200 ka ha na-anụ ndị ririụ fiber optic siri ike nke na-enye mmanya diẹ ebe 550 n'ofe mba ahụ.  &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;[ a nkịtị ]

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/technology/feeds/afx/2006/09/14/afx3016264.html|work=Forbes|title=China's Huawei, Sweden's Ericsson to build Egypt's 3rd mobile network – report}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'nana Julaị 2006, e nyere ndị otu Etisalat na-edu ikike imepe nke nke Egypt nke atọ, na-enweta mmeri nke £ 16.7 (EUR 2.29 ihie euro).  [1] The venture, Etisalat site e&amp; - Egypt, nche na ndị na-enye ọrụ Vodafone na Orange .  Na 12 September 2006, a mara ọkwa na Ericsson nke Sweden na Huawei nke China ga-ewu ahụ, na ọnụ ahịa ihe ruru US $ 1.2.  [2]

Netwọk Etisalat Egypt na-ekpuchi ma na-eje ozi ihe karịrị 99% nke ndị bi na Egypt, site na ihe karịrị ọdụ ụgbọ ala 6,000, Etisalat Egypt bụ onye izizi bidoro 3.75G na Egypt na onye ọrụ izizi bidoro ọrụ oku vidiyo na [[Egypt]] .

Onye ọrụ ahụ ghọrọ onye na-eweta ọrụ nkwukọrịta na-eto ngwa ngwa na mba ahụ. Etisalat Afghanistan etinyela ihe karịrị nde US $ 300 na ụlọ ọrụ telecom nke Afghanistan, yana Etisalat Group nwe ya kpamkpam. Na 2012, Etisalat meriri ikike 3G na Afghanistan wee malite ọrụ 3G mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Afghanistan.

Etisalat na-ekerịta ụlọ elu mkpanaka 60 ruo 70 na gọọmentị nwere Afghan Telecom, nke na-achọ itolite oke ahịa ya pasent ise. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thenational.ae/business/technology/afghan-telecom-relying-on-etisalat-to-grow-market-share-1.774119 &quot;Afghan Telecom relying on Etisalat to grow market share&quot; by Alkesh Sharma Sept. 26, 2018.]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Mauritel]] bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi kachasị na Mauritania. Mauritel na-ekwusi ike na oke ahịa kwụsiri ike na ihe dịka 60% nke ndị bi na ya.

Ụlọ ọrụ Telecommunications Mauritania (Mauritel) [[Mauritel]], nke bụ 41.2% nke Maroc Telecom nke Morocco nwere na-apụtaghị ìhè, ewepụtala ikike ekwentị mkpanaka ya na mba Africa ruo afọ iri ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2015/02/13/mauritel-granted-ten-year-mobile-licence-extension|title=Mauritel granted ten-year mobile licence extension|work=telegeography.com|accessdate=2023-09-14|archivedate=2016-05-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529085332/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2015/02/13/mauritel-granted-ten-year-mobile-licence-extension/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sotelma - Mali ===
 
Gọọmenti rere nke mbụ telco Sotelma (akara Malitel) wee nọrọ n'aka Maroc Telecom. Site na ire Maroc Telecom, ikike ya gafere Etisalat.

Sotelma na-enye ekwentị, ịntanetị, ekwentị mkpanaaka na ọrụ ekwentị ndị ọzọ. Enyemaka ọrụ mkpanaka ya bụ Malitel, yana ndị ahịa karịrị nde isii.

=== Moov - West Africa ===
LmkN'Africa, Etisalat nwetara 50% nke mbak Atlantique Telecom na Eprel 2005. Dabere na Ivory Coast, AT nwere ndị ọrụ ekwentị na [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]], [[Niger]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Gabon]] na [[Côte d'Ivoire]] . Na 2007, Etisalat mụbara mbak ya na AT ruo 70% na ọzọ na Mee 2008, ruo 82%.

Etisalat Group's brand MOOV na-arụ ọrụ na West Africa dum, na [[Benin]], [[Togo]], [[Gabon]], [[Niger]], Central Africa, [[Burkina Faso]] (dị ka ONATEL) na [[Côte d'Ivoire]], na-eje ozi ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 50. MOOV na-ekpuchi na nkezi 60% nke ebe ndị mmadụ bi na obodo ọ bụla a na-arụ ọrụ.

Etisalat bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmekọ ntọala nke Canar Telecom, onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ telecom na-akwụghị ụgwọ. Na Septemba 2007 Etisalat ebulila oke ya na Canar site na 37% ruo 82% n'ọnụ ọnụ ahịa AED 584.17 nde (US $ 159 nde). &lt;ref name=&quot;zawya.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.zawya.com/cm/profile.cfm/cid334652|title=Emirates Telecommunications Corporation in United Arab Emirates, Etisalat|publisher=Zawya|accessdate=14 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ewepụtara Canar na 27 Nọvemba 2005. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.canar.sd/press-release-launches.html|title=:: Canar ::|publisher=Canar.sd|accessdate=14 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121161631/http://canar.sd/press-release-launches.html|archivedate=21 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọrọ na onye ọrụ na-eji teknụzụ NGN na Ikuku Local Loop (WLL) maka olu ya, data, ịntanetị na ọrụ mgbasa ozi. Canar bụ otu n'ime ndị ọrụ izizi n'Afrịka jiri isi netwọkụ NGN. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.canar.sd/canar-profile.html|title=:: Canar ::|publisher=Canar.sd|accessdate=14 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130211910/http://www.canar.sd/canar-profile.html|archivedate=30 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2016, Etisalat si n'ahịa Sudan pụọ site na ire 92.3% ya na Bank of Khartoum maka nde AED349.6. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2016/06/15/etisalat-sells-92-stake-in-sudanese-telco-canar-to-bank-of-khartoum/|title=Etisalat sells 92% stake in Sudanese telco Canar to Bank of Khartoum|work=telegeography.com|accessdate=2023-09-14|archivedate=2016-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023050759/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2016/06/15/etisalat-sells-92-stake-in-sudanese-telco-canar-to-bank-of-khartoum/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article59287|title=Etisalat Group sells stakes in Sudan's Canar to Bank of Khartoum|work=Sudan Tribune|accessdate=2023-09-14|archivedate=2020-07-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731021645/https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article59287}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Energy and Engineering Technology Consulting an Energy Consulting Group|url=http://www.eetcltd.com/|accessdate=3 December 2014|archivedate=1 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801061816/http://eetcltd.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt;Engr Christopher Aigbovbiosa Ogiemwonyi (amụrụ 21 Maachị 1951) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye ọchụnta ego Naijiria.  Ọ bụbu onye minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ na Nigeria Federal Ministry of Work.  Ọ bụ onye isi otu onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmanụ ala nke Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation nke lara ezumike nká.  Dịka nke Jenụwarị 2020, ọ bụ Onye isi oche nke Energy and Engineering Technology Consulting Group.  Ọ nọrọla n'ọkwa a kemgbe afọ 2011

Mgbe o si na [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] mere gaa na [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]], [1] ọ gbara akwụkwọ maka ịzọ ọkwa ọkwa na mbụ aka, Edo steeti, 2016 .  [2] Ọ Kamarotu 137 na mbụ aka mbụ, na-ahụ na anọ.  Ọ dị di ma ụmụ ise

== Background ==
.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Engineer Chris Ogiemwonyi – OTEDO.COM|url=http://ihuanedo.ning.com/m/group/discussion?id=2971192:Topic:130907|work=ihuanedo.ning.com|accessdate=2020-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;A mụrụ Ogiemwonyi na 21 Maachị 1951 nye Mr. na Oriakụ Agbonkpolor Ogiemwonyi na Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Western Boys, Benin City tupu ọ gawa na Mahadum Benin na 1969. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1974, na B.Sc.  (Hons) na nhọrọ Fiziks etinyere na Eletrọnịkị.  O mechara gaa mahadum nke Ibadan.  Na 1976, ọ nwetara diplọma post-gụsịrị akwụkwọ na petroleum engineering

Ọ bụ technocrat nwere &quot;nna-ogo[1] nke ahụmahụ na mmanụ na gas ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ gara ọtụtụ obodo na mba ọmụmụ. Ọ bụ alumnus nke Harvard Business School. Ọ bụ onye so na Society of Petroleum Engineers.  Ọ bụkwa onye nwere ọkwa dị elu nke otu ndị injinia na-ahụ maka ndị injinia na Naịjirịa, ọ bụụrụ onye isi otu Nigeria Gas Association site na 2006 ruo 2008.

.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=THE ESSENTIAL CHRIS OGIEMWONYI - Jeffery Igbinigie.|url=https://ireporteronline.com.ng/the-essential-chris-ogiemwonyi-jeffery-igbinigie/|author=Omo-Ikirodah|first=Osigwe|date=2020-01-14|work=iReporter Online|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ogiemwonyi bụ onye natara Justice of Peace site n'aka gọọmentị Edo steeti na Kwame Nkrumah Leadership Award.  Ọ bụkwa onye nkwado nke ọtụtụ ozu, gụnyere National Association of Nigerian Students and Association of Community Newspapers Publishers of Nigeria.

Ogiemwonyi nwetara asambodo WASSCE n'afọ 1969. N'afọ 1974 ọ ghọrọ B.Sc.  njide na physics etinyere.  E nwetara diplọma ya post-graduate na petroleum engineering na 1976. Ọ ghọrọ Dọkịta nke Engineering Ph.D.  (Honoris Causa) na Dọkịta Sayensị Ph.D.  (Honoris Causa) na 2008.

Chris Ogiemwonyi malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye injinia mmanụ ala na ngalaba mkparịta ụka n'afọ 1975. Na February 1977 e zigara ya na Shell Petroleum Development Company Warri.  Emere mbufe a site na ọnwa anọ na ọkara Ọganihu Petroleum Engineering Programme na Shell's Training Center na Hague, Netherlands.

Na 1982, Ogiemwonyi ogige ọrụ na Exploration &amp; Exploitation Division of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation .  A bufere ya na National Reserves Evaluation dị ka onye ndu oru na 1985. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ọkwa dịka onye ndu oru ngo, Ogiemwonyi chị agha niile na Dallas, USA site n'ịmepụta nchekwa data maka ụlọ ọrụ na gas.

N'afọ 1988, a kpọghachiri ya na Ngalaba Nchọgharị &amp; Nrigbu. Enyere ya onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ Petroleum Engineering Department ka ọ na-azụlite ngalaba injinia mmanụ ala emepụtara ọhụrụ.

N'afọ 1988, Chris Ogiemwonyi isi onye isi ọrụ (Petroleum Engineer) nke ụlọ ọrụ egosi ala Naijiria na Benin City.  Titan bụ isi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ ịsọ mpi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ na gas.  Enyere ụlọ ọrụ egwu ala Naijiria acreages anọ, OML – 65, nke nwere Ubi Abura.  Ọ rụpụtara 980 barrels (156 m edemede kwa ụbọchị.

Ọkụ onye isi ọrụ ubi na [[Abuja]], dịka ụlọ ọrụ ya nwere ọtụtụ akụ sitere na Tenneco ahụ n'oge ahụ.  Ogiemwonyi welitere ọkwa ọkwa site na 980 barrels (156 m nri kwa ụbọchị ruo ihe ọmụmụ 4,000 barrels (640 m nke ụbọchị na 1990. Na 1992, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye ndu oru ngo maka Oredo Field Project. Ọ bụ ọrụ Greenfield ọrụ.  Kelt Energy, UK na IP Construction, Calgary. Ọ ụlọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe mere 10,000 barrels (1,600 m fim kwa ụbọchị. Arụra ya iji hazie 30 nde kwa ụbọchị na ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ

N'afọ 1999, e buliri Chris Ogiemwonyi ka ọ onye isi njikwa ma bufee ya na National Petroleum Investments Management Services (NAPIMS) ka ọ na-ahụ maka ngalaba ọrụ.  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi njikwa, , Sponsondị mpaghara nke Gọọmenti Federal.  N'ihi ọrụ ya, a mgbaàmà Ogiemwonyi ka ọ bụrụ onye isi otu onye njikwa NAPIMS n'afọ 2001.

Mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi njikwa otu NAPIMS, Ogiemwonyi na-ahụ maka otu dị ka Joint Ventures na Companies na-ekekọrịta mmepụta.

N'oge ya na NAPIMS, Ogiemwonyi jere ozi dịka onyeisi oche nke kọmitii OTC Nigeria n'etiti 2003 na 2004. Ọ na-elekọtakwa ọtụtụ isi ọrụ. Nke a gụnyere ubi EA, ubi Erha, ubi Bonga, na ọrụ ubi Agbami, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.

N'ime oge ya, NAPIMS nwetara ụgwọ ego akwụghị ụgwọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2003. Dịka GGM NAPIMS, a na-akwado ijikọ akụrụngwa maka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ. Ngwongwo ndị a gụnyere ngwa apiti dị n'ụsọ osimiri.

N'Ọnọ Nọvemba afọ 2003, e nye star Ogiemwonyi ọrụ n'ihe ọrụ ike ala Naijiria dịka onye isi ụmụaka.  [1] Ọkachamara ya nyere aka na ịnwa nke nke ụlọ ọrụ site na 20,000 to 70,000 barrels (3,200 to 11,000 m-abụ kwa ụbọchị. Ọ jere ozi dị ka Louise oche nke Project Monitoring Committee of Okono/Okpho Development Project, a strategic Alliance between  Ụlọ ọrụ Nigerian Petroleum Development Company na Agip Energy Limited .Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka Oga oche nke PMC nke OMLs 64 na 66 Project, njikọ aka ọzọ dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ na-ekiri ala Naijiria na sinopec nke China.

.E-ahụ Ogiemwonyi na National Gas Company Limited (NGC) ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ụmụaka na March 2005. [1] O kpebisiri ike ibuba gas na-enye ndị akara bụ isi dịka PHCN, SNG, GSLink, WAPCO, Shagamu, Ewekoro, Notore  Fatịlaịza na ndị ọrụ Cement Obajana.  NGC akwụkwọ 130 nde na-enye gas kwa ụbọchị na ọnọdụ ọkọlọtọ (WAGP – West Africa gas Supply Project) na Benin, Togo, na Ghana.

=== ''Onye isi otu'' – Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation ===
Na Septemba 2007, Ogiemwonyi ghọrọ onye isi otu onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmanụ ala nke Nigeria (Exploration &amp; Production Directorate). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria loses $ 72 bn to gas flaring|url=http://www.gasandoil.com/news/africa/8c0de64a4f2ea177e91efd61cf71a573|accessdate=3 December 2014|work=Gas and Oil Connection|publisher=gasandoil.com|date=27 June 2008|archive-date=13 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213221834/http://www.gasandoil.com/news/africa/8c0de64a4f2ea177e91efd61cf71a573|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka GED Exploration na Production, Ogiemwonyi bụ onye na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmanụ ala Naijiria asaa. Ndị a gụnyere National Petroleum Investment Management Services, Nigerian Gas Company, LNG &amp; Power Division, Integrated Data Services Limited, Nigerian Petroleum Development Company Crude oil, Marketing Division na Local Content Division.

Dịka nke 2020, Ogiemwonyi bụ Onye isi oche nke Energy and Engineering Technology Consulting Group, ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ kemgbe Mee 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Energy and Engineering Technology Consulting an Energy Consulting Group|url=http://www.eetcltd.com/|accessdate=3 December 2014|archivedate=1 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801061816/http://eetcltd.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Engineer Chris Ogiemwonyi – OTEDO.COM|url=https://ihuanedo.ning.com/m/group/discussion?id=2971192:Topic:130907|work=ihuanedo.ning.com|accessdate=2020-05-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbata Septemba 2009 ruo Eprel 2010, Ogiemwonyi jere ozi dịka Onye isi oche maka Energy Strategy Center Abuja, otu Energy and Consulting Group.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pervasive intra-party conflicts in a democratising Nigeria|url=https://www.accord.org.za/ajcr-issues/pervasive-intra-party-conflicts-in-a-democratising-nigeria/|work=ACCORD|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=OTEDO.COM|url=https://ihuanedo.ning.com/|work=ihuanedo.ning.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-22|archivedate=2022-12-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207110831/https://ihuanedo.ning.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; [https://web.archive.org/web/20221207110831/https://ihuanedo.ning.com/]N'okpuru otu pati People's Democratic Party (PDP), Ogiemwonyi ka a onye minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ na ụgbọ na 2010. Ọ ngwaọrụ n'ihe ọrụ ahụ ruo Mee 2011

=== Onye na-azọ ọchịchị ===
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ogiemwonyi Defects To APC, Declare For Edo Governorship 2016|url=http://porscheclassy.com/19369/photonews-love-way-ogiemwonyi-declares-declares-apc-declare-edo-governorship-2016|accessdate=3 December 2014|work=PorscheClassy Media|publisher=Porscheclassy|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209044037/http://porscheclassy.com/19369/photonews-love-way-ogiemwonyi-declares-declares-apc-declare-edo-governorship-2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'afọ 2014, Ogiemwonyi gbahapụrụ All Progressive Congress (APC) .  Ọ daa n'ihu ọha ndị People's Democratic Party, [1] na-ekwusi ike na ọ-eji eweghachi njem ya.  Ekwuputara ya dị ka onye ụzọndọrọ APC n'afọ 2016

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogiemwonyi, Chris}}
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    <title>Hogan Bassey</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Hogan Bassey|honorific_suffix=[[Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire|MBE]] [[Order of the Niger|MON]]|image=Hogan Bassey.jpg|caption=|birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1932|4|27}}|birth_place=[[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River, Creek Town]], [[Calabar]], Nigeria|death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1998|1|26|1932|4|27}}|death_place=[[Apapa]], [[Lagos]], Nigeria}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

Hogan &quot;Kid&quot; Bassey listeni MBE MON {{Audio|Ig-Hogan_Bassey.ogg|Audio}}(3 June 1932 - 26 [[Jenụwarị|January]] 1998) bụ onye na-akụ ọkpọ na [[Naijiria]]-British; ọ bụ nwoke mbụ sitere na Naijeria ịghọ onye mmeri ịkụ ọkpọ ụwa. Hogan Kid Bassey gee ntị na MBE MON&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://records.com.ng/2016/hogan-kid-bassey-first-nigerian-become-world-boxing-champion/|title=Hogan &quot;Kid&quot; Bassey – First Nigerian to become a world boxing champion|publisher=Records Nigeria|accessdate=2 November 2016|archivedate=23 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923003041/http://records.com.ng/2016/hogan-kid-bassey-first-nigerian-become-world-boxing-champion/}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

A mụrụ ya Okon Asuquo Bassey n'akụkụ Osimiri Cross, Creek Town, Calabar, [[Naijiria|Nigeria]], wee bụrụ nwa amaala Britain mgbe ọ kwagara UK, ebe ọ nọrọ ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya na Liverpool. Okon Asuquo Bassey Cross River, Creek Town Calabar Liverpool&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/bassey.htm|title=Hogan &quot;Kid&quot; Bassey|publisher=The Cyber Boxing Zone|accessdate=5 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; O were aha Kid Bassey mgbe ọ ghọrọ ọkachamara dị ka onye ọkpọ. Ọ bụ George Biddles na Jimmy August duziri ya ma zụọ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Biography at boxrec.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://boxrec.com/media/index.php?title=Human:22405|title=Biography at boxrec.com|publisher=boxrec.com|date=31 December 2013|accessdate=1 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ịkụ ọkpọ ==
Mgbe asọmpi iri na anọ gasịrị na Naijiria, Bassey gara Liverpool, England, rutere ebe ahụ ụbọchị atọ tupu [[Krismas jọgburu onwe ya|Krismas]] 1951. Liverpool&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Independent (London)|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980406/ai_n14157075|title=Obituary: Hogan Bassey|publisher=FindArticles.com|accessdate=5 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mgbe o meriri n'asọmpi Empire featherweight, ọ meriri n&quot;asọmpi WBA World featherweight site n'imeri [[French language|French]] [[Algeria]] Cherif Hamia na [[Paris Principles (human rights standards)|Paris]] na 24 June 1957. WBA Cherif Hamia Onye agha US Davey Moore meriri ya n'asọmpi ahụ na 18 Machị 1959. Davey Moore Ndị mmegide ndị ọzọ gụnyere Billy &quot;Spider&quot; Kelly, Percy Lewis, Tommy Profitt, Sammy McCarthy, Ricardo Moreno, na Willie Pep. [ihe odide dị mkpa] Billy &quot;Spider&quot; Kelly Percy Lewis Ricardo Moreno Willie Pep __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ [ ihe e dere n'ala ala]

== Ndụ mgbe ịkụ ọkpọ gasịrị ==
In the 1958 New Year Honours, he was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Member of the Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) &quot;for services to sport in the Eastern Region, Nigeria&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/harticles/hogan.htm|title=Hogan|publisher=NigerDeltaCongress.com|accessdate=5 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bassey went on to become a coach in Nigeria, which awarded him the country's highest honour, the Order of the [[Niger]], in 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hogan &quot;Kid&quot; Bassey — Meet the First Nigerian To Become A World Boxing Champion|url=https://talkafricana.com/hogan-kid-bassey-meet-the-first-nigerian-to-become-a-world-boxing-champion/|work=Talk Africana|accessdate=28 August 2022|date=9 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; He died on 26 January 1998 at his home in [[Apapa]], [[Lagos]].

== Ihe ndekọ ịkụ ọkpọ ọkachamara ==
{{s-start}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=&quot;8&quot;|'''59 Wins''' (21 knockouts, 38 decisions), '''13 Losses''' (4 knockouts, 9 decisions), '''2 Draws'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=22405&amp;cat=boxer|title=Hogan Kid Bassey – Boxer|publisher=BoxRec.com|accessdate=5 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;&quot;
| style=&quot;border-style:none none solid solid; &quot;|'''Result'''
| style=&quot;border-style:none none solid solid; &quot;|'''Record'''
| style=&quot;border-style:none none solid solid; &quot;|'''Opponent'''
| style=&quot;border-style:none none solid solid; &quot;|'''Type'''
| style=&quot;border-style:none none solid solid; &quot;|'''Round'''
| style=&quot;border-style:none none solid solid; &quot;|'''Date'''
| style=&quot;border-style:none none solid solid; &quot;|'''Location'''
| style=&quot;border-style:none none solid solid; &quot;|'''Notes'''
|- align=center
|{{no2}}Loss
|68–13–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United States|1959}} [[Davey Moore (boxer, born 1933)|Davey Moore]]
|RTD
|11 (15)
|19 August 1959
|align=left|{{flagicon|California}} Los Angeles, United States
|align=left|{{small|For NBA, ''The Ring'', and lineal featherweight titles}}
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|68–12–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Davey Moore (boxer, born 1933)|Davey Moore]]
|RTD
|13 (15)
|18 March 1959
|align=left|{{flagicon|California}} Los Angeles, United States
|align=left|{{small|Lost NBA, ''The Ring'', and lineal featherweight titles}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|68–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} Ernesto Parra
|UD
|10
|13 December 1958
|align=left|{{flagicon|California}} Hollywood, United States
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|67–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United States|1912}} Carmelo Costa
|UD
|10
|31 October 1958
|align=left|{{flagicon|New York}} New York City, United States
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|66–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Willie Pep]]
|TKO
|9
|20 September 1958
|align=left|{{flagicon|Massachusetts}} [[Boston]], Massachusetts, United States
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|65–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} Jules Touan
|TKO
|7
|24 June 1958
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Kensington, London|Kensington]], London, United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|64–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} [[Ricardo Moreno]]
|KO
|3 (15)
|1 April 1958
|align=left|{{flagicon|California}} Los Angeles, United States
|align=left|{{small|Retained NBA, ''The Ring'', and lineal featherweight titles}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|63–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jean Pierre Cossemyns
|PTS
|10
|23 January 1958
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|62–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Victor Pepeder
|PTS
|10
|7 October 1957
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nottingham, Nottinghamshire]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|61–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|France}} [[Cherif Hamia]]
|TKO
|10 (15)
|24 June 1957
|align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Paris, France
|align=left|{{small|Won vacant [[list of WBA world champions#Featherweight|NBA]], [[list of The Ring world champions#Featherweight|''The Ring'']], and [[Lineal championship|lineal featherweight titles]]}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|60–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Puerto Rico}} Miguel Berrios
|UD
|12
|26 April 1957
|align=left|{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Washington, District of Columbia]], United States
|align=left|{{small|featherweight title eliminator}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|59–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Trinidad &amp; Tobago|colonial}} [[Percy Lewis (boxer)|Percy Lewis]]
|PTS
|15
|1 April 1957
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nottingham, Nottinghamshire]], United Kingdom
|align=left|{{small|Retained Commonwealth featherweight title}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|58–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Brazil|1889}} Joao Dos Santos
|PTS
|10
|26 November 1956
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Leicester]], [[East Midlands]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|57–11–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jean Sneyers
|TKO
|4
|26 November 1956
|align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Liège]], [[Belgium]]
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|57–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} Alby Tissong
|PTS
|8
|6 September 1956
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|56–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Italy}} Aldo Pravisani
|PTS
|8
|3 May 1956
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|55–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Louis Cabo
|TKO
|4
|22 March 1956
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|54–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jean Sneyers
|TKO
|4
|7 February 1956
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Harringay, London|Harringay]], London, United Kingdom
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|53–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Northern Ireland|union}} [[Billy Kelly (boxer)|Billy Kelly]]
|KO
|8
|19 November 1955
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
|align=left|{{small|'''Commonwealth Featherweight Title'''.}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|52–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Brazil|1889}} Joe Quinn
|KO
|1
|8 October 1955
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|51–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Spain|1945}} Juan Oscar Alvarez
|PTS
|10
|25 August 1955
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|50–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Andre Pierson
|PTS
|10
|3 June 1955
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester, United Kingdom]]
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|49–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Marcel Ranvial
|KO
|5
|22 March 1955
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Kensington, London|Kensington]], London, United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|48–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Trinidad &amp; Tobago|colonial}} [[Percy Lewis (boxer)|Percy Lewis]]
|PTS
|8
|31 January 1955
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nottingham, Nottinghamshire]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|47–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Aime Devisch
|PTS
|10
|29 November 1954
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Leeds, Yorkshire]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|46–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Harry Ramsden
|PTS
|8
|27 October 1954
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Blackpool, Lancashire]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|45–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Spain|1945}} Luis Romero
|PTS
|10
|3 September 1954
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|44–10–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jo Woussem
|PTS
|8
|12 August 1954
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|44–9–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Jacques Legendre
|PTS
|10
|2 July 1954
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|43–9–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Italy}} Enrico Macale
|PTS
|8
|3 June 1954
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|42–9–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jean Sneyers
|PTS
|10
|29 April 1954
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|41–9–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Johnny Butterworth
|PTS
|10
|4 March 1954
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|40–9–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Billy Kelly (boxer)|Billy Kelly]]
|PTS
|8
|8 December 1953
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Harringay, London|Harringay]], London, United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|40–8–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Sammy McCarthy]]
|PTS
|10
|6 October 1953
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Kensington, London|Kensington]], London, United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|39–8–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Spain|1945}} Juan Oscar Alvarez
|PTS
|10
|7 September 1953
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Newcastle, Tyne and Wear]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|39–7–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Tommy Higgins
|PTS
|8
|27 August 1953
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|38–7–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Denny Dawson
|KO
|4
|9 July 1953
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|37–7–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|France}} Emile Chemama
|TKO
|5
|24 March 1953
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Kensington, London|Kensington]], London, United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|37–6–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Spain|1945}} Luis Romero
|TKO
|8
|27 February 1953
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|36–6–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Johnny Haywood
|DQ
|3
|30 January 1953
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Blackpool, Lancashire]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|36–5–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Ken Lawrence
|TKO
|5
|20 January 1953
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Kensington, London|Kensington]], London, United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|35–5–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Jackie Briers
|PTS
|10
|8 January 1953
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|34–5–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Bobby Boland
|TKO
|5
|15 December 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|33–5–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|Belgium}} Jean Pierre Cossemyns
|PTS
|10
|8 December 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Leeds, Yorkshire]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|33–4–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Tommy Proffitt]]
|TKO
|7
|14 November 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|32–4–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Tommy Proffitt]]
|PTS
|8
|27 October 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|31–4–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Eddie Carson
|PTS
|8
|9 October 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|30–4–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Eddie McCormick
|PTS
|8
|22 September 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manchester]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|29–4–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Stan Skinless
|TKO
|7
|11 September 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|28–4–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Tommy Higgins
|PTS
|8
|28 August 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|27–4–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Jimmy Cardew
|PTS
|8
|7 August 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|26–4–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Johnny Barclay
|KO
|6
|28 July 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[West Hartlepool, County Durham]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|25–4–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Ivor Davies
|KO
|2
|23 June 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[West Hartlepool, County Durham]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|24–4–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Frankie Williams
|PTS
|8
|15 May 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|24–3–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[John Kelly (boxer)|John Kelly]]
|PTS
|8
|26 April 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|24–2–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Bobby Boland
|KO
|5
|17 April 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{draw}}Draw
|23–2–4
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Glyn Evans
|PTS
|8
|1 April 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Hanley, Staffordshire]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|23–2–3
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Len Shaw
|PTS
|8
|24 March 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Preston, Lancashire]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|22–2–3
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Tommy Higgins
|PTS
|8
|5 March 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Blackpool, Lancashire]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|21–2–3
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Peter Fay
|PTS
|8
|19 February 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Hanley, Staffordshire]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|20–2–3
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Ray Hillyard
|TKO
|4
|31 January 1952
|align=left|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Liverpool, Merseyside]], United Kingdom
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|19–2–3
|align=left|{{flagicon|Gold Coast}} Young Spider Neequaye
|PTS
|12
|28 September 1951
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|{{small|'''West African Bantamweight Title'''}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|18–2–3
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Steve Jeffra
|PTS
|12
|29 August 1951
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Bantamweight Title'''}}
|-
|{{draw}}Draw
|17–2–3
|align=left|{{flagicon|Ghana}} Little Joe
|PTS
|10
|Jul 08, 1951
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Emmy Cinema Theatre, Aba
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|17–2–2
|align=left|{{flagicon|Ghana}} Adjetey Sowah
|PTS
|10
|30 May 1951
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|16–2–2
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Jack Salami
|PTS
|8
|16 May 1951
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|15–2–2
|align=left|Kid Chukudi
|TKO
|3
|4 May 1951
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|14–2–2
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Dick Turpin
|PTS
|6
|29 January 1951
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|13–2–2
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Joe Bennett
|TKO
|10 (12)
|Nov 10, 1950
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Bantamweight Title'''}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|12–2–2
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Eddie Phillips (boxer)|Eddie Phillips]]
|PTS
|6
|Oct 06, 1950
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|11–2–2
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Steve Jeffra
|PTS
|12
|7 July 1950
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|
|-
|{{draw}}Draw
|10–2–2
|align=left|{{flagicon|Ghana}} Ogli Tettey
|PTS
|12
|31 May 1950
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|{{small|'''West African Flyweight Title'''}}
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|10–2–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Bola Lawal
|TKO
|5 (6)
|Mar 01, 1950
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|10–1–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Bob Emmanuel
|TKO
|4 (12)
|Dec 26, 1949
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Railway Stadium, Lagos 
|align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Flyweight Title'''}}
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|9–1–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Dick Turpin
|DQ
|5 (12)
|Nov 28, 1949
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Flyweight Title'''}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|9–0–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Texas Kid
|PTS
|10
|26 October 1949
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos
|align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Flyweight Title'''}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|8–0–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Dick Turpin
|PTS
|12
|27 July 1949
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Lagos, Nigeria]]
|align=left|{{small|'''Nigerian Flyweight Title'''}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|7–0–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Jack Sala
|TKO
|4 (6))
|27 Jul 1949
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Royal Hotel, Lagos 
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|6–0–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|Ghana}} Ogli Tettey
|PTS
|12
|28 Mar 1949
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos 
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|5–0–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Jack Sala
|TKO
|4 (6)
|31 January 1949
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} African Tennis Club, Lagos 
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|4–0–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Hurry Kid
|KO
|4 (6)
|30 December 1948
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Lagos 
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|3–0–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Hurry Kid
|PTS
|6
|29 November 1948
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Lagos 
|
|-
|{{draw}}Draw
|2–0–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Bolo Lawal
|PTS
|6
|26 May 1948
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos 
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|2–0
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Jack Sala
|PTS
|6
|6 February 1948
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Lagos 
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|1–0
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} Jimmy Brown
|PTS
|6
|28 November 1947
|align=left|{{flagicon|Nigeria|colonial}} African Tennis Club, Lagos 
|
|}

== Hụkwa ==


== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Boxing record for Hogan Bassey from BoxRec (registration required)
* https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/National_Boxing_Association%27s_Quarterly_Ratings:_1957
* https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/National_Boxing_Association%27s_Quarterly_Ratings:_1958
* https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/National_Boxing_Association%27s_Quarterly_Ratings:_1959

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sarraounia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Wikipedian12512</username>
        <id>61424</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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'''Sarraounia Mangou''' bụ onye isi / onye ụkọchukwu nke ndị animist Azna nke [[Ndi Haụsa|Ndị Hausa]], bụ ndị lụrụ ndị agha French nke Voulet-Chanoine Mission na Agha nke Lougou (na [[Niger]] nke oge a) na arọ 1899. Ọ bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri 1986 ''Sarraounia'' nke dabeere na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke otu aha nke onye edemede Naijiria bụ Abdoulaye Mamani.&lt;ref name=&quot;alou2009&quot; /&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Antoinette Tidjani Alou|authorlink=Antoinette Tidjani Alou|date=Spring 2009|title=Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_spring-2009_40_1/page/42|journal=Research in African Literatures|volume=40|issue=1|pages=42–56|doi=10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAntoinette_Tidjani_Alou2009&quot;&gt;[[Antoinette Tidjani Alou]] (Spring 2009). &quot;Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership&quot;. ''Research in African Literatures''. '''40''' (1): 42–56. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42|10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42]]. [[JSTOR (ihe njirimara)|JSTOR]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/30131185 30131185]. [[S2CID (ihe njirimara)|S2CID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145389844 145389844].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==   Akụkọ ndụ ==
''Sarraounia'' pụtara ''eze nwanyị'' ma ọ bụ ''onyeisi nwanyị'' n'asụsụ ndị Hausa. N'etiti ndị Azna nke Lougou na obodo na obodo nta ndị gbara ya okirikiri, okwu ahụ na-ezo aka n'agbụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-achị achị nke na-eji ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke okpukpe eme ihe. &lt;ref name=&quot;alou2009&quot; /&gt;Sarraounia Mangou bụ onye a ma ama n'ime ndị Sarraounias n'ihi nguzogide ya megide ndị agha French na-achị na Agha nke Lougou na 1899. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị isi nọ na Niger na-edo onwe ha n'okpuru ike ndị France, Sarraounia Mangou kpọkọtara ndị mmadụ na ihe onwunwe ya iji lụso ndị agha France nke Voulet-Chanoine Mission ọgụ, nke malitere mwakpo siri ike na isi obodo ya nke Lougou.  &lt;ref name=&quot;alou2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hares Sayed|title=War, Violence, Terrorism, and Our Present World: A Timeline of Modern Politics|url=https://archive.org/details/warviolenceterro0000hare|publisher=[[Xlibris]]|year=2017|isbn=978-1543419009}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;better&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;source&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

N'ịbụ ndị ike égbè dị elu nke ndị France meriri, ya na ndị agha ya si n'ebe e wusiri ike ahụ pụọ, wee tinye ndị mwakpo ahụ n'ọgụ ndị agha okpuru ogologo oge nke mechara manye ndị France ịhapụ ọrụ ha nke imeri ya.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme si kwuo, sarraounia ọ bụ onye amoosu nwere anya odo odo nke nwere ike ịgba ndị mwakpo ọkụ ma kpọọ ọbụna igwe ojii iji nyere ha aka ịpụ n'aka ndị agha France. A na-ekwu na ọmarịcha anwansi ya kpochapụrụ nzọụkwụ ndị agha ya n'ọgbọ agha na ihe ọkụkụ ọ bụla a gbara ọkụ ka ọ bụrụ ntụ na-etolite n'otu abalị na ihe karịrị nri zuru ezu iji mee ka ndị agha na-aga.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

==     Ihe odide ==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;alou2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author=Antoinette Tidjani Alou|author-link=Antoinette Tidjani Alou|date=Spring 2009|title=Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_spring-2009_40_1/page/42|journal=Research in African Literatures|volume=40|issue=1|pages=42–56|doi=10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42|jstor=30131185|s2cid=145389844}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Osimiri Benue</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-14T19:58:01Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Wikipedian12512</username>
        <id>61424</id>
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[[File:Benue 10.38241E 8.69279N.jpg|thumb|Osimiri Benue]]
. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Njeuma|first=Martin Zachary|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf|title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901|publisher=University of London|year=1969|pages=13}}&lt;/ref&gt;tsare Benue ( French &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;), nke a na-akpọbu kwụ Chadda ma ọ bụ Tchadda, bụ isi iyi nke osimiri Niger, [1] nwere ogologo ihe dịka 1,400 kilometers (870 mi) ogologo na ihe ogologo nke nta ka ọ  bụrụ na ị na-agagharị n'oge ụnwapụta.  Ogo nke ɔdɔ mmiri ya dị 319,000 km2 .  [2] N'ihi ya, ọ bụ ụzọ njem dị mkpa na mpaghara ndị ọ na-esi na ya na-agafe.  [3] Aha Benue sitere na Binuwe nke putara 'Nne nke mmiri mmiri' n'asusu Batta .

. &lt;ref name=&quot;Nseyen&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|accessdate=July 4, 2023|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ndị ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị na-ahụ na-abụ (NEMA), mere “nyocha njikwa ihe egwu dị egwu” ma dụọ ndị ministri, ngalaba na ụlọ ọrụ (MDAs) ọdụ ka ha mee ihe ngwa ngwa ebeta.  nchebe ihu igwe.  Ndị ọrụ ahụ dụrụ ọdụ ka a na-ekpochapụ ozu mmiri n'ofe ụfọdụ steeti ma na-awụsa ya mgbe nile iji mee ka mmiri dị iche iche.  Onye ọrụ ahụ gwara ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa ka ha na-eme egwuregwu oge niile nke sịrị mmiri na mmiri iji hụ na a na-agba ọsọ usoro iwu ọrụ ha maka ɔdɔ mmirika.

Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe mberede na Naijiria (NEMA) mere “nyocha njikwa ihe egwu ọdachi” ma dụọ ndị ministri, ngalaba na ụlọ ọrụ (MDAs) ọdụ ka ha mee ihe ngwa ngwa iji belata mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dụrụ ọdụ ka a na-ekpochapụ ozu mmiri n'ofe ụfọdụ steeti ma na-awụsa ya mgbe nile iji mee ka mmiri dị iche iche. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gwara ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa ka ha na-eme nyocha oge niile nke mgbochi mmiri na mmiri iji hụ na a na-agbaso usoro iwu ọrụ ha maka ọdọ mmiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;Nseyen&quot;/&gt;

. &lt;ref name=&quot;Babangida&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|accessdate=July 4, 2023|work=Premium Times Nigeria|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'October 2022, ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ na Adamawa steeti ịgbasiri ike ikpochapụ ihe n'ihe kpatara nke idei mmiri bibiri na idaduro Benue.  Ɔdachi idei mmiri ahụ kpasuru ọtụtụ obodo n'ofe steeti iri atọ na isii dị na, ebe ọtụtụ obodo na ime obodo mekpuru na mmiri.  Ɔdachi ahụ echekwabara ihe ụmụaka nde mmadụ 2.4 yana ihe butere 600 ka ede iwu.  Na mgbakwunye, iherụrụ nnukwu hectare nke ala ubi n'ofe steeti ọkụ

. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/&lt;/ref&gt;N'ụbọchị ngosi, September 23, 2022, Iju mmiri mmiri mpaghara ime obodo niile nke Benue, ka Kọmishana na-ahụ maka mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi na steeti ahụ, Godwin Oyiwona kwuru.  Ide mmiri ahụ mmetụta Makurdi, Agatu, Logo, Guma, Buruku, Otukpo, na Gwer-West .  [1] Gọọmenti na-agba mbọ iebelata ike idei mmiri ma wepụta ego maka ihicha Basin Idye.

Ihe kacha njọ bụ ndị bi n'ime obodo ndị na-akọ ugbo na-anabata isi iyi nke osimiri Benue nke gbapụrụ iche ime obodo asaa n'ime 21 dị na steeti ahụ.  N'ime ụnwa atọ, mmiri gbara n'okpuru 12 Local Government Area (LGAs), nke ịdị 82,730, 13,788, mmadụ 51 iru ahụ, na 27 nwụrụ.  Ebibirikwa ala ubi nke ruru ikike naịra otu ahụ.

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/|title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue|work=theglittersonline.com.ng|date=January 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|accessdate=July 4, 2023|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=July 4, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704011104/https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/}}&lt;/ref&gt;Onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari mepere ọrụ 3.35-km drainage channel na Makurdi, Benue, iji gboo nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na Idye Community.  [1] Ọrụ ahụ, nke ọrụ aka nke 17, nke Onye isi ala na-akpa nke anɔ nke 2017 wee mechaa n'ime izu 48. Ihe oru ngo a bu n'obi ileba anya n'ihe ojoo nke mbuze na  idei mmiri n'ime obodo, gosiputara nkwekorita Gọọmenti etiti n'ịkwado nsogbu na ime ka ndụ baara ụmụ amaala uru.

=== 2017 Iju Mmiri ===
. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|accessdate=July 4, 2023|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;News Agency of Nigeria (NAN), na-akọ na Idye Community bụ otu n'ime ebe nchegbu nke idei mmiri 2017 nke chụpụrụ ihe ụmụaka 120,000 [1] na isi obodo Benue, Makurdi .  Iju mmiri ebibiela ihe mkpọsa 200 na Makurdi

Steeti Benue bụ ihu igwe Savanna na-ekpo ọkụ. Dabere na nyocha, ọ na-ekpo ọkụ kwa ọnwa n'oge oge niile nke afọ ma mmiri na nkụ. Okpomọkụ kwa afọ bụ ogo 64 ma enwere ihe dịka inch 244 nke mmiri ozuzo n'ime otu afọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature|url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/|accessdate=2023-09-20|work=www.besttravelmonths.com|language=en|archivedate=2023-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101061854/https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Steeti ahụ nwere nkezi iru mmiri nke 61%, ebe igirigi bụ 25&amp;nbsp;Celsius C, ihe UV-index nke 7 na ọ bụ isi; y kpọrọ nkụ maka ụbọchị 169 n'ime otu afọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi|accessdate=2023-09-20|work=www.timeanddate.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Benue Hike Tourism and Conservation Foundation, n'ịgbalị ichebe osimiri ahụ pụọ n'ụdị mmetọ dị iche iche, gwara [[Ȯra Benue|Gọọmenti steeti Benue]] maka mmejọ ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na steeti ahụ na-eme n'ihi ịkwasa ihe mkpofu n'osimiri ahụ. A tụbara ihe mkpofu dị ka ethanol, nke nwere ike imebi ndụ mmadụ na nke mmiri n'ụzọ dị mfe na osimiri Benue. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Gọọmenti Benue Steeti mere mgbalị ngwa ngwa n'ịkwado okwu ahụ iji gbochie mmebi ọzọ maka ụmụ amaala ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Orsar|first=Hembadoon|date=April 18, 2023|title=Benue River Pollution: You Have Failed, Ortom Tells 3 Commissioners|url=https://leadership.ng/benue-river-pollution-you-have-failed-ortom-tells-3-commissioners/|accessdate=July 6, 2023|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Charles|first=John|date=2023-04-17|title=Ortom orders firm’s probe for alleged River Benue pollution|url=https://punchng.com/ortom-orders-firms-probe-for-alleged-river-benue-pollution/|accessdate=2023-07-26|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sunday|first=Ochogwu|date=2023-04-17|title=Biotech company accused of polluting River Benue with cassava plant waste|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/17/biotech-company-accused-of-polluting-river-benue-with-cassava-plant-waste/|accessdate=2023-07-26|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnukwu osimiri bụ Osimiri Faro, Osimiri Gongola na Mayo Kébbi, nke jikọtara ya na Osimiri Logone (akụkụ nke usoro ọdọ mmiri Chad ) n'oge [[idei mmiri]] . Osimiri ndị ọzọ gụnyere osimiri Taraba na River Katsina Ala . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River|accessdate=July 3, 2023|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ebe a na-akpakọrịta, Benue karịrị [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Niger]] site na olu. Mwepu pụtara tupu 1960 bụ 3,477 cubic metres per second (122,800 cu ft/s) maka Benue na 2,863 cubic metres per second (101,100 cu ft/s) maka [[Niger]] . N'ime iri afọ ndị sochirinụ, imipu mmiri nke osimiri abụọ ahụ belatara nke ukwuu n'ihi ogbugba mmiri n'ubi .

Osimiri Benue rikpuru n'October 2012, butere nnukwu mmụba n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agwọ ọjọọ na mpaghara Duguri, n'okpuru ọchịchị Alkaleri, [[Ȯra Bauchi|steeti Bauchi]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|accessdate=July 3, 2023|work=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akụkọ e mere na Julaị afọ 2013 gosiri na ihe karịrị mmadụ 200 nọ n'ógbè ahụ anwụọla n'ihi tara agwọ . Ụlọ ọgwụ General dị na Kaltungo, [[Ȯra Gombe|Gombe State]] na Nigeria, bụ ebe kacha nso maka ọgwụgwọ agwọ; &quot;Onye ọ bụla nwere ihu ọma ịga Kaltungo, a na-agwọ ya naanị n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ma mesịa laghachi n'ụlọ.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;allafrica1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Agbo|first=Catherine|title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi|work=allAfrica.com|accessdate=May 11, 2014|date=July 22, 2013|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=June 22, 2021|title=Bauchi residents groan over snakebites|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/|accessdate=July 3, 2023|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=July 3, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703123305/https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Pierre Verger</title>
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      <text bytes="5010" sha1="7xy9s276ggudam6iy3e17x8hxzl2eoo" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pierrer Verger 1952.jpg|thumb|Pierre Verger]]
Ya&lt;ref&gt;Carole Cusack, Alex Norman Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production 2012- Page 480 &quot;... were the french anthropologists Pierre Verger (1902–1996) and [[Roger Bastide]] (1898–1974), who both turned out to be a kind of 'culture hero' for both Candomblé and the afro-brazilian people.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;'''Pierre Edouard Leopold Verger''', onye a na&amp;#x2D; ''''''Fátumbí'''''' ma ọ bụ Fátúmbí (4 Nọvemba 1902, na Paris - 11 Febụwarị 1996, na Salvador, Brazil) bụ onye na-ese foto, onye na-akụziri onwe ya ethnographer, na ''Babalawo'' (onye ụkọchukwu [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] nke Ifà) onye tinyere ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya n'ịmụ banyere [[Afrịka|Ndị Afrịka]] - Ahịa ohu, okpukpe ndị dabeere n'Afrịka nke ụwa ọhụrụ, na omenala na akụ na ụba si na Afrịka.

== Ndụ ==
Mgbe ọ dị afọ 30, mgbe ezinụlọ ya nwụnahụrụ, Pierre Verger malitere ọrụ nke onye na-ese foto. N'ime afọ 15 sochirinụ, ọ gara kọntinenti anọ ahụ, na-edepụta ọtụtụ mmepeanya ndị Ebe ọ na-aga gụnyere Tahiti (1933); United States, Japan, na China (1934 na 1937); [[Italy|Ịtali]], [[Spain]], Sudan ([[Mali]] ugbu a), [[Niger]], Upper Volta, [[Togo]] na Dahomey ([[Benin]] ugbu a, 1935); West Indies (1936); Mexico (1937, 1939, na 1957); Philippines na Indochina (Thailand ugbu a, Laos, Cambodia na Vietnam, 1938); Guatemala na [[Ecuador]] (1939); [[Senegal]] (dị ka onye agha, 1940); [[Argentina]] (1941), [[Peru]] na [[Bolivia]] (1942 na 1946); na n'ikpeazụ [[Brazil]] (1946). gosipụtara foto ya ''Ndụ'' magazin ndị dị ka ''Paris-Soir'', Daily Mirror (n'okpuru aha nzuzo nke &quot;Mr. Lensman&quot;), Life, na Paris Match, na n'afọ 1955, onye nlekọta Edward Steichen họọrọ ihe osise ya nke ụmụ nwanyị atọ na-ebu arịa okooko osisi n'isi turbaned maka ihe ngosi MoMA nke 1955 The Family of Man, nke nde ndị ọbịa 9 hụrụ.

N'obodo Salvador, Brazil ọ hụrụ ebe na ndị mmadụ n'anya, ma kpebie ịnọrọ maka ọdịmma. N'ịbụ onye nwere mmasị na akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala obodo, ọ tụgharịrị site n'aka onye na-ese foto na-ezighị ezi gaa n'aka onye nchọpụta nke ndị si mba Africa na America.. Njem ndị sochirinụ lekwasịrị anya na ebumnuche ahụ: ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke Africa na Paramaribo (1948), Haiti (1949), na Cuba (1957). Mgbe ọ gụsịrị omenala [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] na mmetụta ya na [[Brazil]], Verger ghọrọ onye mbido nke okpukpe Candomblé, ma na-eduzi ememe ya. N'oge ọ gara [[Benin]], a malitere ya na Ifá (ịgba afa), ọ ghọrọ ''Babalawo'' (onye ụkọchukwu) nke Orunmila, a gụgharịrị ya ''Fátumbí'' (&quot;onye a mụrụ ọzọ site na onye amụma Ifá&quot;).

Ntinye aka Veger na ethnography gụnyere n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ọgbakọ, akụkọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ., &lt;ref&gt;
 {{Cite book|author=Pierre Verger|title=Note sur le culte des orisha e vodoun à Bahia de Tous les Saints au Brésil et à l'ancienne Côte des Esclaves; republished in 1982 by [[Corrupio]], Brazil|series=Memoire|publisher=IFAN, [[Dakar]], Senegal|language=French|year=1951}}
&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;
 {{Cite book|author=Pierre Verger|title=Fluxo e Refluxo do tráfico de escravos entre o golfo de Benin e a Bahia de Todos os Santos|publisher=Corrupio|language=Portuguese|year=1985}}
&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;
 {{Cite book|author=Pierre Verger|title=Ewé, o uso de plantas na sociedade ioruba|publisher=Odebrecht and [[Companhia das Letras]], Brazil|year=1995|language=Portuguese}}
&lt;/ref&gt; ma bụrụ nke Mahadum Sorbonne nabatara, nke nyere ya nzere doctoral (Docteur 3eme Cycle) na 1966 - ihe dị egwu maka onye hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mgbe ọ dị afọ 17.

Verger nọgidere na-amụ na idekọ isiokwu ọ họọrọ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na Salvador, mgbe ọ dị afọ 93.. N'oge ahụ, ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ na Mahadum Federal nke Bahia na 1973, ebe ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka nguzobe Afro-Brazilian Museum na Salvador; ma jee ozi dị ka prọfesụ nleta na [[Mahadum nke Obafemi Awolowo|Mahadum nke Ifé]] na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. Ụlọ ọrụ -enweghị uru Pierre Verger Foundation [pt] na Salvador, nke o guzobere iji gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ ya, nwere ihe karịrị foto 63,000 na ihe ndị na-adịghị mma e sere ruo 1973, yana akwụkwọ ya na akwụkwọ ozi ya.

&lt;ref&gt;Pierre Fatumbi Verger: ''Mensageiro Entre Dois Mundos''. Movie, Brazil (1998).&lt;/ref&gt; Edere ndụ ya n'akwụkwọ Jérôme Souty na ihe nkiri. &lt;ref&gt;
 {{Cite book|author=Jérôme Souty|title=Pierre Fatumbi Verger. Du Regard Détaché à la Connaissance Initiatique|publisher=Maisonneuve &amp; Larose, Paris|year=2007|pages=520|language=French}}                       ; 

 
Jérôme Souty (2011) (in Portuguese) ''Pierre Fatumbi Verger. Do Olhar livre ao conhecimento iniciatico'', Terceiro Nome, São Paulo, 446 p.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==</text>
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      <text bytes="10615" sha1="bdm25she8a4h6tr91eq3kcnfbaeh7dy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film|name=The Sheltering Sky|caption=Theatrical release poster by [[Renato Casaro]]|director=[[Bernardo Bertolucci]]|producer=[[Jeremy Thomas]]|screenplay={{ubl|[[Mark Peploe]]|Bernardo Bertolucci}}|based_on={{basedon|''[[The Sheltering Sky]]''|[[Paul Bowles]]}}|starring={{plainlist|
* [[Debra Winger]]
* [[John Malkovich]]
* [[Campbell Scott]]
* [[Jill Bennett (British actress)|Jill Bennett]]
* [[Timothy Spall]]
* Eric Vu-An}}|music=[[Ryuichi Sakamoto]]|cinematography=[[Vittorio Storaro]]|editing=[[Gabriella Cristiani]]|studio=[[Recorded Picture Company]]|distributor=[[Warner Bros.]]|released=14 December 1990|runtime=138 minutes|country=United Kingdom&lt;br&gt;Italy|language=English|budget=$25 million|gross=$2 million}}{{Databox}}

The Sheltering Sky bụ Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke Britain na Ịtali nke Bernardo Bertolucci duziri na Debra Winger na John Malkovich. Ihe nkiri a dabeere na akwụkwọ akụkọ 1949 nke otu aha ahụ nke Paul Bowles (onye pụtara na ọrụ cameo) banyere di na nwunye na-aga North Africa na-enwe olileanya ịmaliteghachi alụmdi na nwunye ha mana n'oge na-adịghị anya na-adaba n'ihe ize ndụ ndị gbara ha gburugburu. Akụkọ ahụ mechiri na nwoke ahụ dara ọrịa siri ike n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ nke ọzara Sahara, ebe ihe omume ahụ si ghọọ ọdachi.

== Atụmatụ ==
Ndị America atọ si New York rutere Oran, French Algeria na 1947. Port Moresby na nwunye ya Kit na enyi ha George Tunner na njem nke ga-eduga ha n'ime ọzara Sahara. Tunner na-ekwu, &quot;Anyị nwere ike ịbụ ndị njem nleta mbụ ha nwere kemgbe agha ahụ,&quot; nke Kit na-azaghachi &quot;Anyị abụghị ndị njem nlegharị anya. Anyị bụ ndị njem. &quot;Ọ bụ ezie na Tunner na'afọ atụmatụ ịlaghachi n'ụlọ n'ime izu ole na ole, Port na Kit na-eme atụmatụ ịnọ otu afọ ma ọ bụ abụọ.

Ka ha na-echere njem gaa na họtel, ìgwè ahụ zutere ndị njem abụọ Bekee, Oriakụ Lyle, onye na-ede akwụkwọ njem, na Eric, nwa ya nwoke toro eto. Nne Eric na-eme ka ọ ghara inwe ego mgbe niile n'ihi ya ọ na-arịọ maka ụgwọ na mgbazinye ego mgbe niile. Mgbe ha rutere na họtel ahụ, ha nọdụrụ n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ họtel ahụ ma otu agadi nwoke nọ naanị ya na tebụl na-ele ha anya.

Port kpọrọ Kit ka ọ soro ya gaa ije n'obodo ahụ. Mgbe ọ jụrụ ma jụ ọchịchọ ịhụnanya ya, Port ji iwe pụọ. N'oge ọ na-agagharị, ọ zutere onye na-ere ahịa nke mere ka ọ mata nwanyị akwụna nọ n'ogige ndị Berber. Ha abụọ nwere mmekọahụ ma nwanyị akwụna ahụ na-anwa izuru obere akpa ya. Port na-apụ ngwa ngwa ma otu ìgwè mmadụ chụpụ ya n'ogige ahụ.

N'ụtụtụ echi ya, Tunner rutere n'ọnụ ụlọ Kit iji kpọrọ ya zụta ihe. N'achọghị ka Tunner mara na Port nọrọ n'èzí abalị niile, ọ wepụrụ mkpuchi ahụ n'àkwà ya iji mee ka o yie ka ọ na-ehi ụra n'ebe ahụ. Ka Kit na Tunner na-akwadebe ịpụ, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-adịghị mma rutere. N'ịhụ àkwà ya, ọ na-eche na Tunner na Kit nọrọ n'abalị.

Port na Kit zutere Lyles ọzọ ma nye ha ụgbọ ala ha gaa Boucif, ebe ha na-aga ọzọ, mana a gwara ha na enweghị ohere maka Tunner. Port na Lyles na-anabata njem ahụ ka Kit na Tunner na-abanye n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Tunner na Kit na-aṅụ champagne ma teta n'ụtụtụ echi ya n'ime ụlọ nkwari akụ Kit mgbe ha na-ahapụ mmanya.

N'inwe obi abụọ banyere mmekọrịta Kit na Tunner, Port mere ndokwa ka Eric Lyle nye Tunner njem gaa Messad na-ekwu na Port na Kit ga-ezute ya mgbe e mesịrị. Eric kwetara ma zuo paspọtụ Port.

Na Bounoura, Port chọpụtara paspọtụ ya furu efu. Ọbụna mgbe ndị ọrụ obodo gwara ya na enwere ike ịchọta paspọtụ ahụ na Messad, Port kpebiri iji bọs gaa El Ga'a na Kit iji zere nzukọ ya na Tunner. N'oge njem ahụ, Port na-ebute ịba ahụ ọkụ. Họtel ahụ agaghị anabata ha n'ihi egwu nke ibute ọrịa. Kit na-ebugharị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na-enweghị uche gaa na post French Foreign Legion, mana ọ nweghị dọkịta ma ọ na-elekọta ya n'onwe ya, na-aghọwanye onye na-enweghị olileanya na ọnọdụ ya. O mechara nwụọ n'akụkụ ya n'ime ụlọ ha. Kit hapụrụ ozu ahụ wee gaa naanị ya na Sahara.

Kit na-awagharị n'ọzara ruo mgbe ọ rịọrọ ka Ụgbọ okporo ígwè kamel nke Targui, Belqassim na-edu. Mgbe ndị njem ahụ rutere n'ụlọ ya na [[Niger]], Belqassim mere Kit ka ọ bụrụ nwata nwoke ma kpọchie ya n'ụlọ ndị ọbịa. Ọ bụ ezie na a dọọrọ ya n'agha, Kit nabatara ọganihu Belqassim ma ha abụọ malitere mmekọrịta. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị nwunye Belqassim chọpụtara Kit, ndị nyere ya iwu ka ọ pụọ. Kit na-ahụ onwe ya n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi n'ahịa dị n'ógbè ahụ ma bụrụ onye otu ìgwè mmadụ na-etinye aka. N'ikpeazụ, ndị ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nnọchi anya mba Amerịka chọtara ya, onye ogbi na onye fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye isi mgbaka, n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị Katọlik, bụ ndị Tunner, onye chọtara ili Port, kpaliri ịchọ ya. A kpọghachiri ya na Tangier, a gwakwara ya na Tunner na-echere ya n'ebe ahụ. Mgbe o rutere na họtel ahụ, Kit gbalaga n'ime obodo tupu Tunner ezute ya.

== Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==
 

== Mmeghachi omume ==
Onye nchịkọta nyocha Rotten Tomatoes kọrọ na pasent 45 nke ndị nkatọ nyere ihe nkiri ahụ nyocha dị mma, dabere na nyocha 29. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-sheltering-sky-1991|title=The Sheltering Sky movie review (1991) &amp;#124; Roger Ebert}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/marketing/thedancerupstairs/reviews/8r.html|title=The Sheltering Sky - New York Times Review|accessdate=5 May 2013|work=The New York Times|first=Vincent|author=Canby|date=12 December 1990}}&lt;/ref&gt; ahụ chịkọtara, sị: &quot;The Sheltering Sky na-etinye kpakpando ya nwere nkà na-emegide mgbanwe na-ezighi ezi na nke na-adịghị mma nke ihe ndị nwere ike ọ gaghị ekwe omume. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sheltering_sky/|title=Rotten Tomatoes - The Sheltering Sky|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=20 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti ndị na-eto ihe nkiri ahụ bụ onye na-enyocha ihe nkiri ''The New York Times'' Vincent Canby, onye kọwara ya dị ka &quot;ogologo, nke mara mma nke enweghị olileanya. &quot; Roger Ebert nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando abụọ, na-ekwu na ọ &quot;ahapụ ya na mmetụta nke mkpịsị aka m na-emechi ikuku&quot;. &quot;

== Nnyocha ==
&lt;ref&gt;The Beat Generation and Counterculture: Paul Bowles, William S. Burroughs, Jack Kerouac; Raj Chandarlapaty; Peter Lang, 2009; page 36&lt;/ref&gt; edemede Raj Chandarlapaty na-ekwu na ihe nkiri Bertolucci na-arụ &quot;ọrụ dị ịrịba ama na-eme ka foto Belqassim dị ụtọ maka ndị na-ekiri ya taa&quot;, n'adịghị ka &quot;obi ọjọọ&quot; nke agwa akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ.

&lt;ref name=&quot;Bowles&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bowles|first=Paul|title=The Sheltering Sky|publisher=The Ecco Press|date=1998|pages=[https://archive.org/details/shelteringsk00bowl/page/n8 5]|isbn=9780880015820|url=https://archive.org/details/shelteringsk00bowl}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 1998, Paul Bowles dere okwu mbido ọhụrụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ebe o kwuru &quot;ihe ole na ole a na-ekwu maka ihe nkiri ahụ ugbu a, ọ ka mma&quot;.

== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Ndị a họpụtara
!Nsonaazụ
|-
|Ihe nrite nke Boston Society of Film Critics&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bostonfilmcritics.org/past-winners-1990s/|title=BSFC Winners: 1990s|work=[[Boston Society of Film Critics]]|date=27 July 2018|accessdate=July 5, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma
|Vittorio Storaro (nke (nakwa maka Dick Tracy) ) | {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ihe nrite British Academy Film&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1991/film|title=BAFTA Awards: Film in 1991|work=[[BAFTA]]|year=1991|accessdate=16 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma
|Vittorio Storaro| {{Won}}
|-
|Nhazi mmepụta kacha mma
|Gianni Silvestri| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Ihe nrite Golden Ciak
|Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Bernardo Bertolucci| {{Won}}
|-
|Onye nduzi kacha mma| {{Won}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma
|Vittorio Storaro| {{Won}}
|-
|Nhazi Kasị Mma
|Gabriella Cristiani| {{Nom}}
|-
|Nhazi mmepụta kacha mma
|Gianni Silvestri| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ihe nrite Golden Globe&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/sheltering-sky|title=The Sheltering Sky – Golden Globes|work=[[HFPA]]|accessdate=July 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Onye nduzi kacha mma
|Bernardo Bertolucci| {{Nom}}
|-
|Egwuregwu Kasị Mma
|Ryuichi Sakamoto na Richard Horowitz| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ihe nrite nke Los Angeles Film Critics Association&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lafca.net/Years/1990.php|title=The 16th Annual Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|work=[[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]|accessdate=July 5, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma
|Vittorio Storaro| {{Runner-up}}
|-
|Egwú Kasị Mma
|Ryuichi Sakamoto na Richard Horowitz| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nastro nke Argento
|Onye nduzi kacha mma
|Bernardo Bertolucci| {{Nom}}
|-
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma
|Vittorio Storaro| {{Won}}
|-
|Ihe nrite National Society of Film Critics&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nationalsocietyoffilmcritics.com/about-2/|title=Past Awards|work=[[National Society of Film Critics]]|date=19 December 2009|accessdate=July 5, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma
|Debra Winger| {{draw|3rd Place}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |New York Film Critics Circle Awards&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/nyfccas?year=1990|title=1990 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|work=[[Mubi (streaming service)|Mubi]]|accessdate=July 5, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Onye nduzi kacha mma
|Bernardo Bertolucci| {{Runner-up}}
|-
|Onye na-ese ihe nkiri kacha mma
|Vittorio Storaro| {{Won}}
|}

== Akara ụda ==
 
Akara ụda, nke Ryuichi Sakamoto dere, meriri Golden Globe Award maka Best Original Score na LAFCA Award maka Best Music.

== Ihe edeturu ==
.{{Reflist}}

== Edensibia ==

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] The Sheltering Sky (The Ecco Press), 1998.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88001-582-9|0-88001-582-9]]

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|id=0100594|title=The Sheltering Sky}}
* [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=shelteringsky.htm Eluigwe Na-echebe na Box Office Mojo]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Asụsụ West Chadic</title>
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*

[[Usòrò:Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Ndị isi na-asụ asụsụ Chadic na Naịjirịa]]
[[Usòrò:Hausa_language_map.png|thumb|253x253px|Ebe ndị na-asụ asụsụ Hausa na Naijiria na Niger]]
[[Usòrò:Chadic-West.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Nchịkọta nke Roger Blench (2020) nke West Chadic B]]
A na-asụ '''Asụsụ West Chadic''' nke ezinụlọ Afro-Asia karịsịa na [[Niger]] na Nigeria. Ha gụnyere Hausa, Asụsụ Chadic kachasị na asụsụ bụ isi nke West Africa.

== Asụsụ ==
Alaka nke West Chadic &lt;ref&gt;Blench, Roger. 2006. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] (ms)&lt;/ref&gt;-aga ma ọ bụ site na aha ma ọ bụ mkpụrụedemede na nọmba n'usoro nhazi.

* '''[[Hausa–Gwandara languages|Hausa–Gwandara]]''' (A.1): [[Asụsụ Hausa|Hausa]], [[Asụsụ Gwandara|Gwandara]]
* '''Bole–Angas''' (?)
** '''Bole–Tangale''' (A.2)
*** North (Bole proper): [[Bure language|Bure]], [[Karai-Karai|Karekare]], Bole, [[Gera language|Gera]], [[Geruma language|Geruma]], [[Asusu Deno|Deno]], Galambu, [[Asụsụ Giiwo|Giiwo]], [[Kubi language|Kubi]], [[Ngamo language|Ngamo]], [[Asụsụ Maaka|Maaka]] (Maagha), Ɓeele, [[Dazawa language|Daza]] (Dazawa), ?Pali
*** South (Tangale): [[Asụsụ Kwaami|Kwaami]], Pero, [[Piya language|Piya-Kwonci]], [[Kholok language|Kholok]], [[Asụsụ ndị Nyam|Nyam]], Kushi (Goji), [[Asụsụ Kutto|Kutto]] (Kupto), [[Tangale language|Tangale]], [[Kanakuru language|Dera]] (Kanakuru)
** '''[[Asụsụ Angas|Angas]]''' ('''[[Asụsụ Angas|Central West Chadic]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blench|first=Roger|authorlink=Roger Blench|date=2019|title=Jakato: an undocumented language of Central Nigeria|url=https://www.academia.edu/40680338}}&lt;/ref&gt;)''' (A.3)&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench2017&quot;&gt;Blench, Roger. 2017. [https://www.academia.edu/35507157/CURRENT_RESEARCH_ON_THE_A3_WEST_CHADIC_LANGUAGES Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages].&lt;/ref&gt;'''
*** Ngasic: [[Ngas language|Ngas]] (Angas), Belnəng
*** Mwaghavulic: [[Mwaghavul language|Mwaghavul]], Mupun (Mapun), Takas (Toos); [[Cakfem-Mushere language|Cakfem-Mushere]]
*** [[Miship language|Miship]] (Chip)
*** Pan cluster
**** [[Chakato language|Chakato/Jorto]]
**** Jipal, Mernyang (Mirriam), Kwagallak, Kofyar (Doemak), Bwol, Goram, Jibyal
*** Nteng
*** Tel (Tɛɛl, [[Montol language|Montol]])
*** Talic: Tal, Pyapun, [[Koenoem language|Koenoem]]
*** Goemaic: Goemai
*** Yiwom (Ywom, Gerka)&lt;ref name=&quot;Blench2017&quot; /&gt;
** '''Ron''' (A.4):&lt;ref&gt;Blench, Roger. [https://www.academia.edu/9598030/Comparative_Ron_wordlist Comparative Ron wordlist].&lt;/ref&gt; [[Asụsụ Fyer|Fyer]], Tambas, Ron (Bokkos, Daffo-Butura, Mangar, Monguna), Shagawu, [[Duhwa language|Duhwa]] (Karfa), [[Asụsụ Kure|Kulere]] (Tof, Richa, Kamwai-Marhai), [[Asụsụ ndị Mundat|Mundat]], [[Sha language|Sha]]
* '''Bade–Warji''' (?)
** '''Bade''' (B.1): Duwai; Bade, Shira (†), [[Ngizim language|Ngizim]], Teshenawa (†), Auyokawa (†)
** '''Warji''' ('''North Bauchi'''&lt;ref&gt;Blench, Roger. 2012. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Archaeology/Africa/Background%20to%20the%20North%20Bauchi%20area.pdf Linguistic and cultural background to the North Bauchi region and the Wiihə people]''.&lt;/ref&gt;) (B.2): [[Asụsụ ndị Paʼa|Pa'a]]; Warji, Diri, [[Ciwogai language|Ciwogai]], [[Kariya language|Kariya]] (Vinahə), [[Mburku language|Mburku]], [[Miya language|Miya]], [[Asusu Siri|Siri]], [[Asụsụ Zumbun|Zumbun]] (Jimbin), Ajawa (†)
* '''Barawa''' ('''South Bauchi''') (B.3)
** '''Zaar''': [[Asụsụ Dass|Dass]]; Geji, Polci (Polchi), Saya, Zari, Zeem
** '''Guruntum''': Guruntum-Mbaaru, Ju, Tala, Zangwal
** '''Boghom''': [[Jimi language (Nigeria)|Jimi]], [[Jimi language (Nigeria)|Jum]]; Boghom, [[Kir-Balar language|Kir-Balar]], Mangas

Na mgbakwunye, a na-ekwu na Poki bụ West Chadic, mana enweghị data dị.

== Ọdịdị dị n'ime ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;Blažek&quot;&gt;Blažek, Václav. 2018. [https://www.academia.edu/38395395/ChadicWest_Numerals.pdf The numerals of West Chadic]. ''Topics in Chadic Linguistics IX''. Papers from the 8th Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages, Bayreuth, February 4–5, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Starostin, George. 2010. ''Afroasiatic classification: preliminary results of the modified glottochronological test''. Manuscript.&lt;/ref&gt; nke West Chadic nke George Starostin (2010) dị ka e gosipụtara na Blažek (2010):

* '''Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Chadic'''
** West Chadic A
*** [[Hausa–Gwandara languages|Hausa-Gwandara]]
*** (alaka) 
**** Ron
**** Bole-Angas
***** Bole-Tangale
***** [[Asụsụ Angas|Angas-Sura]]
** West Chadic B
*** Bade-Ngizim
*** Bauchi
**** Ebe Ugwu Bauchi
**** Ndịda Bauchi

Nchịkọta nke Roger Blench (2021) nke West Chadic: &lt;ref&gt;Blench, Roger. 2021. ''[https://www.academia.edu/46654471/The_erosion_of_number_marking_in_West_Chadic The erosion of number marking in West Chadic Roger Blench]''. WOCAL, Leiden.&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Chadic'''
** [[Hausa–Gwandara languages|Hausa-Gwandara]]
** Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Chadic
*** Ron
*** Bole-Tangale
*** Bade-Ngizim
*** Ebe Ugwu Bauchi
*** South Bauchi, [[Asụsụ Angas|A3]] (Central-West) 

== Nbudata ==
Nkesa nke alaka West Chadic: &lt;ref name=&quot;BlenchAtlas4&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Alaka
!Koodu
!Ebe ndị bụ isi
|+'''Nhazi nke alaka West Chadic'''&lt;ref name=&quot;BlenchAtlas4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|author=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|isbn=|location=Cambridge|pages=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;Blench, Roger (2019). ''An Atlas of Nigerian Languages'' (4th&amp;nbsp;ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Hausa–Gwandara languages|Hausa-Gwandara]]
|A1
|[[Niger]]&quot; id=&quot;mwAQc&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Northern Nigeria&quot;&gt;Ebe Ugwu Naịjirịa na Niger
|-
|Bole-Tangale
|A2
|Darazo LGA, Bauchi State; Yobe, Taraba, Gombe, Borno steeti
|-
|[[Asụsụ Angas|Angas]]
|A3
|Shendam na Mangu LGAs, Plateau State[[Ȯra Plateau|Steeti Plateau]]
|-
|Ron
|A4
|Mangu LGA, Plateau State[[Ȯra Plateau|Steeti Plateau]]
|-
|Bade
|B1
|Bade LGA, Borno Steeti[[Ȯra Borno|Steeti Borno]]
|-
|Ndịda Bauchi
|B2
|Darazo na Ningi LGAs, Bauchi State[[Ȯra Bauchi|Ógbè Bauchi]]
|-
|Ebe Ugwu Bauchi
|B3
|[[Bauchi]] Steeti (Toro, Dass, [[Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi|Tafawa Balewa]], Bauchi LGAs) 
|}

== Akụkọ banyere mgbasa ==
Roger Blench (2022) na-atụ aro na asụsụ West Chadic nwere ike ịgbasa site na mgbasa ọrụ ugbo na Central Nigeria, malite site na 3,000-4,000 afọ gara aga. Blench &lt;ref name=&quot;West Chadic Plateau&quot;&gt;Blench, Roger (2022). ''[https://www.academia.edu/89023379/Contact_between_West_Chadic_and_Plateau_languages_new_evidence_languages_new_evidence Contact between West Chadic and Plateau languages: new evidence languages: new evidence]''. 11–12 November 2022, presentation given at Universität Wien.&lt;/ref&gt;-ekwu na ọdịdị ọdịdị ọdịda anyanwụ nke West Chadic enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu site na asụsụ Plateau, ma eleghị anya n'ihi alụmdi na nwunye ogologo oge nke mere ka ndị West Chadic na-abata were ndị nwunye obodo na-asụ asụsụ Plateau.

== Ihe owuwu ==
Ọ bụ ezie na e bipụtara ọ dịghị nrụzigharị zuru oke nke West Chadic, Václav Blažek (2018) atụwo aro nrụzigharị nke nọmba maka West Chadic na obere ìgwè ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Blažek&quot;/&gt;

== Ọmụmụ ụdaolu ==
A na-ahụ ụdaume /kp/ na /gb/, nke a na-ahụkarị na Plateau na asụsụ Niger-Congo ndị ọzọ mana ọ bụghị ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'asụsụ Chadic, n'asụsụ Ron na ụfọdụ asụsụ [[Asụsụ Angas|West Chadic A3]] na Bole-Tangale. A gbaziri ụdaume ndị a n'asụsụ Plateau n'ihi mkpakọrịta siri ike. Otú &lt;ref name=&quot;West Chadic Plateau&quot;/&gt; dị, akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụdaume nke asụsụ Plateau na Niger-Congo dị ka ATR na ụdaume nkwekọrịta adịghị n'asụsụ West Chadic.

== Ọnụ ọgụgụ ==
Ntụnyere nke ọnụọgụ n'asụsụ ọ bụla: &lt;ref name=&quot;ChanNumeralsAA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/channumerals/Afro-Asiatic.htm|title=The Afro-Asiatic Language Phylum|author=Chan|first=Eugene|publisher=Numeral Systems of the World's Languages|date=2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;
!Nchịkọta
!Asụsụ
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
|-
|A, A.1
|[[Asụsụ Gwandara|Gwandara]]
|da
|bi
|úkù / úɡú (Nimbia dialect) 
|huru / furu (Nimbia dialect) 
|bìyàri / bìyàr (Nimbia dialect) 
|ʃídà / ʃídə́ (Nimbia dialect) 
|bákwè / boʔo (Nimbia dialect) 
|tákùʃì / táɡə́r (Nimbia dialect) 
|tárà / tãrã (Nimbia dialect) 
|ɡóm̀ / ɡóŋ̀ / ɡwóm (Nim. olumba) 
|-
|A, A.1
|[[Asụsụ Hausa|Ndị Hausa]]
|sheja
|bijú
|ʔúkù / ʔúkkù (West Hausa) 
|fúɗú
|Muji
|ʃídà / ʃíddà (West Hausa) 
|Bakwàiwu
|Tkwàs
|Tatar
|ɡóːmà
|-
|A, A.2, Bọl
|Bele
|móoɗì
|Bọl
|kúnú
|Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya
|Ịnọghachi
|bàccimooɗì
|Baawùló
|ɓóorùɗó (2 x 4) 
|ɓòowùnò
|bìmbáɗí
|-
|[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
|[[Karai-Karai|Karekare]]
|Ụmụ anụmanụ
|bèːlú
|N'ihi ya, ọ bụ
|fèːɗú
|bàːɗú
|bàcóːɗì (5 + 1) 
|bàcíbèːlú (5 + 2) 
|fífèːɗú (2 x 4) 
|Aphàn
|Ike n'obi
|-
|A, A.2, Bọl, Bọl kwesịrị ekwesị
|Bọl
|móoɗì
|bòláu
|Klọọvụ
|Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya
|bàɗì
|bàššimóoɗì
|Baawúló
|póorɗó (2 x 4) 
|ɓòonùm
|bìmbáɗí
|-
|A, A.2, Bọl, Bọl kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Bure language|Bure (Bubure)]]
|móɗé
|Maloo
|Klọsi
|Ọdịdị
|Baɗé
|Basumé
|b b bịlị (5+ 2) 
|Skọwa (2 x 4) 
|ɓárdzìmóɗé (10-1) 
|barbaɗè
|-
|A, A.2, Bọl, Bọl kwesịrị ekwesị
|Galambu
|Muuri
|m̀bàál
|kúun
|párya
|Boori
|bɪ́címɪ́n
|bùebe m̀bàl (5+ 2) 
|hórró
|bàryà múuri (10-1) 
|bar
|-
|A, A.2, Bọl, Bọl kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Gera language|Gera]]
|móóyi
|mbùlú
|Klọsi
|fúɗú
|Ịnọghachi
|beeshím
|bìccìmbùlú (5+ 2) 
|húrɗú
|ɓànìnjà / barija
|bàrɗí / barr
|-
|A, A.2, Bọl, Bọl kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Geruma language|Geruma]]
|m / m
|m̀bàalú / mbàalúŋ
|kúnú / kúnúŋ
|fúɗú / húɗúŋ
|Apụlị / bàalí
|Ọkụ na ụzụ
|bàzə̀mbalú (5+ 2) 
|húrɗú / úrɗúŋ
|ɓár ga-
|ɓârarì / ɓárári
|-
|A, A.2, Bọl, Bọl kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Kholok language|Kholok (Widala)]]
|ɗók
|pèlòw
|bún
|Perog
|faàt / faàr
|ebe a na-anọ
|paàlìlàw
|bìrbìròw / пиrpíròw
|Kọmbọ
|ɓùmmò
|-
|A, A.2, Bọl, Bọl kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Asụsụ Giiwo|Kirfi (Giiwo)]]
|móoɗì
|mbàlú
|Klọsi
|Faɗáu
|buɗ
|bìccúuni
|bìcímbàlu (5+ 2) 
|fórfáɗó (2 x 4) 
|bàr ya na-eme ihe nkiri (10-1) 
|pàtà
|-
|A, A.2, Bọl, Bọl kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Asụsụ Maaka|Maaka]]
|mōɗì
|bòllu
|kūǹ
|n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ya
|bà
|ebe a na-ahụ maka ihe
|N'ihi na ọ bụ na-eme ihe nkiri
|jìlai
|kwàlak
|bìmba
|-
|A, A.2, Bọl, Bọl kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Ngamo language|Ngamo]]
|Mọla
|bòlò
|kúnû
|musik̀ɗò
|ụlọ
|bàʔàʃìmòɗi (5 + 1) 
|Babìlò (5 + 2) 
|Onye na-eto eto (2 x 4) 
|Ebe a na-akpọ ɓònù
|bimbaɗ (2 x 5)? 
|-
|A, A.2, Bọl, Bọl kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Asụsụ ndị Nyam|Nyam]]
|Ọkụ ọkụ
|Felucc
|kúnúnun
|musik̀dúk
|Nwaanyị
|ọgwụ
|Fleluk (5 + 2) 
|húrú ɡùk (2 x 4) 
|láɡó mɔ̀dɔ́ (10-1)? 
|Somumò (litː ' kumo ' = ntị) 
|-
|A, A.2, Tangale, Dera
|[[Kanakuru language|Dera (Kanakuru)]]
|ɗuwey
|rap
|na-eme ka ọ dị
|paraw
|ụlọ
|site na
|bwelà
|ndị na-agba ọsọ
|wanɗumwe (10-1) 
|ɡûm
|-
|A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Asụsụ Kutto|Kupto (Kutto)]]
|Jaịlịa
|fáláw/ páláw
|kùnùŋ
|fàɗàw / pàɗàw
|Faat / páat
|Fayɗìn / páyɗìn
|Fayláw / Payláw
|Ọ na-adị n'ihu
|N'oge a, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-akpọ
|kómó
|-
|A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale kwesịrị ekwesị
|Kushi
|ɗòk
|Pọọsụ
|tàat
|Péeròw
|fwàt / fúwàt
|Ihe mere n'oge a na-adịghị anya
|fàrlów
|pedidị
|Foto
|ebe a na-akpọ kpèm
|-
|A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Asụsụ Kwaami|Kwaami]]
|Onye ndú
|Pọllów / Fọllów
|Klọọm
|póɗòw / fóɗòw
|páaɗí / ole na ole
|páyíndì / fáyíndì (5 + 1) 
|pópíllów / fófíllów (5 + 2) 
|Pówùrɗòw / fówùrɗów (2 x 4)? 
|na-adaba
|kúmó
|-
|A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale kwesịrị ekwesị
|Ma (Pipero) 
|ɗók
|bélòw
|ɡ͡bónòŋ
|béeɗòw
|puat / fwát
|Múndi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ
|pattrira bélòw
|bídow
|kómpòy / kómvòy
|kó / k͡púmmò
|-
|A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Piya language|Piya]]
|Mkpụrụ
|pèelów
|Akụkọ ifo
|peɗòw
|fàat
|pàtìrà mùndí (5 + 1) 
|pàtìrà pèelów (5 + 2) 
|pèdìpɗów (2 x 4)??? 
|Nkwupụta
|Sommó
|-
|A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Tangale language|Po Tangale]] (1) 
|Ogbugbu
|rap
|kúnuŋ
|mba ọzọ
|Akpụkpọ ahụ
|pàndì
|ebe a na-aga
|pàpádà (2 x 4) 
|ebe a na-akpọ
|ɡ͡bɔmɔ
|-
|A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Tangale language|Tangale (Sungom)]] (2) 
|Ọkụ
|ngwa ngwa
|klọg
|Serɪ́
|[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
|mba ọzọ
|peelòu
|parpàɗá (2 x 4) 
|lamɓɗà
|ɡ͡bɔ́mɔ́́́
|-
|A, A.3, Angas kwesịrị ekwesị, 1
|[[Ngas language|Angas (Ngas)]]
|ɡàk
|BAP
|kwán
|fír
|Ọ dị mfe
|pimí (5 + 1) 
|pòbáp (5 + 2) 
|pòkwún (5 + 3) 
|pòfar (5 + 4) 
|sàr
|-
|A, A.3, Angas kwesịrị ekwesị, 1
|Kofyar
|m
|vəl
|Klọb
|Fairy
|Paat
|ihe atụ (5 + 1) 
|pòɡòvəl (5 + 2) 
|pòɡòkun (5 + 3) 
|pòɡòfár (5 + 4) 
|sàr
|-
|A, A.3, Angas kwesịrị ekwesị, 1
|[[Miship language|Miship (Ụgbọ)]] (1) 
|Kpatụ m
|vəl
|Kun
|feer
|ịsa ahụ
|Pemee (5+ 1) 
|pokvəl (5+ 2) 
|pokkun (5+ 3) 
|pokfaar (5+ 4) 
|Sar
|-
|A, A.3, Angas kwesịrị ekwesị, 1
|[[Miship language|Miship (Ụgbọ)]] (2) 
|Mụ onwe m
|Vɨl
|Kun
|Farr
|Paat
|pemɛ (5+ 1) 
|pɔ́ɡɔ́vɨl (5+ 2) 
|pɔ́ɡɔ́kun (5+ 3) 
|pɔ́ɡɔ́far (5+ 4) 
|Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya
|-
|A, A.3, Angas kwesịrị ekwesị, 1
|[[Cakfem-Mushere language|Cakfem-Mushere]]
|Ọ bụ ebe a na-enweta ihe
|vel
|Kun
|feer
|paat
|peemee (5+ 1) 
|feermeekum (4+ 3)?? 
|feertiit (4 x 2)?? 
|paatmee (5+ 4) 
|kakapaat (5 x 2)?? 
|-
|A, A.3, Angas kwesịrị ekwesị, 1
|[[Mwaghavul language|Mwaghavul (Mupun / Sura)]]
|N'ime ala
|vəl
|Klọb
|Fairy
|mba dị iche iche
|pedemè (5 + 1) 
|Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-akpọ &quot;Povern&quot; (5 + 2) 
|pòkún (5 + 3) 
|pòféer (5 + 4) 
|Kaapàt və́l (5 x 2)??? 
|-
|A, A.3, Angas kwesịrị ekwesị, 2
|Goemai (Ankwe) 
|mée, ɡə̀mée
|vəl
|Klọb
|N'oge ochie
|Mgbasa ozi:t
|phə̀mə́ (5 + 1) 
|phə̀və́l (5 + 2) 
|Crystal (5 + 3) 
|phə̀fár (5 + 4) 
|Sar
|-
|A, A.3, Angas kwesịrị ekwesị, 2
|Dị ka
|[Mọv]
|[Vɨ́l]
|[Kunay]
|[Fii]
|[p.t]
|[Pɨ̀mɛ́]
|[mɛ́fɛ́́́́kúːn]
|[p. Fi]
|[mɛ́ːpàː]
|[sár]
|-
|A, A.4, Ron kwesịrị ekwesị
|Ron (Daffo) 
|ɗaŋɡât
|Ọdịdị
|yuhún
|Puʔ
|n'oge gara aga
|Makoŋ
|Mkpụrụ osisi na-acha odo odo
|mafwaráʔ
|yeluam
|Ndị ọzọ
|-
|[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
|Duwai
|Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka ọ na-eme
|Ihe eji eme ihe
|ko
|N'oge a na-adịghị anya
|av'ɗ
|ə̀jdə̀ɡərma
|Sə̀və̀sə̀ri / tlə̀və̀ri
|ə̀jldàakò
|Ọ dịịrị
|ɡùumà
|-
|B, B.1, Bade kwesịrị ekwesị
|Bade
|ɡàɗi
|Diolọn
|kwan
|N'oge ochie
|Vaɗì
|Ebe
|ɡatkasà
|ɬədàakwà
|Ọnwaanyị
|ɡuumà
|-
|B, B.1, Bade kwesịrị ekwesị
|[[Ngizim language|Ngizim]]
|Khamá (ịgụ), ɡàyí (enumat.) 
|ʃírín
|kwán
|N'oge a na-adịghị anya
|Vaɗ
|N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-anọ
|ɡátkásà
|dandàfə́ɗú (2 x 4) 
|kúɗkûvdà
|ɡúmà
|-
|B, B.2
|Dira (Diri) 
|numọ
|rɔp
|mɪyax kọntaktị
|na-eme ihe ike
|Nəmtəm
|Mukkə̀
|ŋyɪniŋɡì
|jiezupsè (2 x 4)? 
|vwanùm (10-1)? 
|kwuɬ
|-
|B, B.2
|[[Miya language|Miya]]
|wútə̀
|tsə́r
|Nwaanyị
|N'oge a na-adịghị anya
|Vaɬə
|màaha (5+1)? 
|màtsə̀r (5+2) 
|N'oge a na-adịghị anya (2 x 4) 
|Udo na-eme
|Ihe ndị a na-akpọ
|-
|B, B.3
|[[Asụsụ Dass|Dass (nke Dott)]]
|O nwere ike ịbụ onye
|Ruap
|maáɣí
|jieupsí
|námtám
|màamaɣ / muumáɣ
|wúsúrmàɣè
|wúsúpsì (2 x 4) 
|nàturə́psi / nàtàrə́psi
|zùp
|-
|[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
|Boghom
|Sọnwa
|ɓáap / pā́p / ɡbwàap
|Moi
|Onye na-egwu egwu
|ndàuní / ndóoní
|maak
|nyàŋɡí
|ɓóopsí
|ʔáamsóyìm (10 -1) 
|ŋəmàs / uur
|-
|[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
|Mangas
|nim
|Apụl
|mween
|Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-akpọ
|Tuun
|maɣà
|Ịnọgide na-eme ihe
|ɡàamzi
|kúrúms
|zúp
|-
|B, B.3, Ọwụwa Anyanwụ
|[[Jimi language (Nigeria)|Jimi]]
|nintóo
|Rwanda
|mwaikán / mwenkán
|ihyú
|namtáŋ / namtám
|Maakoo
|inkóo
|ɡuhyú (2 x 4) 
|Khamníntoo / Khamníto (10 -1) 
|ndəɓóo / ɗúbó
|-
|[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
|Guruntum
|Ihe ndị e ji mara
|raap
|miyaŋ
|ooso
|kyuwun
|Mọn
|nyeene
|ɡèesau
|Saịra
|zùp
|-
|[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
|Zangwal (Zangur) 
|O nwere ike ịbụ onye
|kwáap
|ma ọ bụ
|Uwu
|námtàm
|màaɡa
|nyínìɡì
|ʔáasuʔáasù (2 x 4) 
|áatə̀nə̀n
|arịrịọ
|-
|B, B.3, Zaar kwesịrị ekwesị
|Geji (Gyazi) (1) 
|O nwere ike ịbụ onye
|lôp
|mechan
|na-ehi ụra
|nàmtan
|mukkà
|nitɡi
|jiesupsì (2 x 4)? 
|topsi
|kuɬ
|-
|B, B.3, Zaar kwesịrị ekwesị
|Geji (Gezawa) (2) 
|nɨ́m
|lôp
|Mèkən
|na-ehi ụra
|O nwere ike ịbụ onye
|Mukkə̀
|nininɡi
|jiesupsì (2 x 4)? 
|O nwere ike ịbụ onye
|kuɬ
|-
|B, B.3, Zaar kwesịrị ekwesị
|Polci (Palci) 
|nɨ́m
|rǒp
|miyèn
|wupsɨ̀
|O nwere ike ịbụ onye
|Ụgbọelu
|wusɨ̀rmìyen (4 + 3)? 
|wɨsɨpsɨ̀ (2 x 4)? 
|natoropsɨ̀
|zup
|-
|B, B.3, Zaar kwesịrị ekwesị
|Saya
|nambəŋ
|mbə̀ɬíŋ
|Maajìi
|Upuz
|nândə́m
|Lîim
|wátsə̀maí
|tantan
|N'ihi ya, ọ bụ nwa
|zúp
|}

== Edensibia ==
na-ege ntị dị iche iche ma dozie nsogbu dị iche iche na-emetụta mba ahụ. Ihe atụ ụfọdụ &lt;ref name=&quot;Batra 2017 pp. 330–3523&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Batra|first=Kanika|date=1 March 2017|title=Polygamous Postcolonialism and Transnational Critique in Tess Onwueme's The Reign of Wazobia|journal=Meridians|volume=15|issue=2|pages=330–352|doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.03|issn=1536-6936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wazobia FM, ụlọ ọrụ redio na-agbasa ozi na Pidgin English, Wazobia TV, ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn na-agbasakwa ozi na Pidgina English{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* The Yobe Languages Research Project site na onye nwụrụ anwụ Russell G. Schuh nke UCLA
* West Chadic resources E debere Wayback Machine na africanlanguages.org</text>
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    <title>Hassaniya Arabic</title>
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      <text bytes="8431" sha1="cbkuwqvf6nv8gcoa441xsm0zln4nnhc" xml:space="preserve">'''Hassaniya Arabic''' ({{lang-ar|حسانية|translit=Ḥassānīya}}; nakwa mara dị ka {{transl|ar|Hassaniyya}}, {{transl|ar|Klem El Bithan}}, {{transl|ar|Hassani}}, {{transl|ar|Hassaniya}}, na Maure) bụ ụdị Arabic Maghrebi dị iche iche nke ndị Arab Mauritania na ndị Sahrawi na-asụ. Ọ bụ Beni Ḥassān kwuru ya Bedouin ebo nke Yemen si malite ndị gbatịrị ikike ha n'elu ọtụtụ nke Mauritania na [[Morocco]]'s ebo sitere na Yemeni bụ ndị gbatịpụrụ ikike ha n'ọtụtụ nke Mauritania na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Western Sahara n'etiti narị afọ nke 15 na 17. Hassaniya Arabic bụ asụsụ ebo sitere na Yemeni bụ ndị  . 

Asụsụ a anọchiwo [[Berber languages|Asụsụ Berber]] nke a na-asụ na mpaghara a. Ọ bụ ezie na o doro anya na ọ bụ olumba ọdịda anyanwụ, Hassānīya dịtụ anya site na ụdị Maghrebi ndị ọzọ nke Arabic. Ebe ọ dị mere ka ọ ghara inwe mmetụta sitere na Zenaga-Berber na Wolof. E nwere ọtụtụ olumba nke Hassaniya, nke dị iche na ụdaume. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Norris|first=H. T.|date=1962|title=Yemenis in the Western Sahara|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/179754|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=3|issue=2|pages=317–322|issn=0021-8537}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nwere akara nke South Arabian na Hassaniya Arabic nke a na-asụ n'etiti Rio de Oro na Timbuktu, dị ka G. S. Colin si kwuo. Taa, a na-asụ Hassaniya Arabic na [[Algeria]], [[Morocco]], [[Mauritania]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Senegal]] na Western Sahara.

== Ọmụmụ ụdaolu ==
Usoro ụdaume nke Hassānīya na-egosipụta ma ihe ọhụrụ na ihe nchedo. A na-anọchite anya ụdaume niile nke Classical Arabic n'asụsụ ahụ, mana enwere ọtụtụ ụdaume ọhụrụ. Dị ka ọ dị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Bedouin, Classical /q/ kwekọrọ na dialectal {{IPA|/ɡ/}}; /dń/ na {{IPA|/ð/}} agbakọtawo na /ð /; a chekwaala interdentals {{IPA|/θ/}} na /đ/. A na-ahụ mkpụrụedemede ج {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} dị ka {{IPA|/ʒ/}}.

=== Mkpụrụedemede ===
Vowel phonemes na-abịa n'usoro abụọ: ogologo na mkpirikpi. Mkpụrụedemede ogologo bụ otu ihe ahụ dị na Classical Arabic {{IPA|/aː iː uː/}}, ndị dị mkpirikpi na-agbatị nke a site na otu: {{IPA|/a i u ə/}}. Enwere ike ịghọta diphthongs {{IPA|/aj/}} na {{IPA|/aw/}} n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche, ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ {{IPA|[eːʲ]}} na {{IPA|[oːʷ]}}, n'otu n'otu. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, nghọta dị ka {{IPA|[aj]}} na {{IPA|[aw]}} yana {{IPA|[eː]}} na {{IPA|[oː]}} ga-ekwe omume, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị.

Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Maghrebi Arabic, a na-ahapụkarị ụdaume dị mkpirikpi na mkpụrụedemede mepere emepe (ma e wezụga aha nwanyị na-agwụ {{IPA|*/ka.tab/}}&lt;nowiki&gt;-mw='{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;IPA&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:IPA&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;/-a/&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;mwAZM&quot; lang=&quot;und-Latn-fonipa&quot; title=&quot;Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;/-a/ &lt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;{{IPA|/-ah/}}): {{IPA|*/tak.tu.biː/}} &gt; {{IPA|/tə.ktbi/}} 'ị (f. sg.) dee', {{IPA|*/ka.ta.ba/}} &gt; */ka-tab/ &gt; / Jokerb/ 'ọ dere'. N'ime mkpụrụedemede ndị fọdụrụnụ {{IPA|/a/}} na-adaba na /a/ nke oge ochie, ebe {{IPA|/i/}} na {{IPA|/u/}} jikọtara na {{IPA|/ə/}}. Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, {{IPA|/j/}} na-anọchite anya {{IPA|[i]}} na {{IPA|/w/}} site na {{IPA|[u]}} na ọnọdụ okwu mbụ tupu ụdaume: {{IPA|/u.ɡəft/}} 'M guzoro n'elu' (mgbọrọgwụ ''w-g-f''; cf. / refubt/ 'M dere', mgbọrọgwụ ''k-t-b''), {{IPA|/i.naɡ.ɡaz/}} 'ọ na-agbadata' (ihe mbido ''i-''; cf. /jə. jumpingb/ 'ọ bụ ihe mbido ''jə-''). N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ụdaume mbụ a na-adịkwu ogologo, nke na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya ọnọdụ ụdaume ya: {{IPA|/uːɡ.vu/}} 'ha guzoro ọtọ'. Na mgbakwunye,{{IPA|/a i/}} na-ahụ ụdaume dị mkpirikpi /a i/ na mkpụrụedemede mepere emepe na okwu ndị a gbazitere na Berber, dị ka {{IPA|/a.raː.ɡaːʒ/}} 'nwoke', {{IPA|/i.vuː.kaːn/}} 'nwa ehi nke 1 ruo 2 afọ', na {{IPA|/u/}} na nhazi na-agaghị agafe agafe: {{IPA|/u.ɡaː.bəl/}} 'a zutere ya' (cf. /ɡaː.kəl/ 'ọ zutere').

== Mgbanwe koodu ==
Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta Hassaniya Arabic na-agbakwa koodu mgbanwe. Na Western Sahara ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka mgbanwe koodu n'etiti Hassaniya Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, na Spanish, dịka [[Spain]] na-achịkwa mpaghara a; na ala ndị ọzọ na-asụ Hassaniya, French bụ asụsụ ọzọ a na-asụrụ.

== Orthography ==
A na-ejikarị mkpụrụedemede Arabic dee Hassaniya Arabic. Otú ọ dị, na [[Senegal]], gọọmentị ejirila mkpụrụedemede Latin dee asụsụ ahụ, dịka iwu 2005-980 nke October 21, 2005 si kwuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jo.gouv.sn/spip.php?article4790|title=Decret n° 2005-980 du 21 octobre 2005|accessdate=2021-12-10|archivedate=2015-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092122/http://www.jo.gouv.sn/spip.php?article4790}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle&quot;
! colspan=&quot;37&quot; |Hassaniya Arabic alphabet (Senegal) 
|-
|[[A]]
|[[B]]
|[[C]]
|[[D]]
|Ḍ
|[[E]]
|Mụ onwe onye
|[[F]]
|[[G]]
|[[H]]
|Ḥ
|[[I|M]]
|[[J]]
|[[K]]
|[[L]]
|[[M]]
|[[N]]
|Ñ
|[[O]]
|[[Q]]
|[[R]]
|[[S]]
|Ṣ
|Ŝ
|[[T]]
|Ṭ
|Ọdịdị
|[[U]]
|[[V]]
|[[W]]
|[[X]]
|Ọdịdị
|[[Y]]
|[[Z]]
|Ż
|Ẓ
|ʔ
|-
|a
|b
|c
|d
|ḍ
|na
|ë
|f
|g
|h
|ḥ
|i
|j
|k
|l
|m
|n
|ñ
|o
|q
|r
|s
|ṣ
|Isi okwu
|t
|ṭ
|N'ezie
|u
|v
|w
|x
|Ọdịdị
|na
|z
|ż
|ka ọ dị
|ʼ
|}

== Ndị ọkà okwu nkesa ==
Dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo, e nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ atọ na-asụ asụsụ Hassaniya, nke e kesara dị ka ndị a:

* [[Mauritania]]: 2,770,000 (2006) 
* Western Sahara na mpaghara ndịda nke [[Morocco]], nke a maara dị ka '''Mpaghara Tekna''': 200,000+ (1995) 
* [[Mali]]: 175,800 - 210,000 (2000) 
* [[Senegal]]: 162,000 (2015) 
* [[Algeria]]: 150,000 (1985) 
* [[Libya]]: 40,000 (1985) 
* [[Niger]]: 10,000 (1998) 

== Hụkwa ==
 

* Ụdị Arabic dị iche iche
* Asụsụ Nemadi
* Ndị Imraguen

== Ihe odide ==
 &lt;div class=&quot;reflist&quot;&gt;
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

* {{Cite book|author=Cohen, David|title=Le dialecte arabe {{transl|ar|ḥassānīya}} de Mauritanie (parler de la Gəbla)|location=Paris|publisher=Librairie C. Klincksieck|year=1963|isbn=2-252-00150-X}}
* &quot;Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania&quot;, Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In: Linguistics; vol. 52 (1969), peeji nke 15 / 1969
* &quot;Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania&quot;, Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In: Studies in linguistics; vol. 19 (1968), afl. 1 (mrt), peeji nke 1 19 / 1968
* &quot;Hassaniya Arabic (Mali): Poetic and Ethnographic Texts&quot;, Heath, Jeffrey; Kaye, Alan S. / In: Journal of Near Eastern studies; vol. 65 (2006), afl. 3, peeji nke 218 (1) / 2006
* ''Hassaniya Arabic (Mali): ederede uri na ethnographic '', Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2003
* ''Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) - Bekee - French dictionary'', Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2004
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2006. Ḥassāniya Arabic. Na Kees Versteegh (ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, 240-250. Leiden: E.~J.~Ọ na-egbuke egbuke.

== Njikọ mpụga ==
  {{navboxes||list={{Varieties of Arabic}}
{{Languages of Algeria}}
{{Languages of Mali}}
{{Languages of Mauritania}}
{{Languages of Morocco}}
{{Languages in Maghreb}}}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cassie Kabwita</title>
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      <text bytes="15725" sha1="eldyb6mccwpkqprxdi4u0doz5dj0ipt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Cassie Kabwita|image=|caption=|birth_name=Sharon Kabwita|other_names=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1988|10|13}}|birth_place=[[Ndola]], Zambia|occupation=[[Actress]], [[Film Producer]]|years_active=2009&amp;ndash;present|website=|awards=2017 ZAFTA Awards,  2019 [[Ngoma Awards]],  [[2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards]]}}

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-01-04|title=ZAMBIAN FILMMAKER and actress Cassie Kabwita famously known as KING CASSIE says she is pleased with her new call as a 'Rotarian'.|url=https://dailynationzambia.com/2024/01/rotary-call-excites-zed-actress-king-cassie/|accessdate=2024-01-04|work=Daily Nation|language=en|archive-date=2025-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109180814/https://www.dailynationzambia.com/2024/01/rotary-call-excites-zed-actress-king-cassie/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''Cassie Kabwita''' (amụrụ n'October 13, 1988) bụ onye Zambia na-eme ihe nkiri na Onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri na Rotarian . &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=John|date=2021-10-29|title=Afronista Spotlight: Is King Cassie Kabwita Really The Pioneer Of Zambia Movie Industry?|url=https://africanvibes.com/afronista-spotlight-is-king-cassie-kabwita-really-the-pioneer-of-zambia-movie-industry/|accessdate=2023-12-26|work=African Vibes|archivedate=2023-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226023134/https://africanvibes.com/afronista-spotlight-is-king-cassie-kabwita-really-the-pioneer-of-zambia-movie-industry/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya maka ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Zambia na Tanzania. Cassie &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Director|first=Kelechi Eke, Founder/|title=THE AFRICAN FILM FESTIVAL (TAFF) - Bridging Cultures Through Film|url=http://www.theafricanfilmfestival.org/|accessdate=2024-01-03|work=The African Film Festival|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye nnọchi anya African Film Festival (TAFF) na Dallas [1]

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Cassie &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-30|title=Cassie Kabwita’s Story|url=https://www.georgeayee.com/emerging-heroes/cassie-kabwitas-story|accessdate=2024-01-02|work=Dr. George Ayee|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102214538/https://www.georgeayee.com/emerging-heroes/cassie-kabwitas-story}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye Lunda sitere na Chief Kakoma na Mwinilunga District nke dị na North Western Province ma amụọ ya na Ndola Central Hospital, na Ndola, Copperbelt Province na Zambia.&amp;nbsp;

Kabwita gara Buteko Basic School ma bụrụ onye isi nwanyị na Luanshya Girls High School. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Cassie Kabitwa Zambian Actress who wants to put her mark in film industry|url=http://swahiliworldplanet.blogspot.com/2014/11/cassie-kabitwa-zambian-actress-who.html|accessdate=3 October 2019|publisher=swahiliworldplanet.blogspot.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; gụrụ azụmahịa ile ọbịa na Speciss College na Herbert Chitepo campus na Harare, Zimbabwe, ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2009.

== Ọrụ ==
Cassie malitere ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya na 2006 na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri, mana o mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na 2009, ebe ọ rụrụ obere ọrụ na ihe nkiri egwu nke Tanzania, Roho Sita ma bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta Sweet Revenge. N'afọ 2010, a họpụtara ya na ihe nkiri Familia Yangu, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ abụọ, otu dị ka nne nke ụmụ abụọ na nke abụọ dị ka agadi nwanyị na-achọ ọrụ dị ka odibo. Ọganihu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Editor|first=Online|date=2013-07-29|title=‘Love Games’ Season II back on air {{!}} Lusaka Voice|url=https://www.lusakavoice.com/2013/07/29/love-games-season-ii-back-on-air/|accessdate=2024-01-03|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251111164649/https://lusakavoice.com/2013/07/29/love-games-season-ii-back-on-air/}}&lt;/ref&gt; bịara na 2012 dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Zambia TV series Love Games . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Love Games (TV series) - Chalo Chatu, Zambia online encyclopedia|url=http://chalochatu.org/Love_Games_(TV_series)|accessdate=2024-01-03|work=chalochatu.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2013 o mere nke mbụ ya n'azụ igwefoto, ka ọ na-emepụta ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri Guilt . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Filamu ya ‘Guilt’ aliyocheza Hemedy na Cassie Kabwita wa Zambia kutoka July 18 – Bongo5.com|url=https://bongo5.com/filamu-ya-guilt-aliyocheza-hemedy-na-cassie-kabwita-wa-zambia-kutoka-july-18-05-2014/|accessdate=2024-01-03|work=bongo5.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-09-30|title=Zambia : Actress Cassie Kabwita gets Rising Star Award|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2015/09/30/actress-cassie-kabwita-gets-rising-star-award/|accessdate=2024-01-02|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; nrite Mwape Peer &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Winners – Mwape Peer Awards|url=http://www.mwape.com/winners-2/|accessdate=2024-01-02|language=en|archivedate=2024-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102214538/http://www.mwape.com/winners-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[New York City|New York]], na United States of America sọpụrụ ya na ihe nrite kachasị mma na 2015 maka onyinye ya na ihe nkiri Zambia na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri mbụ natara onyinye ahụ.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-04-27|title=Zambia : Zambian Movie on GBV coming soon|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/04/27/zambian-movie-gbv-coming-soon/|accessdate=2024-01-03|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kelvin|first=Kachingwe|date=September 2, 2016|title=Cassie shoots sexual abuse movie Kwacha|work=daily-mail.co.zm|url=https://www.daily-mail.co.zm/cassie-shoots-sexual-abuse-movie-kwacha/|accessdate=September 19, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2017, o mepụtara ihe nkiri ya nke abụọ Sound of Silence, ya na [[Jessie Chisi]] iji mee ka a mara banyere ime ihe ike metụtara mmekọahụ na okike ma gosipụta ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Tanzania na Zambia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-06-22|title=Cassie to manage Miss Zambia|url=https://zambia24.com/cassie-to-manage-miss-zambia/|accessdate=2024-01-03|work=Zambia 24 - Zambia's leading Online News website|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103105526/https://zambia24.com/cassie-to-manage-miss-zambia/}}&lt;/ref&gt; họpụtakwara ya dị ka onye njikwa mba maka Miss Zambia na 2017 [1]

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-04-08|title=Cassie graces Sinema Zetu|url=https://zambia24.com/cassie-graces-sinema-zetu/|accessdate=2024-01-02|work=Zambia 24 - Zambia's leading Online News website|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102214539/https://zambia24.com/cassie-graces-sinema-zetu/}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, a kwanyeere Kabwita ugwu iji nye onyinye abalị mbụ nke Sinema Zetu International Film Festival na onye isi ala nke anọ nke Tanzania bụ Jakaye Mrisho Kikwete, Wema Sepetu na [[Diamond Platnumz]] iji nye onyinye maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma.&amp;nbsp;

== Ihe nkiri ==

=== Onye nduzi / onye edemede / onye na-emepụta ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:2em;&quot; |Afọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:9em;&quot; |Aha ya
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:2em;&quot; |Onye edemede
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:2em;&quot; |Onye na-emepụta ya
|-
|2010
|''Òtù nke atọ''|{{Ya}}|{{Ya}} 
|-
|2014
|''Obi amamikpe / Hatia''| {{Ya}} | {{Ya}}
|-
|2017
|''Kwacha / Imetosha''| {{Ya}} | {{Ya}}
|}

=== Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ọrụ fim
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
!Ihe odide
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2009
|''Roho Sita''
|Obere
|Nke Ommy-D duziri
|-
|''Ịbọ ọbọ dị ụtọ''
|Ọrụ dị ala, Onye nduzi
|Nke Nasir Muhammed mepụtara
Nke Ommy-D duziri
|-
|2010
|''Ezinụlọ Yangu''
|Onye na-eduzi / Onye na-emepụta
|Mepụtara site na Poyaga Production
Nke Goodluck Komba duziri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2013
|''Obi amamikpe / Hatia''
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri
|
|-
|''Vita Baridi''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women In Filmmaking|url=https://sotambe.org/women-in-filmmaking|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014145646/https://sotambe.org/women-in-filmmaking|archivedate=2020-10-14|accessdate=2019-10-03|work=sotambe.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ọrụ Ndị Na-edu
|Mepụtara site na Jerusalem Films Production
Nke Jacob Steven duziri
|-
|2014
|''Mzee wa Swagga''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|Ọrụ Ndị Na-edu
|Ihe nkiri Jerusalem mepụtara
Nke Jacob Stevens duziri
|-
|2015
|''Mmiri ma ọ bụ Mmiri: Njem Dị Ize Ndụ''
|Ọrụ Nkwado
|Nke Prince Richard mepụtara
Nke [[Ike Nnewogbi]] duziri
|-
|2015
|''Ihe Nzuzo A Na-akọwaghị''
|Ọrụ Ndị Na-edu
|Ọ bụ Owas Ray Mwape mepụtara ma duzie ya
|-
|2018
|''Onye Gbalaga''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/cassie-in-nollywoods-fugitive/|title=Cassie in Nollywood's 'Fugitive' – Zambia Daily Mail|work=www.daily-mail.co.zm|accessdate=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nkwado
|Nke Diamond Image mepụtara
Nke Andy Boyo duziri
|-
|2019
|''Ọrụ na-adịghị''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-05-28|title=Cassie Kabwita 'Off Duty|url=https://www.thezambiansun.com/cassie-kabwita-off-duty/|accessdate=2019-09-19|work=The Lusaka Sun|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920100914/https://www.thezambiansun.com/cassie-kabwita-off-duty/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|-
|
|Òtù nke Atọ
|Onye ndu, Onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, onye na'ihe nkiriOnye edemede
|Nke [[Okechukwu Oku]] duziri
|-
|
|Eze Nwanyị Ya
|Nkwado
|Nke Charles Uwagbi duziri
|-
|2020
|Kavundula
|Onye ndu, Onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, onye na'ihe nkiriOnye edemede
|Nke [[Thandi Vundamina]] duziri
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ihe ngosi TV
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|2023
|Repoti Oge 1 na 4&amp;nbsp;
|Onye ndu
|Ihe nkiri Jerusalem mepụtara maka Sinema Zetu On Azam TV
Nke Jacob Stevens duziri
|-
|2021
|Uncle Limbani Oge nke 2 na nke 3
|Nkwado
|Mepụtara site na New Norm Media maka Zambezi Magic On DSTv &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uncle Limbani|url=https://dstv-fe-zambezimagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/zambezimagic/en-gh/show/uncle-limbani|accessdate=2024-01-03|work=Zambezi Magic - Uncle Limbani|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nchịkọta site &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-17|title=AMVCA 2023: Full list of AMVCA award nominees as Anikulapo, King of Thieves, Brotherhood battle for win|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cv292ql866do|accessdate=2024-01-03|work=BBC News Pidgin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jordan Muyembi Nọpụtara maka Best Original Comedy Series na 2023 AMVCA [1]
|-
|2020
|Oge Mungoma 1 na 2&amp;nbsp;
|Nkwado
|Mepụtara site &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mungoma|url=https://dstv-fe-zambezimagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/zambezimagic/en-gh/show/mungoma|accessdate=2024-01-03|work=Mungoma|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Upfront Media maka Zambezi Magic On Dstv [1]&amp;nbsp;
Nke Maynard Muchangwe duziri
|-
|2018
|Oge 1 na 2
|Nkwado
|Nke Mingeli Palata mepụtara
Nke Maynard Muchangwe duziri
|-
|2012
|Egwuregwu Ịhụnanya Oge 1 na Oge 2
|Ọrụ Ndị Na-edu
|Mepụtara site na Media 365 Maka USAID
Nke Jeff Sitali duziri
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Egwuregwu vidio
!Afọ
!Abụ
!Onye na-eti egwu
!Vidio na [[YouTube]]
|-
|2011
|&quot;Njiwa&quot;
|Mangustino
|
|-
|2014
|&quot;Shalapo&quot;
|B'Flow
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|&quot;WANGA Wanga&quot;
|Bryan
|
|-
|&quot;Basazibe&quot;
|Agha
|
|-
|2018
|&quot;Ihe niile ka mma&quot;
|[[Macky 2]] feat. Ịgba ọsọ ndụ
|
|}

== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Afọ
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Nsonaazụ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2014
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Ihe nrite ZAFTA
|Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |Mmeri
|-
|Onye nchịkọta akụkọ kacha mma
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |Mmeri
|-
|Ụda Kasị Mma
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |Mmeri
|-
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma
| style=&quot;background: #ffdddd&quot; |Ndị a họpụtara
|-
|Foto Kasị Mma
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |Mmeri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|Ihe nrite ZAFTA
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |O meriri&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lusakavoice.com/2015/11/20/owas-cassie-win-big-at-2015-zaftar-awards/|title=Owas, Cassie win big at 2015 ZAFTAR Awards|work=Lusaka Voice|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-03|archivedate=2019-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003082611/http://www.lusakavoice.com/2015/11/20/owas-cassie-win-big-at-2015-zaftar-awards/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Ihe nrite Mwape Pee
|Kpakpando Uprising Kasị Mma
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mwape.com/index.php/winners|title=Winners|work=www.mwape.com|accessdate=2019-10-03|archivedate=2019-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003082607/http://www.mwape.com/index.php/winners}}&lt;/ref&gt; meriri [1] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2015/09/30/actress-cassie-kabwita-gets-rising-star-award/|title=Zambia: Actress Cassie Kabwita gets Rising Star Award|date=2015-09-30|work=LusakaTimes.com|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-10-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|Ihe nrite Zee Music
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zambianmusic.net/7345/nominees-for-the-zambian-zeemusic-awards-2016-announced.html|title=Nominees For The Zambian ZeeMusic Awards 2016 Announced|work=ZambianMusic.net|accessdate=2019-10-03|archivedate=2019-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003074357/https://www.zambianmusic.net/7345/nominees-for-the-zambian-zeemusic-awards-2016-announced.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; meriri [1]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2017
|Onyinye Ụmụ nwanyị Zambia
|Nwaanyị Zambia nke Afọ na fim
| style=&quot;background: #ffdddd&quot; |Ndị a họpụtara
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Times of Zambia {{!}} 2017 ZAFTAs enthralling!|url=https://www.times.co.zm/?p=94734|accessdate=2024-01-03|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103143342/https://www.times.co.zm/?p=94734}}&lt;/ref&gt; ZAFTA Awards [1]
|Foto Kasị Mma
| style=&quot;background: #ffdddd&quot; |Ndị a họpụtara
|-
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |Mmeri
|-
|Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma
| style=&quot;background: #ffdddd&quot; |Ndị a họpụtara
|-
|Ihe nrite Zee Music
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://zambianmusicblog.co/2017-zeemusic-creative-awards-winners-list/|title=2017 ZeeMusic Creative Awards Winners List|date=2017-12-04|work=Zambian Music Blog|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; meriri [1]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ogbugbu Mba nke Media Arts (NAMA) 
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |Mmeri
|-
|Onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri kacha pụta ìhè
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |Mmeri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2019
|Emume ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke Shungu Namutitima
|Foto Zambia Kasị Mma
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |Mmeri
|-
|Sinema Zetu International Film Festival - Dar-Es-Salaam Tanzania&amp;nbsp;
|Ihe nkiri World Cinema (Kwacha) 
| style=&quot;background: #ffdddd&quot; |Onye a họpụtara
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngoma Awards - Lusaka Zambia
|Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma (Kwacha) 
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |Onye mmeri
|-
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma (Kwacha) 
| style=&quot;background: #ffdddd&quot; |Onye a họpụtara
|-
|Sotambe International Film Festival - Kitwe Zambia&amp;nbsp;
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma (Kwacha) 
| style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot; |Onye mmeri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2020
|2020 African Magic Viewers' Choice Awards
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma nke South Africa (Kwacha) 
| style=&quot;background: #ffdddd&quot; |Onye a họpụtara
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Emume ihe nkiri Afrịka
|Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi kacha mma nke ndịda Afrịka
| style=&quot;background: #ffdddd&quot; |Onye a họpụtara
|-
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na fim
| style=&quot;background: #ffdddd&quot; |Onye a họpụtara
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kabwita, Cassie}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rahmatou Keita</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Rahmatou Keïta|honorific_suffix=|image=Rahmatou Keita.jpg|caption=|birth_place=[[Niger]]|alma mater=|children=[[Magaajyia Silberfeld]]|occupation=Writer, director, journalist|mother=|father=|relations=|notable_works=The Wedding Ring|networth=|years_active=|signature=}}

'''Rahmatou Keita''' bụ onye nta akụkọ Naijiria, onye edemede, na onye nduzi ihe nkiri, onye ọrụ ihe nkiri ya malitere na 1990. &lt;ref name=&quot;goldenglobes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Wedding Ring (Niger)|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/articles/wedding-ring-niger|work=www.goldenglobes.com|accessdate=10 September 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; meriri 7 d'or maka L'assiette anglaise (2005) na Sojourner Truth Award maka ''Al'lèèssi...'', ihe nkiri mbụ ya.

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ ya na [[Niger]], Rahmatou Keïta bụ nwa Sundiata Keita. O kwuru na ọ na-egosipụta ezi ihe dị na mba Sahelian, ebe ọ bụ onye Fulani, Songhai na Mandingo.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma na asụsụ na Paris, ọ malitere ọrụ ya na France.Tupu ọ bụrụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri, o mere onwe ya aha dị ka onye nta akụkọ maka ọwa TV Europe. Ọ pụtara na mmemme ọdịnala L'assiette anglaise na France 2.

Ọ na-eduzi ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi ma mepụta usoro TV Femmes d'Afrique (Women from Africa) (26 x 26 nkeji episodes - 1993-1997), &lt;ref name=&quot;iffr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rahmatou Keïta at IFFR|url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/rahmatou-ke%C3%AFta|publisher=[[International Film Festival Rotterdam]]|accessdate=10 September 2020|archivedate=27 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027053941/https://iffr.com/en/persons/rahmatou-ke%C3%AFta}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke gosipụtara na ọwa mba na Africa.Ya na ndị enyi ya, Keïta malitere Sonrhay Empire Productions iji mepụta ihe nkiri &quot;na-enweghị egwu&quot;.N'afọ 2005, ihe nkiri mbụ ya, Al'lèèssi..., banyere ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke ihe nkiri Afrịka dịka Zalika Souley, ahọpụtara na Cannes Film Festival wee merie Sojourner Truth Award. ''Al'lèèssi...'' nwetara ọtụtụ onyinye, gụnyere Best Documentary Award na Montreal na FIFAI.

Onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike maka ihe ndị Afrịka, Keïta bụ onye guzobere Panafrican Association for Culture '' (ASPAC) '' ma na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na mkparịta ụka nke ọdịbendị na mmepeanya.N'afọ 2016, ihe nkiri ya bụ ''Zin'naariyâ!'' (The Wedding Ring) ka a tọhapụrụ.

Nwa &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|language=French|first=Megan|author=Arnaud|title=Le fardeau de la couleur de peau|work=[[Le Temps]]|date=18 March 2019|url=https://www.letemps.ch/culture/fardeau-couleur-peau-0|accessdate=4 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; nwanyị Magaajyia Silberfeld bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nduzi.

== Ihe nkiri ==

=== Ihe nkiri ndị a ma ama ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ihe edeturu
|-
|2017
|''Enwere m nrọ a''
|
|-
|2016
|''Mgbaaka Agbamakwụkwọ''
|
|-
|2014
|''Mgbaaka Ọlaedo''
|
|-
|2004
|''Al'lèèssi...''
|Ihe nrite kacha mma (Montreal) 
|-
|2001
|''Ihe niile gbasara ndị na-enyocha uche''
|
|-
|1999
|''Naanị n'ihi ịgba égbè! ''
|
|-
|1990
|''Djassaree''
|
|}

=== Telivishọn ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Onye nduzi
|-
|1993–1997
|''Ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka''
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}dị ukwuu na mkparịta ụka nke ọdịbendị na mmepeanya.N'afọ 2016, ihe nkiri ya bụ Zin'naariyâ! (Festival wee merie Sojourner Truth Award. Al'lèèssiFestival wee merie Sojourner Truth Award. ''Al'lèèssi''{{Authority control}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oumarou Ganda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38067</id>
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      <text bytes="6787" sha1="1z53m02ozwwcgpfbkber7eatuc1ugrm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|image=|name=Oumarou Ganda|birth_date=1935|birth_place=[[Niamey]], [[Niger]]|death_date=1 January {{Death year and age|1981|1935}}|death_place=Niamey, Niger|othername=|nationality=Nigerien|citizenship=Nigerien|occupation=Film director, actor, screenwriter|yearsactive=1958-1980|notable_works=Cabascabo}}

'''Oumarou Ganda''' (1935 &amp;#x2D; 1 Jenụwarị 1981) bụ onye nduzi [[Niger|Naijiria]] na onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke nyere aka mee ka Ihe nkiri Afrịka mara mba ụwa n'afọ ndị 1960 na 1970.

== Ndụ ==
A Francis Ganda na Niamey, isi obodo Niger, na 1935 ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na onye oriri Djerma. Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Niamey ma mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii sonyeere French Far East Expeditionary Corps dị ka onye agha site na 1951 ruo 1955. Mgbe ọ ọrịa afọ n'Eshia n'oge Agha Indochina Mbụ, ọ la n'ihi Niger, ebe ọ na-ama ike ọrụ. Ọ kwagara Côte d'Ivoire wee bụrụ onye na-ebu ụgbọ mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Abidjan. N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere onye France na-ahụ maka ụmụ ụmụ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Jean Rouch. Rouch nwere mmasị na obodo Naijiria na [[Côte d'Ivoire]] ma were Ganda n'ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ maka nyocha ya gbasara mbata na ọpụpụ.

Ọ bụ Rouch mere ka Ganda mara ihe nkiri. Ganda nwere obere ọrụ na ihe nkiri Rouch nke 1957 ''Zazouman nke Treichville'', na ọrụ ndu na Moi, un Noir (M, onye Negro) na 1958. Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, ọ laghachiri Niamey, ebe ọ banyere na Franco-Nigerien Cultural Center. Na klọb ọdịbendị na ihe nkiri nke Center, ọ zutere ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-enye ọzụzụ na ntụziaka, igwefoto, na ụda, ọ ghọkwara onye na-enyere onye ọrụ aka. Klọb ahụ mepụtara ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, na 1968 ha haziri asọmpi ihe nkiri, nke Ganda dere edemede nke ihe nkiri mbụ ya, ''Cabascabo'', dabere na ahụmịhe ya na Indochina. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe nkiri n'afọ ndị 1970, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara otuto mba ụwa ma bụrụ ụgbọ ala nke nkọwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ihe bụ otu steeti. Ihe a ma ama ya, Le Wazzou Polygame (1970) meriri FESPACO Film Festival Best Film Award. Na mgbakwunye na ihe nkiri ya dị egwu, Ganda dechara ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ma na-arụ ọrụ na otu n'oge ọ nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi na Jenụwarị 1, 1981.

=== Posthumous honors ===
N'etiti nsọpụrụ ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, nnukwu ebe ọdịnala, arụmọrụ, na ọbá akwụkwọ dị na Niamey, a gụrụ Le Centre Culturel Oumarou GANDA (C.C.O.G) aha ya na 1981, obere oge ka ọ nwụsịrị. 

Dị ka onye meriri ihe nrite kacha mma na mmemme ihe nkiri FESPACO nke afọ mbụ, mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, FESPACO malitere inye onyinye. ihe nrite ihe nkiri njiri mara Africa akpọrọ Oumarou Ganda Prize.

== Ihe nkiri ==

* ''Cabascabo'' (1968, nkeji iri anọ na ise, oji na ọcha, nke e mere kpamkpam n'asụsụ Zarma) Ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ nke na-ekwu maka ọrụ Ganda na French Expeditionary Corps na Indochina. Otu onye agha na-eto eto hụrụ ka ndị enyi ya nwụrụ n'agha maka ihe na-abụghị ha. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/artist/id/9418.html Films by Oumarou Ganda presented in Cannes]. festival-cannes.com Accessed 2009-03-30.&lt;/ref&gt;''Cabascabo'' gosipụtara na Paris na 1968 ma gosipụta ya na Cannes. &lt;ref name=&quot;Moscow1969&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1969|title=6th Moscow International Film Festival (1969)|accessdate=2012-12-21|work=MIFF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116194825/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1969|archivedate=2013-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; meriri diplọma na 6th Moscow International Film Festival, [1] ihe nrite ndị nkatọ mba ụwa na Malaga, na aha nsọpụrụ na Carthage Film Festival.
* Le Wazzou Polygame (1970, 50 nkeji, 16 mm, agba, asụsụ Zarma) Ihe nkiri nke abụọ nke Ganda na-ekwu maka ịlụ karịa otu nwanyị na ịlụ di na nwunye. &amp;nbsp;Ihe nkiri ndị a na-akatọ ndị [[Niger|Naijiria]] na ndị nwere ike n'[[Afrịka]]. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1551_whatisfespaco/page2.shtml The History of FESPACO]. BBC World Service, 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;'etiti onyinye ndị ọzọ, ọ natara nnukwu ihe nrite [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|FESPACO]] mbụ na 1972. [1]
* ''Saịtan'' (1972, 64 nkeji, 16 mm, agba, asụsụ Zarma) Ihe nkiri ọzọ nke nkatọ ọha na eze nke marabout na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-aga n'etiti nwanyị na-akwa iko na onye ọ hụrụ n'anya bara ọgaranya.&amp;nbsp;
* L'Exilé (1980, 90 nkeji, 16mm, agba) Nke akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Afrịka kpaliri. Ojiji nke akụkọ ọdịnala dị ka ihe mkpali bụ otu n'ime onyinye dị mkpa Ganda nyere na Ihe nkiri Afrịka.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111004191712/http://www.fofomag.com/Index.asp?affiche=News_Display.asp&amp;articleid=851&amp;rub=Culture Ntụle: Oumarou Ganda]. Fofo Magazine (Niamey) 28 Machị 2008.
* [http://www.planeteafrique.com/actualites/Index.asp?affiche=News_display.asp&amp;ID=2335 Ntụle nke ihe nkiri sinima Naijiria: Oumarou Ganda ]. Mbara ala Afrịka Guy Hennebelle na Catherine Ruelle, nke sitere n'aka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nke Africa Noire na Septemba 2008.
* Lyle Pearson Afọ anọ nke ihe nkiri Afrịka. Film Quarterly, Vol. 26, Nke 3 (Spring, 1973), peeji nke 42-47&amp;nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe nkiri na-egosi na mmadụ bụ ndị mmadụ University of Minnesota Press (2003)  Ajụjụ ọnụ na Rouch ebe ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka banyere Ganda bụ maka mmekọrịta ya na Rouch na mmalite ọrụ. ''Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Rouch ebe ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka banyere Ganda bụ maka mmekọrịta ya na Rouc na ọrụ mbụ ya.''
* Paul Stoller The Cinematic Griot: The Ethnography of Jean Rouch. Mahadum nke Chicago Press (1992)  
* Paul Stoller Artaud, Rouch, na Cinema nke Obi Ọjọọ. Visual Anthropology Review. Mpịakọta 8 Mbipụta 2, (September 1992) Peeji 50 - 57
* Nwachukwu Frank Ukadike Ihe nkiri Black African. University of California Press (1994)  peeji nke 75-79, 135, passim &amp;nbsp;
* [http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/T626208/GANDA_O.htm Oumarou Ganda] Encyclopædia Universalis France, nke e nwetara na 2009-03-30.

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* Maïzama Issa Oumarou Ganda: onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri: anya site n'ime ya banyere ọha mmadụ na-agbanwe agbanwe.  Usoro ọmụmụ na nchọpụta nke 136. Dakar: Enda-Edition, (1991). 

Expeditionary Corps dị ka onye agha site na 1951 ruo 1955. Mgbe ọ ọrịa afọ n'Eshia n'oge Agha Indochina{{Authority control}}</text>
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    <title>Petanqui</title>
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      <text bytes="1834" sha1="jwgoqq07nf3vsskirs81wlgfe58w2vs" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{Infobox film|name=Petanqui|director=Yeo Kozoloa|producer=Jean-Louis Koula|writer=|starring=[[Sidiki Bakaba]]&lt;br/&gt;Douta Seck|music=|cinematography=|editing=N'Zue Kouakou|studio=Les Films de la Montagne, O.R.T.N, Ciprofilm|distributor=[[Marfilmes]]|released={{Film date|1983}}|runtime=108 minutes|country=[[Ivory Coast]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Niger]]&lt;br/&gt;[[France]]|language=French}}'''''Petanqui''''' (aha izizi: Pétanqui (Le droit à la vie) bụ ihe nkiri ejije 1983 nke Yeo Kozoloa duziri.

== Nkọwa okwu ==
N'oge ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, Pétanqui - onye na-ahụ maka nkesa nri nye ndị mmadụ - na-enwe ndụ dị mma, ụlọ mara mma, ndị hụrụ n'anya na ụgbọ ala gọọmentị. Nwa ya nwoke si France lọta akara mmụta iwu, n'agbanyeghị na ọ kwadoghị ụzọ nna ya si ebi ndụ, o kpebiri ịgbachitere ya n'ụlọ ikpe mgbe eboro ya ebubo nrụrụaka ego.

Nchekwa ya na-aghọ ọgụ siri ike megide ndị ọrụ obodo na ndị òtù gọọmenti na-eji ọnọdụ ha eme ihe. A sị ka e kwuwe, nna ya bụ obere ihe ọjọọ nke steeti nrụrụ aka zuru oke na mba ahụ.

Site na akwụkwọ akụkọ 15 ans ça suffit nke Amadou Ousmane.

== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==

* Martin, Michael, Cinema nke Black Diaspora, Wayne State University Press, 1995, p. 165. 
* Stam, Robert; Raengo, Alessandra, Akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri, Blackwell Publishing, 2005, p. 307 n'arọ

[https://books.google.com/books?id=if2oWY58r9kC&amp;q=Literature+and+Film]

== Hụkwa ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130117052421/http://www.filmbirth.com/cote_d_ivoire.html/ History of Cinema in Ivory Coast]

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|0947506|Yeo Kozoloa}}
* {{IMDb title|0086098}}
* [http://www.africultures.com/php/index.php?nav=film&amp;no=8362 ''Petanqui''] in Africultures (in French)

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Diamond Zahra</title>
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      <text bytes="908" sha1="r75remkua62p9ije8gbzp4d48u9ucg4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Zahra Muhammad''' nke a makwaara dị ka Diamond Zahra ma ọ bụ Zahra Buzuwa bụ onye omempụ ọkachamara na Niger. A mụrụ Zahra na Tahoua mana ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na nke sekọndrị na Maradi niile na Republic of Niger. O si n'agbụrụ Tuareg. 

== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ==
Zahra kwagara Naijiria iji sonye na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Kannywood Hausa n'afọ 2018. Ihe nkiri nke mere ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ bụrụ onye ama ama bụ ihe nkiri &quot;Zuma Da Madaci (2018). Zarah emeela ihe nkiri dị iche iche dị ka ''Hanan'', Barrister Kabeer, ''Gidan Sirikai'', ''Sirrin So (Series) '', ''Yaudara'', na ndị ọzọ. pụtakwara n'ọtụtụ egwu Hausa na ndị egwu Hausa dịka; [[Hamisu Breaker]], [[Garzali Miko]], [[Umar M Shariff]] na ndị ọzọ.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zahra, Diamond}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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[[Usòrò:Daurama_Palace.jpg|thumb| Daurama Palace.]]
'''Daurama''' pronunciation ⓘ&lt;/link&gt; ma ọ bụ ịkpọ '''Magajiya''' pronunciation ⓘ&lt;/link&gt; (ihe dị ka narị afọ nke itoolu) bụ onye na-achị [[Ndi Haụsa|ndị Hausa]] bụ ndị, dịka Kabara Ikpeazụ nke Daura, bụ onye na-elekọta ọgba aghara nke mere ka a na-enyefe ikike site n'usoro ọchịchị ndị nna ochie nke ndị Hausa. Omenala ndị ọnụ na-ekwu na-echeta ya dị ka onye malitere &quot;Nne nne eze&quot; nke alaeze ukwu Hausa malitere na mpaghara anyị maara taa dị ka ọchịchị eze nke ugwu [[Niger]] na [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . A na-akọ akụkọ banyere Magajiya Daurama na akụkọ akụkọ [[Bayajidda]] .

Magajiya Daurama chịrị steeti a maara dị ka Daura, bụ obodo nwere otu aha, taa bụkwa Emirate na [[Ȯra Katsina|steeti Katsina]], Nigeria. A na-akpọ isi obodo mbụ nke steeti ahụ Tsohon Birni (&quot;Old Town&quot;); na n'oge ọchịchị ya Daurama kwagara isi obodo n'obodo Daura, nke a kpọrọ aha ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Odiaua|first=Ishanlosa|title=Terra 2008: Actes de la 10ème Conférence Internationale Sur L'étude Et la Conservation Du Patrimoine Bâti en Terre, Bamako, Mali, 1-5 Février 2008|url=https://archive.org/details/terra2008proceed0000inte|year=2011|publisher=Getty Publications|isbn=9781606060438|pages=[https://archive.org/details/terra2008proceed0000inte/page/120 120]|chapter=Earth Building Culture in Daura, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Nkwekọrịta Ọrụ Mmanye</title>
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{{Databox}} 

'''Nkwekọrịta ndị ọrụ mmanye''', &lt;ref&gt;Article 2.&lt;/ref&gt;aha zuru oke nke ya bụ Nkwe mmetụta gbasara mmanye ma ọ bụ ọrụ mmanye, 1930 (No.29), bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ILO nsogbu [1] nke International Labour Organization . fim ya na ngosi ya bụ ozizi iji ọrụ mmanye n'ụdị ya niile n'agbanyeghị ọrụ ma ọ bụ ngalaba ọrụ ike ya. Nkwe ahụ ahụ na-ahụ ọrụ mmanye dị ka &quot;nwere ma ọ bụ ọrụ niile nke a na-anagide n'aka onye ọ elala n'okpuru egvu nke ọ elelu na nke onye kwuru na-achọghị onwe ya n'afọ mgbanwe&quot; , ma e wezụga ole na ole dị ka ọrụ agha.

A nabatara ahụ na Geneva 28 June 1930 wee malite na 1 Mee 1932. Ka ọ na-erule nsọ 1932 mba iri akwadowo nke ahụ (Japan, Bulgaria, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Australia, Sweden, United Kingdom, Liberia, na Ireland ). Austria na 1960, Luxembourg na 1964 na Malta na 1965 bụ mba Europe ikpeazụ ngwaọrụ ahụ. Canada akwụkwọ ya na 2011 na dịka nke 2022, United States akwadoghị ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:1596796144127291::::P11300_INSTRUMENT_SORT:3|title=Ratifications of C029 – Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29)|author=International Labour Organization|date=2015|publisher=International Labour Organization|accessdate=4 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105451/http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:1596796144127291::::P11300_INSTRUMENT_SORT:3|archivedate=22 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ewezuga ==
Nkeji edemede 2 nke nkwekọrịta ewezuga na okwu ''mmanye ma ọ bụ ọrụ mmanye'' ndị a:

: (a) ọrụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọ bụla a kwadoro n'ihi iwu ọrụ agha maka ọrụ nke naanị agwa agha;
: (b) ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọ bụla bụ akụkụ nke ọrụ nkịtị nke ụmụ amaala nke obodo na-achị onwe ya kpam kpam;
: (c) ọrụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọ bụla a napụrụ n'aka onye ọ bụla n'ihi mkpebi ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe, ma ọ bụrụhaala na a na-arụ ọrụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ a n'okpuru nlekọta na njikwa nke ndị ọchịchị na onye ahụ a na-akwụghị ụgwọ n'ọrụ. nye ma ọ bụ tinye ya n'aka ndị mmadụ, ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị otu ;
: (d) ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọ bụla a na-akwụ ụgwọ n'ọnọdụ mberede, ya bụ, n'ọnọdụ agha, [[ọdachi]] ma ọ bụ [[Threatened calamity|ọdachi egwu]], dị ka [[Ọku|ọkụ]], [[idei mmiri]], ụnwụ nri, [[ala ọma jijiji]], ọrịa na-eme ihe ike ma ọ bụ ọrịa epizootic, mbuso agha site: [[Animal|anụmanụ]], ụmụ ahụhụ ma ọ bụ akwukwo nri pests, na n'ozuzu ọnọdụ ọ bụla nke ga-etinye ihe ize ndụ ịdị adị ma ọ bụ ọdịmma nke dum ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke ndị mmadụ;
: (e) Obere ọrụ mmekọ nke ụdị nke ndị otu obodo na-arụ maka ọdịmma obodo ahụ, enwere ike were ya dị ka ọrụ nkịtị dịịrị ndị otu obodo, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị otu obodo na-arụ. Ndị obodo ma ọ bụ ndị nnọchi anya ha ga-enwe ikike ka a ga-akpọtụrụ maka mkpa ọrụ dị otú ahụ.

Mba ndị otu UN na-abụghị ndị otu ILO bụ [[Andorra]], Bhutan, [[Liechtenstein]], Micronesia, [[Monako|Monaco]], Nauru, na North Korea ; steeti ndị a erughị eru ịkwado Nkwekọrịta ahụ ma ọbụghị na ha bu ụzọ banye ILO.

== Protocol ==
N'afọ 2014, Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Ụbọchị Mba Nile nakweere iwu: P29, Protocol of 2014 na Mgbakọ Ndị Ọrụ Ọrụ Amanye, 1930. Ejiri votu 437 ngwaọrụ ahụ, 8-amụ yana 27 (enwere vootu 3 maka otu obodo: otu maka ọrịa, otu maka ndị ọrụ, na otu maka ndị were ọrụ). Gọọmenti Thailand bụ naanị steeti steeti aka ewepụ nkuchi, [1] [2] n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-enye ozi ụbọchị ole na ole ka e ọma. [3] Usoro ahụ na-amanye ndị otu steeti inye ihe na-achọ njikere, nkwụkwụghachi, nye ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmanye na ịma ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmanye iwu. Ọ manyere ndị otu steeti iwu &quot;atụmatụ mba na akara ime ihe maka mmechi nke mmanye ma ọ bụ mmanye nke ọma na-adịgide adịgide&quot;.

Na 14 Mee 2015, [[Niger]] ghọrọ obodo izizi kwadoro Protocol 2014. Site na Nọvemba 2016, steeti itoolu akwadola ya: [[Argentina]], [[Chekia|Czech Republic]], [[France]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]], Niger, [[Norway]], Panama, na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] . Usoro ahụ batara na 9 Nọvemba 2016. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:3174672 Ratifications of Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndebanye aha obodo
* Iwu ahia ohu
* Ndebanye aha na North Korea
* Ndebanye aha na South Korea
** Ọrụ mgbakwunye na South Korea, onye na-elekọta mmadụ
* Mgbakọ Mgbakwụnye maka Mwepụ nke Ịgba Ohu

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20111205032813/http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C029 Ederede nke Mgbakọ Ndị Ọrụ Amanye] .
* [https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312174 Nkwenye] .
* [http://www.ilo.org/sapfl/lang--en/index.htm Mmemme mmemme pụrụ iche nke ILO iji lụso ndị ọrụ mmanye ọgụ (SAP-FL)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160529103252/http://thinkprogress.org/world/2014/06/12/3447958/thailand-military-regime-slavery/ Gọọmentị ndị agha Thailand tụrụ 'Ee' na ọrụ mmanye]</text>
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Clifford Owens bụ onye mgbasa ozi agwakọta nke Africa-American na onye na-ese ihe, onye edemede na onye kọrọ.  Akwụkwọ Owens na Baltimore, Maryland na 1971 wee mee ndụ nwata na Baltimore.  A maara Owens maka ọrụ ya nke na-adabere na ahụ ma na-agụnye ike ya na ndị na-ege ntī na n'Ịgba egwu.. &lt;ref&gt;[http://radicalpresenceny.org/?page_id=360 Radical Presence New York.] Artist Biography.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta na nkuzi ==
Clifford Owens gara Mahadum Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), [1] wee bufee ya na oflọ Akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago, nke akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na BFA na 1998. Ọ natara MFA ya na 2000 site na Mason Gross School of Arts,  Mahadum Rutgers na 2000, wee sonye na mmemme ụdị nke Whitney na 2001. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Clifford Owens Biography – Clifford Owens on artnet|url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/clifford-owens/biography|accessdate=2020-10-09|work=www.artnet.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gara Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture na Maine na 2004 ma bụrụ onye Artist-in-Residence na Studio Studio na Harlem 2005 – 2006.

Owens ndịworo na The Cooper Union, akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago, na Mason Gross School of Arts na Rutgers, yana NYU, ma bụrụ onye nkuzi na akwụkwọ nke Art, Mahadum Yale na ike 2011.

== Ọrụ ==
Na solos mbụ Owens na-egosi na Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, o ngosi, Foto na ndị na-ege ntĩ, otu ihe gbasara otú ihe mere eme nke nkà si akpata ihe mere eme nke foto.  N'ime ya, ọ ụmụaka ndị na-ege ntīt na ndị zara otu ihe ahụ ga-ese foto ha dị ka otu.

Na ihe ngosi solo ya Anthology na MoMA PS1, Owens mere akara akara nke ndị na-ese ojii na-enye ndị iro òkù isonye.  [1] Otu akara nke onye omenkà Kara Walker dere, wepụrụ ya mgbe ihe ngosi a na-elele mana Owens ugboro atọ na MoMA PS1 . &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.brooklynrail.org/2011/12/artseen/clifford-owens-anthology Fisher, Cora. &quot;Clifford Owens: Anthology.&quot;] Brooklyn Rail. November, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
Nkà nke Clifford Owen apụtala n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi otu na otu.  Ihe ngosi solo ya na On Stellar Rays Gallery na New York na 2008, &quot;Ahụhụ 173: Clifford Owens&quot; Contemporary Arts Museum Houston (2011), &quot;Anthology: Clifford Owens&quot; Museum of Modern Art PS1 (2011-2012), na &quot;  Kamma Onye nnupụisi ị mara &quot; na Cornerhouse, Manchester, England (2014).

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/291585/generations-a-history-of-black-abstract-art/|title=Generations: A History of Black Abstract Art - Announcements - e-flux|work=www.e-flux.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ihe ngosi nke otu ya &quot;Distillation&quot; na Fylkingen, Stockholm, Sweden (2003), &quot;Otu ndị ọzọ&quot; na kichin, New York, NY.  (2009), &quot;Ana ozi. Ntụleghachi na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide&quot; na Ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri Studio na Harlem, New York, NY.  (2010), &quot;100 Years&quot; na MoMA PS1, Long Island City, NY.  (2010), &quot;GNY: 5 Year Review&quot; na MoMA PS1, Long Island City, NY.  (2010 &quot;Radical Presence: Black Performance in Contemporary Art&quot; (Njem njem show) na Contemporary Arts Museum Houston (2012), Grey Art Gallery (NYU), Studio Museum na Harlem, na Walker Art Center (2012). , [1]  [2] &quot;Nke a Kiss&quot; na Danspace Project, St. Marks Church. (2013), [3] &quot;Nọgidere&quot; na Fergus McCaffrey (2017), [4]  &quot; na Baltimore Museum of Art (2019), [5] na &quot; iku ume: Bound na Loose&quot; na ndị dike ihe ngosi nke Baltimore (2020).

== Nchịkọta ==

* Museum of Modern Art, New York
* Ụlọ ihe nkiri Studio na Harlem

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131121093421/http://art.yale.edu/CliffordOwens Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Yale nke Art. Akụkọ ndụ onye na-ese ihe.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084522/http://static.squarespace.com/static/5481e857e4b098d4d79f3dc5/t/5486291ee4b05a94481a556c/1418078494370/.pdf Anthology.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084522/http://static.squarespace.com/static/5481e857e4b098d4d79f3dc5/t/5486291ee4b05a94481a556c/1418078494370/.pdf MOMA PS1] . Mbipụta ngosi.
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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[[Usòrò:Feedlot-1.jpg|alt=|thumb|350x350px|ehi na-eri anụ na Texas]]
Ebe nri ma ọ bụ ebe nri bụ ụdị ọrụ inye anụmanụ nri (AFO) nke a na-eji na-arụ ọrụ ugbo siri ike, ọkachasị ehi ehi, kamakwa ezì, ịnyịnya, atụrụ, [[Turkéy|turkey]], ọkụkọ ma ọ bụ ọbọgwụ, tupu e gbuo ya. A na-akpọ nnukwu ebe nri anụ ehi na-arụ ọrụ nri anụ ọhịa (CAFO) na United States [1] na ọrụ anụ ụlọ siri ike (ILOs) [2] ma ọ bụ ọrụ inye nri (CFO) [3] na Canada. Ha nwere ike ibu puku kwuru puku anụmanụ n'ụdị pensụl.

== Ebumnuche na iwu ==
Ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke feedlot bụ ịbawanye ụba abụba nke anụ ọ bụla nwetara ngwa ngwa o kwere mee; Ọ bụrụ na a na-edobe ụmụ anụmanụ n'ime ogige kama ikwe ka ha na-agafe n'ofe ahịhịa, ha ga-ebuwanye ibu ngwa ngwa na nke ọma site na agbakwunyere uru nke akụ na ụba.. 

Ọtụtụ feedlots chọrọ ụdị nkwado gọọmentị iji rụọ ọrụ, nke na-agụnye ikikere ọrụ ugbo. Ebe a na-azụ anụ ga-enwekwa atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi iji dozie nnukwu ihe mkpofu nke sitere na ọtụtụ anụ ụlọ. A na-etinye atụmatụ ugbo gburugburu ebe obibi iji mee ka a mara banyere gburugburu ebe obibi ma kpuchie akụkụ 23 dị iche iche gburugburu ugbo ahụ nke nwere ike imetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke United States|Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi]] nwere ikike n'okpuru Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha iji chịkwaa ọrụ nri anụmanụ niile na United States. A na-enye ikike a na steeti ọ bụla n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.&lt;ref&gt;2008 Final CAFO Rule, USEPA, Office of Water, 2009.  {{Cite web|url=http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/afo/cafofinalrule.cfm|title=EPA - Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations - Final Rule|accessdate=2009-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617232539/http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/afo/cafofinalrule.cfm|archivedate=2009-06-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Canada, a na-ekerịta usoro nchịkwa nke feedlots n'etiti ọkwa gọọmentị niile. Iwu chọrọ ka mpaghara ụfọdụ nwee atụmatụ nchịkwa nri, nke na-ele ihe niile ugbo ahụ ga-enye ụmụ anụmanụ ha nri, ruo na mineral.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Part 7 - Nutrient Management Plans|url=http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/nm/regs/nmpro/nmpro07-12.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311022331/http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/nm/regs/nmpro/nmpro07-12.htm|archivedate=March 11, 2014|work=[[Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (Ontario) | Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A chọrọ ugbo ọhụrụ iji mezue ma nweta ikikere n'okpuru iwu ọrụ anụ ụlọ, nke na-ele anya n'ebe nchekwa nsị kwesịrị ekwesị yana ebe dị anya site na ugbo ma ọ bụ ebe obibi ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/services/services_renderer.557.Licensing_of_Livestock_Operation.html|title=Licensing of Livestock Operation|date=15 March 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; A chọrọ akara RFID dị mkpa n'ime anụmanụ ọ bụla na-agafe ebe a na-eri nri na Canada, a na-akpọ akara CCIA (Canadian Cattle Identification Agency)  nke ụlọ ọrụ Canadian Food Inspection Agency CFIA na-achịkwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How Radio Frequency Identification Technology is used|url=https://www.canadaid.ca/tags-and-technology/how-rfid-is-used/|work=Canadian Cattle Identification Agency|date=30 September 2020|access-date=22 July 2024|archive-date=30 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530181705/https://www.canadaid.ca/tags-and-technology/how-rfid-is-used/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://inspection.gc.ca/animals/terrestrial-animals/traceability/regulatory-update-4/eng/1557984507732/1557984507989|title=Livestock Identification and Traceability Program (TRACE) newsletters|date=27 May 2019|accessdate=22 July 2024|archivedate=10 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910035859/http://www.inspection.gc.ca/animals/terrestrial-animals/traceability/regulatory-update-4/eng/1557984507732/1557984507989}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na [[Ostraliya|Australia]] ọrụ a na-arụ site na National Feedlot Accreditation Scheme (NFAS). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/20/pid/7084.htm|title=''Beef Cattle Production and Trade''|editor=Cottle, David|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|year=2014|isbn=9780643109889}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Usoro ihe omume na nri ==
Ụlọ ọrụ ehi na-arụ ọrụ n'usoro n'etiti onwe ha, tupu ha abanye n'ebe a na-azụ ehi, a na-amụ ụmụ ehi n'oge opupu ihe ubi ebe ha na nne ha na-anọ n'oge ọkọchị n'Ebe ịta nri ma ọ bụ n'ala ịta ahịhịa. A na-akpọ ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị a ọrụ ehi ma dị mkpa maka ọrụ nri iji gbaa ọsọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cattle.ca/cca-resources/animal-care/cow-calf-production/|title=Cow-calf Production » the Canadian Cattlemen's Association}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ozugbo ụmụ ehi ahụ ruru ịdị arọ dị n'agbata 300 na 700 pound (140 na 320  a na-achịkọta ha ma ree ha ozugbo na feedlots, ma ọ bụ zigara ha na ụlọ ahịa ehi maka feedlots iji kwụọ ha ụgwọ. Ozugbo a kpọfere ha n'ebe a na-azụ anụ, a na-etinye ha n'ụlọ ma na-elekọta ha maka ọnwa isii ruo asatọ sochirinụ ebe a na-enye ha nri zuru oke (TMR) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://extension.umn.edu/dairy-milking-cows/feeding-total-mixed-rations|title=Feeding total mixed rations|work=extension.umn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; iji malite njem nke uto ha na-aga n'ihu site na nne ha. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, TMR ndị a na-agụnye nri, ọka, mineral, na ihe mgbakwunye iji baara anụmanụ uru ma mee ka nri dịkwuo mma. A makwaara nri ndị a ka ha nwere ụdị nri ndị ọzọ dị iche iche dị ka [[Nri anụmanụ]] pụrụ iche nke nwere ọka, ọka (ụfọdụ n'ime ha sitere na ethanol na mmepụta ọka dị elu), [[Sorghum bicolor|Milo]], ọka bali, na ọka dị iche iche. Ụfọdụ nri nwere ike ịnwe redghage dị ka ọka ọka, ahịhịa, sorghum, ma ọ bụ hay ndị ọzọ, nri cottone, premixes nke nwere ike ịnwa ma ọ bụghị naanị ọgwụ nje, ngwaahịa fermentation, micro &amp; macro mineral na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa a zụrụ n'aka ụlọ ọrụ mineral, na-abụkarị n'ụdị nkwakọba ihe, maka ịgwakọta na nri azụmahịa. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nri nwere ike ide ọgwụ a ga-agbakwunye n'ime nri ugbo ma ọ bụrụ na onye na-ahụ maka anụmanụ achọrọ. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-arụkarị ọrụ na ndị na-ahụ maka nri na-edozi ahụ bụ ndị na-enyere aka n'ịmepụta nri ndị a iji hụ na ụmụ anụmanụ ha na-enweta ọkwa mineral na vitamin a tụrụ aro, kamakwa iji jide n'aka na ụmụ anụ ọhịa anaghị efu nri n'ime nsị ha.&lt;ref&gt;R. A. Zinn University of California, Davis  [http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/faculty/zinn/pdf/04.pdf A Guide to Feed Mixing]&lt;/ref&gt; N'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ America na Canada, a na-eji ọka bali, ọka wit dị ala, Chick peas (garbanzo beans), oats na mgbe ụfọdụ poteto dị ka nri.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2008)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

N'ime nri a na-ahụkarị, nri ehi bụ ihe dịka 62% roughage, 31% ọka, 5% mgbakwunye (minerals na vitamin), na 2% premix. Nri dị elu na-ebelata pH na rumen ụmụ anụmanụ. N'ihi nrụgide nke ọnọdụ ndị a, na n'ihi ọrịa ụfọdụ, ọ nwere ike ịdị mkpa inye ụmụ anụmanụ ọgwụ nje mgbe ụfọdụ.&lt;ref&gt;Friend, Catherine. The Compassionate Carnivore: Or, How to Keep Animals Happy, save Old MacDonald's Farm, Reduce Your Hoofprint, and Still Eat Meat. Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Lifelong, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nri nri na-akwalite uto nke uru ahụ na nkesa nke abụba ụfọdụ (nke a maara dị ka marbling na anụ e gburu egbu). Marbling bụ ihe na-amasị ndị na-azụ ahịa, ebe ọ na-enye aka na ụtọ na ịdị nro. Ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a nwere ike inweta pound 400-600 ọzọ (180 kilogram) n'oge ihe dị ka ụbọchị 200 ya n'ime ebe a na-azụ anụ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Steer Feeding Guidelines Based on Hip Height Measurements|url=https://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/4h9457/$file/SteerFeedingGuidelines.pdf?OpenElement|accessdate=2024-07-22|archivedate=2024-07-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722075728/https://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/4h9457/$file/SteerFeedingGuidelines.pdf?OpenElement}}&lt;/ref&gt; dabere na ịdị arọ ya n'ọnụ ụzọ, yana otu anụmanụ ahụ si enweta uru ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.harrisranchbeef.com/about_feeding.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050306001926/http://www.harrisranchbeef.com/about_feeding.html|archivedate=6 March 2005|title=Harris Feeding Company|date=6 March 2005|accessdate=15 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;nbsp;Ozugbo ehi buru ibu ruo n'ibu ha gwụchara, a na-ebugharị ehi ndị a na-enye nri gaa n'Ebe a na-egbu anụ.

== Ahụike na ọdịmma anụmanụ ==
Ebe a na-azụ anụ na-adabere nke ukwuu na ahụike nke anụ ụlọ ya, ebe ọ bụ na ọrịa nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ụmụ anụmanụ, na ịchịkwa ọrịa nwere ike isi ike na ọtụtụ ụmụ anụmanụ bi n'otu. Ọtụtụ feedlots ga-enwe usoro mbata nke a na-enye ụmụ anụmanụ ọhụrụ na-abanye n'ogige ahụ ọgwụ mgbochi iji chebe ha pụọ na ọrịa nwere ike ibilite na izu ole na ole mbụ na feedlots. A na-ekwukarị ma mepụta usoro mbata ndị a na dọkịta anụmanụ nke ugbo ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na enwere ọtụtụ ihe nwere ike imetụta ahụike nke ehi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Feedlot Health Management|url=http://www.cattle.ca/cca-resources/animal-care/feedlot-health-management/|work=Canadian Cattle Association}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu ọrụ siri ike ma dị mkpa na ebe a na-azụ ehi bụ ịchọpụta ehi ọ bụla na-arịa ọrịa, ma gwọọ ha iji mee ka ha laghachi azụ. Ịmara mgbe anụmanụ na-arịa ọrịa na-esiri ike mgbe ụfọdụ ebe ehi bụ anụ oriri ma ga-anwa izochi adịghị ike ha pụọ n'ihe egwu. Anụmanụ na-arịa ọrịa ga-adịkarị ka ọ dị gịrịgịrị, nwere ike ịnwe imi na-agba agba na / ma ọ bụ imi kpọrọ nkụ, ọ ga-enwekwa ntị na-ada, ijide mgbaàmà ndị a n'oge nwere ike ịbụ isi ihe na-eme ka anụmanụ nwee ihe ịga nke ọma. Ihe kacha mma na-egosi ahụike bụ okpomọkụ nke ehi, mana nke a anaghị ekwe omume mgbe niile mgbe ị na-ele ọtụtụ anụmanụ kwa ụbọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecattlesite.com/articles/2038/identifying-sick-or-injured-cattle|title=Identifying Sick or Injured Cattle|work=www.thecattlesite.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nri nke ụmụ anụmanụ na ihe dị iche iche dị n'ime nri ahụ bụ arụmụka. A na-enye ehi n'ebe a na-azụ anụ ụlọ nri ọka karịa nri okike. A na-eme nke a iji mee ka ha buru ibu ngwa ngwa, mana ọ na-eduga na abscesses na ahụ erughị ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=MacDonald|first=James M.|editor=Hazlett|title=CAFOs: Farm Animals and Industrialized Livestock Production|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780190496616.001.0001/acref-9780190496616-e-240|work=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Agriculture and the Environment|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=9 March 2021|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780190496616.001.0001|date=15 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nri na-eri mkpụrụ nwekwara ike ibute uto nke nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ dịka ''Clostridium perfringens'' na E. coli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 11, 2001|title=Diet and Disease in Cattle: High-Grain Feed May Promote Illness and Harmful Bacteria|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/05/010511074623.htm|publisher=American Association For The Advancement Of Science}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mkpụrụ ọka dị ukwuu n'ime nri nwere ike ime ka ehi nwee nsogbu dịka ọzịza, [[afọ ọsịsa]] na nsogbu mgbari nri, nke bụ ihe mere nlekota anya nke ụmụ anụmanụ, yana ịrụ ọrụ na ndị na-eri nri na-edozi ahụ dị ezigbo mkpa maka ndị ọrụ ugbo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rasby|first=Rick J.|date=May 2010|title=Bloat Prevention and Treatment in Cattle|url=https://extensionpubs.unl.edu/publication/g2018/html/view|work=[[University of Nebraska-Lincoln]]|accessdate=2024-07-22|archivedate=2024-05-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524095702/https://extensionpubs.unl.edu/publication/g2018/html/view}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdịmma anụmanụ bụ nnukwu esemokwu gbasara ugbo taa ka ndị na-azụ ahịa egosila nchegbu ha maka ọdịmma anụmanụ ndị a. Ebe a na-eri nri n'ime ụlọ nwere ihe dị n'elu nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu ụkwụ gụnyere nkwonkwo fụrụ akpụ. N'ebe a na-eri nri n'èzí, ihe gbasara ọdịmma gụnyere apịtị na mpaghara mmiri ozuzo; nrụgide okpomọkụ na feedlots na-adịghị ndo; mmiri ezughi oke ịṅụ; oke oyi, yana nsogbu na njikwa ehi (dịka ihe ọkụ eletrik). &lt;ref name=&quot;Evaluation of the welfare of cattle housed in outdoor feedlot pens&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2016|title=Evaluation of the welfare of cattle housed in outdoor feedlot pens|journal=Veterinary and Animal Science|volume=1-2|pages=23–28|doi=10.1016/j.vas.2016.11.001|author=Grandin|first=Temple|pmid=32734021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mmiri nke ọtụtụ ehi na-ekerịta nwere ike ịbawanye mgbasa nke ọrịa gụnyere Ọrịa iku ume ehi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Evaluation of the welfare of cattle housed in outdoor feedlot pens&quot;/&gt;

== Ijikọghachi ihe mkpofu ==
Enwere ụzọ ole na ole a na-ejikarị emegharị ihe mkpofu n'ime ebe a na-eri nri, nke a na-ahụkarị bụ ịgbasa ya azụ n'ubi a na-akụ ihe ọkụkụ a na-azụ anụ ụlọ. N'ozuzu, ebe a na-eri nri na-enye anụ ụlọ ha ihe ndina dị ka ahịhịa, ahịhịa, ịkpụ osisi, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ sitere n'ubi (igbo soybean, ọka ọka), bụ nke a na-agwakọta ya na nri ka anụ ụlọ na-eji akwa akwa. Ozugbo ihe ndina ahụ kwụsịrị iji ya eme ihe, a na-agbasa nsị anụ ahụ ozugbo n'ubi ma ọ bụ na-ekpokọta ngwaahịa ka ọ daa ma malite ịkwa nri. Ụdị imegharị ihe na-adịghị adịkarị na ụlọ ọrụ feedlot bụ nri mmiri mmiri nke bụ ebe a na-achọta ihe ndina dị ntakịrị na nri, ya mere ọ na-anọ mmiri mmiri wee gbasaa n'ubi n'ụdị mmiri mmiri. Ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ebe a na-eri ehi na-eji paịlị na-apụ apụ n'oge oyi nke ejiri ihe ndina fọdụrụ n'osisi mee ihe n'ọrụ ha.[1] A na-edobe ihe oriri n'ime osisi mkpofu na nsị anụ ụlọ ma enwere ike ịmegharị ya n'ime usoro ugbo ma ejiri ya. Osisi biogas na-enwekwa ike iji nri anụ ụlọ na-emepụta mmanụ ọkụ, na usoro mgbaze anaerobic ndị a mara na ha na-ejide methane n'ụdị a na-eji eme ihe, ebe ha na-etinye uche na nitrogen, ihe bara uru a na-achọta na nri nke ha na-eji na-agbasa n'ubi ha.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ebu ụzọ webatara ịta nri ehi n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ buru ibu n'afọ ndị 60, mgbe ọchịchọ maka anụ ehi dị elu nke ukwuu pụtara.[1] Ndị ọrụ ugbo malitere ịmara nke ọma n'ịmecha anụ ehi, ma gosikwara mmasị n'akụkụ dị iche iche metụtara nri nri dị ka ahụike ala, nlekọta ihe ọkụkụ, na otu esi ejikwa ụgwọ ọrụ. Site na mmalite 60s ruo 90's ịzụ anụ ehi n'ụdị feedlot gosipụtara nnukwu uto, na ọbụna taa a na-akwalite ụlọ ọrụ feedlot mgbe niile site na ihe ọmụma na sayensị ọhụrụ yana teknụzụ. Na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, ọrụ feeder dị iche na ọrụ ndị ọzọ metụtara ya na ebe nri adịghị adị.[2] Ha pụtara na 1950s na 1960s n'ihi mkpụrụ osisi ngwakọ na usoro ịgba mmiri; Mkpụrụ ọka buru ibu sochirinụ dugara n'iwe ihe ubi n'ụba. O kwere omume na mberede ịzụ nnukwu anụ ụlọ n'otu ebe, ya mere, iji belata ụgwọ njem, ugbo ọka na ebe nri nri jikọtara ọnụ. A naghịzi ezipụ ehi site n'akụkụ niile nke steeti ndịda gaa ebe dị ka California, ebe nnukwu ụlọ ogbugbu dị. N'afọ ndị 1980, ndị na-akpa anụ gbasoro ụzọ nri nri ma dịkwa nso ha ugbu a.

== Ahịa ==
E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ e ji ere ehi nye ndị na-etinye anụ. Spot, ma ọ bụ ego, ahịa bụ usoro ọdịnala na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Ọnụahịa na-emetụta ihe a na-enye ugbu a na ihe a chọrọ ma na-ekpebi ya site na ịdị arọ ma ọ bụ onye ọ bụla. Ihe yiri nke a bụ nkwekọrịta n'ihu, nke a na-ekpebi ọnụahịa n'otu ụzọ ahụ mana ọ bụghị mgbanwe ahịa na-emetụta ya. Nkwekọrịta ndị na-aga n'ihu na-ekpebi ọnụahịa ire ere n'etiti ndị otu abụọ na-ekwurịta okwu maka oge a kapịrị ọnụ. Otú ọ dị, usoro a bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ihe ọmụma banyere mmepụta mmepụta na njikere nke akụkụ abụọ iji tinye onwe ha n'ihe ize ndụ n'ahịa ọdịnihu. Ụzọ ọzọ, ọnụahịa usoro, na-aghọ usoro kachasị ewu ewu, n'ihi na ọ na-anọchite anya uru anụ nke onye na-etinye ya. Nke a chọrọ ntụkwasị obi n'etiti ndị na-etinye ihe na ebe a na-eri nri, ọ bụkwa n'okpuru nkatọ site na ebe a ga-eri nri n'ihi na ego a kwụrụ na ebe a a na-azụ anụ na-ekpebi site na nyocha nke ndị na-eme ihe na anụ natara. N'ikpeazụ, ọnụahịa nke dị ndụ ma ọ bụ nke dị arọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Ụdị ndị ọzọ gụnyere ọnụahịa grid na ọnụahịa anụ ehi. Usoro ahịa kachasị arụmụka sitere na njikọta kwụ ọtọ nke feedlots nwere ndị na-ere ahịa, nke ka na-anọchite anya ihe na-erughị 10% nke usoro niile, mana ọ na-etolite kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ.&lt;ref&gt;Ward, Clement. 2005. “Captive Supply Price Relationships and Impacts.” Oklahoma State University Oklahoma Extension Service. Bull. No. F-598.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị ọzọ ==
Nhọrọ maka ebe a na-eri nri bụ ikwe ka ehi na-ata ahịhịa n'oge ndụ ha niile, mana nke a anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma nwee ike bụrụ ihe ịma aka. Maka Canada na Northern USA, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịta nri kwa afọ n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike nke oyi. Ụzọ ịta nri a na-achịkwa nke ọma na-achọ ka ọnụ ahịa anụ ehi dị elu karịa, ehi na-ewekwa ogologo oge iji rute ibu ahịa..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=September 22, 2023|title=What's the Beef? The Pros and Cons of Grass Fed vs. Grain Fed|url=https://www.trulocal.ca/blog/title/whats-the-beef-the-pros-and-cons-of-grass-fed-vs-grain-fed/id/133|work=truLOCAL}}&lt;/ref&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. Website provides meat delivery services, conflict of interest? (May 2024)&quot;&gt;unreliable source?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ugbo Azụ siri ike
* Triangle ọlaedo nke ịkpa anụ
* Anụ ụlọ
* Ịchịkwa ịta ahịhịa
* Ụlọ Nsọ Grandin

== Ebem si dee ==</text>
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    <title>Edigold Monday</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Edigold Monday''', onye na-agụ ego [[Uganda]], onye ọchụnta ego, onye isi ụlọ akụ, na onye nkuzi. Ọ bụ onye isi obodo Uganda nke Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe ntọala maka nkwado mba ụwa ( German  &lt;/link&gt;&lt;/link&gt; ). , kemgbe Disemba 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;Profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=5 December 2019|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/edigold-monday-469626112/|title=Profile of Edigold Monday|publisher=LinkedIn.com|author=Edigold Monday|date=5 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mbụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi njikwa na onye isi nchịkwa nke Commercial Bank of Africa (Rwanda), &lt;ref name=&quot;Op&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Hope Magazine|author=Abraham Rumanzi|url=http://www.hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&amp;option=read&amp;ca=1&amp;a=1715|title=Crane Bank Opens In Rwanda, Promises Traders Exclusive Financial Services|date=20 August 2014|accessdate=20 October 2016|archive-date=21 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021004347/http://www.hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&amp;option=read&amp;ca=1&amp;a=1715|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ụlọ akụ azụmaahịa nwere ikike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=[[National Bank of Rwanda]] (BNR)|title=List of Licensed Banks|author=BNR|url=http://www.bnr.rw/fileadmin/AllDepartment/FinancialStability/BankingSupervision/List_of_licensed_banks_2015.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=20 October 2016|date=31 December 2015|archivedate=21 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021012805/http://www.bnr.rw/fileadmin/AllDepartment/FinancialStability/BankingSupervision/List_of_licensed_banks_2015.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu mgbe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi njikwa nke [[Ụlọ Akụ̀ nke Africa Uganda Limited|Bank of Africa (Uganda)]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Top&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Today’s Uganda Top Fifty Women Movers|accessdate=2 August 2014|date=8 March 2011|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1120990/-/c41w9mz/-/index.html|author=National Politics}}&lt;/ref&gt; Monday bụ nwanyị mbụ onye Uganda nwere ọkwa onye isi nchịkwa na onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na BOA-Uganda nakwa nwanyị mbụ bụ onye Uganda jere ozi dịka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ nke ụlọ akụ azụmahịa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 December 2010|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1276613/uganda-local-woman-commercial-bank-managing-director|title=Uganda Gets Her First Local Woman Commercial Bank Managing Director|author=David Ssempijja|accessdate=20 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
A nabatara Monday na Mahadum Makerere na 1984, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1987, na Bachelor of Arts na akụnụba na agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ bụ onye Akaụntụ Akaụntụ nke Chartered, nke Òtù Ndị Akaụntụ Akaụntụ Chartered kwadoro. Nzere ya nke abụọ bụ [[Master nke Nchịkwa Azụmaahịa|Master of Business Administration]], enwetara na Mahadum Heriot-Watt . Ọ gaala ọtụtụ nkuzi azụmaahịa, njikwa na ụlọ akụ ndị ọzọ, dịka akwụkwọ edemede ya n'ịntanetị siri dị. &lt;ref name=&quot;Profile&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Monday ghọrọ onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ na 1994, malite dị ka onye na-azụ ego na Centenary Bank . N'ime ọtụtụ afọ, ọ gbagoro n'ọkwa nke Chief Internal Auditor na Centenary Bank na 2001. Na 2004 ọ hapụrụ Centenary wee sonye na Uganda Wildlife Authority, dịka onye isi nchịkwa ego na nchịkwa ha, site na June 2004 ruo Jenụwarị 2007. &lt;ref name=&quot;Profile&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;About&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/38-business/business/2064-the-women-to-watch-in-2009|title=The Women to Watch in 2009|date=7 January 2009|accessdate=20 October 2016|author=Jeff Mbanga|archivedate=21 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021002819/http://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/38-business/business/2064-the-women-to-watch-in-2009}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJeff_Mbanga2009&quot;&gt;Jeff Mbanga (7 January 2009). . ''[[Onye nleba anya (Uganda)|The Observer (Uganda)]]''. Kampala&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 October&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

O mechara sonye na Commercial Microfinance (CMF), ụlọ ọrụ Tier II Microfinance Institution, na-arịgo n'ogo nke onye isi nchịkwa. Kedu mgbe Industrial and General Insurance Company Plc. nke [[Naijiria]] nwetara CMF na 2008, na-atụgharị aha ụlọ ọrụ Global Trust Bank, Monday jere ozi dị mkpirikpi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa oge tupu ya abanye na BOA-Uganda. N'afọ 2009, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa na BOA-Uganda. A kwadoro ya na ikike ahụ na December 2010, ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ ruo mgbe ọ kwụsịrị n'April 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;Profile&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;About&quot;/&gt;

Dị irè na 30 June 2014, Monday rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa / onye isi nchịkwa nke Crane Bank Rwanda Limited . &lt;ref name=&quot;Int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-06-16/200827/|title=Women are good at multitasking - Crane Bank MD|date=16 June 2016|first=Sharon|author=Kantengwa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe Commercial Bank of Africa (Rwanda) nwetara Crane Bank Rwanda, na 21 February 2018, Edigold Monday ghọrọ onye isi nchịkwa nke ụlọ akụ ọhụrụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/CBA-takes-over-Rwanda-bank/2560-4350788-g6743tz/index.html|title=CBA takes over Rwanda bank after closing $9.69 million buyout|date=21 March 2018|accessdate=28 April 2018|first=Mugambi|author=Mutegi}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;New&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=28 April 2018|url=http://awfpnairobi2018.com/speakers/2018-speakers/|title=AWFP Nairobi 2018: Awards &amp; Annual Conference: Speakers: Edigold Monday, Managing Director, CBA Rwanda|publisher=African Women in Fintech &amp; Payments (AWFP)|author=AWFP|date=28 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na July 2018, CBA Rwanda họpụtara Lina Mukashyaka Higiro, onye [[Rwanda|Rwandan]] dị ka onye isi oche ọhụrụ, si otú ahụ dochie Edigold Monday. &lt;ref name=&quot;HomeR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201807100104.html|title=Rwanda: Career Moves - CBA Bank Rwanda Gets New CEO|date=9 July 2018|author=Collin Mwai|accessdate=7 March 2020|format=via [[AllAfrica.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta ụlọ akụ dị na Uganda
* Ndepụta ụlọ akụ dị na Rwanda
* Ndepụta ụlọ akụ dị na Kenya
* Ndepụta ụlọ akụ dị na Africa

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Monday, Edigold}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Chidimma Vanessa Onwe Adetshina''' bụ onye Naijiria na South Africa mara mma nke meriri Miss Universe Nigeria 2024, mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Miss Universe South Africa n'ihi ụmụ amaala abụọ ya. Ọ nọchitere anya Naijiria na asọmpi Miss Universe 2024 na [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] ma mechie dị ka onye nke abụọ, na-egosi ọkwa kachasị elu nke mba ahụ na asọmpi ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hunter|first=Qaanitah|title=How a beauty queen became the face of South Africa-Nigeria tensions|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/9/17/how-a-beauty-queen-became-the-face-of-south-africa-nigeria-tensions|accessdate=2024-10-04|work=Al Jazeera|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Chidimma Vanessa Onwe Adetshina na Soweto n'aka nna Naijiria, na nne Mozambik.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Nna ya bụ onye Igbo ebe nne ya bụ onye Mozambik nke a na-ebo ebubo na ọ na-eme aghụghọ na South Africa. Adetshina tolitere na [[Cape Town]]. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2024, ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ iwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 August 2024|title=Miss South Africa finalist faces xenophobic online abuse over Nigerian heritage|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/miss-south-africa-xenophobic-abuse-nigerian-father-b2590062.html|accessdate=4 August 2024|work=The Independent|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Savage|first=Rachel|date=1 August 2024|title=Miss South Africa contestant faces backlash over Nigerian father|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/01/miss-south-africa-contestant-faces-backlash-over-nigerian-father|accessdate=4 August 2024|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Akhimien|first=Nosakhale|date=23 July 2024|title=Miss South Africa 2024: Finalist Chidimma Adetshina faces xenophobic backlash|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/716462-miss-south-africa-2024-finalist-chidimma-adetshina-faces-xenophobic-backlash.html|accessdate=1 September 2024|work=Premium Times Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Miss South Africa 2024: Chidimma Adetshina's participation sparks nationality row|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn38ppr4zj0o|accessdate=4 August 2024|work=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Egwuregwu ==

=== Miss South Africa 2024 ===
Adetshina banyere na Miss South Africa 2024, &lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot;/&gt; mana mgbe Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime nyochara ụmụ amaala nne ya, ọ hapụrụ asọmpi ahụ, na-ekwu maka nchegbu maka nchekwa na ọdịmma ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ncwane|first=Nokwanda|date=1 August 2024|title='Xenophobic minister': Gayton McKenzie slammed for comments on Miss SA finalist|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/gayton-mckenzie-comments-on-miss-sa-finalist-chidimma-adetshina-onwe-vanessa/|accessdate=4 August 2024|work=The South African|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 July 2024|title=Miss South Africa 2024: Chidimma Adetshina dey qualified to contest - Organisers respond to calls for her disqualification|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cz47z840n2eo|accessdate=4 August 2024|work=BBC News Pidgin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2024-08-04-black-people-hate-themselves-pac-on-backlash-against-miss-sas-chidimma-adetshina/|title='Black people hate themselves': PAC on backlash against Miss SA's Chidimma Adetshina|accessdate=2024-11-17|archivedate=2024-08-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805025018/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2024-08-04-black-people-hate-themselves-pac-on-backlash-against-miss-sas-chidimma-adetshina/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha ahụ mechara kpughee ihe akaebe mbụ nke aghụghọ na ohi njirimara metụtara nnweta nne ya nke nwa amaala South Africa na afọ puku abụọ na otu. E kwuru na ya enweghị ike isonye na asọmpi ahụ n'ihi ikpe a na-echere.   &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 August 2024|title=Chidimma Adetshina 2024: Net Worth, Profile, Husband, Nationality, Parent, Age, Wikipedia - POP GOLDEN MAGAZINE|url=https://popgolden.org/is-chidinma-a-nigerian-a-look-at-the-life-of-the-pageant/|accessdate=8 August 2024|language=en-US|archivedate=8 August 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808095531/https://popgolden.org/is-chidinma-a-nigerian-a-look-at-the-life-of-the-pageant/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=France-Presse|first=Agence|date=7 August 2024|title=Miss South Africa contest in turmoil as finalist's mother accused of fraud|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/07/miss-south-africa-contest-in-turmoil-as-finalists-mother-accused-of|accessdate=8 August 2024|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Arụmụka ====
Ntinye aka Adetshina na asọmpi Miss South Africa chere nyocha ihu n'ihi ajụjụ gbasara ịbụ nwa amaala na iru eru ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Heever|first=Megan van den|date=4 August 2024|title='I'll apologise': Gayton on IF Chidimma can 'prove' SA citizenship|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/local-celebs/gayton-mckenzie-xenophobic-miss-sa-chidimma-adetshina-nigerian-nationality-watch/|accessdate=4 August 2024|work=The South African|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; E welitere nchegbu banyere ụmụ amaala abụọ ya nke South Africa na Nigeria, na-eduga Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'Ụlọ Na-eme na South Africa iji nyochaa nzụlite ya. Nnyocha ahụ kwuru na ọ kpughere ihe akaebe mbụ na-atụ aro nsogbu ndị nwere ike ịpụta na nne ya nwetara nwa amaala South Africa. E kwuru na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'Ụlọ na-eme atụmatụ ime ihe ọzọ, nke nwere ike ịgụnye ebubo mpụ dabere na nchọpụta nyocha ahụ.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 August 2024|title=Home Affairs Department probe finds mom of Miss SA contestant may have committed identity theft|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/home-affairs-department-probe-finds-mom-of-miss-sa-contestant-may-have-committed-identity-theft-20240807|accessdate=7 August 2024|work=News24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 August 2024|title=Home Affairs makes shocking findings on Chidimma Adetshina's citizenship|url=https://www.swisherpost.co.za/2024/08/07/home-affairs-makes-shocking-findings-on-chidimma-adetshina-citizenship/|accessdate=7 August 2024|work=Swisher Post|archive-date=7 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807204832/https://www.swisherpost.co.za/2024/08/07/home-affairs-makes-shocking-findings-on-chidimma-adetshina-citizenship/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adetshina nwetara nkwado site n'aka ọha na eze bụ ndị hụrụ ya dị ka onye nnọchiteanya nke ndị bi na South Africa. Otu òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị n'aka ekpe nke South Africa, Economic Freedom Fighters,   gbachitere ya n'ihu ọha, na-akpọ oku ka a kwụsị xenophobia na South Africa ma na-akwado maka itinye aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/eff-condemns-xenophobic-attacks-against-miss-sa-finalist-chidimma-adetshina-e3acde12-03af-4a0e-8d58-147e72e9f8ab|title=EFF condemns xenophobic attacks against Miss SA finalist Chidimma Adetshina}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mokwena|first=Tebogo|date=31 July 2024|title=&quot;Remnants of apartheid and colonialisation&quot;: EFF slams SA for Adetshina saga|url=https://briefly.co.za/politics/193182-eff-condemns-attacks-sa-finalist-chidimma-adetshina/|accessdate=4 August 2024|work=Briefly|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na òtù ndị ọzọ, ya bụ African National Congress na Patriotic Alliance &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; kwadoro nyocha maka mba ya. Minista na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị n'ime obodo, Leon Schreiber, kwupụtara na ngalaba ahụ ga-enyocha mba Adetshina naanị mgbe ezinụlọ ya rịọrọ ya. Arụmụka ọzọ pụtara mgbe vidiyo gbasara n'ịntanetị na-egosi Adetshina na-eme emume ọganihu ya na ndị ikwu ya bụ ndị Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2024-08-06-parents-ask-home-affairs-to-probe-chidimma-adetshinas-nationality/|title=Parents ask home affairs to probe Chidimma Adetshina's nationality}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Molapo|first=Maki|title=Prima facie evidence that Chidimma Adetshina's mother may have committed fraud, identity theft - Home Affairs|url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2024/08/08/prima-facie-evidence-that-chidimma-adetshinas-mother-may-have-committed-fraud-identity-theft-home-affairs|accessdate=8 August 2024|work=EWN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 August 2024|title=Chidimma Adetshina citizenship: Home Affairs for South Africa release preliminary findings on Miss SA contestant|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c33nvrjry25o|accessdate=8 August 2024|work=BBC News Pidgin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Thamm|first=Marianne|date=7 August 2024|title=Miss SA saga is a blot on our country's constitutional DNA|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2024-08-07-miss-sa-saga-is-a-blot-on-our-countrys-constitutional-dna/|accessdate=8 August 2024|work=Daily Maverick|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Heever|first=Megan van den|date=2 August 2024|title=Opinion: Tatjana's dad is also a foreigner, so why 'hate' Chidimma?|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/opinion/opinion-tatjana-smith-schoenmaker-parents-nationality-miss-sa-chidimma-adetshina-nigerian-pa-latest/|accessdate=4 August 2024|work=The South African|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Egwuregwu Miss South Africa kwenyesiri ike na Adetshina mezuru ihe niile achọrọ iji sonye na asọmpi ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=4 August 2024|title=Discussion {{!}} Miss SA 2024 {{!}} Pageant says Adetshina meets all requirements - eNCA|url=https://www.enca.com/videos/discussion-miss-sa-2024-pageant-says-adetshina-meets-all-requirements|accessdate=4 August 2024|work=www.enca.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba nke afọ puku abụọ na iri abụo na anọ, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime nke South Africa kagburu akwụkwọ njirimara ya na South Africa mgbe nyocha banyere mmalite nne ya gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kupemba|first=Danai Nesta|date=31 October 2024|title=South Africa to strip beauty queen of ID documents|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy0lpdl2lweo|accessdate=31 October 2024|work=BBC|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ihe si na ya pụta ====
N'ihi mmegbu nke Adetshina site n'aka ụfọdụ ndị South Africa, ndị na-ahazi Puebla International Festival wepụrụ akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù ya nye ndị nnọchiteanya na ndị ọbịa South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Zuma|first=Mbalenhle|date=2024-08-09|title='Victimisation' of Adetshina costs SA a spot at Puebla Festival|url=https://sundayworld.co.za/news/victimisation-of-adetshina-costs-sa-a-spot-at-puebla-festival/|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=Sunday World|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị njikwa kwuru n'akwụkwọ ozi ya na X na mwepụ ahụ bụ n'ihi na South Africa mebiri ụkpụrụ nke ikpe ziri ezi na ịha nhata, yana ùgwù mmadụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ na-achọ ịnọgide na-enwe. A naghịzi edepụta mba ahụ dị ka mba a na-eme na emume ahụ, nke a na-ememe na Mexico.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2024-08-09|title=Puebla Literature Festival Withdraws South African Guests Over Chidimma Adetshina Controversy|url=https://guardian.ng/life/puebla-literature-festival-withdraws-south-african-guests-over-chidimma-adetshina-controversy/#:~:text=Puebla%20Literature%20Festival%20Withdraws%20South%20African%20Guests%20Over%20Chidimma%20Adetshina%20Controversy&amp;text=The%20Africa%20Center%20Mexico,%20the,to%20guests%20from%20South%20Africa.|accessdate=2024-09-14|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Miss Universe Nigeria 2024 ===
Na nkpuru ubochi iri atọ nke ọnwa August, Puku abụọ na iri abụo na anọ Adetshina, nọchitere anya Taraba Steeti wee merie Miss Universe Nigeria 2024, na Eko Hotels and Suites, Victoria Island, Lagos. N'asọmpi megide iri abụo na anọ ndị ọzọ, a na-agbasa ihe omume ahụ na GOtv na YouTube. Adetshina ga-anọchite anya Naijiria na Miss Universe na Mexico, na Nọvemba afọ puku abụọ na iri abụo na anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Princewill|first=Nimi|date=16 August 2024|title=Miss South Africa finalist at center of nationality row to compete in Nigerian pageant instead|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/16/style/chidimma-adetshina-pageant-intl-scli/index.html|accessdate=17 August 2024|work=CNN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chidinma Adetshina to compete in Miss Universe Nigeria after Miss South Africa row|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx29e0p75gvo|accessdate=17 August 2024|work=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{S-bef|before={{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Anntonia Porsild]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Miss Universe]] 1st Runner-Up|years=[[Miss Universe 2024|2024]]}}
{{S-aft|after=Incumbent}}
{{S-bef|before=Ugochi Ihezue}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Miss Universe Nigeria]]|years=2024}}
{{S-aft|after=Incumbent}}
{{S-end}}
[[Otú:Ndị Igbo]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adetshina, Chidimma}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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[[Faịlụ:Cheese_on_toast_hi_res.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Chiiz na toast, nke ejiri chiiz cheddar mee]]
A na-eme '''chiiz na toast''' site n'itinye cheese a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ maọbụ nke a kwọrọ okporokpo okporokpo n'achicha a gbazere ma gbazee ya n'okpuru ebe a na-esi nri . Ọ na-ewu ewu na United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Caribbean, United States na mba Africa.

== Ntụziaka ==
Chiiz na toast nwere toast (nke edoro n'akụkụ abụọ ma ọ bụ otu akụkụ), na-etinye chiiz na ya wee sie ya. Ihe ndị ọzọ toppings bụ nhọrọ; Ihe kacha mkpa bụ eyịm e gbuturu (raw ma ọ bụ nke e ghere eghe na cheese), ihendori aja aja ma ọ bụ ketchup . [[Cucumber|Kukumba]] pickled, Branston pickle, tomato e ghere eghe, àkwá eghe, ihendori Worcestershire na agwa esiri esi bụkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=James Martin|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoast_83403|title=BBC recipe by James Martin|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|accessdate=13 January 2011|archivedate=11 October 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011094317/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoast_83403}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Antony Worrall Thompson|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoast_77735|title=BBC recipe by Anthony Worrall Thompson|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|accessdate=13 January 2011|archivedate=9 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209061917/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoast_77735}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwụkwọ nri na akụkọ ịntanetị na-achọkarị ịkọwapụta ihe ndị bụ isi, na-agbakwunye ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe na ịkọwa ihe mgbakwunye iji mee ka ọgụgụ na-atọ ụtọ karị. N'ihi ya, ntụziaka ndị e bipụtara anaghị adịkarị n'ụdị efere kachasị mkpa ma na-ezokarị aka na efere yiri nke Welsh rarebit dị ka &quot;posh cheese na toast&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lesley Waters|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoastwithtom_85506|title=BBC recipe by Lesley Waters: cheese sauce on toast|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|accessdate=13 January 2011|archivedate=25 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925053102/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoastwithtom_85506}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nrọ chiiz ==
Nrọ chiiz bụ ihe na-emeghe ihu nke American grilled cheese sandwich mere na [[Achicha|achịcha]] na cheese ; a na-eji mmanụ, margarine, ma ọ bụ bọta sie ya. Ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka anụ ezi, ube oyibo, painiapulu, àkwá, ma ọ bụ tomato sliced nwere ike ịgbakwunye ya na sanwichi nwere ihu mepere emepe. &lt;ref name=&quot;uebelherr&quot; /&gt; James Beard dere banyere nrọ chiiz n'akwụkwọ ya &quot;James Beard's Simple Foods&quot;, na-akọwa Sanwichi dị ka &quot;iberibe tomato na achịcha, kpuchie na American cheese nke gbazere n'okpuru broiler wee mara anụ ezi crisp&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sandwichtribunal.com/2020/09/i-dream-of-cheeses/|title=I Dream Of Cheeses &amp;#124; Sandwich Tribunal|date=24 September 2020|work=www.sandwichtribunal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enwere ike esi ya na pan ma ọ bụ skillet n'elu stovu, n'okpuru broiler ma ọ bụ iji pan na oven. N'ụdị ya kachasị mfe, ọ na-agụnye otu iberibe achịcha, tinye ya na cheese American, ma sie ya ruo mgbe chiiz na-afụ ụfụ na agba aja aja. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Official CheeseDreams Network - All things CheeseDreams!|url=https://cheesedreams.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202043001/https://cheesedreams.net/|archivedate=2017-02-02|accessdate=2017-01-28|work=The Official CheeseDreams Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nrọ chiiz nwere ike ịmalite n'oge nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi, dị ka &quot;nri nri abalị ụlọ ọrụ dị ọnụ ala&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;uebelherr&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Uebelherr|first=Jan|date=March 26, 2004|title=There's no secret to great grilled cheese|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&amp;p_theme=mwsb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10192A499605112E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|accessdate=February 5, 2010|work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]|archive-date=November 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112141443/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&amp;p_theme=mwsb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10192A499605112E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFUebelherr2004&quot;&gt;Uebelherr, Jan (26 March 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181112141443/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&amp;p_theme=mwsb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10192A499605112E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM &quot;There's no secret to great grilled cheese&quot;]. ''[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]''.  from the original on 12 November 2018&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 February&lt;/span&gt; 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Meitus|first=Marty|date=January 3, 1999|title=OLD FAITHFUL GRILLED CHEESE, A DEPRESSION-ERA STANDBY, HAS RETURNED|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RM&amp;p_theme=rm&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EB4ECE74A867F9E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|accessdate=February 5, 2010|work=Rocky Mountain News|quote=During the Depression, when Sunday Night Suppers became a popular way to entertain, the ''cheese dream'' began to appear on dining tables from coast to coast.|archive-date=November 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112181553/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RM&amp;p_theme=rm&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EB4ECE74A867F9E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nhọrọ dị ọnụ ala maka ịzụ ndị enyi na ezinụlọ nri na [[Sunday roast|nri abalị Sunday]] .  Enwere ike iji ihe mgbakwunye nke tomato sliced, ham na anụ ezi, na oliv na pickles na-esonyekarị ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;dreaming&quot;&gt; Marty Meitus [https://archive.today/20130125003249/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VrQaAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=BT4EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6576,8714275&amp;dq=cheese+dream&amp;hl=en Dreaming up variations of grilled cheese] Oct 10, 2001 ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' p. 29 (Scripps News Service)&lt;/ref&gt;A 1932 ''San Jose News'' akụkọ, &quot;Cheese Dream New Favorite Sanwichi,&quot; tụrụ aro fesa chiiz &quot;dị nnọọ sparingly&quot; na a bit nke mọstad, cayenne &quot;na a obere minced red ụtọ ose&quot;; Sanwichi ahụ na-agba aja n'akụkụ abụọ wee jiri &quot;ihendori tomato na-ekpo ọkụ nke ukwuu.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=July 15, 1932|title=Cheese Dream New Favorite Sandwich|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AxciAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=LaQFAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3016,1210693&amp;dq=cheese+dream&amp;hl=en|accessdate=September 20, 2016|work=[[San Jose News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanwichi nwere ike bute ịda mbà n'obi, Otú ọ dị, dị ka 1918 ''Ezi Ụlọ Nche'' na-ekwu banyere Cheese Dreams dị ka nri nri ehihie, &quot;enyi anyị teahouse.&quot; 

A kpọsara nrọ chiiz na 1957 dị ka cent 55 ( equivalent to $5.97 na 2023 ) luncheonette lenten pụrụ iche na Daytona Beach, [[Flórídạ|Florida]] 's ''Sunday News Journal'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=March 10, 1957|title=W.T. Grant Co. advertisement|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EnkjAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=m8wEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5131,1582032&amp;dq=cheese+dream&amp;hl=en]|work=[[Sunday News Journal]]|page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ejikwa okwu Cheese Dream kọwaa sanwichi chiiz a ghere eghe, na, n'otu oge, na Croque monsieur . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1908-08-23/ed-1/seq-13/|title=The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, August 23, 1908, Image 13|first=National Endowment for the|author=Humanities|date=23 August 1908|pages=13}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5GAAAAMAAJ|title=Salads, Sandwiches and Chafing Dish Recipes|date=1916|publisher=D. McKay}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.northcoastjournal.com/eatdrink/cheese-dreams-2132398|title=Cheese Dreams|first=James|author=Scothorn|work=North Coast Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodtimeline.org/foodsandwiches.html|title=The Food Timeline: history notes--sandwiches|work=www.foodtimeline.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
 

== Ntụaka ==
gbasara ahụike, ihe ndị na-ahụ maka anụmanụ enwetara gụnyere Beractants Alveofact nke ewepụtara na mmiri ngụgụ ehi na Survanta ewepụtara n'akpa ugbasara ahụike, ihe ndị na-ahụ maka anụmanụ enwetara gụnyere Beractants Alveofact nke ewepụtara na mmiri ngụgụ ehi na Survanta ewepụtara n'akpa umeme{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Dino Abazović</title>
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      <text bytes="4084" sha1="epbyq45etxtsnxixm51qjc8izcd1ytj" xml:space="preserve">'''Dino Abazović''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1972) bụ onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ndi mmadụ na ibe ya na ọkachamara jụrụ eju na Mahadum Sarajevo, [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dino_Abazovic|title=Dino Abazović}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dinoabazovic.com/about/|title=About|publisher=Official Website|accessdate=2025-03-06|archivedate=2022-01-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117162712/http://dinoabazovic.com/about/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Ọ gụrụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Sarajevo ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1999. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nke biputere gụsịrị akwụkwọ ya n'otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n' afọ 2005 site na nyocha banyere mkpebi mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke mba okpukpe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dinoabazovic.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Bio-Dino-Abazovic.pdf|title=Published works|publisher=Official Website|accessdate=2025-03-19|archivedate=2021-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929015320/http://dinoabazovic.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Bio-Dino-Abazovic.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2009, o nwetara PhD ya site n'akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere isiokwu nke ndị Alakụba Bosnia n'etiti ịgha ụgha na enweghị ike . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dinoabazovic.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Bio-Dino-Abazovic.pdf|title=Published works|publisher=Official Website|accessdate=2025-03-19|archivedate=2021-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929015320/http://dinoabazovic.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Bio-Dino-Abazovic.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; N' afọ 2012 a kpọrọ ya Prọfesọ Centennial na onye isi nke ogbako ama dika Center for Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Studies na ngalaba ana-kpoFaculty of Political Science in Sarajevo, na-ekwu okwu na isiokwu nke okpukpe ụwa, okpukpe na esemokwu, okpukpe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke omume ọma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fpn.unsa.ba/b/nastavnik/dino-abazovic/|title=Dino Abazović|publisher=University of Sarajevo}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2015, a kpọrọ ya aha Onye nlekọta nke Mmemme PhD na nke etiti Ụlọ ọrụ Oxford maka ọmụmụ ihe ozi na mmekorita ya na Middlesex University London, yana onye nyocha Mpụga maka mmemme PhD na Ngalaba Sayensị Ọchịchị nke Mahadum Salzburg &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cfccs.org/dr-dino-abazovic|title=Dino Abazović|publisher=cfccs.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye otu bọọdụ nke Graz -based Contemporary Southeast Europe Foundation na onye otu bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ nka na nka Odjek. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.suedosteuropa.uni-graz.at/cse/en/node/23|title=Dino Abazović|publisher=suedosteuropa.uni-graz.at|access-date=2025-03-19|archive-date=2018-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411065231/http://www.suedosteuropa.uni-graz.at/cse/en/node/23|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị malitere Open University of Sarajevo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiosarajevo.ba/metromahala/teme/uskoro-pocinje-sesti-otvoreni-univerzitet-sarajevo-pod-nazviom-sta-da-se-radi/280285|title=Uskoro počinje šesti Otvoreni univerzitet Sarajevo pod nazivom &quot;Šta da se radi?&quot;|date=4 November 2017|publisher=Radio Sarajevo}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ba.n1info.com/a71400/Vijesti/Vijesti/Dino-Abazovic-gost-Novog-dana.html|title=Ko se boji žena - jedna od tema Otvorenog univerziteta|publisher=N1 Televizija}}&lt;/ref&gt; N' afọ 2017, ọ bịanyere [[Nkwuputa N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu|aka na nkwupụta na asụsụ nkịtị nke ndị Croats, Serbs, Bosniak na Montenegrins]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku|url=https://jezicinacionalizmi.com/lista-potpisnika/|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=Jezici i nacionalizmi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Abazović, Dino}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ]]
[[Òtù:Ndị bịanyere aka na Nkwupụta N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu]]</text>
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Chantal Kabasinga bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Rwandan na onye isi otu Association of Women of Genocide na Rwanda.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Moshenberg|first=Dan|date=June 2011|title=The Rwandan Glass Ceiling|url=https://africasacountry.com/2011/06/when-does-being-a-rwandan-woman-matter|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=africasacountry.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Kabasinga na Gicumbi District na Northern Province . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-04-11|title=Q&amp;A: Kabasinga: a survivor who now is thriving|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/101971|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Rwanda ==
E gburu di Kabasinga, onye Tutsi, na 1994 na Mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Rwanda, Kabasinga na nwa ya nwanyị dị ọnwa 18 lanarịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Dị ka nke 2012, Kabasinga na-eje ozi oge nke abụọ ya dị ka onye isi oche nke Avega Agahozo, (Association des Veuves du Genocide Agahozo na French na Association of Widows of the Genocide na Bekee) na Rwanda mgbe a họpụtara ya na 2008.[1] Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na Ruhuka Trauma Center na Kigali.[1] Na 2011, n'ọrụ ya dị ka onyeisi oche, ọ katọrọ Lantos Foundation maka mkpebi ya inye Paul Rusesabagina ihe nrite ikike mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Genocide Survivors Denounce Rusesabagina’s Award|url=https://en.igihe.com/news/genocide-survivors-denounce-rusesabagina-s-award|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=IGIHE|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kabasinga bụ onye otu Rwanda Patriotic Front ma jee ozi dị ka onye otu ndị omeiwu na ngwụcha afọ 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gicumbi: Commemoration of the Genocide Victims killed in Rutare|url=https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&amp;tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=3099&amp;tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&amp;tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&amp;cHash=83b4c0f0e8eb3787e5b05ae26925d392|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=cnlg.gov.rw|language=en|archivedate=2022-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220021804/https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&amp;tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=3099&amp;tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&amp;tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&amp;cHash=83b4c0f0e8eb3787e5b05ae26925d392}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-15|title=RPF National Congress in pictures|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/225689|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Yanditswe na KT Editorial|title=&quot;Mwirinde kwirebaho mwenyine&quot;, Impanuro ya Kagame ku bagiye mu nteko|url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mwirinde-kwirebaho-mwenyine-impanuro-ya-kagame-ku-bagiye-mu-nteko|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=Kigali Today|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-07-08|title=RPF Selects 70 Candidates for Parliamentary Polls|url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/07/rpf-selects-70-candidates-for-parliamentary-polls/|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=KT PRESS|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220021814/https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/07/rpf-selects-70-candidates-for-parliamentary-polls/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara ọsọ maka Ndị omeiwu Rwanda na 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-08-17|title=63 candidates to vie for senate|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/63-candidates-vie-senate|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
{{DEFAULTSORT: Kabasinga, Chantal}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Danila Botha</title>
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'''Danila Botha''' bụ onye edemede na onye edemede Canada. O bipụtara akụkọ mkpirikpi abụọ, nke atọ a ga-ebipụta na 2024 na akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ, nke abụọ a ga- ebipụta na 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Danila Botha|url=http://www.danilabotha.com|work=danilabotha.com|accessdate=2016-01-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye na ọrụ ==
Botha A mụrụ na  na Johannesburg, South Africa na 1982. Ọ bụ onye Juu, sitere na Moroccan Israel na ndị Juu Lithuania. [1] Na mgbakwunye na Bekee, ọ na-asụ Hibru na Afrikaans. Ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Toronto mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. Ọ gụrụ Creative Writing na York University, na Humber College School for Writers. [2]

O wepụtara onwe ya na Na -me -res na Veahavta, nzukọ na-abara ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi uru, bụ nke kpaliri ọtụtụ akụkọ mkpirisi na Got on stet.Akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke akwụkwọ Tightrope bipụtara na Canada na May 2010, na modjaji Books na South Africa na 2012 .Akụkọ ndị na-ahụ maka ihe iri ahụ riri ahụ, imegbu igbu onwe onye na nwata, bụ njem n'ime ndụ onwe nke ụmụ nwanyị iri na abụọ 

Botha ebiela na South Africa, Ra'anana, Israel na Halifax, Nova Scotia, nke niile mere ka ahụmahụ ya mara na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Beneath the violence, debut novel is a tender love story|author=Carter|first=Sue|date=21 May 2015|work=Toronto Metro|page=29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Too Much on the Inside, nke Quattro Books bipụtara na Mee 2015, na-agbaso ndị ọhụrụ anọ na Toronto bụ ndị na-alụ ọgụ na oge gara aga, ụlọ ọhụrụ ha ma na-ahụ n'anya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Too Much on the Inside {{!}} Quattro Books|url=http://quattrobooks.ca/books/too-much-on-the-inside/|work=quattrobooks.ca|accessdate=2016-01-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Spring preview 2015: novels {{!}} Quill and Quire - Part 3|url=http://www.quillandquire.com/preview/2015/01/15/spring-preview-2015-novels/3/|work=Quill and Quire|date=15 January 2015|accessdate=2016-01-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ekwuwo ọtụtụ ihe gbasara akwụkwọ akụkọ Quill na Quire,[1] Nyocha akwụkwọ nke Canada, [2] na Akwụkwọ Clubbish.[3] A kọwara akwụkwọ Botha dị ka &quot;nkọwa pụrụ iche ... na ... Ọpụrụiche.. akụkọ, nke na-ekpughe nghọta miri emi nke ọdịdị mmadụ. Na ide nke nwere a&quot;Ọhụrụ na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-adọrọ adọrọ. ọ meriri Award Book Excellence maka oge a.Akwụkwọ akụkọ na 2016. ọ bụkwa nkenke edepụtara maka 2016 Relit Award na ngalaba novel. a họpụtara ya maka usoro flim ma ọ bụ usoro nke Pelee Entertainment na 2023

Nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirikpi ya nke abụọ, For All the Men (and Some of the Women) I've Known, nke Tightrope Books bipụtara n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tightropebooks.com/for-all-the-men/|title=For All the Men (and Some of the Women) I've Known—Danila Botha|work=Tightrope Books|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara nyocha kpakpando na Quill and Quire Magazine,  onye kpọrọ ya &quot;ọrụ mmeri kachasị mma ruo ugbu a. &quot; The Toronto Star toro ya &quot;ezi nkà maka itinye uche n'ebe ndị a na-atụghị anya ya&quot;.  ebe Globe and Mail toro akụkọ ahụ &quot;ezi ihe na ịma mma&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.quillandquire.com/review/for-all-the-men-and-some-of-the-women-ive-known/|title=For All the Men (and Some of the Women) I've Known {{!}} Quill and Quire|date=2016-10-03|work=Quill and Quire|accessdate=2016-10-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/2016/10/16/love-in-a-time-of-tinder.html|title=Love in a time of Tinder {{!}} Toronto Star|work=thestar.com|date=16 October 2016|accessdate=2017-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/book-reviews/review-short-story-collections-from-clea-young-and-danila-botha/article33455603/|title=Review: Short-story collections from Clea Young and Danila Botha|work=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=2017-02-10|language=en-ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Winnipeg Review toro ya maka &quot;ikwu okwu n'ụzọ amamihe, ọbụnakwa n'ụzọ obi ike... repaint [ing] ihe osise nwoke nke Cheever na Carver, mana na mmetụta dị egwu, nke na-echebara echiche&quot;  Na Mee 2017, ọ bụ onye a kpọrọ aha  maka Trillium Book Award. [and]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://winnipegreview.com/2017/01/for-all-the-men-and-some-of-the-women-ive-known-by-danila-botha/|title='For All the Men (and Some of the Women) I've Known' by Danila Botha|date=2017-01-16|work=The Winnipeg Review|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/finalists-for-30th-trillium-book-award-621720223.html|title=Finalists For 30th Trillium Book Award|work=newswire.ca|language=en|accessdate=2017-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/trillium-book-award-finalists-announced/article34929525/|title=Trillium Book Award finalists announced|work=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=2017-05-09|language=en-ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; E depụtakwara ya n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi  maka onyinye Vine maka akwụkwọ edemede ndị Juu nke Canada. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kofflerarts.org/programs-events/vine-awards-for-canadian-jewish-literature/winners/|title=Winners {{!}} Koffler Centre of the Arts|work=kofflerarts.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-09-26|archivedate=27 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927000147/http://kofflerarts.org/programs-events/vine-awards-for-canadian-jewish-literature/winners/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://quillandquire.com/awards/2017/08/17/danila-botha-matti-friedman-among-2017-vine-awards-finalists/|title=Danila Botha, Matti Friedman among 2017 Vine Awards finalists {{!}} Quill and Quire|date=2017-08-17|work=Quill and Quire|accessdate=2017-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guernica Editions ga-ebipụtaghachi ya na 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fiction {{!}} Danila Botha Author|url=https://www.danilabotha.com/|accessdate=2024-09-22|work=danilabotha|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nchịkọta ọhụrụ ya nke akụkọ mkpirikpi, Things That Cause Inappropriate Happiness, nke Guernica Editions bipụtara n'ọnwa Eprel 2024. Akụkọ sitere na ya apụtala na akwụkwọ edemede Canada dị ka Humber Literary Review, anthology Changing the Face of Canadian Literature, The Antigonish Review, Grain Magazine Jewishfiction.net na ndị ọzọ, yana akwụkwọ America na Europe &lt;ref name=&quot;www.danilabotha.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=www.danilabotha.com|url=https://www.danilabotha.com/|accessdate=2022-08-09|work=danilabotha|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara akụkọ aha ahụ maka Pushcart Prize site na Blank Spaces Magazine. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Our Nominations for the 2024 Pushcart Prize|url=https://www.blankspaces.ca/news/our-nominations-for-the-2024-pushcart-prize|accessdate=2024-09-22|work=Blank Spaces Magazine|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eto nchịkọta ahụ maka igosi &quot;Chekhovian humanism na pulsing compassion&quot; site na Miramichi Reader, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bryson|first=Michael|date=2024-01-29|title=Things That Cause Inappropriate Happiness by Danila Botha|url=https://miramichireader.ca/2024/01/things-that-cause-inappropriate-happiness-by-danila-botha/|accessdate=2024-09-22|work=The Miramichi Reader|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; dị ka &quot;ihe na-akpali akpali, nke a na-agụ nke ọma na nke a na'ahụkarị&quot; site na Winnipeg Free Press, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Posted|first=Sharon Chisvin|date=2024-04-13|title=Vulnerable women at core of rapid-fire stories|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/books/2024/04/13/vulnerable-women-at-core-of-rapid-fire-stories|accessdate=2024-09-22|work=Winnipeg Free Press|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na dị ka &quot;jupụtara n'ịdị mma... na-enwu gbaa eziokwu banyere ụwa na akụ na ụba na ịma mma&quot;.[ing]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Botha|first=Danila|title=Danila Botha's New Short Story Collection Makes Us Laugh, Cry, and Feel Less Alone|url=https://open-book.ca/News/Danila-Botha-s-New-Short-Story-Collection-Makes-Us-Laugh-Cry-and-Feel-Less-Alone|accessdate=2024-09-22|work=open-book.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Literary Review of Canada kọwara ya dị ka &quot;obi na mmetụta, nchịkọta a nwere ihe ndị dị n'eziokwu na ihe na-enweghị isi, ihe na-achọ ịmata ihe&quot;  ebe Great Lakes Review kọwara ya dị Ka &quot;ọ bụghị na-arụ ọrụ&quot; n'ime ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị... ọ bụghị ngwakọta nke ihe nkiri, ọchị, ma ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma nke ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-eme ka nchịkọta Botha siri ike ịhazi...ihe ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ nke a na-atụghị anya ya bụ ihe a na-agafe ihe ọmụma nke At At Atrications conventional&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Canada|first=Literary Review of|date=2024-06-04|title=Bookworm, no. 46|url=https://reviewcanada.substack.com/p/bookworm-no-46|accessdate=2024-09-22|work=Bookworm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stein|first=Olga|date=2024-09-06|title=What Could Have Been: Review of Danila Botha’s Things that Cause Inappropriate Happiness|url=https://greatlakesreview.org/things-that-cause-inappropriate-happiness/|accessdate=2024-09-22|work=Great Lakes Review|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dundas|first=Deborah|date=2024-04-18|title=Spring preview: 21 books to put at the top of your reading list|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/spring-preview-21-books-to-put-at-the-top-of-your-reading-list/article_a5a174f8-f29a-11ee-99f9-4fb9505c957d.html|accessdate=2024-09-22|work=Toronto Star|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a kpọrọ ya onye ikpeazụ maka Canadian Book Club Awards, (ihe nrite kachasị mma nke ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na Canada) na Anthology / Short Story Category.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=canadianbook|title=2024 Finalists Press Release|url=https://thecanadianbookclubawards.ca/2024-finalists-press-release/|accessdate=2024-09-22|work=The Canadian Book Club Awards|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwụkwọ ya nke ise, na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ, A Place For People Like Us ga-ebipụta site na Guernica Editions na 2025. &lt;ref name=&quot;www.danilabotha.com&quot;/&gt;

O nwere MFA na edemede okike site na Mahadum Guelph . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://guelphcreativewritingmfa.com/news/2016/10/11/fall-reading-danila-botha-owain-nicholson|title=Fall Reading: Danila Botha &amp; Owain Nicholson|work=MFA in Creative Writing: University of Guelph|accessdate=2016-10-19|archive-date=2016-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020105736/http://guelphcreativewritingmfa.com/news/2016/10/11/fall-reading-danila-botha-owain-nicholson|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nyere aka na National Post's the Afterword,  the 49th Shelf &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Danila Botha {{!}} National Post|url=http://arts.nationalpost.com/tag/danila-botha/.|work=National Post|accessdate=2016-01-21|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130129135447/http://arts.nationalpost.com/tag/danila-botha/|archivedate=29 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Hamilton Review of Books ma bụrụ onye edemede na Residence for Open Book na Septemba 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Danila Botha, Authors at The 49th Shelf|url=http://49thshelf.com/Contributors/B/Botha-Danila|work=49thshelf.com|accessdate=2016-01-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://open-book.ca/Writer-in-Residence/Archives/Danila-Botha|title=Danila Botha {{!}} Open Book|work=open-book.ca|accessdate=2016-10-19|archive-date=2016-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020104200/http://open-book.ca/Writer-in-Residence/Archives/Danila-Botha|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye edemede na-ebi na 2021-2022 na Heliconian Club nke Toronto. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi edemede na Mahadum nke Toronto's School of Continuing Studies  na akụkụ nke ngalaba na Humber College's School for Writers . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://learn.utoronto.ca/courses-programs/creative-writing/creative-writing-instructors|title=Creative Writing Instructors - School of Continuing Studies|work=School of Continuing Studies|accessdate=2017-08-09|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810012251/https://learn.utoronto.ca/courses-programs/creative-writing/creative-writing-instructors|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://creativearts.humber.ca/faculty/danila-botha|title=Danila Botha|author=Arts|first=Creative &amp; Performing|work=creativearts.humber.ca|accessdate=2016-10-19|archivedate=20 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020105259/http://creativearts.humber.ca/faculty/danila-botha}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ==

=== Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi ===

* ''Enweghị ihe nzuzo'' 2010 (Tightrope Books) 
* Maka Ndị ikom niile (na Ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị) Amaara m 2016 (Tightrope Books) 
* ''Ihe Ndị Na-akpata Obi Ụtọ Na-ekwesịghị ekwesị'' 2024 (Guernica Editions) 

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ===

* Too Much on the Inside 2015 (Quattro Books) 
* ''Ebe Ndị Dị Ka Anyị'' 2025 (Guernica Editions) 

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Botha, Danila}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cheese on toast</title>
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A na-eme cheese na toast site n'itinye chiiz e bechara ebe ​​maọbụ a mazụrụ amazụ n'elu achịcha a ṅara n'ọkụ ma gbazee ya n'okpuru grill. Ọ na-ewu ewu na United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Caribbean, United States na mba Africa.

== Ụzọ e si eme ya ==
[[Faịlụ:Cheese_on_toast_hi_res.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Chiiz e siri esi, nke e ji chiiz cheddar meecheese cheddar]]
Chiiz na toast nwere toast (nke edoro n'ọkụ n'akụkụ abụọ ma ọ bụ n'otu akụkụ), na-etinye chiiz na ya wee sie ya. Ihe ndị ọzọ a  na-atụkwasị n'elu bụ nhọrọ; Nke kachasi mkpa bụ yabasị nke a ga-egbutu (na ndụ ma ọ bụ nke e ghere eghe yana cheese), ihendori aja aja ma ọ bụ ketchup. Kukumba pickled, Branston pickle, tomato e ghere eghe, àkwá eghe, ihendori Worcestershire na agwa esiri esi bụkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=James Martin|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoast_83403|title=BBC recipe by James Martin|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|accessdate=13 January 2011|archivedate=11 October 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011094317/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoast_83403}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Antony Worrall Thompson|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoast_77735|title=BBC recipe by Anthony Worrall Thompson|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|accessdate=13 January 2011|archivedate=9 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209061917/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoast_77735}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwụkwọ nri na akụkọ ịntanetị na-achọkarị ịkọwapụta ihe ndị bụ isi, na-agbakwunye ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe na ịkọwa ihe mgbakwunye iji mee ka ọgụgụ na-adọrọ mmasị karị. N'ihi ya, ntụziaka ndị e bipụtara anaghị adịkarị n'ụdị efere kachasị mkpa ma na-ezokarị aka na efere yiri nke Welsh rarebit dị ka &quot;posh cheese na toast&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lesley Waters|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoastwithtom_85506|title=BBC recipe by Lesley Waters: cheese sauce on toast|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|accessdate=13 January 2011|archivedate=25 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925053102/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/cheeseontoastwithtom_85506}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ejikarị Chiiz Cheddar eme ihe maka chiiz a na-akpọ toast, ebe ọ bụ chiiz dị mma maka toasting.  {{citation needed|date=March 2015}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Lancashire milkeries, na njikọ ya na &quot;National Cheese Toast Day&quot;, akwalitewo cheese Lancashire dị ka cheese kachasị mma iji mee ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cheeseboard.co.uk/archive.cfm?page_id%3D326%26CFID%3D22040881%26CFTOKEN%3D42915094|title=British Cheese Board - Welcome|accessdate=2009-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719150037/http://www.cheeseboard.co.uk/archive.cfm?page_id=326&amp;CFID=22040881&amp;CFTOKEN=42915094|archivedate=19 July 2011}} British Cheese Board article. Retrieved 15 January 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nrọ cheese ==
Nrọ chiiz bụ ihe na-emeghe ihu nke American sanwichi chiiz grilled mere na achịcha na cheese; a na-eji mmanụ, margarine, ma ọ bụ bọta sie ya. Enwere ike ịgbakwunye ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka anụ ezi, ube oyibo, painiapulu, àkwá, ma ọ bụ tomato sliced ​​​​na Sanwichi nwere ihu ọma..&lt;ref name=&quot;uebelherr&quot; /&gt;&gt; James Beard dere banyere nrọ cheese n'akwụkwọ ya &quot;James Beard's Simple Foods&quot;, na-akọwa bred ahụ dị ka &quot;otu iberibe tomato n'elu achịcha, nke e ji cheese America kpuchie nke a gbazere n'okpuru brọiler wee jiri becon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sandwichtribunal.com/2020/09/i-dream-of-cheeses/|title=I Dream Of Cheeses &amp;#124; Sandwich Tribunal|date=24 September 2020|work=www.sandwichtribunal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enwere ike isi ya na pan ma ọ bụ pan n'elu stove, n'okpuru broiler ma ọ bụ jiri pan n'ime oven. N'ụdị ya kachasị mfe, ọ na-agụnye iberibe achịcha, nke e ji cheese America kpuchie, ma sie ya ruo mgbe cheese ahụ na-afụli elu ma na-acha nchara nchara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Official CheeseDreams Network - All things CheeseDreams!|url=https://cheesedreams.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202043001/https://cheesedreams.net/|archivedate=2017-02-02|accessdate=2017-01-28|work=The Official CheeseDreams Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ ga-abụ na nrọ cheese ahụ malitere n'oge Oké Ndakpọ Akụ̀ na Ụba, dị ka &quot;ihe oriri oriri ụlọ ọrụ dị ọnụ ala&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;uebelherr&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Uebelherr|first=Jan|date=March 26, 2004|title=There's no secret to great grilled cheese|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&amp;p_theme=mwsb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10192A499605112E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|accessdate=February 5, 2010|work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]|archive-date=November 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112141443/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&amp;p_theme=mwsb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10192A499605112E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFUebelherr2004&quot;&gt;Uebelherr, Jan (26 March 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181112141443/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MWSB&amp;p_theme=mwsb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10192A499605112E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM &quot;There's no secret to great grilled cheese&quot;]. ''[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]''.  from the original on 12 November 2018&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 February&lt;/span&gt; 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na nhọrọ dị ọnụ ala maka inye ndị enyi na ezinụlọ nri na nri abalị Sunday. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Meitus|first=Marty|date=January 3, 1999|title=OLD FAITHFUL GRILLED CHEESE, A DEPRESSION-ERA STANDBY, HAS RETURNED|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RM&amp;p_theme=rm&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EB4ECE74A867F9E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|accessdate=February 5, 2010|work=Rocky Mountain News|quote=During the Depression, when Sunday Night Suppers became a popular way to entertain, the ''cheese dream'' began to appear on dining tables from coast to coast.|archive-date=November 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112181553/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RM&amp;p_theme=rm&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EB4ECE74A867F9E&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere ike iji tomato, ham na becon gbakwunye, a na-ejikarị oliv na pickles eme ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;dreaming&quot;&gt;Marty Meitus [https://archive.today/20130125003249/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VrQaAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=BT4EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6576,8714275&amp;dq=cheese+dream&amp;hl=en Dreaming up variations of grilled cheese] Oct 10, 2001 ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' p. 29 (Scripps News Service)&lt;/ref&gt; ''Akụkọ San Jose'' News nke afọ 1932, &quot;Cheese Dream New Favorite Sandwich,&quot; tụrụ aro ka a na-agbanye cheese ahụ &quot;n'ụzọ dị mfe&quot; na obere mustard, Cayenne &quot;na obere ose na-acha ọbara ọbara&quot;; a na-acha bred ahụ n'akụkụ abụọ ma na-enye ya &quot;atọ ụtọ tomato dị ọkụ, nke bara ọgaranya&quot;.  Sandwiches nwere ike ibute oge ịda mbà n'obi, Otú ọ dị, dị ka mbipụta nke 1918 Good Housekeeping kwuru Cheese Dreams dị ka nri ehihie, &quot;enyi anyị&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=July 15, 1932|title=Cheese Dream New Favorite Sandwich|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AxciAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=LaQFAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3016,1210693&amp;dq=cheese+dream&amp;hl=en|accessdate=September 20, 2016|work=[[San Jose News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kpọsara nrọ cheese na 1957 dị ka 55-cent (nke ya na $ 6.16 ) luncheonette lenten pụrụ iche na Daytona Beach, [[Flórídạ|Florida]]'s Sunday News Journal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=March 10, 1957|title=W.T. Grant Co. advertisement|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EnkjAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=m8wEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5131,1582032&amp;dq=cheese+dream&amp;hl=en|work=[[Sunday News Journal]]|page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ejikwa okwu Cheese Dream kọwaa sandwiches cheese e siri esi, na, n'otu ihe atụ, Croque monsieur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1908-08-23/ed-1/seq-13/|title=The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, August 23, 1908, Image 13|first=National Endowment for the|author=Humanities|date=23 August 1908|pages=13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5GAAAAMAAJ|title=Salads, Sandwiches and Chafing Dish Recipes|date=1916|publisher=D. McKay}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.northcoastjournal.com/eatdrink/cheese-dreams-2132398|title=Cheese Dreams|first=James|author=Scothorn|work=North Coast Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodtimeline.org/foodsandwiches.html|title=The Food Timeline: history notes--sandwiches|work=www.foodtimeline.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
{{columns-list|* [[Grilled cheese sandwich|Grilled cheese]], a hot cheese sandwich in the United States
* [[Cheese sandwich]]
* [[Open sandwich]]
* [[Cafe (British)]]
* [[Beans on toast (food)|Beans on toast]], another simple dish made with slices of bread and a topping
* [[Croque monsieur]], the French hot ham and cheese sandwich
* [[List of toast dishes]]
* [[Uunijuusto]], a Finnish speciality based on bovine colostrum
* [[Welsh rarebit]], the cheese sauce based dish
* [[Hot Brown]]
* [[:ja:ピザトースト|Pizza Toast]], Japanese milk bread topped with pizza toppings including cheese, then baked
* [[List of bread dishes]]|colwidth=30em}}

== Edemsibia ==</text>
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    <title>Coal City University</title>
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      <text bytes="3287" sha1="44uboa0kdewyhzm133bkrovcatdgjmz" xml:space="preserve">'''mahadum Coal City''' ('''CCU''') bụ mahadum nkeonwe, nke na-abụghị nke uru na Naịjirịa. Ọ dị n'obodo Enugu, isi obodo na obodo kachasị na Steeti Enugu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-30|title=Coal City University|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/coal-city-university|accessdate=2023-09-17|work=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahadum ahụ nwere ogige abụọ—otu na Emene na nke ọzọ na Independence Layout, ma gbasaa ihe karịrị eka 432 nke ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vanguard1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/11/coal-city-university-vows-pursue-global-standards/|title=Coal City University vows to pursue global standards|date=30 November 2016|work=Vanguard|accessdate=1 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahadum ahụ nwere ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 800 ugbu a na ngalaba 10 ya, nke e guzobere na 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;authority1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.authorityngr.com/2016/12/Coal-City-varsity-begins-with-484-students/|title=Coal City varsity begins with 484 students|date=23 September 2016|work=Authority|accessdate=1 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About CCU|url=https://ccu.edu.ng/index.php/about-cuu/|accessdate=2023-09-17|work=Coal City University|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924143403/https://ccu.edu.ng/index.php/about-cuu/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omuma ==

* Sayensị Okike na nke a na-etinye n'ọrụ
* Ngalaba Mmụta
* Ngalaba nke nka, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na sayensị njikwa

=== Ndepụta nke ọmụmụ na CCU ===
Mahadum Coal City (CCU) bụ otu n'ime mahadum nzuzo dị na Naịjirịa nke na-enye mmemme mmụta dị iche iche na mahadum. Mahadum ahụ dị na Enugu, Enugu State.

Mahadum Coal City (CCU) enwetala asambodo ikike ma gbakwunye ya site na National University Commission (NUC), Nigeria.

Ihe ndị na-esonụ bụ ọmụmụ a na-enye na Mahadum Coal City (CCU).

* Ịgụ Akụkọ
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* Agụmakwụkwọ na ihe ndị dị ndụ
* Agụmakwụkwọ na kemịkal:
* Agụmakwụkwọ na sayensị kọmputa
* Agụmakwụkwọ na akụ na ụba
* Agụmakwụkwọ na Bekee
* Agụmakwụkwọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme:
* Agụmakwụkwọ na sayensị jikọtara ọnụ:
* Agụmakwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ
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* Agụmakwụkwọ na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
* Agụmakwụkwọ na ọmụmụ okpukpe
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* Ntuziaka na ndụmọdụ
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* Sociology
* Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ
* Ụtụ Isi
* Sayensị agụmakwụkwọ onye nkuzi

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==</text>
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    <title>Catherine Callaghan (onye ọkammụta asụsụ)</title>
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'''Catherine A. Callaghan''' (Ọktoba 31, 1931 - Machị 16, 2019) bụ ọkammụta asụsụ n'America nke nọrọ ọtụtụ oge agụmakwụkwọ ya dị ka prọfesọ na Mahadum Ohio Steeti . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://linguistics.osu.edu/people/callaghan.1|title=Catherine Callaghan|date=2013-05-15|work=Department of Linguistics|accessdate=2018-03-09|language=en|archive-date=2018-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310074444/https://linguistics.osu.edu/people/callaghan.1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=In Memoriam: Cathy Callaghan|url=https://linguistics.osu.edu/news/memoriam-cathy-callaghan|accessdate=2020-07-15|work=linguistics.osu.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nwetara Ph.D. na asụsụ na Mahadum California, Berkeley na 1963. Akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya bụ ụtọ asụsụ nke Lake Miwok, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://lx.berkeley.edu/publications/grammar-lake-miwok-language|title=A grammar of the Lake Miwok language {{!}} Linguistics|work=lx.berkeley.edu|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke e dere n'okpuru nlekọta nke Mary Haas. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Lake Miwok, nke e bipụtara na 1965. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://newsfromnativecalifornia.com/blog/miwoklanguage/|title=All Miwok Language Symposium|work=News from Native California|date=21 December 2015|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote prọfesọ nke Sayensị asụsụ na Mahadum Ohio Steeti na 1965 ma nọrọ ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/deptwebsite/transitionsite-5-7-2014/transitionsite.asc.ohio-state.edu/history-linguistics-department.html|title=History of the OSU Linguistics Department|accessdate=2018-03-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310074354/https://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/deptwebsite/transitionsite-5-7-2014/transitionsite.asc.ohio-state.edu/history-linguistics-department.html|archivedate=2018-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://linguistics.osu.edu/people/callaghan.1|title=Catherine Callaghan|date=2013-05-15|work=Department of Linguistics|accessdate=2018-03-09|language=en|archive-date=2018-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310074444/https://linguistics.osu.edu/people/callaghan.1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ ya Fellow nke American Association for the Advancement of Science na 1969.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aaas.org/fellows/historic|title=Historic Fellows|publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science|accessdate=2021-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, nyocha Callaghan lekwasịrị anya n'[[Asụsụ Penutian]] nke California, ọkachasị njikọ dị n'etiti Yokuts na Miwok. Ọ pụtara n'oge dị mkpirikpi na ihe ngosi, How Dead do I Look? , &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://linguistics.osu.edu/news/cathy-callaghan-documentary|title=Cathy Callaghan in Documentary|date=2014-08-19|work=Department of Linguistics|accessdate=2018-03-09|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke e mere na 2014. A na-anakọta akwụkwọ ya na asụsụ Miwok na California Language Archive . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cla.berkeley.edu/collection/27?search_within_string=&amp;tab=description|title=California Language Archive|work=cla.berkeley.edu|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1973, Callaghan bụ otu n’ime ndị guzobere Feminists for Life, otu nzukọ ndị inyom na-anaghị anata ụgwọ na-emegide  iwepu afọ ime.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.feministsforlife.org/news/human-life-review.htm|title=Feminists for Life on Campus|author=Meehan|first=Mary|date=Summer 2008|work=Human Life Review|publisher=The Human Life Foundation|accessdate=Sep 11, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919181715/http://feministsforlife.org/news/human-life-review.htm|archivedate=2010-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;Dead link tagged February 2026&quot;&gt;dead link&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;

Callaghan nwụrụ na Machị 16, 2019, na Columbus, Ohio . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=We Remember FFL Co-founder Cathy Callaghan|url=https://www.feministsforlife.org/we-remember-ffl-cofounder-cathy-callaghan/|publisher=Feminists for Life|date=2019|accessdate=2026-02-23|archivedate=2023-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922024438/https://www.feministsforlife.org/we-remember-ffl-cofounder-cathy-callaghan/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=by|date=2019-03-20|title=Catherine Callaghan October 30 1931 March 16 2019 (age 87), death notice, USA|url=https://usobit.com/obituaries-2019/03/catherine-callaghan-october-30-1931-march-16-2019-age-87/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715223420/https://usobit.com/obituaries-2019/03/catherine-callaghan-october-30-1931-march-16-2019-age-87/|archivedate=July 15, 2020|accessdate=2020-07-15|work=United States Obituary Notices {{!}} 2019 March|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbiputa ndị dị mkpa ==

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Lake Miwok Dictionary. Mahadum nke California Press.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Bodega Miwok Dictionary''. Akwụkwọ na Linguistics 60. Mahadum nke California Press.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Miwok nke dị larịị. Akwụkwọ na Linguistics 105. Mahadum nke California Press.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Northern Sierra Miwok Dictionary''. Akwụkwọ na Linguistics 110. Mahadum nke California Press.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Proto-Utian Grammar and Dictionary na nkọwa gbasara Yokuts. Omume na Linguistics Documentation 31. Berlin: Site na Gruyter Mouton.

== Edensibia ==
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

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&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077]
* DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), templates (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), HTML and parser tags (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), and magic words (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews.
* The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-helpusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-help&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604]
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533]
* From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the &quot;User&quot; namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:49, 27 Julaị 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&amp;uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518]
* The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-readinglists&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia.
* Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698]
* The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:46, 3 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting &quot;{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}&quot; in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001]
* Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;cldsort=timestamp&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:45, 10 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30901051 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;w:bol:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921]
* Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:04, 17 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30922806 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783]
* In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#uic:}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Userlinks}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466]
* Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs when specifically using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs can still be accessed and used without &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Specified user page URLs (e.g. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;User:Myusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) can still be used with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386]
* Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;librsvg&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 2.60 and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ImageMagick&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:45, 24 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30961208 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28.
* At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors.
* Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;onlyredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;withredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;incategory:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;intitle:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;insource:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089]
* The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;deepcat&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465]
* The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service.

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:53, 31 Ọgọọst 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the &quot;[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]&quot; option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback.
* The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&amp;sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&amp;project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549]
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:0&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704]
*  All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option, as gadgets are always loaded through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:44, 7 Septemba 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-38&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]].
* The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a &quot;read more&quot; button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks.
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:31, 14 Septemba 2026 (UTC)
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    <title>Charles Udoh</title>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Charles Udoh
| image               = 
| caption             = 
| office1             = Delivery Advisor on Tourism
| termstart1          = March 4, 2025
| termend1            = 
| governor1           = [[Umo Eno]]
| predecessor1        = 
| successor1          = 
| office2             = Commissioner for Culture and Tourism
| termstart2          = July 2023
| termend2            = February 2025
| governor2           = [[Umo Eno]]
| predecessor2        = 
| successor2          = [[Anietie Udofia]]
| birth_name          = 
| birth_date          = 
| birth_place         = 
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = 
| spouse              = Regina Charles Udoh
| children            = 
| education           = 
}}
'''Charles Udoh''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria nke jere ozi dị ka Kọmishọna maka Ọdịbendị na Njem na steeti Akwa Ibom, Naijiria malite na Julaị 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Africa: Sir Charles Udoh resumes office as Commissioner for Culture and Tourism, promises to make Akwa Ibom a tourism hub|url=https://atqnews.com/africa-sir-charles-udoh-resumes-office-as-commissioner-for-culture-and-tourism-promises-to-make-akwa-ibom-a-tourism-hub/|work=ATQ News|accessdate=8 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;akwaibomstate.gov.ng&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://akwaibomstate.gov.ng/executive-council/|title=Members of Akwa Ibom State Executive Council|work=Akwa Ibom State Government|accessdate=26 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anietie [[Udofia Anietie|Udofia]] nọchiri ya na Febụwarị 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Anthony|first=Lovina|date=2025-02-19|title=Akwa Ibom Assembly clears 20 commissioner, special adviser nominees|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/02/19/akwa-ibom-assembly-clears-20-commissioner-special-adviser-nominees/|accessdate=2025-03-13|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Disemba 1, 2016, Gọvanọ Udom Emmanuel họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Kọmishọna maka Ozi na Atụmatụ.   &lt;ref name=&quot;theeagleonline.com.ng&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://theyesng.com/2016/12/03/charles-udoh-becomes-akwa-ibom-state-commissioner-for-information-and-strategy/|title=Charles Udoh Becomes Akwa-Ibom State Commissioner for Information and Strategy|date=3 December 2016|work=Yes International! Magazine|accessdate=26 December 2018|archivedate=26 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226141002/http://theyesng.com/2016/12/03/charles-udoh-becomes-akwa-ibom-state-commissioner-for-information-and-strategy/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/12/02/akwa-ibom-govt-assigns-portfolios-to-new-commissioners/|title=Akwa Ibom Govt. Assigns Portfolios To New Commissioners • Channels Television|date=2 December 2016|work=Channelstv.com|accessdate=26 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.naijaperminute.com.ng/2016/12/02/aibom-governor-udom-emmanuel-appointed-charles-udoh-commissioner-information/amp/|title=A'Ibom: Why Governor Udom Emmanuel appointed Charles Udoh as Commissioner for Information - Naija Per Minute|work=Naijaperminute.com.ng|accessdate=26 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226184237/http://www.naijaperminute.com.ng/2016/12/02/aibom-governor-udom-emmanuel-appointed-charles-udoh-commissioner-information/amp/|archivedate=26 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-12-21|title=Bob Fitts, Ron Kenoly, others for A'Ibom Christmas Carol|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bob-fitts-ron-kenoly-others-for-aibom-christmas-carol/|accessdate=2025-11-25|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ugbu a onye ndụmọdụ nnyefe na njem nleta nye Gọvanọ Umo Eno.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2025-03-04|title=Mixed Reactions Trail Appointment Of Ex-Commissioners As Advisors In Akwa Ibom|url=https://thewhistler.ng/mixed-reactions-trail-appointment-of-ex-commissioners-as-advisors-in-akwa-ibom/|accessdate=2025-08-18|work=[[The Whistler (newspaper)|The Whistler]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Charles Udoh gara Diamond Hill Primary School, [[Calabar]] na mgbe ahụ West African Peoples' Institute, Calabar tupu ọ kwaga steeti Akwa Ibom  ịga School of Nka na sayensị. N'ikpeazụ, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta mbụ ya na Mahadum Uyo . &lt;ref name=&quot;akwaibomstate.gov.ng&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://akwaibomstate.gov.ng/mr-charles-udoh/|title=Mr. Charles Udoh|work=Akwa Ibom State Government|accessdate=26 December 2018|archivedate=24 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224220151/https://akwaibomstate.gov.ng/mr-charles-udoh/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. ''Akwa Ibom State Government''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 December&lt;/span&gt; 2018&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Udoh lụrụ di na 1998. Alụmdi na nwunye ahụ amụọla ụmụ. Na Julaị 25, 2018, o mere emume ncheta alụmdi na nwunye ya nke iri abụọ na Akwa Ibom Steeti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pdpdefenders.org/aks-info-boss-celebrates-20-years-in-marriage/|title=AKS Info Boss Celebrates 20 years in Marriage.|date=25 July 2018|work=Pdpdefenders.org|accessdate=26 December 2018|archivedate=26 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232923/http://pdpdefenders.org/aks-info-boss-celebrates-20-years-in-marriage/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Udoh malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-enye ọzụzụ na onye ndụmọdụ na Financial Institutions Training Center (FITC), Lagos, Nigeria. N'afọ 2003, ọ nwetara ọrụ na First Bank of Nigeria ma bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ngalaba akara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. N'afọ 2006, e nyere ya ọrụ na Guaranty Trust Bank dị ka onye njikwa ụlọ ọrụ na onye isi nkwukọrịta ụlọ ọrụ. N'afọ 2008, KPMG Professional Services were ya n'ọrụ ma nye ya ọkwa onye isi otu, nkwukọrịta ụlọ ọrụ maka Diamond Bank. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Adam &amp; Agnes Limited, akara, ahịa na ụlọ ọrụ nkwukọrịta. Ruo mgbe a họpụtara ya na 1 Disemba 2016, Udoh bụ Onye isi nke Brand na Marketing Communications na Wema Bank. &lt;ref name=&quot;akwaibomstate.gov.ng&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.qed.ng/charles-udoh-banker-footballer-new-akwa-ibom-information-commissioner/|title=Charles Udoh: Banker, ex-footballer is new Akwa Ibom information commissioner|first=Ajani|author=Okanlawon|date=2 December 2016|work=Qed.ng|accessdate=26 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;theeagleonline.com.ng&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/akwa-ibom-gets-new-commissioner-of-information/|title=Akwa Ibom gets new Commissioner of Information|work=Theeagleonline.com.ng|accessdate=26 December 2018}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://theeagleonline.com.ng/akwa-ibom-gets-new-commissioner-of-information/ &quot;Akwa Ibom gets new Commissioner of Information&quot;]. ''Theeagleonline.com.ng''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 December&lt;/span&gt; 2018&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye na nsọpụrụ ==
N'afọ 2018, e nyere Udoh onyinye dịka onye otu nsọpụrụ nke Institute of Information Management site na Institute of Information Management, Naịjirịa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://insideakwaibom.com/2018-investiture-iim-hosted-akwa-ibom-charles-udoh-recieves-award/|title=2018 Investiture of IIM hosted in Akwa Ibom as Charles Udoh {{as written|rec|ieves [sic]}} award - Inside Akwa Ibom|accessdate=2018-12-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226133804/http://insideakwaibom.com/2018-investiture-iim-hosted-akwa-ibom-charles-udoh-recieves-award/|archivedate=2018-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nextreporter.com/aks-info-boss-charles-udoh-bags-iim-fellowship-award/|title=AKS INFO BOSS, CHARLES UDOH BAGS IIM FELLOWSHIP AWARD|date=7 July 2018|work=Next Reporter|accessdate=26 December 2018|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226184241/https://nextreporter.com/aks-info-boss-charles-udoh-bags-iim-fellowship-award/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, na 2018, ndị nhazi ihe ngosi nka &quot;Sacrificial Lamb&quot; nke emere na 2018 na National Art Gallery, Uyo nyere ya onyinye Nnọchiteanya Ahụike Uche maka ọdịmma uche. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://insideakwaibom.com/aks-information-commissioner-bags-mental-health-ambassador-award/|title=AKS INFORMATION COMMISSIONER BAGS MENTAL HEALTH AMBASSADOR AWARD!!! - Inside Akwa Ibom|accessdate=2018-12-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226133710/http://insideakwaibom.com/aks-information-commissioner-bags-mental-health-ambassador-award/|archivedate=2018-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara onyinye Africa's Distinguished Personality Award site na Trans-Africa Students Initiative na 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wetinhappen.com.ng/akwa-ibom-info-boss-bags-2018-trans-africa-distinguished-personality/|title=AKWA IBOM INFO BOSS BAGS 2018 TRANS-AFRICA DISTINGUISHED PERSONALITY|date=5 April 2018|work=Wetinhappen.com.ng|accessdate=26 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406013027/https://www.wetinhappen.com.ng/akwa-ibom-info-boss-bags-2018-trans-africa-distinguished-personality/|archivedate=6 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensịbịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Udoh, Charles}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Édēchághị́:Legrek Parond</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>King ChristLike moved page [[Legrek Parond]] to [[Édēchághị́:Legrek Parond]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="3414" sha1="nihabl2rwbrx7qik66py2d587p62de6" xml:space="preserve">Legrek Zornolis Parond (amụrụ 29 Julaị 1982), nke a maara dịka Legrek Parond ma na-ejikwa aha Dr. Legrek Parond, bụ onye Jamaica-America na-abụ abụ, onye ode akwụkwọ na Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Ọ bụ onye na-ede egwu na onye na-emepụta egwu, yana President na CEO nke Troomill Inc. Ọrụ egwu ya gụnyere gospel, R&amp;B na hip-hop.

NDỤ MBỤ

A mụrụ Parond na 29 Julaị 1982. E kuchiri ya mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ. O tolitere n'etiti Jamaica na New York, United States. Mmasị ya n'egwu malitere mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọkachasị site n'ịbụ abụ n'ụka na n'òtù ukwe.

ỌRỤ EGWU

Parond malitere ịzụlite nkà ya n'egwu site n'ịbụ abụ n'ụka. Ọ bụrụla onye otu Hydel Cumberland High School Choir, Bronx Bethany Chosen Choir, Grace Baptist Church Choir na Kuumba Singers of Harvard College.

N'oge ọ nọ na Jamaica, Parond pụtara dịka onye na-abụ abụ na Television Jamaica (TVJ) na mmemme ụtụtụ Smile Jamaica: It's Morning Time.

Dịka onye na-abụ abụ, onye na-ede egwu na onye na-emepụta egwu, ọrụ Parond gụnyere gospel, R&amp;B na hip-hop. Egwu bụ otu n'ime akụkụ ndị bụ isi nke ọrụ nka ya.

AGỤMAKWỤKWỌ

Parond gara Hydel Cumberland High School na Jamaica. Ọ gụkwara akwụkwọ na Westchester Community College na Harvard University.

N'afọ 2025, ọ nwetara Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Executive Management site na Swiss School of Business Research (SSBR). Mgbe ọ nwetara doctorate ya, a na-akpọkwa ya Dr. Legrek Parond.

Ọrụ doctoral ya bụ Transformative Leadership Framework: Leveraging Doctoral-Level Expertise for Strategic Disruption in the Global Business Ecosystem.

ỌRỤ IDE AKWỤKWỌ

Na mgbakwunye na egwu, Parond bụ onye ode akwụkwọ. E nyere ya otuto dịka onye dere akwụkwọ 2,197, ebe ọrụ ya gbasara ụdị akwụkwọ dị iche iche. Akụkọ gbasara ya na Lulu kọwakwara ya dịka onye ode akwụkwọ nwere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 2,000 e bipụtara.

AZỤMAHỊA NA AGỤMAKWỤKWỌ DỊ ELU

Parond bụ President na Chief Executive Officer (CEO) nke Troomill Inc. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere na President nke Larthfurd University of Theology na St. Petersburg, Florida.

NRỤTỤAKA

# Legrek     Parond Biography. Akụkọ ndụ banyere ọrụ Parond dịka singer, author na CEO,     yana akụkọ banyere mmalite ọrụ egwu ya.
# About.me.     Legrek Parond — Singer, Rapper, Actor, President &amp; CEO. Profaịlụ     banyere ọrụ egwu Parond, gụnyere mpụta ya dịka onye na-abụ abụ na     Television Jamaica (TVJ), Smile Jamaica: It's Morning Time.
# Swiss     School of Business Research. Transformative Leadership Framework:     Leveraging Doctoral-Level Expertise for Strategic Disruption in the Global     Business Ecosystem. Legrek Zornolis Parond, 2025.
# Lulu.     Povrin Chebbers Jnr. Akụkọ na metadata nke akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọwa Dr. Legrek     Zornolis Parond dịka onye ode akwụkwọ 2,197.
# Lulu.     Akụkọ onye ode akwụkwọ banyere Legrek Parond na-akọwa ya dịka singer,     songwriter, record producer na onye ode akwụkwọ nwere ihe karịrị ọrụ 2,000     e bipụtara.
# Florida     Division of Corporations. Larthfurd University of Theology Inc. Ndekọ ụlọ ọrụ     Florida na-egosi Legrek Zornolis Parond dịka otu n'ime ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jill Perryman</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372812719|Jill Perryman]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Jill Perryman''' (amụrụ na 30 Mee 1933) bụ onye Australia lara ezumike nká na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-agba egwu  nke nwere ọrụ nke were afọ 70. Perryman si n'ezinụlọ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri; nwanne ya nwanyị bụ onye na-eme egwuregwu Diana Perryman na nwa ya nwoke bụ onye mgbasa ozi, onye na-egosi redio na TV na onye egwu Tod Johnston.

Perryman, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, pụtara obere oge na ihe nkiri; maka ọrụ ihe nkiri mbụ ya na Maybe this Time na 1980, e nyere ya onyinye AACTA maka onye na-ese ihe nkiri kacha mma na ọrụ nkwado (nke a maara mgbe ahụ dị ka AFI Awards) ma gosikwa dị ka onye ọbịa n'ọtụtụ usoro TV na dị ka onwe ya.

Perryman has been honoured with both the [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] (1979) and Member of the Order of Australia (1992), both with the citation &quot;For service to the Performing Arts&quot;. 

== Ọrụ ==
Perryman ghọrọ onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ na-eme ihe nkiri n'Australia, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'elu ikpo okwu site na afọ atọ na mmepụta nke egwu egwu Austria a ma ama The White Horse Inn .

Perryman na 1952, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ nke J. C. Williamson Theatres Ltd&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mwRQ&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; dị ka onye otu ukwe ma n'afọ sochirinụ ọ nọ na-amụ ọrụ dị mkpa na egwu egwu, n'okpuru Evie Hayes na mmepụta mpaghara nke Call Me Madam . 

Perryman siri ike n'olu na àgwà, na ogologo usoro nke onye na-esote na obere ọrụ mechara mee ka ọ, site na aro nke John McCallum (onye bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke J. C. Williamson Theatres n'oge ahụ), ibute ụzọ na mmepụta Australia nke Funny Girl, arụmọrụ nke mere ka o nweta Erik Award maka Best Actress ma mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepụta ndị ọzọ. &amp;nbsp;Ndị a gụnyere''M na-eme! M na-eme!'' na 1969, na The Two of Us na 1971. ''Mba, Mba, Nanette'' na 1972 meriri ya ọzọ Erik Award maka Best Actress maka ọrụ ya dị ka Lucille Early, mgbe ahụ na 1973 ọ pụtara na A Little Night Music .  N'afọ 1976, ọ kpara Gladys Zilch na Leading Lady, mmepụta egwu nke e mepụtara maka ya. Ọ gakwara njem n'afọ 1977 na Side by Side by Sondheim . O mere Miss Hannigan na ''Annie'' n'afọ 1978.

Perryman meriri A.F.I. (Australian Film Institute) Award maka Best Actress in a Supporting Role na 1980. &lt;ref&gt;{{IMDb name|name=Jill Perryman|id=0675375}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gara njem na egwu ''Chicago'' na 1988 na The Boy From Oz na 1998.

== Ndụ nke onwe ==
A mụrụ Perryman n'ọnwa Mee nke afọ 1933 na Melbourne, Victoria, n'ime ezinụlọ ndị na-eme ihe ngosi nka. Nna ya bụ William Harland-Perryman, onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke a mụrụ na Melbourne, ebe nne ya bụ Dorothy Eileen Duval, onye na-eme ihe nkiri nakwa onye na-agụ egwu nke a mụrụ na Adelaide; ha lụrụ di na nwunye n'afọ 1923..

Perryman lụrụ Kevin Johnston, onye na-ahazi usoro ịgba egwu, ha nwekwara nwa nwoke na nwa nwanyị. Nwa ha nwoke, bụ Tod Johnston, bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye egwu, na onye a ma ama na mgbasa ozi; nwa ha nwanyị, bụ Trudy Dunn, bụkwa onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Nwa nwanyị Trudy, bụ McKenzie Dunn, bụkwa onye na-eme ihe nkiri..

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe ngosi
!Ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|1953
|''Kpọọ m Madam''
|Ha abụọ (u/s Mrs Sally Adams) 
|Njem Australia nke Evie Hayes na-eme
|-
|1954
|''Sịpụta Ụgbọ Mmiri Gị''
|Elizabeth Woodling
|Njem Australia
|-
|1955
|''Can-Can''
|Celestine
|Njem Australia
|-
|1957
|''Egwuregwu Pajama''
|Mabel
|Njem Australia nke Toni Lamond na-eme
|-
|1962
|''Carnival!''
|Rosalie
|Njem Australia
|-
|1965
|''Ekele, ọ dị mwute!''
|Irene Molloy
|Njem Australia nke Carole Cook dị ka Dolly Levi
|-
|1966
|''Nwa agbọghọ na-atọ ọchị''
|Fanny Brice
|Njem Australia
|-
|1969
|''M na-eme! M na-eme!''
|Agnes
|Njem Australia
|-
|1972
|''Mba, Mba, Nanette''
|Lucille n'oge gara aga
|Njem Australia nke Cyd Charisse na-eme
|-
|1973
|''Egwú Obere N'abalị''
|Countess Malcolm
|Njem Australia
|-
|1977
|''Akụkụ site n'akụkụ site na Sondheim''
|Ya onwe ya
|Njem Australia
|-
|1978
|''Annie''
|Nwaanyị Hannigan
|Njem Australia
|-
|1983
|''Ụda Na-apụ''
|Dotty Ottley
|Njem Australia
|-
|1983
|''Chicago''
|Mama Morton
|Ụlọ Egwuregwu, Perth
|-
|1984
|''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'N'abalị, Nne''
|Jessie Cates
|Njem Australia
|-
|1985
|Brighton Beach Memoirs
|Onye ọcha
|Njem Australia
|-
|1994
|''Ekele, ọ dị mwute!''
|Dolly Levi
|Njem Australia
|-
|1998
|''Ndị nzuzu''
|Onye mmeri Carlotta
|Egwuregwu Sydney Opera House
|-
|1998
|''Nwa nwoke si Oz''
|Marion Woolnough
|Njem Australia
|}

== Ihe nkiri ==

=== Ihe nkiri ===

=== Telivishọn ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
!Ụdị
|-
|1957
|''Ajụjụ ọnụ''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1962
|''Ezigbo Mmanụ''
|Bunny
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1966
|''BP Super Show''
|Onye Na-abụ Egwú
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1966
|''Ihe ngosi Mavis Bramston''
|Ndị edemede dị iche iche
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1969
|''Sydney Taa''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1970
|''Ihe ngosi Mike Walsh''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1971
|''Ọchịchị''
|Jenny Onye Ọrụ Ugbo
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1972
|''Matt Flinders''
|Onye ọbịa
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1972
|''Kamahl''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1972
|''Perryman na-agagharị''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, ihe omume 6
|-
|1972
|''Ụda Krismas nke Bobby Limb''
|Onye ọbịa
|Ihe pụrụ iche na TV
|-
|1973
|''Jill''
|Ya onwe ya
|Ihe pụrụ iche na TV
|-
|1974
|''Firm ahụ''
|
|Ihe nkiri
|-
|1974
|''Ihe ngosi Ernie Sigley''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1975
|''Ihe ngosi Graham Kennedy''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1975
|''Nnụnụ Bellbird''
|Cheryl Turner (ọrụ a na-arụkarị) 
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1976
|''Ogbugbu''
|Kate Holsworth
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1976
|''Nke a bụ Ndụ Gị''
|Onye Nleta Pụrụ Iche
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume: &quot;Jill Perryman&quot;
|-
|1976
|''Ọchịchọ''
|Ya onwe ya
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1977
|''[[Royal Children's Hospital Good Friday Appeal]]''
|Onye ọbịa
|Ihe pụrụ iche na TV
|-
|1978
|''[[Cappriccio!]]''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1978; 1984; 1985
|''Ihe ngosi Mike Walsh''
|Onye ọbịa / onye na-abụ abụ
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, ihe omume 3
|-
|1978
|''Pink na-acha pinki pinki''
|Vera
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume 4: &quot;Obí Nrọ&quot;
|-
|1978
|''[[The Peter Couchman Show|Ihe ngosi Peter Couchman]]''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1979
|''[[The Jill Perryman Show|Ihe ngosi Jill Perryman]]''
|Ya onwe ya
|Ihe pụrụ iche na TV
|-
|1979
|''Satọdee pụrụ iche''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1980; 1982
|''Parkinson Na Australia''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, ihe omume 2
|-
|1980
|''Ebe Obibi''
|Nne Ukwu
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1980
|''1980 Australian Film Awards''
|Onye mmeri - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na Ọrụ Nkwado (maka ''Ikekwe Oge A'') 
|Ihe pụrụ iche na TV
|-
|1980
|''[[John Singleton Show|Ihe ngosi John Singleton]]''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1980
|''Abụ Ndị Na-abụ N'Iwu kandụl''
|Onwe ya / Onye na-eme ihe nkiri
|TV pụrụ iche
|-
|1981
|''Ụwa gbara anyị gburugburu''
|Ya onwe ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe ngosi
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume &quot;Africa The Dispossessed&quot;
|-
|1981
|''[[The 1981 Australian Film Institute Awards|Ihe nrite nke 1981 Australian Film Institute]]''
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri
|Ihe pụrụ iche na TV
|-
|1982
|''Parkinson Na Australia''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1985
|''Ịga Na Hel''
|Ọrụ a na-arụ ugboro ugboro
|Obere ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1985-1993
|''Ihe ngosi nke etiti ehihie''
|Onye ọbịa / onye na-abụ abụ
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1987
|''Nwee Ihe E Mere''
|Onyeikpe Ndị Nleta
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, ihe omume 4
|-
|1989
|''Na Melbourne Taa''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1989
|''Ihe ngosi Bert Newton''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1989
|''Ndị Dọkịta Na-efe efe''
|Josie Sterling
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1989-1990
|''Omume Mba''
|Lois Gardiner
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, ihe omume 4
|-
|1992
|''Na Sydney Taa''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1992
|''Ịgbagharị Gburugburu''
|Nwaada Gabhurst
|Miniserie TV, ihe omume 2
|-
|1992
|''[[Legends In Cabaret|Akụkọ ifo na Cabaret]]''
|Onye na-abụ abụ
|Ihe pụrụ iche na TV
|-
|1992
|''Ihe ngosi ụtụtụ''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1993
|''N'Ụlọ''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1994; 1995; 1998; 1999
|''Good Morning Australia''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, ihe omume 4
|-
|1997
|''Hey Hey Ọ bụ Satọdee''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|1998; 1999
|''Denise''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, ihe omume 2
|-
|2001
|''Changi''
|Kate Okenye
|Miniserie TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|2008
|''Isi Ndị Na-ekwu Okwu''
|Onye ọbịa
|Usoro ihe nkiri TV, 1 ihe omume
|-
|2011
|''[[The Helpmann Awards|Onyinye Helpmann]]''
|Honouree - JC Williamson Award (ya na Nancye Hayes &amp; Toni Lamond) 
|Ihe pụrụ iche na TV
|}

== Nsọpụrụ na onyinye ==

== Edensibịa ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mwakpo bọmbụ Hargeisa-Bosaso na 2008</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-14T21:33:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NiferO</username>
        <id>20385</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365144832|2008 Hargeisa–Bosaso bombings]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>725806</origin>
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Mwakpo ogbunigwe nke Hargeisa–Bosaso mere n'ọnwa Ọktoba 29, afọ 2008, mgbe isii  Ndị ogbunigwe igbu onwe ha wakporo ebe a na-atụ bọmbụ ụgbọala na Hargeisa, isi obodo Somaliland, na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Puntland nke Bosaso na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Somalia. Mgbawa ndị ahụ gburu ihe dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri atọ.

== Nkọwa nke mwakpo ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Template:Quote_box/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 


Ihe ndị a na-achọ na Hargeisa gụnyere obí onye isi ala, onye nnọchi [[Ethiopia|Onye Etiopia]], na ọfịs UNDP, ebe na Bosaso, a wakporo ọfịs nke Puntland Intelligence Service.

Mmadụ iri abụọ nwụrụ na onye nnọchi anya Etiopia na Hargeisa, ebe ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ ise nwụrụ na mgbawa na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ọfịs onye isi ala na ụlọ [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]] n'ebe ahụ. Abụọ n'ime ndị nwụrụ n'ebe ikpeazụ ahụ bụ ndị ọrụ UN, onye ọkwọ ụgbọala na onye ndụmọdụ nchekwa. Ndị ọrụ UN isii merụkwara ahụ na mgbawa ahụ nke gbagburu elu ụlọ UN. Onye nhazi ọrụ enyemaka nke UN maka Somalia, Mark Bowden, kwuru, sị:&quot;Ọ bụ ezie na Somalia bụ otu n'ime ebe kachasị ize ndụ n'ụwa maka ndị ọrụ enyemaka, Hargeisa anọwo na-akwụsi ike ma n'ihi ya ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ United Nations nọ ebe ahụ. &quot;

Ndị ọrụ ahụike na Bosaso kwuru na n'abalị iri atọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba na ndị agha abụọ ọzọ merụrụ ahụ na mgbawa isi ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa nwụrụ n'otu abalị, nke butere opekata mpe mmadụ ise ndị ihe metụtara na mwakpo ahụ.&quot; 

== Nnyocha ==

=== Inwuchi ===
Ndị ọchịchị na Puntland kwuru na ha jidere onye isi obodo a ma ama, Mohamud Ismail, maka mwakpo a na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na mwakpo ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Otu onye ikwu Sheik, Abdishakur Mire, kwuru, sị: &quot;Ndị agha wakporo ụlọ anyị wee gbaa anyị égbè. Ha merụrụ nwanne nna m ahụ n'ogwe aka wee buru ya&quot;.Ndị ọchịchị jụrụ inye nkọwa ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, Minista Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime, [[Abdillahi Ismail]], kwuru na a haziri mgbawa ahụ site na Mogadishu.

E mechara tọhapụ Ismail n'ọnwa Nọvemba 10.

=== Enwere ike ijikọ US ===
Ndị ọchịchị na Minneapolis, Minnesota, nọ na-enyocha ma Shirwa Ahmed, bụ onye si Somalia kwaga biri na Minneapolis, ọ̀ bụ otu n'ime ndị ji bọmbụ gbuo onwe ha n'ọgụ ahụ. 

== Mmeghachi omume ==
Ndị isi ala nke Somaliland na steeti Puntland nke Somalia katọrọ bọmbụ ahụ. Dahir Rayale Kahin, onye isi ala nke Somaliland, kwuru na mwakpo ahụ bụ mwakpo na &quot;mba&quot; Somaliland, na nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe na steeti nkewa. O kwukwara na a ga-eme ihe niile iji chọpụta onye kpatara mwakpo ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt;

== Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Na-eme ==
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị otu ndị na-ahụ maka mwakpo ahụ, a kwenyere na otu ndị nnupụisi Islamist, Al-Shabaab, bụ ndị kpatara ya. A na-enyo ndị nnupụisi Islamist enyo n'ozuzu ha bụ ndị na-alụso gọọmentị Somalia na ndị agha Etiopia ha na ha jikọrọ aka. Al-Shabaab tinyere vidiyo nke onye gburu onwe ya na Ịntanetị mana ejikọtaghị nke a na mwakpo ahụ. Otú ọ dị, United States boro al-Qaeda, nke ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-arụ ọrụ site na Shabaab, maka mwakpo nke kpuchiri nzukọ na [[Kenya]] iji kwurịta esemokwu afọ 17 na Somalia.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ihe omume ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na 2008
* Febụwarị 2008 Bọmbụ Bosaso
* Agha Somalia (2006-2009) 

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt; {{War in Somalia (2006–09)}}{{Diplomatic missions of Ethiopia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jeheskel Shoshani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>80695</id>
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      <id>725809</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-15T10:33:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NiferO</username>
        <id>20385</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355311441|Jeheskel Shoshani]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Jeheskel &quot;Hezy&quot; Shoshani''' (Hebrew; Jenụwarị 23, afọ 1943 – ọnwa Mee 21, 2008) bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị gbasara evolushọn nke anụmanụ, onye gụrụ banyere enyí na ụdị anụmanụ ndị yiri ha ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ na ise.

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==

=== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ===
A mụrụ Shoshani n'ihe bụ Tel Aviv, Israel ugbu a, mana o nwere Ụmụ amaala abụọ na United States. Mmasị ya n'ebe enyí nọ malitere n'oge ọ bụ nwata mgbe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ Hibru nke Willis Lindquist's Burma Boy,   nke kọrọ akụkọ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwata nwoke na enyí. 
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-elekọta zoo na Tel Aviv Zoo  wee bụrụ onye isi na-elekọta zook n'afọ 1966. &lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme nchọpụta banyere enyí na Sri Lanka na [[Kenya]]  tupu ọ kwaga [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] n'afọ 1968  wee ghọọ prọfesọ na Mahadum Wayne State n'ihe dị ka afọ 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt; Shoshani guzobere Elephant Interest Group (nke e mechara mara dị ka Elephant Research Foundation) n'ọnwa Junn afọ 1977, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; ma bụrụkwa naanị ''Enyí'' nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, Elephant (nke bụbu Elephant Newsletter), maka ọtụtụ n'ime oge ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; O guzobekwara Elephant Research Foundation Library, nke o si na ya chịkọta ma depụta ihe ndị e bipụtara na ihe ncheta, ngosipụta, na ihe ndị metụtara enyí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoski 2018&quot; /&gt; E nyere Shoshani Ph.D. ya na mahadum n'afọ 1986  ma kụzie ebe ahụ mgbe ya na nwunye ya Sandra bi na anụ ụlọ ha bụ hyrax  ruo mgbe ọ kwagara [[Eritrea]] n'afọ 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shoshani 1986&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Eltringham 1991&quot; /&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ mụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-amaghị nke ọma nke enyí ọhịa Afrịka nke esemokwu dị n'etiti Eritrea na [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] na-eyi egwu   ma kụzie na Mahadum Asmara ruo 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elephant&quot; /&gt; N'inwe nchegbu banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ókèala Eritrea-Ethiopia,  ọ kwagara Etiopia n'afọ 2007 iji gaa n'ihu na nyocha ya, ma kụzie na Mahadum Addis Ababa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ilani 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt;

=== Nnyocha ===
N'oge ndụ ya, Shoshani bipụtara ihe karịrị 168 edemede sayensị na akwụkwọ gbasara enyí.  Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na anatomy na taxonomy ha, mana ọ mụtakwara taxa ndị ọzọ dị ka primates. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ọ duziri nyocha dị ukwuu nke enyí Sri Lanka dị afọ 46 aha ya bụ Iki site na 1980 ruo 1988, &lt;ref name=&quot;Douglas-Hamilton 2008&quot; /&gt; so dee akwụkwọ ndị dị ịrịba amị na ụbụrụ enyí &lt;ref name=&quot;Dale 2008&quot; /&gt; na ọhụụ,  ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye so dee mpịakọta encyclopedic abụọ gbasara enyí na ndị ikwu ha: teknụzụ The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, na Elephants: Majestic Creatures of The Wild. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ ma ọ bụ kpamkpam na-ahụ maka ịkpọ aha ọtụtụ proboscidean taxa, gụnyere suborder Plesielephantiformes,  ezinụlọ Numidotheriidae,  na ụdị &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwqQ&quot;&gt;Eritreum melakeghebrekristosi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

== Ọnwụ na ihe nketa ==
Shoshani so n'ọtụtụ mmadụ e gburu n'ihe mgbawa metụtara iyi ọha egwu n'ime ụgbọala bọs na-ebu ọtụtụ mmadụ n'etiti obodo Addis Ababa, dị na Ethiopia, n'ụbọchị nke 21 n'ọnwa Mee, afọ 2008.  Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ndị nduzi nke Elephant Research Foundation gbanwere aha ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ The Jeheskel (Hezy) Shoshani Library Endowed Collection iji cheta nyocha ya,  ma ugbu a, ọ nwere ihe karịrị 1,100.  A gụrụ amebelodontid ''Eurybelodon shoshanii'' aha iji sọpụrụ ya n'afọ 2016. 

== Edensịbịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Burma Boy nke Willis Lindquist dere na Internet ArchiveEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet
* [https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/elephant/ Elephant, akụkụ agụmakwụkwọ nke Elephant Interest Group]
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